THE LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF
NORTH CAROLINA
THE COLLECTION OF
NORTH CAROLINIANA
C55C
N87r
1960/62
Illillllll
00006766154
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ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIVE
CENTS a day thereafter. It is DUE on the
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4
ONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT
OVERNMENT IS A HABIT IN
PROGRESSIVE
NORTH CAROLINA
In this century, no state has built a
better reputation for integrity and sound
fiscal policy than North Carolina.
North Carolina's Good Government has
produced
1. Highest credit rating—AAA bonds.
2. One of the lowest debts of the
50 states—state and local debts
combined on a per capita basis.
3. A state law prohibiting deficit
spending.
This good government provides
vital services to its people and its
industries. These services mean profit
to you. For the future look wisely at
North Carolina.
. . . where Good Governmerrt is a habit and Greater Opportunity a fact
/ '^co/L>:i
To His Excellency
The Honorable Terry Sanford
Governor of North Carolina
In compliance with the Statutes of North Carolina,
I am transmitting herewith the report of the Department
of Conservation and Development for the biennium
ending June 30, 1962.
Respectfully,
Hargrove Bowles, Jr.
Director
North Carolina advertisements representing of those produced by the Advertising
Division and published nationally during this biennium appear on inside front and
back covers. During the biennium there were 424 display advertisements in 109 news-papers
and magazines and 1,824 air announcements over 27 radio and 17 TV stations
BOARD OF CONSERVATION
& DEVELOPMENT
(As of June 30, 1962)
Governor Terry Sanford, Chairman
R. Walker Martin, Raleigh Luther W. Gurkin, Jr., Plymouth
1st Vice Chairman Woody R. Hampton, Sylvo
Dr. Mott P. Blair, Siler City Charles E. Hayworth, High Point
2nd Vice Chairman Gordon C. Hunter, Roxboro
John M. Akers, Gastonia Roger P. Kavanagh, Jr., Greensboro
Robert E. Bryan, Goldsboro Carl G. McCraw, Charlotte
Mrs. B. F. Bullard, Raleigh Lorimer W. Midgett, Elizabeth City
Daniel D. Cameron, Wilmington Ernest E. Parker, Jr., Southport
Mrs. Fred Y. Campbell, Waynesville R. A. (Jack) Pool, Clinton
Dr. John Dees, Burgaw Eric W. Rodgers, Scotland Neck
William P. Elliott, Sr., Marion Robert W. Scott, Haw River
E. Hervey Evans, Jr., Laurinburg James A. Singleton, Jr., Red Springs
E. R. (Ned) Evans, Ahoskie J. Bernard Stein, Fayettev'lle
E. D. Gaskins, Monroe Paul H. Thompson, Fayetteville
Andrew Gennett, Asheville Charles B. Wade, Jr., Winston-Salem
Mrs. Gladys J. Gooch, Secretary to the Board
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ADVISORY BOARD
A. W. Daniels, Cedar Island & Clyde Potter, Belhaven
Charlotte, Chairman Lewis Hardee, Southport
Percy G. Grant, Holly Ridge Monroe Gaskill, Cedar Island
Garland Fulcher, Oriental Ralph Meekins, Wanchese
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT
Hargrove Bowles, Jr., Director Roy Wilder, Jr., Assistant Director
John L. Allen, Jr., Assistant to the Director
DIVISIONS AND DIVISION HEADS
Advertising Charles J. Parker
Commerce and Industry James R. Hinkle
Commercial Fisheries C. Gehrmann Holland
Community Planning Robert D. Barbour
Forestry Fred H. Claridge
Geodetic Survey P. C. Doran
Mineral Resources , Jasper L. Stuckey
State Parks . .-. Thomas C. Ellis
Auditor .„.. Sidney C. Holden
Public Information Wade H. Lucas
CONTENTS
The Board and Department 2
Foreword 4
Table of Organization 5
Advertising 7
Commerce and Industry 1 1
Commercial Fisheries 17
Community Planning 20
Forestry 23
Mineral Resources 35
State Parks 42
Budgets 52
FOREWORD
The mission of the Department of Conservation and Development is to conserve
and develop and to promote the wise use of the natural resources of North Carolina
for the common good of all her people.
This report is an account of the department's stewardship for the biennium ending
June 30, 1962
In the interest of readability, much detail has been omitted. Those persons wishing
more information about specific phases of the department's program need only to
contact the Department or the Division directly concerned.
to
BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
The Board of Conservation and Development during the first year of this biennium
was composed of eighteen members. The 1961 General Assembly, through enactment
of an amendment to Section 1 13-5 of the General Statutes, increased the member-ship
of the Board to twenty-eight persons effective July 1, 1961. Fourteen of the
Board members serving as of the close of the biennium, June 30, 1962, were
appointed for a term of two years each and fourteen members were appointed for
a term of four years each. Upon experation of their respective terms, appointments
to the Board will be for a term of four years each.
STATE ADVERTISING
The scope of the State's advertising program was considerably broadened in
this biennium.
North Carolina cooperated heartily with the "Visit U. S. A." program of the
U. S. Travel Service, headed by Voit Gilmore, former member of the State Adver-tising
Committee. With the enthusiastic support of Governor Terry Sanford and
active cooperation of the Travel Council of North Carolina, the Advertising Division
mounted the first State Travel Mission to Europe from the U. S. A. This Mission,
headed by Chairman Charles B. Wade, Jr., of the Advertising Committee of the
Board of Conservation and Development, was comprised of 41 leaders of the travel
and allied industries. Completely at their own expense, they put in 12 days of
intensive selling for North Carolina's travel attractions in 5 European countries, Feb.
25-March 8, 1962.
By being first to support our nation's campaign to reduce our foreign trade im-balance
through promoting more inbound tourist traffic. North Carolina won na-tional
and international publicity for its travel attractions. The pioneer Travel Mis-sion
paid off, also, in a series of visits by trade and professional groups, one of which
was the 2-day tour of our mountain vacationlands by 60 members of the Women's
Press Club of London in June 1962.
The groundwork was laid by the Travel Mission for another historic first in the
travel industry. Thirty European tour operators and transportation officials accepted
invitations to visit North Carolina in person and participate in a 6-day "Governor's
Tour of Variety Vacationland". This was scheduled for Oct. 7-12, 1962.
Promotional operations were also broadened within the United States to use new
media in support of conventional newspaper and magazine advertising.
TRAVEL SHOW PARTICIPATION
For the first time. North Carolina participated in major travel shows. With the
cooperation of the Travel Council of North Carolina, the Variety Vacationland ex-hibit
dominated the Ohio Valley Travel Show in Cincinnati in March 1961. Governor
Terry Sanford officially opened the show, and Miss North Carolina was featured. The
30-foot North Carolina exhibit, built around three large illuminated color scenes, was
put to further use in 1961 at the Redbook Magazine show in the New York area,
at the Jaycee National Convention in Atlanta, and the International Trade Fair in
Charlotte. The same exhibit was re-used in 1962 on a four-show circuit including
Washington, New York, Cincinnati and Charlotte.
Use of television was extended in 1962 with the State's first major scheduling
of this media. One-minute vacation announcements were used over 17 stations which
are listed in the statistical summary, as are print media.
LITERATURE DEMAND
Requests for North Carolina literature set new records. Sharply increased requests
from travel information agencies for literature in bulk were honored insofar as
possible, but even with increased printings supplies were inadequate. We distributed
3,621,358 pieces of literature in this biennium, an increase of 957,747 over the
preceding 2-year period.
Outstanding national publicity included the 43-page story entitled "North Caro-lina—
Dixie Dynamo" in the February 1962 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, which was
profusely illustrated in full color, and the 32-page special section entitled "Dynamic
North Carolina" in the March 1962 issue of INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT.
Special projects included production of the official program for the first Inter-national
Trade Fair in 1961, and assistance with "North Carolina Day" at the
Seattle World's Fair, June 23, 1962.
The new coastal fishing movie "From Kitty Hawk to Calabash", released in 1961,
was a sensational success. It was introduced by a coast-to-coast showing on the
NBC network. One hundred prints were procured for distribution through Modern
Talking Picture Service, Inc., and during this biennium there were 3,076 audience
and 223 TV showings.
Our "Variety Vacationland" picture, released during the preceding biennium, con-tinued
to get good reception, and had 4,995 audience showings end 21 1 TV show-ings
during the biennium.
Through the generosity of the Southern Bell Telephone Company, a new docu-mentary
film entitled "North Carolina" was added in 1961. This 27-minute movie
covering industrial and cultural features of the State as well as its vacation attrac-tions,
was shown to 742 audiences. The Telephone Company donated 50 prints,
which were distributed through the film library of the University of North Carolina.
Production was begun on a new vacation picture especially for television in
the spring of 1962. This picture is being produced under contract by the Bennett
Advertising Agency of High Point and is scheduled for release early in 1963.
OPERATIONAL CHANGES
Effective July 1, 1961, the Bennett Agency took over the State Advertising
Contract under a 2-year agreement, succeeding Ayer and Gillett of Charlotte, which
had the contract for 4 years. With the change to the Bennett Agency, basic changes
in operations whereby the Agency was charged with greater responsibility for pro-motion
as well as paid advertising were inaugurated.
(Typical State advertisements published during the biennium are reproduced on
the covers of this report.)
Other changes in the organization of the Advertising Division also reflected new
requirements for the State's advertising and informational programs. In order to
permit the Staff of the Advertising Division to concentrate more on travel information,
general nature news duties formerly performed by it were assumed by the Public
Information Officer of the Department of Conservation and Development, the Press
Secretary to the Governor, and other public relations specialists who were not in
operation when the Advertising Division was designated as and operated primarily
as the State News Bureau. Recognizing its changed emphasis, the working designa-tion
of this section became the State Travel Information Division.
Administration of the Honorary Tar Heel organization performed by the State
News Bureau for the Governor since the formation of this group of Friends of North
Carolina during the Cherry administration, was placed in the hands of the Assistant
Director of the Department of Conservation and Development in 1961. This freed
Advertising Division personnel further for their primary responsibility of being the
State's travel information agency.
Tax revenues from the travel-serving industry continued to increase during the
biennium, and the industry as a whole averaged 4% annual increase in dollar volume,
making it the third largest industry in the State.
The appropriation for the biennium was $1,092,442, of which $800,000 was
allocated to paid advertising prepared and placed by the advertising agency holding
the State contract.
Charles Parker, who has headed the Division since 1940 (with an interruption
for military service) continued both as Advertising Director and chief of travel in-formation
service during the biennium. Section heads were Evelyn Covington, ad-ministrative
assistant and supervisor of travel inquiry service and special projects,
and Miriam Rabb, travel editor and supervisor of photographic distribution and filing.
