18th BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE N.C. DEPARTMENT
OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
THE LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF
NORTH CAROLINA
THE COLLECTION OF
NORTH CAROUNLVNA
c^5o
N87r
1958/60
This BOOK may be kept out TWO WEEKS
ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIVE
CENTS a day thereafter. It is DUE on the
DAY indicated below:
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A958- I960
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DNSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT
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North Carolina's 18-man Commerce and Industry team of lo-cation
engineers, headed by Wm. R. Henderson ( Center ), has
a specialist for just about any "language" industry may speak —or any question you may ask. This team includes chemical,
civil and mechanical engineers, research analysts, small-industry
specialists, and other experts qualified to provide
basic information on plant sites.
Give this team your challenge. It will be met in complete con-fidence,
entirely without obligation, with a promptness that
may surprise you.
For information about plant locations in North Carolina you
can communicate in confidence with Governor Luther H.
Hodges, Chairman of The Board of Conservation and Develop-ment,
Raleigh, North Carolina.
NO/mOkROUNA
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To His Excellency
The Honorable Luther H. Hodges
Governor of North Carolina
In compliance with the Statutes of North Caro-lina,
I am transmitting herewith the report of the
Department of Conservation and Development for
the biennium ending June 30, 1960.
Respectfully,
WILLIAM P. SAUNDERS,
Director
THE COVERS
RepTQSQniaWye North Carolina adveriisements produced by the Advertising Division are
shown on inside front and back covers. During this biennium there were 820 advertise-ments
that appeared in 138 publications with circulation of 405,404,930.
BOARD OF CONSERVATION
& DEVELOPMENT
(As of June 30, 1960)
Governor Luther H. Hodges, Chairman
Miles J. Smith, Salisbury Walter J. Damtoft, Asheville
1st Vice Chairman 2nd Vice Chairman
W. B. Austin, Jefferson H. C. Kennett, Durham
D. G. Bell, Morehead City R. W. Martin, Raleigh
F. J. Boling, Siler City Lorimer W. Midgett, Elizabeth City
^ Orton A. Boren, Pleasant Garden Hugh M. Morton, Wilmington
H. C. Buchon, Jr., North Wilkesboro "Edwin Pate, Lourinburg
Scroop W. Enloe, Jr., Spruce Pine W. Eugene Simmons, Tarboro
Voit Gilmore, Southern Pines '^ B. C. Trotter, Leoksviile
Amos R. Keorns, High Point T. Max Watson, Spindole
Gladys J. Gooch, Secretary to the Board
Board changes during 1958-1960 biennium
^Succeeded R. M. Hanes, deceased; ^succeeded Leo H. Harvey, deceased; ^succeeded
Charles S. Allen, deceased.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ADVISORY BOARD
A. W. Daniels, Cedar Island & Dick O'Neal, Swan Quarter
Charlotte, Chairman Lewis Hardee, Southport
Eric W. Rodgers, Scotland Neck Monroe Gaskill, Cedar Island
W. H. Mason, Oriental Ralph Meekins, Wanchese
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT
William P. Saunders, Director J. Edgar Kirk, Ass't Director
DIVISIONS AND DIVISION HEADS
Advertising Charles J. Porker
Commerce and Industry William R. Henderson
Commercial Fisheries C. G. Holland
Community Planning Robert D. Barbour
Forestry F. H. Clardige
*Geodetic Survey P. C. Doron
Mineral Resources Jasper L. Stuckey
State Porks Thomas W. Morse
Auditor Sidney C. Holden
Public Information Wade H. Lucas
* Division activated July, I960.
CONTENTS
The Board and Department 2
Foreword 4
Table of Organization 5
Adverti si ng 6
Commerce and Industry 13
Commercial Fisheries 19
Community Planning 22
Forestry 25
Mineral Resou rces 35
State Parks 40
Personnel 51
Budgets 62
^
FOREWORD
The mission of the Department of Conservation and Development is to conserve
and develop and to promote the wise use of the natural resources of North Carolina
for the common good of all her people.
This report is an account of the department's stewardship for the biennium ending
June 30, 1958.
In the interest of readability, much detail has been omitted. Those persons wishing
more information about specific phases of the department's program need only to
contact the Department or the Division directly concerned.
STATE
ADVERTISING
Travel
News
8.
Features
Photographs
Television,
Radio
Motion
Pictures
Booklets,
Pamphlets
Display
Advertising
Tourist
Information
Service
Travel
Statistics
Display
Material
Convention
Services
Homeaeeker
8c
Retire-i
=ffpil:ii COMMUNITY
PLANNING
Community
Planning
Long
Range
Communl
ty
Planning
Related
Planning
Ordinances
Obtains
Federal
Plan-ning
Grants
for
Municlpali
ties
under
25,000
Popu-
COMMERCIAL
FISHERIES
Supervision
of
Fisheries
Law
Enforcement
Statistics
Marine
Research
Surveys
Shellfish
Culture
8.
Sanitation
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ADMINISTRATION
Supervision
Audit
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Accounting
Personnel
Special
Projects
Purchasing
Mail
i.
Multlllth
Budgeting
Public
Information
Coordination
of
activities
of
all
divisions
In
cooperating
with
other
state,
federal,
municipal,
indus-trial
and
other
private
enterprises
in
conservation
and
development
of
natural
resources.
H
L
RESOURCES
Studies
c
Mapping
Ication
ory
Analysis
Fuels
Water phlc
Mapping
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STATE
PARKS
Operation
for
Public
Maintenance
Interpretative
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Public
Use
Programs
Protection
i
Law
Enforce-
Buslness
Management
Information
and
Education
Personnel
Administration
Planning,
Construction
S.
Development
Cooperation
with
other
Agencies
COMMERCE
8c
INDUSTRY
New
Industries
Industrial
Expansion
8c
Improvement
Industrial
Surveys
SI
te
Studies
Industrial
Building
Inventories
Statistics
8c
Industrial
Analyses
Small
Industries
GEODETIC
SURVEY
Establishing
Geodetic
Control
Extending
State
Coordinate
System
Computing
fa
Evaluating
Geodetic
Data
Publishing
Survey
Data
Publishing
Maps
Disseminating
Survey
Information
Cooperating
with
Private,
Public
fa
Governmental
Organizations
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STATE ADVERTISING
Over a billion advertising messages about North Carolina reached readers, viewers
and listeners throughout the nation in the 24-month period from July 1958 through
June 1960.
Over two and a half million booklets and pamphlets about the State's ottroctions
for industry, tourists and living in retirement were distributed, and there were 4,217
showings of Variety Vacotionland motion pictures.
The North Carolina story was further told in 273 news and feature releases and
in 1 0,946 photographs distributed throughout the nation and to several foreign
countries.
The Advertising Division answered 348,182 requests for information about North
Carolina as a place in which to live, work and play.
Dividends from this enterprise were reflected in the greatest number of tourists
ever to visit the State, and the largest number of new industries established in any
biennial period.
MISSION AND RESOURCES
The assignment of the Advertising Division is prescribed by General Statutes 1 13-
1 5 in which it is declared to be the duty of the Department of Conservation and
Development "to map and carry into effect a systematic plan for the nationwide
advertising of North Carolina, properly presenting, by the use of all available media,
the true facts concerning North Carolina and all of its resources."
The Division's budget for the two years was:
1958-59
1959-60
Biennium
Advertising
$375,600
385,000
$760,600
Printing
$43,500
$63,900
$107,400
News, Photo,
Promotion and
Administration
$88,375
$84,589
$172,964
Average staff was 1 1 persons as follows: advertising director, administrative
assistant, travel editor, 2 photographers, 2 secretaries and 4 inquiry and mail clerks.
Major operations included:
ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS
All State advertising was placed through Ayer and Gillett Advertising of Charlotte
under contract for two years renewed as of July 1, 1959. Under the new contract,
the advertising agency was responsible not only for preparation and scheduling dis-play
advertising, but for public relations projects as assigned. These included assist-ance
with industrial missions to Europe and to New York, Chicago and Philadelphia;
travel promotion missions carried on in cooperation with the Carolina Motor Club,
and other projects described under the Special Projects section.
156 industrial advertisements were placed in 23 magazines and 9 newspapers
with circulation of 75,828,765. These were:
MAGAZINES
American Banker
Apparel Manufacturer
America's Textile Reporter
Business Week
Blue Book of Southern Progress
Chemical Week
Electronics
Electronic Industries
Factory
Food Engineering
Food Processing
Fortune
Foundry
Industrial Development
Iron Age
Newsweek
New Yorker
Plant Location
Plant Site Selection Handbook
Science
Steel
Time
U. S. News & World Report
NEWSPAPERS
Chicago Tribune Philadelphia Bulletin
Frankfurter Allegemenie Zietung Philadelphia Inquirer
Journal of Commerce Philadelphia News
New York Herald Tribune Wall Street Journal
New York Times
664 travel and "Living in North Carolina" advertisements were placed in 35
magazines and 71 newspopers with circulation of 329,576,165 as follows:
MAGAZINES
American Motorist
Christian Herald
Detroit Motor News
Field & Stream
The Fisherman
Golf Digest
Golf World
Grade Teacher
Holiday
Household
Journal of Lifetime Living
Keystone Motorist
Look
National Geographic
National Press Photographer
New York Motorist
New York Times Magazine
New Yorker
Akron Beacon Journal
Army, Navy, Air Force Times
Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Augusta Chronicle
Baltimore American
Baltimore Sun
Birmingham News Herald
Bridgeport Post Telegram
Charleston (W. Va.) Gazette
Charleston News Courier
Chicago American
Chicago News
Chicago Sun Times
Chicago Tribune
Christian Science Monitor
Cincinnati Enquirer
Cincinnati Post Times Star
Cleveland News
Cleveland Plain Dealer
Cleveland Press
Columbus (Ohio) Citizen
Columbus Ledger Enquirer
Columbus News Ledger
Detroit Free Press
Detroit News
Detroit Times
Ft. Lauderdale News
Grit
Hartford Courant
Indianapolis Star
Indianapolis Times
Jacksonville Times Union
Louisville Courier Journal
Modison State Journal
Miami Herald
Miami News
Ohio Motorist
Outdoor Life
Parade
Pittsburgh Automobilist
Popular Photography
Readers Digest
Redbook
Salt Water Sportsman
Saturday Evening Post
Scholastic Teacher
Sports Afield
Sports Illustrated
This Week Magazine
Travel USA
True
Wilson's Library Bulletin
Woman's Day
NEWSPAPERS
Milwaukee Journal
Montgomery Advertiser
New Orleans Times Picayune
New York Herald Tribune
New York Journal American
New York Mirror
New York News
New York Times
New York World Telegram
Newark News
Newark Star Ledger
Newark Times
Newport News Time Herald
Orlando Sentinel Star
Philadelphia Bulletin
Philadelphia Inquirer
Philadelphia News
Pittsburgh Post Gazette
Pittsburgh Press
Pittsburgh Sun Telegraph
Retired Officer
Retirement Life
Richmond News Leader
Richmond Times Dispatch
Roanoke Times
Savannah News Press
South Bend Tribune
St. Louis Post Dispatch
St. Petersburg Times
Toledo Blade
Washington News
Washington Post Times Herald
Washington Star
Wilmington News Journal
Youngstown Vindicator
The following radio stations carried 210 paid announcements:
WSB, Atlanta
WLW, Cincinnati
WLAC, Nashville
WTAR, Norfolk
WRVA, Richmond
WSLS, Roanoke
WTOP, Washington
The grand total was 820 advertisements in 138 publications with circulation of
405,404,930. Cost for space and production was $744,284.93. There were 210
radio broadcasts over 7 stations costing $5,363.00.
Copies of all advertisements are preserved in the permanent files of the division.
In addition to paid advertising, the State also received considerable space at no
cost through "house" advertisements of McGraw Hill Publishing Co. in ADVERTIS-ING
AGE, BUSINESS WEEK and other publications.
PUBLICATIONS
Demand for publications about North Carolina continued to increase with new
emphasis of specific information. This resulted in relative increase in distribution of
publications such as "Living in North Carolina", "Fishing and Hunting", "Facts
About North Carolina", "Historic North Carolina", and the "Travelbook", which
lists occommodations, as compared with the old standby "Variety Vacationland",
which for years was our principal mailing piece.
The more discerning public also is requiring its information fresh, and it is now
necessary to revise most of our publications at least annually. In years past an
edition lasted two or more years, but now fresh editions may be required as frequent-ly
as quarterly, as in the case of the Travel News Bulletin. Since we do not have the
resources to revise all publications completely with the frequency required, we have
to resort to extensive face-liftings. This is particularly true of the "Variety Vacation-land"
book, in which process color engravings are very expensive and we must make
multiple use of them to come within our printing budget.
