Geologic map of the Goldston 7.5-minute quadrangle, Chatham, Lee, and Moore counties, North Carolina

North Carolina Geological Survey Open File Report 2020-06 Brian L. Wrenn, Division Director Kenneth B. Taylor, State Geologist North Carolina Department Of Environmental Quality This Geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources & CO c 1— <1) * CO =3 О Qal Qtl Qth alluvium terrace deposits - low terrace deposits - high CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS •JdA diabase Triassic Sedimentary Rocks Deep River Basin: Sanford Sub-basin Trs Trc Sanford Formation Cumnock Formation “ *Trpct • Trp Sanford Formation Albemarle Arc Pluton (?) MZIamp Lamprophyre (?) Zdi-porp Aaron Formation Youngest detrital zircons of ca. 588 and 578 Ma (Pollock et al„ 2010 and Samson et al„ 2001 , respectively) Za Hyco Formation - upper portion о о N О Ф О l— CL O Ф z Metamorphosed volcaniclastic sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks associated with Hyco Formation: upper portion ca. 616- 612 Ma(Wortman, etal., 2000; Bowman, 2010; and Bradley and Miller, 2011) Zhe/pl Zhime/pl Zhel Zhdlt (u) C n Ш ю ■-% m тз g- o’ - 1 Ф Ш o' 3 </> c 3 з' INTRODUCTION The Goldston 7.5-minute Quadrangle is in the east central-portion of the North Carolina Piedmont with the unincorporated communities of Goldston, Gulf and Carbonton within the quadrangle. The local transportation corridor of US HWY 421 is in the northeast portion of the quadrangle and SR 42 in the southeast portion. The Deep River, a major tributary of the Cape Fear river basin, controls the drainage in the quadrangle. In the northern portion of the quadrangle the Little Bear Creek and Bear Creek drain to the northeast into the nearby Rocky river. The central and southern portion of the quadrangle drains directly into the Deep River from the south flowing Indian Creek, Little Indian Creek, Cedar Creek and the north flowing Smiths Creek, Little Pocket Creek, Pocket Creek and Patterson Creek and several unnamed tributaries. Natural exposures of crystalline and Triassic rocks primarily occur along these named and unnamed tributaries. Rock exposure at rock cuts, ridges, resistant finned-shaped outcrops and pavement outcrops locally occur outside of drainages. The elevations in the map area range from approximately 500 feet above sea level near the township of Goldston to approximately 200 feet along the Deep River that flows towards the east in the central portion of the quadrangle. Geologic Background Pre-Mesozoic crystalline rocks in the Goldston Quadrangle are part of the redefined Hyco Arc (Hibbard et al., 2013) within the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian Carolina terrane (Hibbard et al., 2002; and Hibbard et al., 2006). In the region of the map area, the Carolina terrane can be separated into two lithotectonic units: 1) the Hyco Arc and 2) the Aaron Formation of the redefined Virgilina sequence (Hibbard et al., 2013). The Hyco Arc consists of the Hyco Formation which include ca. 633 to 612 Ma (Wortman et al., 2000; Bowman, 2010; Bradley and Miller, 2011) metamorphosed layered volcaniclastic rocks and plutonic rocks. Available age dates (Wortman et al., 2000; Bradley and Miller, 2011) indicate the Hyco Formation may tentatively be divided into lower (ca. 630 Ma) and upper (ca. 615 Ma) portions with an apparent intervening hiatus of magmatism. In northeastern Chatham County, Hyco Formation units are intruded by the ca. 579 Ma (Tadlock and Loewy, 2006) East Farrington pluton and associated West Farrington pluton. The Aaron Formation consists of metamorphosed layered volcaniclastic rocks with youngest detrital zircons of ca. 588 and 578 Ma (Pollock et al., 2010 and Samson et al., 2001, respectively). Hibbard et al. (2013) interprets an at least 24 million year unconformity between the Aaron and underlying Hyco Formation. The southern portion of the quadrangle is underlain by Triassic-aged sedimentary rocks of the Deep River Mesozoic basin which is separated into three sub-basins (Durham, Sanford, and Wadesboro). The Colon cross structure (Campbell and Kimball, 1923 and Reinemund, 1955), partially located within the quadrangle, is a constriction zone in the basin characterized by crystalline rocks overprinted by complex brittle faulting. The Colon cross-structure marks the transition between the Durham and Sanford sub-basins. The Goldston Quadrangle contains the Triassic-aged units from oldest to youngest of the Pekin, Cumnock and Sanford Formations of the Sanford sub-basin. Detailed descriptions of the Triassic sediments are provided in Reinemund (1955) and a detailed comparison of the Durham and Sanford sub-basins is provided in Clark et al. (2001). Dikes of Jurassic aged diabase intrudes both the Triassic sediments and crystalline rocks in the map area. Quaternary aged alluvium is present in most major drainages. Folds The Hyco Arc and Aaron Formation lithologies were folded and subjected to low grade metamorphism during the ca. 578 to 554 Ma (Pollock, 2007; Pollock et al., 2010) Virgilina deformation (Glover and Sinha, 1973; Harris and Glover, 1985; Harris and Glover, 1988; and Hibbard and Samson, 1995). In the map area, original layering of Hyco and Aaron Formation lithologies are observed ranging from shallowly to steeply dipping and are interpreted to be a result of open to tight folds that are locally overturned. Preliminary stereogram analyses of data from two map scale synclines in the nearby Coleridge Quadrangle (Bradley et al, 2018), appears