Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Gold Sand, Centerville, Castalia, and Justice 7.5-minute quadrangles, Franklin, Nash, Warren, and Halifax Counties, North Carolina

Nash Guiltily Franklin County Gold Sand quadrangle Centerville quadrangle EAST NC Ilwv. 56 NC 561 Macon Fault Sandy Cr. A ¥■ <■ Macon Mylonite Zone A' — sea level sea level — - -2500 ft. -2500 ft. ^ Bunn ► Castalia plulon Gupton pluton Spring Hope (erratic cross St scale 1: no vertical e granitoid Franklin County Nash County Justice quadrangle Castalia quadrangle Pig Basket Cr. EAST Hear Swamp Buck Swamp Big Peachtree Cr. Cypress Cr. 1 WEST ' ' B' ' ' ' ' ' ' в /ГК x TV x V X X X x X X X X X X X X V X X — sea level V Y .■ ■. CZmgs X X X sea level X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X > “» Л PPgd X X / X X Jd ■. 4 X X p№ X Jd x >r x Y V X v I X X X X X X X X X , CZmmv :Zfmv CZmmv A. A A A \ X X X X X X X - 2.500 ft. Zmmv CZfmv CZfmv. CZfmv V \ Y Y x x / -2,500 ft. — CZfmv \ у V V Yf / £ fv! YL X X •. .* i J. INTRODUCTION AND PREVIOUS MAPPING METAMORPIHC ROCKS OF THE SPRING HOPE TERRANE This preliminary' bedrock geologic map covers four 7.5-minute quadrangles in the northeastern Piedmont of North Carolina. These are the Gold Sand, Centerville, Castalia, and Justice quadrangles. The map area includes a significant portion of Franklin County, and successively smaller portions of Nash, Warren, and Halifax Counties. The map area includes rocks of two major Piedmont terranes, the Spring Hope terrane representing suprastructural elements of a Neoproterozoic volcanic arc, and the infrastructural Raleigh terrane (Hibbard and others, 2002). In the map area, the Macon fault separates these two terranes; abundant evidence of dextral shear may be found along this fault and within its associated shear zone. Spring Hope terrane rocks are metasedimentary and metavolcanic in origin, and have been metamorphosed to greenschist, amphibolite, and hornblende hornfels facies (e.g. Boltin and Stoddard, 1987). Raleigh terrane rocks are schists and gneisses of less clear origin, all metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. About fifty percent of the map area is underlain by late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) granitoid rocks representing several plutons of the Rolesville batholith. in addition, Jurassic dikes of olivine diabase are common in the area, most striking north-northwest. Within the map area, detailed mapping at a scale of 1:24,000 has been done only for the northern portion ofthe Gold Sand quadrangle, under EDMAP (Fuemmeler, 2004). Mapping of the Castalia pluton at the 1:1 00.000 scale was completed by Julian (1970), and subsequent mapping of the Rolesville batholith. including the Castalia pluton, was done by Speer (unpublished) as part of a regional radon assessment. Speer (1994) presented a map showing some granitoid plutons of the batholith. and describing some of their constituent facies. Clark (1992) mapped granite and a zone of country rock through the western Justice quadrangle. A general geological map of Nash County was completed at a scale of 1: 100,000 by Wilson and Spence (1979). McDaniel (1980) mapped a multi-county region that includes the Franklin and Warren County portion of the area at a scale of 1: 100.000. These two projects were done in preparation for the Geological Map ofNorth Carolina (NC Geological Survey, 1985). Parker ( 1968) defined the structural frame¬ work ofthe region. Farrar (1985a, b) mapped the entire eastern Piedmont ofNorth Carolina, defined map units for the region, and proposed a model for the tectonic evolution ofthe region that has held up remarkably well. Adjacent to the field area. 1 :24.000-scale mapping has been done for the Bunn East quadrangle under COGEOMAP (Stoddard, 1992), and for the Hollister quadrangle (Boltin, 1985). Stetler (1997) mapped the southern portion of the Spring Hope quadrangle. Sacks ( 1996a, b, c, d) mapped a strip of four 7.5-munte quadrangles along the Virginia-North Carolina border, to the north and along strike of the field area. Stanley ( 1978) examined quartz-rich rocks in the region, and interpreted them as unusual quartz arenites; his study includes a regional geologic map including