In all, the Advertising Division produced 267 seporote booklets, bulletins and
pamphlets (both printed and multilithed) during the biennium. Total number of
copies produced was 2,004,273. Distribution, which includes some publications
produced by others, totaled 2,663,611. Average monthly inventory was 759,000
pieces of literature. A list of printed titles with number produced and cost follows:
No. Copies Title Cost
260,374 Variety Vacationland $39,780.87
305,100 Tar Heel State 4,552.13
63,400 Historic North Carolina 4,079.25
60,000 North Carolina Travelbook 9,000.00
30,000 Fishing and Hunting 8,284.82
100,000 Governor's Mansion 1,810.55
50,000 Capitol 996.61
25,000 Living in North Carolina 1,860.00
30,000 4-color travel folder 1,289.56
5,000 Industrial Development reprints 7,670.50
10,200 How's Business, Governor Hodges 5,471.09
329,100 4-color envelopes 2,761.15
4,000 4-color posters 1,311.50
209,400 Variety Vacationland Travel News 3,520.85
20,000 Travel Survey 978.16
7,550 Southern Governors' Conference 2,705.01
25,000 Fishing and Hunting envelopes 493.92
12,500 Time Magazine reprints 116.34
199,500 Facts About North Carolino 1,425.82
5,000 State and Local Taxes 248.40
200,000 Reply cards 574.20
10,000 Outer Banks 560.00
25,000 Great Smoky Mountains National Park 181.05
1,271 European Mission 561.50
5,000 Golf Digest reprints 500.00
13,990 Postcards of Capitol and Mansion 181.88
Miscellaneous bulletins 1,220.97
Total $102,136.13
INQUIRY SERVICE
Ail 50 states and 60 foreign countries were heard from in the total of 348,182
inquiries during this biennium, an increase of 28,961 over the previous biennium.
153,715 of these inquiries were traceable directly to paid advertising, the remaining
8
194,467 did not carry key numbers, and could have been the result of advertising
or the public relations program other than paid advertising carried out by the
Advertising Division through its News, Photo and Special Projects sections.
Origin of inquiries is shown in the following table:
State No. Inquiries
Alabama 2,964
Alaska 105
Arizona 762
Arkansas 1 ,204
California 1 1,831
Colorado 1 ,51 5
Connecticut 5,445
Delaware 1,537
District of Columbia 4,121
Florida 13,852
Georgia 5,648
Hawaii 1 53
Idaho 708
Illinois 17,298
Indiana 8,013
Iowa 3,51 7
Kansas 2,254
Kentucky 3,403
Louisiana 2,950
Maine 1 ,247
Maryland 7,1 16
Massachusetts 6,855
Michigan 14,917
Minnesota 3,892
Mississippi 1 ,362
Missouri 4,122
Montana 531
Nebraska 1,478
Nevada 1 52
New Hampshire 912
New Jersey 16,519
New Mexico 590
New York 36,719
North Carolina 64,960
North Dakota 469
Ohio 22,856
Oklahoma 1,839
Oregon 1,956
Pennsylvania 22,913
Rhode Island 1,110
South Carolina 3,872
South Dakota 604
Tennessee 3,81
2
Texas 7,210
Utah 774
Vermont 649
Virginia 9,928
Washington 2,991
West Virginia 2,785
Wisconsin 5,771
Wyoming 246
Canada 5,51
5
Other foreign and overseas territories ....4,230
348,182
WHERE THE INQUIRIES ORIGINATE
This map, showing origin of inquiries serviced by the Advertising Division during the calendar
year 1959, is reproduced through the courtesty of Carolina Motor Club, which prepared if as
o public service for inclusion in the 1959 Travel Survey sponsored by the Travel Council of
North Carolina.
PHOTOGRAPHY
Under a contract instituted in March 1959 with Modern Talking Pictures of New
York, the first nation-wide distribution of the "Variety Vacationland" movie pro-
duced by Hugh Morton in 1958 was accomplished. Combined with the distribution
through the film library of the University of North Carolina, which had been our
major outlet dating from 1952, this national service resulted in a sensational
increase in our motion picture distribution.
At the ending of the biennium, the following films were in circulation: 115
Variety Vocotionland, 14 Tar Heel State, 3 Unusual Hunting. Total 132. They were
shown to 4,202 audiences (live and television) in 48 states. Of these, 4,217 showings
were to live audiences and 135 television shows.
Distribution of still pictures was 10,946 as follows: black and white prints 10,390,
color transparencies 416, negatives 140.
In addition to pictures produced for publication by newspapers and magazines and
other publications throughout the world, the photographic section produced art for
our own publications. This required frequent field trips on assignments covering
every section of the State. The photographic library of more than 50,000 negatives
must be up-dated constantly.
NEWS AND FEATURES
In many respects, the Travel News section is the backbone of the entire operation
of publicizing North Carolina. Without its production, which includes booklets and
pamphlets as well as press releases and bulletins, accurate and current information
for the paid advertising program would be lacking.
During the biennium 273 news and feature stories were produced for world-wide
distribution. The news staff worked with editors on assignment from national news-papers
and magazines. A few of the publications in which North Carolina material
originated with the North Carolina News Bureau appeared were TIME, LIFE, RED-BOOK,
READER'S DIGEST, GOLF DIGEST, HOLIDAY, SATURDAY EVENING POST,
NEWSWEEK, TRAVEL, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, BUSINESS WEEK, NEW
YORK TIMES, CHICAGO TRIBUNE, WASHINGTON POST, OUTDOOR LIFE, SPORTS
AFIELD, FIELD & STREAM, WASHINGTON NEWS, MILWAUKEE JOURNAL,
McCALL'S, GLAMOUR, MADEMOISELLE and many trade publications and house
organs. Editorial assistance was given NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, READER'S DIGEST,
SATURDAY EVENING POST and SPORTS AFIELD on stories to appear in the next
biennium.
The Travel News section produced 1 54 radio broadcasts and 6 television shows.
BULLETIN SERVICE
In addition to printed promotional publications and news releases, the Division
issued 90 multilithed bulletins on subjects ranging from golf facilities to importation
of flowers, shrubs and trees. These are strictly informational bulletins and are
revised frequently. The largest of these projects is the "North Carolina Travel News",
a four-page news type publication that is issued seasonally and has a world-wide
circulation. 21 1,420 copies of this were distributed during the biennium.
SPECIAL PROJECTS
Special projects are myriad. They range from supplying a North Carolina flag to
an Army outpost in Korea to provide information service for the Southern Governors'
Conference and the Southeastern Conference of the Council of State Governments
which held meetings in the State. Servicing North Carolina delegations to out-of-state
conventions with literature and display materials is another important function.
Organizations so serviced during the biennium included Lions international, Kiwanis
International, Junior Chamber of Commerce and many others. Advance mailings
were undertaken for a number of national conventions holding their meetings in the
State.
These Special Projects totaled 505. 174,898 pieces of literature were required to
service them.
The Tar Heel lapel pins and Tar Heel neckties were designed by the Advertising
Division with the cooperation of the N. C. State College School of Textiles for the
industrial missions, and public relations services were provided on these missions.
Two tours of travel editors and counselors, one of the mountains and the other to
10
[he coast, where conducted in cooperation with the Carolina Motor Club. One of
these was the "Land-Sea Cruise" to the Outer Banks and Northern and Central
jCoastal Plains, April 26-May 2, 1959.
The Division's staff assisted with arrangements for meetings of Honorary Tar
Heels at Lake Logan and Cape Hatteras, and cooperated with the Hatteras Marlin
Club in staging the first international blue marlin tournament at Hatteras. A special
project was worked out with the Denison-Johnson Corp., manufacturer of fishing
reels, for publication of a display ad featuring North Carolina and production of a
fresh water fishing movie in which North Carolina will share top billing with two
other states—Wyoming and Minnesota. Color photographs and lay-out materials
for the State Highway map were also supplied by the Advertising Division.
SERVICE TO INDUSTRIES
Increasingly, North Carolina industries are requesting services of the State Adver-tising
Division. Western Electric at Winston-Salem and Olin Mathieson at Pisgah
Forest used our literature extensively during this biennium in their professional re-cruitment
program. Chemstrand used our publications for orientation of employees
moved to the Research Triangle from Alabama. Westinghouse, General Electric,
DuPont, American Enka, Lithium Corporation of America and others are heavy users
of Advertising literature and display materials in providing vacation information
to their employees. This type of distribution is relatively new, but it is effective and
justifies increased printing production that it entails.
COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE
Another new type of distribution of our printed matter was begun during the
biennium, and it is working out very well as a cooperative project with the State
Highway Commission. The Highway Commission built special racks on all its ferries
and keeps them stocked with vacation information supplied by the Advertising Divi-sion.
The highway map, on which the Advertising Division cooperated with the
Highway Commission by supplying illustrations and artwork, is also a popular item
in this distribution.
The Advertising Division worked with the U. S. Information Agency and the
National Association of Travel Organizations in producing North Carolina folders
especially designed for foreign distribution during "Visit USA Year". Ths is a long
range project, but the potential for foreign travel to North Carolina appears so good
that we feel this program should be continued.
"LIVING IN NORTH CAROLINA"
The cooperative arrangement with the North Carolina Association of Realtors
was continued with increasing momentum during the biennium. 16,183 inquiries
resulting from advertisements about retirement living in North Carolina were serv-iced
with general literature about the State, including an especially prepared brochure
entitled "Living in North Carolina", and the inquiries were then referred to the
real estate association, which circulated them to realtors throughout the state through
a special bulletin. An increasing number of specific property sales directly traceable
to this campaign were reported. All travel advertising and some industrial advertising
generated "living" inquiries. In addition, some specific retirement copy was run in
publications including NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, WALL STREET JOURNAL, CHRIS-TIAN
SCIENCE MONITOR and ARMY, NAVY AND AIR FORCE TIMES.
SOURCE MATERIAL
The Advertising Division is a major source for current reference materials about
the State, both by encyclopedias and yearbooks and by writers for newspapers and
magazines. Among the reference books to which the Division supplied text and
illustrations were the INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK, ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITAN-NICA,
WORLD ALMANAC, COMPTON'S YEARBOOK, INFORMATION PLEASE,
BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE, STATESMAN'S YEARBOOK (London), BLUE BOOK OF
SOUTHERN PROGRESS and Fifth District Federal Reserve Bank BULLETIN.
11
TRAVEL COUNCIL
The Travel Council of North Caroline, organized by a special committee from the
travel industry appointed by Governor Hodges in 1955, cooperated closely with the
Advertising Division and rendered invaluable assistance by assuming the responsibility
for projects beneficial to the promotion and development of the multi-million dollar
travel industry. These include the economic survey of the travel industry directed
by an out-of-state authority which for the first time developed authentic statistics
on the travel-serving industry in North Carolina and revealed its dollar volume for
1959 at $775 million dollars to make it the third largest industry in the state. Other
major Travel Council projects conducted in cooperation with the Advertising Division
were: The "Travel Bulletin" issued periodically with o circulation of approximately
3,500 to G mailing list including the press and all segments of the travel industry
in the State; "Keep North Carolina Beautiful" (the anti-litterbug campaign), the
"Host Schools" for training travel-serving personnel, and "See North Carolina
Month" observance. The Council, being a non-stock, non-profit corporation operating
on a very low overhead, depended heavily on the Advertising Division for staff work.
The arrangement was both cordial and increasingly beneficial to the travel industry.
12
COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
In prospective new jobs, capital expenditures committed, and indicated new pay-rolls,
the biennium of 1958-60 was the greatest on record in North Carolina, accord-ing
to figures compiled by this Division.
New plants and expansions during the two-year period indicated that a totol of
64,567 workers would be required for their operation. The payrolls for these jobs
were estimated at a total of almost $210,000,000 annually.
Capital expenditures committed for the new and expanded plants amounted to
some $503,876,000, exceeding the next highest biennium by well over one hundred
million dollars, the previous high being $381,880,000 in 1956-58.
The biennium also set a record in the number of projects, new and expansions.
The total for 1958-60 was 1,057 as compared with 668 for 1956-58.
Summarized below are total proposed new and plant expansion figures for the
bienniums 1958-1960 and 1956-1958.
BIENNIAL SUMMARIES
1958-1960; 1956-1958
New Investments Payroll Employees
1958-'60 423 $252,532,000 $124,391,000 38,448
1956-'58 337
Expansions
206,932,000 72,063,000 22,843
1958-'60 634 $251,344,000 $ 85,442,000 26,1 19
1956-'58 331
New and Expans
174,948,000
ons
40,931,000 13,303
1958-'60 1,057 $503,876,000 $209,833,000 64,567
1956-'58 668 381,880,000 112,994,000 36,146
Utilities expanded during 1958 and 1959 by expenditures of approximately
$250,000,000. These completed utility projects and their costs ore not included in
the above manufacturing totals for the biennium.
All tabulations in this report are based on the U. S. Department of Commerce
S. I. C. codes.
Outstanding gains over the 1956-58 totals were made.
Percentage Gains 1958-'60 over 1956-'58
No. projects (New and Expanded) 58.23%
Investments (New and Expanded) 31.95%
Payrolls (New and Expanded) 85.70%
Employees (New and Expanded) 78.62%
The following table presents biennium data on the ten leading industrial classi-fications
(not including Miscellaneous reporting:
13
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14
From the attached tabulation of new and expanded figures for the two fiscal years,
1959-60; 1958-'59 and the biennium, it will be seen that textiles occupy first
place in all classifications listed, except for new investments, which fell to chemi-cals.
The "NA's" in the tabulations indicate projects too small in number to list
for fear of revealing individual company figures.
