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The E. S. C. Quarterly OLUME 14. NO. 3-4 SUMMER-FALL. 1956 Hstribution, Sales and Servicing oi Autos and Trucks Playing Major Role In Economic Life of North Carolina First Duryea gasoline-operated motor vehicle (1893) PUBLISHED BY mwmm mm Employment Security Commission of North Carolina RALEIGH, N. C. PAGE 74 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY SUMMER-FALL, 1 95< The E. S. C. Quarterly (Formerly The U.C.C. Quarterly) Vol. 14, No. 3-4 Summer-Fall, 1956 Issued at Raleigh, N. C. by the EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION OF NORTH CAROLINA Commissioners: Mrs. Quentin Gregory, Halifax; Dr. Harry D. Wolf, Chapel Hill; R. Dave Hall, Belmont; W. Benton Pipkin, Reidsville; Bruce E. Davis, Charlotte; Crayon C. Eflrd, Al-bemarle. State Advisory Council: Public representatives: James A. Brid-ger, Bladenboro, Chairman; Sherwood Roberson, Roberson-ville; W. B. Horton, Yanceyville; Mrs. R. C. Lewellyn, Dob-son, and Dr. J. W. Seabrook, Fayetteville; Employer repre-sentatives: A. L. Tait, Lincolnton, and W. A. Egerton, Enka; Employee representatives: Melvin Ward, Spencer, AFL, and H. D. Lisk, Charlotte, CIO. HENRY E. KENDALL Chairman R. FULLER MARTIN Director Unemployment Insurance Division JOSEPH W. BEACH Director North Carolina State Employment Service Division ROY G. BRANTLEY Editor Public Information Officer Sent free upon request to responsible indiri^vali anrncifs. organizations and libraries. Address: E. S. C. Informational Service. P. 0. Box 5R9. Raleiah. V. f. CONTENTS Paqe M. R. Dunnagan Retires 74 Coverage Extended to 32,000 Additional Tar Heel Workers 75 The Employment Picture: Generally Good Throughout State 75 Joint Service Offices Filling Vital Roles in ESC Program 76 Research and Statistics Unit : They Put Meaning into Figures— Commission's Legal Department Performing Many, Varied Duties — Having Workers at the Right Place and at the Right Time 77 3,000 Workers Are Brought Into Is T . C. For Harvesting of Tobacco 77 For Those With Fraud in Mind, They Had Better Beware 78 4,172 High School and College Graduates Placed By Commission 78 More N. C. State College Grads Take Jobs in State and South 78 Wage Study For Selected Occupations Completed in State 79 ESC and Prison Department Join in Experimental Program 80 Highlights of Asheville's Industry and Employment 81 Eight Communities in N. C. Are Eligible for Federal Benefits ,. 82 In N. C, Ample Labor Resources for Industrial Growth 83 Old Age and Survivors Insurance Changes Are Discussed 84 Larger Number of Physically Handicapped Winning Jobs 85 Work Lives On 85 Motor Vehicles Generate Employment For N. C. Workers 86 Automobile Dealers Association Has Nearly 1,000 Members 87 Folger Soon to Begin 50th Year in Automobile Business 89 John Flanagan Buggy Company Celebrates 90th Anniversary 90 Carpenters—Four Generations of Automobile Salesmen 91 Apple Pickers Are Recruited for Record Crop in West N. C 91 North State Chevrolet Company: A Leader in Piedmont N. C 92 From the Bicycle Business to Cadillac-Olds Dealership 93 'We Want to Know All of Our Customers . . . That's Important' 93 Stabler Pontiac Company Boasts Spacious, Colonial-Design Plant 94 They Started With the Peerless; Now a Leading Chevrolet Dealer 94 Deal Buick Co. of Asheville—Sales, Service in Western N. C 95 T&B Oldsmobile—27 Years of Service in Fayetteville 95 Parkland Chevrolet Company : Parts Business Thrives, Too 96 This Company Specializes in Foreign and Sports Cars 97 Yarborough Motor Company, Inc. Began Operations in 1934 98 Cape Fear Motor Sales Selling Fords in Southeastern Section 98 Carolina Garage, Inc.—A Leader in the Sale of Macks 99 Automotive Wholesalers Association—Young But Large 100 For Southern Bearings and Parts, 35 Years of Service 101 From a Small Beginning to a Role of Leadership in N. C 102 N. C. Service Station Association is Active Organization 102 Downtown Garage, Winston-Salem : An Expanded Service 103 Monteath's—Service to Motorists in the Mountains 104 Wrightsville 66: One of N. C.'s Small, Active Service Stations 104 Four-State Area Is Served by Bowers Firm Charlotte Branch 104 An Idea that Mushroomed Into an International Business 105 Off the Assembly Line: Rebuilt Ford Engines and Parts 106 One of Nation's Leaders in Truck, Bus Body Manufacture 108 Thomas Firm's School Busses Distributed Over Wide Area 110 Charlotte Factory Branch Does Large Volume of Business 110 Truck Bodies Built By Murphy Now Rolling in 35 States Ill Triangle : Building Custom-Made Truck Bodies Since 1927 Ill oota*\Ji|>il# JJwoDany : Jobs From Maine to Florida 112 yrWnP fMiftaOtgta State . Its Past and Its Future 113 ftiTensiiied Assault Begw/uV Age Barriers to Employment 115 Jafylsl Bqc«ti> IVfeii^4a*turirf^/S|orage Batteries in 1919 115 rr^ 1'bWo1n sRaTe.r4rarSet TJpf'or 28,000 Employers In State 116 rarajfloyer (^opej-atipmitetoed inJExpanded ESC Program in N. C 117 EmpTnyer Iwpe/iende Mtihg Albounts In North Carolina 118 /-Large Number of ESC Emploj/es Attend Institute at Chapel Hill 124 " Changes ^*vT. ., 125 leant Activity^Measffira in September, 1956 (Chart) 126 PTrWteaffdns of MflUjj&rrait Security Commission of North Carolina 127 yMIKE' DUNNAGAN RETIRES Macon Rush "Mike" Dunnagan, public informa tion officer of the Employment Security Commissio: of North Carolina since 1937, and editor of "Th E. S. C. Quarterly" for many years, retired July 1 Mr. Dunnagan became public relations officer fo .the Commission January 15, 1937, soon after enad ment of the Employment Security (UC) Law by th special session of the General Assembly in Decembei 1936. He has been with the Commission since, e> cept for a period of some four years when he wa on loan with the War Manpower Commission, operal ing the U. S. Employment Service during Worl War II. As editor of "The Quarterly," Mike traveled e> tensively throughout the State and became we known to many of North Carolina's industrial an commercial leaders. He started this magazine am in this publication he has handled special article on close to 2,000 industrial and commercial firms i North Carolina. Prior to his service with the Commission, M; Dunnagan had a wide newspaper and public relation background. A native c Yadkinville, Mr. Dunnaga got his first newspaper jo as a reporter on the Winstoi Salem Journal in Septembe: 1909. A year later he entei ed the University of Nort Carolina, receiving his A.l degree in 1914. He returne to the Journal and becan city editor, serving as sue until April, 1918, when \ entered military servic serving in the Gas Defens Division in Philadelphia f< about a year. Returning to The Journal again, Mr. Dunnagsl continued as city editor for about six months, the he became city editor of the Charlotte Observe After three years he resigned to enter the Pulitzt School of Journalism, Columbia University, Ne York City, receiving his B. Litt. degree in Journd ism in 1923. He was named managing editor of tl Asheville Citizen, remaining there for about a yea| after which he returned to the Charlotte Observer. In 1926 Mr. Dunnagan moved to Durham and b came manager of the Durham News Bureau, lat doing special reporting for the Durham Herald. November, 1927, he was named personal secreta: to Governor McLean, continuing through the 19! session of the General Assembly in Governor Gar ner's administration. He then became capital co respondent for several North Carolina newspape and a Washington newspaper. He handled a seri of industrial articles for North Carolina Educate (Continued on page 124) M. R. Dunnagan NOTE—The cover photo and all of the other "old car" photos used in this magazine were supplied by thl Automobile Manufacturers Association. "The E.S.C Quarterly" is grateful to the AMA for its cooperation il providing these photos for use in this "Automotive Irl dustry" issue. Summer-fall, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 75 Coverage Extended lo 32,000 Additional Tar Heel Workers An additional 32,000 North Carolina workers have :ome under coverage of the Employment Security Law since January 1 of this year. More North Caro-ina workers were covered under the law in the first parter of 1956 than in any earlier period, a report prepared by Hugh M. Raper, director of Research ind Statistics, has shown. The increased coverage is due to a new provision )f the law which went into effect January 1. Under ;hat provision, firms employing four to seven work-ers became liable for tax contributions for the first dme. It is expected that by the end of the year over 55,000 Tar Heel workers will have been brought un-jier the law because of the extended coverage. i The General Assembly, at its 1955 session, amended the law to extend its provisions to employers of four br more workers after Congress had amended the federal Unemployment Tax Act in the same manner. Previously, only employers of eight or more workers were liable. During the first quarter of this year, coverage in !^orth Carolina reached the monthly average of more ;han 794,000—an all-time high. The full impact of ;he expanded coverage will not be reflected until ater quarters, since the requirement is in terms of four or more workers in employment for as many as 20 weeks in a calendar year. Up to June 30, a total of 6,974 firms were brought into the program under the new coverage provision. The total number of firms participating in the pro-gram as of July was 26,599. This figure is likely to exceed 28,000 this year when all firms file reports with the ESC and when investigations are completed by Commission representatives. It is the responsi-bility of employers to notify the ESC whenever they meet requirements for coverage under the law. But ESC field men now are checking on a number of firms from whom reports have not been received. Frequently in checking for coverage under the new provision, the Commission finds employers who actually were liable under the law's old requirements. These employers must pay retroactive contributions plus interest at the rate of six percent per year. Total earnings for the first quarter amounted to $604,972,000 giving a weekly average earning of $58.59. This set a new first quarter record high. Taxable wages amounted to $586,055,000 during the quarter. This was an increase of 17.5 percent over the $498,655,000 in the first quarter of 1955. With the employers' tax averaging 1.23 percent, con-tributions exceeded $7.2 million. fhe Employment Picture: Generally Good Throughout the State The employment picture in North Carolina was generally good during the fall months and the work-ng force is expected to remain stable or increase lightly during the remainder of this year, according o reports from the ESC's Bureau of Research and Statistics. A moderate decline arising from the isual seasonal adjustments is expected for the first f 1957. CHARLOTTE The Charlotte area reported in October that dur-ng the preceding two months, non-farm wage and alaried workers increased moderately, bringing the stimated total to 92,300 (37,870 women). Com- >ared with a year ago, a very substantial employ-nent gain occurred—3,200 or 3.6 percent. During he two months, the most significant gains occurred a trades, transportation, communications and public itilities, and miscellaneous manufacture. Declines ell mainly in textiles, machinery manufacturing, <nd construction. Seasonal activity, which usually gathers speed iter Labor Day and lasts through mid-December, •romises to be intensified this year. A gain of 500 3 expected in trades and 100 in service. Construc-ion anticipates losses brought about by tightening f loans and less favorable weather conditions. Tex-iles will take another drop with another large plant losing. Overall gains of 160 were expected by mid-Novem- 'er. By mid-January, an employment decline of lore than 500 is anticipated. WINSTON-SALEM The Winston-Salem area reported that non-agri-ultural wage and salaried employment declined about 400 between July and September. This was due to a labor-management dispute in the electrical machinery that overbalanced heavy seasonal em-ployment increases in tobacco, plus lesser gains in most other industries. The mid-September non-farm wage and salaried employment level of 64,500 was only about 900 less than a year ago, even with nearly 2,900 striking workers excluded from the current employment total. Some 2,200 workers were added to payrolls of to-bacco stemmeries and re-drying plants. Rising em-ployment also was noted in furniture, trade, and service groups ; employment was down in construc-tion and government. Unemployment was estimated at 3,300 in Septem-ber, down 1,000 from July, but about 100 above the year-ago total. Another seasonal increase in em-ployment of around 900 appears probable by Novem-ber, while unemployment during the same period is expected to drop about 700 to a record low. How-ever, these changes will depend largely upon even-tual developments in tobacco. The outlook by Janu-ary is for a reversal of the recent rising employment trend, as nearly half of the seasonal tobacco work force is released almost simultaneously with mod-erate post-holiday reductions in trade. Heavier cut-backs also are scheduled in construction. These seasonal adjustments and other changes are expected to lower employment totals by about 1,600 and boost the unemployment level to around 4,800. ASHEVILLE Asheville's employment, currently estimated at 48,600, is down slightly (50) from that of July, but (Continued on page 116) PAGE 76 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Summer-fall, 195< Joint Service Offices Filling Vital Roles in ESC Program The Employment Security Commission of North Carolina has two major divisions—Employment Service and Unemployment Insurance—carrying out the broad aspects of the program objectives. There are six joint service offices that provide services necessary for maintenance of plant and equipment, render highly technical or specialized services, and handle personnel requirements of the agency. They RESEARCH AND STATISTICS UNIT: THEY PUT MEANING INTO FIGURES By E. Stanhope Dunn, Supervisor of Reports & Analysis, Bureau of Research and Statistics, ESC The Bureau of Research and Statistics is directly responsible for the research and statistics phase of the Employment Security Program, and in carrying out its function considerable participation in the re-porting program is required of most other branches of the Agency at both the State and local office levels. In fact, practically all of the research and statistics activities of the Bureau comprise the treatment of data collected from or fur-nished by other depart-ments and the local offices. Therefore, at the outset, due credit is given to those who furnish the Agency's operating statistcs which enables the Bureau to fulfill its responsibility. Research and statistics in Employment Security is likened to a combination of the accounting, sales, and research departments of a large corporation. With respect to accounting, it is true that the Bureau does not have to account for the money that is expended by the Agency, but it does have to keep an accounting of practically all of the ser-vices that are derived from the spending of such money. Research and Statistics takes on some of the aspects of a sales department in that much of its work is concerned with promoting Agency accom-plishments through the medium of regular releases of operating statistics and analyses of these data. Also, it disseminates valuable labor market informa-tion to workers, employers, and the public in general. Then, like research departments in industry, the Bureau is often engaged in research for the purpose of guiding and bettering Employment Security operations and services. Thus, the responsibilities and work of Research and Statistics in Employment Security can be classified under three broad groups : namely, (1) Accounting, Reporting, and Evaluating; (2) Research; and (3) Labor Market Information. Accounting, Reporting, and Evaluating This phase of Research and Statistics consists of the following treatment of the Agency's operating (Continued on page 119) Hugh M. Raper, Director of the Bureau of Research and Statistics, ESC. are : Office of Business Management, Office of Chie Counsel, Office of Personnel, Bureau of Research am Statistics, Evaluation and Training, and Informa tional Service. Responsibilities and functions of two of thes offices—Bureau of Research and Statistics, am Office of Chief Counsel—are discussed in the fo) lowing articles. COMMISSION'S LEGAL DEPARTMENT PERFORMING MANY, VARIED DUTIE! By W. D. Holoman, Chief Counsel The office of Chief Counsel of the Employmen Security Commission is composed of the Chie Counsel, three attorneys, and a hearings reporte and four secretaries. It is directly responsible t the Chairman of the Commission. One of the pri mary functions of this department is to interpre the Employment Security Law and to serve as leg? advisor to the Commission, the Chairman and a departments or divisions of the Employment Securit Commission. The Chief Counsel and the members of his staff counsel and ad-vise the Chairman, the Commission, department heads, supervisors and per-sonnel of the Commission, on policy, administration and legal questions involv-ing the Employment Secur-ity Program, including the formulation and prepara-tion of legal rulings, inter-pretations and Statements of Policy for adoption by the Commission which, af-ter adoption by the Com-mission, are official inter-pretations binding upon the officials and agents of the Commission. They review Rules and Regulations promulgated under the ai thority of the Employment Security Law and assi: in the preparation of same and approve such Ruk and Regulations before adoption. When official! adopted by the Commission, these Rules and Regul; tions have the effect of law. They give advisory opii ions to employers throughout the State with respei to