mapping from Spence and Cavaroc (unpublished). Corbitt (1987) and Waltman (1985) completed studies of aspects of mineralization and country rocks at the Portis Gold Mine in northeasternmost Franklin County. Metavolcanic Units CZfmv: felsic metavolcanic rocks: Includes distinctive bluish, gray, or white weathering, thinly layered and locally strongly fissile fine-grained rocks consisting predominantly of very strongly recrystallized mosaic matrix of very fine quartz + sodic plagioclase +/- microcline grains. Relict phenocrysts of plagioclase and rare quartz are present. Biotite and white mica may be present but are sparse; banding is locally defined by biotite. Rock is distinctively hornfelsic near granite plutons. Common metamorphic minerals, especially in hornfels zone, include Ca-amphibole, Mn-Fe garnet, and magnetite; these minerals may occur in clusters, suggesting they are pseudomorphous after mafic phenocrysts or possibly amygdules. Chemical data from adjacent Bunn East quad (Stoddard, 1 993) indicate that the rocks are dacitic. Interpreted to be pyroclastic or lava in origin. These rocks also occur in abundance as country rock enclaves along the contact between the Castalia and Gupton plutons in the Justice quad. Also includes light colored, generally fine grained and phyllitic to schistose rocks consisting of white mica, quartz, feldspar(s), chlorite, and rare biotite and epidote. Commonly contain relict phenocrysts of quartz (typically showing beta morphology) as well as sodic plagioclase, and/or white to beige and typically flattened lapilli. Interpreted as crystal- and crystal-1 ithic tuff. Chemical and petrographic data from the Bunn East quad (1993) indicate that at least some of these rocks are rhyodacitic in composition, and locally have relict K-feldspar phenocrysts. Zircons from felsic crystal tuff in the Bunn East quad have yielded a preliminary U-Pb upper intercept crystallization age of 590 +/- 3 Ma (Goldberg, 1994). Also includes rare intermediate metavolcanic rocks, mineralogically similar to felsic varieties but with a higher percentage of epidote and/or biotite, taking on a darker hue or a salt-and-pepper appearance. Centerville, n=198 eZfmv E-iud CZmmv: mafic metavolcanic rocks: Includes massive fine to medium-grained epidote + chlorite + actinolite + albite greenstone; chlorite phyllite and schist; weakly to non-foliated, medium to coarse-grained amphibolite consisting of hornblende and intermediate plagioclase, with or without epidote/clinozoisite and Fe-Ti oxide minerals; and metabasalt with relict igneous texture and common quartz +/- epidote amygdules. In the zone of hornfels adjacent to the granite plutons, mafic metavolcanics are typically fine to medium-grained, dense unfoliated rocks consisting of hornblende (and/or actinolite), epidote (or clinozoisite), plagioclase, titanite, Fe-Ti oxide minerals, and locally quartz and/or chlorite. Plagioclase may be twinned or untwinned. In thin section, both amphibole and plagioclase may be optically zoned, perhaps indicating metamorphic reactions resulting from thermal metamorphism following a lower temperature regional event. Locally mafic hornfels may be strongly banded, with darker amphibole and/or epidote-rich bands alternating with lighter-colored bands. An exposure of unusual mafic hornfels about one mile north of Centerville contains mineral assemblages with multiple amphiboles, including cummingtonite, together with garnet, biotite, Fe-Ti oxide minerals, and Ca-rich plagioclase (see Stoddard and others, 1987). Mafic metavolcanic rocks also occur as enclaves along the Castalia - Gupton pluton contact in the Justice quad. t CZmmv HYDROTHERMAL UNIT qrx: quartz rock and quartz breccia: Sizable accumulations of milky and/or smoky quartz, commonly with vuggy crystals. Possibly related to quartz mineralization along brittle fracture zones or faults. On the basis of such quartz occurrences, two short fault segments are inferred, one trending N80W in the northwest Gold Sand quad, and one trending N60E in the north-central Castalia quad. In addition, two large occurrences of qrx are shown within the Castalia pluton in the Justice quad. Yellow diamond indicates isolated outcrop or major float