terms f the watchman ,-,_.. m or year two dollars — payable in if not paid in advance two dollars ' j fi,-,y cts will be charged a inserted at § i for the first and 25 cts sequent insertion court orders chtrged 23 per ct higher than these rates a liberal deduc tion to those who advertise by the year , ,., ,,;,;< to the editors must bu post paid residents message -/',, the senate and house of ■ representatives ofthe united stales concluded the preservation ofthe constitution from in fraction is the president's highest duty he is bound to discharge ihat duty al whatever haz ard of incurring ihe displeasure ofthose who mav differ with him in opinion he is bound io discharge it as well by ins obligations to the people who have clothed bim with his exalted oust as bv his oath of office which he may not disregard nor are the obligations of the pre anv degree lessened by the prevalence of views different irom his own in one or both - of congress il is required to rln ■ t : but if at any lime congress shall after appa rentlv full deliberation resolve on men urea which he deems subversive to the constitution or oflhe vital interests of the country it is his solemn duty to stand in the breach and resist them the president is bound to approve or disap prove every bill which passes congress and is ii ed to him for his signature the con ii mal ps this his duty and he cannot es cape ii il he would he has no election in ii any bill presented to him he ,.;:-' • ■.■"■ t • his own bes judgment if he cannot appro ile conslilution commands him i , return the . ill lo lhe hon in which ii origi .. it h hi • objections : an ii he fail lo do within ten days sund vs excepted it iiiiii become a law without signature — right or wrong he may be ov . ruled by a vole of two-lhii ds of each house ; and iu that event lhe bill becomes a hi without his auction — if his objections be not thus over-ruled lhe sub - only postpom d and is ri ferred lo the states and the people for their consideration snd decision the president's power is nega tive merely and nol affirmative lie can enael im law i'lr only effect therefore of his with ig lis approval of a bill passed l.y con ress is lo suffer the existing jaws lo remain unchanged and the delay occasioned is only that required to enable the stales and the peo ple to consider and act upon the subject in the a of public agents who will carry oul their wishes and instructions any attempt to coerce the president to yield his sanction to measures which he cannot approve would hea violation of die spirit ofthe constitution palpa ble anil flagrant ; and if successful would break down the independenre ofthe executive depart ment and make the president elected by the people and clothed by lhe constitution with power to defend their rights the mere instru ment of a majorily of congress a surrender on his part ofthe powers with which the con stitution has invested hi office would effect a practical alteration oi'ihat instrument without resorting lo the prescribed process ol atnend m int with the motives or considerations which may induce congress lo pas any bill lhe pre ident ean have nothing lo do he must pre sume them to be as pure as his own and look only to the practical effect of their measures when compared wiih the constitution or the pumic good bui it has been urged by ibose who object lo lhe exercise of this undoubted constitutional power that it assails lhe representative princi ple airl die capacity of the people lo govern themselves : that there is greater safely in a numerous representative body lhan in the sin pie executive created by the constitution and lhal lhe executive veto is a " oik man p uver despotic in its character to expose tin t.dla ry ot ihis objection it is only necessary to con sider lhe frame and true character of our sys tem ours is not a consolidated empire but a confederated union the states before the adoption of the constitution were co-ordinate co-equal and seperate independent sovereign lies and by its adoption ihey did not lose lhal character they clothed the federal govern ment wilh certain powers and reserved all oihers including iheir o n soveriegnly to them selves they guarded iheir own rights as slates am the rights oflhe people by the very limitations which ihey incorporated into the federal constitution whereby lhe different de parlmenls of lhe general government were cheeks upon each other that the majorily should govern is a general principle contro verted by none lint they niu-l govern accord ing lo lhe constitution and not according to an undefined and unrestrained discretion whereby they may oppress tlie minority the people oflhe united states are not blind lo the facl lhal they may be temporarily misled and lhal iheir representatives legislative and executive may lie mistaken or influenced in their action i \ improper motives they have therefore inti ised between themselves and the laws which may be passe ' by their public agents various representations such as assem blies senates and governors i iheir several