Some of the new names added to the North Carolina list of manufacturers during
the biennium are as follows: E. Ingraham; Fletcher-Southern, Inc.; Crown Alumi-num;
Gilson Brothers; AMP, Inc.; Duff-Norton Company; Proctor & Schwartz; Tenney
Engineering, Inc.; Republic Foil, Inc.; and C. M. Hall Lamp Company—all in the
metalworking field.
Others in various classifications include: Ball Brothers and Laurens Glass Works;
Gerber Products Company; Reasor Chemical Corp.; Amcel Propulsion, Inc.; Chem-strand;
Samuel Hird & Sons; Glenoit Mills, Inc.; B.V.D. Company; Gibbs Underwear;
Filatex Company; and proposed plants by Ideal Cement Company; and Dixon-South-ern
Chemicals, Inc. _
ADMINISTRATION
During the period for which this report is written the previous trend of rapid
turn-over in the administrative head of the Division continued. Three Industrial
Development Administrators have served during the two years.
William R. Henderson, the current occupant of the position, assumed office on
September 15, 1959. Others serving in the same capacity were Walter W. Harper,
who resigned to become Director of the South Carolina Development Board on July
31, 1959. H. P. Cotton succeeded Mr. Harper but served only until September 15
when he became Assistant to the President of the Norfolk and Western Railroad
in charge of its industrial development program. Both Mr. Harper and Mr. Cotton
began their careers in the field in which they are now engaged with the Division
of Commerce and Industry.
In addition to the rapid turn-over in the administrative staff, there has also
been during the biennium a considerable number of changes within the staff. G. F.
Albright, formerly head of the Small Industries Section, currently the Community
Development Section, went to South Carolina to take over the similar work under
the direction of Mr. Harper.
Reorganization of Division—In order to attempt to increase the efficiency of the
operations of the Division, a plan for more definite organization was carried out
soon after the assumption of the office of the Industrial Development Administrator
by Mr. Henderson. This also involved the enlargement of the scope of the operations
of certain of the functions of the Division.
The sections created within the Division were General Development, Community
Development and Research and Statistics. One of the most important functions given
more emphasis by the reorganization of the Division was service to existing industry
and also more specific cooperation and assistance to the communities in their indus-trial
programs. These activities are covered more fully in the sections of this report
devoted to the various sections. Also, additional facilities were made available to
the Research and Statistics Section, including enlargement of the site study program
and the general facilities for research and development.
During the latter part of 1959 and early in 1960, a ten point program to
strengthen and expand the activities of the Division was proposed by the Industrial
Development Administrator and approved by the Board.
These features included the continuation of the group industry hunting trips to
the major industrial centers of New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia; regional devel-opment
seminors; a staff training school; the construction of two display panels for
use within and outside the State; and several others.
One of the pleasing developments of the biennium has been the increase in the
number of full time industrial development representatives in the communities.
At the beginning of this report period, 14 communities were organized with full
time representatives employed for the special purpose of attracting industry. During
the two years, five began these programs and four others were organized but had
not filled the positions, making a total of 23.
The Division extends its full cooperation toward the creation of these local agencies
and works closely with the various organizations after they are in operation. Effi-cient
local programs add materially to the effectiveness of the State's development
15
activities and a strong State program helps the local activities, since each supple-ments
the other.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
Industry Hunting Trips—Two industry hunting trips were carried out during the
biennium. These were to New York and Philadelphia. Preparations were underway
for another—to Chicago—at the end of this report period. The latter mission was
planned for the month of September but was postponed until the first week in
October.
With the completion of the Chicago mission, five trips of this nature will have
been carried out by the Division, two each to New York and Chicago and one to
Philadelphia.
Each of these missions has been led by Governor Hodges. Arrangements were
carried out in the Dept. of Conservation and Development. Representatives of the
Department were joined by other representatives of the State, communities, and
private business ranging in number from about 50 to 115. Expenses of the trips
were paid by the various organizations represented. Every member of the various
teams, however, represented the State at large.
As a result of these trips, the attractions of North Carolina were brought to the
personal attention of top executives of hundreds of the highest ranking manufacturing
firms in the country, including many with which the Division had previously been
working on side studies. Numerous new prospects for new industries hove been devel-oped.
These contacts are expected to bear fruit over a period of years.
European Trade and Industry Mission—Sixty-eight North Carolinians, headed by
Governor Hodges, crossed the Atlantic during the period October 3 1 -November 15,
1959, in the interest of trade and industrial development.
This mission was said by U. S. Government agencies to have been the first state-sponsored
undertaking of its character and scope. The Tarheels carried the "North
Carolina Story" directly to some 1,600 business leaders in ten cities in England, The
Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, France and Belgium.
A total of 276 of these Europeans indicated a defnite interest. Of these, 79
showed an interest in the State's ports; 1 2 in the Research Triangle; 26 in manufactur-ing;
41 in sales or similar arrangements; 7 in the production of various items under
licensing agreements; and 83 general with no particular fields specified.
European Follow-up Mission—A follow-up mission to Europe, making possible more
specific conferences with companies expressing an interest in the State during the
original trip was carried out on March 13-April 29, 1960.
This mission was directed by J. Edgar Kirk, Assistant Director of the Department,
with Voit Gilmore, a member of the Board, J. Henry Dowdy, Robert D. Higgins, Jr.,
and J. M, Wasson, participating as volunteers. Others who made the trip later and
who contributed by development calls on behalf of the State included the Hon. E. J.
Evans, Mayor of Durham, Watts Hill, Jr., and Dr. John F. Lee.
Although normally immediate results would not be expected, it is pleasing to report
that some were evident within a few months. For instance, one of the German
firms called on, Pleuger Submersible Pump Co., had a North Carolina plant under
construction around the close of the biennium. It is expected to be in operation
before the end of 1960.
Two of the chemical firms visited have optioned sites in North Carolina, one
for manufacturing purposes. A machinery company currently doing business in
the State is acquiring property for expansion. Other European manufacturers have
definitely scheduled trips of inspection to the State for the purpose of considering
the establishment of various types of operations.
A word of appreciation should be extended to the U. S. Departments of State
and Commerce which cooperated wholeheartedly with the missions. The North
Carolinians who contributed so importantly to the project by contributing their
time and efforts and defraying their own expenses deserve an expression of
gratitude.
RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
During the 1958-60 Biennium significant advances were made in many areas of
the State in the collection and more effective presentation of industrial development
16
information. There still remain, however, communities and sections of North
Carolina where little or nothing has been accomplished in the first, and one of the
most important segments of the development program.
The Research and Statistics Section of the Division, has been shorthanded in
trying to promote a fuller and more active role by local development agencies-particularly
in the field of local survey preparation. Greater and more effective
work will now be possible under the joint attack on this problem by this Section
and the Community Development Section.
In time the efforts of the Division and of local development groups - cooperating
on a planned program to assemble necessary data in all ports of North Carolina-should
equip every community to compete for new and expanding industries. Major
emphasis during the next several years will be given to this program.
With the rapid growth in recent years of diversified manufacturing in North
Carolina, and the general technological advancements which have opened up new
and spectacular fields of industrial endeavor, it is believed that the time has
come for a reappraisal by our State of its opportunities and potentials in the
decade on which we have now embarked.
The Research and Statistics, because necessity has required it, devotes a major
part of its efforts to the preparation of current data for industrial prospects being
handled by the Field force and of other agencies likewise engaged. This work
should not be curtailed, and many have to be enlarged as conditions require.
However, the Section feels strongly that a general study, under its sponsorship
and direction, should be made by some qualified engineering firm to point up
these new and more significant opportunities and potentials, which in turn can be
valuable guideposts in the over-all industrial program.
In the above connection, the component and parts survey mode in 1958 by N. C.
State College under the Section's sponsorship, covering the electrical machinery
and equipment industry in North Carolina, is an excellent example of individual
studies which may be developed from a brood general survey.
It is felt that similar surveys should be made in the Chemicals, Foodstuffs, General
Metolworking and other standard classifications. A general study, however, should
reveal facts to indicate in what order these separate studies should be made, the
amount of time and effort required, and show some details on the best approach
and survey procedures needed.
The Section has underway at this time plans to revise completely the standard
"Industrial Location Factors" brochure. The present brochure, rewritten several
times with no major changes being mode in its contents and format, was initially
issued in 1957.
Industrial site studies prepared by the Section hove been greatly improved
especially in appearance and data presented. Although emphasis has continued
on the larger surface water sites, the Section has expanded its work in this field
to include local industrial park areas and larger potential acreages in and near
communities not immediately adjacent to major streams or rivers.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
As of January 1960, the Community Development Section came into being.
Previously, its personnel hod been members of what hod been the Small Industries
Section.
With its new name, come new fields of work. In addition to assisting the com-munities
in the development of new local industries, the Section has two new and
important functions. These are, (1) Working with communities in a program of
Community preparation for industrial development, and (2) working with existing
industries in an effort to prove to them that the State is as concerned with their
continued success as with those new industries moving into the State. This is a
service job, asissting industry in new markets, new products, raw material supply,
component supply, expansion, and in other services, particularly those related to
State functions.
The work of the Section in new industry development goes on. During the past
biennium, many community groups and individuals hove been assisted in their
efforts to establish new local manufacturing or proposed plants. Several of these
proposed plants are now in operation and others will follow. Among the new
firms now in business, either as a result of direct or indirect assistance by staff
members, are firms providing the following: quartz aggregate or precast building
17
slab, peanut blanching, metal stampings for furniture and electronics, corn
starch, hydraulic scaffolds, frozen food, processed poultry, processed seafood, fruit
juices, pumps, bonk supplies, and several other products and services.
During the biennium just passed, 216 new locally developed industries were
established in North Carolina. Many are in production and the remainder ore either
under construction, or in the planning stage. These new industries represent an
initial investment of $26,366,100 and employment for 7,825 people. These new
plants ore located in all sections of the State, and manufacture a wide variety of
products.
Other than working directly with the establishment of new local industry, personnel
of the Section has been assigned to work that is pertinent to over-all development
program of the State.
One staff member was chosen to assist in coordinating the Trade and Industry
Mission to Europe in 1959. In this connection he made two trips to Europe - once
in preparation and again with the full group. In addition, he was instrumental
in the decision of the Pleuger Submersible Pump Company of Hamburg, West
Germany, to locate a plant in Statesville.
Four Industrial Development Conferences, held in four locations across the
State were planned and carried out by the Section. These were in Goldsboro,
Raleigh, Salisbury, and Asheville. These were considered as highly successful and
were attended by approximately one thousand persons interested in industrial
development.
While carrying out their regular duties, it often became necessary for members
of the staff to be assigned work with out-of-state industrial prospects. Plants
locating in North Carolina over the biennium with which staff members worked,
represent an initial investment of $13,175,000 and employment for 512 people.
As far as the newly assigned work of the Community Development Section is
concerned, it is progressing nicely. One staff member has been assigned to the job
of service calls on existing industry. During the two months of the biennium that
he has held the assignment he has called more than 67 firms. The results
achieved so far bear out the importance of this service.
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
Despite numerous handicaps such as hurricanes, long periods of other types of
unfavorable weather and other factors, North Carolina's commercial fishing industry
ended the 1958-60 biennium on a brighter financial side than it did for the
preceding biennium.
In dollar value the fishermen for the shellfish, food fin fish, and menhaden they
took, from North Carolina controlled waters, the total for the 1958-60 period was
$15,451,894 compared with $15,046,380 for the preceding biennium.
Sharp increases in all species of shellfish except shrimp were made during the
1958-60 biennium to help boost the dollar value to fishermen. A sharp increase
was also noted in the catches of menhaden, a species of fish caught by the millions
in North Carolina waters and used for industrial purposes.
Catches of food fin fish during the 1958-60 biennium were almost on a par
with those for the 1956-58 biennium, but in dollar value to fishermen was con-siderably
under the amounts received during the 1956-58 period. The dollar value
of food fin fish during the 1958-60 biennium was $3,641,488 compared with
$4,166,555 for the preceding biennium.
The sharp increase in oyster production during the two-year period was most
encouraging to those who are working to help make this facet of the State's
seafood industry to reach even greater potentials.
Almost 100,000 more tubs of oysters were taken from North Carolina waters
during the past biennium than were taken during the 1956-58 biennium.
This increase in oyster production is attributed in large measure to increased
emphasis being placed on efforts being made to rehabilitate the State's oyster
industry under the Oyster Rehabilitation Act passed by the 1947 General Assembly
and under which seed oysters and used oyster shells are planted annually in areas
known to be most favorable for growth of this species of seafood.
Liberal appropriations mode by the General Assembly have been of increasing
benefit in this oyster rehabilitation program. Services rendered by the Institute
of Fisheries Research under the direction of Dr. A. F. Chestnut are of mounting
benefit and importance to the entire seafood industry of the State. More efficient
methods of growing and harvesting of oysters are being employed by the industry.
Dealers, oystermen, and others interested in and working for the further
development of the commercial fishing industry of the State in general are of the
opinion that this rehabilitation program augurs well for the future of oyster pro-duction.
Also, and largely as a result of, the fact that North Carolina now ranks
third among states on the Atlantic Seaboard in oyster production is attributed to
the rehabilitation program.
Also of mounting importance to the State's seafood industry is the steady rise
in production of hard crabs. This is a fast growing business in North Carolina.
