Bedrock geologic map of the Ingleside 7.5-minute quadrangle, Franklin and Vance Counties, North Carolina

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES JAMES D. SIMONS, STATE GEOLOGIST Equal area Schmidt net projection of regional foliation (gneissic banding or primary schistosity) Contour Interval = 2% per 1% area n = 175 Equal area Schmidt net projection of primary foliation of country rock xenoliths in granite, n = 35 Equal area Schmidt net projection of biotite schlieren, biotite foliation or feldspar foliation in granite, n = 29 Equal Area \ : Equal area Schmidt net projection of lineations. Includes fold hinges, crenulation lineations and stretching lineations. n= 8 Unidirectional rose diagram of joints n = 316 outer circle = 10% mean dir = 257 Unidirectional rose diagram of pegmatite dikes n = 81 outer circle = 8% mean dir = 343 This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Ш1 m V,- V v-/ f • ip А-УД'Ш ifl Щ •<54 ••• • 78 22' 30" 78” 1 5' 00' Geology mapped from September 2009 through May 201 0. INTRODUCTION AND PREVIOUS MAPPING NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN FILE REPORT 2010-05 The Ingleside 7.5-minute quadrangle occurs primarily in northernmost Franklin County. North Carolina, between the towns of Louisburg and Henderson. The northwestern comer of the quad is in Vance County. US Highway 401 /NC Highway 39 enters the quad from the south, splits at the crossroads of Ingleside, with US 401 continuing NNE toward Warrenton and NC 39 NNW toward Henderson. NC Highway 561 traverses the extreme southeastern comer of the quad, running between Louisburg and Centerville. Aside from Ingleside itself, the quad contains the communities of Epsom (Vance County), and Kearney, Rocky Ford and Moulton (Franklin County), but no incorporated towns. The Tar River cuts across the southwestern portion of the quad, draining toward the southeast. A large portion of the quad is deeply dissected by south- flowing tributaries that empty into the Tar River. These are Gills Little Mill Creek, Eaves Creek. Lynch Creek. Tooles Creek. Giles Creek. Bear Swamp Creek, and Fox Creek. Sandy Creek cuts across the extreme northeastern comer of the quad, and the northeastern quarter of the quad is drained by Flatrock Creek and Devils Cradle Creek, themselves tributaries to Sandy Creek. The western portion of the quad features unusually rugged topography for this part of the eastern Piedmont, with local relief of up to 150 feet. Total relief in the quad is just over 300 feet, with elevations above sea level ranging from about 490 feet just northwest of Epsom to approximately 1 87 feet where the Tar River leaves the southern edge of the quad. The Ingleside quadrangle is dominantly underlain by granitoid rocks belonging to the late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) Rolesville batholith. The granites are intrusive into gneisses and schists of the Raleigh terrane, interpreted as an infrastructural component of a Neoproterozoic volcanic arc (Hibbard and others, 2002). Just to the east of the map area, in the Gold Sand quad (Fuemmeler, 2004; Stoddard and others, 2009) the Macon fault separates the Raleigh terrane from the suprastructural Spring Hope terrane to the east. In addition. Jurassic dikes of olivine diabase are common in the area, most striking north-northwest, as are linear zones of siliceous breccia, mostly northeast-trending, which are thought to represent brittle faulting of Mesozoic age (cf. Heller and others, 1 998). Prior to this investigation, little geologic mapping had been undertaken in the quadrangle, although it has been included in a number of regional and reconnaissance studies. Parker (1968) defined the structural framework of the region. McDaniel (1980) mapped a multi-county region, including Franklin and Vance Counties, at a scale of 1 : 100,000. Farrar (1985a, b) mapped the entire eastern Piedmont of North Carolina, defined map units for the region, and proposed a model for the tectonic evolution of the region. As part of a regional radon assessment, Speer (unpublished) undertook reconnaissance mapping of the Rolesville batholith. He (Speer, 1 994) also presented a map showing some granitoid plutons of the batholith. and describing some of their constituent facies. Sacks (1996a. b. c. d) mapped a strip of four 7.5-minute quadrangles along the Virginia-North Carolina border, along strike to the north -northeast. Adjacent to the field area. 1 :24.000-scale mapping has been done for the Gold Sand quadrangle to the east (Fuemmeler, 2004; Stoddard and others. 