stales ; a house ofrepresenl ; es a senate nd a president ofthe united states the people can i o iheir own direct agency make do law ; nor . ui thi llotise-of representatives immediately elected by ihem ; nor can lhe sen ale ; nor can both together without the concur rence ofthe president or a vote of two-lhirds ol both hotis c happily for themselves the people in fram ing our admirable system of government were conscious oflhe infirmities ot iheir representa tives and in delegating to hem lhe power of legislation they have fenced them around with checks to guard against the effects of basly ac tion of error of combination and of possible corruption error selfishness and faction have owen sought lo rend asunder this web of checks nd subject the government lo the control of lanatic and sinister influences : but.these efforts ave only satisfied the people of ihe wisdom of he checks which they have imposed and of ike necessity of preserving them unimpaired ihe true theory of our system is not to be roveined by the acts or decrees of any one sel representatives the conslilution interposes cl>ccks upon all branches of the government in order to he time for error io be corrected aud elusion to pass away but if the people sellle wn into a firm conviction diflerenl from lhal our representatives ihey give effect lo llieir pinions l.y changing their public servants 0e checks which the people imposed on their public servants in lhe adoption ofthe conslitu 10n are ihe best evidences of their capacity pt self-government they know that the men * in ihey elect to public stations are of like nl»"imies and passions with themselves and no1 to be trusted without being restricted by co bruneb & james ) . eduors cy proprietors \ " k a "£™ «* ™» ) xew series do tius an llbekti is safe > gen'l.hurrxson voll'me v number ll salisbury n c thursday january 4 is ordinate aulhoritiea and conslilutional limita i tions who that has witnessed the legislation of congress for lhe last thirty years will say ihat he knows of no instance in which measures not demanded by public good have been car ried ? who will deny thai in the state govern ments by combinations of individuals and sec linns in derogation ofthe general interest banks have heen chartered systems of internal im provemenl adopted and debts entailed upon tbe people repressing their growth and impairing iheir energies fm j ears lo come .' after so much experience i cannot he said that absolute unchecked power is sale in the hands of any one set of representatives or lhal the capacity ol'ihe people lor self-government whi h is admitted iu iis broadest extent is a conclusive argument to prove the prudence ' wisdom and integrity of their representatives the people by lhe conslilution have com manded the president as much as ihey have commanded lhe legislative branch of the gov ernment to execute llieir will they have said to him in the constitution which thev re quire he shall lake a solemn oath lo support lhal if congress pass any bill which he cannot appro1 e •■ he shall return it to he house in which ti originated with his objections in withholding from it his approval and signature he is executing lhe will of ihe people constitu tionally expressed us much as lhe congress that passed it no bill is presumed to be in ac cordauce with llie popular will until it shall have passed through all the branches of the go vernmenl required by the constitution to make ii a lav a bill which passes the house of | representatives may be rejected by the senate ; and so a bill passed by the senate may bo re jected by the house in each case the respec tive houses exercise the veto power on the other congress and each house of congress hold under lbe constitution a check upon the presi dent and he by lhe power ofthe qualified veto a check upon congress when the president recommends measures to congress he avows iu the most solemn form his opinions gives his voice in their favor and pledges himself in ad vance to approve ihem il passed by congress if he acts without due consideration or has been influenced by improper orcorrupl motives — or if irom any oilier cause congress or cither house of congress shall differ wilh him in opin ion they exercise their veto upon his recommen dations and reject hem ; and there is no ap peal from their decision hut to the people at the ballot-box these are proper checks upon the executive wisely interposed hy the constitution none will be found to objecl to them or lo wish them removed !; is equally important ihat ilu consiilniion.il checks oflhe executive upon the legislative branch should he preserved ifil i.e said thai lhe representatives in the popular branch of congress are chosen direct ly hy the people it is answered the people e lecl he president if both houses represent the itates and the people so does the presi dent the president represents in iho execu tive department lie whole people ofthe united states as each member of tbe legislative de partment represent portions of them the doctrine of restriction upon