MEDIA LIST
North Carolina's travel advertising was published or broadcast as follov/s:
TELEVISION
Atlanta, Ga.—WLW-A, WSB-TV Indianapolis, Ind.—WISH-TV
Baltimore, Md.—WBAL-TV, WMAR-TV Louisville, Ky.—WAVE-TV
Cincinnati, Ohio—WLW-TV, WKRC-TV Philadelphia, Pa.—WFIL-TV
Columbus, Ohio—WLW-C, WTVN-TV Pittsburgh, Pa.—KDKA-TV
Dayton, Ohio—WLW-D South Bend, Ind.,—WNDU-TV
Huntington, West Va.—WSAZ-TV Washington, D. C.—WMAL-TV, WRC-TV
RADIO
Atlonta, Ga.—WAKE, WPLO, WSB
Baltimore, Md.—WCAO, WCBM
Charleston, West Va.—WCHS
Cincinnati, Ohio—WCKY, WLW
Columbus, Ohio—WBNS, WTVN
Dayton, Ohio—WING
Indianapolis, Ind.—WIBC, WIRE
Louisville, Ky.—WAKY, WKLO
Orlando, Fla.—WHOO
Philadelphia, Pa.—WCAU, WPEN
Pittsburgh, Pa.— KDKA, WEEP, WJAS
Richmond, Va,—WLEE, WRVA
South Bend, Ind.—WSBT
Washington, D. C.—WPGC, WRC, WWDC
MAGAZINES
American Motorist
American Weekly
Better Homes & Gardens
Christian Herald
Coronet
Detroit Motor News
Everywoman's Family Circle
Field & Stream
Golf Digest Annual
Grade Teacher
Guns & Hunting
Holiday
Instructor
Keystone Motorist
McCall's
National Geographic
New York Motorist
New Yorker
Ohio Motorist
Outdoor Life
Pennsylvania Motorist
PGA Championship Annual
Pittsburgh Automobilist
Redbook
Road & Track
Salt Water Sportsman
Saturday Evening Post
Scholastic Teacher
Sports Afield
Sports Car
Sports Illustrated
Tradition
True
TV Guide
Woman's Day
NEWSPAPERS
All Florida Sunday supplement
Army Times
Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Baltimore American
Baltimore Sun
Birmingham News
Boston, Christian Science Monitor
Charleston, W. Va., Gazette Mail
Charleston, S. C, News Courier
Chicago American
Chicago Sun-Times & Daily News
Chicago Tribune
Cincinnati Enquirer
Cincinnati Post-Times Star
Cleveland Plain Dealer
Cleveland Press & News
Columbus Dispatch
Dayton News
Detroit Free Press
Detroit News
Detroit Times
Ft. Lauderdale News
Fort Wayne Journal Gazette
Grit
Indianapolis Star
Indianapolis Times
Louisville Courier ^ Journal
Miami Herald
Miami News
Milwaukee Journal
Milwaukee Sentinel
New York Herald Tribune
New York Journal American
New York Mirror
New York News
New York Times
New York World Telegram
Newark News
Orlando Sentinel Star
Philadelphia Inquirer
Pittsburgh Post & Gazette & Sun Telegraph
Pittsburgh Press
Richmond News-Leader
Richmond Times-Dispatch
Roanoke Times & World News
South Bend Tribune
St. Petersburg Times
Tampa Tribune
Toledo Blade
Washington News
Washington Post
Washington Star
Wilmington (Dei.) News-Journal
INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING
MAGAZINES
Blue Book of Southern Progress
Business Week
Dun's Review & Modern Industry
Factory
Fortune
Industrial Development
NEWSPAPERS
Chicago American
Chicago News
Chicago Sun-Times
Chicago Tribune
Journal of Commerce
Newsweek
Plant Location
Site Selection Handbook
Time
U. S. News & World Report
New York Herald Tribune
New York Journal American
New York Times
New York World Telegram Sun
Wall Street Journal
The statistical summary follows:
BIENNIUM JULY 1, 1960—JUNE 30, 1962
DISPLAY ADVERTISING
Travel advertising was published or broadcast as follows:
Media
Magazines
Newspapers
Total Print
Radio
Television
Total Air
Total Travel
No.
Advertisements
133 in 35 publications
216 in 53 publications
Total
Circulation
188,945,175
128,616,856
349 in 88 publications 317,562,031
1 ,209 announcements over 27 stations
615 announcements over 17 stations
1 ,824 announcements over 44 stations
industrial advertising was placed as follows:
Magazines
Newspapers
Total Industrial
Total Production
Grand total
42 in 11 publications
33 in 10 publications
75 in 21 publications
48,008,018
27,186,559
75,194,577
Time &
Cost for/Space
$197,417.75
96,555.41
$293,973.16
$ 34,804.37
62,125.58
$ 96,929.95
$390,903.11
$210,938.25
59,510.26
$270,448.51
$ 60,926.57
$772,278.19
INQUIRIES SERVICED
Received
398,290
Keyed
175,202
Non-Keyed
223,088
Produced
No. Subjects
202
No. Copie'
2,277,157
PUBLICATIONS
Distributed
No. Copies
3,621,358
Inventory
(approximate)
528,932 (average)
NEWS, FEATURE & PICTURE OPERATIONS
News & Feature Releases
229
Still Photography
Prints Distributed
12,266
Motion Pictures
Audience Showings
9,019
TV-Radio Shows
130
TV
767
No. Projects
459
SPECIAL PROJECTS
(Conventions, displays, other special services)
Literature Used
301,030
Homeseeker Inquiries
8,381
10
COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Capital expenditures committed for new and expanded manufacturing facilities
during this report period, as will be seen by the tabulation given below, continued
the pace established during the preceding record biennium.
Total expenditures announced for the biennium of 1960-62 for new plants and
expansions were $498,390,000 as compared with $503,876,000 for the immediately
preceding period.
Prospective new employment indxated from the 1 960-62 projects, numbering
64,277 jobs, lacked less than 300 of being equal to the 64,567 of the preceding
biennium, and the estimated payroll of the new projects was approximately
$3,000,000 above that of the previous two-year period.
Expansions of existing plants set a new record during this report period with in-vestments
exceeding those of the previous biennium by more than ten percent.
The following tabulation presents the record of new plants and expansions for
the biennium 1 958-60 and 1960-62.
BIENNIAL SUMMARIES
1958-60; 1960-62
Payroll Employees
1958-'60 423 $252,532,000
$124,391,000 38,448
1960-'62 379 219,989,000
117,586,000 35,692
New Investments
Expansions
634 633 278,401,000
1958-'60 $251,344,000
$ 85,442,000 26,119
1960-'62 95,245,000 28,585
New and Expansions
1958-'60 1,057 $503 876,000 $209,833,000 64,567
1960-'62 1,012 498,390 000 212,831,000 64,277
ADMINISTRATION
The Division has continued to be faced by the problems created by the turnover
within its staff. There has been an increasing demand for Industrial Development
Representatives during the last several years from all over the country as well as
within the State.
Changes in staff confront the Division with a continuing training job since the
personnel which is lost has had experience and it is usually necessary to take on
replacements who must be trained.
During the past two years, the following have resigned to accept other develop-ment
positions or to enter private business: Robert E. Leak, J. D. Little, Richard D.
Mauney, Ernest W. Ross, and Marshall T. Wills. W. H. Riley retired after some 30
years with the State.
The following have come with the Division during the report period: Fred G.
Arnold, V/. W. Barnes, Albert H. Calloway, C. W. Garber, Russell G. Hanson,
Eugene B. Harris, Glenn D. Hunt, Harold R. Love, Lawrence B. McGee, John M
Oliver, and Horace A. Smith.
Changes in the top administrative office of the Division have been even more
frequent than among staff members. The current Administrator of the Division,
James R. Hinkle, had held this office for only two months before the end of the
biennium. He succeeded W. R. Henderson, who resigned to enfer private business, on
May 1 , 1 962. Mr. Henderson had served since September 1 5, 1 959.
Smce 1954, the Division has had eight administrators. Most of those who re-signed
have either gone into private business or have accepted higher paying posi-tions
in the same field.
GENERAL
S. I. R. Trophy: In 1960, the Society of Industrial Realtors, of the National As-sociation
of Real Estate Boards, offered a special trophy for the State or Canadian
Province having the most effective industrial development program.
n
Our Division feels quite honored that the trophy was awarded to North Carolina
by a panel of five highly qualified and independent judges. The State was the run-ner-
up in 1 96 1
Executive Industrial Development Conference: The first of what has been planned
as an annual Executive Industrial Development Conference was held at the Institute
of Government in Chapel Hill on June 1-2, 1961. The program was designed espe-cially
for those who are actively in the field of industrial development with the idea
of improving their effectiveness in obtaining and working with prospects.
Registration for this conference was 91, consisting of the Staff of the Division,
local developers, and representatives of development agencies with full time person-nel
stationed in North Carolina.
Plans were being made at the close of this report period for the second conference
to be held in Raleigh on October 3-4, 1962. Indications are that there will be more
than 100 in attendance.
Triangle Area Executive Tour: At the invitation of the sponsors, the Division par-ticipated
in Triangle Area Executive Tour on May 25-26, 1961. The tour was made
up of a selected group of more than 100 executives of large nationally known firms
and their wives.
Five representatives of the Division accompanied the busses which conducted the
visitors around Raleigh and The Research Triangle Area. Business and professional
men of Raleigh were the sponsors.
Trade Promotion: The Division has consistently held the view that it is equally as
important to contribute to the fullest extent possible to the success and growth of
its existing industries as to attract new plants to the State.
Consequently, a substantial part of its activities is directed toward this purpose.
Trade development aids, both domestic and foreign, are important features of the
program aimed toward assisting industry operating within the State.
In addition to the Trade Fair, the Division has sponsored numerous other features
in interest of helping to expand the markets for North Carolina products. Representa-tives
of the Division have taken part in and encouraged the attendance of North
Carolina manufacturers at various sales clinics. Considerable new business for
firms within the State has resulted.
Foreign Trade—The Division has worked closely with the Federal government in
its drive to expand the foreign trade of the Nation.
An Export Development Conference and Workshop was held by the Division at
Chapel Hill on March 24, 1962. A panel of speakers explained the wide field of
opportunities for export trade to a group of 162 businessmen. Pointers were given
on how to sell abroad, shipping requirements, and export financing. Secretary of
Commerce, Luther H. Hodges, addressed the conference at lunch.
Five volunteer citizens boosted trade between North Carolina and Western Europe
on trips during the summer months of 1962. The individual missions were carried
out with no cost to the State. These "goodwill ambassadors" included Col. H. H.
Dillard, Dr. Thomas Thurston, Bernard Stein, W. H. Deitrick, and J. B. Langston.
Furniture and Hosiery Missions—Two groups from the Hickory area, representing
the furniture and hosiery industries went on trade development missions during the
first half of 1962. The furniture group, numbering 24, made their trip in February.
Thirty-six representatives of the hosiery industry toured England and other countries
on the continent in June.
Countries visited by the Hickory groups included England, France, West Germany,
Sweden, and Italy. The Division assisted in making arrangements for the two mis-sions.
Domestic Market Expansion—The Division has scheduled a Government Sales
Conference and Clinic in Chapel Hill on October 23-24, 1962.
Top buyers of Federal and State purchasing agencies ore scheduled to attend the
conference-clinic which will be unique in not including any speeches but will be of
the personal interview type. All the armed services, the General Services Adminis-trations,
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the U. S. Department of
Commerce, Small Business Administration, N. C. Division of Purchase and Contract,
and other groups will be represented.
12
The Division constantly serves North Carolina's manufacturers by referring in-quirers
for various types of articles to firms within the State which ore equipped to
produce such items.
Industrial Missions: Three special "industry hunting" missions were conducted by
the Division during the biennium, all during the early part of the period. Another
was scheduled for early 1962 but was postponed and later cancelled because of
conflicts.
Chicago Mission—The largest mission during the biennium was to the Chicago
area on October 4-6, 1 960. A total of 82 State, local and private development rep-resentatives
participated. This mission was led by Governor Sanford,
Calls were made on some 250 leading industrialists and several new prospects were
developed. Some of the colls were on firms with which contacts had already been
made. It is of interest to note that one executive was so impressed with the visit
of the State representatives that he telephoned almost two years later to advise
that he was ready to look over sites for an expansion program.