occurrence. / . / Metasedimentary Units INTRUSIVE UNITS CZmgs - undivided metasedimentary rocks: Predominantly metagraywacke and metasiltstone. Also includes minor metamudstone and metaconglomerate. Metagraywacke may be massive or poorly bedded. Typically shows good relict clastic texture of medium sand to silt-sized grains of sericitized feldspar and quartz. Metamorphic biotite and epidote are common in the matrix, as is white mica. As overall grain size decreases, white mica increases in abundance. Fine opaque mineral grains are common. In addition to the minerals listed above, Corbitt ( 1 987) describes chlorite, garnet, allanite, zircon, and tourmaline in metagraywackes from the Portis Mine cores. Graded bedding and scour-and-fill structures were observed in outcrop, and have also been reported by Waltman (1985) and Corbitt ( 1987) in the eastern Centerville quad, as well as by Boltin (1985) in the southwestern Hollister quad immediately to the northeast of the map area. Where stratigraphic facing direction could be inferred, beds appear to be upright in every case. Quartzose rocks which may be called fine metasandstone or impure quartzite are also present, and may be interlayered with white mica phyllite. Locally contain biotite and/or garnet, and locally may be feldspathic. Commonly thinly bedded or laminated; locally may show graded bedding. These quartzose rocks include magnetite quartzite, biotite quartzite, and amphibole quartzite, and may be, at least in part, derived from altered and silicified felsic or intermediate metavolcanic rocks. Intrusive sills and dikes, now metadiorite and metabasalt, as well as minor volcanic layers occur within this map unit, but are too small to show on the map. In a study utilizing rock cores from the Portis Gold Mine, Waltman (1985) describes intrusions of quartz diorite and quartz keratophyre that are associated with mineralized quartz veins and metagraywacke. Waltman (1985) and Corbitt (1987) also describe rocks interpreted as metamorphosed intermediate and mafic volcanic rocks interlayered with metagraywacke. There are also local exposures of granular and/or sucrosic, fine to medium-grained pure quartz rocks. These have been interpreted by Stanley ( 1 978) as metamorphosed quartz arenites resulting from residual accumulations of quartz phenocrysts weathered out of felsic volcanic rocks in pocket beach environments of the volcanic arc. However, because of a general lack of apparent primary sedimentary structures, these rocks may instead have resulted from recrystallization of zones of hydrothermal quartz alteration. Locations of some exposures of these quartz rocks are indicated on the map by yellow triangles. Also occurs in CZmmv and P*ga Jd - Diabase: Fine to medium -grained, equigranular to locally plagioclase porphyritic diabase, typically olivine-bearing. Commonly weathers to black to tan-gray, spheroidal boulders and cobbles. Occurs in vertical to steeply dipping dikes whose traces are partly inferred on the basis of linear magnetic highs. Red dot indicates isolated outcrop or float occurrence. Scatter plot of poles to S0, all quads (n=20) Unidirectional rose diagram of joints, all quads (n=256) Granitoid rocks of the Rolesville batholith GZmgs Justice, n=68 The Rolesville batholith is a large, composite granitoid intrusive complex in the Piedmont ofNorth Carolina. It is elongate parallel to the typical north -north east regional strike, and generally lies along the axial trace ofthe Wake - Warren anticlinorium. Field evidence indicates that the plutons intruded during or after the peak of regional metamorphism, and very limited radiometric age-dates indicate that the plutons crystallized and cooled during the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods (Fill lagar and Butler, 1979; Horton and Stern, 1 994; Schneider and Samson, 2001 ). Previous studies dealing with the Rolesville batholith in the area covered by this map include those of Parker (1968), Julian (1970), Becker and Farrar (1977), Farrar (1 985a, b), Clark (1992), Speer (1994), Speer and others (1994), and Speer and Hoff (1997). The map includes all or portions of four named plutons (Castalia, Gupton main, Gupton northwest, and Rolesville main). The nearly circular