legislative and executive power while a weil settled pub ' lie opinion is enabled within a reasonable time to accomplish its ends has made our country what il is and has opened to us a career of glory and happiness to which all other nations have been strangers in the exercise oflhe power ofthe veto the president is responsible not only to an enlight ened public opinion but to the people ol the whole it nion who elected him as the repre sentatives in the legislative branches who dif ler wilh him in opinion are responsible to the people of particular stales or districts who compose their respective constituencies to deny to lhe president the exercise of this power would he io repeal ihat provision ofthe consti tution whicli confers it upon him to charge that iis exercise unduly controls the legislative will is to complain oflhe conslilution itself if lhe presidential veto he objected lo upon the ground thai it checks and thwarts the pub lic will upon the same principle the equality of representation of the sates in the senate should be stricken out oflhe constitution the vole ofa senator from delaware has equal weight in deciding upon the most important measures with the vole of a senator from xew york and yet the one represents a state containing according to ihe existing apportionment of rep resentatives in the house of representatives hut one 1 hiily fourth part of the population ol lhe other by the constitutional composition oflhe senate a majority of that body from lhe in dler s;aies represent less lhan one-fourth ol the people of lhe union there are thirty slates ; and under the existing apportionment of representatives there are 230 members iu the house of representatives sixteen of the smaller slates are represented in that house by , 1 ut fifty members ; and yet the senators from these slates constitute a majority oflhe senate so thai ll.e president may recommend a mea sure to congress and il may receive the sane tion or approval of more lhan three-fourths of the house of representatives and ofall the senators fr un tbe large slates containing more than three-fourths ofthe whole population oflhe f iiiiid si lies : and yet ihe measure may he de feated by the votes of the senators from the smaller states none ii is presumed can be found ready to change the organization of the senate on this account or to strike that body practically out of existence by requiring ihat its actiou shall he conformed to the will ot the more numerous branches upon ihe same principle that the veto ofthe presided should he practically abolished lhe power of tiie vice president lo give tbe casting vote upon an equal division ofthe senate should he abolished also i'he nice president c.xer eises the veto power quite as effectually by re jeclin a hili by his casting vote as the presi dent does by refusing lo approve or dgn it — this power has been exercised by the "\ ice president in a few instances lhe most impor tant of which was lhe rejection of ihe biil lo re charter the hank ofthe united slates in 1811 li may happen that a hill may be passed by a large majority ofthe house of representatives and may be supported by thc senators from the larger stales and tbe vice president may re jeel if by giving ids vote wilh the senators from the smaller states and yet none it is pre sunied are prepared lo deny to him the exercise ofthis power under the constitution bui it is in point of fact untrue that an act passed by congress is conclusive evidence tbat it is an emanation of die popular will a ma jority of the whole number elected lo each house of congress constitutes a quorum is com petent to pass laws it might happen that a quorum ofthe house of representatives con i sisling of a sin member more than half of the whole number elected to that house might pas a bill by a majority ofa single vote and i in that case a fraction more than one-fourth of the people ofthe united states would be repre sented by ihose who voted for it itmighl hap pen that the same bill might be passed by a majority ofone ofa quorum ofa senate com posed of senators from the fifteen smaller states and a single senator from a sixteenth state and if the senators voting for it happened to he from the eight of the smallest of these states it would he passed by the votes of senators from slates having but 24 representatives in the house of representatives and containing less than one-sixteenth of the whole population of the united stales this extreme ease is slated lo illustrate die fact that the mere passage of a hill by ton gress is no conclusive evidence that those who passed it represent the majority of the people ofthe united slates or truly reflect their will if such an extreme case is not likely to happen cases lhal approximate i are of constant occur rence it is believed that not a single law has heen passed since lhe adoption ofthe constitu tion upon which all thc members elected to both houses have been present and voted — many ofthe most important acts which have passed congress have been carried by a close