Several plants along the coast are now engaged in orocessing fancy grades of
crabmeot which is shipped outside the state for the most part and which brings
good prices. It is also on industry that is providing on increasing number of jobs
to men and women in the State's coastal area.
Some indication of the growth of the hard crab industry is seen in the fact
that during the 1958-60 biennium a total of 22,871,315 pounds of hard crabs
were taken from State-controlled waters compared with 14,226,000 pounds the
preceding biennium.
Production of clams is also on the increase. During the past biennium 79,069
bushels of clams were taken from State waters against 54,429 bushels during the
preceding biennium. As a result of research programs carried on by the U. S.
Bureau of fisheries, a big bed of Boy Quahog clams was found during the past
biennium off the coast. Its discovery caused renewed interest to be shown in the
clam industry. Efforts are being made to discover other clam beds.
Growth is also being shown by the escallops industry. There was on increase of
3,650 gallons of escallops during the biennium over the preceding one. A bed
of. calico escallops was found off the State's coast for the first time, thus accounting
in large port for the increase in production of this species of seafood.
However, ocean escallops can only be taken in very cold weather and each
boat has to be limited to its catch. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has an
improved method of taking the meats from escallops and the dealers ore looking
19
for new markets for this delicious seafood. The bay or inside escallop production
became almost extinct a few years ago because the grass on which the spat clings
was for some mysterious reason completely destroyed in inside waters. However,
production of the bay escallop has been showing some improvement as the eel
grass becomes more abundant.
Least active during the biennium was the soft shell crab industry. It is an
industry limited in scope because the dealers are in operation only about five
weeks before the competitive markets of Virginia and Maryland open. However,
there was an increase of 11,000 dozen soft crabs during the biennium over the
preceding one.
The production of menhaden showed a great increase despite curtailment of
operations in the Fall of 1959. This industry is likely to be somewhat inactive
unless some relief is given from the competition of fish meal import from foreign
countries.
Stormy and cold weather are believed to have been largely responsible for the drop
in shrimp production.
More than ? ? ? are licensed to carry on commercial fishing activities in State-controlled
waters. This is an increase of over the preceding biennium.
It is a matter of noteworthy importance to all who eat and enjoy North Carolina
seafood to know that the U. S. Public Health Service has been giving its high
rating of more than 95 per cent in its annual evaluation of the over-all shellfish
sanitation program carried on in North Carolina. One year North Carolina was
given the highest rating of any of the Atlantic Coast States in the shellfish sani-tation
rating of its oyster houses.
Due credit for this highly favorable condition should be given the North Carolina
State Board of Health and its sanitation engineers, who work out of headquarters
of the Division of Commercial Fisheries at Morehead City. These men have been
very helpful in the shellfish industry by furnishing blueprints to fit their particular
needs, interpreting of shellfish regulations, and periodic checking of fish houses.
Constant efforts are being made to enforce the commercial fishing rules and
regulations without fear or favor.
20
KIND, QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH TAKEN IN
WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA
For the period July 1, 1958 to June 30, 1960
Kinds of Fish No. Pounds Value to Fishermen
Bluefish 1,281,797 $ 152,384
Butterfish 791,553 61,731
Cabio 23,039 1,383
Carp 661,890 19,857
Catfish 2,271,742 220,140
Croakers 6,297,858 465,827
Block Drum 41,394 2,483
Red Drum 11,782 1,078
Eels 169,791 6,784
Flounders 2,520,964 305,952
Grouper 14,641 1,046
Herring, Thread 4,371,000 50,704
Herring 26,968,648 269,686
Hickory Shad 281,576 16,895
Jewfish 600 44
King Mackerel 94,390 • 17,521
King Whiting 1,377,156 128,259
Mackerel, Boston 3,100 620
Mullet 5,031,639 365,181
Pigfish 152,498 7,302
Pike or Pickerel Ill 13
Pompano 19,108 • 5,732
Sand Perch 119,372 • 3,582
Soup or Porgy 100,208 8,013
Sea Bass 86,813 8,681
Grey Trout 5,992,626 371,449
Spotted Trout 601,334 150,333
Shad 506,643 231,529
Sharks 15,062 753
Sheephead 10,657 834
Red Snapper 20,557 5,615
Spade Fish 6,664 478
Spanish Mackerel 332,240 49,836
Spot 4,611,334 287,832
Striped Bass 1,893,156 - 341,354
Sturgeon 40,964 6,145
Suckers 700 28
Swellfish 505,218 15,157
Tilefish 300 28
White Perch 797,464 , 55,172
Yellow Perch 58,434 4,047
Total of Food Fin Fish 68,086,023 $ 3,641,488
Menhaden (No. of Fish) 734,946,129 6,971,074
10,612,562
Oysters 430,007
Clams 79,069
Soft Shell Crabs 30,626
Escallops 32,650
Hard Crabs 22,871,315
Shrimp 4,292,804
Value of Fin Fish
(Bu. tubs; 5 pk.
(bushels)
(dozen)
(gallons)
(pounds)
(Pounds, heads off)
Total Value of Shellfish
Total Value of Water Products
1,290,021
213,486
45,939
1 14,275
1,029,209
2,146,402
$ 4,839,332
10,612,562
15,451,894
21
COMMUNITY PLANNING
The primary function of the Division of Community Planning is to provide towns,
cities and counties with the technical assistance needed for the solution of their
physical, social and economic problems through planning. Assistance is given in the
development of plans for land use, streets, parking, central business districts, parks,
recreation, schools and other community facilities; in drafting zoning and ordinances,
subdivision regulations and other legal tools needed for the implementation of plans;
in studies of population, fiscal conditions and economy; and, in the provision of
continuing technical assistance needed by municipal and county officials as they
attempt to carry out the recommendations of comprehensive community plans.
THE NEED FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING
The need for sound community planning is evident in our growing traffic
congestion, the deterioration of residential areas by improperly located commercial
or industrial activities, the cancerous growth of slum and blighted conditions, the
decline of the central business districts, the rapidly increasing cost of municipal
services, and the inadequate provision of land for porks, schools and other public
uses. The great majority of North Carolina communities, like most American com-munities,
have grown without the benefit of adequate plans to guide development.
Fortunately, North Carolina is still a State of small communities and we con avoid
the tragic and costly mistakes which have been made in the large metropolitan
concentrations in other sections of the country.
Perhaps no other state contains so many small incorporated places or has more
population living in communities of under 50,000 persons. These communities are
one of North Carolina's great assets and they ore becoming increasingly attractive
to people, business and industry now located in overcrowded metropolitan centers.
At the present time, there are 415 incorporated communities in North Carolina.
According to the 1960 Census, 210 of these communities, or approximately one-half,
hod populations in excess of 1,000 persons; 59 communities had populations
in excess of 5,000 persons, and only seven municipalities hod populations in excess
of 50,000 persons. While the typical North Carolina municipality is small, it is
also experiencing a rapid rote of growth. Between 1950 and 1960, almost 90
percent of North Carolina's total population increase took place in the 210 com-munities
having populations of more than 1,000 persons. During the past decade,
the combined populations of these communities increased 29.8 percent while the
population of the remainder of the State increased only 1 .3 percent.
DIVISION'S PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY TO SMALL COMMUNITIES
The seven municipalities in North Carolina having populations of more than
50,000 persons have created planning departments staffed with professional
planning personnel to assist in the increasing problems of urban growth. The
smaller towns and cities do not have the financial resources to employ full time
professional planning staffs although their planning needs ore not less acute than
those of their larger neighbors. Therefore, the Division maintains a trained staff
which provides professional planning services to the smaller towns, cities and
counties at a reasonable cost. Individual staff members of the Division may work
with several communities, thus, reducing the overall planning costs for the individ-ual
community far below that which would be incurred if they employed their own
full time planning staffs.
FEDERAL PLANNING GRANTS TO MUNICIPALITIES AND COUNTIES
HAVING POPULATIONS OF LESS THAN 50,000 PERSONS
The Division of Community Planning has been authorized to act in behalf of
towns, cities and counties in obtaining Federal planning grants covering up to 45
percent of the cost of certain eligible planning projects. These Federal planning
grants are not made directly to the local governments but are made to on authorized
state planning agency. The towns, cities or counties receiving aid from the plan-ning
grants also pay their shore of the planning costs to the stale planning agency.
22
This state planning agency, which in North Carolina is the Division of Community
Planning, is then responsible for the expenditure of the Federal and local funds
and for the provision of adequate planning services to participating local govern-ments.
These Federal planning grants, authorized under Section 701 of the Federal
Act of 1954, as amended, are available to aid in the cost of: (1) making studies
of population, economy, land use and traffic; (2) preparing long-range plans for
future land use, thoroughfares, central business districts, schools, porks, recreation
and other community facilities; (3) preparing related ordinances such a zoning
and subdivision regulations; and (4) preparing public improvements programs es-tablishing
the priority of need for the various public improvements proposed in the
long-range plans.
AREA PLANNING OFFICES
The individual small town or city cannot support the cost of maintaining its own
professional planning staff but by pooling its resources with those of neighboring
communities, a joint planning staff can be financially supported. In order to en-courage
the smeller towns and cities to initiate and support effective planning pro-grams,
the Division of Community Planning will establish Area Planning Offices
staffed with professional planning personnel to provide assistance to any community
or group of communities agreeing to pay for the cost incurred. These Area Planning
staffs would act for the smaller communities in much the some manner as the
planning departments in the larger municipalities. They would be available to
provide continuing planning assistance to the smaller municipalities, not only to
assist in the preparation of plans but also to provide technical assistance needed
by municipal officials for the solution of day-to-day problems affecting the physical
development of the community. The establishment of Area Planning Offices is the
result of an increasing realization among municipal officials that planning should
be a permanent function of local government. This is especially true in periods of
rapid urban change and growth. The completion of a comprehensive plan provides
the framework for decisions about the desirable development of the community,
based upon the best available knowledge of population growth, economic potential,
and land use trends within the community. But the plans have little value unless
a continuing community planning program is maintained to insure that decisions
affecting the physical development of the community are made within the frame-work
of the plans and within the financial capacity of the community. Since many
technical questions are involved, municipal officials need professional planning
assistance available to them on a continuing basis. Such assistance will be available
to those towns, cities, and counties who share in the financial support of the Area
Planning Offices of the Division.
The Division's first Area Office was established in Salisbury in September, 1960,
and is now adequately staffed to provide planning services to municipalities and
counties in that section of the State. Negotations are now underway for the es-tablishment
of a second Area Office in Kinston to serve communities in that area.
As more communities participate in the support of these Area Offices, additional
staff members can be added thus providing a wider range of professional planning
skills.
COMMUNITIES RECEIVING PLANNING ASSISTANCE
The Division's staff has assisted large numbers of communities and counties
throughout the State by analyzing their planning needs, recommending suitable
planning programs and making applications for Federal grant funds. The most
important work of the Division, however, has been in making basic studies of
communities, preparing long-range development plans, and preparing implementing
measures such as zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, public improvements
programs, and related planning work. Municipalities and counties which have
engaged the Division to perform such technical planning work include:
23
1 Canton 13, Henderson 25. Parkton
2 Carteret County 14. Highlands 26. Raeford
3 Cary 15. Hickory 27. Roanoke Rapids
4 Chapel Hill 16. Jacksonville 28. Rockingham
5 Conover 17. Kinston 29. Rocky Mount
6 Clinton 18. Laurinburg 30. Rowan County
7 Elizabeth City 19. Maxton 31. Selma
8 Forest City 20. Mocksville 32. Salisbury
9 Franklin 21. Mooresville 33. Spencer
Goldsboro 21. Mount Airy 34. Wilmington
1 Graham 23. Mount Holly 35. Wilson
2 Havelock 24. New Bern
FUNDS RECEIVED FROM FEDERAL GRANTS AND FROM LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
The Division receives State appropriations to cover part of its administrative costs
but the largest part of its budget is derived from payments made by communities
and counties receiving planning assistance and from Federal grants. Since 1958,
receipts from communities and counties total $154,048, and receipts from Federal
grants total $158,090. Combined receipts from both sources amount to $312,138.
24
DIVISION OF FORESTRY
The Forestry Division, often called the State Forest Service, is designated by
State law to "have charge of the work of forest maintenance, forest fire prevention,
reforestation, and the protection of lands and water supplies by the preservation of
forests, etc." The State low also carries specific authorization "to arrange for
and accept such aid and cooperation from the several United States Government
Bureaus and other sources as may assist in carrying out the objectives of the
Department." This forestry program covers the following broad activities:
1. Forest Fire Control—Administered by the Forestry Division in financial
cooperation with the several counties and the U. S. Forest Service. The outstanding
achievements in Forest Fire Control during the biennium were the effective use
of the Statewide Forest Fire plan which entailed employment of cooperating agencies
on large fires. Of particular note was the excellent assistance provided by the
Marines, Prison Department and industry in supplying manpower and equipment.
The conversion of two surplus Navy planes for chemical or water dropping of
fires will lend invaluable assistance particularly on fires in inaccessible areas.
With the addition of four counties in the cooperative forest fire system this
brings the total to 92, the largest number since the initiation of the program.