2009), for the Kittrell quadrangle to the west (Stoddard and others, 2003). and for the Louisburg quadrangle to the south (Bechtel and others. 2010). DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS HYDROTHERMAL UNIT qrx - quartz rock and quartz breccia: Sizable accumulations of massive, milky quartz, commonly with vuggy crystals of clear, milky, or smoky quartz ranging from 1 mm to 5 cm. Locally includes brecciated and silicified granitoid rock having networks of thin quartz veins. Likely the result of quartz mineralization along brittle fracture zones or faults. Probable fault-surface features, including slickenlines, observed rarely in float. On the basis of such quartz occurrences, several fault segments are inferred and are depicted on the map as linear quartz breccia zones with trends typically E-W or NE-SW. At one outcrop (IN 1 470) an in situ fault surface strikes N1 IE and dips 72 NW (right-hand rule: 191, 72). Another significant fault zone crosses the Tar River (at station IN2439) in the south¬ western comer of the quad, striking NE. An excellent exposure of qrx. along an E-W fault segment, holds up an isolated hill due west of Moulton (station IN 1980). The trace of another E-W fault, located due west of Ingleside. is well exposed in fairly rugged terrain. At one location (IN 1672) where its trend intersects that of a diabase dike (Jd), no offset of the dike was seen, and though brecciated granitic rock is present, no diabase is brecciated. Thus the fault is inferred to pre-date the dike intrusion. Because the opposite relationship has been documented in the Middleburg quad to the northwest, it appears that diabase intrusion and brittle faulting in the eastern Piedmont were more or less contemporaneous in the Jurassic. On the map. yellow diamonds not associated with mapped faults indicate isolated outcrops or major float occurrences of qrx. INTRUSIV E UNITS Jp Jd / » Sf / Jp - Porphyry: Olive drab porphyritic rock with a very fine-grained (almost glassy) groundmass and phenocrysts of quartz having beta morphology and of plagioclase, with or without alkali feldspar. May belong to an unmapped dike. Observed at a single location northwest of Ingleside (IN 1 707). Jd - diabase: Fine to medium-grained, equigranular to locally plagioclase porphyritic diabase, typically olivine-bearing. Commonly weathers to black to tan-gray, spheroidal boulders and cobbles. Occurs in vertical to steeply dipping dikes. The traces of the larger dikes correlate with and may be partly inferred on the basis of linear magnetic highs. In the Ingleside quad, nearly all diabase dikes trend NW to NNW; one dike in the northwest comer of the quad trends N60E. Red dots indicates isolated outcrops or float occurrences. Granitoid rocks of the Rolesville batholith The Rolesville batholith is a large, composite granitoid intrusive complex in the Piedmont of North Carolina. It is elongate parallel to the typical north-northeast regional strike, and generally lies along the axial trace of the Wake - Warren anticlinorium, which passes approximately through the center of the Ingleside quad. Field evidence indicates that the Rolesville plutons intruded during or after the peak of regional metamorphism, and very limited radiometric age-dates indicate that they crystallized and cooled during the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods (Fullagar and Butler, 1979; Horton and Stem. 1994; Schneider and Samson. 