vote in thin houses many instances of this might be given indeed our experience proves that many ofthe most important acts of con gress are postponed lo .. last days and often the last hours ofa ses ion hen they are dis posed of in haste i ' heo-es but little ex ceeding the number necessary to form a quo rum resides in mos of lhe slates the members ofthe house of representat s are chosen by pluralities and not by majeii r , of all the vo ters in llieir respective districts . and it may happen that a majority of that house may be re turned by a less aggregate vote of the people lhan that received by the minority if lhe principle insisted on be sound then the conslilution should be so changed ihat no bill shall become a law unless il is voted for by members representing in each house a majori ty of the wh people oflhe united states — vve mu-t remodel our whole system strike down and abolish not only lhe salutary checks lodged in lhe executive branch but must strike out and abolish those lodged in the senate also and thus practically invest the whole power of the government in a majority ofa single assem | bly — a majority uncontrolled and absolute and which may become despotic to conform to this doctrine of tho right of majorities to rule independent of the checks and limitations ol the j constitution we must revolutionize our whole svstem vve must destroy the constitutional compact by which the several states agreed to form a federal union and rush into consolida tion which must end in monarchy or despotism xo one advocates such a proposition ; and yet the doctrine maintained if carried out must lead to this result one great objecl of the constitution in con ferring upon the president a qualified negative upon the legislation of congress was to protect minorities from injustice and oppression by ma jorities the equality of iheir representation in the senate and lhe veto power of die presi dent are the constitutional guaranties which the smaller stales have ihat iheir rights will be re spected without these guaranties ail their interests would be at the mercy of majorities in congress representing the larger slates to the smaller and weaker stales therefore the preservation ofthis power and its exercise up on proper occasions demanding it is of vital importance they ratified lhe conslilution and entered into the union securing to themselves an equal representation with the larger stales in the senate ; and they agieed to be bound by all laws passed by congress upon the ex press condition and none other that they should lie approved by thc president or passed his objections to the contrary notwithstanding by a vote of two-lhirds of both houses up u this condition they have a rigid to insist as a part ofthe compact to width they gave iheir assent a bill might be passed by congress against the will ofthe whole people ofa particular state and against the vote of its senators and repre sentatives however prejudicial it might he to the interest of such slate it would be hound by it if the president shall approve it or it should he juissed by a vote of two-thirds of both hous es but it has a right to demand that the pre sident shall exercise hisconstitutional power and arrest it if his judgmeni is against it if he surrender this power or fail to exerci-e it in a case where he cannot approve it would make his formal approval a mere mockery and would be itself a violation ofthe conslilution and the dissenting slate would become bound hy a law which had not been passed according to lhe sanctions uf lhe con-'t the objection to >' eicisc ofthe veto pow er is founded upon an ' let respecting the pop ular wi;h which if carried out would annihilate slate sovereignty and substitute for the present federal government a consoli lation directed by a supposed numerical majoi ... a revolution oflhe government would be silently effected and the slates would be subjected to laws to which they hud never given their constitutional consent the supreme court ofthe united states is invested wilh the power to declare and h i de dared acts of congress passed wiih the con currence ofthe senate the iluuse ofrepresen tatives and die approval ofthe president to be unconstitutional and void and yet none it is presumed can be found who wiil be disposed to strip this highest judicial tribunal under die constilutiou of this acknowledged power — a power necessary alike to its independence and the rights of individuals for the same reason ihat the executive veto should according tu the docti ine maintained be rendered nugatory and be practically expung ed from lhe constitution ihis power ofthe court sh uld also be rendered nugatory and be ex punged because i restrains lbe legislative and executive will and because the exercise of such a lower by the court may be regarded as be iag in conflict with the capacity ofthe people to govern ihemselves indeed there is more reason for striking this power ofthe court from the constitution lhan there is that of the quali fied v..