Limited Mission—A smaller mission was carried out by three Staff Members to
some of the larger Wisconsin industrial centers during the week of March 13-17,
1961. This mission was largely for the purpose of calling on a considerable number
of industrialists with whom the Division was already in contact, as well as developing
new prospects. Thought is being given to additional missions of this type.
Ohio Valley Mission—This mission, covering the period May 21-26, 1961, in-volved
some new procedures from those used previously in that the group moved from
one city to another, with a coverage of five metropolitan areas.
The itinerary started at Pittsburgh and moved by rail through Columbus and
Dayton, thence to Indianapolis, and wound up in Cincinnati.
The number of participants was restricted to 35 because of limited travel accom-modations.
During the tour, the group made some 400 contacts, of whom some 67
manifested on interest in North Carolina.
Trade Fair: North Carolina, on October 12-21, 1961, became the first State to
sponsor a Trade Fair of the type as held in Charlotte on those dates.
The Fair has been widely proclaimed as an outstanding success, its greatest con-tribution
being the opening of new outlets for the products of the State.
There were more than 300 exhibitors and around 200,000 visitors from 36 states
and 32 foreign countries. Initial sales attributed to exhibits totaled $322,775 and
exhibitors established more than 14,000 prospects including 5,286 from North
Carolina, 9,051 from other states, and 145 from foreign countries.
Cooperation from the City of Charlotte, Mecklenburg County and the various
committees, including in particular Gen Paul R. Younts, Chairman of the executive
committee, contributed in on important way to the success of the Fair.
Soon after the 1961 Fair, it was decided to repeat the event on an every other
year basis, and consequently the second was scheduled for April 27-May 4, 1963.
Plans are currently being made for a mission consisting of some 30 to 40 private
citizens to tour some 12 Western European countries to boost the Trade Fair this
fall. The group is scheduled to leave Charlotte late in October, Each individual will
travel at his own expense.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
This Section's program is designed primarily to serve the development activities
of the communities, existing industry, and individuals and groups wishing to estab-lish
new enterprises.
During the biennium, the Section sponsored community evaluation studies under
the title of "Geared For Progress". These inventories hove resulted in the pinpoint-ing
of shortcomings which have inspired special projects designed to make the
communities involved more attractive to industry and as places in which to live.
The Section will shortly assume the task of expanding community data for the
files of the Division and as tools for the Development Representatives and other
agencies seeking to attract industry to the State.
13
Industrial Development Conferences: During this biennial report period seven
conferences were held over the State. Total attendance was estimated at 1,200.
These conferences were designed primarily to improve the techniques of finding and
handling prospects and also for aid to the communities in creating the best possible
business climate. The conferences were held in various parts of the State for the con-venience
of the participants.
Areo Redevelopment Review Board: As a member of the State Review Committee
for ARA, the Section has reviewed all project proposals for ARA assistance and all
Over-all Economic Development Programs submitted for approval. The Section has
been represented in each beginning of an Over-all Economic Development Program
in the various counties.
Special Aids to Existing Industry: Numerous programs were carried out during the
biennium in behalf of existing industries, both to promote a better appreciation of
their contribution to the communities and the State, and to assist in attracting new
business.
Industry Appreciation Week—The Section cooperated with the North Carolina
Association of County Commissioners in promoting Industry Appreciation Week on
November 28-December 3, 1960. This is a worthwhile feature and should be given
careful consideration as an annual event.
Southeast Exhibit of Business Opportunity—The Section represented the State at
this event in Orlando, Florida, in April, 1961, and participated in planning and pub-licity.
As a result, ten North Carolina manufacturers exhibited and many more
attended in search of new business.
Export Conference—More than 200 persons attended an export conference on
March 24, 1962, at Chapel Hill for the purpose of learning more about the op-portunities
in foreign trade for North Carolina manufacturers. Secretary of Com-merce
Luther H. Hodges was the main speaker at the conference luncheon.
As a result of this conference, several manufacturers developed a greater in-terest
in the potentials of the export field and are investigating the field more
closely.
Out of this conference grew the idea of a two-day Government Procurement Con-ference
and Clinic to be held at Chapel Hill in early October. This is shaping up as
a significant event.
Made in North Carolina Week—North Carolina-made products were spotlighted
to the people of the State during the week of June 10-16.
Special exhibits of North Carolina's manufactured products in retail stores and in
other public places, and numerous other means were used to familiarize the public
with the products of the State's plants. The press, radio, TV, and outdoor signs
publicized the wide variety of items processed in North Carolina. Restaurants and
stores displayed and advertised these products widely.
The special week received the endorsement and active cooperation of the N. C.
Merchants Association, the N. C. Association of Quality Restaurants, the N. C.
Chain Store Council, Chambers of Commerce, and numerous other organizations.
Consideration is being given to the continuation of the week as an annual event.
Industrial Financing: Increasing competition for manufacturing plants is con-stantly
focusing greater attention on financing plans. The ready availability and
terms of long-term credit figure importantly in the field of industrial development.
Special financing plans for industrial buildings under a variety of terms are avail-able
in virtually all the States, and in some cases equipment is also financed. There
is a wide range in the sources of such funds. A survey by o nationally circulated
publication some months ago showed that 1 9 states permit the issuance of either
general or revenue bonds by cities or counties for the financing of industrial buildings.
Recognizing the importance of financing to the development program, a banker
with long experience was added to the Staff early in 1961. Numerous existing plants
were able to continue operations and to expand as a result of this service. Financing
plans worked out in the Division have helped to bring new plants to the State.
In order to try to determine the influence of public bonds and other methods of
financing on the attraction of industry. Governor Sanford has appointed a special
committee with Dr. Joe S. Floyd, of the School of Business Administration gt th^
14
University of North Carolina, as Chairman. The Division of Commerce and Industry
has cooperated fully with this Committee.
It is hoped that the Committee will present a proposal that will be helpful to the
North Carolina development program and that it will be generally acceptable.
FOOD INDUSTRIES
In June, 1962, the Food Industries Section was created at the direction of Gover-nor
Sanford to coordinate a greatly accelerated program to promote more food in-dustries
utilizing the products of North Carolina's forms and fisheries.
Preliminary plans for this activity were announced at the April, 1962, meeting of
the Board by Governor Sanford who made possible the employment of two additional
food specialists, giving the Section three full-time representatives in this field.
Lewis F. Dunn who has been with the Division for about three years specializing
in a limited program of the same type, was named chief of the Section. Glenn D.
Hunt and Horace A. Smith were employed to round out the staff.
An aggressive program has been prepared and the Section is rapidly getting into
full swing. It will work in full cooperation with the Department of Food Science at
State College, the Division of Markets of the N. C. Department of Agriculture and
other agencies interested in the program. Attention will be directed toward attracting
branch plants of large companies, to the expansion of existing plants, and the estab-lishment
of new facilities by local entrepreneurs.
One feature which it is believed will focus considerable attention on North Caro-lina's
food processing potentials is a Food Editors' Luncheon on November 13 for
editors of newspapers and magazines. North Carolina foods will be featured. Invita-tions
hove been sent by Governor Sanford to 1 65 editors.
RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
With the increase of activities of the Division, there has been a steadily growing
demand on the Research and Statistics Section for services of various types.
In order to meet the increasing demand for supporting development data, it was
necessary to add another statistician to the staff at the beginning of the biennium
in the person of Miss Virginia Satterfield. This relieved, to a considerable extent,
the pressure on the Section and enabled it to render services vital to the develop-ment
program.
This Section collects, collates, and files for ready reference most of the data
required to support the industrial development program. These data include not
only those of State-wide nature but also statistics and general information on the
various counties and municipalities. Its basic service is in furnishing facts for the
Division's prospects. Considerable information is also furnished to local development
agencies, plant locating services, and other development agencies.
Progress Statistics: The Section maintains a continuing record of the industrial
growth of the State by assembling figures on new industries and the expansion of
existing plants. Records of this nature moke it possible to measure the rate of the
State's industrial growth, the trends in the various classifications, and give a basis
on which future programs can be planned.
Mailing Lists: The preparation of mailing lists is a never-ending undertaking and
has become a major activity of the Section. Lists for various uses are almost con-stantly
under preparation. Some of the lists are assembled for other State agencies
as well as the Division.
Miscellaneous: The Section handles a considerable volume of general inquiries.
Hundreds of questions from school children are among those answered.
From this office also comes considerable data for use in special articles on the
State and for such other purposes as TV and radio programs.
15
TECHNICAL STUDIES
After rather limited operation for some months, this Section was scheduled to go
into full operation on July 1 with the employment of Lawrence B. McGee as Sec-tion
Chief.
C. W. Garber, who succeeded W. H. Riley as industrial site specialist in June,
will, in addition, assist in other phases of the activities of the Section. Rounding
out the personnel of the Section is Robert C. Emanuel who has been in charge of
designing, drafting, and other activities.
This Section will continue in charge of the industrial site work and the records
of available buildings. A major feature of the program of the Section will be a
series of studies to determine the feasibility of various types of manufacturing
operations for the State. As its findings become available, the Division expects to
devote special attention to the attraction of the types on which attention is
focused.
Another contemplated feature is a series of market studies directed toward specific
industries to determine the potential outlets within this and adjoining states for
manufacturers in various fields. These studies, in some instances, will be conducted
for prospects, and others initiated within the Division are planned. A series of cost
studies is also contemplated for some key industries.
Still another phase of the program of the Section will be in cooperation with the
Development Representatives in their work with prospects having technical re-quirements
for plant locations. Similar services will be made available to local
development and other cooperating groups.
16
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
Considerable improvement was made during the biennium in Division facilities for
providing more efficient service to the commercial fishing industry and the general
public.
Of outstanding importance were the two law enforcement schools conducted by
the Institute of Government with the assistance of various State agencies for in-service
men of the Division of Commercial Fisheries and for new recruits. These
were the first schools of their type ever held for the division and they have proven
to be of great help to division personnel in enforcement and interpretation of laws,
rules and regulations governing North Carolina's commercial fishing industry.
The 1961 General Assembly provided sufficient funds for increasing personnel of
the division. Added were three inspectors, one supervisor, one airplane pilot and
patrol plane with all necessary equipment. At the close of the biennium division
equipment consists of two patrol planes, 20 outboard motor boats, four larger boats,
23 cars. Most of them ore equipped with ship-to-shore radios.
Placing of division personnel in complete and distinctive uniforms has been of
much help and incentive in enabling them to meet the public properly and to do
better work in general.
During the biennium the Commissioner of Fisheries attended seven public hear-ings
and six meetings of the Commercial Fisheries Committee of the Board of
Conservation and Development. These meetings dealt generally with problems of
the commercial fishing industry, commercial fishermen, and differences with sport
fishermen regarding commercial and sports fishing. These meetings and hearings
apparently created a feeling of better understanding between commercial and sports
fishermen of fishing areas used, or desired for use, by both groups.
More shells are needed for planting in public oyster growing grounds. Ways and
means of providing these shells for planting should be found. North Carolina's
oyster industry simply must have more shells if the oyster rehabilitation program is
carried on as it should be.
Catches of finfish during the biennium totaled 68,028,677 pounds, or 942,664
pounds over the catch for the 1958-60 biennium. Value to fishermen of the finfish
catch during the biennium was $3,989,542, or $348,054 more of what it was
during the preceding biennium.
Principal catches of finfish were of croakers, flounders, herring, king whiting,
mullet, gray trout, spots, sea bass, shad, bluefish, and catfish.
Catches of menhaden dropped considerably under those made during the 1958-60
biennium. The number of menhaden caught during the 1960-62 biennium totaled
639,460,300 for a value to fishermen of $4,669,977 as compared with 734,946,129
caught during the preceding biennium for a value to fishermen of $6,971,074.