to indicate the presence of folds ranging from gentle to open. Subsequent domain analyses of primary bedding and layering in Hyco Formation and Aaron Formation units outside of the two synclines, indicate folds range from tight to open with the majority of the folds within the tight to close range. In general, it appears that the Hyco Formation and older portions of the Aaron Formation are more tightly folded compared to the Aaron Formation in the identified synclines in the Coleridge Quadrangle. This apparent range from gentle to tight folds is not well understood and may indicate: 1) normal disharmonic folding due to competency differences between units or 2) indicate that the younger units within the synclines in Coleridge are more appropriately assigned to the Albemarle Arc lithologies and were deposited above an angular unconformity. More investigation is needed. Locally, metamorphic foliations are present with shallow dips (less than 50 degrees). These areas with shallow dipping foliation are often associated with intense sericitization and foliation parallel quartz veining. This relationship is identical to deformation observed within the Bear Creek Quadrangle (Bradley et al., 2019) in the vicinity of the Glendon fault (approximately 5 miles on-strike to the southwest). These shallow dipping foliations are interpreted to be associated with local deformation and folding along interpreted high angle reverse faults similar to the Glendon fault. Faults The map area has localized evidence of deformation associated with high angle reverse faults like the Glendon Fault in the nearby Bear Creek Quadrangle (Bradley et al., 2019). These areas are identified based on shallow dipping foliations and hydrothermally altered rock. Abundant evidence of brittle faulting at the outcrop-scale, map-scale, and large-scale lineaments (as interpreted from hillshade LiDAR data) are present in the map area. Brittle faulting and lineaments are interpreted to be associated with Mesozoic extension. Significant brittle faults within the quadrangle include the Indian Creek Fault, Gulf Fault, and the Deep River Fault. Past Work Reinemund (1955), is an important work, that has laid the foundation for the geology within the Triassic basin. For this mapping effort, Reinemund’s maps were georeferenced to a digital elevation model from Hillshade LiDAR. Geologic contacts within the Triassic basin were digitized and modified if needed. Most of the geology south of the Deep River within the Triassic basin was digitized as presented by Reinemund. The map area is located within the study area of Green et al. (1982), Abdelzahir (1978), and Green (1977). Their studies documented the presence of an overlapping series of metavolcanic and metavolcaniclastic lithologies sourced from distinct areas. Mineral Resources Clay Products The red claystones of the Pekin and Sanford Formations continue to supply area brick manufactures raw material. In the 1950’s, it was reported that 6 brick and tile producers were active in the map and nearby areas (Reinemund, 1955). It has been and continues to be an important location for clay products. Several abandoned and active clay pits are present in the map and are identified. The former Boren and Pomona clay pits within the Goldston Quadrangle are well known for their abundance of Triassic aged plant, invertebrate and vertebrate fossils. Representative species are summarized by Olsen et al. (1991). Coal Deposits Coal has been mined within the map area since before the Revolutionary War - ca. 1750’s. Reinemund (1955) estimates the total production in the Deep River Coal Field exceeded 1 million tons. Most of the production was from two mines with extensive underground workings - the Carolina Mine and the Cumnock (also known as the Egypt) Mine. Reinemund (1955) provides an extensive review of the coal deposits and geology of the Deep River Coal Field. Oil and Gas Potential Natural gas exploration wells have been drilled within the quadrangle and are indicated on the map. A summary of the natural gas potential of the Sanford sub-basin is provided in Reid et al. (2011). A compilation map showing seismic lines, drill holes and hydrocarbon shows is provided in Reid et al. (2010). An overview of the Triassic rift / lacustrine basins, their hydrocarbon potential in North Carolina, a regulatory framework overview and data access information can be found in Reid et al. (2018). Quaternary Deposits Quaternary deposits in the Goldston Quadrangle were previously mapped by Reinemund (1955), along with bedrock mapping; however, the mapping was conducted prior to 1:24,000 topographic map availability. The Quaternary mapping for this project utilized digital county soil survey parent material maps (Soil Survey Staff, 2019), high resolution LiDAR surface topography, data from Reinemund (1955), and new field observations (outcrops and hand augers). The Quaternary fluvial sediments were divided into 3 map units (modern floodplain and two terrace levels), similar in concept to mapping by Reinemund (1955). The oldest and highest terrace deposits (Qth) contains fluvial deposits of an ancestral Deep River, which has since incised to its present level. The elevation of this terrace level ranges from as high as 350 feet asl in Moore County to 250 feet asl (eastern edge of Goldston Quadrangle), about 35 to 100 feet above the modern Deep River floodplain. There appear to be multiple terrace levels within this map unit that we chose to not differentiate because of the