Geologic map with geomorphic landscape elements of the Falkland 7.5-minute quadrangle, northwest quadrant, North Carolina

Z о n m О О oo r- This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program under StateMap award number G19AC00235, 2019 NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY DIVISION OF ENERGY, MINERAL AND LAND RESOURCES о о S3 О z p ti 2 Я > £ 2 m н ~ T О н m to О to о О 6 73 oo -о OPEN FILE REPORT 2020-08 Dr. KENNETH B. TAYLOR PG, STATE GEOLOGIST New Geologic Mapping in the Coastal Plain, North Carolina BRIAN WRENN, DIVISION DIRECTOR The project deliverable is a PDF of the northwest quadrant of Falkland Quadrangle (1/4 quadrangle). This new map area is continuous with previous STATEMAP areas in Falkland, Fountain, Walstonburg and Farmville quadrangles (SM FY10-FY18). Both 1:24,000 and 1:12,000 scale maps are provided. Legend for Geologic Map Units - Geomorphic Landscape Elements Holocene FALKLAND QUADRANGLE NORTH CAROLINA 7.5-MINUTE SERIES ^USGS Introduction U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The National Map v USTopo Mapping was conducted in three or four person teams with 102 total staff field days. These included an NCGS staff Geologist (PI) and two temporary STATE- MAP-funded positions [one Temporary Geologist I (11-month appointment) and one part-time driller (300-350 hours per year)]. On occasion, the Temp Geologist I led the field operation with assistance from other NCGS permanent and temporary geologists. An additional 11 person days were spent mobilizing and maintaining the Geoprobe Rig. _ X •— < science for a changing world The Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North Carolina (Fig. 1) is poorly understood from scientific, stratigraphic, and mapping perspectives. It is mantled primarily by Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits that have map extents, allostratigraphy, and relationships to global sea level cycles that are mostly undefined. Outcrops are rare, and the new subsurface data necessary to define units and map this region is expensive. Except for recent STATEMAP (SM) deliverables, detailed geologic maps at 1 :24, 000-scale for the Coastal Plain do not exist. The current geologic map (NCGS, 1985) does not show surficial units for the Coastal Plain, it shows underlying sub¬ crops (Fig. 1A). In recent SM areas (FY10-19), the Pliocene Yorktown Formation is supposedly the principal subcrop (NCGS, 1985); this unit is affiliated with a regional-scale shallow confining unit. Detailed mapping (FY 10-19) shows that the Yorktown (Fig. 1A) is thin, absent, or misidentified. Isotopic age dates suggest that basal, clastic carbonate beds that define the base of the Plio-Pleistocene, correlate with the Chowan River Formation, rather than the Yorktown. If this is the case the Yorktown is essentially absent in this area of the NC Coastal Plain. The post-Chowan River section includes several early Pleistocene units in ramp or interfluve settings; younger terraces and alluvium occur in incised valleys. n 77°37 '30' 35' 32'30' 77-30' t- > 35-45' 35°45' z а Field Staff and Time Field Days СЛ Stream Channel П > Farrell Thornton Foyles Lynn Chapman PI - Senior Geologist STATEMAP Geologist I Licensed Driller Geological Technician Senior Geologist 24 -o ГП 36.5 m 34 Г m 16.5 2 Man-Made Excavation - Pond or Lagoon, Mining Operations. m 2 z LAN-09 4 Location and Geologic Setting CZJ Total Staff Field Days 113 О -n Man-Made Earthenware Structures - such as Spoil Piles from Mining and Dredging, Dams, Causeways through Wetlands. 4 The Coastal Plain, a relict, Plio-Pleistocene landscape (Fig. IB), consists of a series of progressively younger scarps, or paleoshorelines, and intervening terraces that step down in elevation and age towards the coast (Fig. 2) and into river basins (Fig. 3). This is stairstep topography. Seven river basins dissect the Coastal Plain so that its low-relief, flat, eastward-dipping marine terraces (ramps) are separated by incised valleys with terraced borders. Over the past 5 Ma, glacio-eustatic changes in sea level drove the transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles that sculpted this landscape. Fluvial, estuarine and marine deposits occur in the incised valleys. The stra¬ tigraphy in valley fills differs from that of the ramp or interfluve (Farrell and others, 2003), and forms the “alluvial aquifer system” (Tesoriero and others, 2005). The geomorphic analysis was extended into the current map area using high resolution LiDAR and 0.25 m contours, hillshade and slope derived from bare earth, float¬ ing point data, using Spatial and 3D Analysis. About 703 polygons were mapped with a total linear circumference of about 965,394 m. X m "П > Stratigraphy Stations Coreholes Total Footage Geomorphology Linear Meters Г