-to of lhe president ; because the decis ion of the court is final and can never be re versed even though both houses of congress and the president should be unanimous in op position to it whereas the veto ofthe presi dent may be over-ruled by a vote ol two-thirds of both houses of congress or by lhe people at ihe polls it is obvious that to preserve the system es tablished by the constitution each ofthe co-or dinate branches oflhe government — the execu tive legislative and judicial — must be left in the exercise of its appropriate powers if the executive or lbe judicial branch be deprived of powers conferred upon eilher as checks on the legislative the preponderance ofthe filter will become disproportionate and absorbing and tlie others impotent for the accomplishment of the great objects for which they were established organized as they are by ihe constitution they work together harmoniously for lhe public good if the executive and the judiciary shall he de prived oflhe constitutional powers invested in ihem and of iheir due proportions the equili brium oflhe system must be destroyed and con soiidation wilh the most pernicious results must ensue — a consolidation of unchecked des potic power exercised by majorities of the leg islative branch the executive legislative and judicial each constitutes a separate co-ordinate department ofthe government ; and each is independent of the others in lhe performance of their respec tive duties under the constitution neither can in its legitimate action control the others — they each act upon their several responsibili ties in iheir respective spheres ; but if these doctrines now maintained be correct the execu tive must become practically subordinate to lhc legislative and the judiciary must become subordinate to both lhe legislative and the ex ecutive and thus lhe whole power ofthe gov ernment would be merged in a single depart ment whenever if ever this shall occur our glorious system of well regulated self-govern ment will crumble iu'o ruins — to be succeeded lirst by anarchy and finally by monarcy or i\v potism i am far irom believing that this doc trine is the sentiment oflhe american people ; and during the short period which remains in which it will be my duly to administer ihe ex ecutive department it will he my aim to main tain its independence and discharge its duties without infringing upon the powers or duties of either ofthe other departments of tiie govern ment i'he power ofthe executive veto was exer cised y lhe first and most illustrious ofmy pre decessors and by four of his successors who preceded tne in the administration of the gov ernment and il is believed iu no instance pre judicially lo the public interests it has never been and there is but utile danger that it ever can be abused no president will ever desire unneccessarily lo place his opinion in opposi tion to ihat of congress he must always ex ercise the power reluctantly and only in cases where his convictions make it a matter ofslern duty which he cannot escape indeed there is more danger thai the president from the re pugnance he must always feel lo come in col lission with congress may fail to exerciseit in cases where the preservation of the constitu tion from infraction or the public good may demand it than that he will ever excici.e it un necessarily or wantonly during tlie period i have administered the executive department ol lbe government great and important questions of public policy for eign and doine.-tic have arisen upon which it was my duty to acl it may indeed be truly said that my administration has fallen upon eventful times i have felt most sensibly ihe weight oflhe high responsibilities devolved up on me wilh no other object ihan the public good the enduring fame and permanent pros perity of my country i have pursued lhe con viciions of my own besl judgment fhe im partial arbitrament of enlightened public opin ion present and future will determine how lar the public policy i have maintained and the measure i have from time io lime recommen ded mav have tended lo advance or retard lhe public prosperiiy at heme and to elevate or de press the estimate ofour national character a i road invoking th > blessings oflhe almighty upon your deliberations at your preseni important session my ardent hope is that in a spirit ol harmony and concord you may be guided lo wise results and such as may redound to the happiness lhe honor and the glory of our be loved country james k polk washi_vgto dec 5 1848 cultivation of indigo among dyers and color makers the bengal indigo is highest prized it is far superior to any other kind the guita roala or south american i.s the next in qualify and then the various grades of spanish float c tbe best bengal si lis for 2 per pound and it i.s a great source of revenue tt the british government — as ihis is at present the most valuable of all the dye drugs selling lor more than cochineal the it slates must consume more and more of it as we increase in manufactures the cultivation of the in digo plant should ihen lore arrest the at