Several of the menhaden plants were forced to suspend operations the fall and
winter season of 1960-61 because of heavy importations of cheap fish meal from
Peru and other foreign countries. However, this condition improved during the
1 961 -62 season.
North Carolina, along with other shrimp-producing states, had a poor shrimp
season in 1961 when decreases from 50 to 60 per cent in the catch were common.
However, the 1962 production of shrimp in State waters was the best since 1957 and
prices received by those who caught them were the best in the history of the
shrimp industry in the State. Some shrimp brought as much as $.90 per pound with
heads off. They were of excellent quality.
One of the brightest spots in the State's commercial fishing industry is in the
production and catching of hard blue crabs. A total of 23,461,875 pounds of hard
blue crabs were taken during the biennium as compared with 22, 871,315 pounds
caught during the preceding biennium.
Production of oysters showed a decrease as compared with the preceding biennium.
This decrease was largely due to hurricanes and too much fresh water being forced
into oyster-growing areas. The price and quality of the oysters taken during the
biennium were excellent.
The total value to fishermen of all shellfish produced during the biennium was
$5,481,399, an increase of $642,067 over the preceding biennium.
17
Total value to fishermen of food finfish and shellfish during the biennium was
$9,470,941 as compared with $8,480,820 during the 1958-60 biennium. How-ever,
the decreased catch of menhaden brought the overall total value to fishermen
of all catches under that for the preceding biennium.
Strict enforcement of all rules and regulations and statutory laws governing com-mercial
fishing was continued during the biennium. Arrests for various infractions
of fishing laws during the two-year period totaled 577.
Of increasing importance to the work of the Division of Commercial Fisheries is
the assistance provided by the Institute of Fisheries Research, a unit of the Uni-versity
of North Carolina. Located next to the headquarters of the Division in
Morehead City and under the able direction of Dr. A. F. Chestnut, the Institute's
staff carries on varied studies designed to improve the commercial fishing industry.
Included are studies on the trash fish industry, a survey of the salt water fishing
activities in the State, a shrimp sampling project and study to ascertain more in-formation
on the movement of shrimp, a clam study, and a pilot shell dredging
operation in Albemarle Sound to determine whether the taking of dead oyster shells
in designated areas would adversely affect the fish and wildlife inhabiting the area.
The work of N. McK. Caldwell, supervisor. Sanitation Section of the Sanitary
Engineering Division of the State Board of Health, and his assistants hove been of
increasing importance in North Carolina's shellfish getting a high sanitation rating.
An official appraisal of the shellfish sanitation program in North Carolina for the
1961-62 fiscal year by the U. S. Public Health Service was mode and a rating of
94.6 per cent given North Carolina shellfish.
Three sanitarians and a full-time bacteriologist are assigned by the State Board
of Health in administering the certification responsibilities of the cooperative shell-fish
sanitation program.
The yearly averages of certificates of inspection issued to approved shellfish dealers
during the biennium were: shellstock dealers, 75; shucking plants, 65; and crustecea
meat plants, 21. There were 3,056 sanitary inspections miode of these plants and the
bacteriological laboratory examined 1,679 samples of shellfish and shellfish grow-ing
waters.
As a result of several outbreaks of infectious diseases in other states in which
polluted shellfish were involved, the U. S. Public Health Service has cautioned all
shellfish producing states to reappraise their surveillance of shellfish growing areas.
Approval can be given only to those growing areas for shellfish harvesting that are
proven to be free of actual or potential pollution. This will greatly increase the work
of Mr. Caldwell and his staff.
During the biennium sanitary surveys and bacteriological studies were mode of
shellfish growing waters in Lockwood Folly River, Myrtle Sound, Middle Sound, Stump
Sound, New River, White Oak River, Bogue Sound, Newport River, Back Sound,
Nelson Boy, Silver Lake, and Stumpy Point Bay.
18
KIND, QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH TAKEN IN
WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA
For the period July 1, 1960 to June 30, 1962
Kinds of Fish No. Pounds Value to Fishermen
Bluefish 1,450,528
Butterfish 541,158
Cabio 32,819
Carp 305, ObO
Catfish 2,174,006
Croakers 3,753,885
Black Drum 227,952
Red Drum 182,334
Eels 1 12,347
Flounders 3,722,797
Grouper 576
Grunts 3,872
Harvestfish 77,041
Herring, Thread 4,127,870
Herring 26,250,951
Hickory Shad 446,413
Jewfish 704
King Mackerel 94,838
King Whiting 2,940 297
Mackerel, Boston 22,161
Mullet 5,048,472
Piqfish 354,233
Pike or Pickerel 73
Pompano 13,090
Sand Perch 28,970
Scup or Porgy 583,069
Sea Bass 1,815,319
Grey Trout 4,731,675
Spotted Trout 332,960
Shad 1 ,437,945
Sharks 4,871
Sheephead 2l'448
Red Snapper 7'902
Spade Fish 5,218
Spanish Mackerel 259,492
Spot 4, 706 J 48
Striped Bass 1,280,521
Sturgeon 88,526
Swellfish 637,988
Tilefish 389
Tunc 896
White Perch 672 683
Whiting 2,835
Yellow Perch 87,909
To'-al of Food Fin Fish 69,028,677
Menhaden (No. of Fish^ 639,460,300
i 174,063
43,293
1,969
9,152
173,920
300,31 1
13,677
18,233
4,494
446,736
40
232
6,163
44,994
262,510
26,785
42
17,071
294,030
3,324
403,878
14,168
9
3,927
869
46,646
217,838
378,534
99,888
359,486
487
1,716
2,213
313
38,924
282,369
192,078
13,279
19,140
31
54
67,268
1 13
5,275
.3,989,542
4,669,977
8,659,519
Oysters 362,451
Clams 94,187
Soft Shell Crabs 28,341
Escallops 22 712
Hard Crabs 23,461,875
Shrimp 4,235,778
SHELLFISH
(Bu. tubs) 5 pk.
(Bushels)
(Dozen)
(Gallons)
(Pounds)
(Pounds, heads off)
1,244,871
313,205
67,085
1 14,196
1,159,142
2,573,803
Snapping Turtles
Squid
Octopus
Value of Fin Fish
Total Value of Shellfish
Total Value of Water Products
$ 6,101
2,852
144
$ 5,481,399
8,659,519
$14,140,918
19
COMMUNITY PLANNING
COMMUNITY PLANNING
The primary function of the Division of Community Planning is to provide towns,
cities and counties with the technical assistance needed for the solution of their
physical, social and economic problems through planning. Assistance is given in the
development of plans for land use, streets, parking, central business districts, parks,
recreation, schools, and other community facilities; in drafting zoning and ordinances,
subdivision regulations and other legal tools needed for the implementation of plans;
in studies of population, fiscal conditions and economy; and, in the provision of
continuing technical assistance needed by municipal and county officials as they
attempt to carry out the recommedations of comprehensive community plans.
THE NEED FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING
The need for sound community planning is evident in our growing traffic conges-tion,
the deterioration of residential areas by improperly located commercial or in-dustrial
activities, the cancerous growth of slum and blighted conditions, the decline
of the central business districts, the rapidly increasing cost of municipal services, and
the inadequate provision of land for parks, schools and other public uses. The great
majority of North Carolina communities, like most American communities, have
grown without the benefit of adequate plans to guide development. Fortunately,
North Carolina is still a State of small communities and we can avoid the tragic and
costly mistakes which have been mode in the large metropolitan concentrations in
other sections of the country.
Few States contain so many small incorporated places or have more population
living in communities of under 50,000 persons. These communities are one of North
Carolina's great assets and they are becoming increasingly attractive to people,
business and industry now located in overcrowded metropolitan centers. At the
present time, there are 415 incorporated communities in North Carolina. According
to the 1960 Census, 210 of these communities, or approximately one-half, had
populations in excess of 1,000 persons; 59 communities had populations in excess
of 5,000 persons, and only seven municipalities hod populations in excess of 50,000
persons. While the typical North Carolina municipality is small, it is also experiencing
a rapid rate of growth. Between 1950 and 1960, almost 90 percent of North Caro-lina's
total population increase took place in the 210 communities having popula-tions
of more than 1,000 persons. During the past decade, the combined populations
of these communities increased 29.8 percent while the population of the remainder
of the State increased only 1.3 percent.
DIVISION'S PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY TO SMALL COMMUNITIES
The seven municipalities in North Carolina, having populations of more than
50,000 persons, have created planning departments staffed with professional plan-ning
personnel to assist in the increasing problems of urban growth. The smaller
towns and cities do not have the financial resources to employ full time professional
planning staffs although their planning needs ore not less acute than those of their
larger neighbors. Therefore, the Division maintains a trained staff which provides
professional planning services to the smaller towns, cities and counties at a reasonable
cost. Individual staff members of the Division may work with several communities,
thus, reducing the overall planning costs for the individual community far below
that which would be incurred if they employed their own full time planning staffs.
FEDERAL PLANNING GRANTS TO MUNICIPALITIES AND COUNTIES
HAVING POPULATIONS OF LESS THAN 50,000 PERSONS
The Division of Community Planning has been authorized to act in behalf of towns,
cities and counties in obtaining Federal planning grants covering up to 60 percent
20
of the cost of certain eligible planning projects. These Federal planning grants are
not made directly to the local government but are made to an authorized state plan-ning
agency. The towns, cities or counties receiving aid from the planning grants
also pay their share of the planning costs to the state planning agency. The state
planning agency, which in North Carolina is the Division of Community Planning,
is then responsible for the expenditure of the Federal and local funds and for the
provisoin of adequate planning services to participating local governments. These
Federal planning grants, authorized under Section 701 of the Federal Act of 1954,
as amended, are available to aid in the cost of: (1) making studies of population,
economy, land use and traffic; (2) preparing long-range plans for future land use,
thoroughfares, central business districts, schools, parks, recreation and other com-munity
facilities; (3) preparing related ordinances such as zoning and subdivision
regulations; and (4) preparing public improvement programs establishing the priority
of need for the various public improvements proposed in the long-range plans.
AREA PLANNING OFFICES AND RESIDENT PLANNERS
The individual small towns or city cannot support the cost of maintaining its own
professional planning staff but by pooling its resources with those of neighboring
communities, a joint planning staff can be financially supported. In order to en-courage
the smaller towns and cities to initiate and support effective planning pro-grams,
the Division of Community Planning will establish Area Planning Offices staf-fed
with professional planning personnel to provide assistance to any community or
group of communities agreeing to pay for the cost incurred. These Area Planning
staffs would act for the smaller communities in much the same manner as the
planning departments in the larger municipalities. They would be available to pro-vide
continuing planning assistance to the smaller municipalities, not only to assist
in the preparation of plans but also to provide technical assistance needed by
municipal officials for the solution of day-to-day problems affecting the physical
development of the community. The establishment of Area Planning Offices is the
result of an increasing realization among municipal officials that planning should
be a permanent function of local government. This is especially true in periods of
rapid urban change and growth. The completion of a comprehensive plan provides
the framework for decisions about the desirable development of the community, based
upon the best available knowledge of population growth, economic potential, and
land use trends within the community. But the plans have little value unless a con-tinuing
community planning program is maintained to insure that decisions affecting
the physical developmet of the community are made within the framework of the
plans and within the financial capacity of the community. Since many technical
questions are involved, municipal officials need professional planning assistance
available to them on a continuing basis. Such assistance will be available to those
towns, cities, and counties who share in the financial support of the Area Planning
Offices of the Division.
The Division has established and staffed three Area Planning Offices and more
may be added in the future to meet expanding demands for planning assistance.