Quadrangle No. of Polygons % quad Square miles Mapping Г- H wf-- Wetland Flat (Holocene): Wetland flat at base of incised valleys; commonly with anastomosed channel network activated during flood stage, or a single main channel, which is commonly trenched and straightened by human activity; may exhibit lacustrine conditions. Basal quartz sand fines up into organic-rich sand and mud. Deposits are typically less than 3 m thick. Flat is typically flanked by colluvium, alluvial fan, and partly buried channel belts. It is partly incised into pre-exist¬ ing deposits, and may be separated in stepwise fashion from other active wetland flats. Upstream, the flat narrows and is replaced by channel deposits or undifferenti¬ ated Quaternary alluvium. Typical facies include: muddy and sandy peat, gravelly sand and other facies. H wf2~Wetland Flat 2 (Holocene - reactivated Pleistocene flat): Wetland flat that merges with the Hwf in upstream reaches of incised valleys. In some cases, H wf2 is separated vertically by a step-like feature from H wf. An incised channel may connect the two wetland flats. In other cases, the two flats gradually merge in upstream reaches. H wf2 is dryer than H wf; it may be continuous with a set of valley fill terraces. Not systematically mapped on this quadrant yet. Type > Z c Falkland Coastal Plain 44 44 1451.9 703 965,394 0.25 15 The Surry Scarp, a Pleistocene paleoshoreline complex, trends north through Fountain quad (Figs. 1, 4A). Regional-scale conceptual models (Mixon and others, 1989; Winker and Howard, 1977; Oaks and DuBar, 1974; Daniels and others, 1966) and NCGS SM data suggest that the Surry shoreline is the highstand position for the main early Pleistocene T-R cyclic event. Stratigraphic relationships near the scarp are complex and include several early Pleistocene units; each contains similar repeating facies, and fossils are rare. In Virginia (Mixon and others, 1989) these are the Moorings Unit and the Bacons Castle, Windsor, and Charles City Formations (Fig. 5). In NC and VA, these correlative units occur within the shoreline complex, and both landward and seaward of it. These are not lithologically distinct bodies of rock that are easily mappable; these are allo-units that are mapped by establishing bounding surfaces, their terminations, and the geologic facies above them. Our goal is to describe facies and establish units in a sequence stratigraphic context, and to determine the stratigraphy’s relationship to surficial landforms. Sequence stra¬ tigraphy emphasizes facies relationships and stratal architecture within a chronological framework (Catuneanu and others, 2009). -j 2 *— « The geomorphic analysis provided a guideline for planning new core holes using the NCGS’s Geoprobe Rig. The subsurface analysis of stratigraphy included extending existing cross sections from adjacent map areas, starting new cross sections, and improving data density along existing cross sections. The deliverable includes one major representative cross section that transections several geomorphic elements that range in elevation from about 102 ft to 60 ft. Additional cores were collected to provide isopach and structure contour data for the Quaternary stratigraphy of the quadrangle. Signed permission forms were acquired from landowners prior to drilling. Coring with the Geoprobe extended from September 2019 to February 2020. Rainfall and flooding were major obstacles to planning field work this fiscal year, as was access on hunt club lands that border the Tar River. Thirty-three (33) field days acquired 1451.9 ft core at forty-four (44) new borehole locations. Corehole depths ranged from 11 to 50 feet in depth. Recovery was greater than 85 percent. Deepest cores bottomed out in probable Paleogene or Cretaceous “basement”. A total of 102 person days were spent in the field. Z G - rn О r > c z Strategy for Performing the Investigation о г- Hwf2 m z During drilling, cores were split, washed and described by using graphic (Farrell and others, 2012, 2013). Cores were photographed in the field with a cell phone; this worked well as a first cut in core photography. Cross sections were constructed from the field logs in Adobe Illustrator. Geologic mapping in the NC Coastal Plain requires a non-traditional method, called three-dimensional (3D) subsurface mapping (see Newell and Dejong, 2010; and Hughes, 2010), to define and map surficial geologic units. This method combines a geomorphic interpretation of the relict Quaternary landscape with targeted sub¬ surface analysis along profiles that transect geomorphic features. It is useful because the NC Coastal Plain is notorious for its low relief, few outcrops, lack of defined units and type sections, recurring facies, colluvium on side slopes, and extensive wetlands cover, even on uplands: bedrock mapping methods do not apply. О - X As time permits, high-resolution graphic logs (1 inch = 1 foot) of core stratigraphy will be prepared in the lab; these logs are on par with methods of characterizing oil and gas reservoirs and permits direct correlation with gamma and resistivity logs; the field logs are adequate for this purpose as well, although will require a QA audit on depths for final publishing of the complete quadrangle. m CZJ 4 OTEN-WM-04 H sc— Side valley colluvium, slightly higher Holocene facies, positioned marginal to wetland flat; may include side bars and lunate bars associcated with channels. To produce the map, landforms were interpreted from the highest resolution Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) elevation data (20 cm). LiDAR tiles, as floating point ASCI files were downloaded from the Floodplain Mapping Program’s website (www.ncfloodmaps.com). These were transformed from ASCI files to raster grids, mosaiced into 10 X 10 rasters, and reprojected as State Plane Nad 1983 meters. Hillshade, slope, and contour lines (1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 meters) were constructed from the raster grids. Orthoimagery (2012, 2010) from the NCONEMAP was used in conjunction with elevation grid color ramps, contour lines, hillshade and slope to interpret landforms. Farrell and others (2003) summarize the method of comprehensive landscape analysis. A series of landform elements was interpreted and digitized starting with the Holocene depositional system and working backward in time into older landscapes. Key transects cross cutting the Surry paleoshoreline and other features were chosen for subsurface analysis. Geologic cores were acquired in plastic tubes with the Geoprobe drill rig. These are 1.5-inch diameter contin¬ uous cores (discrete sampling method) collected in 4-foot increments. Cores were logged using the methods of Farrell and others (2012, 2013). High-resolution photos of cores were compiled as photomosaics for archiving. Allostratigraphic units were defined on cross sections, and extrapolated regionally using geomorphic map. Data locations were collected using GPS. H sc О c- -06 > Falkland (1/4) Quadrangle: NW Quadrant Significant findings from the mapping include: О z • The map area is in the vicinity of the Plio-Pleistocene Surry Paleoshoreline complex (shore elevation - 30 m MSL) at elevations ranging from ~34 to 9 m. Inter¬ fluves range in elevation from ~ 34 m (northwest) to ~25 m. Interfluves are separated by incised valleys which have a continuous series of terraces that step down from -30 m to - 12 m. The bottom of drainages includes a Holocene wetland flat at 10 to 18 m, that gradually rises in elevation in an upstream direction, burying Pleistocene terraces. Numerous Holocene/Pleistocene side drainages cross cut the older landscape, feeding directly into the wetland flat or to older terrace sets. • The Early Pleistocene terrace-defined units step down in elevation from 30 to 20 m, at intervals of 1 to 2 m. Geomorphic contacts between these ‘marine terraces’ are subtle with extensive colluvium commonly obscuring terrace borders; locally these transition into and cannot be separated from incised valley deposits. The “incised valley” loses its incised geomorphic character as sea-level drops stepwise and subtly into the incipiently forming incised valley. This is especially characteristic at eleva¬ tions of 26.5 to 22 m. H s— Sinkhole (Holocene): Incipient ovate depression that is commonly incised into surrounding landscape; may occur in conjunction with depressions in centers of Carolina Bays. Untifferentiated Quaternary Deposits: н 42'30" 42 z о 73 — i X n > 73 о r- •— < Geomorphic and Stratigraphic Description of Four Quadrangle Region (Figure 4) z • Terraces at less than 18 m in elevation are relatively easy to map geomorphically. A distinct set of terraces at -14 m was mapped up the Otter Creek incised valley and other drainages into the current map area; this set of terraces morphs upstream into 16 m terraces. These may represent Middle Pleistocene deposits (highstand position of about 15.5 m (50 ft). In this map area, the terrace set rises or steps up to 18 and 19 m flats. • Upland areas (+24 m) are very difficult to interpret geomorphically because of the existence of Carolina Bays. These bays likely formed as blow-outs of beach ridges. Map patterns for remobilized sands (from blowouts) may indicate elongate, shoreline-parallel ridges, separated by deflation surfaces, and lower-lying flats. Terrace boundaries are difficult to identify because of multiple episodes of blowouts. Sinkholes with springs or lakes occur within some of the blowout areas of the Caro¬ lina Bays and elsewhere. • In the current map area, the Quaternary section is > The