liability under the provisions of the Employmei Security Law and to employees (claimants) wit respect to their benefit rights. The Chief Counsel and the members of his sta represent the Commission in all court actions ar judicial proceedings in all of the courts throughoi the State of North Carolina. This includes the pr paration of transcripts of record which must be ce titled to the Superior Courts and to the Supren Court for judicial review; the preparation of tri briefs and the actual trial of the cases in the court It also includes the preparation and presentation the courts of all petitions and orders to compel tl1 production of records and documents and procee (Continued on page 121) D. Holoman, ! Counsel, ESC UMMER-FALL, 1 956 THE E. S. C QUARTERLY PAGE 77 (Stale college pnotos.) Tiro of North Carolina's big money crops are tobacco and cotton. Note pipes for irrigation. ARM PLACEMENT SERVICE: Having Workers at the Right Place and at the Rinhl Time One of the major programs conducted by the Em-oyment Security Commission of North Carolina is le Farm Placement Service, an activity that plays vital role in the harvesting of crops in the agricul-iral East and in some areas in the Blue Ridge ountains. This program recruits and places local, tra-state, and inter-state workers in the harvest-g of such crops as cabbage, beans, gladiola, white )tatoes, squash, cucumbers, pepper, sweet corn, sed corn, tobacco, cotton, sweet potatoes, straw- >rries and peaches. The aim of the Farm Place-ent Service has been directed toward having an nple supply of workers at the right place and at ie right time without any undue loss of crop caused j lack of labor. In both war and peace times the arm Placement Service has met this goal. The farm placement activities fall into two major itegories—seasonal and year-round. Seasonal ac-vities are directed toward the harvesting of major ops with "day-hauls" and migratory labor. These orkers are secured through local intra-state and iter-state channels. In the year-round program ie Farm Placement Service is concerned chiefly ith securing sharecroppers, tenants, and regular irm laborers. One of the most effective ways used Y the Farm Placement Service in securing these orkers is the "Farm Clinic". During these "Farm linics", held throughout the state on designated days om December through March, arrangements are lade for farm employers and farm workers to meet ad work out year-round work agreements. One of the most interesting phases of the Farm lacement Program is the placement of North Caro-na tobacco curers in Canada. For about 35 years, sperienced tobacco curers from this state have been laking the trip to Canada. The program began in 920 with only a few dozen people involved and grew :eadily until in 1940 a peak of 2,000 workers was cached. In recent years the number of people in-olved in these annual trips has been decreasing iid in 1955 there were only about 1,000. But this fear nearly 2,000 border-crossing permits were is-led. The Farm Placement Service uncovered some in- 3,000 WORKERS ARE B N. C. FOR HARVESTING teresting facts in a study it conducted to learn why these tobacco curers go to Canada. A cross section of tobacco-curing applicants was studied and it was (Continued on page 123) 3HT INTO OF TOBACCO Some 3,000 workers were brought into the State from Mississippi and other Southern states this year to help harvest North Carolina's tobacco crop. They began arriving in the State around July 4 under the program carried out by the Employment Security Commission of North Carolina. In Lenoir County, with some 17,000 acres of to-bacco, close to 400 workers were brought in from Mississippi, largely from Vicksburg, Lexington and Greenwood. In Pitt County, with about 34,000 acres of tobacco, 1,000 out-of-area workers were recruited, including about 300 workers from Mississippi and Florida. In the Mt. Olive area, 275 workers from Mississippi joined 200 migrant workers from Florida, Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina to help in harvesting the tobacco crop. That picture held true throughout the heavy to-bacco- producing section of Eastern Carolina. In some counties, including Wake, out-of-state workers were used this year for the first time. Under the program conducted by the ESC, farmers needing the seasonal labor are contacted by repre-sentatives of the Commission at spring meetings held throughout the tobacco-producing areas of the State. At these sessions, the farmer lets the ESC repre-sentative know the number of workers he'll need and the workers are recruited through ESC officials in other Southern states. The farmer agrees to fur-nish the workers living quarters. The workers usually travel in crews, under crew leaders, and arrive in this State by truck and bus. Used to supplement local labor, about 90 percent of them make "good hands," farmers report, and many return year after year to the same farmer. PAGE 78 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Summer-fall, 195 IT'S PROMPT PAYMENT FOR THOSE ELIGIBLE, BUT— For Those With Fraud In Mind, They Had Belter Beware The Employment Security Commission of North Carolina promptly pays benefits to those persons who are unemployed and eligible for unemployment in-surance checks. But the Commission also is on the alert for those persons who may try to collect bene-fits when they are not eligible to receive the checks. Even though it's a losing cause, there are some persons who will try to take advantage of a program that has benefited hundreds of thousands of North Carolinians. But the Commission has a specially-trained watchdog crew that defeats those with fraud in mind. This fraud detection and prevention unit brought 1,558 cheaters to grief last year alone. A report prepared by S. F. Teague, Chief of Benefits for the ESC, reveals that out of 1,712 cases prosecuted, there were only 154 in which the defendant was ac-quitted or a nol-pros was taken. The Commission does a careful, thorough screen-ing job in deciding which cases are to be prosecuted. In finding that 1,712 cases warranted prosecutions, investigators checked into a total of 4,902 cases of suspected overpayment or fraud. The courts do not look kindly upon anyone who has tried to get an illegal check. When convicted of fraud, a person is subject to a fine of $20-$50, or 30 days in jail. Further, the courts may order that tr Commission be repaid or the Commission deduc the overpayments from any future benefits to ths person. One of the stiffer penalties is the loss of bene! rights. The law provides that an individual coi victed of fraud shall not be entitled to receive ben fits for one year beginning with the first day of ar benefit week in which fraud is proved. Generally, fraud involves failure to report eari ings. Then, there are cases where persons refufl offers of work, or give false information as to wfcj they left their last employment. The Commission has 22 claims deputies in the fie] and a department in the central office checking c possible fraud. In running down suspected cases ( fraud, they go through the usual procedures of checl ing employer wage reports and benefit payment re ords. And there are special investigations in ce:< tain areas. But outsiders help, too, in stacking tr cards against any person looking for the illeg; dollar. Frequently, other claimants will "put tl1 finger" on somebody who received a check illegally All in all, it's a losing game. Fortunately, moi and more people are beginning to realize that, Con mission officials say. More N. C. State College Grads Take Jobs In State and South More engineering seniors at North Carolina State College accepted employment in North Carolina and the South this year than last, according to the 1955- 56 Placement Report prepared by Mrs. Marie P. Wicker, placement director for the N. C. State Col-lege School of Engineering. Industry and government in North Carolina at-tracted 67 seniors this June, compared to 50 in 1955, the report states. Including those who will work in the State, 144 engineering seniors elected to remain in the South, while only 112 accepted employment in the South in 1955. Fifty-seven seniors accepted employment out of the South, with the largest num-ber, 17, going to work in California. In 1955, there were 206 graduates in engineering; in 1956, there were 232. Aircraft companies and manufacturing and re-search companies in the electrical and electronics in-dustry employed more graduates than any other types of industry, the report says. Salary offers took another jump upward this year, according to the report. A total of 943 offers were reported by the seniors. Salary offers in 916 known cases averaged $417.21 a month. Accepted salaries are known for 188 of the 201 seniors who have gone to work. For these graduates, monthly salaries accepted averaged $421.84 for a 40-hour week, exclusive of overtime payments, cost-of- living allowances, bonuses, and other financial ad-ditions. Salaries accepted ranged from $350 to $550 a month. 4,712 High School and College Graduates Placed By Commissio A total of 4,712 of this year's high school and cc lege graduates were placed in their first regular jc through a special program carried out by the En ployment Security Commission of North Carolina ESC Chairman Henry E. Kendall released a r port on placement of graduates covering the peric July 1, 1955 to June 30, 1956. The program, administered by the Employmei Security Commission's Employment Service Div sion, is aimed at finding jobs for graduates of fou year colleges, junior colleges, commercial and bus ness schools, and for high school graduates who ( not plan to go to college. Under this program, Commission representative work with placement officials at the various colleg and universities, and give general aptitude tests ar counseling service in the high schools. Chairman Kendall said that through this proces regular positions were found for 345 graduates four-year colleges, 184 graduates of junior college and 433 graduates of commercial and busine schools. A total of 3,750 high school graduates we: placed in jobs through this special placement pn gram, which is set up to make the placements at tl end of the regular school year. It was pointed out in the report that the placemei figures cover only graduates who were placed in the first permanent job. Not included were graduat placed in temporary jobs or those placed in new joli after leaving former positions. UMMER-FALL, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 79 Wage Study For Selected Occupations Completed In Stale By Hugh M. Raper, Director, Bureau of Research and Statistics, ESC The story of what changes have taken place in orker's wages and salaries always has interest for nployers and for workers. There are many sources >r data which suggest the answer to questions as to ends in per capita income, average weekly earnings : workers, and other general wage concepts. There not but little information available in terms of >ecifically defined non-production jobs on a local-ed basis. In each recent pre-legislative year the North Caro- 1a State Personnel Department has requested the jmployment Security Commission to make a survey [ the wage and salary rates paid to selected occu-ational groups represented on the State's payroll rid likewise extensively used by industrial, trade rid service firms in all parts of the State. These ata, along with similar data derived from other purees, are used by the Personnel Department to etermine wage and salary trends and in preparing s recommendations to the Advisory Budget Com-lission and the North Carolina General Assembly. It goes without saying that the wage structure in ldustry and commerce is constantly changing, par-cularly at a time when the whole economic structure ; making rapid advances. The Personnel Depart-ient's interest lies in both the nature and scope of lese changes. Actually in the 1956 Survey 50 different jobs were efined and included in the study. For its own pur-oses the Employment Security Commission supple-mented the Personnel Department's list with seven jobs in electronics and fabricated metal products industries. Briefly, the survey procedure follows : (1) The fifty-six employment security local offices contacted and collected wage data from 748 firms in all parts of the State representing all types of industry, trade and service employing workers represented on the list. (2) These reports were edited in the Bureau of Re-search and Statistics and tabulations were pre-pared by the Bureau of Machine Services for each office area and for each job. (3) These tabulated data for all jobs are compiled into a state-wide summary report; and, when the number of workers represented three or more establishments, area data were developed. In the smaller office areas, groupings were made so that a reasonable coverage of listed jobs could be given without divulging individual firm rates. Specific area data were developed for the fourteen larger office areas while fifteen groupings were made for smaller areas; e.g., Rutherfordton-Henderson-ville ; Elizabeth City-Edenton-Williamston and Wash-ington. The State Summary Report for the 43 occupations making up the study for the State Personnel Depart-ment follows : POSITION TITLES Total Number of Workers Average Weekly Earn-ings Under $25. CO % 25.00 to 27.49 $ 27.50 to .9.99 $ 30.00 to 34.99 S 35.00 to 39.99 $ 40.00 to 44.99 S 45.00 to 49.99 S 50.00 to 54.99 $ 55.00 to 59.99 $ 60.00 to 64.99 65.00 to 69.99 S 70.00 to 79.99 $ 80.00 to 89.99 $ 90.00 to 99.98 S 100.00 to 509.99 110.00 to 124.99 $ 125.00 to 139.99 $ 140.00 to 154.99 $ 155.00 to 169.99 $ 170.00 to 184.99 $ 185. 0C to 199.9? S 200.00 and Over erkl 2,256 1,441 1,438 1,083 3,125 1,020 233 757 628 275 74 21 84 445 325 9 145 45 1,177 176 11 21 55 75 181 68 1,211 1,202 201 171 100 60 1,415 488 12,294 851 1,310 2,354 1,390 430 444 56 93 47.16 64.83 47.68 52.23 62.72 54.46 74.86 57.01 74.79 107.64 57.07 51.50 49.57 51.24 51.81 68.27 68.19 108.56 51.71 63.17 112.40 132.28 103.13 129.64 73.50 87.45 73.78 72.21 94.44 65.23 83.94 118.72 44.59 32.03 45.61 77.24 68.77 58.13 63.04 72.68 73.58 64.72 52.73 2 16 30 9 20 5 84 36 46 14 4 10 788 74 422 174 27 222 2 89 10 505 117 369 226 31 112 4 121 18 593 213 404 224 124 143 11 160 64 5 12 8 25 81 100 99 200 90 256 153 293 23 139 43 4 14 3 4 45 57 5 13 1 232 10 1 65 124 43 117 443 67 34 77 63 6 4 29 92 19 39 129 72 40 50 67 2 10 25 392 7 24 163 67 33 44 161 17 5 2 1 14 9 16 99 4 3 31 15 41 19 87 28 4 4 56 1 erklll . 21 7 1 T)ist Clerk I 1 12 enographer Clerk I 1 enographer Clerk III 17 14 18 26 42 45 1 2 2 9 14 33 67 1 3 ock Supervisor I counting Clerk I counting Clerk III 18 1 5 12 25 38 8 30 7 21 5 3 1 3 uplicating Mach. Op. II— aphotype Operator idressograph Operator :okkeepirg Mach. Op. II. ey Punch Operator II ey Punch Unit Supervisor lb. Equip. Operator II 1 10 7 19 120 55 13 1 22 102 73 2 3 2 3 7 5 4 44 13 3 29 1 120 26 3 20 2 1 8 8 1 1 1 8 5 16 25 21 23 18 3 33 29 1 12 7 4 23 13 6 1 3 1 5 10 2 1 3 2 17 2 15 8 40 49 36 4 6 10 1 3 3 1 11 13 46 6 76 4 414 40 208 ib. Technic. II (Non-med.) 17 2 9 10 22 7 5 16 3 23 1 5 3 28 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 22 5 186 124 4 13 7 1 22 3 365 367 37 43 14 2 22 4 221 149 196 366 570 227 176 12 13 9 2 23 12 251 205 34 19 21 4 1 13 3 14 7 60 93 45 2 17 9 1 10 1 2 1 4 4 1 4 30 10 1 9 18 19 43 73 17 4 86 106 2 22 3 24 15 151 131 5 38 3 ngineering Aide II. 2 1 3 echanic Foreman . 7 utomotive Parts Clerk I.. 6 2 1 1 7 • 1 7 6 14 6 14 8 2 hemist III 18 5 3 1 16 188 12 25 37 6 27 18 2 82 81 465 98 5 1,188 596 66 5,333 9 43 455 7 16 208 12 2,375 12 81 259 13 in 4 4 16 181 59 1,053 69 135 477 84 11 15 5 9 61 13 729 49 119 216 82 10 28 5 6 94 5 710 109 145 203 197 26 48 15 8 4 188 82 318 107 182 56 82 3 1 laid 11 161 119 91 115 28 52 6 2 1 87 48 119 118 3 18 3 1 55 78 2 15 42 21 51 4 12 5 1 11 2 6 1 9 1 16 7 31 2 5 ieet Metal Worker elder II 1 1 3 2 rounds Maintenance Man 32 1 A somewhat different Summary Report was pre- »ared for the seven positions studied in the elec-tronics- fabricated machined products group, report follows : This PAGE 80 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY SUMMER-FALL, 1 95(\ POSITION TITLES JOB DEFINITIONS No. of Workers In Sample Average Weekly Earnings $ 40.00 to 44.99 "45.00 to 49.99 $ 50.00 to 54.99 % 55.00 to 59.99 $ 60.00 to 64.99 % 65.00 to 69.99 % 70.00 to 79.99 % 80.00 to 89.99 I 90.00 to 99.99 I 100.1 to 124.! Electrical Wirer Assembler. ... - - Perform wiring, assembling and soldering operations on a limited variety of product parts, sub-assemblies and electrical chassis following instructions, prototype, or sample and using standard methods and procedures. Dress wires, follow color code in fastening, solder connection and clean. May perform other duties under direction such as repair returned assemblies. Simple repetitive short cvcle assembly of a few parts on bench or conveyor following prescribed methods. Fixtures usually provided where applicable. Examine articles after various stages of manufacturing or processing or after completion. May use various devices for measuring, testing and checking. Drill, ream, tap, bore, etc., to layout or using complicated jigs. Close tolerances. Set-ups may require blocking and aligning of parts. Select speeds, feeds, tooling, determine operation sequence. Numerous unusual operations such as drilling large number of very small holes, deep drilling, boring to exacting requirements, etc. May lay out work as required. Perofrm a range of blanking, piercing and forming operations on a variety of parts. Set-up press; adjust air or mechanical knock-out devices, auto-matic roll or dial feed mechanisms and length of ram stroke and operate press. Determine when dies need sharpening. Operate single or multiple spindle automatics for a normal range of opera-tions, following standard procedures and general instructions. Operate only afterset-ups have been made and checked by others. Remove, sharpen and reset tools, gauge work, make slight adjustments when necessary. Repetitive grinding using magnetic chuck or fixtures for holding work. Simple set-ups. Close tolerances but not difficult to maintain. Speeds, feeds, wheels usually prescribed. Dress wheels. 