Currently 92 of the 100 counties are thus under cooperative fire protection by the
State. The Division conducts the work in the counties through its salaried full-time
County Ranger or County Forester, who reports directly to one of 13 District
Foresters. The Division owns and operates 144 forest fire lookout towers, six
airplanes, its own radio communication net, and a considerable amount of forest
fire fighting equipment, consisting of tractors, fire plows, specially equipped
trucks, etc.
2. Forest Management Advice and Service—The public demand for this in the
field service is attested to be the fact that on June 30,1960, there were over
2,300 landowner requests on hand for forestry assistance. The Division has a cur-rently
authorized strength of 65 graduate Foresters. Some are assigned largely
to the fire control program, some to the forest nurseries - reforestation and some
to forest management service. But all foresters of the Division are available for
the vital work of advice and service, under certain conditions, to forest owners
and operators in the management of forest land. All Forest Rangers of the Division
are likewise available as sources of information on both forest management and
reforestation.
3. Forest Tree Nurseries and Reforestation—The Division operates four State
forest tree nurseries, one in each of the following counties; Johnston, Henderson,
and Burke.
The forest tree distribution for the biennium planting season was 181 million
seedlings. These seedlings are sold at approximately the cost of production for
forest and windbreak planting at varying prices, $5.00 per thousand f.o.b. desti-nation
for the several species of pine.
4. Information and Education—There is available considerable literature on
forestry, most of which is free upon request to the Information Officer of the
Department. This literature is particularly valuable to teachers, pupils, etc.
5. Administration of State Forests—Thus far, the State owns and operates only
one State Forest, the 35,000 acre Bladen Lakes State Forest in Bladen County.
It is administered by the Division and is an excellent example of the management
of low value land under good forestry practices. Since 1939 when the State
obtained control of this sub-marginal agricultural area, the Division of Forestry
has operated the property as a forest unit and increased its book value at least
sevenfold.
6. Forest Tree Insect and Disease Control—Continuous efforts to control the oak
wilt disease in western North Carolina hove been undertaken and other epidemics
of the pine sawfly, elm spanworm, and bolsm wooly aphid are being studied and
action planned. The southern pine beetle epidemic of 1957 in the mountain section
of the State is now considered under control.
FOREST FIRE CONTROL
Material progress has been mode in reducing the fire losses in North Carolina
except for the so-called ground burning area which embraces approximately two
25
million acres in the Coastal Plain. Fires in this particular type are extremely difficult
to extinguish under certain conditions due to the ground cover and inacessibility.
This continues to be the number one forest fire problem in North Carolina.
Four large fires occurred in this ground burning area, two in the April-May
period of 1 959 and two in the same period of 1 960. The largest of these was the
Ponzer-Pungo fire of 1959 burning about 24,700 acres, followed by the Phelps
Lake fire of 1960 which burned about 14,000 acres. The Hales Lake fire of 1959
burned about 11,900 acres in the Dismal Swamp area north of Elizabeth City
and the Piney Woods fire of 1960 burned about 12,500 acres in the area northwest
of Lake Mattamuskeet.
All four of these major fires burned in highly inaccessible areas under explosive
fire weather conditions. Water dropping planes from the Georgia Forestry Com-mission
and the U. S. Forest Service were used on three of them. Marines from
Camp Lejeune on two of them and considerable Prison labor on all of them.
Cooperation from the Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Prison Department and Forest
Products and other landowners was most excellent on these fires.
Progress is being made on basic and equipment development research in this
ground burning area under cooperative arrangements with the U. S. Forest Service
and industry. A large percentage of the area burned in the State is accounted
for by a few large fires in this particular type.
The Fire Control organization placed two water dropping planes in operation in
June of 1960. These planes were converted and equipped from Government surplus
military plones, and represent a major addition to the Division's fire fighting
equipment.
The Federal Government under the provisions of the Clarke-McNary Low continues
its financial cooperation with the State. The amount of Federal funds made
available to the State under this law depends primarily on the State Appropriation
for Forest Fire Control and the State maintaining its relative position with other
States in appropriation for Forest Fire Control. Reductions in Federal allotment to
this State during the past two years have resulted from failure of this State to
maintain its relative position with other States in Fire Control appropriation.
Present OrganizaHon
The State is organized into four Forestry Regions, these being the Lower
Coastal, Upper Coastal, Piedmont and Mountains. All but the Mountain region has
Regional Forester in charge who supervises four District Forest field supervisory
offices in the Lower and Upper Coastal Plain Regions and two in the Piedmont
Region. The three Mountain Districts having no Regional Forester work directly
under the Raleigh Office. Each of the 13 District Forest field supervisory offices
is in charge of a District Forester who supervises the work in the area of from about
1 to 2 million acres of timberland involving from 4 to 1 counties depending on
size. The District Foresters have 1-4 supervisory assistants. There were 91 counties
cooperating with the Forestry Division as of June 30, 1960 and an additional one,
making 92, initiated cooperation as of July 1, 1960.
State Plans
The State Forest Fire Plan for large project fires, involving cooperation with the
Highway and Prison Departments, other State Departments, Marine Corps at
Camp Lejeune, industrial and other forest landowners was used on 6 project fires
with excellent cooperation and results. Additional assistance was secured from the
Georgia Forestry Commission and the U. S. Forest Service in furnishing a water
dropping plane on three of the largest fires through an invocation of the South-eastern
States Forest Fire Compact Commission.
Training Schools in large fire organization and suppression have been held each
year in the Lower Coastal Region in cooperation with forest industry and other
landowners and the Marine Corps. A cooperative fire suppression agreement with
the Marine Corps is a part of the above mentioned State Fire Plan. In addition,
similar training schools in large fire operations have been held in the Upper
Coastal Region and the Piedmont Region in cooperation with the Wildlife Commis-sion
and numerous Rural Fire Departments.
The 1960 annual training school for the Southeastern States Forest Fire Compact
26
Commission, involving 10 Southeastern States, was held at Fayetteville in August
of 1960 with attendance from all but two of the 10 States.
A Rural Fire Defense Plan is currently under preparation in cooperation with
State Civil Defense and the U. S. Forest Service to provide for the coordinated use
of the manpower and equipment resources of Federal land protection agencies
and the State Forestry Division in case of enemy attack or natural disasters. The
State Forester is Chairman of the Rural Fire Defense Committee or\d will operate
under the over-all direction of the Director of State Civil Defense under such
conditions.
County Cooperation
Work has been continued in financial cooperation with the 91 counties under
forest fire control, such work being based on the County as a unit. This form of
cooperation has met widespread support from the various counties. The Department
cooperates with the various counties on the basis of their ability to pay as
indicated by each county's taxable wealth. The counties pay from 25 to 40% of
the total cost of fire protection within the county.
As of June 30, 1960, there were 9 counties representing about 1,169,000 forest
acres in the State still without any organized form of forest fire protection,
although one additional County initiated Cooperation with the Department as of
July 1, 1960.
Private Cooperation
Financial cooperation was continued with private forest owners who agree to
pay an annual amount which is used to supplement other available funds to provide
more intensified fire protection to their lands.
Detection System
The Forestry Division now operates 144 fire lookout towers and Federal land
ownership agencies operates an additional 42 such towers in cooperation with the
Forestry Division for reporting forest fires. The Division also operates 4 State-owned
reconnaissance airplanes which supplement the tower network in periods of
unfavorable visibility and these planes aid the ground crews by giving directions,
fire progress and locations. Another valuable service is the parachuting of food,
drinking water, coffee and small items of supplies to the crews.
Forestry Division Communications
Currently there are 145 fixed stations, 438 mobile and 67 portable two-way
communications radios in operation by the Forestry Division along with a considerable
milage of telephone line. Most of the fixed station radios are in lookout towers
and District Offices and the mobile radios are on pick-up trucks, jeeps, larger
trucks, station wagons and other fire suppression vehicles.
Permanent Improvements
New District Office buildings were constructed at Rocky Mount and Lenoir and
new Towermen's residences were constructed at Edgecombe and Southern Pines'
lookout towers. Tower cabins were constructed at Spruce Pine and Benns Knob
Towers, the latter being on the Cleveland-Burke county line.
The 8 towers purchased in the lost Biennial period were erected and placed in
operation. These eight towers, plus an additional one purchased and erected, and
one moved to a better location and increased in height, materially improved the
tower detection coverage for reporting fires. One additional steel lookout tower
was purchased and will be erected in the next 2-year period. The initiation of
cooperative forestry programs with additional counties will require at least 1
lookout tower per county.
Forest Fire Statistics
The forest fire statistics for the past four years are shown in the statistical
chart. In evaluating these statistics, the following factors must be kept in mind:
27
1
.
Climatic conditions are all important in the actual suppression of forest fires.
2. Funds available represented about one-half the amount needed for adequate
protection.
Conclusion
The initiation of cooperative forestry programs in 4 additional counties during
the Biennium represents steady progress toward the goal of State-wide forest fire
protection. During the Biennium, major forest fires were controlled at considerably
less acreage than in the previous Biennium reflecting the impact of more thorough
organization, training and preparation for such fires. Cooperation from all State
and Federal agencies, landowners and the general public are indicative of the real
progress made in Forest Fire Prevention and Control.
FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR STATE PROTECTED AREAS BY CALENDAR YEARS
1956
Area under Protection—Acre 15,651,852
Number of Fires 3,007
Causes of Fires
1. Campers & Hunters 293
2. Debris Burning 1,011
3. Incendiary 433
4. Lightning 42
5. Lumbering 78
6. Railroads 97
7. Smoker 587
8. Miscellaneous 466
Total 3,007
Area Burned:
Forest Land 82,111
Open Land 4,650
Total 86,761
Damage:
Forest Land $579,250
Other 30,737
Total $609,987
Law Enforcement:
No. Fires Resulting in Law
Enforcement Action 658
Finances—Fiscal Years 1956-57
Appropriation by Counties $ 271,861
Appropriation by Private Owners .... 33,734
Appropriation by State 679,770
Rentals from Employees 6,003
Appropriation, Federal Government 349,955
Presuppression Fire Lines 3,971
Bladen Lakes State Forest
Total $1,345,294
Available Funds:
Per Acre Protected 8.6 cents
1957 1958 1959
16,810,200
2,273
16,810,200
2,467
17,209,600
3,047
178
674
424
50
59
67
484
337
440
785
324
20
37
87
473
301
208
1,185
396
43
59
70
618
468
2,273 2,467 3,047
148,810
1,773
46,921
5,822
52,743
78,837
6,367
150,583 85,204
$931,438
14,500
$287,427
26,454
$577,232
46,838
$945,938 $313,881 $ 624,070
326
1957-58 1958-59 1959-60
$ 314,472 $ 333,927 $ 341,698
33,332 33,145 31,998
780,863 825,114 987,916
6,402 6,400 8,548
323,943 310,500 311,600
3,095 4,700 4,700
8,844 8,844 8,844
$1,471,221 $ ,522,630 $1,695,304
8.75 cents 9.06 cents 9.85 cents
FOREST MANAGEMENT
North Carolina is one of the Nation's leading timber-producing states and for
over 300 years the forests of the State have been a major source of income and
employment for its citizens. Wood using industries are established in every county in
the State and provide steady employment for the citizens of the Coastal Plain
and Mountain Counties as well as those in the Industrial Piedmont. Investments in
timber using plants are second only to the textile industry in the State's economy.
More than 45% of North Carolina's manufacturing establishments are wood
using industries.
Direct and indirect benefits are derived from the State's forests and include
watershed protection, soil conservation, prevention of stream pollution, flood
28
damage, food and cover for wildlife, tourist attractions and many others. Hunters
and anglers annually pay nearly one and one-half million dollars into government
treasuries for the privilege of hunting and fishing in the lakes, streams and forests.
The beauties of the forested slopes and valleys of the Smokey Mountain National
Park attract more tourists than any other National Park.
In relation to its forest area, North Carolina now provides more than its share
of both timber growth and cut. With A'^c of the Nation's commercial forest area,
it supplies 59f of the annual cut and produces 6% of the annual growth. As the
virgin timber stands of the western softwoods are cut out, the eastern states,
especially North Caroline and the other southern states with their high growth
capacity, will have to assume an increasing share of the cut.
Growing increased quantities of timber without regard to species, or quality, will
not necessarily meet the timber needs of the Nation or North Carolina's forest
industries. The State has enough forest land with productive capacity to easily
meet prospective demands. The big problem is to grow more of the right kind,
and size of trees.
Yellow pine sawtimber, and pulpwood is by far the preferred source of raw
material among the forest industries in and adjacent to North Carolina.
The use of hardwood pulpwood by the pulp and paper mills is increasing
and there is a current shortage of high quality hardwood suitable for face veneer,
for the quality hardwood furniture for which the State is famous, and for other
exacting uses.
Growth, at present, exceeds the cut for all important species groups and in all
size classes. So much of the present inventory, however, consists of timber the
forest industries cannot use that North Carolina faces the possibility that eventually
the less desirable timber will occupy so much of the available forest land there
will not be enough space left to grow the softwood and high quality hardwoods
needed. There has been a marked increase in recent years in the amount of growing
space taken over by undesirable or low quality hardwood and unmerchantable
trees. It is estimated that cull trees of all species occupy about one-fifth of the
available growing space.