Castalia pluton dominates the southern half of the map area. The Gupton pluton is an elongate body that lies between the Castalia and the main portion of the batholith to the west. Mapping suggests that the Gupton consists of at least two distinct plutons - Gupton main on the southeast, and Gupton northwest. As described by Speer (1994), reentrants of country rock separate the various plutons; this map depicts five such reentrants. Beginning in the east-central Gold Sand quadrangle about one mile west-northwest of Centerville, and moving clockwise, they are: ( 1 ) the Shocco Creek reentrant, separating the Gupton northwest pluton from the Gupton main; (2) the Centerville reentrant, in the southwest Centerville quadrangle south of Centerville, separating two lobes of the Gupton main pluton (possibly indicating two plutons); (3) the Castalia reentrant in the northwest Castalia quad and northeast Justice quad, separating the Gupton from the Castalia pluton: (4) the Bunn East reentrant separating the Gupton main from the Castalia pluton to the east and from the Rolesville main pluton to the west; and (5) the Louisburg reentrant separating the Gupton northwest from the Rolesville main pluton. The map also depicts several small unnamed granitic plutons in the Gold Sand and Centerville quads. The granitic plutons on the map contain six mapped granitoid facies. Granitic pegmatite bodies are associated with all of the mapped granitoid plutons, but especially with the Gupton northwest pluton. In addition, pegmatite occurs in association with other mapped rock units, most notably in the northeastern Gold Sand and northwestern Centerville quads, where former mining activity took place along Maple Branch and several tributaries of Shocco Creek (Steel, 1952). Pegmatite outcrops are indicated on the map by open plus symbols. Castalia, n=165 / Y\ Я I ! U \ CZps - politic schist: Occurs in the northeastern Gold Sand and northwestern Centerville quadrangles. Medium to coarse-grained, light gray, silver, or maroon muscovite schist, commonly with biotite. Commonly also contains prominent porphyroblasts of staurolite and/or garnet. May be quartz-rich or quartz-poor; quartz-poor varieties locally exhibit strong crenulations. Sillimanite occurs in the Gold Sand quadrangle adjacent to the Gupton pluton (GS-541). This unit is locally mappable on the basis of residual gravel dominated by staurolite crystals, for example east of Highway 58 and west of Maple Branch in the northwestern Centerville quad (e.g. 09FCE399). Outcrops are commonly associated with intrusions of granite or pegmatite. May be stratigraphic equivalent to part of CZmgs, at higher metamorphic grade. \ \ ezps Ш1 V CZmbs - muscovite-biotite schist and semischist: Occurs in the north-central Centerville quadrangle. Fine-grained, quartzose (and possibly feldspathic?) muscovite-biotite schist, phyllite. and semi-schist or micaceous quartzite. Biotite porphyroblasts give rock a salt-and-pepper appearance. Relict bedding is suggested by layers with varying mica to quartz ratio. White mica defines the schistosity, and white mica-rich layers may be crenulated. Locally contains tiny garnets. Some exposures are fissile or slabby weathering. May be stratigraphic equivalent to part of CZmgs, at higher metamorphic grade. GZmbs т j. P*ga - granitoid facies a: Moderately K-feldspar porphyritic, medium to coarse-grained, buff weathering, white or pink and white, unfoliated biotite granite and monzogranite. Constitutes the main body of the Castalia pluton. Cl around 10. P’Cja 1 METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE RALEIGH TERRANE (Gold Sand and northwestern Justice quads) P*gb - granitoid facies b: Medium to coarse-grained, equigranular, unfoliated white, gray and pale pink biotite +/- garnet +/- muscovite granite and leucogranite. Locally contains magnetite. Cl northern and western margins of the Castalia pluton. 