tention of our southern planters as there can le no doubt of an open and ready sale at all times if the quality is good we say this because some may say that there is hot a good market for what is now made in the states that which is raised i;i louisiana and s carolina but the reason of the american indigo being on saleable in the market is owing to its in ferior qualit it is far easier to work as it is called a good than a bad quality of indigo in making thc sulphate ol indigo the inferior requires more sulphuric acid than the superior quality v die it does not yii i i one fourth the amount of c '. r ing matter and the htbi r to use them both is the same it is then fore of the uti consequence to pay attention and particu lar attention to the qualit bengal ex ports more than eight million of pounds every year and the quality has hei n stea dily increasing indigo succeeds best near tiie trophies where the mean temperature reaches 75 nnd bo deg fahrenh :. i be soil should be light and rich sow in april 12 lbs to the acre in drills 15 to 20 incites apart moisture is r quisite but undrained soil should be avoided — to be kept free from weeds and grass and thin ned by hoeing cut with a reaping book near the ground when about the lower or so soon as the lower leaves begin to turn this period will be in july in south carolina a second crop is cut at tbe end of august and a third in guatimala and india the first crop is the best — the excellence of indigo depends upon the brightness ofthe season — wet weath er produces large plants but a small quart ti t y of coloring matter tiie culture is very precarious both as regards the growth of the plant from year to year and the quantity and quality of the drug even in tlie same season good indigo is known by its lightness or small specilic gravity indicating the absence of earthy impurities — by not readily parting with its coloring matter when a mass is drawn over a white surface ; but above all by the purity of the color itself in the delta ofthe ganges where the best and largest quantity of indigo is pro duced the plant lasts lor only a single season being destroyed by the periodical inundations but in the dry central and western provinces one or two rattoon crops arc obtained in south carolina the following method is employed to extract the indigo from the plant which answers well enough for do mestic purposes but it is lime that great er attention was paid to the manufacture of a belter article when the underbearers begin tt dry they are cut down and put into a barrel idled with rain water with board and weights placed on them to keep them un der water when bubbles begin to form on the top and the water begins to look ol a reddish color it is soaked enough and must be ta ken out taking care to wring and squeeze the leaves well so as to obtain all the strength of the plant ; it must then be churned which may be done by means of a tolerable open basket with a handle to raise it up and down until the liquor is quite in a foam to ascertain whether it is done enough a spoonfuil is taken out on a plate and a small quantity of very strong lye put into it if the liquor curdles it is a sign that it is churned enough when potash lye ol considerable strength is added by small quantities and the churning continued un til it i.s all sufficiently curdled ; care must be taken not to put in too much lye as that will spoil ir when it curdles freely with the lye it must be sprinkled well i.vei the top with oil which immediately causes the foam to subside alter which it must stand till the indigo settles to tbe bottom ot the barrel this may be dis covered by the appearance of water which must be let oil gradually by boring hobs lirst near tbe top and afterwards lower as it continues to settle when the wa ter is all let off and nothing remains but the mud it is taken and put into a funnel bag and hung up to drip afterwards spreading it todry ca large dishes none of the foam which is tho strength of lhe weed should escape — scientific 7t ■•'. th ciiy of bomb iy east indit ■. bombay coat nas a population 1 above three hundred thousand inhabitants a large proportion of whom an hindoos — the remainder are mahomedan . armeni ans jews and aboul 8000 parsees or lire worshippers i'he houses of the parsees many of whom are wealthy are ollen ol great extent ; because if a man has ma ny sons they continue to live under the same roof even when married — with their families and unci's aunt brothers sis ters sons daughters and grandchildren and remain together till the increase of numbers actually compels a portion of the family i > remove md to erect newdwel in^s for t ir own accommodation the lower classes content themselves with sn til huts mostly of cl iy with the tools made ofthe have of palmyra or cocoanut trees many | eople will he surprised to rarn thal the worship ei 3 ul 6re ill exi i in the east bur they are still numerous in the indian archipi lego w hi re a v < : them found ref ge from lhe relen mahomedan — scientific a ■ rican f . i v . — 1 men ail wbigs mve i een eiccit-.i * . •. viz : 1 ■• is b i t !..