Sixty-two per cent, or 19,341,000 acres, of the State's total land area is
presently available for timber production. The National Forests, the State Forests,
the land owned by the Pulp and Paper Companies and other wood using industries
are, for the most part, already being managed for maximum timber production.
Improvements in forest management practices are expected to continue on these
areas.
The 222,000 Farm Woodland owners with forest holdings averaging 60 acres are
the key to future supplies of wood. These farmers own more than twice as much
forest land as do all others together, and their woodlands, because of exploitation
and neglect, are among the least productive. These lands offer the greatest
need and opportunity for improving the timber supply.
It is to the owners of these potentially highly productive but presently under-stocked
and unmanaged farm forests that the Division of Forestry offers professional
forestry services. The outstanding feature of this activity is that the private land-owner
is given in-the-woods advice and assistance on how best to manage and
market his timber.
When advice or assistance is requested, the forester makes a thorough recon-naissance
of the farm forest to evaluate the present condition of the forest area
and to determine the capability of the soil to produce specific forest products.
The forester informs the landowner of these conditions and recommends a plan
of action that will maintain or increase the forest growth, and at the same time
meet the needs or limitations of the landowner.
Additional services include: Selecting, marking, and estimating the volumes in
trees ready for harvest; assistance in finding markets for and selling forest products;
elimination of cull trees, undesirable or unmerchantable species and restocking
with desirable species; assistance in preparing open fields, cut over or otherwise
understocked areas for natural regeneration or reforestation by planting; advice
and assistance in obtaining and planting forest tree seedlings.
Twelve Service Foresters are presently employed who devote all of their efforts
to giving forest management advice, tree marking service, and forest planting
advice and assistance to landowners. Other foresters devote part of their time to this
forest management advice and assistance to landowners.
29
During the last fiscal year nearly 18 million board feet of sawtimber and over 9
thousand cords of pulpwood were selectively marked by foresters of the Division.
In addition, private consulting foresters and industrial foresters marked some 2
million board feet of sawtimber and 4 thousand cords of pulpwood in accordance
with the marking recommendations made by foresters of the Division. The demand
for forest management and reforestation advice and assistance continues to increase.
A nominal charge is made for the marking service. Landowners are charged at the
rate of 50c per thousand board feet of sawtimber marked, ]5<!^ per cord of pulpwood
marked and 1 5('' per seed tree selected. No charge is made for the first 20,000 board
feet or 1 cords marked.
Gross returns to forest landowners receiving assistance from the Division in
marketing forest products from their land exceeded $640,000.
Through cooperative agreements with the U. S. Forest Service, the Division
hired two Watershed Foresters to provide the technical assistance and to supervise
the forest management and reforestation phases of the Small Watershed Program
(P. L. 566). One forester is presently assigned to the Deep Creek and Town Fork
Creek Watersheds in Yadkin, Stokes and Forsyth counties, and the other to the
Mud and Muddy Creek Watersheds in Henderson, McDowell and Burke Counties.
Additional foresters will be hired as new watershed projects are approved and
funds appropriated by Congress.
PROGRESS IN FOREST MANAGEMENT SERVICE TO LANDOWNERS
Period During Biennium Total
1948-1958 1958-1960 To Dote
No. of Examinations Made 12,035 3,284 15,319
Total Woodland Acres Examined 1,948,323 190,912 2,139,235
No. of Tracts Marked 4,622 820 5,442
Acreage Marked 112,931 14,985 127,916
Board Feet Marked 269,347,000 32,361,000 301,708,000
Cords Marked 110,774 16,850 127,624
Acres Given Planting Assistance 37,513 87,162 124,675
Applications Not Acted Upon 2,314 2,314
Over 2,300 requests from landowners had not been serviced at the close of the
fiscal year. A large per cent of these were for the technical forestry services the
Division agrees to provide the County Agriculture Conservation Program and the
Conservation Reserve in Reforestation and Timber Stand Improvement. The effect
of the Conservation Reserve and the forestry phases of the A. C. P. is reflected
in the 87,162 acres for which planting advice and assistance was given. This is
more than twice the number of acres of the preceding 10 years.
INDUSTRIAL FORESTRY
There has been a considerable reduction in the number of sawmills in the State
over the past several years. This reduction in numbers has not reduced the lumber
cut to any appreciable extent because the mills which are staying are the larger
ones and almost without exception they have undergone extensive modernization
and added automation which does make a much more efficient operation and a
greatly increosed production per man day. There are still some of the old type of
"cut out and get out" operations but they are for the most part gone. This type
operator has either been replaced or educated in the modern methods and the
operations are a permanent type installation drawing raw material from a com-paratively
small area.
Since they are in business to stay and at a given location, most of these operators
ore receptive to the idea of a selective or partial cut so that they can assure
themselves a continuous supply of raw material through forest management and
wise use of available raw material.
Probably the best example of wise use of raw material is the debarking of logs
so that the waste (slobs, etc.,) can be used for pulp chips. This is also another
reason for the stabilizing of the middle sized mills in the capacity of 1 2 to 25
thousand board feet daily production. This waste utilization equipment is expensive
but most of the more moderately priced equipment is ideally suited for mill within
this size range or possibly somewhat smaller. The primary reasons behind this size
predominating are several but the two major ones are: 1- Raw material, 2- Cost
30
of equipment. A modern sawmill in the 15 to 25 MBF class with the waste
utilization equipment can be built for about 25 to 30% of the cost of a mill of 35
to 50 MBF capacity. A mill of this smaller class can be supplied with raw material
from a comparatively small area compared to the larger ones with resulting
savings in transportation costs for raw material.
This modern, automatic machinery does on excellent job of manufacturing a
high quality, regular, and accurately sized product if it is in adjustment and
properly aligned but it does not lend itself to often and repeated moves. It must
have a good foundation and available power to operate properly. The small mills
which formerly cut most of the lumber sawn could be moved easily and often but
the standards of manufacture were low and much waste developed from miscut
lumber. The present day market will not stand this waste either in the lumber
or the inability to utilize the normal waste from a milling operation.
The industrial forestry program is aimed at assistance to operators in bringing
their mills up to acceptable standards, location of suitable types of waste
utilization, equipment for the porticular needs of the individual operation, mar-keting
assistance to some extent, and the publication of a listing so that land-owners
with available timber will have the opportunity of offering it to more
buyers which will give the landowners a better price and in effect make timber
available to more operators. Educational work is going on continuously for
wider acceptance of forest management on the part of the operators which will in-crease
the timber supply and generally improve the economic situation of everyone
in North Carolina. On the other side, educational work is also being done to
acquaint foresters and timber owners with some of the problems of the operators.
These two programs will in time allow a more businesslike arrangement between
buyer and seller thereby everyone will profit and not one at the expense of the
other. One of the major projects along this line is the exploratory work which is
now going on concerning the adjustment of the International log rule to take
care of some southern pine sawing practices which were not considered when the
rule was originally devised. When these adjustments have been mode, we hope
that they will lead to widespread acceptance of this rule and detract from the
popularity of the grossly unfair Doyle rules.
The increase in the use of waste to make pulp chips are borne out by the
following figures and years.
1954— 126,000 Cords for entire South
1955— 374,000 Cords tor entire South
1956— 80,127 Cords for North Carolina
1957— 102,783 Cords for North Carolina
1958— 190,107 Cords for North Carolina
1959— 311,700 Cords for North Carolina
The 311.7 thousand cords of chips from North Carolina wood wasts represents
779,250 tons, this is between 35% and 40% of the total solid wood mill waste
in the State. The value of rough lumber (before any finishing or remanufacture)
manufactured in North Carolina, based on an estimated cut of 1,900,000,000
board feet annually and valued at approximately $60 per 1000 board feet, is
$114,000,000. The additional returns to mills in North Carolina, in 1959, from
the sale of wood waste as pulp chips amounted to about 4.5% of their returns
from the primary product or over $5,000,000. This return is less than one-half
of the potential if 100% could be utilized since the value of the waste wood is
more than 10% on the average and in some cases as high as 1 5 to 20% of the
value of the rough lumber cut.
The sum total of this type of progress tends to help stabilize the operations
and therefore the economy of the area in addition to much more complete utili-zation
of waste takes some of the strain off the forests, since this wood must
come from some source, therefore, a better management job can be done with
production of the best and highest value products from the stands.
NURSERIES
The North Carolina Division of Forestry now operates four forest tree nurseries.
These installations are located in Johnston, Wayne, Buke and Henderson counties.
They have a combined capacity of approximately 100 million seedlings annually.
31
-0- 348,000 15,575
-0- 282,500 424,375
3,900 -0- -0-
-0- -0- -0-
-0- 1,950,487 191,150
63,894,948 72,891,971 47,649,935
1,228,400 1,720,935 1,084,486
-0- -0- -0-
-0- 42,500 13,000
-0- 285,500 56,100
1,297,375 350,891 484,850
881,000 1,090,150 593,200
7,450,500 10,988,000 24,087,250
-0- 86,400 90,900
5,464,060 6,881,422 7,777,600
107,950 1,071,750 581,000
3,432,450 7,050 7,600
83,760,583 97,997,556 83,057,921
Tree seedlings are sold at approximate cost of production for windbreaks,
erosion control and reforestation at varying prices, with $4.50 per thousand f.o.b.
nursery for several species of pines.
The following tabulation shows the distribution breakdown by species and
cooperators. The considerable increases in the last tree planting seasons tabulated
were due to the Soil Bank program which encouraged farmers to retire crop land
by planting trees. Much of the forest tree planting in the future will be the con-version
of low grade stands to more valuable species.
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY SPECIES
Species 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60
Atlantic White Cedar -0-
Balsam Fir -0-
Black Locust 20,000
Black Walnut 3,600
Cypress -0-
Loblolly Pine 36,635,449
Longleaf Pine 708,700
Maritime Pine -0-
Norway Spruce -0-
Pond Pine -0-
Red Cedar 320,100
Shortleaf Pine 793,910
Slash Pine 14,436,272
Virginia Pine -0-
White Pine 2,391,825
Yellow Poplar 259,400
Miscellaneous 1,901,355
Totals 57,470,61 1
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY CLASS OF COOPERATORS
No. of No. of No. of No. of
Cooperafors Trees Cooperators Trees
Class of
Cooperators Biennium 1958-1960 Cumulative Grand Total
Farmers 12,893 135,108,450
Industries 115 37,781,000
Schools 73 263,650
State 18 1,207,500
Club & Organizations 107 293,200
Municipalities 25 2,420,050
Federal Agencies 16 3,066,350
Others 153 914,800
Totals Z 13,400 181,055,000
PUBLICATIONS
The ninth edition of "Common Forest Trees of North Carolina" was reprinted
in 1959. To date 75,000 copies of this publication have been distributed to school
teachers and pupils. One copy is given free to the teachers and pupils and others
are charged 1 5c per copy.
The Division of Forestry in cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority
published a booklet entitled "Sawmills and Lumber Production For Twenty-Six
Counties in Western North Carolina". This publication contains the results of a com-prehensive
survey of sawmill activity in lumber production in 26 counties in western
North Carolina for the calendar year 1958.
A brochure on the Bladen Lakes State Forest is available to show progress and
developments on this area. In cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority a
"Guide For Watershed Management - The Second Decade" was published for the
Town of Waynesville and others interested.
A pamphlet designed to assist forest landowners in marketing various products
entitled "Buyers of Forest Products in North Carolina" is available with distribution
limited to specific requests.
32
49,602 276,338,854
646 155,149,649
779 3,021,109
231 6,373,286
2,815 1,595,114
118 10,650,124
123 15,913,117
943 10,295,177
55,257 479,336,430
BLADEN LAKES STATE FOREST
The primary objective of this 35,000 cere State Forest is to build up a growing
stock of timber on the previously over-cut end badly burned area; to utilize all
resources including game; to demonstrate that such an area can more than pay
its own way under sound forestry operations.
The area comprising the State Forest was originally leased from the Federal
Government in 1939. In October 1954, the area was deeded to the State with the
exception of certain mineral rights.
A variety of activities are carried on, as noted from the table of receipts
acquired during this biennium. The area has been self-supporting since its
management by the Division of Forestry. The Forest now pays taxes to Bladen
county. These taxes are based on a total valuation of the forested land at $1,301 ,570.
Taxable value is 35% of this valuation, and the taxes amounted to $7,142.48 in
1959.
RECEIPTS
BLADEN LAKES STATE FOREST
Fiscal Years 1958-59 and 1959-60
3,711,142 Board Feet Rough Green Lumber $ 247,543.01
585,593 Board Feet Logs 13,965.37
6,239.75 Cords Pulpwood 70,241.20
144.65 Cords Oak Wood Stumpage & Oak Wood 160.27
9,982.00 Pounds Charcoal 410.50
43,724 Treated Pine Posts 23,088.45
19,000 Tobacco Sticks 91.90
Slabs 3,205.69
Handle Squares etc . 1,541.84
Custom Treating 1 ,027.86
Pine Straw 428.00
Lightwood ' 1 -50
Christmas Trees 1 89.1 7
Rentals & Sale of Equipment 4,023.75
(1959-60)
Deer Hunts 450.00
Miscellaneous 912.99
Total $ 367,291.50
BELOW ARE OUTLINED THE YEARLY GROSS RECEIPTS
SINCE THE YEAR 1939
Yeor Amount
1939-40 $ 169.24
1940-41 1,092.57
1941-42 8,786.37
1942-43 16,761.72
1943-44 31,794.00
1944-45 41,848.13
1945-46 26,793.95
1946-47 32,038.56
1947-48 31,045.46
1948-49 52,597.53
1949-50 61,189.83
1950-51 93,013.21
1951-52 95,008.23
1952-53 85,735.81
1953-54 85,592.77
1954-55 95,388.02
1955-56 103,415.33
1956-57 106,850.65
1957-58 123,529.40
1958-59 173,024.78
1959-60 194,266.72
Total $1,459,942.28
33
FOREST INSECT & DISEASE CONTROL
The forest pest situation has been highlighted during the biennium by the oak
wilt disease, the white pine blister rust disease and the balsam wooly aphid.
