wrolittiftti published by kr1dek se bingham mmrilyvllx t\y,sw t v\n 4 1830 yo l......._n 4 the wmters cahoi.imay is published every tues day at'thkee dollars per annum payable at tlie montlis.h iii seven weeks fewer peas by five fais/tela than thc other three yet they weighed more when kil led by 0 stone and four pounds upon an aver age or six stones twelve pounds upon the whole the poet the powers of mind necessary to produce those different results are not the same reesqn governs the one and imagina tion the other the former is confined to argument and truth the latter to imagery and sentiment the orator analyzes aud reasons compares and deduces j tiie poet combines and imitates ; of happiness ; — that to secure these rights gov ernments are instituted among men deriving their just powers from the consent of the gov erned ; — that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of thc people to alter or abolish it anil to institute a new government laying its foundation on suclj principles and organizing its pow era in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness prudence indeed will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes anel accordingly all experience hath shown that man kind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed ilu when a long train of abuses and usurpations pur suing invariably thc same object evinces u design to reduce them under absolute despotism it i their right it is their duly to throw off such gov ernment and to provide new guards for their fu ture security such has bcen the patient suffer ance of these colonies ; anel such is now thc nr cc-siiy which constrains them to alter their forme .-■. systems of government — the history e,f tb present kin of grcat-brtain i a history of rr pealed injuries and usurpations all having in ep . lect object thc establishment of an absolute tyi anny over these states to prove this let fact be submitted to a candid world : — hix^no paper will be discontinued until 1i arrearages are paid unless at tlie discretion of thc editors whoever will become responsible for the payment of nine papers shall receive a tenth gratis l'mityuhtvvvtt adv terms will be inserted ou the customary from " letteus from washington no advertisement inserted until it has been paid for or its payment assumed by sonic person in this town or its vicinity " his eye in a line phrenzy rolling dotli glance from heaven to earth from earth i-i heaven and embodies forth the forms of things un known the orator must exist in the living world ; the poet may live in a world of his own creation memory and judgment are lhe powers employed by the former imagina tion and invention those exercised by tiie lat ter in moving the heart and exciting the passions they differ only in the means em ployed to produce this effect anel in this alone they approximate ihe examples are numerous to establish the correctness of these positions cicero was a great orator but a bad pott ; pope was a great poet but a bad orator in short oratory ancl poetry have never been united in one individual but to return with all the excellencies i have mentioned mr calhoun has some great faults l icn,af>piirticnt says the duke de la rochefocault '"■ t/tt'au.v grands homines pavoir iegrands defauts ,> he wants i think consistency and perseverance of mind and seeus incapable ot long continued antl j patient investigation what he does not see hat tiie tu st examination he seldom takes pains i j to search tor ; but still the lightning glance oi lus mind and the rapidity with which hc analyzes never fails to furnish him with all i that may be necessary for his immediate pur poses in his legislative career which 1 though shirt was uncommonly luminous his iuve u novelty and his apparent solici itude to astonish were so great that he has occasionally been known to go beyond even : the dream ol political visionaries antl to pro pose schemes which were in their nature im i practicable or injurious and which he seemed jto o/1-.r merely lor the purpose of displaying the affluence of his mind and lhe fertility ot ihis ingenuity youth aud tbe necessary want ol experience may be pled as an apol ogy lor his eccentricities of conduit and his apparent aberrations lhe wisdom of age and a more conect and extensive accptaint ance with men anel things will doubtless allay the ardor ot his mind ami lessen the fervor ot his temperament like our eccentric countryman darwin he is capable of broach ing new theories but wants the persevering investigation tension of thtught ancl patience ol judgmeni,nccess-'ry tu bring them to matu rity or to render them beneficial men like these are often both very serviceable and in jurious to society in such a body as the | congress of the united states where tlie concentrated wisdom of the nation is assem bled such a man's sphere of usefulness can not be correctly ascertaineel or defined — amidst the variety ol schemes hh ingenuity suggests and his restless emulation urges him to propose many will no doubt be found to be practicable ; and though be cannot himself pause to mature them the mass of mind bv which he it stti rounded and on which he blazes vvill reduce them to shape and give to his ingenious novelties " a local habitation and a name in short mr calhoun is one of those beings whom you can only trace lilte the comet by the light which he casts upon his path or the blaze which he leaves in bis train but the situation to which he has re cently been elevated has 1 fear abridged his sphere ot uselulness ; ancl as secretary of war mr calhoun who occupied every tongue during the sessions of the national legisla ture may dwindle into obscurity but will never be forgotten mr calhoun is a