The three existing offices are located in Kinston, Salisbury and Raleigh. Each of these
offices is staffed with competently trained planners, draftsman, and other specialists
and personnel as needed. The Division will also moke resident planners available to
individual communities, or to two or three neighboring communities. The resident
planner will reside in the community being served and provide close assistance to
the local planning board and other public officials. When the resident planner is
confronted with unusual problems or needs the services of specialists, he may call
on other members of the Division's staff for assistance. The smaller communities and
counties throughout the State, by making use of the Division's area planning offices
or resident staffs, can obtain a highly professional and well rounded planning service
at a moderate cost.
COMMUNITIES RECEIVING PLANNING ASSISTANCE
Between 1958 and 1962, the Division provided planning assistance to eighty-five
municipalities and fourteen counties. The average size of the municipalities is
21
approximately 8,000 persons. Of all communities which have received assistance,
56 percent had populations of less than 5,000 persons, 18 percent had populations
between 5,000 and 10,000 persons, 15 percent had populations between
10,001 and 20,000 persons, and 10 percent had populations between
20,001 and 50,000 persons. The locations of the communities being served is
fairly evenly distributed throughout the State. The largest county being served by
the Division is Halifax with a population of 58,956 persons and the smallest is
Dare with a population of 5,935 persons.
22
FORESTRY
The General Statutes of North Carolina assign broad responsibilities and authority
to the Forestry Division on 18 million acres of forest land as indicated by the follow-ing
quotation from the law "have charge of the work of forest maintenance, forest
fire prevention, reforestation, and the protection of lands and water supplies by the
preservation of forests, etc." In addition to the broad outline of responsibilities and
authority, there are specific authorizations including "to arrange for and accept
such aid and cooperation from the several United States Government Bureaus and
other sources as may assist in carrying out the objectives of the Department." The
Forestry Division, or more comm.only called the State Forest Service, in carrying out
its responsibilities under the low, has the following programs.
1. Forest Fire Control—This is a cooperative program with financial support from
the U. S. Forest Service and 92 counties in the State.
During the Biennium outstanding achievements were accomplished in the use of
tanker planes in coordination with the ground forces. Much training went into this
air and ground coordinated program. The system used by the Division is considered a
model for the South. This was attested to by the fact that the Southeastern Forest
Fire Compact Commission held its annual training session at the Kinston facility.
The two tanker planes have become an integral part of the fire fighting organization.
During the Spring of 1962 some 260 water and chemical drops were made, and in
a number of instances were successful in keeping fires in inaccessible areas to a
small acreage until the ground forces could arrive.
The Kinston facility, a leased portion of the Stallings Air Base, is the headquarters
for the Region I heavy equipment and planes. It also serves as a statewide training
center with barracks, mess hall and class rooms. This is a program of the Division
indicating considerable progress.
2. Forest Management Advice and Service—The employment by the Division of
77 graduate foresters, 1 1 forestry aides and intensive forestry training of forest
rangers has accelerated the amount of forest management advice and service avail-able
to forest landowners of the State. Despite an increase in services available, an
overage of 1,000 requests have been awaiting attention at all times during the
Biennium. This is a reduction in this category from 2,500 during the lost Biennium.
The services available consist of assistance in reforestation, forest management plans,
tree marking of forest products for sale and marketing of marked trees.
3. Forest Tree Nurseries and Reforestation—The distribution from the four forest
tree nurseries showed a marked decrease during the Biennium, primarily due to the
termination of the Soil Bank Program. The total distribution for the two planting sea-sons
was 1 1 1 million tree seedlings and transplants. An intensive sales promotion
campaign was inaugurated and undoubtedly was of material assistance in landowner
participation in the reforestation program.
4. Information and Education-—There is available considerable literature on forestry,
most of which is free upon request to the Information Officer of the Department.
This literature is particularly valuable to teachers, pupils, etc.
5. Administration of State Forests—Thus far. the State owns and operates only
one State Forest, the 35,000 acre Bladen Lakes State Forest in Bladen County. It
is administered by the Division and is an excellent example of the management of
low value land under good forestry practices. Since 1939 when the State obtained
control of this sub-marginal agricultural area, the Division of Forestry has operated
the property as a forest unit and increased its book value at least sevenfold.
6. Forest Insect and Disease Control—Insect control projects for the balsam woolly
aphid in the Mount Mitchell area and the southern pine beetle in Dare County were
carried out. Disease control projects were continued in combating the oak wilt and
white pine blister rust diseases in western North Carolina. As this report period
ends, a very serious southern pine beetle epidemic looms in the Central Piedmont
area of the State.
7. Small Watershed Program—In cooperation with the U. S. Forest Service end
the Soil Conservation Service under P. L. 566, the Division employs three Watershed
Foresters on three small watershed projects. This program is expanding rapidly and
the Division's activities will be increased as more projects are activated.
23
FOREST FIRE CONTROL
Material progress has been made in reducing the forest fire losses in North
Carolina including the so-called ground burning area which embraces approximately
two million acres in the Coastal Plain. Forest fires in this particular type are ex-tremely
difficult to extinguish under dry conditions due to the ground cover and
inaccessibility. This is the most difficult forest fire problem in North Carolina.
Two large forest fires occurred in this ground burning area, one burning 8,000
acres in the Spring of 1961 and the other burning 3,000 acres in the Spring of
1962. The 8,000 acre fire was the largest that occurred during the period of this
report, and was in the inaccessible area west of Gum Neck in Tyrrell County. The
3,000 acre fire in the Spring of 1960 was in the Pantego Swamp just east of
Pantego. This is also a dense forest and an inaccessible area.
During the Spring of 1961 a 3,000 acre fire occurred in the southeast section of
Bladen County in the area southeast of White Lake.
Another serious fire occurred in Richmond and Scotland Counties during late
April of 1962 and burned about 2,500 acres, in the area a few miles east of Ham-let.
All four of these major fires burned under highly explosive fire weather conditions
end three of them required the use of water dropping planes to bring them under
control. Excellent cooperation was received from Industrial, Development, and
Private landowners and the Prison and Highway Departments, in the suppression of
these major fires.
In late April of 1962 a forest fire occurred in Rutherford County, under highly
explosive fire weather conditions and burned a total of 1,200 acres before it could
be brought under control. This fire trapped and killed a sawmill worker who walked
back into the fire, against the advice of his partner, to get a lunch box and chain
saw and apparently "panicked" as reportably, avenues of escape did exist. Con-siderable
assistance was rendered on this fire by Rural and Municipal fire depart-ments.
Progress has been made on basic and equipment development research in the
ground burning coastal area under cooperative arrangements with the U. S. Forest
Service and Forest Industry. A primary percentage of the area burned in the State
is usually accounted for by a few large fires in this difficult area.
The Forestry Division continued the operation of two water dropping planes which
proved to be of great value in the suppression of high intensity fires, and small
fires in isolated locations. It was necessary to replace one of these water dropping
planes (military conversions) with a new commercial water dropping plane due to
aluminum corrosion and other depreciation. Efforts are now being mode to replace
the remaining military type water dropping plane with a new commercial plane of
the same type, due to aluminum corrosion on primary structural parts and general
depreciation.
The Federal Government, under the provisions of the Clarke-McNary Law, con-tinues
its financial cooperation with the State. The amount of Federal funds made
available to the State under this law depends primarily on the State Appropriation
for Forest Fire Control and the State maintaining its relative position with other
States in appropriation for Forest Fire Control. A reduction in Federal allotment to
this State for the 1962-63 Fiscal Year resulted from failure of this State to maintain
its relative position with other States in Forest Fire appropriations.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
The State is organized into four Forestry Regions, those being the Lower Coastal,
Upper Coastal, Piedmont and Mountains. All but the Mountain region has a Regional
Forester in charge who supervises four District Forest field supervisory Districts in
the Lower and Upper Coastal Plain Regions and two in the Piedmont Region. The
three Mountain Districts having no Regional Forester work directly under the Ra-leigh
Office. Each of the 13 District Forest field supervisory offices is in charge of a
District Forester who supervises the work in the area of from about 1 to 2 million
acres of timberland involving from 4 to 1 counties depending on size. The District
Foresters have 1-4 supervisory assistants. There were 92 counties cooperating with
the Forestry Division as of June 30, 1962,
24
STATE PLANS
The State Forest Fire Plan for large project fires, involving cooperation with the
Highway and Prison Departments, other State Departments, Marine Corps at Camp
LeJeune, industrial and other forest landowners was used on two project fires with
excellent cooperation and results.
Training Schools in large fire organization and suppression have been held each
year in the Lower Coastal Region in cooperation with Forest Industry, other land-owners
and the Marine Corps. A cooperative fire suppression agreement with the
Marine Corps is a part of the above mentioned State Fire Plan. In addition, similar
training schools in large fire operations have been held in the Piedmont Region in
cooperation with the numerous Rural Fire Departments.
The 1962 annual training school for the Southeastern States Forest Fire Compact
Commission, involving ten Southeastern States, was held at Kinston in August of
1962 with attendance from all but one of the ten States.
A Rural Fire Defense Plan has been completed in cooperation with State Civil
Defense and the U. S. Forest Service to provide for the coordinated use of the man
power and equipment resources of Federal land protection agencies and the State
Forestry Division in case of enemy attack or natural disasters. The State Forester is
Chairman of the Rural Fire Defense Committee and will operate under the over-all
direction of the Director of State Civil Defense under such conditions.
COUNTY COOPERATION
Work has been continued in financial cooperation with the 92 counties under
forest fire control, such work being based on the County as a unit. This form of
cooperation has met widespread support from the various counties. The Department
cooperates with the various counties on the basis of their ability to pay as indicated
by each County's taxable wealth. The counties pay from 25'7f to 409^ of the total
cost of fire protection within the county.
As of June 30, 1962 there were eight counties representing about 1,080,900
forest acres in the State still without any organized form of forest fire protection.
PRIVATE COOPERATION
Financial cooperation was continued with private forest owners who agree to pay
an annual amount which is used to supplement other available funds to provide more
intensified fire protection to their lands.
DETECTION SYSTEM
The Forestry Division now operates 144 fire lookout towers and Federal land
ownership agencies operate an additional 42 such towers in cooperation with the
Forestry Division for reporting forest fires. The Division also operates six State-owned
reconnaissance airplanes which supplement the tower network in periods of
unfavorable visibility and these planes aid the ground crews by giving directions,
fire progress and locations. Another valuable service is the parachuting of food,
drinking water, coffee and small items of supplies to the crews.
FORESTRY DIVISION COMMUNICATIONS
Currently there are 1 52 fixed stations, 470 mobile and 67 portable two-way com-munications
radios in operation by the Forestry Division along with a considerable
mileage of telephone line. Most of the fixed station radios are in lookout towers and
District Offices and the mobile radios are on pick-up trucks, jeeps, larger trucks,
station wagons, and other fire suppression vehicles.
PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS
A new District Headquarters site for the Fairfield District was purchased and a
part of a combination workshop and warehouse building was constructed together
with a deep well and water system in 1 96 1 . A small building covering the well, pump
and storage tank was constructed on this site in 1962. Improvement of drainage and
considerable filling in was necessary.
A 100' radio antenna tower was erected on this site and a large gasoline tank
and pump were installed, both in 1961.
25
Facilities for an aircraft operations and maintenance base, a large fire heavy
equipment maintenance headquarters and a training center were rented at the
Kinston Municipal Airport (Stallings Field) under a formal lease beginning January
1, 1962 and renewable annually for five years. These facilities consist of a large
aircraft hangar, a paint shop hangar building, a combination workshop and storage
building; and, classroom, mess hall and barracks buildings for the training center.