- '• na th aiiel t green ch u a l payne i a allison ado pie i erwin.and johu w in slow esquires — rideigh •'-' '''• iilndoo cavern te^le at bombay in iho east fndies there ar intercsiing excavations named the elephant a name given hy the portu guese imm a huge stone elephant found at tiie lauding iae it is carved out of ilie solid rock on which it stands but is now much broken nnd mutilated tho hewn entrance to the cave is from forty to fifty fret wide and its b'-tgbt about twenty feet 1 is supported by large ro lumns carved from ;!;•• solid rock tlm s es of the cavern are ornamented wiih numi bui iho lower t nd of he ca rrn site lhe • nlrance is lhe mosl remarkable ia the centre i a cod ol e . with tl ree heads repre sent g the i yer giver and preser ver — • decked with various orna ments thc features are ai very good with ih exception of the undei lip which is am _ . thick the length from the to the top o tlio head is aboul seven feet it |] perfect wiih tin ex • pi . i i.i th - ; wo h inds which are desti i i each si '.- of tbe tri headed god are two statues about fifteen feet high i dwarf these are much defaced to the r:_:h is a sculp tured group embracing a variety of lig ures ibe largest ot whicb is 10 feet high it is a double statue half male and half tt male with four hands another por tion cl this design i filled with small tig ures in attitudes of worship well execu ted the columns and various portions ol the sculpture have been much defaced by the portuguese in former times when they mad war upon the god and tem ples as well as upon tiie native inhabi tants no trace ol the history oi these caverns remains iheir origin is unknown they are supposed to in about two thou sand years old and must nave been the work of a people far advanced in the arts sen ntific ami rican hospital f ■:. till insane 1 will gladden the heart of every pat riot and philanthropist in the state to learn that the hill making a liberal ap propriation sec house proceedings for the erection ol so noble an institution has passed the house by a very large majori ty and will doubtless pass the senate likewise in what more lilting and beau tiful manner could our legislators termi nate tbeir labors for the year — a year of political turmoil and agitation — than by this work of humanity and christian charity .' the dawning of a new vear opens bright prospects to our unfortunate indigent insane — may iis close find the mental darkness of many dissipated by the morning of reason ! thc speech of mr dobbin in favor of the bill on l'i day morning last was one of the most touehingly beautiful efforts that we have ev r heard — its noble and eloquent conception impressive delivery and the circumstances which prompted and attended it — all conbined to render it truly woi thy ol the occasion we shall in ail propability have the pleasure of laying mr d's remarks before our read ers and if so we commend them and the other speeches upon this subject to the perusal of all good and humane men the speeches of messrs kaynerand dob bin are we learn to be published in pam phlet form friday dec 32 house of ( ommons the speaker annnounced the anival ol the hour for taking up the order of lhe day viz ihe establishment of an asylum tor the insane v hen mr dobbin m ved to amend the lull by in serting i . rentd ni everj i worth of prop erlv and •"• ' cents on every poll for four years leaving lhe coi nty c uris the liberty lo reduce the poor tax ii i'u ind onerous mr dob • n ihen wenl into a mosl aide and eloq ienl di fence ofthe bill and i1 ol.jei is ; at ihe close of -.. i ich ll i by him w d an i the s - jecond - 101 : n ies i >. mr stanly ihen •.: i the susp uision of the rules in oi r thai lhe bi ! mi ht be put upon its third reading : which was carried and it passed its third reading ayes 01 ; v>e ii ! on iu ii n the house then adjourned the fruit of the vixij a missionary al con ta itinople gives an account < f the various us t of he pro ductsol lhe vine iti the bast at the pre st nt day ; an i as that is called by ten dif ferent wor ' in the bible all translated wiue it is theobjcctol the writer to show that wine in our sense ol lhe term is pro bably intended in but few of the many passages ol lhe bible wh ire the article is spoken of with i lion and as an emblem u ags ••=< !' d'-u ~, l-'j neb 10 9 and also num c 3 4 we shall give a mere abstract of the ...,'. he - ■•.; - " that in asia minor an i syri i lhe i irge t part of the produce of the vine is used for other purposes than making intoxicating li uor another ra in _ iys in reference to syria •• wine is not lhe most important but ra ther the least so ol all lhe objects for which the • ated and of an othi r plac ■. •■• in ' tn i le is an item of no consideration wi ■'■ '•• n do ihey raise ;;,,. . , ■.,:■' the author then in an v ima,iti ■ . of the vt ie 1 th sfl l sery . •: or ll dm lhc i mr,s : cr .,. der and that put upfo future use th . the ■■'• j tf fresh ripegrap are eaten from