high degree of dissection and because lithological differences were not readily observed. Possible causes for the river’s overall incision during the Quaternary include tectonic, glacial isostatic adjustment (forebulge of Laurentide Ice Sheet) and climatic processes. The age of deposits within the high terrace unit are speculatively middle Pleistocene based on the terrace height above the modern floodplain (Mills, 2000), degree of dissection, and weathering characteristics (Suther et al., 2011). The low terrace deposits (Qtl) contain younger Deep River fluvial deposits, with terrace elevations ranging from 255 feet asl in Moore County to 225 feet asl (eastern edge of Goldston Quadrangle), about 10 to 15 feet above the modern Deep River floodplain. The age of deposits within the low terrace unit are speculatively late Pleistocene to early Holocene based the terrace height above the modern floodplain (Mills, 2000; Suther et al., 2011). In some areas, the landforms appears to be a strath terraces with thin fluvial deposits (silty to sandy; < 4 feet thick) above residuum developed in Triassic bedrock. In other areas, the terrace may be the cut-and-fill variety, but thicknesses are unknown without test cores. Deposits on the modern (Holocene) floodplain (Qal) consist mainly of silt loam to silty clay loam where exposed along the Deep River or its tributaries in the Triassic Basin. Fine to medium sand occurs in points bars and river channels, along smaller creeks in crystalline terrain (where it can be gravelly) and likely at depth from reworking of Pleistocene and older sediments. Along the Deep River valley, the modern floodplain ranges in elevation from about 240 feet asl (Moore County) to 215 feet asl (eastern edge of Goldston Quadrangle). This map unit likely also includes very low terraces which are blanketed by modern overbank flood deposits from times of high-water levels. DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS All pre-Mesozoic rocks in the map area have been metamorphosed to at least the chlorite zone of the greenschist metamorphic facies. Many of the rocks display a weak or strong metamorphic foliation. Although subjected to metamorphism, the rocks retain relict igneous, pyroclastic, and sedimentary textures and structures that allow for the identification of protolith rocks. As such, the prefix “meta" is not included in the nomenclature of the pre-Mesozoic rocks described in the quadrangle. Dikes of Jurassic-aged diabase intrude the crystalline rocks and Triassic sediments of the map area. Triassic-aged sediments and Jurassic diabase dikes are not metamorphosed. Quaternary aged alluvium is present in most major drainages. Map units of metavolcanic and metavolcaniclastic rocks include various lithologies that when grouped together are interpreted to indicate general environments of deposition. The dacitic lava and tuff units is interpreted to represent dacitic domes and proximal pyroclastics. The andesitic to basaltic lavas (with tuffs or conglomerates) units are interpreted to represent eruption of intermediate to mafic lava flows and associated pyroclastic and/or epiclastic deposits. The epiclastic/pyroclastic units are interpreted to represent deposition from the erosion of dormant and active volcanic highlands. Some of the metavolcaniclastic units within the map area display lithologic relationships similar to dated units present in northern Orange and Durham Counties. Due to these similarities, the metavolcanic and metavolcaniclastic units have been tentatively separated into upper and lower portions of the Hyco Formation; geochronologic data in the map area is needed to confirm this interpretation. A review of the regional lithologies is summarized in Bradley (201 3). Unit descriptions common to Bradley et al. (2019) and Hanna et al. (2015) from the Bear Creek and Siler City Northeast geologic maps, respectively were used for conformity with on strike units in neighboring quadrangles. Unit descriptions and stratigraphic correlations were maintained from adjacent mapping in Orange County (Bradley et al., 2016). The nomenclature of the International Union of Geological Sciences subcommission on igneous and volcanic rocks (IUGS) after Le Maitre (2002) is used in classification and naming of the units. The classification and naming of the rocks is based on relict igneous textures, modal mineral assemblages, or normalized mineral assemblages when whole-rock geochemical data is available. Pyroclastic rock terminology follows that of Fisher and Schminke (1984). dg Qal Qth Trs Trc Trp Jd 3 MZIamp Zdi-porp Zhel Zhime/pl — Zhable _ Zhe/pl Zhdlt (u) Sedimentary Units dg - Disturbed ground: consists of fill in highway embankments, railway embankments, and mine spoil piles, as well as areas of removed earth in mined-out-areas (former coal mines) Qal - Modern (Holocene) floodplain deposits: silt loam to silty clay loam, with fine to medium sand deposits in point bars and channels deposits in the Deep River valley; smaller tributaries in the Carolina terrane can have more sandy or gravelly alluvium; brown to gray; soft; crudely stratified; observed as much as 10 feet thick, but likely thicker in the Deep River Valley. Includes very low terraces that are periodically inundated by modern floods. Contains weak to moderately developed soil profiles. Structural measurements depicted on the map within Qal represent outcrops of crystalline rock inliers surrounded by alluvium. Qtl - Quaternary low terrace deposits: silt loam to clay