southeast quadrant of Falkland is situated east of the Surry Palaeoshoreline Complex, mostly at elevations below 26 m, in a stratigraphicallv complex area east of the boundary between the “Sunderland Terrace” (see Fig. 2) and the “Wicomico Terrace”. This geomorphically complex area includes a variety of relict coastal landforms and associated facies along its length. Associated features include barrier islands, beach and shoreface, beach ridge accretion plains, longshore bars, spits, embayed areas, lagoons, tidal channels, etc. (see Farrell et al., 2003). Near the Surry shoreline complex, four, surficial, early Pleistocene units occur beneath upland, predominantly marine flats: in adjacent Virginia, these are called the Bacons Castle Formation, Moorings Unit (informal), and the Windsor and Charles City Forma¬ tions. All four units are Early Pleistocene in age (Mixon et al., 1989), becoming successively younger in age towards the east. These may be conformable as indicated by stratigraphic details observable in core and outcrop. All four units potentially include similar, repeating facies. The current study includes marine interfluve units associated with correlatives of the Windsor and Charles City Formations, and a number of terraces in the local incised drainages. The map deliverable shows two units, tentatively called Q wm (Windsor Formation, marine) and Q Izm (Lizzie Formation, marine; terraces are numbered in sequence. The nomenclature utilized here is considered draft only. Q urs: Undifferentiated remobilized sands that usually on interfluve flats such as the 24-26 m marine terraces. Q urs 6 to 52 ft (12 - 20 m) thick, depending on geomorphic position. Refusal depth ranged from 11 - 50 ft (3.7 - 16.4 m). Refusal was caused bv encountering semi-consolidated substrate (Paleogene or Cretaceous), collapse of loose shells, sands and gravels into corehole, closing of hole by thixotropic marine units, and cemented zones and large impenetrable shells. • This year’s drilling focused on characterizing major stratrigraphic contacts associated with geomorphic features, in particular, defining the incised Tar River Valley, and transitions from the upland terrace (30 m) down to the terraces at 6 m in elevation. The included cross section shows some of these relationships. • Coring the lower river terraces (5-10 meters) showed that the stratigraphy in the Tar River incised valley is very thin (2-5 m thick) and consists of Pleistocene gravelly sands. The sands are underlain by a very hard, consolidated, impermeable black or dark gray sandy mud with organic debris, that resembles a backswamp deposit; other facies are present as well. The unit was virtually impenetrable with the Geoprobe below the upper two runs or so. Recent discussions with Dr. W. Burleigh Harris were unable to identify this unit’s age or formation equivalent. It is likely that pollen may assist in identifying this unit. The bottom line, however, is that the substrate is impermeable. • The shallow refusal depths prompted NCGS to have the Geoprobe completely serviced this fiscal year in Florida, at Geoprobe Systems, Inc. Two geologists took two trips from NC to FL to drop off and pick up the rig in late May, early June 2020. The serviced rig (new hammer and hydraulic system overhaul) has not been tested yet to determine if penetration depth is improved. Untifferentiated Pleistocene Depositional Systems including Valley Fill and Falling Stage Deposits: Qal Undifferentiated Quaternary Alluvium - currently active landscape. Includes the Holocene material in side valleys and on alluvial fans and colluvium on side slopes. In the four quad area, coastal landforms are preserved geomorphically between elevations of 26 and 34 meters. The toe of the Surry paleoshoreface is at about 28 m; the main highstand elevation that explains most of the geomorphic features associated with the Surry Scarp is at about 30 m. Other landforms and surficial stratigra¬ phy indicate slightly higher sea levels (34-35 m) associated with the shoreline complex. Two units are associated with the shoreline complex itself (28-34+ m): the Windsor Formation and the Moorings unit. The Moorings unit is locally associated with barrier island facies. The Windsor outcrops surfically, east of the 30 m contour. It is notched and overlain by the Lizzie Formation near the 26 m contour. This particular geomorphic boundary occurs in the current map area. The sea level maximum associated with the flooding event that formed the Surry paleoshoreline complex was likely at about 34 - 35 m, with a shoreline complex and embayed coast between 34 and 28 m. A second near-occupation of the same shoreline formed the shoreline features at about 26 m in the current map area, the boundary between “Windsor” and “Lizzie” Formations. Valleys