855 1.920 013 256 219 78 53 53.16 50.06 58.13 61. n 54.87 59.71 60.64 42 484 90 17 34 2 3 141 813 86 15 51 3 3 532 288 351 23 32 25 10 65 192 65 66 35 10 7 6 77 100 53 42 13 13 63 32 92 13 2 19 12 1 12 87 43 2 5 2 i 22 16 26 21 1 3 1 15 Drill Press Operator, Single Multi-Spindle Puneh Press Operator Screw Machine Op- Grinder, Service A comparative analysis of the average weekly wage scales effective in June 1952 with those shown in the June 1956 study for twenty-four jobs in which no material changes in the defined job responsibili-ties suggests that a decided up-grading has taken place in the wage and salary pattern in the foui year period. These changes are shown by geners type of position in the following tabular arrange ment. Clerical Positions Clerk I Steno. Clerk I Steno. Clerk III Percent Change 17.9 17.4 13.0 Machine Operators and Supervisors lvev Punch Unit Supervisor-. Percent Change Stock Clerk I . 12.9 28.2 Tabulating Equipment Operator II. . .. 8.9 24.0 24.0 27.7 11.3 9.5 Professional Positions Civil Engineer I „ _. . _ Mechanics and Machinists Mechanic Foreman Machinist II .... _ . ... Chemist I_ _ - Chemist III . 17.0 9.2 Civil Engineer III . 5.4 3.6 1.0 19.2 13.1 Mechanic II-. -- -- 11.1 ^ Perceni Chang Custodial—Buildings and Grounds Grounds Maintenance Man 27.8 Janitor 15.8 Maid 12.4 Laborers and Foremen Labor 17.4 Labor Foreman 11.9 ESC and Prison Department Join In Experimental Program Some months ago, the Employment Security Com-mission and the State Prison Department began a series of discussion looking towards providing more job opportunities for released prisoners. Those discussions and long planning were culminated Oc-tober 15 in the beginning of an experimental pro-gram in rehabilitation of released prisoners. ESC Chairman Henry E. Kendall and Prison Di-rector William F. Bailey announced that four prison camps will take part in the experimental program that will run for six months, ending April 15. If the project proves successful, it will be extended to other camps. Those prison camps participating in the program will be Camp 603 at Fayetteville, D. C. Lewis, super-intendent; Camp 701, Graham, H. T. McAdams, superintendent; Camp 804, Troy, D. L. Freeman, superintendent; and Camp 704, McLeansville, T. J. Mitchell, superintendent. It was explained that the cooperative venture will work like this: The Prison Department will make available for interview those prisoners who wish assistance in securing employment. The interviews will be con-ducted on a regularly scheduled basis 15 days before release during normal working hours Monda through Friday. The Prison Department also wi provide ESC interviewers with any "pertinent infoi mation" that might affect employment. Interviewers from the local employment office i the area in which the camp is located will register th prisoners and forward employment applications t appropriate local offices around the State. Emploj ment counseling and testing will be provided by th ESC local office in the area in which the prisone desires employment. Mr. Kendall and Mr. Bailey said the Commissio will attempt to place releasees in work "that wi provide occupational, social, and economic rehabil tation." It was stressed that this program is a pilot stud: If results justify the time and efforts of the Priso Department and the Employment Security Commit sion, the cooperative program will be extende( they said. At the request of George W. Randall, chairma of the State Board of Paroles, discussions are beinl held between representatives of the Paroles Boar! and the ESC concerning development of a job plactj ment program for prisoners eligible for parole. UMMER-FALL, 1 956 THE E. S. C QUARTERLY PAGE 81 Asheville, largest city in Western North Carolina. I Highlights of Asheville's Industry and Employment By Elizabeth DeKay Johnson, State Labor Market Analyst, Bureau of Research and Statistics, Employ-ment Security Commission of No?*th Carolina This is ninth of a series of articles discussing employment conditions in leading North Carolina cities. Asheville was selected for this issue because it ranks high as a trade and distribution center. Asheville, county seat of Buncombe and largest ty of western North Carolina, has a population pproximating 55,000. Located in the "Land of le Sky," a part of the fertile plateau lying between le highest ranges of the Great Smokies and the lue Ridge Mountains, it is best known as a vaca-on and resort area. However, since 1952 manu-icturing has been expanding, and constitutes an nportant segment of the local economy. Itself un-rowded and in a predominantly rural area, Ashe-ille is so situated that within a 400 mile radius lie 11 of North and South Carolina, and most of Vir-inia, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, .labama and Georgia with a combined population xceeding 30,000,000. Though the city proper has experienced rela-tively small population gains due to the fact that I limits have not been extended since 1930, the utlying areas have had a steady, healthy growth, onsequently, the population increase of Buncombe ounty is more properly an indicator of both urban nd rural gains. Currently estimated at more than 34,000, its 14.4 percent growth during the 1940—50 eriod slightly exceeded the State rate, and occur-ad despite a continued heavy outmigration to more ighly industrialized areas. Nonagricultural employment of wage salaried workers fluctuated seasonally between 36,300 and 37,900 in 1956. Manufacturing, accounting for about one-third of the wage earners, remained relatively stable. Trade and service hiring two-fifths of the salaried workers, followed their usual seasonal cycles. Both substantially expanded dur-ing the summer months under the impact of the tourist season, and trade had another upsurge in November and December for the holiday buying. In manufacturing, textiles and industrial organic chemicals (synthetic fibers) dominate the employ-ment picture and together account for almost two-thirds of the workers. The other third are well di-versified and include makers of apparel, furniture, lumber and wood products, food products, electrical machinery, fabricated and machined metal pro-ducts, parachutes, jewelry, and silveware. Total employment in the more than 100 manufacturing firms was 12,200 in September 1956. Textile mills of the area, 18 in number, account for 3,600 to 3,900 workers. Over half of these are in mills making cotton fabrics, blankets and napped fabrics. Others are in numerous large and small plants with a variety of products such as : full fash-ioned hose, men's socks, wiping cloths, rugs, home-spun fabrics, and cashmere sweaters, and in firms engaged in dyeing and finishing of textiles. Closely related to the textile industry is the manufacture of synthetic fibers, and the rayon-nylon producer is among the largest plants of the area. In addition to the "big two" of manufacturing — PAGE 82 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY SUMMER-FALL, 195 textiles and industrial organic chemicals—apparel, furniture and fixtures, and lumber and wood prod-ucts rank high with about 800 employees in each in-dustry. Firms engaged in the manufacture of ap-parel produce a wide variety of articles, including: women's and children's sportswear; women's under-wear and nightwear; ready-to-wear coats, suits and dresses; men's and boys' shirts; and nylon handbags. Furniture manufacturers make: wood household furniture and wood parts for furniture; mattresses and bedsprings ; Venetian blinds and awnings; small furniture; and made-to-order furni-ture and fixtures. In the lumber industry most of the local employment is centered in sawmills and planings mills; however, there are numerous logg-ing contractors and several producers of carved and other wood novelties. Other manufacturing with total employment of approximately 2,400 includes firms producing: flour, feeds, cornmeal, meat products, bakery products, bottled soft drinks, ice cream and dairy products, plastic pipe and tubing, abrasives and cleaning powder, harnesses and leather goods, stamps and seals, optical goods, custom made tools and dies, steel rock bits, textile machinery, fabricated struc-tural steel, hand-made silver and copper jewelry, and cargo parachutes. Among the newer industries to locate in the Ashe-ville area are the electronics and silverware manu-facturers. These are evidencing a healthy growth and include among their products such electrical equipment as: insulators, resistors, and synchroni-zers. The silverware plant makes both flatware and hollowware. The importance of the nonmanufacturing seg-ment of the local economy is shown by the fact that of nonagricultural wage and salaried workers, 67 percent (25,000 to 27,000) are so engaged. Among these industries trade and service dominate, trade accounting for 8,300 to 8,800 depending on the sea-son, and service giving employment to some 8,000 to 8,300 persons. Construction fuctuates from 2,000 to 2,500 ; trans-portation, communication, and public utilities usual-ly hire about 2,800 ; government 2,000 to 2,200 ; and finance, insurance and real estate 1,200. Trade is the most important nonmanufacturing industry with employment exceeding the combined payrolls of the two largest manufacturing indus-tries. Asheville's role as a thriving trade center is due in part to the fact that it is the largest city west of Charlottee, and in part to the expanded buying power resulting from tourist and resort business. According to the 1954 Census of Business there were 1,195 retail and 185 wholesale establishments in the area in November of that year. Sales for the year amounted to $119,293,000 in retail and $116,669,000 in wholesale stores. Asheville is a city of few large, and many small employing units. Nonmanufacturing establishments (excluding educational, medical, and governmental) number about 2,000, and have an average employ-ment of 7 persons. Though 50 to 60 units employ more than 50 persons, only 20 to 25 have 100 or more on their payrolls, while some 1,100 employ fewer than 4 workers. Manufacturing shows the same characteristics, with only 20 units employing more than 100 persons and about 70 having fewe than 8 on their payrolls. A network of highways and railways radiatl from Asheville, testifying to its importance and a( cessibility. Ample and varied transportation i provided by ; 4 lines of the Southern Railway ; 3 ah lines (Delta, Capital and Piedmont) ; 5 State an 5 U. S. highways ; motor freight and motor transfe companies; and interstate and intrastate bus con panies. A more-than-ample local labor supply i available. It consists primarily of native born whit workers who have ably demonstrated their willing ness and ability to fit into the pattern of industrij employment. Asheville and its environs is not only favorabl located as a resort and tourist area, but endowe with those topographical, climatic, and populatio characteristics which make of it a desirable are for the location of new industries and expansion c existing ones. EIGHT COMMUNITIES IN N. C. ARE ELIGIBLE FOR FEDERAL BENEFIT According to the latest study made by the Burea of Employment Security of the U. S. Department c Labor, eight North Carolina communities are elig ble for federal benefits in plant construction and pre duction contracts because they have been classifie as areas of substantial labor surplus. Two of North Carolina's large cities—Durham an Asheville—are eligible for the benefits. Other area eligible under the Defense Manpower Policy pre viding procurement preference and rapid amortiz tion include Kinston, Rocky Mount, FayettevilL Mt. Airy, Shelby-Kings Mountain, and Waynesvill In all of these areas, the number of workers seel ing employment is considerably in excess of th currently available job opportunities. Under th Defense Manpower Policy, plants in these towr, may receive priority when governmental contrad are awarded, in keeping with the policy of directin the government's buying towards firms located i labor surplus areas. The policy also encourages industrial developmer in these areas by allowing firms a stepped-up ta write-off of costs of construction of new plants c expansion of their facilities. Three other major areas in the State were repor ed as having a "moderate" labor surplus. Thes were Charlotte, Winston-Salem, and the Green; boro-High Point area. In areas classified as areas of "substantial" labc surplus, unemployment is more than 6 percent c the total labor force. Classification is made by the federal agency o studies carried out by the Bureau of Research an Statistics of the Employment Security Commissioi In the larger metropolitan areas, the study is mad bi-monthly. In the smaller areas, the study is mac each six months. UMMER-FALL, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 83 In N.C., Ample Labor Resources For Industrial Growth ly Robert G. Kellogg, Research and Methods Spe-cialist, Bureau of Research and Statistics, ESC One asset necessary for industrial expansion is ibor. North Carolina has a surplus; consequently ae importance of promoting industrial growth and ncouraging the full and intelligent utilization of lis partially dormant labor force. In every county throughout the State, there exists labor reserve recruitable for new or expanding in-ustry. This supply can be divided in two broad roups : those persons actively seeking employment, nd those who would accept jobs under favorable trcumstances. The first group, those seeking employment, na-irally would include the unemployed persons in the rork force—about 20 percent of the total recruitable ibor force. Also included are the underemployed: ersons engaged on a seasonal or intermittent basis ho are desirous of full-time industrial employ-ient, or who are working in jobs not utilizing their lighest skill or providing opportunity for economic dvancement. Second Broad Group Several segments comprise the second broad roup of workers who would accept employment tily under favorable circumstances. These persons ould be recruitable by industries paying wages nd offering working conditions equal to, or slightly etter than, the existing industrial pattern of the rea. Industries affording these conditions could re-ruit labor from such groups as : Housewives who would join the labor force; of-ten wage scales have to be sufficient to make the employment of a domestic worker to care for the home or children profitable. Workers now commuting to other areas due to lack of local opportunity, but who prefer work in their home community in order to reduce the physical and financial burdens attributable to commuting. Young people who could be induced to join the labor force of the area upon graduation from school or release from military service if jobs with advancement potential were available. Handicapped workers and older employables not currently being absorbed by existing industry since these firms do not have operations which could take full advantage of the latent skills found in this group. . Minority groups that would readily accept regu-lar work should industry create conditions fa-vorable to their employment. . New entrants from agriculture seeking industrial employment for the first time, but who will re-main on the farm unless such work would ap-preciably increase their incomes. One Aim: Stabilization . One of the important functions of the Employ-ment Security Commission is to promote stabiliza-ion of the labor force. In order to do this, it is ecessary to first ascertain the number and charac-eristics of the recruitable group, and then pro- RECRUITABLE LABOR ESTIMATE October 195 DEFINITION OP RECRUITABLE WORKER i person deemed available for employment locally in anew or expanding Industry offering wanes and working conditions equal to or slightly battar taaa the present indnatrlal pattera of the area. Recruitment woold be from ssch froaps as: (1) The unemployed and underemployed; (2) Housewives avail-able ander conditions more favorable than tboae existing; (s)Vorkers nowcon-matitf or employed at distant points who prefer local employment; 14) Tontha expected to Join the labor force; and (S) other segments. f ,„. Asheville l/ v.n. 20 (lie Radius *<Road Miles) Sstinate of Recruitable Workers in Defined Ares 9,600 Total Population of Defined Area llA.OOO Characteristics Total White Ot"ner M F M F Total (1. 2. and_a add^dj, 9,600 3,580 k,86o 'h6o 700 1. Skilled 535 390 110 35 2. semiskilled 1,645 730 850 35 30 3. unskilled 2/ 7,1*20 2,1+60 3,900 390 670 Trainable anon; unskilled under 45 years of age 5,700 1,930 3,010 260 500 Basic Trade of Experienced workers Skilled Semiskilled 1. Mechanical 70 85 2. Textile 185 760 t. Furniture 10 50 h. Sewing 20 3^5 5 . Construction 185 80 • The defined area iacladas only those regions providing highway accessibility and road cosditioas which permit a worker to reach his place of employment with travel approxi-mating the specified radisa. OCMflEHTS: 1/ U. S. Department of labor classified area of substantial labor surplus. Industry eligible for preferential defense contract consideration and accelerated tax amortization. 