loam to sand, with some gravelly zones near unit base; yellowish brown to brown; in some areas, difficult to differentiate from high levels of modern floodplain; ranges from 2 feet to several feet thick or more; some areas are strath terraces with thin terrace deposits over red, clayey residuum developed into Triassic bedrock, [this unit is similar in concept to Qg2 of Reinemund (1955)] Qth - Quaternary high terrace deposits: silt loam to sandy loam to gravelly loamy sand (up to 40% gravel); yellowish brown to reddish brown; gravel consists primarily of white, rounded to subrounded quartz pebbles, with rare cobbles; the fluvial depositional sequence generally fines upwards, with gravelly zones typically revealed along eroding slopes; total thickness of map unit is typically 2 to 10 feet; may consist of a lag deposit in strath terraces over a red, silty clay to clay residuum developed into fine¬ grained Triassic bedrock. Mapped areas may include multiple, undifferentiated high terrace levels. Contains E and Bt horizons of an Ultisol soil profile, with significant alteration extending several feet into the unit. May exhibit crude stratification or cross bedding at depth, [this unit is similar in concept to Qg3 of Reinemund (1955)] Triassic Sediments Trs - Sanford Formation: Mainly red to brown, locally purple, coarse-grained, arkosic sandstones and conglomerates. Subordinate amounts of claystone, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone (Reinemund, 1955). Trc - Cumnock Formation: Gray and black claystone, shale and siltstone. Gray sandstone. Contains beds of coal and carbonaceous (organic-rich) shale (Reinemund, 1955). Includes coal horizons. Trp - Pekin Formation: Gray, Brown to maroon, white mica bearing, interbedded mudstones, siltstones arkosic sandstones and locally conglomerates. Outcrops and boulders of float identified as part of Pekin Formation are strongly indurated compared to sediments identified as part of Chatham Group. Identified as the Pekin Formation by Reinemund (1955). Trpc - Conglomerate of the Pekin Formation: Reddish-brown to dark brown to purplish-red, irregularly bedded, poorly sorted, cobble to boulder conglomerate. Clasts are chiefly miscellaneous felsic and intermediate metavolcanic rocks and quartz. Typically present adjacent to border faults. Outcrops and boulders of float identified as part of Pekin Formation are strongly indurated compared to conglomerates identified as part of Chatham Group. Identified as the Pekin Formation-basal conglomerate by Reinemund (1955). Intrusive and Metaintrusive Units Jd - Diabase: Black to greenish-black, fine- to medium-grained, dense, consists primarily of plagioclase, augite and may contain olivine. Locally has gabbroic texture. Occurs as dikes up to 100 ft wide. Diabase typically occurs as spheriodally weathered boulders with a grayish-brown weathering rind. Red station location indicates outcrop or boulders of diabase. MZIamp - Lamprophyre (?): Gray to pinkish gray, fine- to medium-grained, exceptionally dense, with alkali-feldspar, plagioclase and amphibole. The groundmass consists of alkali feldspar and plagioclase, with alkali feldspar more abundant than plagioclase. Plagioclase crystals (greater than 1 cm) also occur are subhedral and commonly zoned. Locally, amphibole occurs in elongate slender prismatic habit (1-4 mm) and is randomly oriented. Sparse amygdules of quartz(?) up to 5 mm present locally. The rock is unmetamorphosed but may have magmatic and/or hydrothermal alteration. Occurs as dikes that are coincident with diabase. Outcrop and boulders are typically spheriodally weathered with reddish-brown weathering rind. Red square station locations mark outcrops or boulders. Zdi - porphyritic: Diorite porphyry: Mesocratic to melanocratic (CI-50-60), greenish-gray to grayish-green, fine- to medium-grained groundmass with euhedral to subhedral phenocrysts (2-12 mm) of white to pale yellow plagioclase. Major minerals include plagioclase and amphibole. Plagioclase crystals are typically sericitized and saussuritized. Amphiboles are present as small clusters and are typically altered to chlorite and actinolite masses. The unit occurs as large boulders and/or outcrop that is nonfoliated and locally it includes aphaniticto porphyritic andesite to basalt. Metavolcanic and Metavolcaniclastic Units Aaron Formation Za - Aaron Formation: Distinctive metasedimentary package that ranges from fine-grained siltstones to coarse-grained sandstones, pebbly sandstones and conglomerates. Siltstones are similar in appearance to Hyco Formation lithologies. The sandstones, pebbly sandstones and conglomerates (classified as litharenite, feldspathic litharenite and lithic feldsarenite by Harris (1984)) are distinctive and commonly contain rounded to subrounded clasts of quartz ranging from sand- to gravel¬ sized. In the sandstones, feldspar is the most prominent mineral grain; quartz varies from sparse to abundant in hand sample. Lithic clasts are typically prominent and range from sand- to gravel-size. Harris (1984), performed a detailed sedimentary study of the Aaron Formation to the immediate west of the map area. Harris (1984) interpreted the Aaron Formation to have been deposited by turbidity currents in a retrogradational submarine fan setting. Hyco Formation - Upper Portion Zhel - Epiclastic rocks and lavas: Conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. Siltstones and mudstones typically display bedding ranging from mm-scale up to 10 cm, bedding layers