incised into the marine Windsor (Q wm) and Lizzie (Q Izm) units include a group of Pleistocene terraces that step down from 26 to 8 m in Falkland quadrangle. QtO Pleistocene Valley Fill Terrace @ 13-17 m on Falkland NW. QtO Qtl Pleistocene Valley Fill Terrace @ 15-21 m on Falkland NW. Very distinct flat terrace mapped downstream to 11 m on Falkland SE. May be Middle Pleistocene. Qt2 Pleistocene Valley FillTerrace @ 16-20 m on Falkland NW. Qtl N A Map of Subcrop Units for Coastal Plain Coastal Plain Geomorphology В Geologic Units after North Carolina Geological Survey, • USGS Deep Core Hole with borehole logs o NCGS/DWQ Shallow Cores many with gamma logs (15-235 ft depth) includes data collected for Statemap 18 and 19. О USGS/WRD - Shallow Cores with gamma logs (<260 ft depth) e NCGS/USGS/ECU Coastal Cooperative Rotosonic Cores (55-235 ft depth) with partial set of gamma log Other High Quality Dat О Parham (2009) CCPCUA - Central Coastal Plain Qt2 Capacity Use Area Alhpmartp Sound _ ] Area of Inset □ Prop ] Raleigh 100K Sheet d New Map Ar 40 Qt3 Pleistocene Valley Fill Terrace @ 17-22 m on Falkland NW. Qt3 Figure 2. Coastwise terraces and scarps on North Carolina Coastal Plain. River basin boundaries Qt4 Qt4 Pleistocene Valley Fill Terrace @ 21-23.5 m on Falkland NW. are in white. River Basin incised valley terraced drainage fluvial and estuarine terraces 50 KM Scarps ^ Coats/Orangeburg Wilson Mills Surry Walterboro Suffolk Daniels and others, 1 984 Daniels and Kane, 2001 ramp interfluve marine terrace ramp interfluve marine terrace LJjgJ Q ry - Undiffere iated Pleistocene Unit ua LiDAR Based Elevation 50 Miles 50-65 ft (15 -20m) 65 - 85 ft (20 - 26 m) 85 -100 ft (26 -30 m) 100 -125 ft (30 -38 m) 125 -170 ft (38 -52 m) 170 -240 ft (52 -73 m) +240 ft (73 m) Ipyw Plio Early Pli me? Waccamaw Fm 0-6ft(0 -1.8 m) me -Yorktowi id Duplin Fms 6 -15 ft (1.8 -4.5 m) ry - (?) - Pinehi Fm (western margin) 15 -25 ft (4.6 -7.6 m) Qt5 Early Pleistocene Valley Fill Terrace @ 23-25 m on Falkland NW; merges downstream with marine terrace Q lzm2. Qt5 ine - Ri Bend Fm 25 - 30 ft (7.6 - 9.1 m) 30 -35 ft (9.1 -10.7 m) 35 -50 ft (10.7 -15 m) Kp Cretaceous Peedee Fm Kb ] Cretac Oligoc Belgrade Fm stream divide divide Black Creek Fm Castle Hayne Fm (Spring Garden Member) Castle Hayne Fm (Comfort + New Hanover) i НкЯГ] Cl us Middendorf Fm LLEN-STOWE-01 Crel Cape Ft Fm ne Bi i ufc Fm Figure 1. A. Geologic map for the Coastal Plain of NC (NCGS, 1985) shows the Yorktown Formation as principal surficial unit in STATEMAP FY10-16 study areas. B. LiDAR elevation model with color ramps emphasizing marine terraces and incised valleys; the locations of high quality core data (recently collected by NCGS and USGS, post 2000) are shown. Qt6 Early Pleistocene Valley Terrace @ 25-26.5 m; merges with marine terrace equivalent Q lzml. Figure 3. Stairstep topography bordering river basins and terminology. Qt6 vf Alloformations and Extent i л < 0) (/) •»Z Q> <D O) </> (O 3 55 (Л 5 Q lzml О Q lzml (Qt6): Early Pleistocene marine terrace that extends from 26.5 meters to 24.5 m. FY-15 FY-19 Current Mapping 0) a Virginia Coastal Plain Bcrquist, 2007, pers. comm. Revised after Mixon et al, 1989 Virginia Map Extent Geomorphic Features FY-18 in O) < in FY-20 Fig. 4. Data distribution in the key 4 quad map area (Farmville, Walstonburg, Fountain and Falkland quads) that includes the Early Pleistocene Surry Paleoshoreline complex on a LiDAR basemap. County boundar¬ ies and 1264 transportation corridor are shown. B. Recent and newly proposed STATEMAP deliverables. Fountain quad (NE 1/4) is the new FY20 map area. : 6 Elevation - Surface Scarp Toe "Highstand" Formations Members Holocene Ft Meters Figure 5. Chart showing relative ages and map units for Virginia’s Coastal Plain Map (Mixon and others, 1989) This diagram does not incorporate revisions to the Pleisto¬ cene proposed by Gibbard and others (2010). Qt7 Qt7 Early Pleistocene shoreline features @ 25.2-27.2 m; marks shoreline of Q lzml marine terrace. а Tabb Fm Poquoson Mbr. Lynnhaven Mbr. Sedgefield Mbr. 6 -10 ft 10 -18 ft 18 -28 ft 28 - 48 ft 1.8 -3.3 m 3.3 - 5.5 m 5.5 - 8.5 m 8.5 -14.6 m 10 ft/ 3.3 m 18ft/ 5.5m 28 ft/8.5 m 48 ft/14.6 m FY-13 FY-14 FY-16 FY-17 0.12 Shirley Fm a> (1) c ■o ф Qt8 Qt8 Early Pleistocene marine terrace @ 27-29 m. тз Chuckatuck Fm 48 - 55 ft 14.6 -16.8 m 55 ft/16.8 m FY-12 o 2 о 0.78 FY-12 FY-12 < n Charles City Fm 55 - 70 ft 16.8 -21.3 m 70 ft/21.3 m A* CD o_ >. Windsor Fm 70 - 95 ft 21.3 -29.0 m 95 ft/29.0 m Qt9 Early Pleistocene marine terrace @ 29-31 m. (13 $ FY-11 Qt9 ш Moorings Unit barrier/beach backbarrier 95 - 125 ft 95?