2/ Available employment insufficient to assimilate new entrants to labor force; therefore considerable out-migration. High percentage of unskilled workers are under 1*5 years of age and yr^Sa e^L|y ?or industrial skills. BUREAU OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICS EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION OF NORTH CAROLINA RALEIGH. NORTH CAROLIUA mote the development of industry to utilize this work force. Civic and industrial promotion organizations in areas with a surplus labor supply frequently request aid in analyzing and presenting their recruitable re-serve in the most advantageous way to prospective industry. On the other hand, employers often di-rect inquiries asking for data relative to the labor supply situation in locations being considered for new or expanded facilities. Unfortunately the number of North Carolina communities with labor surpluses seeking industry is much greater than industrialists seeking locations. In order to provide this information, a program is operated whereby each Employment Service Of-fice in the State makes bimonthly estimates of the (Continued on page 124) Page 84 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Summer-fall, i 95t Old km and Survivors Insurance Changes Are Discussed By M. D. Dewberry, Regional Representative, Re-gion III, Department of Health, Education, and Wel-fare, Social Security Administration, Bureau of Old- Age and Survivors Insurance, Charlottesville, Va. In the last issue of the Quarterly we discussed most of the changes in the Social Security Act as amended in 1954. In this issue we will bring you up to date by outlining the improvements made by the 1956 Amendments. This will include coverage for additional professional self-employed persons, benefits for women at age 62, disability benefit pay-ments at age 50 and coverage for policemen and firemen. Benefit payments have not been changed except for the actuarial reduction for women under age 65. However, the tax rate on employees and employers increases to 2 1/i % each on wages paid after 1956. For the self-employed person the tax rate increases to 3%% on earnings for taxable years ending after 1956. Extension of Coverage: Self-employed lawyers, dentists, osteopaths, veterinarians, chiropractors, naturopaths and optometrists were covered under social security for the first time by the 1956 Amendments to the Social Security Act. This coverage is effective for taxable years ending after 1955. Benefits could be payable to this group be-ginning with April 1957, or earlier if reports are made on a fiscal year basis. Practically all types of self-employment are now covered under social se-curity except for doctors of medicine. The new provision in the law covering some land-lords is particularly important to the people in North Carolina. Under this provision the cash or crop shares a landlord receives from his tenant or share-cropper will count towards social security if he participates materially in the production or management of the farm. This provision is ef-fective for taxable years ending after 1955. Military service is covered the same as any other employment effective January 1957. This means that a person entering the service will pay the same tax and receive the same credit for his base pay as if he was working for any other employer. More-over credit is given for service after 1950, regard-less of any other benefits which might be paid based on the same service, provided there was some active duty after 1956. Benefits for Women: Women are now eligible to begin receiving benefit payments as early as age 62. However, if she starts receiving a wife's benefit or her own benefit based on past employment the amount of the benefit is actuarially reduced. If she elects to receive a wife's benefit before age 65, the full wife's benefit would be by 25/36 of 1% for each month she is under 65. If she elects to re-ceive her own benefits before age 65, the full amount is reduced by 5/9 of 1% for each month she is un-der 65. Widows and dependent mothers may receive a full benefit at age 62 without any reduction. The tables below give some examples of the bene-fits that will be paid at different ages : WOMEN WORKERS' BENEFITS Amount of Monthly Benefit Average It Claimed If Claimed If Claimed If Claimed Monthly at 62nd at 63rd at 64th at 65th Birthday Earnings Birthday Birthday Birthday or Later $ 45 S 24 . 00 t 26.00 $ 28.00 $ 30.00 101) 44 . 00 47.70 51.40 55.00 150 54.80 59.40 64.00 68.50 200 62.80 68.10 73.30 78.50 250 70.80 76.70 82.60 88.50 300 78.80 85.40 92.00 98.50 350 86.80 94.10 101.30 108.50 WIFE'S BENEFITS Amount of Monthly Benefit Worker's Benefit Amount 30.00 55.00 68.50 78.50 88.50 98.50 108.51) If Claimed at 62nd j Birthday 11.30 20.70 25.80 29.50 33.30 37.00 40.80 If Claimed at 63rd Birthday 12.50 23.00 28.60 32.80 37.00 41.10 45.30 If Claimed at 64th Birthday 13.80 25.30 31.50 36.10 40.70 45.20 49.80 If Claimed at 65th Birthday or Later 15.00 27.50 34.30 39.30 44.30 49.30 54.30 Disability Benefits: Prior to the 1956 Amend ments old-age and survivors insurance providec some protection against the hazards of old-age an< death. Now there is protection against a thir< risk—the risk of being unable to work because o severe disability. The 1956 Amendments provide that cash disabil ity payments will be made, beginning in July 1957 to those persons who are unable to engage in an; substantial gainful employment and who are be tween 50 and 65 years of age. To be eligible fo: these payments the worker must have worked in 5 o: the last 10 years before the established beginning date of the disability and in V/o of the last threi years before that date. The amount of the benefi will be computed and paid at the same rate as if hi had attained retirement age and will continue a; long as the disability lasts or until age 65. Another new provision of law concerns childrei who are disabled. This feature provides for pay ment of a monthly child's insurance benefit afte age 18 if the disabling condition occurred befor age 18 and the child is dependent on a parent en titled to old-age insurance benefits or was dependen on a deceased parent at the time of the parent'; death. In addition, the child must not have mar ried. The following example illustrates how this par of the law works : Jim Hawkins was disabled at the age of 15 when his father was 50, and has been disabled ever since. His father is now 65 and is receiv-ing old-age insurance payments under the social security law. Jim may get child's insur-ance benefits after 1956 even though he is now 30 years of age. Coverage for Policemen and Firemen: The Socia Security Act provides that policemen and firemei may not be covered under the law if their position,' are covered under a State or local governmental re tirement system. The 1956 Amendments made ai1 (Continued on page 125) UMMER-FALL, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 85 ::::::>:/; ''::'::;>: {*::' " *j\ > > £ % ":~4M" - f> a ^ ;. > ; >** % •^ : ' IS-GOO Poster distributed during NEPH Week. These decals went to agencies and firms participating in NEPH Week observance. Larger Number of Physically Handicapped Winning Jobs National Employ the Physically Handicapped Veek was observed in North Carolina and across lie nation October 7-13. The Employment Security Commission of North Carolina took an active part i this observance, with ESC representatives work-ig with other groups and organizations to stress he point that a properly placed handicapped worker 3 just as efficient and productive as his able-bodied ellow-worker. Placement of the physically han-icapped is a year-round program with the ESC, ut the one-week observance in October serves to mphasize the program that is being carried out. Last year, from September, 1955 to August, 1956, he Employment Security Commission placed 6,396 andicapped persons in jobs they could satisfac-orily perform. This represented four percent of he total non-agricultural placements of 159,986. ISSUES CHALLENGE One of the highlights of this year's observance /as the appearance of Governor Hodges before a neeting of the North Carolina Employ the Physical-y Handicapped Commission. In his remarks to the "ommission, Governor Hodges challenged the phys-cally handicapped persons to do all they can to help hemselves return to a productive place in society, le told the Commission he likes the philosophy of rying to make a disabled person "an economic aember of society." The Governor pointed out that ederal and State governments spend large sums to lelp physically handicapped persons, and he said (Continued on page 122) WORK LIVES ON E. Franklin Wittmack, the handicapped artist who painted several annual posters for the Pres-ident's Committee on Employment of the Phys-ically Handicapped, died of a heart attack last May. Although he had lived for several years with a cardiac condition, he always threw himself into the work on the NEPH posters with a special zest. The 1956 poster (shown on this page) is a self portrait completed a few months before his death and shows Wittmack as a thoughtful employer looking out at the world and saying, "Hire the Handicapped ! I Know It's Good Business." Known to his friends as Ed, Wittmack was recog-nized as one of the finest marine painters in America and he has been called the "greatest liv-ing marine artist" by Rube Goldberg, former pres-ident of the National Cartoonists Society. Other Wittmack NEPH posters include those for 1949, 1950, 1951, and 1954. During World War II, Mr. Wittmack visited hundreds of disabled servicemen in the hospital wards and made sketches for them. He collaborated with W. P. Mc- Cahill, then a Captain in the U. S. Marine Corps, in a war book, "Hit the Beach," published in 1943 and notable for the fine pen and ink drawings depicting Marine battles at Midway, Wake, Guadalcanal, and Corregidor. (From the Employment Security Review.) PAGE 86 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY SUMMER-FALL, 1951 ' %^: Old Dobbin moves over to make way for the automobile. In 1900, the U. S. had 11 million horses and only 8,000 automobiles. Today, about SI million passenger cars and eight million motor trucks are in use in America. Motor Vehicles Generate Employment For N.C. Workers By Hugh M. Raper, Director, Bureau of Research and Statistics, ESC Since the advent of the automobile in the early-part of the century, the distribution, sales and ser-vicing of the "car" has become an important area of business in North Carolina. Data from the 1954 Census of Manufactures and the 1954 Census of Business shows that more than 5,600 business establishments carry on activities which contribute to our motor vehicular travel, ex-cluding of course, road building and commercial transportation activities which have been described in earlier issues of the ESC Quarterly. These cen-suses show that more than 38,600 of North Caro-lina's people are errmloyed in the following broad pursuits: transnortation eanipment and parts man-ufacture (4,925) ; automotive wholesale firms (3,- 480) ; new and used car dealerships (15,050) ; auto accessories and parts (2.550) : oetroleum bulk tank stations (4,200) ; and retail filling stations (8,400). The gross wage pavments to these workers amount-ed to more than $120,000,000 in 1954. The nature of these businesses, particularly the filling stations and the used car dealer groups, sug-gests that only a relativelv small percentage of the total number of establishments were covered by unemployment insurance in the calendar year 1955 when the coverage was in terms of employing units having eight or more workers for as many as twen-ty weeks in a calendar year. It is significant to note, however, that more than four-fifths, (82.3%). of the State's motor vehicular production, sales, distribution and service indus-tries payroll was subiect to the Employment Secur-ity program in 1955 before the lowered coverage (4 or more) became effective. Similarly about seven-tenths of the workers in these activities were covered while less than one-fourth of the establish-ments were insured; i. e., excluding some 2,350 ser-vice stations of the 5,176 total operated by individ ual proprietors who reported no wage payments tj the Census Bureau. The following summary data on insured firms! workers, gross payrolls and earnings give a good pic ture of the contribution of the motor vehicular in dustry to the State's economy during 1955 : Type of Business No. Firms Insured Workers Total Wage Pavments 1955 Average Weekly Earnings 1955 Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts 16 141 795 20 108 199 117 F 1 , 050 F2.575 15,350 225 1,675 4,400 1,450 $3,992,000 10,290,000 57,200,000 712,000 5,320,000 17,371,000 4,080,000 S 72.70 76.84 75.82 61.44 61.41 Automotive Wholesalers... Retail Dealers—New and Used Cars., Used Car Dealers Onlv Auto Accessories and Part Sales .. _ Retail Filling Stations. 54.48 1,396 26,725 t 98,965,000 The insured workers allied to the broad grou engaged in the sales, service and distribution o motor vehicles exceeds in number insured worker in the processing of food and kindred products o insured workers in apparel manufacture and th annual payroll is likewise greater than that fo either of these industries. In fact, the total insure payroll (about $99 million) of this broad group ex ceeds the insured payroll in the whole wood house hold furniture manufacturing group ($96.4 million) Much like the automobile's present day value t the average individual, the automobile's contributio to the State's economy has become an importan component in our forward movement. There a; ways remains with us the desire for better autc mobiles ; better highways ; more travel ; and, the greater job opportunities for individuals in the dis tribution, sales, and servicing of our indispensabl automobiles. >UMMER-FALL, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 87 NO MORE CRIES OF #GET A HORSE!' Automobile Dealers Association Mas Nearly 1,000 Members (Prepared by N. C. Automobile Dealers Assn.) Cries of "Get A Horse, Bud", accompanied by oud guffaws have long since died across the land, md American families today take ownership of at east one automobile or truck as much for granted is eggs for breakfast. It has been said that the wheel was the greatest nvention of all time. Be that as it may, the wheel, n the form of a motor vehicle, certainly revolution-zed American living. Widespread travel by car or business and pleasure has become common- )lace; swift hauling by truck has made available resh foods daily; and ease of transportation has ifforded children the educational advantage of arge, consolidated schools. The Transportation Revolution did not spring orth overnight. It evolved gradually through a ystem of manufacturing and distribution second o none the world has ever seen. From Charles Duryea's first "gasoline driven buggy" in 1892, ;hrough Henry's Ford, today we have come to more J;han 20 makes of automobiles to choose from and pore than 15 kinds of trucks. And dealers have panged as much as the cars. From a few hardy |;ouls displaying cars as curiosities along with bug-gies and hardware, the dealer group has grown to |nore than 30,000 all over the nation. j In North Carolina alone we have more than 1,000 flealers handling every make of car and truck under franchise from the manufacturer. These North Carolina dealers, each an independent businessman n his own community, in a 1955 survey showed a ;otal investment in buildings, equipment, etc. of ?144,281,665.80 and a payroll of 20,465 employees Nho have some 45,000 dependents. As it has always been since caveman days, men )f common interests come together to talk over Ip'THC MATHESOHttAKCSFfRfECT SCORf Officers of the N. C. Automobile Dealers Associaton, left to right: Walter A. Deal, Asheville, vice-tresident; John M. Tiller, Durham, president ; Charles G. Conn, Jr., Raleigh, immediate past-presi-lent; Hal Hoyle, Sr., Lincolnton, secretary ; Mrs. Bessie B. Ballentine, Raleigh, executive secre-ary. Joe A. Watkins, Oxford, treasurer, is not shown. The Matheson, shown here, was a luxury car of 1907. It seated seven, had a 50-horsepoioer engine, and sold for $5,500. The top teas extra at $250. mutual problems and ideas. These groups range from the Tuesday lunch date with "the boys" to large, comparatively formal Associations perform-ing many and varied services for members. And so it is with the North Carolina Automobile Dealers Association which was begun in 1935 with one staff member and has grown today into an organization of close to 1,000 members with a staff of 20 persons. Through the years NCADA has concentrated its efforts on behalf of members in the fields of in-formation and service. Dealers must constantly cope with Federal and State government in the fields of taxes, wage and hour legislation, insurance, employment security, finance, and motor vehicle registration and regula-tion. New laws affecting dealers in one or more of these fields are passed an-nually, and new regula-tions and interpretations of existing laws are made almost daily. To keep dealers in-formed on business and governmental matters, NCADA in its infancy published a monthly magazine. This publica-tion soon erave wav to a weeklv bulletin, FLASH-ES, still going out todav. Not content to relv ex- ^usivelv on written in-formation, the Associa-tion has established a svstem of elected and an-noiTi+ pd officials d^ienod to take NCDA matters to everv dealer on a nerson-al basis. The State's counties are divided into PAGE 88 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Summer-fall, 1956 22 Districts and each has a Director elected by deal-ers in the District's counties. These men, together with the Association Officers elected on a Statewide basis, form the Board of Directors. Further the NCADA President each year appoints one dealer in every county whose responsibility it is keep dealers in his area up-to-date on important matters and re-port local opinion and requests to the Association. One of the first services performed for members by NCADA was compilation of statistics on regis-tration of new motor vehicles in the State. Obvi-ously, these figures are of primary concern to a man selling motor vehicles, and it is interesting to note that 2,629 new cars and trucks were register-ed in the State in the month of October, 1938, as compared to 14,061 in the month of October, 1955. Another service to members, a group insurance plan, was instituted