2001). Previous studies dealing with the Rolesville batholith in the area covered by this map include those ofParker (1968). Becker and Farrar ( 1977). Farrar (1985a. b). Speer (1994), Speer and others (1994), and Speer and Hoff (1997). Granitoid rocks of the Rolesville batholith underlie most of the Ingleside quad, except for its eastern edge, and the northeastern quarter of the quad, where gneisses and schists of the Raleigh terrane occur. Leucogranite occurs as mapped bodies (PPge) and as unmapped smaller pods in the metamorphic terrane. especially associated with sillimanite-muscovite schist (CZsms). The leucogranite and five other granitoid facies are mapped in the Ingleside quadrangle, as detailed below. The dominant facies, PPgd. underlies most of the map. Granitic pegmatite bodies are associated with all of the mapped granitoids. PPge PPgk PPge - granitoid facies e: Fine to medium-grained, non-porphyritic, locally foliated muscovite +/- garnet +/- biotite leucogranite. Cl less than 5. Occurs primarily in the eastern Ingleside quadrangle and the northeastern Louisburg quadrangle, as well as the adjacent Gold Sand and Justice quadrangles. Typically intermingled with CZsms north of Moulton. PPgk - granitoid facies k: Medium-grained, generally equigranular white, pink, orange or buff biotite +/- muscovite leucogranite and granite, locally with garnet. Cl = 2 - 8. Occurs in the east-central portion of the Ingleside quad in the upper portion of the Bear Swamp Creek drainage basin; associated with and contains xenoliths of gneiss and schist just south of Ingleside. Commonly cut by pegmatite dikes locally having smoky quartz. Intrudes and contains autoliths of fine-to-medium grained biotite granite PPgi at stations IN 1818- 1 823. PPgd PPgd - granitoid facies d: Fine to coarse-grained, but primarily medium-grained equigranular to moderately porphyritic (very rarely megacrystic), rarely foliated, pink or salmon and white biotite monzo- granite. Commonly has an almost idiomorphic fabric with well- formed alkali feldspar and plagioclase grains. Cl = 5 - 12. Contains common biotite schlieren and local biotite crystal clots. Pegmatite dikes and pods are extremely common; locally, isolated xenocrysts of alkali feldspar 1 - 4 cm in length also occur. Unit also contains relatively common xenoliths of Raleigh terrane country rocks. Less commonly contains autoliths of fine granodiorite or tonalite and may display igneous layering between biotite-rich and biotite-poor phases. Weathered surfaces are commonly nubbly, friable and/or cavernous. Chemical analysis from station 01-LBG-1F from the west -central Louisburg quad has 70.55 wt percent SiCK nonnative Q:A:P of 28:29:43 and nonnative 20.1 percent An. Likely equivalent to the Rolesville main phase of Speer (1994) but generally lacks muscovite. PPgi PPgi - granitoid facies i: Fine-grained to medium-grained white, light gray, or tan. equigranular to weakly poiphyritic biotite +/- muscovite granite, locally with pink alkali feldspar. Cl = 5 - 12. Locally contains alkali feldspar xenocrysts up to 8 mm in length, but does not contain schlieren or xenoliths and contains fewer pegmatite dikes than most other granitoid phases. Extends from north-central Louisburg quad into south-central Ingleside quad; cut by leucogranite east of SR 1 237 (Beasley Road) at stations INI 818-19. Also mapped in a separate pod in the southwestern part of the quad north of the Tar River (IN 2442). PPgj PPgj - granitoid facies j: Heterogeneous granitoid unit consisting of streaky, gneissic, or layered biotite granitoid and biotite granitoid gneiss. Includes granite, leucogranite, and granodiorite and their gneissic counterparts. Generally medium grained but ranges from fine to coarse. Locally has alkali feldspar xenocrysts up to 3 cm. Locally exhibits strong compositional banding, elsewhere vague phase layering, boudinage of darker phases, biotite schlieren. or xenoliths of biotite gneiss. Additionally may contain feldspar or biotite foliation. Planar fabric elements may be contorted and possibly transposed. Pegmatite and aplite dikes are abundant and locally deformed. Occurs in northwestern and southwestern Ingleside quad. Always appears to be associated with granitoid of the Rolesville main phase PPgd. Well-exposed at station IN2536, in an east-flowing tributary to Lynch Creek just north of a sharp bend in SR 1003 (Sims Bridge Rd.), and in a large pavement exposure (station 1N2367) along upper Lynch Creek west of its confluence with Gills Little Mill Creek in the northwestern Ingleside quad. PPgi PPgi - granitoid facies I: Medium grained (typically 3-5 