Use of the aircraft runways is included in the lease. The rental of these facilities
fills several acute needs and makes a satisfactory headquarters facility for the
above activities.
The Rose Hill and Chinquapin lookout tower sites in Duplin County, formerly
under lease, expiring in 1961, were purchased in the Summer of 1961 and are now
State Property.
Negotiations were started with landowners on a number of other tower sites
(under expiring leases) toward purchase of the sites prior to lease expiration and
plans were made to continue the acquisition of these tower sites as required.
On May 10, 1962, lightning struck one of the two main warehouse buildings at
Whiteville about 2:00 A.M. and burned it completely before the fire could be ex-tinguished.
It was an old Civilian Conservation Corps barracks building; and, the
State insurance was not sufficient to replace it with a permanent building.
FOREST FIRE STATISTICS
The forest fire statistics for the past four years are shown in the statistical chart.
In evaluating these statistics, the following factors must be kept in mind:
1. Climatic conditions are all important in the actual suppression of forest fires.
2. Funds available represented only a little over one-half the amount needed
for adequate protection.
CONCLUSION
During the Biennium, major forest fires were controlled at considerably less
acreage than in the previous Biennium reflecting the impact of more thorough or-ganization,
training and preparation for such fires. Cooperation from all State and
Federal agencies, landowners and the general public are indicative of the real progress
made in Forest Fire Prevention and Control.
FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR STATE PROTECTED AREAS BY CALENDAR YEARS
1958 1959 1960 1961
Area under Protection-
Number of Fires
Causes of Fires
1
Campers and Hunters
2. Debris Burning
3. Incendiary
4. Lightning
5. Lumbering
6. Railroads
7. Smokers
8. Miscellaneous
Total
Area Burned;
Forest Land
Open Land
Total
Damage:
Forest Land
Other
Acres 16,810,,220000 17,209,600 17,276,800 17,279,400
,467 3,047 3,002 3,417
440 208 307 408
785 1,185 990 1,075
324 396 489 573
20 43 34 18
37 59 61 47
87 70 114 80
473 618 525 617
301 468 482 599
2,467
46,921
5,822
52,743
287,427
26,454
Total $ 313,881
Law Enforcement:
Number of Fires Resulting
in Low Enforcement Action 141
Finances—Fiscal Year: 1958-59
Appropriations by Counties $ 333,927
Appropriations by Private Owners 33,145
Appropriations by State 825,114
Rentals from Employees 6,400
Appropriations by Federal Government 310,500
Presuppression Fire Lines 4,700
Bladen Lakes State Forest 8,844
Miscellaneous -0-
Total $1,522,630
Available Funds:
Per Acre Protected 9.06 cents
3,047
78,837
6,367
$ 577,232
46,838
$ 624,070
3,002
71,733
4,650
76,317
$ 675,088
20,816
$ 695,904
3,417
53,374
5,419
58,793
$ 367,527
80,951
$ 448,478
326 200 245
1959-60 1960-61 1961-62
$ 341,698 $ 343,863 $ 379,058
31,998 30,183 31,644
987,916 991,369 1,332,008
8,548 8,893 8,844
31 1,600 311,057 438,025
4,700 2,508 2,682
8,844 8,844 8,844
-0- T 594
,697,31 1
639
$1,695,304 $2,201,744
9.85 cents 9.82 cents 12.74 cents
26
FOREST MANAGEMENT
The growing of forest products continues to be the predominant form of land use
in North Carolina. Over 19 million acres, 62% of the total land area, is presently
growing trees. Wood, or wood fibre is the basic raw material for more than 45%
of the State's manufacturing establishments. They are located in every county of
the State and for over 300 years have been a major source of steady employment
for citizens in all sections of the State. Investments in wood using industries are
second only to the textile industry in the State economy.
North Carolina, with 4% of the nation's commercial forest area, currently sup-plies
5% of the total annual cut and produces 6% of the annual growth of the
nation. Yellow pine sawtimber and pulpwood are the preferred raw materials for
most of the forest industries in and adjacent to North Carolina. Hardwoods account
for more than 1/3 of the forest products harvested in the State. The use of hard-wood
pulpwood by the pulp and paper mills is increasing.
The State has enough forest land of high productive capacity to easily meet
the anticipated demands of a rapidly expanding population. Growing increased
quantities of timber, however, without regard to quality, or species, will not neces-sarily
meet present or future needs.
The last inventory of the State's forest resources shows that growth exceeds cut
for all important species groups. Much of this inventory however consisted of timber
the forest industries cannot use.
The furniture plants in North Carolina, in 1958, imported 55% of their domestic
lumber requirements because of a shortage of native hardwood suitable for the
high quality furniture for which the State is famous. The volume of, and the growing
space occupied by cull trees and low quality hardwood, has increased rapidly in
recent years.
The market for North Carolina's southern pine sawtimber is presently being threat-ened
by the well manufactured lumber from the virgin forests of the West Coast.
If North Carolina is to maintain its position as the largest producer of lumber in the
South and fifth in the nation, the quality of trees from which the lumber is pro-duced,
and the manufacturing, processing and grading of the lumber produced must
all be improved. Proximity to the Eastern industrial markets gives North Carolina
a distinct advantage over the other lumber producing states in the sale of quality
forest products.
The problem of the Forest Manager then is to grow trees of superior quality that
will produce the specific products which will be in demand some 20 to 60 years in
the future as well as those in current demand.
The pulp and paper industries are managing their forests for the production of
wood fibre of a specified quality. The National Forests and State Forests are man-aged
for maximum production of pulpwood and quality sawlogs.
The 222,000 farm woodland owners with forest holdings averaging 60 acres are
the key to future supplies of wood. These farmers own more than twice as much
forest land as do all others together, and their woodlands, because of exploitation
end neglect, are among the least productive. These lands offer the greatest need
and opportunity for improving the quality and supply of timber.
It is to the owners of these potentially highly productive but presently under-stocked
and unmanaged farm forests that the Division of Forestry offers professional
forestry services. The outstanding feature of this activity is that the private land-owner
is given in-the-woods advice and assistance on how best to manage and
market his timber.
When advice or assistance is requested, the forester mokes a thorough recon-naissance
of the farm forest to evaluate the present condition of the forest area and
to determine the capability of the soil to produce specific forest products. The forester
informs the landowner of these conditions and recommends a plan of action that
will maintain or increase the forest growth, and at the same time meet the needs
or limitations of the landowner.
Additional services include: Selecting, marking, and estimating the volumes in
trees ready for harvest; assistance in finding markets for and selling forest products;
elimination of cull trees, undesirable or unmerchantable species and restocking with
desirable species; assistance in preparing open fields, cut over or otherwise under-
27
stocked areas for natural regeneration or reforestation by planting; advice and as-sistance
in obtaining and planting forest tree seedlings.
The professional forestry services of the Division are now available to landowners
in every county in the State. The number of Service Foresters who devote all of their
efforts to giving forest management assistance was increased from twelve to sixteen
during the Biennium. Other foresters devote part of their time to this forest manage-ment
advice and assistance. The Division has inaugurated an intensive training pro-gram
in Forest Management for the non-technical personnel. These employees, par-ticularly
the County Forest Rangers, will be qualified to assist the farm woodland
owners in the mechanics of carrying out the Forest Management recommendations
of the technical foresters.
A nominal charge is made for the marking service. Landowners are charged at the
rate of 50('' per thousand board feet of sawtimber marked, 1 5^' per cord of pulp-wood
marked and 1 5(' per seed tree selected. No charge is made for the first 20,000
board feet or ten cords marked.
During the last fiscal year, over 18 million board feet of sawtimber and 16
thousand cords of pulpwood were marked for harvest by foresters of the Division.
Gross returns to landowners receiving assistance in marking and harvesting their
forest products during the fiscal year exceeded three quarters of a million dollars.
SUMMARY OF FORESTRY ASSISTANCE
Period During Biennium Total
1948-1960 1960-1962 to Date
No. of Examinations Made 15,319 4,134 19,453
Total Woodland Acres Examined 2,139,235 345,926 2,485,161
No. of Tracts Marked 5,442 1,183 6,625
Acreage Marked 127,916 17,229 145,145
Board Feet Marked 301,708,000 35,181,000 336,889,000
Cords Marked 128,624 25,567 154,191
Acres Given Planting Assistance 124,675 55,574 180,249
Applications Not Acted Upon 1,228 1,228
Requests for forestry advice or assistance not permitted by the Division's policy
are referred to independent Consulting Foresters or Industrial Foresters. During the
Biennium, 392 requests involving 56,320 acres were referred directly to these
private foresters. In addition, 202 projects, for which the Division's forester had
recommended timber marking, were referred to the Industrial Foresters or Consulting
Foresters for marking. They followed the marking recommendations made by the
N. C. Forest Service in marking 8,748,000 bd. ft. of sawtimber and 20,625 cords
of pulpwood.
INDUSTRIAL FORESTRY
The Division of Forestry is presently gathering field data to revise the publica-tion,
"Buyers of Forest Products In North Carolina". This listing of the persons
who are in the market for round forest products has received wide acceptance over
the past eight years with about 7,500 copies of two previous editions being dis-tributed.
In conjunction with this, a commodity drain survey is being conducted to aid
in the determination of the amount of cutting pressure on the forests of a given
area, down to the county level. This will give valuable information, on amount of
timber cut, which has never before been available on this level, to any appreciable
degree of accuracy. This commodity drain survey is being conducted by the Division
in the field, with the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station compiling, and pub-lishing
the information for North Carolina and several of the other Southeastern
States.
In line with the nationwide trend in the lumber industry, the decline in the
number of sawmills in North Carolina is continuing, with about a 40% reduction
in the number of operating mills over the past ten years. The recession of last year
forced many of the marginal operations to cease business and caused a considerable
reduction in production of lumber. Lumber production is down some 15 to 20% in
the past ten years with much of the loss in the past two or three years. The above
28
circumstances have tended to cause an, almost universal, modernization program
in the North Carolina sawmill industry. The remaining mills are almost all stable,
permanent operations which are a great economic asset to the areas in which they
are located.
Work along the lines of educoting the operators of forest products industries in
the values of forest management to assure their plants of a continuous supply of
raw material is continuing. The raw materials which the forests of North Carolina
supply are being utilized to a fuller extent than ever before. The installation of
additional utilization equipment has continued. An increase in the use of, solid
wood, mill waste has increased from almost none ten years ago to over 1,000,000
tons in 1961, for pulp chips alone. In addition to this use, there is some waste
used for particle board to bring the total used to at least 65% of the total solid
wood and a much higher percentage of the economically available supply. This
waste material brings at least $7,000,000 in revenue to mills.
A major project of the Division, which will be of great assistance to the wood
using industry, is the gathering of field measurements for data to be used in com-puting
a tree volume table. This table will be based on total cubic feet of volume
with conversion back to any unit of measure desired and any degree of utilization
which applies for the product and area. The figures to come out of this work will
apply specifically to North Carolina forests. The cubic volume concept is gaining
strength throughout the United States because of its increased accuracy and the
very important factor of ready conversion to any unit of measure wished; such as,
any desired present log rule, weight, finished product, or cords. This type measure-ment
has the ability to be adapted to the different degrees of utilization found
throughout North Carolina, with the wide variation jn conditions from the moun-tains
to the coast. The Division of Forestry of the North Carolina Department of
Conservation and Development is the first State forestry agent to go to this form
of volume computation which is recommended by the Society of American Foresters
as the best means to get some standard which can be universally used and accepted
by industry and foresters alike.