in 1947 with a few hundred in-sured. Today the Association offers four plans and insures 8,160. In an effort to cut down on-the-job accidents among shop personnel the Association recently con-ducted a year's Shop Safety program in cooperation with National and State Departments of Labor. From information furnished by the Labor Depart-ments, NCADA compiled 21 monthly bulletins, each covering a different shop hazard and what precau-tions to take to avoid injury. Apart from services to members, the Association at the instigation of its members has carried on a number of related projects in the public interest, particularly in the field of highway safety. Per-haps the largest of these was formation of the Caro-lina Safety League, a program of free, voluntary motor vehicle inspection. Under this program dealers offered free inspection of brakes, lights, tires and other safety features. In the year this project was carried on, 210,00 vehicles were in-spected— of which 58% were found safe and ap-proved; 35% were repaired and made safe; and 7% were rejected and the owners failed to author-ize repairs. North Carolina dealers in 1955 had more automo-biles on loan to schools for driver training than any One of America's first trucks teas the "Rapid" produced in 1902. This one was used as a sight-seeing bus. "Electrics" were favorites in the earliest days of the automobile. other state in the union, according to the Nationa Inter-Industry Highway Safety Committee. Work ing in cooperation with the N.C. Department m Public Instruction, dealers throughout the State lasl year equipped 161 cars with dual controls, insurec them and lent them free of charge to their loca high schools. Another recent Association project was the pur chase and gift to 1,400 4-H Club Members of th( official Motor Vehicle Department Book, "Traffii Laws and Highway Safety." Currently, the Association has undertaken ai Arson Reward program in an effort to effect a lonj range reduction for motorists in automobile im surance rates. NCADA is offering $300 reward t< any person in the State for information leading t< the arrest and final conviction of an individual on charge of burning a vehicle to collect insurance. None of these varied undertakings could be car ried on effectively without the wholehearted suppor and cooperation of every North Carolina deale member. What is a motor vehicle dealer like The average one has been in business 20 years 87 % of those in this State belong to community or ganizations such as Chambers of Commerce, Unitei Funds, and PTA groups with 47% having held offic in one or more of these organizations; and 32% o N.C. dealers have held public office—either city county or State, including the General Assembly. No word on the North Carolina Automobile Deal ers Association would be complete without mentio of its Executive Secretary, Mrs. Bessie B. Bailer tine. She and the Association are synonymous Wife of North Carolina's Commissioner of Agri culture L.Y. Ballentine, she has been with the oi ganization since its beginning; and her zeal, driv and determination have made it the strong, activ group it is today. And if "Miss Bessie", as she is affectionatel known to dealers, has anything to say about it, th North Carolina Automobile Dealers Association wi continue to grow and progress as long as cars an trucks ply the highways and dealers sell them. ,UMMER-FALL, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 89 Folger Soon to Begin 50th Year In Automobile Business The automobile industry's senior representative n North Carolina, Lee A. Folger of Charlotte, be-gins his 50th year in the auto business in Decem- >er as owner of the largest Buick dealership in the Carolinas. Last year, Lee A. Folger, Inc., 900 South Tryon street, Charlotte, sold some 2,111 new and used cars or a volume of business in excess of four million lollars. With about 100 persons employed by the ompany, the average annual payroll amounts to ipproximately $473,000. Mr. Folger was born in Indiana. He moved to ^orth Carolina in 1900, becoming a clerk and book-keeper in a hardware store in Greensboro. He re-named in this position for seven years, entering ;he automobile business on December 24, 1907. In 1909, Mr. Folger joined C. C. Coddington, in harlotte, Buick distributor for the two Carolinas, md the first automobile distributor in the area. VLr. Folger says that was the beginning of Charlotte is a distributing center, and he points out that to-lay virtually all of the major automobile companies lave factory sales branches in Charlotte. Mr. Folger served as vice president and wholesale nanager of the Coddington company until Mr. Codd-ngton's death on December 4, 1928. He continued ;he corporation for the stockholders until June 30, L929 when Buick Motor Company took over the company as a factory branch in Charlotte. Mr. folger then became GM zone manager until 1937 when he began his own business. An interesting sidelight of Mr. Folger's associa-tion with C. C. Coddington, Inc. involves a train re-erred to back then as "Folger's Folly." Shortly ifter World War I, with railroad equipment scarce, lecessitating the driving of automobiles from the Michigan factories or, doing without them, with :he roads in poor condition and rail service in some ireas not any too good, Mr. Folger got the idea hat Coddington, as distributor, could operate its )wn train and get plently of new cars from Michi-gan to North Carolina. He met with the leading Buick dealers in the Carolinas and got them to go ilong with him on the venture. The company purchased 50 flat cars and became inown as the only automobile firm in the country to Lee A. Folger's, Inc., plant at Charlotte, one of the best known Buick dealerships in the Carolinas. Lee A. Folger, Charlotte Buick dealer. "Folger's Folly" paid dividends. (Charlotte Observer Photo.) buy a new train. The purchase also became known among some other dealers as "Folger's Folly." But after a year's operation when Mr. Folger presented operational costs and profits to Mr. Coddington, the figures showed that the operation was anything but a "folly." The dealers got more cars, realized more profit on a car that had not been driven from Mich-igan as had been the case, and in addition to that actually showed a profit on the rail operation in freight fees. Lee A. Folger, Inc. operates from a main plant that provides some 75,000 square feet of floor space. In addition to that there's a body and paint depart-ment in another building, and two used car lots. A total of 143,450 square feet of space is utilized by the company. The firm has been at its present location since June 1, 1940. Mr. Folger serves as president of the com-pany, and his son, Spen-cer Folger, is vice presi-dent and general mana-ger. Clarence E. Wil-liams is secretary and treasurer. Mr. Folger saw service in both World Wars, vol-unteering for duty each time. During the first World War, he served PAGE 90 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Summer-Fall, 1 95< overseas in the Air Service, non-flying, then known as the "Signal Corps Aviation Section", being dis-charged as a captain. In World War II, Mr. Folger served as a lieutenant-colonel with duty in Washing-ton and Detroit and other cities throughout the coun-try. His duties were with the motor vehicle prepara-tion unit of the Ordnance Department. He is a member of the Board of Directors, and former chairman of Carolina Motor Club and has been active in the Masonic Order and Shrine. A member of the Shrine Hospital board of governors, he helped organize the annual Shrine Bowl football game. He was twice president of the Charlotte Automo-bile Dealers Association; one of the organizers and first president (1920-21) of the Carolinas' Auto-mobile Trade Association, which was later dividet into two separate organizations, one for each State the North Carolina unit now being known as thi North Carolina Automobile Dealers Association He has served as a director of the Charlotte Cham ber of Commerce (1920-21) ; a director of the Unioi National Bank of Charlotte (1929-32), retirinj from that position when he accepted full time em ployment with General Motors ; director of McClarei Rubber Company, formerly of Charlotte, later sol< to Dayton Rubber Company; other civic responsi bilities from time to time were discharged, includ ing Red Cross and Salvation Army Advisory Coun cils, American Legion (Commander Post No. 64) (Revised by Firm.) John Flanagan Buggy Company Celebrates 90th Anniversary The John Flanagan Buggy Company, one of the leading automobile dealers in North Carolina, is celebrating its 90th anniversary this year. The Greenville company, oldest business firm in Pitt County, was started in the days immediately after the Civil War as a little buggy making shop by John Flanagan, one of the outstanding business and civic leaders in Pitt County during the latter part of the 19th century. Today, John Flanagan's grandson, E. Graham Flanagan, is heading a company well known in North Carolina as one of the leading Ford dealers in the State. While people today associate the name Flanagan with Ford automobiles, trucks and farm imple-ments, over half of the company's lifetime—as the name implies—was devoted exclusively to the pro-duction of the finest buggies in the South. And although the company has very successfully made the transition from the buggies to the Thunderbird, it still retains its original name, The John Flanagan Buggy Company. Although the company takes the year 1866 as the actual year of its founding, the company which was its predecessor actually in existence prior to the Civil War. The firm's founder, John Flanagan, was born Feb-ruary 6, 1828 in Farm-ville. When he was 18, he came to Greenville and served as an appren-tice in the Nelson Car-riage Factory. Three years later he moved to Washington where he be-came a journeyman in the buggy manufactur-ing business. After sev-eral years in Washington he moved to Hamilton where before the out-break of the Civil War he had begun his own buggy manufacturing business. At the outbreak of the war, Mr. Flanagan closed his shop and joined the Confederate troops. When he returned to Hamilton after the war, m found that his factory had been destroyed by fir during Foster's raid through this section of thi State. He began operations again in 1866 and tw< years later the John Flanagan Buggy Compam moved its buggy manufacturing plant to Greenville In 1902, the founder of the company died, an( the business was carried on by his son, the late E G. Flanagan of Greenville, and associates. In 1932 E. Graham Flanagan, Jr. and John Flanagan, son: of E. G. Flanagan, bought into the firm. It was in April, 1914, that the company signed ; contract with Ford Motor Company for distributioi and sale of Ford cars and trucks. Later in the sam< year, the company also took on the sale of Buick an( Oakland automobiles together with Pope and Indiai motorcycles. The Buick and Oakland franchise: were surrendered by the company in 1918, but th< Ford franchise continues. Even after the company began handling automo (Continued on page 120) Home of John Flanagan Buggy Company, Greenville. (Photo by Bill Taylor, Greenville.) Summer-fall, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 91 Carpenters — Four Generations of Automobile Salesmen Four generations of Carpenters have sold and serviced Chevrolet. That's the way a full age layout in the Dur-ham Morning Herald's (Centennial edition was headed on April 26, 1953. The special page feature was appropriate, too for Parpenter's was marking jits 60th anniversary. Now in its 63rd year, the present firm had its beginning back in 1893 when J. E. Carpenter opened a small grocery -store at the site where Hobinson Tobacco is now located in East Durham. ^n 1901, J. E. Carpenter and his brother J. W. Carpenter, together with their father, Duane Car-penter, formed a part-nership to deal in heavy groceries, feedstuffs, wa-gons and buggies. This business was located on Parrish Street. In 1910 the firm began to sell Metz Automobiles and Kohler Trucks from Catalog pictures. Both of these lines were chain driven, similar to a present day bicycle and the Kohler truck was cranked from the side. During the period 1912 to 1915, the firm became the first Ford dealer and the first Dodge dealer in Durham. In 1915, the company secured the Chev-rolet agency and since that time has been the Chevrolet dealer although the firm has incorporated and somewhat changed names in that time. During the years, the firm also handled and sold the follow-ing line of cars: Pullman, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Liberty and Elgin Cars. The company was known as Carpenter Bros, un-til 1923, when the sons of J. E. Carpenter came into the business. From 1923 until 1933, the firm was known as Carpenter Motor Company. In 1933, it was incorporated and became Carpenter's, Inc. During its early years, the firm occupied various buildings around Church and Parrish Streets. In 1923, due to congestion and lack of space, a three-story building was erected on East Main Street to house the dealership. Later, another three-story building was added and a one-story service depart-ment had to be erected to meet business needs. The firm continued to expand and in the past few years, the company has completely renovated and remodeled the first three-story building that was erected and has also added a large, modern, build-ing used as a truck showroom and garage. One of the three-story buildings, including an indoor show-room and lots on both sides, is devoted exclusively to used car business. Today, the great-grandsons of Duane Carpenter Main plant and new car showroom of Carpenter's, Inc., Durham. are selling from 616 E. Main St. some of the same customers that started trading with the Carpenters when they sold wagons and buggies in 1901. In the special edition layout, pictures were carried of three of the longtime customers. Under the pictures were these lines: "These three gentlemen have traded with four generations same as hundreds of other good people of Durham have done." The company, one of the oldest auto dealers in the State, was featured in "The Chevrolet Dealers News," a national trade publication. Present officers of the company are Marcus G. Carpenter, Chairman of the Board; Marcus G. Car-penter, Jr., President; Stanley M. Carpenter, Secre-tary- Treasurer; and J. W. Carpenter, Vice-Presi-dent. APPLE PICKERS ARE* RECRUITED FOR RECORD CROP IN WEST N. C. Workers, both out-of-state and local, were recruited this fall by the Employment Security Commission of North Caro-line to help harvest what was reported as the heaviest ap-ple crop in many years in the State's western and north-western counties. Out-of-state apple pickers were brought in to work in Sur-ry, Yadkin and Stokes counties, and local labor was rounded up throughout the apple-producing area. Two ESC field men, Dennis Smithwick and Paul Nance, were transferred from the Washington office to North Wilkesboro to assist apple growers and packers in lining up workers. Some of the heavy apple-producing counties for which workers were recruited include Surry, Yadkin, Stokes, Alexander, Wilkes, Transylvania, Buncombe, Hay-wood, and Henderson. PAGE 92 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Summer-fall, 195^ Overall view of the plant of the North State Chevrolet Company, Greensboro, showing the main offices at right, used car lot at left, and service facilities in background. North Stale Chevrolet Company: A Leader In Piedmont NX. North State Chevrolet Company of Greensboro celebrated its 20th anniversary two years ago by moving into a new $400,000 home at 451 North Eugene Street. Now in its 22nd year of service to the motoring public, the company has risen from an operation that started with capital of around $15,000 to become one of Piedmont North Carolina's leading automobile dealers with capitalization at the three-quarter million mark. North State was organized in February, 1934, by T. A. Williams and J. E. Miller and opened for busi-ness in a brick building at Bellemeade Street and Commerce Place. Sometime later, to secure larger quarters, the company was moved across the street into a building formerly used as a tobacco ware-house. That structure was city-owned property, and when the city decided to convert the building into a farmers curb market in the mid-40's, North State moved to a location on West Market Street, just in front of the Post Office, known as the Boren Building. When it was found that more space was needed, the company acquired the adjoining Smith Building. But even those quarters proved inade-quate in some respects, especially regarding out-side parking, and North State purchased property on which its new home is located. The company moved into its modernistic plant February 1, 1954. Situated on a large corner lot containing about two acres of ground, the North State building pro-vides approximately 50,000 square feet of floor space. Adjacent to the building are large off-street parking areas and a used car lot. The two-story front section of the big L-shaped structure houses the showroom, sales and general offices, and the parts sales department. The parts department is one of the area's largest and most modernly equipped. About a half of the second story is given over to storage facilities for the heavy and bulky parts and accessories. The remaining half contains restrooms, ladies lounge, storage room, printing room, offices and a large room for confer-ences and organizational meetings. A feature of this room is a completely equipped snack bar or kitchen. All types of the largest service equipment and facilities are to be found in the large service depart-ment, offering complete service for the care and re-pair of cars. Twin post lifts are available to each mechanic. A heavy truck servicing area also is provided, along with a large body repair department All service