mm), hypidiomorphic granular to weakly porphyritic biotite granodiorite. Contains titanite. apatite and opaque minerals. CI=15 - 20. Occurs in three small mapped pods in west-central Ingleside quad. Chemical analysis from station 01-ING-02 shows 61 wt% SiO; and nonnative Q:A:P of 28:16:56. with nonnative An 32.6%. METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE RALEIGH TERRANE In the Ingleside quad, metamorphic rocks of the Raleigh terrane include biotite gneiss and schist (CZbgs). felsic gneiss, hornblende gneiss (CZhg). and sillimanite-muscovite schist (CZsms). The CZsms extends eastward into the Gold Sand quad, where it is inferred to be the uppermost in a homoclinally west-dipping sequence of units (Stoddard and others, 2009), and biotite gneiss (CZbgs) lies to the east, presumably beneath the schist. In the east-central part of the Ingleside quad, foliations depart drastically from the typical N-S or NNE trends of the region, locally striking roughly east-west and dipping gently or moderately northward. Furthermore, in the central and western portions of the quad, large mapped blocks of CZbgs. CZsms. and perhaps CZhg. plus smaller xenoliths (depicted on the map by point symbols within mapped granitoid rocks), suggest a ghost stratigraphy of Raleigh terrane country rocks within the batholith. Taken together, these observations suggest the presence of a tight synformal, complex but locally north-plunging fold of metamorphic rocks, having an axial trace trending south-southwest. The axial trace of the Wake- Warren anticlinorium is inferred to lie to the west of the synform, running through the Ingleside quad. CZsms CZsms - muscovite-biotite sillimanitc schist: Bluish green to gray to golden or white, fine to coarse-grained, moderately to well foliated muscovite schist. Locally may be strongly and chaotically crenulated and/or rusty or maroon weathering. Locally carries sillimanite, kyanite, garnet, pyrite and'or very rare staurolite. Includes quartz-muscovite schist and poorly foliated maroon-weathering muscovite schist, as well as local kyanite-quartz rock or sillimanite-quartz rock. Commonly associated with pegmatite and'or leucogranite. Occurs in abundance north and northwest of Moulton, between SR 1 002 (Trinity Church Rd.) and SR 1413 (Sutton Rd.) and in the northeastern comer of the map in the Sandy Creek drainage. Just northeast of Ingleside, two separate pods of CZsms, surrounded by granitoid rocks, are also mapped. CZbgs CZbgs - biotite gneiss and schist: Medium to dark gray, fine to medium grained, moderately to well foliated biotite-quartz-plagioclase+/-alka!i feldspar gneiss and schist. Varies from non-banded biotite granitoid gneiss to variably banded biotite gneiss to schistose biotite gneiss and biotite schist. Rarely includes zones of homblende-biolite schist, hornblende gneiss, or quartzofeldspalhic gneiss with or without biotite and/or muscovite. Locally carries garnet, epidote, or sulfide minerals. Locally associated with dikes and/or sills of pegmatite and'or leucogranite. Also occurs as xenoliths within granitoid bodies. Excellent exposures in east-flowing tributary of Devil's Cradle Creek in the east-central part of the quad, east of Highway 401 (stations IN 1935-1 948), and in the headwaters of Fox Creek south of Moulton. Other good examples may be found in the headwaters to Giles Creek, just north of Ingleside, between US Highway 401 and NC Highway 39. An excellent exposure of banded biotite gneiss in contact with granite lies along Flatrock Creek about 100 meters south of SR 1404 (Lake View Rd.) west of Kearney. CZfg CZhg CZfg - fclsic gneiss: Light tan to pinkish gray, fine to medium grained, well foliated, massive to fissile. quartz-plagioclase-K-feldspar-muscovite-biotite orthogneiss. Mapped as a single pod surrounded by CZbgs in the southeastern comer of the quad. Similar (unmapped) lithologies occur rarely within CZbgs. CZhg - hornblende gneiss: Dark gray to black, medium grained, poorly to moderately foliated homblende-plagioclase gneiss and amphibolite. May contain biotite or epidote. Where biotite content is high may be somewhat schistose. Occurs in the western half of the quad as xenoliths within granitoid bodies. The larger bodies are mapped as pods while the smaller xenoliths are indicated by point symbols within granitoid rock. AC KNOW LE DC, MENTS Data were contributed by Stephen Fuemmeler. Jonathan Leidheiser-Stoddard assisted with a canoe traverse on the Tar River. Phil Bradley, Heather Hanna and Randy Bechtel assisted with office work and logistics. 