NURSERIES
The North Carolina Division of Forestry now operates four nurseries. These in-stallations
are located in Johnston, Wayne, Burke and Henderson Counties. They
have a combined capacity of 100 million seedlings annually.
An intensive forest tree seedling sales promotion campaign was inaugurated dur-ing
the Biennium with the employment of two qualified men to assist the field
forces in organizing television, radio and newspaper coverage, preparation of fair
exhibits and use of other educational media. Emphasis was placed on actual field
contact with landowners to inform them of the value of forest tree planting and
the proper methods of plantation establishment. This program was considered highly
successful and will be intensified and expanded.
Tree seedlings are sold at approximately the cost of production for windbreaks,
erosion control and reforestation at varying prices. The several species of pines,
which comprise most of the production, sells for $4.50 per thousand F.O.B.
nursery.
The following tabulation shows the distribution breakdown by species and co-operators.
The decline in nursery production is due to the termination of the Soil
Bank Program. Much of the forest tree planting is now in the conversion of low
grade stands to more valuable species.
29
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY SPECIES
Species 1958-59
Arizona Cypress -0-
Atlantic White Cedar 348,000
Cypress 1,950,487
Fraser Fir 282,500
Loblolly Pine 72,891,971
Longleaf Pine 1,720,935
Norway Spruce 42,500
Pond Pine 285,500
Red Cedar 350,891
Shortleaf Pine 1,090,150
Slash Pine 10.988,000
Virginia Pine 86,400
White Pine 6,881,422
Yellow Poplar 1,071,750
Scotch Pine -0-
Miscellaneous 7,050
Totals 97,997,556
1959-60 1960-61 1961-62
-0- 133,950 271,735
15,575 -0- 1,300
191,150 276,718 106,850
424,375 261,750 396,150
47,649,935 32,451,700 24,068,400
1,034,486 1,590,940 1,219,785
13,000 -0- -0-
56,100 223,900 188,950
484,850 -0- 626,810
593,200 293,300 203,300
24,087,250 21,718,720 9,971,010
90,900 106,100 180,300
7,777,600 9,019,100 5,731,275
581,000 808,300 538,550
-0- -0- 101,700
7,600 26,350 1 14,750
83,057,021 66,910,828 43,720,865
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST SEEDLINGS BY CLASS OF COOPERATORS
Number of Number of Number of Number of
Cooperators Trees Cooperotors Trees
Class of
Cooperafors Biennium 1960-1962 Cumulative Grand Total
Farmers 14,341 75,606,500 63,943 351,945,354
Industries 169 27,861,000 815 183,010,649
Schools 85 226,300 864 3,247,409
State 21 1,495,000 252 7,868,286
Clubs and Organizations 134 368,000 2,949 1,963,114
Municipalities" 34 1,267,000 152 11,917,124
Federal Agencies 20 2,692,000 143 18,605,117
Others 416 1 ,084,200 1,359 1 1,379,377
Totals 15,220 110,600,000 70,477 589,936,430
PUBLICATIONS
The tenth edition of "Common Forest Trees of North Carolina" was reprinted
in 1962. To date 85,000 copies of this publication have been distributed to school
teachers and pupils. One copy is given free to the teachers, pupils and others are
charged 20('' per copy.
The Division of Forestry in cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority pub-lished
a booklet entitled "Sawmills and Lumber Production For Twenty-Six Counties
in Western North Carolina". This publication contains the results of a comprehensive
survey of sawmill activity in lumber production in 26 counties in western North
Carolina for the calendar year 1958.
A brochure on the Bladen Lakes State Forest is available to show progress and
developments on this area. In cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority a
"Guide For Watershed Management—The Second Decade" was published for the
Town of Waynesville and others interested.
A pamphlet designed to assist forest landowners in marketing various products
entitled "Buyers of Forest Products in North Carolina" is available with distribution
limited to specific requests.
BLADEN LAKES STATE FOREST
The initial primary objectives of the State Forest were: To build up the growing
stock of forest products on the mismanaged and previously badly burned area; to
utilize all resources from the Forest in its development and expansion; and finally to
demonstrate that such an area could be made to more than pay its own way under
sound forest management techniques.
As these initial primary objectives became reality, the management has en-deavored
to expand the value of the State Forest, to the citizens of North Carolina
and the South, as a complete forestry demonstration,
30
Every effort is made to provide on area where interested persons can observe a
broad program of forest management including operating techniques, natural and
artificial regeneration techniques, site preparation techniques, logging, sawmill
pulpwood and fence post operations; silvicuitural techniques, road construction
techniques, methods of cost control, management control, etc. All of these opera-tions
are set up as model units and any interested person or group can view the
operating details and obtain cost estimates of same. These demonstrations are also
of great value in providing a training ground for our own Forestry Division employees;
in providing an area where extensive forestry demonstrations and ideas can be
developed in cooperation with other agencies, in providing a high degree of fire
protection, and finally and of utmost importance—in providing a means of produc-ing
a total annual income from such a young forest that will insure its survival as
a practical demonstration of the profession of forestry.
A variety of expansion and demonstrational activities are carried on—as examples,
in 1961-62 over 712,000 seedlings were planted on prepared sites; over 5,000
acres were control burned; three miles of new roads were constructed; over 230
acres of suppressed pine were released; several hundred persons were conducted on
field trips or on demonstrations of operational or silvicuitural activities; over 28 ex-perimental
projects, many in cooperation with North Carolina State College, were
installed or maintained; trained four student foresters
—
a valuable source of re-cruits
for the Division of Forestry; plus many lesser projects too numerous to mention.
Intensive fire prevention and protection activities have resulted in a record of no
forest fires of any consequence having occurred on the State Forest since April 1955.
The State Forest has been self-supporting since 1939 when responsibility for its
management was assumed by the N. C. Division of Forestry. The tables outlined
below will indicate the State Forest's source of income and will also indicate how
this income has increased annually.
For many years the Bladen Lakes State Forest has paid taxes to the County of
Bladen. Currently it is taxed by the county at the same rate as is other privately
owned property in the county. In 1961 these taxes amounted to S7,588.88.
While large sums are needed in the development and operation of so young a
Forest, each year some over $12,700 from State Forest receipts is turned over to
the Division of Forestry for other Division purposes.
RECEIPTS
BLADEN LAKES STATE FOREST
Fiscal Years 1960-61 and 1961-62
3,584,487 Board Feet Rough Green Lumber $228,905.29
200,081 Board Feet Logs 13,867.26
7,490.33 Cords Pulpwood 79,472.90
69.00 Cords Oak Wood Stumpage 70.23
633.64 Cords Rough Slabs 789.80
7,022 Tons Debarked Slabs 27,865.88
5,793 Pounds Charcoal 262.09
41,488 Treated Pine Posts 23,696.13
125,400 Handle Squares 586.70
10,000 Tobacco Sticks 50.00
25,000 Baling Sticks for Nurseries 74.85
10,650 Small Trees 639.00
Christmas Trees 1 56.94
Pine Straw 254.72
Custom Treating 1 ,220.73
Miscellaneous 1 69.32
Rentals and Sale of Equipment 4,636.73
$382,718.57
31
BELOW ARE OUTLINED THE YEARLY GROSS RECEIPTS
SINCE THE YEAR 1939
Year Amount
1939-40 $ 169.24
1940-41 1,092.57
1941-42 8,786.37
1942-43 16,761.72
1943-44 31,794.00
1944-45 41,848.13
1945-46 26,793.95
1946-47 32,038.56
1947-48 31,045.46
1948-49 52,597.53
1949-50 61,189.83
1950-51 93,013.21
1951-52 95,008.23
1952-53 85,735.81
1953-54 85,592.77
1954-55 95,388.02
1955-56 103,415.33
1956-57 106,850.65
1957-58 123,529.40
1958-59 173,024.78
1959-60 194,266.72
1960-61 183,290.28
1961-62 199,428.29
Total $1,842,660.85
FOREST INSECT & DISEASE CONTROL
Since 1953 the Forestry Division has been responsible for the control of forest
insects and diseases. This control, of course, is integrated into the over-all forestry
program, and is usually handled by the field foresters along with their other regular
work. Occasionally, however, epidemics occur which necessitate special action. When
these special projects are set up, the U. S. Forest Service is able to cooperate
financially under the U. S. Forest Pest Act of 1947. They finance from one-fourth
to one-half of the cost of this work, depending upon the individual project.
During the past two years we have been involved in insect projects on the south-ern
pine beetle and balsam woolly aphid. Disease projects have been oak wilt and
white pine blister rust control.
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE
In the Fall of 1960 the Division in cooperation with the U. S. Forest Service and
West Virginia Pulp & Paper Company set up a project for control of the southern
pine beetle in Dare County. Since practically all of the outbreak area belonged to
West Virginia Pulp & Paper Company, this company was willing to help in the cost
of control. This control work was completed during the Spring of 1961. Since that
time this insect has not been serious enough in this area to warrant control.
During mid Summer of 1962, the southern pine beetle was found to be building
up to serious proportions in the Central Piedmont area of this State. Mecklenburg
and Davidson Counties had upwards of 200 different spots each. These spots con-tained
from a few to several hundred infested pine trees. A few spots were also
found in the counties surrounding the above two counties. Because of the tremendous
reproductive capacity of this insect during the peak of the summer months, it was
decided to defer any type of chemical control efforts and setting up a special
project until the Fall season when the insect would become less mobile because of
cool weather. An all-out effort was made by the local foresters to contact each
landowner that had an insect problem and to give him advice for handling his own
situation.
BALSAM WOOLLY APHID
During the Summer of 1960 approximately 100 acres of the fir trees in Mount
Mitchell State Park were sprayed under contract. The chemical used in this operation
was a 2% miscible oil. This spray operation was based on information gained in a
pilot test which had been carried out the preceding year. It was found later that
32
this spray application did not obtain the desired results. In the Summer of 1961
a project was set up to test different insecticides on a large scale in order to
determine which would be most effective against the balsam woolly aphid. Approxi-mately
12 acres were sprayed. It was found that Benzene-Hexachloride was the
most efficient insecticide tested. Plans were then made, and in the Spring of 1962
the Division of State Parks purchased their own spray equipment and started the
spray application to control this insect. It should be pointed out, however, that
because of the great expense involved, that no effort is being made to protect all
of the State Park area and that this is merely an attempt to preserve some of the
fir trees in this area.
OAK WILT
There are encouraging results from the control activities which have been directed
against this disease over the past several years. During the period of this report
efforts were continued toward its control. These efforts consist of attempting to
locate each diseased tree by aerial survey. Each infected tree that is located is then
cut and sprayed with an insecticide-fungicide. This prevents insects from carrying the
disease organism to healthy trees. Oak wilt still is confined to five counties (Bun-combe,
Haywood, Madison, Swain and Jackson). Less than 100 trees were killed
by this disease during the Summer of 1962.
WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST
The work in the control of white pine blister rust primarily in northwestern North
Carolina continued during the past two years. All white pine plantations being
established in hazardous areas are being checked to prevent trees being planted
where they will later become diseased. Also surveys are made to locate natural stands
that hove become infected by this disease. Where control is needed, this work is
carried out. The landowner helps furnish labor for this control work.
OTHER PESTS
The elm spanworm has continued its defoliation of hardwood trees in south-western
North Carolina. The pine sawfly epidemic in the Northern Piedmont area
has subsided somewhat. Other sawfly outbreaks have occurred in lesser intensity.
Numerous other insects have presented special problems. Special control projects
were not justified in these coses because of economic and technical limitations. How-ever,
the landowners concerned were given what technical information was available
to prevent losses from these pests.