and repair operations are directed from a dispatcher's tower, which provides the operator with a full view of the entire shop. The operator, through the tower's communication system, directs the flow of work through the shop. North State, employing between 85 and 90 per-sons, sells around 700 new Chevrolet cars and trucks a year. In addition, something like 1,000 used ve-hicles are sold each year, giving the company a total annual volume of business of around $3,000,000. The firm has been operated by Mr. Williams and Mr. Miller since its organization. Sometime after the firm was founded, J. L. Jones joined the com-pany and now is secretary-treasurer. Mr. Williams, the company president, is a graduate of the University of North Carolina, receiving his degree in 1925, and is a native of Rockingham Coun-ty. He is a past president of the N. C. Auto Dealers Association and served as highway safety chairman of the State association for several years. He for-merly operated Chevrolet dealerships in Mebane and Winston-Salem. Mr. Miller, the company vice-president, is a native of Croton-On-the-Hudson, N. Y. He is a former dis-trict representative of the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors. Before that, he was with the overseas operation of General Motors. The company's secretary-treasurer, Mr. Jones, is a native of Greensboro. He came up "through the ranks," serving as salesman, and sales manager. Mr. Williams' son, T. A. Williams, Jr., is serving as business manager in charge of purchase and per-sonnel. He is a graduate of the General Motors In-stitute at Flint, Mich., one of the leading schools in automotive merchandising. Summer-fall, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 93 From the Bicycle Business io Cadillac-Olds Dealership G. C. Thomas, presi-ient and manager of rhomas Cadillac-Olds, tnc., has been selling au- ;omobiles in Charlotte >ince 1918, but he got his start in the automobile )usiness even earlier han that. Mr. Thomas, a native )f Forsyth County, mov-d to Winston - Salem vhen he was 22 and went nto the bicyle business, t wasn't long though — n 1906—that he opened i garage for the sales md servicing of Cadil-acs, said to be the first Jarage of any kind in Winston-Salem. ' In 1918, Mr. Thomas inoved to Charlotte. His prst garage in that city jvas located on East Fifth Street. In the fol-lowing years, it has hifted locations three imes—from Fifth Street was moved to South Pryon Street, then to the ^oddington Building on Vest Trade, and finally to the present building on ^orth Church, which was occupied in 1942. Today, Thomas Cadillac-Olds is selling some 3,500 :ars a year, including new and used autos, for an tnnual volume of business approximating eight mil-ion dollars. There are about 130 persons employed >y the company and the annual pavroll amounts to ome $582,000. The company is housed in a four-story plant at Thomas Cadillac-Olds Company plant in Charlotte. 214-220 North Church Street that provides over 42,000 square feet of floor space. It was occupied in 1942 and purchased outright by Thomas Cadillac- Olds, Inc. on May 4, 1949. The company then car-ried out a complete modernization and remodeling program. The building includes a spacious showroom, a (Continued on page 126) 'We Want to Know All of Our Customers . . . That's Important' ''We're a small business operation. We never vant to get so big we won't know all of our custom-rs." That's the way Rupert Atkins, president and gen-ial manager of Atkins Motors, Inc., of Raleigh, ex- )lains his company's position in the highly competi-ive automobile business. Rupert Atkins has been selling Nash automobiles ince 1929 with the exception of four years during Vorld War II when he was with the Air Force. Actually, Mr. Atkins got his start with the Nash teople back in 1923 when he went to work with the >ld Nash Motor Sales Company, located where San-lers Motor Company now has its plant. In 1928, the old Nash Motor Sales Company went >ut of business, and in 1929, Mr. Atkins joined with wo brothers to organize their own company. They pened for business at a location on Salisbury Street, le recalls the rough sledding during the depression ears when they "worked night and day" to keep the ompany going. In 1946, the company moved to its present location. Today, the company—as Mr. Atkins will tell you — is not a big operation, but it is a successful one. With a staff of 15 persons, the company shoots at a goal of 120 new car sales a year. In addition to the showroom and garage at 108 South Blount Street, the company has a used car lot at 218 East Morgan Street, and a service lot at 1 12 South Blount Street. The company is proud of its closely-knit "family" relationship among the employees. B. L. Brown, service manager, has been with the Atkins Company since 1929. Mr. Atkins serves as president and gen-eral manager; C. C. Lupton is secretary: and Jerome Council is parts manager. Mr. Atkins, a native of Wake County, celebrated his 25th anniversary as a Nash dealer in 1954. Over the years, he's built up a wide circle of friends, and on this he places much value. "We're not big," he says, "and never expect to be big. We want to know all of our customers, to keep that personal contact, That's important to us." PAGE 94 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY SUMMER-FALL, 1956 New, Colonial-design home of Stabler Pontiac Company and Stabler Car Company, Winston-Salem. HARVEY MOTOR COMPANY THEY STARTED WITH THE PEERLESS; NOW A LEADING CHEVROLET DEALER The Harvey Motor Company, one of the largest Chevrolet dealers in Eastern North Caorolina, has come a long way since 1924 when the company open-ed its doors and began selling Peerless cars. Today, under the guidance of Leo H. Harvey, the company is selling some 400 new Chevrolet cars and trucks each year from a new, modern plant on the Greenville Highway in Kinston. The company was started by Mr. Harvey in 1924. He was associated with his father in L. Harvey and Son Company, a department and general supply store in Kinston. Mr. Harvey founded Carolina Peerless Company at the corner of Blount and Heritage Streets in Kinston, and became the agent for the Peerless car. During that same year, Carolina Peer-less also began selling Chevrolet automobiles. In 1934, the company moved to 409 North Queen Street and began selling Oldsmobile automobiles, along with Chevrolets. Eventually, the Oldsmobile franchise was discontinued and the firm began sell-ing Buicks and Chevrolets. Buicks were sold by the company until 1949 when the Buick franchise was discontinued and the company began selling Chev-rolet cars and trucks exclusively. Harvey Motor Company moved into its large, up-to- date plant on the Greenville Highway in 1953. The plant, covering some four acres, features an at-tractive display area and a service department that offers the motorist the most modern equipment avail-able to insure expert care of his automobile. The building was designed by company officials who "checked out" even the smallest detail. There are some 23 working stalls in the service department, with 10 hydraulic lifts in operation. Adjacent to the new building is a large used car lot. The company has a working force of some 46 persons. Company officials, in addition to Mr. Harvey, pres-ident, are: George G. Harper, vice-president; R. L. STABLER PONTIAC COMPANY BOASTS SPACIOUS, COLONIAL-DESIGN PLANT Boasting one of the finest plants in this part of the country, the Stabler Pontiac Company and the Stabler Motor Car Company of Winston-Salem are selling Pontiacs and the German-made Volkswagen automobile from their spacious quarters at 101 S. Stratford Road. Owned and operated by Louis Stabler, Sr., and Louis Stabler, Jr., the company last year sold some 560 new Pontiacs and 1,180 used cars. Volume of business came to about $3,009,000. Mr. Stabler, Sr., a native of Virginia, started his Pontiac dealership in 1943. Before moving to its new home on South Stratford Road three years ago, Stabler Pontiac Company operated at a location next to City Hall in downtown Winston-Salem. The Sta-bler Motor Car Company acquired exclusive Volks-wagen dealership last year. The company's new home, of Colonial design, oc cupies some 11 acres, and cost approximately $300, 000. It provides 21,000 square feet of space in the modern service department, 4,000 square feet in the beautifully decorated showroom, and 8,000 square feet of space in the parts department. A feature of the service department, constructed without columns to provide the maximum in floor space, is a dynamo-meter which enables mechanics to test a car's operat-ing performance under simulated road conditions. When opening ceremonies were held for the new building, a crowd of 15,000 persons attended. Some 57 persons are employed by the company which also operates a used car lot adjacent to its plant. Kirk, secretary-treasurer; E. G. Barrett, Jr., man-ager; James D. Turner, new car sales manager; F. M. Pittman, truck sales manager; C. A. Gran-tham, parts manager ; W. A. Heath, service manager ; and George Elliott Brown, office manager. Summer-fall, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 95 DEAL BUICK CO. OF ASHEVILLE— SALES, SERVICE IN WESTERN N. C. The company known today as Deal Buick, Inc., of Asheville was organized in 1930 by E. 0. Thomas in the same building- currently occupied by Deal Buick. At that time the company had about 15 employees and only one telephone with two exten-sions. Today Deal Buick employs about 65 persons and its large plant is served by a switchboard with 22 extensions. Deal Buick does an annual volume of business of about 2i/> million dollars. The annual payroll will amount to about $200,000. Walter A. Deal, presi-dent and general manager of the company, and a native of Salisbury, joined Thomas Buick in 1934 as secretary and treasurer. In December, 1946, Mr. Thomas was killed in the Wynecoff hotel fire in At-lanta, Ga. and in January of 1947, Mr. Deal pur-chased controlling interest in the firm. The com-pany continued to be operated under the name of Thomas Buick Company until 1954, at which time it was incorporated as Deal Buick. Deal Buick does its own financing through Ashe-ville Acceptance Corp. which is actually a depart-ment of Deal Buick, being organized by this firm. Eight persons are employed by Asheville Acceptance Corp. As Deal Buick business expanded, the company took over a building that adjoins the plant at 84 Coxe Avenue. Some 37,600 square feet of building floor space is available for the company's use and a large portion of this is utilized by a complete service Deal Buick Company, Asheville. At left is unique "drive-in shed" where motorist leaves auto for service, picks it up when job is completed. isiwjja jjjllltlf ft|| Radiator repair section in service department of Deal Buick. Company, Asheville. This is a busy section, with much work being done on tractor and bulldozer radiators, in addition to usual auto work. department, body shop, and large parts department. Deal Buick maintains an inventory of some $50,000 in parts, a necessity in this area because of transpor-tation difficulties. The company does much uphol-stery work, has a complete radiator department that is utilized at times by tractor and bulldozer opera-tors, and in addition to regular service department functions, frame straightening, painting, underrat-ing, and polishing, Deal provides motorists with quick lubrications and tune-up jobs. The entire service pro-cedure is supervised from a control tower. This tower takes over from the moment a motorist drives his car under a unique "drive-in shed" until the time it is ready for de-livery. Deal Buick with its complete service arrange-ments has been featured in a Buick trade magazine. Ernest Ogle is sales man-ager of the company. T&B Oldsmobile~27 Years of Service In Fayelleville T & B Oldsmobile, Inc., one of Eastern Carolina's oldest and largest Oldsmobile dealers, is now in its 27th year of continuous operation in Fayetteville. In January of this year the company moved into a spacious, modernistic plant located at 929 Bragg Blvd. In December, 1929, George Tinnin and Lawrence Blackwood formed a partnership that was the be-ginning of T & B Oldsmobile. Mr. Tinnin had first come to the Fayetteville area in February, 1925, as operator of a service station and garage at Fort Bragg. It was on December 27, 1929, that Mr. Tin-nin and Mr. Blackwood formed the T&B Super Service. Operations of T & B Super Service wTere moved from Fort Bragg to Fayetteville at the corner of Franklin and Maxwell Streets. Mr. Tinnin main-tained his service station and garage business at Fort Bragg until 1937. T&B Super Service, specializing in brake service, maintained complete auto repair service with a staff of six men. The company purchased the first brake testing machine for four-wheel mechanical brakes to be used in the Fayetteville section. The company also was among the first to bring into the area a wheel alignment machine. In those days T&B also PAGE 96 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Summer-fall, 1956 had dealership for Hupmobile and B. F. Goodrich tires. In 1932, T & B moved to 400 Hay Street where the business remained until the recent move to Bragg Blvd. In 1937, T & B secured the dealership for Oldsmobile cars and GMC trucks. The company is operating in one of the South's most modern buildings equipped for service to the motoring public. Adjacent to the new building is a large fully paved used car lot with its own office. The company now has approximately 70 employees. George William Tinnin, co-owner of T & B Olds-mobile, Inc., was born in Alamance County near Bur-lington. A member and past president of the Fay-etteville Kiwanis Club, he has been active in civic and community activities in Fayetteville, Fort Bragg, and Cumberland County. He has been a member of the Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce for the past 25 years and has been on the board of directors sev-eral years. He is a charter member of the Haymount Modernistic new home of Td-B Oldsmobile, Fayetteville. foreground is company's large used car lot. Methodist Church where he serves as chairman of the board of trustees. Lawrence Blackwood, executive manager of the office, was born in Chapel Hill. Before becoming associated with Mr. Tinnin in 1929, he worked for one year with the post exchange at Fort Bragg. Mr. Blackwood is a member of the Fayetteville Rotary Club and the Chamber of Commerce. He is an act-ive member of the Hay Street Methodist Church, and now serves on the official board of the church. George Craig Stewart, Jr., who joined T & B in October, 1954, is general manager. Graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1945, he is a veteran of combat duty in Korea. He is a member of the Rotary Club and Knights of Co-lumbus and is a member of St. Patrick's Catholic Church. T & B's large used car department is managed by Festus Spell. Parkland Chevrolet Company: Parts Business Thrives, Too The Parkland Chevrolet Company, Inc., of Ashe-ville, was organized in 1938 by Thomas D. Hunter, who had previously served as Chevrolet factory man-ager for North Carolina and South Carolina with headquarters in Charlotte. Parkland, with a staff of about 65 employees, sells some 600 to 700 new Chevrolet cars and trucks a year. In addition the company sells from 900 to 1,000 used cars and trucks yearly. Parkland's parts department, with an inventory of about $100,000, does a large volume of business both retail and wholesale. The company operates a wholesale parts truck that calls on dealers and garages and other wholesale accounts over a large part of Western North Carolina. The company has one of the most complete automotive service depart-ments in Western North Carolina, plus a large paint and body shop that is equipped with a Devilbis paint booth and baking oven. Parkland is one of the area's Parts and accessories department of Parkland Chevrolet Com-pany, Ashcville, one of largest and most complete in that rea. Summer-fall, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 97 leading auto painters, painting over 400 cars a year. The company owns the two-and-a-half story build-ing it occupies at 50 Coxe Avenue in Asheville. Some 42,000 square feet of floor space is contained in the structure. In addition to Mr. Hunter, company president, other officers of the firm are: Joseph L. Hunter, a son of Thomas D. Hunter, who is vice-president and general manager; J. A. Campbell, secretary and treasurer; and Robert C. Hunter, another son of Thomas D. Hunter, who is general sales manager. Joseph Hunter joined his father in the firm in 1940. Robert C. Hunter came with the company this year. Parkland operates a used car lot adjacent to its plant at 50 Coxe Avenue and in addition the com-pany has a used car office and lot in Candler, N. C. Parkland Chevrolet Company, Asheville, showing used car lot at right. This Company Specializes In Foreip and Sports Cars One North Carolina company that has taken note of the ever-growing interest in foreign and sports cars is Alexander and Mann Motor Company of Greensboro, a firm that devotes itself exclusively to these lines of cars. The company, located at 234 Commerce Place in Greensboro, sells and services the Volkswagen, MG, Triumph, Porsche, Austin-Healy, and Jaguar. Alexander and Mann Motor Company now sells about 350 of these cars a year, with people coming from throughout North Carolina and from neigh-boring states to purchase the automobiles. The company was started June 30, 1951 by Rai B. Alexander and a son-in-law, Peter F. Mann, who later sold his interest in the firm to Mr. Alexander's son, Edward H. Alexander. The company now is owned and operated by the Alexander father-and-son team. Prior to the organization of the Alexander and Mann Motor Company, Mr. Alexander was in the general auto repair business in Greensboro for 24 years. Alexander and