1 thank all these people, as well as the landowners who graciously allowed access to their property. REFERENCES Bechtel, R., Stoddard, E. F., Clark. T. W.. Beaudoin. A. L. P., Gilliam, C.. and Antczak. G., 2010, Bedrock geologic map of the Louisburg 7.5-minute quadrangle, Franklin County, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open-file Report 2010-06, scale 1 :24.000. in color. Becker, S. W., and Farrar, S. S., 1 977, The Rolesville batholith. in Costain, J.K., Glover. L., 111. and Sinha. A. K., eds.. Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States: U. S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service VP1 and SU-5 103-3, p. A53-A77. Farrar, S.S., 1 985a. Stratigraphy of the northeastern North Carolina Piedmont: Southeastern Geology, v. 25. p. 1 59-183. Farrar, S.S., 1 985b, Tectonic evolution of the easternmost Piedmont, North Carolina: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96. p. 362-380. Fullagar, P.D.. and Butler, J. R.. 1979, 325 to 265 m.y. old granitic plutons in the Piedmont of the southeastern Appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 279. p. 161-185. Fuemmeler. S.. 2004. Geologic map of the [northern half of the] Gold Sand 7.5-minute quadrangle. Franklin and Warren Counties. North Carolina: North Carolina Geolgical Survey manuscript map, scale 1:24,000. Heller. M. J., Grimes. W. S., Stoddard. E. F., and Blake. D. E.. 1998. Brittle faulting along the western edge of the eastern North Carolina Piedmont: Southeastern Geology, v. 38. p. 1 03-1 16. Hibbard, J. P, Stoddard, E. F., Secor. D. T, and Dennis, A. J., 2002, The Carolina Zone: Overview of Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic peri-Gondwanan terranes along the eastern flank of the southern Appalachians: Earth Science Reviews, v. 57, p. 299-339. Horton. J. W.. Jr., and Stem. T. E., 1994. Tectonic significance of preliminary uranium-lead ages from the eastern Piedmont of North Carolina: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, p. 21. McDaniel, R. D., 1980, Geologic map of Region K: North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Geological Survey Section. Open File Map NCGS 80-2 [scale 1: 100,000]. Parker, J. M.. III. 1968. Structure of easternmost North Carolina Piedmont: Southeastern Geology, v. 9. p. 1 17-131 . Sacks. P.E.. 1 996a. Geologic map of the Bracey 7.5-minute quadrangle. Mecklenburg County, Virginia, and Warren County. North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2285, scale 1 :24.000. Sacks, P.E.. 1996b. Geologic map of the South Hill SE 7.5-minute quadrangle. Mecklenburg and Brunswick Counties, Virginia, and Warren County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2286, scale 1 :24.000. Sacks, P.E.. 1996c, Geologic map of the Gasburg 7.5-minute quadrangle, Brunswick County, Virginia, and Warren. Northampton, and Halifax Counties, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2287, scale 1 :24.000. Unidirectional rose diagram of quartz veins n = 21 outer circle = 14% mean dir = 21 traverse by foot traverse by car #•/ V?' C / // // TJJ / .S' / i Base topographic map is digital raster graphic image of the Ingleside 7.5-minutc quadrangle (1979), North Carolina State Plane NAD 83 meters coordinate system, Lambert Conformal Conic projection. This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, award number G09AC00 183. The views and conclusions contained in this document arc those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. Disclaimer: This Open-File report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with die North Carolina Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Further revisions or con ections to this preliminary map may occur prior to its release as a North Carolina Geological Survey map. 8 1/2 151 MILS 0.5 SCALE 1 :24 000 0 1 1 Miles T 9' 1,000 500 0 20 MILS 