young man oi about thirty-five years of age his torm is above the middle size but meagre bony and slender : his face wants beauty but his eye possesses all the brilliancy and lire nf genius lie is a native of the south and has i understand been educated for tlie bar it is not my in tention to enter into any abstract speculations on the influence of climate upon the human intellect on this subject much ingenuity and learning have bcen wasted and the vis ionary theories of buffon kaynal c have bcen laid aside as the lumber of tlie schools or the idle sporting of fancy ; but it has al ways appeared to me that sonic climates are mere propitious to genius and the rapid dc vclopement of the intellectual powers than others the soft and voluptuous climate of ionia for example is better adapted to nour ish and expand the genius of man than the inclement blasts and " thick litotian air 1 ' of northern latitudes be this however as it may whether mr calhoun be indebted to climate to nature or to circumstances lor the powers he possesses he is urcpues tionably an extraordinary young man he started up on the theatre ef legislation a political roscius and astonished the vete rans around him by the power of his mind and the rcsistlessness of his eloquence he has the ingenuity without the sophistry of godwin to whose mind i think his bea.*s no trilling analogy on all subjects whether abstract or ordinary whether political or moral hc thinks with a rapidity that no diffi culties can resist aud with a novelty that never fails to delight lie has the brilliancy | without the ornament of burke the fire with out the literature of pitt with an inven tion which never abandons him and whose fertility astonishes he seems to loath thc pa rade of rhetoric and the glitter and decora tions of ait his style of eloquence is pe culiar and extraordinary ; without any appa rent pageantry of imagination or any of the flower-woven beauties of language he seizes on the mind which like the unfortunate bird under the influence of fascination becomes passive and obedient to the power it neither can nor wishes to resist in the " tempest and whirlwind of his eloquence his argu mentation is so rapid his thoughts are so novel and his conclusions so unexpected vet apparently correct that you can neither anti cipate nor think ; the attention is rit eteel and the mind occupied alone with the subject which lie is handling and it is not until the fascination of his manner has subsided that you feel inclined to reason or become capa ble of detecting his errors pi ven then his witchery lingers cn the imagination and casts a veil over the judgment which it cannot im mediately remove and which in opposition to the strongest efforts tends to obscure its perceptions ancl weaken its energies i have heard gentlemen who were associated with him declare that when he spoke tbey were for some time after he had closed unable to remove the spell by which they were bound ; and that even by condensing almost to obscu rity they could not answer the whole of his iiunierous arguments and ingenious deduc tions without occupying too much ofthe time of the house and yet he has never been known to attempt but one rhetorical flourish and in that be unfortunately failed his ora torical style has none of the embellishments of art or the witcheries of fancy but is al most to dryness plain unadorned and con cise he has nothing in him poetical — his creations are not those of imagination in wdiich i think he is somewhat deficient you never see him employed in weaving garlands or strewing flowers on your path ; be never strives to lap ia elysium to delight in the rainbow colors and eractic blaze of fancy his light ir the light of reason clear unre fracted ancl luminous between oratory and poetry there is i con ceive an essential difference conviction is the object of the orator and pleasure that of x/"ah letters to tbe editors must bc post-paid or thev will notbc attended to attluu\3 litistuwi like the first mortals blest is he from debts and usury and business free jlith his oii'n team who ploughs tlie coil which grateful once confessed his fa thc •'.- toil the farmer's text book great profits in agriculture can result only from great improvements of the soil great improve ments of thc soil can result only from unremit ting industry the chief study of every farmer should be what it useful and what ia uaelesa ex pense in relation to his art the discrimination he has refused his assent to laws the mo-it wholesome anel necessary for the public good hi has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance unless suspended in their operation till his assent should bc obtained ; and when so suspended he has ut terly neglected to attend to them he has refused to piss other laws for the ac commodation of large districts of people unless those people would relinquish the right of repre sent tion in the legislature — a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only he has called together legislative bodies at places unusual uncomfortable and distant from . the depository of their public records for the soles purpose cf fatiguing them br compliance with j his measures between these is the master key of the farmer's prosperity the first should bc incurred with a freedom little short ot profusion thc last should be shunned as the sailor shuns the rocks where are seen the wreck of the hopes of preceding mariners in this art and almost in this art alone " it is the liberal hand which makcth rich " liberality in providing utensils is thc saving both of time and of labour the more perfect bis instruments thc more profitable are they he has dissolved representative houses repeat cdly for opposing