5-10. Occurs along ,P*gb CZfg - augen felsic gneiss: Light tan to pinkish gray, fine to medium grained, well foliated, fissile, quartz-plagioclase-K-feldspar-muscovite-biotite orthogneiss with feldspar porphyroclasts. GZfg CZsms - sillimanite museovite schist: Bluish green to gray to golden, medium-grained, moderately to well foliated muscovite schist. Locally may be strongly and chaotically crenulated. Locally carries sillimanite and/or kyanite and/or abundant small pyrite porphyroblasts. Includes quartz-muscovite schist and poorly foliated maroon-weathering muscovite schist, as well as local kyanite-quartz rock (GS-040). Commonly associated with pegmatite. P*gc - granitoid facies e: Fine to medium-grained, equigranular, unfoliated white to buff biotite granite. Constitutes the main body (southeastern portion) of the Gupton pluton. Cl = 10-15. P-gc- CZsms Scatter plot of crenulation hinges, Gold Sand quad (n=38) Scatter plot of lineafions, Centerville and Castalia quads (n=11) P*gd - granitoid facies d: Fine to coarse-grained, equigranular, locally foliated, white biotite granite and granodiorite. Cl along the eastern margin of the main body of the Rolesville batholith near the western edge of the Justice quadrangle (Bunn pluton?) 12-18. Occurs in two small well-defined regions; one internal to the Castalia pluton and the other P-3d Contoured stereonets of poles to Si foliation in each quadrangle. Contour Interval = 2% per 1% area CZbg - biotite gneiss and schist; Medium to dark gray, fine to medium grained, moderately to well foliated biotite gneiss and schist. The gneiss contains quartzofeldspathic bands with abundant feldspar augen. Unit also includes fine-grained, poorly foliated, weakly banded quartz -biotite gneiss with fewer augen. CZbg P*ge - granitoid facies e: Fine to medium-grained, non- porphyritic, locally foliated muscovite +/- garnet +/- biotite leucogranite. Ci less than 5. Occurs with profusion along the northwestern margin of the Gupton pluton, the eastern margin of the main Rolesville batholith in the northwestern Gold Sand quadrangle, and sporadically elsewhere, notably near and within pluton reentrants, intermingled with sillimanite-muscovite schist northwest of Moulton, and in the zone of mixed rocks separating the main plutons. P*ge CZms - muscovite schist: Silver)' gray to dark greenish gray, medium grained, well foliated schist with well developed button foliation interpreted as an S-C shear fabric indicating subhorizontal l ight-lateral shear sense. Varies from muscovite schist to chlorite-muscovite schist. Locally contains sillimanite and/or chloritoid (GS-337). Locally quartzofeldspathic or pyrite bearing. Contains possible pseudomorphs of white mica after andalusite in at least one location (GS-1 1 1). CZms P*gf - granitoid facies f: Fine to coarse-grained, unfoliated to strongly foliated, locally K-feldspar porphyritic, white muscovite +/- garnet +/- biotite leucogranite and leucogranitic gneiss. Cl less than 5. Locally contains abundant enclaves of gneiss and schist, as well as numerous dikes and pods of pegmatite or aplite. Locally carries evidence of ductile and/or brittle deformation. Constitutes the northwestern portion ofthe Gupton pluton. GZmxg - mixed gneiss: Mixed unit consisting of (1 ) felsic, tannish pink to gray, fine to medium grained, well foliated, fissile, plagiocIase-K-feldspar-quartz-muscovite-biotite orthogneiss with local feldspar augen and (2) dark greenish gray to black, fine to medium grained, poorly to moderately foliated amphibolite with local chlorite and actinolite. May also contain biotite gneiss or biotite-muscovite schist. Commonly occurs with granite, foliated granite, or leucogranite. eZmxg EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS CONTACTS, FOLDS AND OTHER FEATURES ROCKS OF UNCERTAIN AFFINITY (Justice and Gold Sand quads) Louisburg pluton of Rolesville batholith Lithologic contacts - Distribution and concentration of structural symbols indicates degree of reliability. CZegs - country rock enclaves of gneiss and schist: Along with metavolcanic rocks, these rocks occur as enclaves (primarily xenoliths) within granite plutons and as trains defining septa along the contacts between granite plutons. Includes biotite schist, muscovite schist, biotite gneiss, amphibolite, and granitic gneiss. GZegs A D fault - location inferred D- downthrown U - up thrown in cross section: T- towards observer A - away from observer contact - location inferred T u REFERENCES inferred fold hinge of large scale overturned syncline thrust fault - location inferred _ A A A A A ft Becker, S. W., and S. S. Farrar, 1977, The Rolesville batholith, in Costain, J.K., Glover, L., Ill, and Sinha, A. K., eds.. Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States: U. S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service VPI&SU-5 103-3, p. A53-A77. Boltin, W.R. 1985, Geology of the Hollister 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, Warren and Halifax counties, North Carolina: Metamorphic transition in the Eastern slate belt: [M.S. thesis]. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 87 p. Boltin, W. R., and E. F. Stoddard, 1987, Transition from Eastern Slate belt to Raleigh belt in the Hollister area, eastern North Carolina Piedmont: Southeastern Geology, v. 27, p. 185-205. Clark, T. W., 1992, Evidence for Multiple Intrusions in the Castalia Pluton, North Carolina: First Annual N. C. State University Undergraduate Research Symposium http://www.ncsu.edu/ugrs/2008_Spring/past_win.htm Corbitt, C. L., 1987, Petrography and geochemistry of the metasedimentary/metavolcanic host rocks and associated gold deposits at the Portis Gold Mine, Franklin County, North Carolina [M. S. thesis]. East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 99 p. Farrar, S.S., 1985a, Stratigraphy of the northeastern North Carolina Piedmont: Southeastern Geology, v. 25, p. 159-183. Farrar, S.S., 1985b, Tectonic evolution ofthe easternmost Piedmont, North Carolina: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, p. 362-380. Fullagar, P.D., and J. R. Butler, 1979, 325 to 265 m.y. old granitic plutons in the Piedmont of the southeastern Appalachians: American Journal of Science, v. 279, p. 161-185. Fuemmeler, S., 2004, Geologic map of the [northern half of the] Gold Sand 7.5-minute quadrangle, Franklin and Warren Counties, North Carolina [scale 1:24,000]: North Carolina Geolgical Survey Open File Map. Goldberg, S. A., 1994. U-Pb geochronology of volcanogenic terranes of the eastern North Carolina Piedmont: Preliminary results, in Stoddard, E. F., and D. E. Blake (eds.). Geology and Field Trip Guide, Western Flank of the Raleigh Metamorphic Belt, North Carolina: Carolina Geological Society Guidebook, p. 13-17. Hibbard. J. P.. E. F. Stoddard. D. T. Secor. and A. J. Dennis, 2002, The Carolina Zone: Overview of Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic peri-Gondwanan terranes along the eastern flank of the southern Appalachians: Earth Science Reviews, v. 57, p. 299-339. Horton, J. W., Jr., and T. E. Stern, 1994, Tectonic significance of preliminary uranium-lead ages from the eastern Piedmont ofNorth Carolina: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, p. 21 . Julian, E. L., 1972, The Castalia adamellite in Franklin and Nash Counties, North Carolina, and the petrogenesis of some associated aplites and pegmatites: [M. S. thesis]. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 61 p. McDaniel, R. D., 1980, Geologic map of Region K: North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development. Geological Survey Section, Open File Map NCGS 80-2 [scale 1: 100.000]. North Carolina Geological Survey, 1985. Geologic map ofNorth Carolina [scale 1:500.000]. Parker, J. M., Hi, 1968, Structure of easternmost North Carolina Piedmont: Southeastern Geology, v. 9, p. 1 17-131. Sacks, P.E., 1996a, Geologic map ofthe Bracey 7.5-minute quadrangle, Mecklenburg County, Virginia, and Warren County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2285, scale 1:24,000. Sacks. P.E., 1996b, Geologic map ofthe South Hill SE 7.5-minute quadrangle, Mecklenburg and Brunswick Counties, Virginia, and Warren County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2286, scale 1:24,000. Sacks, P.E., 1996c, Geologic map of the Gasburg 7.5-minute quadrangle, Brunswick County, Virginia, and Warren, Northampton, and Halifax Counties, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2287, scale 1:24,000. Sacks, P.E., 1996d, Geologic map of the Valentines 7.5-minute quadrangle. Brunswick and Greensville Counties, Virginia, and Northampton, and Halifax Counties, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2288, scale 1:24,000. Schneider, D., and S. D. Samson, 2001 , A comparison of zircon and monazite U-Pb ages from