Cooperative pest control projects, under the Federal Forest Pest Act, have been
continued in combating the oak wilt and white pine blister rust disease. Also, a
project has been set up and control work has been started to protect some of the
high-value fir stands in Mt. Mitchell State Park from being killed by the balsam
wooly aphid.
OAK WILT
This disease is still confined to a five-county area (Buncombe, Haywood, Madison,
Swain and Jackson) in western North Carolina. When using the number of new
infections found each year (per 100 square miles) as a basis for evaluating the
status of this disease, it appears that control against oak wilt is holding this disease
in check. This is not the case in eastern Tennessee where no control is being applied.
New Infections
Year New Infections Per 100 Sq. Mi.
1954 (Control Began) 9 1.1
1958 12 1.5
1959 4 .5
1960 (Control work still in progress but trend indicates that results will be favorable.)
WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST
All white pine plantations being established in blister rust areas are being
checked to determine the hazard for each individual plantation. Where the hazard
is very severe and control costs unreasonable, the landowner is advised to change
planting sites or make other adjustments. When control is practical, the necessary
work is carried out.
In natural white pine stands, surveys are being carried out to keep up with this
disease. Also, control work is being done in some instances as a follow-up to the
work that was done through the public work programs during the 1930's.
BALSAM WOOLY APHID
The control project against this insect was underway at the end of the biennium.
Approximately 100 acres of the fir type on Mt. Mitchell was being sprayed.
Procedures and specifications developed in a pilot test in 1959 are being followed
in the spraying.
OTHER PESTS
Other serious pest outbreaks hove occurred in several areas of the State. The
elm spanworm is defoligoting hardwood trees in Cherokee and Clay counties. The
Virginia pine sawfly has continued active in the northcentral counties. The
southern pine beetle is present in epidemic proportions in Dare and Tyrrell counties.
Even though those and some other pests are causing serious damage, both economic
and/or technical limitations do not allow all-out direct control at this time.
34
MINERAL RESOURCES
The Division of Mineral Resources, which corresponds to the geological survey
of many states, is the official representative of the Department of Conservation
and Development in the fields of geology, mineral resources, mining, and treat-ment
of minerals. As designated by State law, "It shall make such examination,
survey and mapping of the geology, mineralogy and topography of the State,
including their industrial and economic utilization, as it may consider necessary."
Its objective is to improve the general welfare of North Carolina through a better
understanding and a wiser use of its geology, topography and mineral resources.
The programs of work and the services of the Division may be summarized as
follows:-
1. The Division, through its own personnel and in cooperation with the United
States Geological Survey and other agencies, carries out systematic surveys on the
geology and mineral resources of specific areas which may be treated as units.
Such work includes detailed topographic and geologic mappings, systematic sampling,
petrogrophic study, and a general appraisal of the geology and mineral resources
of each area surveyed.
2. The Division carries out, in cooperation with various state and federal
agencies and industrial concerns, a wide range of mineral investigations restricted
to the study of a specific mineral or mineral resource. Individual deposits and pros-pects
are studied, mapped and sampled. Mineralogical and petrogrophic studies
are carried out and a general appraisal is mode of each deposit and the resource
as a whole.
3. The Division cooperates with landowners, prospectors, small miners and
citizens of the State by identifying and reporting on specimens of rocks and
minerals sent in for identification. Also, upon requests, mineral deposits ore
examined and information furnished as to their value and uses when it appears
that the furnishing of such information will advance the general welfare of the
State.
4. The office of the Division of Mineral Resources serves as a clearing house
for this information through the publication of bulletins, economic papers, infor-mation
circulars, and reports of investigation. These publications which have
considerable educational value are sold at nominal prices intended to cover the
costs of printing.
,
GENERAL
Due to the business recession during the biennium 1956-1958, the mineral
production of North Carolina in 1957 was the lowest since 1954. Marked improve-ments
began about the middle of 1958 and by the end of that year production
was back to normal. As a result, the biennium 1958-1960 was one of the best
in the history of the State. The mineral production of 1959 approximated the all-time
high of 1 954 and 1 960 promises to set a new record.
The principal minerals produced in the State in 1959 in the order of value
were (1) stone, (2) sand and gravel, (3) mica, (4) feldspar, (5) talc and pyrophyl-lite,
(6) copper, (7) spodument (lithium), and (8) clays. The value of stone
increased in 1958 and again in 1959. The value of sand and gravel increased
approximately 21 percent in 1959 over 1958. The value of mica increased
slightly in 1958 as compared with 1957 but was up 7 percent in 1959 over 1958.
Crude feldspar decreased in value in 1958 as compared with 1957 but was up 16
percent in 1959 over 1958. The value of talc and pyrophyllite sold in 1958 was
lower than in 1957 but increased 8 percent in 1959 over 1958. The value of
copper increased 10 percent in 1958 over 1957 and 33 percent in 1959 over 1958.
Collection of production figures on spodumene (lithium) in 1958, for the first
time since 1953, showed North Carolina to be the principal domestic producer
of lithium ores. However, p duction declined in 1959 due to the cancellation of
contracts for lithium miner the Atomic Energy Commission. Production figures,
while collected, ore class "id are not included in the State total. If these
figures could be included, tuc :ord would show an all-time high in the value of
35
the mineral production of North Carolina for the years 1958 and 1959. The value of
clays and shales used in the manufacture of brick and tile ond lightweight aggregate
declined 16 percent in value in 1958 as compared with 1957 but increased 23
percent in 1959 over 1958.
Figure 1, shows graphically the value of the mineral production in North
Carolina during the decade 1950-1959 as compared with that of the decade
1940-1949.
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MINERAL INDUSTRY
A number of important developments took place in the mineral industry of
North Carolina during the biennium 1958-1960. Appalachian Sulphides, Inc.,
enlarged its mill at the newly developed Ore Knob Copper mine in Ashe County
to a capacity of 800 tons of ore per day and began full-scale production in 1958.
This enlarged mine and mil! capacity, and the rise in the price of copper, account
for the increased value of the copper production in North Carolina. By-product
gold and silver in the amount of approximately $60,000 per year are being
recovered from this mine.
Examination and exploration for copper and other minerals were carried out
by mining interests at a number of old mines and prospects in the Piedmont and
Mountain areas of the State. Geochemical methods were widely used. According to
Mining World (April 1960) the deepest exploratory hole, approximately 1400 feet
deep, was drilled near the old Phoenix mine in Cabarrus County.
Tungsten Mining Corporation, which closed its mine and mill in Vance County
on June 28, 1958, became a Division of Howe-Sound Company in 1959. The
mine and mill of Tungsten Mining Corporation in Vance County were reactivated
as of April 1, 1960 with approximately 200 employees. In 1959, Cranberry
Magnetite Corporation obtained a long term lease on the Old Cranberry Magnetite
mine in Avey County and began plans to open the mine and construct a concen-trating
plant and reduction furnace to process the ore. A small amount of ore
was produced from the mine during 1959. This was the first commercial
production of iron ore in North Carolina since 1936. Tennessee Copper Company,
after o drilling program that indicated the presence of mineable reserves of lead
and zinc ore, took over the old Silver Hill mine in Davidson County, in 1959, and
began development work. The old shaft has been reconditioned and deepened
several hundred feet and plans made for a mill to concentrate the ore. This was
probably the mining highlight in the southeast for the year 1959. Due to the
failure of the metal titanium to prove suitable for use in industry as hod been
expected, interest in the ilmenite sands (titanium ore) of Eastern North Carolina,
declined and two leases that hod been granted by the Department of Conservation
and Development to explore for ilmenite in the sounds of the State were allowed to
expire by the holders after limited investigations. After extensive exploratory work
at the Star mine in Montgomery County, Union Refining and Mining Company
of High Point, in 1959, began developing a mine and constructing a modern
refinery to mine and process gold ore. Work was progressing satisfactorily at the
end of the biennium.
Major developments took place in the lithium industry of the State during the
year 1959. Texas Gulf Sulphur Company took a five year option on the holdings
of Basic Atomics, Inc., near Lincolnton and planned exploratory work and pilot
plant studies. Foote Mineral Company carried out extensive drilling on its Kings
Mountain property that proved its spodumene (lithium ore) reserves to be 30
percent higher than previous estimates. Lithium Corporation of America moved
its laboratory and producing facilities from Minnesota to Bessemer City where
it has had a large plant in operation for several years for the processing of
foreign uses. The firm also announced that it would reopen its North Carolina mines
in 1960.
There was renewed interest in olivine and the State College Mineral Research
Laboratory in Asheville carried out beneficiation studies. Construction of a mill to
process olivine from the Wray mine in Yancey County was started.
The oil, gas and sulphur mining lease granted to J. E. Fitz-Patrick of Fort
Worth, Texas, in 1957, was transferred to Coastal Plains Oil Company in 1958.
In the spring of 1959, Coastal Plains Oil Company drilled 7 wells around Lake
Mattamuskeet in Hyde County that varied in depth from 1635 to 2005 feet and
contained a total footage of 13,345 feet. No oil, gas or sulphur were found but
36
plans are being made to do further drilling. Bryant P. Seay of Houston, Texas,
drilled two wells in the Hoffman Forest of Jones and Onslow Counties, both of
which were dry. Both wells bottomed in basement rock, one at a depth of 1430
feet and the other at a depth of 1335 feet. In September 1959, American Mining
and Development Company of New York City drilled one well in Bladen County
and one well in Pender County for oil and salt. Neither oil nor salt was found. Both
wells bottomed in basement rocks at depth of 700 feet. In June 1960, Peter
Henderson Oil Company of New York City drilled three wells in the Hoffman Forest
of Jones and Onslow Counties, all of which were dry. Plans have been announced
for further drilling.
The production of clays and shales used in the manufacture of brick, sewer pipe,
tile and lightweight aggregate, and these products, showed a healthy growth
during the biennium 1958-1960. Triangle Brick Company announced a new plant
near the Research Triangle in Wake County. Borden Brick and Tile Company
completely renovated its plant in Durham. Southern Lightweight Aggregate Corpor-ations
enlarged its plant at Aquadale in Stanly County and opened a new clay pit
near Leaksville in Rockingham County to supply a nearby plant in Virginia. Tuff-
Lite Corporation, remodeled its plant at Salisbury and constructed a new plant
near Gold Hill. In 1958, the last year for which figures are available. North
Carolina produced one of each three brick manufactured in the Southeastern
States and one of each eleven brick manufactured in the United States. In that
year it was fourth in the nation with Ohio first, Pennsylvania second, and Texas
third.
Consolidations and mergers were the highlight of the stone industry in 1959.
Superior Stone Company acquired Bryan Rock and Sand Company and in turn
became a division of American Marietta Company. Vulcan Materials Company,
purchased the Piedmont Quarry Company, Pioneer Quarry Company, Greystone
Granite Quarries, and W. E. Graham and Sons, all of which will operate as the
W. E. Graham and Sons Division. Approximately 33 quarries and pits were involved
in the transactions. There was continued interest in limestone for cement manu-facture
and exploration work was carried out by two companies in the Piedmont
region and one or two companies in the Coastal Plain. Volunteer Portland Cement
Company continued exploration of limestone deposits near Maple Hill, Pender
County, until the fall of 1959 when it was taken over by Ideal Cement Company.
Early in 1960, Ideal Cement Company announced plans to build a modern portland
cement plant at Wilmington.
North Carolina continued to be the leading State in the production of feldspar
and mica. The new feldspar plant of Lawson United Feldspar and Mining
Company which ws completed at Penland, Mitchell County, near the end of the
1956-1958 biennium was placed in operation, and the Spruce Pine Mica Depot
of the General Services Administration of the Federal Government continued to
purchase strategic quality mica. Carolina Pyrophyllite Company began mining
pyrophyllite on Bowling's Mountain in Granville County and trucking it to a mill
at Stoley in Randolph County.
WORK OF DIVISION
In keeping with a grogrom of Mineral studies recommended by the Mineral
Resources Committee and approved by the Board of Conservation and Development
at the April 1958 meeting, the systematic work of the Division of Mineral
Resources is divided into two major categories: (1) commodity studies and (2)
geologic studies. Commodity studies cover specific minerals or mineral deposits
such as asbestos, clays and shales, ilmenite, limestones, etc. Geologic studies
include detailed geologic mapping and examination of mineral deposits in a
specific area.