Mann, with 13 employees, operates a service department designed to handle the various lines of foreign and sports cars, and has a fully-equipped parts and service department and paint and body shop. The MG and Austin-Healy are made in Coventry, Volkswagens sold by Alexander and Mann Motor Company, Greensboro. England by British Motor Corp., the Triumph is made by Standard Motor Co. in England, the Porsche is made by Porsche Manufacturing Company in Ger-many, the Volkswagen by the Volkswagen company in Germany and the Jaguar is manufactured by Jaguar Cars, Ltd., England. Alexander and Mann deal through distributors in this country. Capital Car Distributors is the firm handling Volkswagen; Imperial Motors of Hampton, Va., handles MG and Austin-Healy; Hoffman Porsche Company of New York is distributor of Porsche cars ; and Southeast-ern Motors at Hollywood, Fla., is distributor for Triumph. The Jaguar distributor is Jaguar of North America, New York. Alexander and Mann Motor Company picks up the cars in New York, Washington, Florida, and Charles-ton, S. C. and other ports of arrival. They are driven back to Greensboro if the number received is less than five. If live or more cars arrive, they are trans-ported by trailer. Mr. Alexander says that the Volkswagen is the cheapest of the cars he handles and that it sells the fastest. He says he usually has orders from cus-tomers far in advance of actual delivery of the cars. A franchised Volkswagen dealer, Mr. Alexander is enthusiastic about the car. He says it is almost trouble free, durable and cruises easily at 55-60 miles an hour with its four-cylinder, air-cooled motor that's installed in the rear of the car. One thing he points out: The fan belt is the lifeline of the Volkswagen and an extra fan belt is provided each Volkswagen buyer. The purchaser also re-ceives a service kit with instructions on how to make minor repairs. PAGE 98 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Summer-fall, 1956 Yarhoroucfh Motor Company, Inc. Began Operations In 1934 The Yarborough Motor Company of Fayetteville, one of the better known Dodge-Plymouth dealers in Eastern North Carolina, was founded in March, 1934 by Wilson Yarborough and began selling Packard automobiles from a location on Gillespie Street. The company operated there until April, 1936, at which time the firm bought the Lewis Motor Company and signed a franchise with Dodge and Plymouth. The company operated as Yarborough Motor Com-pany until January, 1950, when it was incorporated after Mr. Yarborough's son, Wilson, Jr., purchased a 50 per cent interest in the firm. Mr. Yarborough, Sr. and his wife retained a 50 per cent interest in the company. Yarborough Motor Company now is under the direction of Wilson Yarborough, Jr., who is president and general manager. Wilson Yarbor-ough, Sr. is vice-president and his wife is the com-pany secretary-treasurer. Yarborough Motor Company, with some 50 em-ployees, sells about 300 new Dodge and Plymouth cars and Dodge trucks a year. Mr. Yarborough, Sr. was elected to the State House of Representatives in 1955 and was re-elected for the 1957 term of the General Assembly. He is a past president of the North Carolina Automobile Dealers Association, having served in 1954-55. Mr. Yarborough also has served as president of the local association which he helped organize. He has served as member of the Board of Directors of the State Association for nine years. Mr. Yarborough also has served as Fayetteville City Councilman. Mr. Yarborough, Jr. started working in the com-pany's shop while still in high school. He is a grad-uate of the 1951 class of the University of North Auto display at YartorougTi Motor Company, Fayetteville. Carolina, receiving a degree in Business Adminis tration. He spent two years in the Air Force as a Lieutenant, serving one year in Japan. CAPE FEAR MOTOR SALES SELLING FORDS IN SOUTHEASTERN SECTION One of the larger Ford dealerships in Southeastern North Carolina is Cape Fear Motor Sales, 215-217 Market Street, Wilmington. The firm is now under the direction of P. R. Smith, Jr., son of one of the earlier owners of the company. In its early history, the company's ownership chang-ed several times, but the firm is now largely owned by the P. R. Smith family, with the C. B. Parmlee interests owning 25 percent of the company. The company was organized in 1915 by John Chipley, who owned and operated the firm until 1928. Cape Fear Motor Hales, Wilmington. Service department is at extreme left. In that year, P. R. Smith bought the company and operated it until 1933 when it was acquired by the J. R. Mauldin interests. In 1936, the company was purchased by C. B. Parmlee and in 1940, P. R. Smith again bought back into the firm. From 1936 until 1942, the company was known as Mauldin Motors, Inc. In 1942, it was incorporated as Cape Fear Motor Sales, Inc. In 1946, the company became a limited partner-ship, operated by the P. R. Smith family, selling Ford cars and trucks, and farm implements. The I farm implement line was taken on in 1945 but in 1953 this phase of the business was discontinued when the farm equipment business was sold. P. R. Smith, Sr., who died in February, 1952, was a native of Elizabethtown. He got his start in the automotive industry there in 1915 when he was 20 years old, founding the P. R. Smith Company. He moved to Wilmington in 1928 and during the years also had dealerships in Fayetteville, Gastonia, White-ville, and Dunn. His son, P. R. Smith, Jr., now is partner and gen-eral manager of Cape Fear Motor Sales. C. H. Spooner, who has been with the firm 25 years, is sales manager. L. M. Tapp is service manager, Stra-ley Hatcher is office manager, and Roger Miller is parts manager. The company, employing about 65 persons, sells over 500 Ford cars and trucks a year, and over 900 used vehicles. Summer-fall, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 99 Carolina Garage, Inc. —A Leader In the Sale of Macks Carolina Garage, Inc. of Winston-Salem, consistently one of the country's leaders in sales of Mack trucks and bus-ses, was founded in 1936 by John L. Reich, a Winston- Salem native. The company, which moved into a new building in 1947, began operations in a building on Cherry Street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets, now occupied by Colonial Stores. On May 4, 1936, Mr. Reich sold his first truck to the Wa-chovia Oil Company. Later that month, C. D. Kenney pur-chased a Mack and before the year was out, Mr. Reich had sold five units. The new ope-ration was under way. By 1941, sales had reached annual volume of over a hun-dred units, and now the com-pany sells from 300 to 400 units a year. For 14 years Carolina Garage has sold more Mack trucks and bus-ses than any other dealer in the country. The company moved from its Cherry Street loca-tion to larger quarters at the intersection of Waugh-town and Main Streets, but with expanded business came the need for an even larger plant. In 1947, the company moved into its new quarters at 201 Waughtown Street. The plant covers five acres and contains over 37,000 square feet of floor space. It features a well-stocked parts department, with over 15,000 different parts on hand, the inventory amounting to about $300,000, and distributes parts over three states. The company says it can build an entire truck out of its own stock. The main shop floor contains over 15,000 square feet of floor space, room to service many trucks simultaneously. The service department is equipped with modern testing devices, including a dynamometer for check-ing performance and horsepower of a tractor, equip-ment for diesel pump inspection and repair, general motor overhaul, and painting and body work. Interior view of ivell-stocked parts department, of Carolina Garage, Inc.. Winston-Salem. Main plant, Carolina Garage. Inc., Winston-Salem. The company, with about 60 employees, now does a gross annual business of from four to five million dollars. In addition to handling the Mack units, Carolina Garage also sells and services the Divco trucks, a specialized truck for dairymen, laundry-men, and other businesses requiring door-to-door, local delivery. Mr. Reich, the company's founder, is its president and general manager. He was born and reared in Winston-Salem. In 1949, the Mack Company asked Mr. Reich to serve on its Advisory Council, and the following year he served again and was elected chair-man of the Council. His wife, Mrs. Lillian R. Reich, is company secre-tary; a daughter, Mrs. Daphne R. Diemer is vice-president; and his son-in-law, Forrest Diemer, who has been active in the business since 1946, is vice-president and assistant manager. Poe W. Eskridge, Jr., is sales manager. It urns rough going on the first transcontinental trip hy ?notor truck. PAGE 100 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY SUMMER-FALL, 1956 By Jesse F. Jones, Jr., Executive Secretary, N. C. Automotive Wholesalers Association, Inc. The North Carolina Automotive Wholesalers Asso-ciation is composed of business firms throughout the State who are wholesale distributors of automotive equipment, supplies, accessories, tools and parts. The industry in North Carolina is composed of over 300 independent firms, employing nearly 5,000 employees. The principal role of the automotive wholesaler in North Carolina's economy is to supply the merchan-dise necessary to repair and properly maintain in safe operating condition, the thousands of automo-biles, trucks and buses in our State. The automotive wholesaler stocks and maintains in his warehouse, the necessary parts, equipment and supplies to service the hundreds of different makes and models of automobiles owned by North Carolinians. The N. C. Automotive wholesaler markets his mer-chandise through retail outlets in every city, village and cross-road in the State. Such retail outlets are automobile dealers, service or filling stations, ga-rages, paint and body shops, fleet owners, accessory stores and other retailers. The North Carolina Automotive Wholesalers Asso-ciation is a young association, comparatively speak-ing. Organization of it was begun in 1951 by a few of the leaders and oldtimers in the industry in the State. The association was officially organized in January, 1953, when it was incorporated and the Board of Directors employed Jesse F. Jones, Jr., as executive secretary. Despite its youth, the North Carolina Automotive Wholesalers Association is already the second largest State association of automotive wholesalers in the U. S. The Texas Automotive Wholesalers Associa- Officers and directors of the North Carolina Automotive Wholesalers Association, Inc. Officers seated, (left to right) are: E. L. Brown, Hickory Auto Parts Co., 1955 president; R. E. Kirkland, Barnes Motor & Parts Co., Wilson, 1956 president; W. E. Stan-ford, Motor Bearings & Parts Co., Greensboro, 1956 vice-president ; L. T. White, Jr., Motor Bearings d Parts Co., Raleigh, 1956 treasurer; Jesse F. Jones, Jr., Raleigh, executive secretary. Directors, standing (left to right) are: Alex Strickland, Jewell & Strickland Auto Parts Co., Wilmington; H. M. McKethan, Fayetteville Supply Co., Fayettevllle; Edward MacClements, Automo-tive Electric Associates, Charlotte; B. E. Winstead, Jr., Rawls & Winstead, Inc., Rocky Mount; J. R. Maxwell, Braxton Auto Parts Co., Whiteville; and R. G. Devlin, Devlin Supply Co., Winston-Salem. Another director, not shoivn here, is Max A. Hayes, of Hayes & Hopson, Inc., Asheville. Automotive Wholesalers Association — Young But Large tion, a much older association, is the only other State industry association with larger membership. The purpose of the association is : "To promote the best interests of the wholesale distributors of auto-motive parts and supplies in the State of North Carolina and to unite the members of the North Carolina automotive wholesale industry in all lawful measures for its common good." Its governing body is a president, vice-president, treasurer, executive secretary and eight directors from throughout the State. The association headquarters are in Raleigh. Jesse F. Jones, Jr., is the executive secretary. Prior to his acceptance of this position, he was assistant executive secretary of the National Candy Whole-salers Assn., in Washington, D. C. Mr. Jones is a graduate of the National Institute for Trade Asso-ciation Executives, Northwestern University, Evans-ton, 111. Other officers and directors of the association this year are: R. E. Kirkland, Barnes Motor & Parts Co., Wilson, President; W. E. Stanford, Motor Bearings & Parts Co., Greensboro, Vice-President; L. T. White, Jr., Motor Bearings & Parts Co., Raleigh, Treasurer; Immediate Past President and Director is E. L. Brown, Hickory Auto Parts, Hickory. Other j directors of the association are: Alex Strickland, Jewell & Strickland Auto Parts Co., Wilmington; Max A. Hayes, Hayes & Hopson, Asheville; B. E. Winstead, Jr., Rawls & Winstead, Rocky Mount; Edward MacClements, Automotive Electric Asso-ciates, Charlotte ; H. M. McKethan, Fayetteville Sup-ply Co., Fayetteville. The first president of the as-sociation was George McFarlane, Mac's Auto Parts Co., Wilmington. Floyd C. McLean, McLean Auto Supply Co., Laurinburg, was president of the asso-ciation in 1954. SUMMER-FALL, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 10 For Southern Bearings and Paris, 35 Years of Service Southern Bearings and Parts Co., Inc., of Char-lotte, one of the South's leading automotive whole-sale concerns, was established 35 years ago by Rob-ert M. Schnore and John H. Northey. The firm, an off shoot of the old Southern Bearings Company of Atlanta, began operations with an original invest-ment of $3,262.27 in new ball bearings, $245.34 in re-ground ball bearings, $300 in a used Chevrolet car, and $1,000 in cash. The company, known then as Southern Bearings Company, occupied a building at 122 South Poplar Street, using about 600 square feet of floor space. Today the company has its head-quarters in a large building, located at East Eighth and North College Streets, which contains approx-imately 55,160 square feet of space. The company moved into this building in 1952. In addition to the Charlotte store, the company has branch units in seven other Carolina cities—Winston-Salem, Fay-etteville, Statesville, High Point, Lumberton, and Rockingham in North Carolina, and Lancaster, S. C. The company's first employee was Clarence E. Beeson, today its president. When Mr. Beeson join-led the firm, business was limited to the sale of ball bearings, but soon the firm had obtained a number of lines of automobile replacement parts. The name of the company was changed to Southern Bearings and Parts Company in 1924, and in that year it open-ed its first branch in Winston-Salem. In 1930, the High Point store was opened, in 1933 the Fayette-ville store, in 1939 the Statesville store, in 1940 the Lumberton and Lancaster, S. C. stores, and in 1946 the Rockingham store. The company outgrew its first store with its 600 square feet in floor space in a few years, and in 1926 moved to a building at 124 East Sixth Street. Five years later still more room was needed and the com-pany moved to a building at 315 North College Street. As business expanded, four different build-ings were occupied in that neighborhood before the firm's new home was completed on North College Street. All local divisions were moved into the new building in January, 1952. In addition to the auto-motive division, the company has an appliance di-vision, handling home appliances and TV, and a record division, selling Columbia records and record players. The automotive division handles all types of auto-motive parts, accessories, supplies and service equip- ^outhern Bearings and Parts Company's spacious headquarters in Charlotte. ment. The firm sells wholesale to service stations, car dealers, farm implement dealers, fleet operators, repair garages, paint and body shops, and any other company connected with the automotive service trade. Southern Bearings and Parts is the agent for the Waukesha engine in North and South Caro-lina. This engine is used for industrial power of all kinds. Some 14 automotive division salesmen cover central North Carolina from Shelby to Elizabeth-town, and from Fayetteville to Reidsville. The cov-ered territory reaches on to Wilkesboro and Elkin and into the border counties in South Carolina. The company has some 105 employees. The company's Charlotte plant is a modern, two-story structure providing warehouse space, show-rooms, o/iices, ^pace lor other departure ir/u r.ee:,s The company's president, Clarence E. Beeson, is a native of Winston-Salem. He joined Southern Bearings and Parts Company in June, 1922, as the company's first employee. In March, 1927, Mr. Bee-son purchased an interest in the company and be-came secretary and treasurer. In 1940, he was elected treasurer and general manager, a position which he held until 1946 when he was named execu-tive vice president and treasurer. In November, 1947, he was elected president and general manager. Mr. Beeson has been active in the
Object Description
Description
Title | E.S.C. quarterly |
Date | 1956 |
Publisher | Raleigh, N.C.: Employment Security Commission of North Carolina,1947-1975. |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Language | English |
Digital Characteristics-A | 56 p.; 11.62 MB |
Digital Collection | North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Title Replaces | U.C.C. quarterly** |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_serial_escquarterly19551957.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_serial_escquarterly |
Full Text |
The E. S. C. Quarterly
OLUME 14. NO. 3-4 SUMMER-FALL. 1956
Hstribution, Sales and Servicing oi Autos and Trucks
Playing Major Role In Economic Life of North Carolina
First Duryea gasoline-operated motor vehicle (1893)
PUBLISHED BY
mwmm mm
Employment Security Commission of North Carolina
RALEIGH, N. C.