traceable for several feet locally, may exhibit soft sediment deformation. Locally tuffaceous with a relict vitric texture. Locally contain interbedded dacitic to basaltic lavas. Conglomerates and conglomeratic sandstones typically contain subrounded to angular clasts of dacite in a clastic matrix. Deposition interpreted as distal from volcanic center, in deep water(?), and via turbidite flows. Zhime/pl - Mixed intermediate to mafic epiclastic-pyroclastic rocks with interlayered intermediate to mafic lavas: Grayish-green to green, locally with distinctive reddish-gray or maroon to lavender coloration; metamorphosed: conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. Lithologies are locally bedded; locally tuffaceous with a cryptocrystalline-like groundmass. Siltstones are locally phyllitic. Locally contain interbedded intermediate to mafic lavas identical to the Zhable unit. Contains lesser amounts of fine- to coarse tuff and lapilli tuff with a cryptocrystalline-like groundmass. Pyroclastics, lavas, and epiclastics are mainly intermediate to mafic in composition. Minor dacitic lavas and tuffs present. Silicified and/or sericitized altered rock are locally present. Conglomerates and conglomeratic sandstones typically contain subrounded to angular clasts of andesite and basalt in a clastic matrix. Generally interpreted to have been deposited proximal to active intermediate to mafic composition volcanic centers and/or record the erosion of proximal intermediate to mafic composition volcanic centers after cessation of active volcanism. Zhable - Andesitic to basaltic lavas with interlayered epiclastic rocks: Light green, gray-green, gray, and dark gray; typically unfoliated, amygdaloidal, plagioclase porphyritic, amphibole/pyroxene porphyritic and aphanitic; metamorphosed: andesitic to basaltic lavas and shallow intrusions. Hyaloclastic texture is common and imparts a fragmental texture on some outcrops and float boulders. Contains lesser amounts of grayish-green, light green, and light gray to white; metamorphosed conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. Zhe/pl - Mixed epiclastic-pyroclastic rocks with interlayered dacitic lavas: Grayish-green to greenish-gray, locally with distinctive reddish-gray or maroon to lavender coloration; metamorphosed: conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. Lithologies are locally bedded; locally tuffaceous with a cryptocrystalline-like groundmass. Siltstones are locally phyllitic. Locally contain interbedded dacitic lavas identical to Zhdlt unit (not present in quadrangle). Contains lesser amounts of fine- to coarse tuff and lapilli tuff with a cryptocrystalline-like groundmass. Pyroclastics, lavas, and epiclastics are mainly felsic in composition. Minor andesitic to basaltic lavas and tuffs present. Silicified and/or sericitized altered rock are locally present. Conglomerates and conglomeratic sandstones typically contain subrounded to angular clasts of dacite in a clastic matrix. Portions of the Zhe/pl unit are interpreted to have been deposited proximal to active volcanic centers represented by the Zhdlt unit but are also interpreted to record the erosion of proximal volcanic centers after cessation of active volcanism. Zhdlt (u) - Dacitic lavas and tuffs of the upper portion of the Hyco Formation: Greenish-gray to dark gray, siliceous, metamorphosed: aphanitic dacite, porphyritic dacite with plagioclase phenocrysts, and flow banded dacite. Dacite with hyaloclastic textures are common. Welded and non-welded tuffs associated with the lavas include greenish-gray to grayish-green, fine tuff, coarse plagioclase crystal tuff and lapilli tuff. Locally, interlayers of immature conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone with abundant dacite clasts are present. The dacites are interpreted to have been coherent extrusives or very shallow intrusions associated with dome formation. The tuffs are interpreted as episodic pyroclastic flow deposits, air fall tuffs or reworked tuffs generated during formation of dacite domes. Wortman et al. (2000) reports an age of 615.7+3.7/-1.9 Ma U-Pb zircon date for a dacitic tuff from the unit in the Rougemont quadrangle. Zhime/pl Jd .-^Winding Creeks Quarry Zhime/pl Zhime/pl Zhable Zhable © Zhable WJRCH Zhable Zhable Zhime/pl Daurity Springs Quari Zhable Goldston ' Quarry r CGS2011 Stop 1 \gulf_l.H- bIvIDH D-li® #Trs (concealed BMDH E- ,Trc (concealed) mine BMDLL2- ep River \ mine DUMMttT-PALMER #1 BMDH E-2 BUTLE #3- \ BUTLER \ BMDH DR-2 Zhable 'iafnond mine & .Carbanton CHATHAM CO BUTLER #1 s)\ VN ’ 4 \ \ f v. T . 4 Trs) Qtl L. /XI / SIMPSON #1 Zhime/pl Zhime/pl Zhable Zhime/pl Zhable Zhime/pl Zhable REFERENCES: Geologic Map of the Goldston 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Chatham, Lee and Moore Counties, North Carolina By Aaron K. Rice, Philip J. Bradley, David A. Grimley and William B. Blocher Geologic data collected in June 2019 through May 2020. Map preparation, digital cartography and editing by Michael A. Medina, Aaron K. Rice and Philip J. Bradley 2020 by car by foot INDEX TO GEOLOGISTS TRAVERSE MAP Hillshade derived from a 20 foot LiDAR digital elevation model. Red and blue lines show paths of field traverses. Equal-Area Schmidt Net Projection of Contoured Poles to Foliation and Cleavage in Carolina Terrane Rocks Contour Interval = 2 sigma; N=247 Equal Area Schmidt Net Projection of Contoured Poles to Primary Bedding, Layering in Triassic Basin Rocks Contour Interval =2 sigma; N=327 Equal-Area Schmidt Net Projection of Contoured Poles to Primary Bedding, Layering and Welding/Compaction Foliation in Carolina Terrane Rocks Contour Interval =2 sigma; N=75 Unidirectional Rose Diagram of Joints N=439 Outer Circle = 10% Mean vector = 349° EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS CONTACTS, FAULTS, AND OTHER FEATURES . , , . . _ fault-hiqh anqle reverse -?