- 115 ft 29.0-38.1 m 29.0? - 35.0 m 115 ft/35 m 115 ft/35 m 4* C 1.80 FY-10 FY-12 о В Bacons Castle Fm Barhamsville Varina Grove 115- 170 fl 35.0 -51.8 m 170 ft/51.8 m c 2 Kilometers Ф 1 QtlO Early Pleistocene marine terrace - topographic lows to emphasize Carolina Bays. о 35°37'30'' QtlO 35°37' О Chowan River Fm Q. CONTOUR INTERVAL = 1 METER 1:12,000 Scale Table 1. Locations of new cores collected in the Southwest, Southeast, and Northeast Quadrants of Falkland Quadrangle for STATEMAP FY19 data deliverables. 5.64 6.07 4.63 9.91 15.24 WHICHARD-09 WHICHARD-10 WHICHARD-1 1 WHICHARD-12 HAM-03 WOOTEN-WM-02 WOOTEN-WM-03 WOOTEN-WM-04 WOOTEN-WM-05 WOOTEN-WM-06 WOOTEN-WM-07 WOOTEN-WM-08 WOOTEN-WM-09 WOOTEN-WM-10 HAM-06 TUCKER-20 TUCKER-21 TUCKER-22 PIERCE-10 TUCKER-23 HAM-7 PICTON-01 PICTON-02 PICTON-03 8/29/2019 8/29/2019 9/4/2019 9/4/2019 10/9/2019 10/10/2019 10/10/2019 10/10/2019 10/17/2019 10/17/2019 10/17/2019 10/18/2019 10/18/2019 10/18/2019 11/8/2019 11/20/2019 11/21/2019 11/22/2019 12/5/2019 1/15/2020 1/16/2020 2/10/2020 2/18/2020 2/27/2020 K. Farrell, E. Thornton K. Farrell, E. Thornton K. Farrell, E. Thornton K.Farrell, E. Thornton K. Farrell, E. Thornton K.Farrell, E. Thornton K.Farrell, E. Thornton K.Farrell, E. Thornton K.Farrell, E. Thornton, A.Lynn K.Farrell, E. Thornton, A.Lynn K.Farrell, E.Thomton, A.Lynn K.Farrell, E.Thomton, A.Lynn K.Farrell, E.Thomton, A.Lynn K.Farrell, E.Thomton, A.Lynn K.Farrell, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn K.Farrell, A.Lynn K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Greenville NW Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Pitt 220224.5350 739881.1990 35.726710 -77.559840 220106.2660 739969.3060 35.725632 -77.558885 220159.4470 739938.3490 35.726116 -77.559219 219931.2440 739641.8830 35.724098 -77.562532 215220.1890 737238.5230 35.681949 -77.589835 218888.0270 745457.0210 35.713920 -77.498435 218898.2670 745245.0630 35.714041 -77.500776 218892.2610 745212.7440 35.713991 -77.501134 218787.9040 744873.2840 35.713097 -77.504903 218843.3620 744897.9090 35.713593 -77.504622 218856.4590 745030.4650 35.713693 -77.503155 218735.7820 744547.3090 35.712671 -77.508514 218788.1700 744715.1870 35.713121 -77.506650 218677.6400 744337.9620 35.712175 -77.510837 215654.9960 737122.7580 35.685883 -77.591045 212730.8590 738993.8150 35.659287 -77.570840 213862.9630 741103.9600 35.669214 -77.547354 214458.4610 742489.9030 35.674397 -77.531949 212394.1390 744591.1680 35.655510 -77.509082 212860.6800 740967.3810 35.660199 -77.549024 214581.4480 735561.5430 35.676405 -77.608459 210993.9550 742499.8340 35.643171 -77.532405 209769.9910 742042.2360 35.632201 -77.537657 210493.8090 742154.5220 35.638710 -77.536300 18.50 19.90 15.20 32.50 50.00 27.00 11.65 12.00 19.20 18.25 14.50 15.00 18.90 16.00 39.50 46.35 45.10 36.00 49.70 44.45 43.45 37.35 41.40 49.50 46.75 49.21 44.62 70.44 90.29 19.42 13.78 19.69 33.10 18.31 14.90 39.01 35.50 41.14 79.53 82.25 81.99 82.12 63.78 79.56 89.50 81.76 83.27 79.86 14.25 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 15.00 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 13.60 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 21.47 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 27.52 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 5.92 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 4.20 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 6.00 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 10.09 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 5.58 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 4.54 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 11.89 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 10.82 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 12.54 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 24.24 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 25.07 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 24.99 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 25.03 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 19.44 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 24.25 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 27.28 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 24.92 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 25.38 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling 24.34 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles D. Foyles Pitt Pitt entering private lands. FEET UTM GRID AND 2016 MAGNETIC NORTH DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET BFCA2 - U.S. National Grid Pitt . NAIP, June 2014 . U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 • 2016 . GNIS, . National Hydrography Dataset, 2014 . National Elevation Dataset, 2015 Multiple sources; see metadata file 1972 - 2016 Imagery . Roads . Names . Hydrography, Contours . Boundaries... Pitt 1 Pinetops 2 Old Sparta 3 Conetoe 4 Fountain 5 Greenville NW 6 Walstonburg 7 Farmville 8 Greenville SW