the Rolesville Batholith, NC; lessons from misbehaving minerals: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, p. 7. Speer, J. A., 1994, Nature ofthe Rolesville batholith, North Carolina, in Stoddard, E. F., and D. E. Blake (eds.). Geology and Field Trip Guide, Western Flank of the Raleigh Metamorphic Belt, North Carolina: Carolina Geological Society Guidebook, p. 57-62. Speer, J. A., and K. W. Hoff, 1997, Elemental composition of the Alleghanian granitoid plutons of the southern Appalachians, in Sinha. A. K.. J. B. Whalen, and J. P. Hogan (eds.). The Nature of Magmatism in the Appalachian Orogen: Geological Society of America Memoir 19 1, p. 287-308. Speer, J. A., H. Y. McSween, Jr., and A. E. Gates, 1 994, Generation, segregation, ascent, and emplacement of Alleghanian granitoid plutons in the Southern Appalachians: Journal of Geology, v. 102, p. 249-267. Stanley, L. G., 1978, A eugeosynclinal orthoquartzite facies in the Eastern Slate belt rocks of Nash County. North Carolina: [M. S. thesis]. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina. 8 1 p. Steel, W. G., 1952, The eastern Piedmont pegmatite district ofNorth Carolina: North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, Information Circular 9, 26 p. Stetler, T. L., 1 997, Structural and lithodemic character of the Spring Hope field area, Nash County, North Carolina: [M.S. thesis]. University ofNorth Carolina - Wilmington, Wilmington, N.C., 1 07 p. Stoddard, E. F., 1992, Bedrock geologic map of the Bunn East 7.5-minute quadrangle, Franklin and Nash Counties, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open File Map [scale 1:24,000]. Stoddard, E. F., 1993, Eastern Slate belt volcanic facies, Bunn - Spring Hope area, NC: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, p. 72. Stoddard, E.F., S.S. Farrar, J.R. Huntsman, J.W. Horton, Jr., and W.R. Boltin, 1987, Metamorphism and tectonic framework of the northeastern North Carolina Piedmont: in Whittecar, G.R. (ed.), Geological Excursions in Virginia and North Carolina: Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section Field Trip Guidebook, p. 43-86. Waltman, M. R., 1 985, The petrology of the ore horizon and ore paragenesis at the Portis Gold Mine, Franklin County, North Carolina: [M.S. Thesis], University ofNorth Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 147 p. Wilson, W. F. and W. H. Spence, 1979, Geological map ofNash County, North Carolina: North Carolina Geological Survey Open File Map [scale 1:100,000]. I inferred fold hinge of late upright open syncline inferred fold hinge of late upright open anticline I t diabase dike - location inferred in cross section, interpreted fold form lines A A ' cross section line LINEAR FEATURES 70 70 X X Bearing and plunge of mineral lineation Bearing and plunge of crenulation lineation Bunn pluton of Rolesville batholith 70 У У horizontal mineral lineation fold hinge PLANAR FEATURES Observation sites are centered on the strike bar or are at the intersection point of multiple symbols. Planar feature symbols may be combined with linear features. TRAVERSE MAP 47 75 29 strike and dip of primary bedding and layering MAJOR GEOLOGIC FEATURES INDEX TO GEOLOGIC MAPPING X К strike and dip of foliation strike and dip of joint / traverse bv ear X X X traverse by foot vertical foliation vertical joint vertical bedding traverse by canoe Ф horizontal foliation strike and dip of cleavage vertical cleavage 80 X 45 vertical pegmatite dike quartz vein pegmatite dike OTHER FEATURES abandoned DOTquarry or crushed stone quarry * abandoned pegmatite prospect X pegmatite diabase station location © observation station location Portis Gold Mine (abandoned) BA Preliminary Bedrock Geologic Map of the Gold Sand, Centerville, Castalia and Justice 7.5-minute Quadrangles, Franklin, Nash, Warren and Halifax Counties, North Carolina By Edward F. Stoddard, Stephen Fuemmeler, Randy Bechtel, Timothy W. Clark and D. Parker Sprinkle, II PRELIMINARY BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE GOLD SAND, CENTERVILLE, CASTALIA AND JUSTICE 7.5-MINUTE QUADRANGLES, FRANKLIN, NASH, WARREN AND HALIFAX COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-03 Plate 2 Digital representation by Michael A. Medina 2009