- Identity or existence questionable, location approximate concealed contact * - - J - fold axis - inferred (anticline) diabase contact, location known inferred diabase contact U and D - - f - fold axis - inferred (syncline) present when coincident with fault , , x x --Ч - overturned fold axis - inferred (syncline) concealed diabase contact brittle fault - inferred coalbed concealed fault - lineament- lidar inferred A A' gradational contact - inferred - cross section line - surficial units contact IN CROSS SECTION contact brittle fault - fold form lines - topographic profile . . . gradational contact - lineament - lidar inferred inferred fold axis PLANAR AND LINEAR FEATURES strike and dip of bedding or layering strike and dip of bedding or layering 74 (multiple observations at one location) strike of vertical bedding or layering strike and dip of Triassic bedding (from USGS PP 246) ^ « strike and dip of foliation ГЦ p84 strike and dip of foliation (multiple observations at one location) shear foliation (multiple observations at one location) dike orientation strike and dip of cleavage strike and dip of cleavage (multiple observations at one location) lamprophyre 41 . 87 fault plane axial surface 1 > strike and dip of inclined joint strike and dip of inclined joint surface 68 (multiple observations at one location) strike of vertical joint strike of vertical joint surface (multiple observations at one location) bearing and plunge of crenulation lineation clast lineation fold hinge observation station location diabase station location horizontal Triassic bedding (from USGS PP 246) indicates location of vuggy and/or massive quartz PROSPECTS, QUARRIES AND OTHER FEATURES BMDH D-1 CLY Brick Clay ^ Clay Pit-brick clay, active (DEQ, DEMLR permitted mines database) CLY Clay Pit-brick clay, abandoned, (DEQ, DEMLR permitted mines database) CLY 1-4 ^ Pomona and Boren Clay Pit, abandoned, (DEQ, DEMLR permitted mines database, aerial photography) CLY 5 - 8 Chatham Brick and Tile Clay Pit, abandoned, (DEQ, DEMLR permitted mines database, aerial photography) X Coal X Coal pits - abandoned (Reinemund, 1955) 1 Gulf Mine - abandoned 2 Black Diamond Mine - abandoned 3 ’K' Deep River Mine - abandoned Other: Prospect and Gravel Pit X Prospect pit - commodity unknown ^ Gravel pit - abandoned Crushed stone or other Daurity Springs Quarry - crushed stone, active in May 2020 (DEQ, DEMLR permitted mines database) 'X' Goldston Quarry - crushed stone, active as sales yard in May 2020 (DEQ, DEMLR permitted mines database) ^ Winding Creeks Quarry - crushed stone, inactive in January 2020 (DEQ, DEMLR permitted mines database) 'X' Old Quarry-stone, abandoned (Reinemund, 1955) - three locations Abandoned Quarry - crushed stone (USGS historic topographic map and this study) О 2011 Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Stops Diamond Drill Hole (Reinemund, 1955) TT Oil and Natural Gas Test Well - Ex. Butler #1, #2, #3; Simpson #1, Dummitt-Palmer#1 SDG 79° 22' 30" 35° 37' 30" 0 ffiu 84 © 79° 15' 00" 35°37' 30" This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program under StateMap award number G19AC00235, 2019. This map and explanatory information is submitted for publication with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental use. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. This is an Open File Map. It has been reviewed internally for conformity with North Carolina Geological Survey mapping standards and with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Further revisions or corrections to this Open File map may occur. Acknowledgments: This work was supported in part by the Illinois State Geological Survey, University of Illinois (with contributions to terrace mapping by David A. Grimley). Field data collection assistance by James Chapman (NCGS) and Dwain Veach (NCGS). Goldston Base Map Information: Base map is from USGS 2019 GeoPDF of the Goldston 7.5- minute quadrangle. Air photo, map collar and select features removed. Bounds of GeoPDF based on 7.5-minute grid projection in UTM 17S; North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). Abdelzahir, A.M., 1978, The geology of the Carolina slate belt, northern Moore County, North Carolina, unpublished M.S. thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 67 p. Allmendinger, R. W., Cardozo, N. C., and Fisher, D., 2013, Structural Geology Algorithms: Vectors and Tensors: Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 289 pp. Bowman, J.D., 2010, The Aaron Formation: Evidence for a New Lithotectonic Unit in Carolinia, North Central North Carolina, unpublished M.S. thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 116 p. Bradley, P.J., and Miller, B.V., 2011, New geologic mapping and age constraints in the Hyco Arc of the Carolina terrane in Orange County, North Carolina: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 43, No. 2. Bradley, P.J., 2013, The Carolina terrane on the west flank of the Deep River Basin in the northern Piedmont of North Carolina - A Status Report, in Hibbard, J.P and Pollock, J.C. editors, 2013, One arc, two arcs, old arc, new arc: The Carolina terrane in central