CONTOUR INTERVAL 5 FEET NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 1 2 3 Pitt 8.23 2016 1 00,000 -m Square 10 Pitt 3.55 5 4 This map was produced to conform with the National Geospatial Program US Topo Product Standard, 2011. A metadata file associated with this product is draft version 0.6.19 ТЕ Pitt 3.66 FALKLAND, NC 2016 Pitt 5.85 6 7 8 Wetlands. FWS National Wetlands Inventory 1977 - 2014 Grid Zone Designation Pitt 5.56 18S ADJOINING QUADRANGLES Pitt 4.42 Pitt 4.57 Pitt 5.76 Pitt 4.88 1:24,000 Scale Pitt 12.04 14.13 13.75 10.97 15.15 13.55 13.24 11.38 12.62 15.09 Pitt Pitt Pitt Pitt Pitt REFERENCES Pitt Hughes, P.D., 2010, Geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphy: the roles of morpho-, litho-, and allostratig¬ raphy. Geomorphology, vl23, p. 189-199. Pitt Disclaimer: This Open-File Map is preliminary. It has been reviewed internally for conformity with the North Carolina Geological Survey editorial standards. Further revisions or corrections to this preliminary map may occur. Catuneanu, O., Abreu, V., Bhattacharya, J.P., Blum, M.D., Dalrymple, R.W., Eriksson, P.G., Fielding, C.R., Fisher, W.L., Galloway, W.E., Gibling, M.R., Giles, K.A., Holbrook, J.M., Jordan, R., Kendall, C.G. St.C., Macurda, B., Martinsen, O.J., Miall, A.D., Nearl, J.E., Nummedal, D., Pomar, L., Pasamentier, H.W., Pratt, B.R., Sarg, J.F., Shanley, K.W., Steel, R.J., Strasser, A., Tucker, M.E., and Winker, C., 2009. Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy. Earth-Science Reviews, v. 92, p. 1-33. Pitt Pitt Mixon, R.B., Berquist, C.R., Jr., Newell, W'.L., Johnson, G.H., Powars, D.S., Schindler, J.S., and Rader, E.K., 1989, Geologic map and generalized cross sections of the coastal plain and adjacent parts of the Piedmont, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-2033. Total Depth 721.40 219.88 Table 2. Locations of new cores collected in the Northwest Quadrant of Falkland Quadrangle for STATEMAP FY19 data deliverables. GEO_IN_FIELD K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton E.Thomton, J. Chapman E.Thomton, J.Chapman E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn K.Farrell, E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn E.Thomton, A.Lynn K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton K.Farrell, E.Thomton Daniels, R.B., Gamble, E.E., and Nettleton, W.D., 1966, The Surry Scarp from Fountain to Potters Hill, North Carolina, Southeastern Geology, v. 7, p. 41-50. Parham, P. R. 2009. The late Quaternary stratigraphy and geologic history of northeastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia (PhD dissertation). Department of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University, Green¬ ville, NC, 290 p. HOLEJD WHICH ARD-08 HAM-02 PIERCE-09 WOOTEN HE IRS-05 HAMMK-01 HAMMK-02 WHICHARD-13 HAMMK-03 COBB-01 COBB-02 COBB-03 COBB-04 HAM-04 HAM-05 MATTHEWS-01 MATTHEWS-02 MATTHEWS-03 COBB-5 COBB-6 COBB-7 DATE_DRILLED 8/28/2019 9/11/2019 9/12/2019 9/18/2019 9/19/2019 9/19/2019 10/2/2019 10/2/2019 10/23/2019 10/24/2019 10/30/2019 10/31/2019 11/7/2019 11/7/2019 11/14/2019 12/4/2019 12/11/2019 1/29/2020 1/29/2020 1/30/2020 QUAD Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland Falkland COUNTY NORTHING_M EASTING_M LAT_DD LONG_DD DEPTH FT DEPTH M ELEVATION_FT ELEVATION M 219700.3150 739386.3480 35.722050 -77.565393 216587.6830 736540.1190 35.694363 -77.597336 216964.8910 736123.1570 35.697816 -77.601884 Edgecombe 220171.0870 735059.7630 35.726847 -77.613139 217163.2980 737570.2580 35.699419 -77.585864 217119.8000 737209.1010 35.699073 -77.589861 219320.5020 739376.5280 35.718628 -77.565562 217216.3470 736932.0910 35.699979 -77.592907 Edgecombe 219765.9690 735665.1980 35.723119 -77.606510 Edgecombe 219339.5080 734787.8510 35.719386 -77.616272 Edgecombe 218865.9850 734691.3950 35.715131 -77.617411 Edgecombe 219884.0510 734967.9390 35.724271 -77.614198 216095.6030 736845.1660 35.689889 -77.594043 215863.3290 737130.0470 35.687759 -77.590932 Edgecombe 219690.8430 734124.3750 35.722636 -77.623551 Edgecombe 218952.8030 734112.1390 35.715986 -77.623800 215982.0510 735456.1820 35.689042 -77.609406 Edgecombe 218264.8990 734681.8460 35.709714 -77.617609 217768.6710 735423.8710 35.705149 -77.609486 Edgecombe 217878.9370 734921.1620 35.706206 -77.615024 DRILLERS 21.49 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 23.64 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 28.00 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 23.54 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 19.10 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 22.22 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 25.38 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 26.28 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 23.72 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 