with manly firmness his in vasions em the rights of the people he has refused for a long time after ur.h di solutions to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers incapable of annihilation have returned to the people at large for their ex ercise ; the state remaining in thc nic;,:i time ex posed to all the danger of invasion from without and convulsions wilhin so also is it with ij^workirfg c^.tlc and ills stock the most perfect in their kin is are ever the most profitable liberality in good barns and warm s_icl_crs is the source of health strength and comfort to ani mals ; causes them to thrive on less food and se cures from damage all sorts of crops liberality also in the provision of food fpr do mestic animals is the source of flesh muscle and manure he bas endeavored to prevent thc population of these states ; for that purpose obstructing tho laws for naturalization of foreigners ; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither and raising tlie condition of new appropriation of lands liberality to the earth in seed culture and compost is lhc source of its bounty he has obstructed the administration of jin nee by refusing his assent to laws for establish ing judiciary powers ili # bas made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices and the amount antl payment of their salaries lis has erected a multitude of new offices and sent hither swarms of officers to hart-ass our people and eat out their substance he has kept among us in times of peace siritv cling armies without the consent of our legisla tures thus it is in agriculture as in every part of creation a wise antl paternal providence has in separably connected our duty and our happiness in cultivating the earth thc condition of man's success is his industry upon it in raising domestic animals tlie condition of his success i.s kindness ancl benevolence to them in making thc productiveness of the earth de pend upon the diligence antl wisdom of the culti vator the universal l-'athcr has inseparably con ncclcd the fertility of his creation with the stron gest intellectual inducements and tlie highest moral motives he has affected to render the military indepen elcrit of and superior to thc civil power he has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and un acknowledged by our laws ; — giving his assent lo their acts of pretended legislation — for quartering large bc.lics of troops anion us : — in putting the brutal world under his dominion be bus placed the happiness of which their nature is susceptible under the strong guarantee oi m:m's interest for protecting them hy a mot dial front punishment for any murders which they shoultl commit on the inhabitants of these state : — instead therefore of repining at his lot let the cultivator of the ground consider his as among thc highest and happiest of all human destinies mnce in relation to the earth he is the instru ment of heaven's bounty : and in relation to the inferior orders of creation the almoner of prov idence for rutting off our trade with all parts of thc world : — for imposing taxes on us without our con sent : — i'or depriving us in many cases of the benefits of trial by jury : — for transporting us beyond seas to bc tried for pretended offences s • for abolishing the free system of english laws in a neighboring province establishing therein an arbitrary govern ment and tenft_rging its boun daries so as lo render it at once an example and lit instrument for introducing thc t.amc absolutes rule into these colonies — management t_f vila the importance of the following experiment with respect to the treatment of hogs copied from a london newspaper has induced a member of the society foi'-promothig agriculture to rcepiest thut it may bc published in their next collection for the attention of the american farmer deelliauon *»!_ independence a i vim mhi's lliri.aluvion 11 v tlllf 11 ll'll j'sknt.vrl vks iii - tin i'mtiai states 01 awulic it cuxobesi as8emb-.sd ji i.v -., 1776 for taking away our charters abolishing out most valuable laws and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments : — ■ for suspending our legislatures and declaring themselves invested vith power to legislate for ut in all cases whatsoever wren in the course of human events it be comes necessary for oiic people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the poweis of the earth the separate and equal station to whieb ihe laws of nalur and of nature's god entitle them ; a decent respect to the opinions of man kind requires that ihey should declare the causes which impel them to the separation v hold these truths to be stli evident tha ii mr are created equal ; th.it tbey arc endowed by their creator with certain unalienable i ights ■! jut among u'r.i a*e l f «*> liberty m & the puwitt " thc following experiment w:.s lately made bv a gentleman of norfolk six pigs ofthe nor folk breed ancl of nearly equal weight were put to keeping at thc same time und treated the same us to food and litter for about seven weeks — three 06 them were left to shift lor themselves as to cleanliness ; thc other three were kept as clean as possible by a nun employed for the purpose h/ith a currycomb snd brush the l s risuincil lie abdicated government here by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us lie has plundered our seas ravaged our • asis burnt our town and destroyed the lives of o'm people he is tt this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the worlds of firth desola'f on r.ntftyi nn <• already ycgt.n,y..ut * jr calhoun and mr godwin are alik oonsp-cuoua for viliat i call ingenuity u cftnt-rxuititigiastifel frwt imagination . brill's nu i key applied tn g^ifu ..