North Carolina, Carolina Geological Society field trip guidebook, pp. 139-151. Bradley, P.J., Hanna, H.D., Gay, N.K., Stoddard, E.F., Bechtel, R., Phillips, C.M., and Fuemmeler, S. J, 2016, Geologic map of Orange County, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open-file Report 2016-05, scale 1 :50,000, in color. Bradley, P.J, Peach, B.T. and Hanna, H.D., 2018, Geologic map of the Chatham County portion of the Coleridge 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Chatham and Randolph Counties, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open-file Report 2018-03, scale 1:24,000, in color. (Supersedes Open-file Report 2016-11). Bradley, P.J., Rice, A.K. and Peach, B.T., 2019, Geologic map of the Bear Creek 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Chatham and Moore counties, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open-file Report 2019-06, scale 1:24,000, in color. (Supersedes Open-file Report 2018-08) Campbell, M.R., and Kimball, K.W., 1923, The Deep River coal field of North Carolina: North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey Bulletin 33, 95 p. Cardozo, N., and Allmendinger, R. W., 2013, Spherical projections with OSXStereonet: Computers and Geosciences, v. 51, no. 0, p. 193 - 205, doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.07.021 Clark, T.W., Gore, P.J., and Watson, M.E., 2001, Depositional and structural framework of the Deep River Triassic basin, North Carolina, in Hoffman, C.W., ed. Field Trip Guidebook for the 50th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Section, Geological Society of America, Raleigh, North Carolina, p. 27-50. (re-printed in Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook 2011) Fisher, R.V., and Schmincke H.-U., 1984, Pyroclastic rocks, Berlin, West Germany, Springer-Verlag, 472 p. Glover, L., and Sinha, A., 1973, The Virgilina deformation, a late Precambrian to Early Cambrian (?) orogenic event in the central Piedmont of Virginia and North Carolina, American Journal of Science, Cooper v. 273-A, pp. 234-251 . Green, G., 1977, The geology of the slate belt rocks of the Goldston and Bear Creek quadrangles, North Carolina, unpublished M.S. thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 68 p. Green, G., Cavaroc, V., Stoddard, E., Abdelzahir, A., 1982, Volcanic and volcaniclastic facies in a part of the slate belt of North Carolina, In: Bearce, D., Black, W., Kish, S., Tull, J. (Eds.), Tectonic studies in the Talladega and Carolina slate belts, Southern Appalachian Orogen. Geological Society of America Special Paper, vol. 191, pp.109- 124. Hanna, H.D., Bradley, P.J., and Bechtel, R., 2015, Geologic Map of the Siler City NE 7.5 Minute Quadrangle, Chatham County, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open-file Report 2015-02, scale 1 :24,000, in color. Harris, C.W., 1984, Coarse-grained submarine-fan deposits of magmatic arc affinity in the late Precambrian Aaron Formation, North Carolina, U.S.A., Precambrian Research, 26, pp. 285-306. Harris, C., and Glover, L., 1985, The Virgilina deformation: implications of stratigraphic correlation in the Carolina slate belt, Carolina Geological Society field trip guidebook, 36 P- Harris, C., and Glover, 1988, The regional extent of the ca. 600 Ma Virgilina deformation: implications of stratigraphic correlation in the Carolina terrane, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, pp. 200-217. Hibbard, J., and Samson, S., 1995, Orogenesis exotic to the lapetan cycle in the southern Appalachians, In, Hibbard, J., van Staal, C., Cawood, P. editors, Current Perspectives in the Appalachian- Caledonian Orogen. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, v. 41, pp. 191-205. Hibbard, J., Stoddard, E.F., Secor, D., Jr., and Dennis, A., 2002, The Carolina Zone: Overview of Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic peri-Gondwanan terranes along the eastern flank of the southern Appalachians: Earth Science Reviews, v. 57, n. 3/4, p. 299-339. Hibbard, J. P., van Staal, C. R., Rankin, D. W., and Williams, H., 2006, Lithotectonic map of the Appalachian Orogen, Canada-United States of America, Geological Survey of Canada, Map-2096A. 1:1, 500, 000-scale. Hibbard, J.P., Pollock, J.C., and Bradley, P.J., 2013, One arc, two arcs, old arc, new arc: An overview of the Carolina terrane in central North Carolina, Carolina Geological Society field trip guidebook, 265 p. Le Maitre, R.W., Ed., 2002, Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 252 p. Mills, H.H., 2000, Apparent increasing rates of stream incision in the eastern United States during the late Cenozoic. Geology, v. 28; no. 1 0; p. 955-957. Olsen, P. E., Froelich, A J., Daniels, D. L., Smoot, J. P., and Gore, P. J. W., 1991, Rift basins of early Mesozoic age, in Horton, W., ed., Geology of the Carolinas, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, p. 142-170. Pollock, J. C., 2007, The Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the peri-Gondwanan margin of the Appalachian orogen: an integrated geochronological, geochemical and isotopic study from North Carolina and Newfoundland. Unpublished PhD dissertation, North Carolina State University, 194 p. Pollock, J.C., Hibbard, J.P., and Sylvester, P.J., 201 0, Depositional and tectonic setting of the Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic rocks of the Virgilina sequence and Albemarle Group, North Carolina: in Tollo, R.P, Bartholomew, M.J., Hibbard, J.P, and Karabinos, P.M., eds., From Rodinia to Pangea: The Lithotectonic Record of the Appalachian Region: Geological Society of America Memoir 206, p. 739-772. Reid, Jeffrey C., Taylor, Kenneth B., and Cumberbatch, N.S., 2010, Digital compilation map Sanford sub-basin, Deep River basin, parts of Lee, Chatham and Moore Counties, North Carolina [Seismic lines, drill hole locations, geologic units (from Reinemund, 1955), hydrocarbon shows (gas, oil asphaltic - or combination), and %Ro in wells- Area within dotted line inferred extent of %Ro greater than or equal to 0.8]: North Carolina Geological Survey, Open-file report 2010-07. Reid, Jeffrey C. and Taylor, Kenneth B., with contributions by Olsen, Paul E., and Patterson, III, O.F., 2011, "Natural Gas Potential of the Sanford sub-basin, Deep River basin, North Carolina," 57p., in Taylor, Kenneth B. and Jeffrey C. Reid, editors, “Field Trip Guidebook - 60th Annual Meeting," Southeastern Section, Geological Society of America, Wilmington, North Carolina, March 2011 . Note: updated and revised version of this field trip guidebook was prepared for the 2011 annual meeting of the Eastern Section, AAPG and is available as AAPG Search and Discovery Article #10366 at URL http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2011/10366reid/ndx_reid.pdf . Reid, Jeffrey C.; Milici, Robert C., and Coleman, James L., Jr., 2018, Mesozoic rift basins - Onshore North Carolina and south-central Virginia, U.S.A.: Deep River and Dan River total petroleum systems (TPS) and assessment units (AU) for continuous gas accumulation, and the Cumberland-Marlboro 'basin’, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey, Special Publication 12, 24p. - Link to publication: https://www.nc-maps.com/ncsppu910and.html Reinemund, J.A., 1955, Geology of the Deep River coal field, North Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 246, 1 59 p. Samson, S.D., Secor, D.T, and Hamilton, M.A., 2001, Wandering Carolina: Tracking exotic terranes with detrital Zircons, GSAAbstracts with Programs Vol. 33, No. 6, p. A-263. Soil Survey Staff, 2019, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database for Chatham, Lee, and Moore Counties, North Carolina. Available online. Accessed December 2019. Suther, B.E., Leigh D.S., and G.A. Brook, 2011. Fluvial terraces of the Little River Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, v. 48, no.2, p. 73-93. Tadlock, K.A., and Loewy, S.L., 2006, Isotopic characterization of the Farrington pluton: constraining the Virgilina orogeny, in Bradley, P.J., and Clark, T.W., editors, The Geology of the Chapel Hill, Hillsborough and Efland 7.5-minute Quadrangles, Orange and Durham Counties, Carolina Terrane, North Carolina, Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook for the 2006 annual meeting, pp. 17-21. Wortman, G.L., Samson, S.D., and Hibbard, J.P., 2000, Precise U-Pb zircon constraints on the earliest magmatic history of the Carolina terrane, Journal of Geology, v. 108, pp. 321-338. no vertical exaggeration for bedrock units Qal, Qth and Qtl thickness exaggerated to be visible Qth and Qtl not differentiated Equal-Area Schmidt Net Projections and Rose Diagram Plots and calculations created using Stereonet v. 10.2.0 based on Allmendinger etal. (2013) and Cardozo and Allmendinger (2013). 35° 30' 00" 79c22' 30" Altered by the North Carolina Geological Survey for use with map. Produced by the United States Geological Survey North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84). Projection and 1 000-meter grid:Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 1 7S This map is not a legal document. Boundaries may be generalized for this map scale. Private lands within government reservations may not be shown. Obtain permission before entering private lands. Imagery . NAIP, June 2016 - November 2016 Roads . U.S. Census Bureau, 2016 Names . GNIS, 1980 - 2019 Hydrography . National Hydrography Dataset, 1899 - 2018 Contours . National Elevabon Dataset, 2008 Boundaries . .Multiple sources: see metadata file 2017 - 2018 Wetlands . FWS National Wetlands Inventory 1983 35°30' 00" 79° 1 5' 00" ROAD CLASSIFICATION Expressway Secondary Hwy Ramp Local Connector Local Road 4WD I Interstate Route US Route State Route GOLDSTON, NC 2019 unnamed high-angle reverse fault Goldston Indian Creek Carbonton Rd. Fault / / Qal, Qth, Qtl undifferentiated Gulf Fault Deep QaF Qtl River undifferentiated GOVERNORS Deep River NC HWY CREEK FAULT Fault 42 Jd j -O’ — 1500' - -3000' Bear Qal Creek -3000' - Zhime/pl Indian Creek Goldston Glendon Rd. u, Zhable Zhime/pl © ^ 67 у/ ~//. 81 ,лу ■ '81 „ Zhdlt (u) Ш Zhdlt (u) IM Zhime/pi Zhel tim mu iwi in" 'f85 №11 I"» \l I"" Zhime/pl Zhime/pl w *■ 2f 8*52' 159 VILS 1 ==i 1000 0°S9~ 17 VILS 1000 LTV GRID AND 201S MAGNETIC \DRTH DECL NATION AT CENTER OP SHEET 1000 — F= 2000 SCALE 1:24 000 0 KILOMETERS 0 METERS 0 — I. j- I i — .MILES 3000 — y — 4000 =i - sooo - F= 1 v " 1000 6000 =1 - 2000 7000 8000 =i — 9000 FEET CONTOUR INTERVAL 1 0 FEET NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 This map was produced to conform with the Nabonal Geospabal Program US Topo Product Standard, 201 1 . A metadata file associated with this product is draft version 0.6.18 10000 QUADRANOUi LOCATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Siler City 2 Siler City NE 3 Pittsboro 4 Bear Creek 5 Colon 6 Putnam 7 White Hill 8 Sanford ADJOINING QUADRANGLES Geologic Map of the Goldston 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Chatham, Lee and Moore Counties, North Carolina NCGS Open File Report 2020-06