25.15 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 27.20 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 22.62 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 19.28 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 20.87 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 25.95 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 26.77 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 26.94 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 31 .22 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 29.26 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles 30.82 Geoprobe Discrete Sampling D. Foyles CORING METHOD Pitt 44.80 35.80 46.70 33.00 27.30 34.75 44.80 32.00 39.45 34.00 45.85 31.00 29.30 24.00 36.95 44,00 44.00 32.00 25.30 45.50 13.66 10.91 14.23 10.06 70.51 77.56 91.86 77.23 62.66 72.90 83.27 86.22 77.82 82.51 89.24 74.21 63.25 68.47 85.14 87.83 88.39 102.43 96.00 101.12 Pitt Daniels, R.B., and Kane, E.O., 2001, Coastal Plain Scarps of the Neuse River Basin, North Carolina, as delin¬ eated by R.B. Daniels: a new G1S coverage: Ground Water Circular No. 18, North Carolina, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Groundwater section, Raleigh, NC. Pitt Newell, W'.L., and Dejong, B., 2010, Cold climate slope deposits and landscape modifications of the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern USA. Geological Society of London Special Publication 443. In press. Pitt 8.32 This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program under StateMap award number G19AC00235, 2019. Pitt 10.59 13.66 Daniels, R.B., Kleiss, H.J., Buol, S.W., Byrd, H.J., and Phillips, J.A., 1984, Soil systems in North Carolina, Bulletin 467, North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. North Carolina Geological Survey (NCGS), 1985, Geologic Map of North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Raleigh, NC, scale 1:500,000. Pitt Pitt 9.75 This map and explanatory information is submitted for publication with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental use. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. 12.02 10.36 13.98 Farrell, K.M., Harris, W.B., Mallinson, D.J., Culver, S.J., Riggs, S.R., Pierson, J., Self-Trail, J.M., Lautier, J., 2012, Standardizing texture and facies codes for a process-based classification of clastic rock and sediment, Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 82, p. 364-378. Oaks, R.Q., Jr., and J.R. Dubar, Eds., 1974, Post-Miocene Stratigraphy Central and Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain, Utah State University Press, Logan, Utah, 275 pp. 9.45 Pitt 8.93 Tesoriero, A.J., Spruill, T.B., Mew, H.E., Jr., Farrell, K.M., and Harden, S.L., 2005, Nitrogen transport and transformation in a coastal plain watershed: Influence of geomorphology on flowpaths and residence times: Water Resources Research, v. 41, 15 pp. Pitt 7.32 Farrell, K.M., Harris, W.B., Mallinson, D.J., Culver, S.J., Riggs, S.R., Wehmiller, J.F., Pierson, J., Self-Trail, J.M., Lautier, J., 2013, Graphic logging for interpreting process-generated stratigraphic sequences and aqui¬ fer/reservoir potential: with analog shelf to shoreface examples from the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province, U.S.A., Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 83, p. 723-745. 11.26 13.41 13.41 Pitt Winker, C.D. and J.D. Howard, 1977, Correlation of tectonically deformed shorelines on the southern Atlantic coastal plain. Geology, v. 5, p. 123-127. 9.75 Pitt 7.71 Farrell, K.M., Mew, H.E., Jr., Keyworth, A.J., and Clark, T.W., 2003, Comprehensive landscape analysis, geomorphology, and sequence stratigraphy in eastern North Carolina’s Little Contentnea Creek Watershed of the Neuse River Basin: methods for constructing reconnaissance-level geologic maps of a relict Plio-Pleisto¬ cene terrane. In Farrell, K.M. and Keyworth, A.J., editors, 2003, Surficial geology and shallow aquifer system of the Little Contentnea Creek Watershed, Neuse River Basin, North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society Annual Field Trip Guidebook. 13.87 Total Depth 730.50 222.66 GEOLOGIC MAP WITH GEOMORPHIC LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS OF THE FALKLAND 7.5 MINUTE QUADRANGLE, NORTHWEST QUADRANT, NORTH CAROLINA a Gibbard, P.L., Head, M.J., Walker, M.J.C., and the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, 2010, Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma, Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 25, p. 96-102. 9 By Kathleen M. Farrell and Erik D. Thornton 3.QL1NA > Department of Environmental Quality N V J .*■ Geology mapped from July 2019 to June 2020. Landscape analysis, map preparation, digital cartography and editing by Kathleen M. Farrell. 2020