PAGE 74 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY SUMMER-FALL, 1 95<
The E. S. C. Quarterly
(Formerly The U.C.C. Quarterly)
Vol. 14, No. 3-4 Summer-Fall, 1956
Issued at Raleigh, N. C. by the
EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION OF
NORTH CAROLINA
Commissioners: Mrs. Quentin Gregory, Halifax; Dr. Harry D.
Wolf, Chapel Hill; R. Dave Hall, Belmont; W. Benton Pipkin,
Reidsville; Bruce E. Davis, Charlotte; Crayon C. Eflrd, Al-bemarle.
State Advisory Council: Public representatives: James A. Brid-ger,
Bladenboro, Chairman; Sherwood Roberson, Roberson-ville;
W. B. Horton, Yanceyville; Mrs. R. C. Lewellyn, Dob-son,
and Dr. J. W. Seabrook, Fayetteville; Employer repre-sentatives:
A. L. Tait, Lincolnton, and W. A. Egerton, Enka;
Employee representatives: Melvin Ward, Spencer, AFL, and
H. D. Lisk, Charlotte, CIO.
HENRY E. KENDALL Chairman
R. FULLER MARTIN Director
Unemployment Insurance Division
JOSEPH W. BEACH Director
North Carolina State Employment Service Division
ROY G. BRANTLEY Editor
Public Information Officer
Sent free upon request to responsible indiri^vali anrncifs.
organizations and libraries. Address: E. S. C. Informational
Service. P. 0. Box 5R9. Raleiah. V. f.
CONTENTS
Paqe
M. R. Dunnagan Retires 74
Coverage Extended to 32,000 Additional Tar Heel Workers 75
The Employment Picture: Generally Good Throughout State 75
Joint Service Offices Filling Vital Roles in ESC Program 76
Research and Statistics Unit : They Put Meaning into Figures—
Commission's Legal Department Performing Many, Varied Duties
—
Having Workers at the Right Place and at the Right Time 77
3,000 Workers Are Brought Into Is
T
. C. For Harvesting of Tobacco 77
For Those With Fraud in Mind, They Had Better Beware 78
4,172 High School and College Graduates Placed By Commission 78
More N. C. State College Grads Take Jobs in State and South 78
Wage Study For Selected Occupations Completed in State 79
ESC and Prison Department Join in Experimental Program 80
Highlights of Asheville's Industry and Employment 81
Eight Communities in N. C. Are Eligible for Federal Benefits ,. 82
In N. C, Ample Labor Resources for Industrial Growth 83
Old Age and Survivors Insurance Changes Are Discussed 84
Larger Number of Physically Handicapped Winning Jobs 85
Work Lives On 85
Motor Vehicles Generate Employment For N. C. Workers 86
Automobile Dealers Association Has Nearly 1,000 Members 87
Folger Soon to Begin 50th Year in Automobile Business 89
John Flanagan Buggy Company Celebrates 90th Anniversary 90
Carpenters—Four Generations of Automobile Salesmen 91
Apple Pickers Are Recruited for Record Crop in West N. C 91
North State Chevrolet Company: A Leader in Piedmont N. C 92
From the Bicycle Business to Cadillac-Olds Dealership 93
'We Want to Know All of Our Customers . . . That's Important' 93
Stabler Pontiac Company Boasts Spacious, Colonial-Design Plant 94
They Started With the Peerless; Now a Leading Chevrolet Dealer 94
Deal Buick Co. of Asheville—Sales, Service in Western N. C 95
T&B Oldsmobile—27 Years of Service in Fayetteville 95
Parkland Chevrolet Company : Parts Business Thrives, Too 96
This Company Specializes in Foreign and Sports Cars 97
Yarborough Motor Company, Inc. Began Operations in 1934 98
Cape Fear Motor Sales Selling Fords in Southeastern Section 98
Carolina Garage, Inc.—A Leader in the Sale of Macks 99
Automotive Wholesalers Association—Young But Large 100
For Southern Bearings and Parts, 35 Years of Service 101
From a Small Beginning to a Role of Leadership in N. C 102
N. C. Service Station Association is Active Organization 102
Downtown Garage, Winston-Salem : An Expanded Service 103
Monteath's—Service to Motorists in the Mountains 104
Wrightsville 66: One of N. C.'s Small, Active Service Stations 104
Four-State Area Is Served by Bowers Firm Charlotte Branch 104
An Idea that Mushroomed Into an International Business 105
Off the Assembly Line: Rebuilt Ford Engines and Parts 106
One of Nation's Leaders in Truck, Bus Body Manufacture 108
Thomas Firm's School Busses Distributed Over Wide Area 110
Charlotte Factory Branch Does Large Volume of Business 110
Truck Bodies Built By Murphy Now Rolling in 35 States Ill
Triangle : Building Custom-Made Truck Bodies Since 1927 Ill
oota*\Ji|>il# JJwoDany : Jobs From Maine to Florida 112
yrWnP fMiftaOtgta State . Its Past and Its Future 113
ftiTensiiied Assault Begw/uV Age Barriers to Employment 115
Jafylsl Bqc«ti> IVfeii^4a*turirf^/S|orage Batteries in 1919 115
rr^ 1'bWo1n sRaTe.r4rarSet TJpf'or 28,000 Employers In State 116
rarajfloyer (^opej-atipmitetoed inJExpanded ESC Program in N. C 117
EmpTnyer Iwpe/iende Mtihg Albounts In North Carolina 118
/-Large Number of ESC Emploj/es Attend Institute at Chapel Hill 124
" Changes ^*vT. ., 125
leant Activity^Measffira in September, 1956 (Chart) 126
PTrWteaffdns of MflUjj&rrait Security Commission of North Carolina 127
yMIKE' DUNNAGAN RETIRES
Macon Rush "Mike" Dunnagan, public informa
tion officer of the Employment Security Commissio:
of North Carolina since 1937, and editor of "Th
E. S. C. Quarterly" for many years, retired July 1
Mr. Dunnagan became public relations officer fo
.the Commission January 15, 1937, soon after enad
ment of the Employment Security (UC) Law by th
special session of the General Assembly in Decembei
1936. He has been with the Commission since, e>
cept for a period of some four years when he wa
on loan with the War Manpower Commission, operal
ing the U. S. Employment Service during Worl
War II.
As editor of "The Quarterly," Mike traveled e>
tensively throughout the State and became we
known to many of North Carolina's industrial an
commercial leaders. He started this magazine am
in this publication he has handled special article
on close to 2,000 industrial and commercial firms i
North Carolina.
Prior to his service with the Commission, M;
Dunnagan had a wide newspaper and public relation
background. A native c
Yadkinville, Mr. Dunnaga
got his first newspaper jo
as a reporter on the Winstoi
Salem Journal in Septembe:
1909. A year later he entei
ed the University of Nort
Carolina, receiving his A.l
degree in 1914. He returne
to the Journal and becan
city editor, serving as sue
until April, 1918, when \
entered military servic
serving in the Gas Defens
Division in Philadelphia f<
about a year.
Returning to The Journal again, Mr. Dunnagsl
continued as city editor for about six months, the
he became city editor of the Charlotte Observe
After three years he resigned to enter the Pulitzt
School of Journalism, Columbia University, Ne
York City, receiving his B. Litt. degree in Journd
ism in 1923. He was named managing editor of tl
Asheville Citizen, remaining there for about a yea|
after which he returned to the Charlotte Observer.
In 1926 Mr. Dunnagan moved to Durham and b
came manager of the Durham News Bureau, lat
doing special reporting for the Durham Herald.
November, 1927, he was named personal secreta:
to Governor McLean, continuing through the 19!
session of the General Assembly in Governor Gar
ner's administration. He then became capital co
respondent for several North Carolina newspape
and a Washington newspaper. He handled a seri
of industrial articles for North Carolina Educate
(Continued on page 124)
M. R. Dunnagan
NOTE—The cover photo and all of the other "old
car" photos used in this magazine were supplied by thl
Automobile Manufacturers Association. "The E.S.C
Quarterly" is grateful to the AMA for its cooperation il
providing these photos for use in this "Automotive Irl
dustry" issue.
Summer-fall, 1956 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 75
Coverage Extended lo 32,000 Additional Tar Heel Workers
An additional 32,000 North Carolina workers have
:ome under coverage of the Employment Security
Law since January 1 of this year. More North Caro-ina
workers were covered under the law in the first
parter of 1956 than in any earlier period, a report
prepared by Hugh M. Raper, director of Research
ind Statistics, has shown.
The increased coverage is due to a new provision
)f the law which went into effect January 1. Under
;hat provision, firms employing four to seven work-ers
became liable for tax contributions for the first
dme. It is expected that by the end of the year over
55,000 Tar Heel workers will have been brought un-jier
the law because of the extended coverage.
i The General Assembly, at its 1955 session, amended
the law to extend its provisions to employers of four
br more workers after Congress had amended the
federal Unemployment Tax Act in the same manner.
Previously, only employers of eight or more workers
were liable.
During the first quarter of this year, coverage in
!^orth Carolina reached the monthly average of more
;han 794,000—an all-time high. The full impact of
;he expanded coverage will not be reflected until
ater quarters, since the requirement is in terms of
four or more workers in employment for as many as
20 weeks in a calendar year.
Up to June 30, a total of 6,974 firms were brought
into the program under the new coverage provision.
The total number of firms participating in the pro-gram
as of July was 26,599. This figure is likely to
exceed 28,000 this year when all firms file reports
with the ESC and when investigations are completed
by Commission representatives. It is the responsi-bility
of employers to notify the ESC whenever they
meet requirements for coverage under the law. But
ESC field men now are checking on a number of firms
from whom reports have not been received.
Frequently in checking for coverage under the
new provision, the Commission finds employers who
actually were liable under the law's old requirements.
These employers must pay retroactive contributions
plus interest at the rate of six percent per year.
Total earnings for the first quarter amounted to
$604,972,000 giving a weekly average earning of
$58.59. This set a new first quarter record high.
Taxable wages amounted to $586,055,000 during
the quarter. This was an increase of 17.5 percent
over the $498,655,000 in the first quarter of 1955.
With the employers' tax averaging 1.23 percent, con-tributions
exceeded $7.2 million.
fhe Employment Picture: Generally Good Throughout the State
The employment picture in North Carolina was
generally good during the fall months and the work-ng
force is expected to remain stable or increase
lightly during the remainder of this year, according
o reports from the ESC's Bureau of Research and
Statistics. A moderate decline arising from the
isual seasonal adjustments is expected for the first
f 1957.
CHARLOTTE
The Charlotte area reported in October that dur-ng
the preceding two months, non-farm wage and
alaried workers increased moderately, bringing the
stimated total to 92,300 (37,870 women). Com-
>ared with a year ago, a very substantial employ-nent
gain occurred—3,200 or 3.6 percent. During
he two months, the most significant gains occurred
a trades, transportation, communications and public
itilities, and miscellaneous manufacture. Declines
ell mainly in textiles, machinery manufacturing,
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OCLC number | 26477199 |