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 - 1 I I I I I - I Feet 0.5 1 i Kilometers 2000 MAGNETIC NORTH DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET ) TERRANE MAP ] Rolesville batholith 1 Raleigh terrane Sacks, P.E., 1 996d, Geologic map of the Valentines 7.5-minute quadrangle, Brunswick and Greensville Counties, Virginia, and Northampton, and Halifax Counties, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2288, scale 1 :24.000. Schneider. D.. and Samson, S. D., 2001. A comparison of zircon and monazite U-Pb ages from the Rolesville Batholith, NC; lessons from misbehaving minerals: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, p. 7. Speer, J. A., 1994. Nature of the Rolesville batholith. North Carolina, in Stoddard. E. F.. and D. E. Blake (eds.). Geology and Field Trip Guide, Western Flank of the Raleigh Metamorphic Belt. North Carolina: Carolina Geological Society Guidebook, p. 57-62. Speer. J. A., and Hoff. K. W.. 1997. Elemental composition of the Alleghanian granitoid plutons of the southern Appalachians, in Sinha. A. K.. J. B. Whalen, and J. P. Hogan (eds.). The Nature of Magmatism in the Appalachian Orogen: Geological Society of America Memoir 1 91 , p. 287-308. Speer. J. A.. McSween. Jr.. H. Y., and Gates. A. E.. 1994. Generation, segregation, ascent, and emplacement of Alleghanian granitoid plutons in the Southern Appalachians: Journal of Geology, v. 102, p. 249-267. Stoddard. E.F.. Fuemmeler. S.. Bechtel, R.. Clark. T. W.. and Sprinkle II. D. P. 2009. Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Gold Sand. Centerville. Castalia. and Justice 7.5-minute quadrangles. Franklin. Nash. Warren and Halifax Counties, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open-file Report 2009-03. scale 1:24.000. in color. Stoddard. E. F.. Grimes, W.S.. Robitaille, K. S.. and Blake. D. E., 2003. Bedrock geology of the Kittrell 7.5-minute quadrangle. Franklin and Vance Counties. North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey manuscript map, scale 1:24.000. synform - approximate location BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE INGLESIDE 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, FRANKLIN AND VANCE COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA By Edward F. Stoddard Digital representation by Michael A. Medina, Philip J. Bradley and Heather D. Hanna 2010 EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS CONTACTS Lithologic contacts - Distribution and concentration of structural symbols indicates degree of reliability. - inferred geologic contact ~ — ** — ** — ** — •• — " — * quartz breccia zone - location inferred - diabase dike - location inferred axial trace of synform - location inferred A A' - cross section line / 14 LINEAR FEATURES bearing and plunge of feldspar lineation in granite bearing and plunge of crenulation lineation bearing and plunge of fold hinge bearing and plunge of mineral stretch lineation PLANAR FEATURES Observation sites are centered on the strike bar or are at the intersection point of multiple symbols. Planar feature symbols may be combined with linear features. 81 / strike and dip of regional foliation strike of vertical regional foliation strike and dip of cleavage strike and dip of biotite schlieren in granite X 52. X strike of vertical biotite schlieren in granite strike and dip of primary igneous planar features strike of vertical primary igneous planar features strike and dip of foliation of xenolith 62 strike of vertical foliation of xenolith / strike and dip of joint У strike of vertical joint 72 У strike and dip of brittle fault 15 у strike and dip of quartz vein У strike of vertical quartz vein 66 strike and dip of pegmatite or aplite dike strike of vertical pegmatite or aplite dike X biotite gneiss xenolith with granite О biotite hornblende gneiss xenolith with granite |J| biotite schist xenolith with granite OTHER FEATURES hornblende gneiss xenolith with granite schistose biotite gneiss xenolith with granite 01-ING-2 ф diabase station location © observation station location '() geochemical sample location Scan with smartphone for link to GeoPDF of map. Third party App required. Z > z о 2 z о гп О о С z H — m СЛ z о я н X о ► я о г — Z ►