In the category of commodity studies, four programs were started as follows: (1)
limestone studies, (2) ilmenite studies, (3) a geophysical survey of the Deep River Coal
Field and (4) asbestos studies. In June 1 958, a study of the limestones of the Piedmont
and Mountain areas of the State was started in response to the many requests for in-formation
on the quantity and quality of limestone in those areas. In the course of the
study, a re-examination was made of all the deposits previously known and described
in reports now out of print. In addition, deposits of some importance not previously
known were located and studied. The deposits were evaluated as to the amount and
37
availability of rock present and representative samples were collected and analyzed to
show the quality of the rock. This information was assembled in a formal report
and published in the spring of 1960 as Bulletin 74, "Crystalline Limestones of the
Piedmont and Mountain Regions of North Carolina". In June 1958 in response to
the many requests being received and at the direction of the Division of Mineral
Resources of the Board of Conservation and Development, a study of the iimenite
deposits in the sounds and estuaries of the Coastal Plain was started. This is a long-range
program that will require three or four years to complete. Considerable
progress was made on the project in the fall of 1958, but with the decline in the
interest in titanium, which is obtained chiefly from iimenite, work on the project was
suspended in a favor of more important programs. One of the most important unde-veloped
mineral resources of North Carolina is the Deep River Coal Field of Chatham,
Lee and Moore Counties, which according to Professional Paper 246 of the United
States Geological Survey contains more than 100-million tons of cool. A major dif-ficulty
in mining this coal is a number of minor faults which interrupt the beds. In
July 1959, a geophysical survey of this field, by the use of electro-resistivity equip-ment,
was undertaken. The United States Geological Survey cooperated informally
on the project by furnishing the equipment and advising on the work. During the
course of two weeks work, it was found that the differences in resistivity of the
fault planes and that of the surrounding rocks was not great enough to measure
and the project was abandoned. It appears that this difficulty was caused by traces
of salt in the formations. A study of the asbestos deposits of the western part of
the State was started in the spring of 1959. North Carolina has been a small but
steady producer of anthophyllite asbestos for years. While less valuable than chryso-tile
asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos has a number of important uses and many
requests have been received for information on the North Carolina deposits. Most
of the deposits are small but they are more numerous than had been expected and
indications ore that the reserves of asbestos in the State are considerable. Satis-factory
progress had been made by the end of June and the field work should be
completed by the end of 1960.
In the category of geologic studies, three projects were undertaken as follows:
(1) geologic mapping of the Albemarle quadrangle in Stanly County, (2) geologic
mapping of parts of Davidson County and (3) geologic mapping of Moore County.
The geologic mapping of the Albemarle 1 5-minute quadrangle has been completed
and a geologic map and report on the quadrangle are about ready for publication.
The Albemarle quadrangle is on important area from the standpoint of geology and
mineral deposits and the report will present valuable information on both. Geologic
mapping was continued on a cooperative basis with the United States Geological
Survey in Davidson County. Work was first started in the Lexington and Hargrove
7V2-minute quadrangles but has been expanded to include the Denton 1 5-minute
quadrangle. Work in the Denton 1 5-minute quadrangle is progressing satisfactorily
and should be completed in 1961. The Denton 1 5-minute quadrangle joins the
Albemarle 1 5-minute quadrangle on the north and work in the two quadrangles
is being closely coordinated. The objectives of the work in both quadrangles are to
map the geology of the area and determine the structural, lithological, minerologi-cal,
geochemical and age relations of the rocks and the bearing these factors have
on the mineral resources of the area. Geologic mapping of Moore County was started
in the fall of 1959 and the field work was about 75 percent completed at the end
of June 1960. Moore County, which is considered one of the best balanced counties
in the State, economically, contains rocks of both the Piedmont and Coastal Plain
types as well as important mineral resources. When completed, the report on Moore
County should make an important contribution to that part of the State. Geologic
mapping carried out in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey prior
to the 1958-1960 biennium include the Spruce Pine district of Avery, Mitchell and
Yancey Counties and the Homme Tungsten District of Vance County. A report,
"Geology of the Spruce Pine District, Avery, Mitchell and Yancey Counties," was
approved in January 1960 for publication as a U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin. A
report, "The Geologic Setting of the Homme, Tungsten District, North Carolina,"
was completed and submitted for publication as a U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin.
Copies of both of these reports are on file in the office of the Division of Mineral
Resources.
Formal cooperation with the United States Geological Survey on geologic mapping
and mineral studies in North Carolina which was started several years ago on a
38
small scale is beginning to pay dividends. In a letter dated March 22, 1960, the
Chief Geologist of the United States Geological Survey listed 10 major non-coopera-tive
projects being carried out on the geology and mineral resources of North
Carolina by the Geologic Division of the U. S. Geological Survey. Four of these
projects are of special interest. They are: (1) Western North Carolina Pegmatites,
Avery, Mitchell and Yancey Counties. This is a special study to collect data on
distribution, quality and type of mica in shoots of different pegmatite zones; relation
of type of mica to composition of pegmatite minerals and wall rocks; and distribution
of mica pegmatites with respect to regional structure, (2) Massive Sulfides of the
Southeastern States. This includes detailed reconnaissance mapping in the Boone-
Jefferson area which is underway, (3) Central Piedmont which consists of detailed
geologic mapping in several quadrangles near Concord in Cabarrus and Mecklenburg
Counties and (4) Grandfather Mountain area which includes geologic mapping of
several quadrangles in the area. Mapping has been completed in the Linville and
Table Rock quadrangles and is underway in the Lenoir and Blowing Rock
quadrangles.
GROUND WATER STUDIES
Ground-water studies were conducted in cooperation with the United States Geolo-gical
Survey through June 30, 1959. The 1959 session of the General Assembly of
North Carolina established a Department of Water Resources which took over all
work on groundwater as of July 1, 1959. The following projects were completed as
of June 30, 1959: (Da report, "Geology and Ground-Water of the Greenville Area,"
was completed and published as Bulletin 73; (2) field work and a report on the
geology and ground-water resources of the Wilmington-New Bern area; (3) field
work and a report on the geology and ground-water resources of the Foyetteville
area; (4) field work and a report on the geology and ground-water resources of the
Clinton-Goldsboro area, and (5) field work and a report on a water supply for the
Dare Beaches sanitary district on the Outer Banks of Dare County.
COOPERATIVE SERVICES
In addition to the work outlined above, the Division of Mineral Resources serves
as a clearing house for information on the geology and mineral resources of North
Carolina. During the first half of the biennium a number of well sites were located
for towns, schools, state institutions and industries. The Division cooperated with
landowners, prospectors, small miners, and people interested in the geology and
mineral resources of the State by rendering services not otherwise available. Infor-mation
and assistance were furnished on asbestos, clays, mica, prophyllite, spodumene,
stone, sand and gravel, oil and gas possibilities of the State, radioactive and other
minerals. A number of talks were made to civic and mineral clubs, and schools on
the geology and mineral resources of North Carolina. The Division cooperated with
the Southeastern Section of the Geological Society of America which met in Chapel
Hill on April 16-18, 1959 and with the Carolina Geological Society which met at
Albemarle on October 24-25, 1959, by preparing guidebooks for field trips. This
was considered a valuable service as a number of outstanding geologists from sev-eral
states attended these meetings. Approximately 1500 rock and mineral speci-mens
were examined for citizens of the State and information furnished as to their
identity and value. This type of work is considered important and prospectors and
collectors are encouraged to send in specimens for examination. Through the exami-nation
of such specimens some of our most important mineral deposits have come
into production. The Division serves as a clearing house for the distribution of
technical reports on the geology and mineral resources of the State. During the
biennium, more copies of mops, bulletins, economic papers and information circulars
were sold than during any like period in the history of the Department.
The following publications were issued during the biennium:
Bulletin No. 73, "Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Greenville Area,
North Carolina," by Philip M. Brown.
Bulletin No. 74, "Crystalline Limestones of the Piedmont and Mountain Regions
of North Carolina," by Stephen G. Conrad.
39
STATE PARKS
FOR THE PERIOD JULY 1, 1958 - JUNE 30, 1960.
PURPOSES OF STATE PARKS
The Division of State Parks has but one purpose: TO SERVE THE PEOPLE OF
NORTH CAROLINA AND THEIR VISITORS BY:
1
.
Preserving and protecting natural areas of unique or exceptional scenic value
not only for the inspiration and benefit of the present generation, but, also, for
generations to come. This is the most basic function of state parks and must always
be given first priorty.
2. Establishing and operating state parks that provide recreational use of natural
resources and outdoor recreation in natural surroundings.
3. Portraying and interpreting plant and animal life, geology, and all other nat-ural
features and processes included in the various state parks.
4. Preserving, protecting and portraying scientific sites of statewide importance.
THE GOAL
The ultimate goal toward which the Department of Conservation and Development,
through its Division of State Parks, is working is the establishment, development
and operation of a system of state parks which will preserve and protect permanently
the most important scenic and scientific sites in the state; provide for the people of
North Carolina adequate opportunities for outdoor recreation in natural surroundings;
and portray and explain the natural and scientific features of the state parks.
In these times, an enormous amount of interest is being focused on outdoor
recreation. No other phase of natural resource use is receiving more attention than
the recreational use of natural resources. Many agencies - public and private, nation-wide
and local - ore devoting a great deal of study and thought to what has been
called "The Crisis in Outdoor Recreation". No matter who makes it, each study
reveals the same basic fact: there are not now nearly enough outdoor recreation
areas to meet current demand and the shortage will become increasingly acute unless
the acreage devoted to state parks and other outdoor recreation areas is greatly
increased.
What causes this overwhelming demand for outdoor recreation resources? Four
things: More people. More income. More leisure. More mobility.
All of these factors are at work in North Carolina. Our population has increased
and will continue to increase. Our per capita income has increased and will continue
to increase. Our leisure time has increased and will increase further. Our mobility,
the ability to travel, has increased and will continue to increase, thanks to the
automobile and our modern highways:
It will take much more state park acreage than now exists to meet the demands
for outdoor recreation created by more people, more income, more leisure and more
mobility.
Many authorities in the field of outdoor recreation resources conclude that to
meet present demands, each state should have three acres of state porks per 1 00
persons of state population, and that within 30 years, more or less, eight acres of
state parks will be required per 100 persons.
North Carolina's state pork acreage falls far short of these standards! Three acres
per 1 00 persons to meet present demands means 1 50,000 state park acres. We
now have less than one quarter of this state park acreage. Eight acres per 100
persons to meet future demands means from 450,000 to 600,000 state park acres,
depending on the amount the state's population increases. The State park program
has a long way to go just to catch up with current demand and a great deal further
to go to meet future demands.
REPORT OF PROGRESS
The opportunities the North Carolina State Parks give our citizens for enrichment
of their personal lives, for enjoyment of outstanding natural scenery, for wholesome
recreation and for pyhsicol, mental and spiritual renewal and refreshment make the
state park system a very important factor in the State's efforts to help its citizens
achieve fuller, richer and more meaningful standards of living. During the past two
40
years, state pork activities have been concentrated on improving the quality of and
expanding these opportunities.
The work the Division of State Parks does to carry out its purposes and functions,
and to achieve its goal is complex and varied. To assure its accomplishment in an
orderly, efficient and economical manner, this work is organized into nine major
divisions as follows:
1. Operation for Public Use
2. Maintenance
3. interpretive and Public Use Progarms
4. Protection and Law Enforcement
5. Business Management
6. Information and Education
7. Personnel Administration
8. Planning, Development and Construction
9. Cooperation with and Services to Other Agencies
There has been steady progress in each of these divisions of work during this
biennium and many accomplishments in each. A summary of progress and accomplish-ment
follows:
1. OPERATION FOR PUBLIC USE
The most vivid proof of the public's need and demand for state porks is the
volume of pulic use.
Public use of the North Carolina State Porks continued to increase. State park
attendance during this biennium reached on all time high of 3,096,184 - this despite
numerous wet weather weekends during the summer of 1958. It exceeded attendance
for the biennium ending June 30,1958 by 2.6 percent; attendance for the biennium
ending June 30, 1956 by 1.8 percent; attendance for the biennium ending June
30,1954 by 14.5 percent; attendance for the biennium ending June 30, 1952 by
26.9 percent; and attendance for the biennium ending June 30, 1950 by 88.8
percent. In ten years, state park attendance has almost doubled.
Even more startling, and actually far more important, are these increase in
active use of the state porks:
Percentage of Percentage of
Public Use During Increase Over Increase Over
Biennium Ending Biennium Ending Biennium Ending
June 30, 1960 June 30, 1958 June 30, 1950
Total Attendance—3,096,184 2.6 88.8
Camper Days — 74,699 45.3 820.0
Picnickers — 879,640 3.4 225.0
Swimmers — 395,627 26.8 383.0
These figures graphically illustrate the fact that each year more and more of
those who come to the state parks are park users instead of merely pork visitors
and that each year the state parks mean more and more to those who use them.
These figures also moke it obvious that to meet the mushrooming demand for state
park services that State must finance the acquisition, development, operation and
maintenance of miony more state parks than it now has.
2. MAINTENANCE
Careful maintenance to protect the public's investment in the state pork system is
a very important part of state park work. Maintenance is a continuous problem.
Day in and day out, maintenance work must be done to keep the state porks and the
facilities in them in good condition and to protect the health and s