SMALL WATERSHED PROGRAM
The Division provided, through cooperative project agreements with the U. S.
Forest Service and also in cooperation with various Soil Conservation Districts,
technical forestry assistance on seven of the 18 P. L. 566 small watershed projects
approved for action.
The Division initiated the forestry phase of this program on October 1 5, 1 958,
on the Abbotts Creek Watershed. The Abbotts Creek project, originally paired with
Deep Creek; and the Mud Creek project, originally paired with Muddy Creek, were
both suspended on June 30, 1961.
A third Watershed Forester was employed upon the suspension of the Abbotts and
Mud Creek projects to provide a separate project forester for the Deep, Muddy, and
Town Fork Creek watershed projects. Federal funds were allotted to provide special
forestry technical assistance and critical area tree planting on only these three
projects. Therefore, Service Forester personnel were used to handle the forestry
phase on the Ahoskie, Bear, Cutawhiskie, and Grindle Creek watershd projects.
33
FORESTRY ACCOMPLISHMENTS ON P. L. 566 WATERSHED PROJECTS
Period During Blennium Total
1958-1960 1960-1961 To Date
No. Woodland Conservation Plans Prepared 91
No. Acres On Which Tech. Asst. Provided 5,041
No. Acres Marked for Hydrologic Stand Improvement .... 45
No. of Critically Eroded Acres Planted in Trees 141
Other Acres on Which Planting Asst. Given 292
Present plans call for the employnnent of additional Watershed Foresters to pro-vide
forestry technical assistance and reforestation assistance on at least five new
projects during the next Biennium. These projects will probably be the Conetoe
Creek, Crabtree Creek, French Broad River, Fourth Creek, and Mosely Creek-Trocey
Swamp watersheds.
265 356
4,392 19,433
782 827
307 448
854 1,146
34
MINERAL RESOURCES
The Division of Mineral Resources, which corresponds to the geological survey
of many states, is the official representative of the Department of Conservation
and Development in the fields of geology, mineral resources, mining and treatment
of minerals. As designated by State law, "It shall make such examination, survey
and mapping of the geology, mineralogy and topography of the State, including
their industrial and economic utilization as it may consider necessary". Its objective
is to improve the general welfare of North Carolina through a better understanding
and a wiser use of its geology, topography and mineral resources. The programs of
work and the services of the Division may be summarized as follows:—
1. The Division, through its own personnel and in cooperation with the United
States Geological Survey and other agencies, carries out systematic surveys on the
geology and mineral resources of specific areas which may be treated as units. Such
work includes detailed topographic and geologic mapping, systematic sampling,
petrographic study, and a general appraisal of the geology and mineral resources
of each area surveyed.
2. The Division carries out, in cooperation with various state and federal agencies
and industrial concerns, a wide range of mineral investigations restricted to the
study of a specific mineral or mineral resource. Individual deposits and prospects
are studied, mapped and sampled. Mineralogical and petrographic studies are car-ried
out and a general appraisal is made of each deposit and the resource as a
whole.
3. The Division cooperates with landowners, prospectors, small miners and citizens
of the State by identifying and reporting on specimens of rocks and minerals sent
in for identification. Also, upon request, mineral deposits are examined and informa-tion
furnished as to their value and uses when it appears that the furnishing of
such information will advance the general welfare of the State.
4. The office of the Division of Mineral Resources serves as a clearing house
for this information through the publication of bulletins, economic papers, informa-tion
circulars, and reports of investigation. These publications which have considerable
educational value are sold at nominal prices intended to cover the costs of printing.
GENERAL
Since 1958, North Carolina's mineral production has increased each year and
new record highs were set in 1960 and 1961. The 1960 value of minerals pro-duced
wos $45,096,000 or $3,445,000 greater than in 1954, the previous high
year. In 1961 minerals produced were valued at $50,126,000, which was $5,028,000
greater than in 1960, the previous high year. The biennium 1960-62 was the best
in the history of the State and the outlook for 1962-1964 appears to be equally
promising.
The principal minerals produced in the State in 1961 in order of value were (1)
stone, (2) sand and gravel, (3) copper, (4) mica, (5) tungsten, (6) feldspar and
(7) clays. North Carolina was first in the Nation in the production of lithium
minerals, feldspar, crushed granite, and sheet and scrap mica; second in olivine and
tungsten; and third in talc and pyrophyliite combined.
Non-metallic minerals continued to be the most important mineral products
and accounted for 86 percent of the 1961 total value. Stone, the principal mineral
product of the State increased 8 percent in both tonnage and value; crushed stone
production was up 1 percent in tonnage and value, whereas dimension stone de-creased
3 percent in quantity and value. Sand and gravel production increased 1 1
percent in tonnage and 14 percent in value; sand increasing 15 percent in tonnage
and 20 percent in value and gravel increasing 5 percent in tonnage and 9 percent
in value. Sheet mica decreased 9 percent in quantity but increased 45 percent in
value; scrap mica increased 13 percent in tonnage but declined 8 percent in value.
Crude feldspar, including flotation concentrates, decreased 7 percent in tonnage and
1 1 percent in value; ground feldspar decreased 3 percent in tonnage and 1 1 per-cent
in value. Total clay production increased 5 percent in tonnage and 7 percent
35
in value. Lithium ore (spodumene) production was considerably higher than in 1960,
tonnage increased 82 percent and value increased 26 percent. Both crude and ground
talc and pyrophyliite declined in tonnage and value for the second consecutive year.
Metals accounted for 14 percent of the total value of the State's mineral produc-tion
in 1961. Copper increased 14 percent in tonnage and 7 percent in value.
Tungsten Mining Company operated its mine and mil! continuously in 1961 for its
first full year of active production since 1957. As a result, tungsten production
was up more than 75 percent over 1960. By-product lead, gold and silver were
also recovered in considerably increased quantities.
The average annual mine value of minerals produced in North Carolina during
the biennium 1960-1962 was $47,562,000. If the values added by processing and
manufacturing mineral products from North Carolina minerals were added to the
mine value, it would give a total annual value of approximately $75,000,000.
If the mine value of the State's mineral production in 1961 were combined with
the value added by processing and manufacturing, and the value of stone and glass
products manufactured in the State from North Carolina minerals, it is conservatively
estimated that the value of the mineral industry to the State of North Carolina in
that year would be in excess of $125,000,000.
MINERAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS
A number of important developments took place in the mineral industry of
North Carolina during the biennium 1960-1962. Appalachian Sulphides, Inc., con-tinued
to operate successfully at the Ore Knob Mine in Ashe County. Early in 1962,
Appalachian Sulphides was acquired by Copper Range Company of New York and
an extensive drilling program to enlarge the reserves of copper and other sulphides
was begun. The copper concentrates from the Ore Knob mine are now being shipped
to the White Pine Company of northern Michigan. The Tennessee Copper Company
took over the Silver Hill mine in Davidson County in 1959 and after extensive
explorations and shaft sinking in 1960 and 1961 abandoned the mine due to the
failure to discover workable reserves of lead, silver and zinc on the property.
The Tungsten Mining Corporation, a Division of Howe Sound Company, reactivated
its Homme Tungsten Mine in Vance County on April 1, 1960. Numerous improve-ments
and innovations have been made in the mining operations and the mine has
been operating at capacity since January 1, 1961. The Cranberry Magnetite Cor-poration
has continued exploration work and improved its facilities at the Cranberry
Magnetite Mine in Avery County and is now shipping small amounts of iron ore.
There was continued activity in the lithium industry of the State. Texas Gulf Sulphur
Company, after some exploration, dropped its option on the (spodumene) lithium
property of Basic Atomics, Inc., but both Foote Mineral Company and Lithium Cor-poration
of America continued to make expansions and improvements at their
North Carolina plants. Foote Mineral Company improved grinding methods and
moved a grinding plant from Cold River, New Hampshire to Kings Mountain. In
1961 the production of spodumene (lithium ore) increased 82 percent in tonnage
and 26 percent in value.
Wiseman Mining Company completed an olivine processing plant in Yancey
County and in 1961 the production of olivine from Jackson County, where Harbison-
Walker Refractories Company operates an olivine mine, and Yancey County in-creased
56 percent in tonnage and 77 percent in value. Scrap mica, used for pro-ducing
ground mica, continued to be of major importance and the production in-creased
from 47,000 tons in 1960 to 54,000 tons in 1961, but the price declined
8 percent. The production of sheet mica declined from 430,193 pounds in 1960 to
390,870 pounds in 1961, but the value increased 45 percent. Production of sheet
mica continued at about the 1961 rate through June 30, 1962 when the General
Services Administration closed its Mica Purchasing Depot at Spruce Pine. There were
no major developments in the feldspar industry and North Carolina continued to be
the leading producer. However, crude feldspar, including flotation concentrates,
decreased 7 percent in tonnage and 1 1 percent in value in 1961, the average value
decreasing from $10.27 to $9.83 per long ton. Ground feldspar decreased 3 percent
in tonnage and 1 1 percent in value.
Clays and shales used in the manufacture of brick, sewer pipe, tile and light-weight
aggregate continued to be of major importance and increased 5 percent in
36
tonnage and 8 percent in value in 1961. Kaolin increased 1 1 percent in tonnage and
4 percent in value. Three plants are producing lightweight aggregate in North Caro-lina,
while a plant located at Leaksville Junction in Virginia is supplied with clay
from Rockingham County, North Carolina. Triangle Brick Company put a new
plant into operation near Durham; Boren Clay Products built a new plant at
Pleasant Garden; Cunningham Brick Company expanded its Thomasville plant; and
Cherokee Brick Company increased the capacity of its Moncure plant. Currently,
North Carolina is producing one of three brick manufactured in the southeast, one
of ten in the Nation and ranks third in the Nation in the production of heavy clay
products.
Stone which is North Carolina's principal mineral product increased 8 percent
both in tonnage and value. Crushed stone production was up 10 percent in tonnage
and value, while dimension stone decreased 3 percent in quantity and value.
Superior Stone Company which had over 30 operations in North Carolina became a
Division of Martin-Marietta Corporation, which was formed on October 10, 1961, by
the Consolidation of American-Marietta Company and the Martin Company of
Baltimore, Maryland.
OIL EXPLORATIONS MADE
On October 12, 1960 a lease was granted to Roderick A. Stamey of Houston,
Texas, to explore for oil, gas and sulphur beneath the State-owned bottoms of
sounds, rivers and creeks of southeastern North Carolina, southwest of a line from
New Bern to Beaufort. The lease was made for a two-year period with automatic
extension for another two-year period, provided 12,000 feet of hole were drilled
for oil, gas and sulphur during the first two-year period. By the same token, the lease
may be extended two years at a time for a period not to exceed 25 years. In the
spring of 1961, this lease was assigned to Atlantic Coast Explorations, Inc. As of
June 30, 1962 no drilling had been started under this lease. Coastal Plains Oil
Company, which now holds the lease granted to J. E. Fitz-Potrick on October 28,
1957, drilled three wells totaling 14,618 feet of hole in Carteret County in August,
September and October 1961. This drilling renewed the lease to October 28, 1963.
Ideal Cement Company which acquired Voluntee Cement Company of Knoxville,
Tennessee in 1959, transferred the interest in cement materials from the vicinity of
Maple Hill, Pender County to the vicinity of Castle Hoyne, New Hanover County
and announced plans to construct a 3.5 million barrel annual capacity cement plant
near Castle Hayne. As of June 30, 1962 a cement distribution terminal had been
completed at Wilmington. Storage silos and loading docks had been completed at
the plant site on the Northeast Cape Fear River and the plant and an office building
were under construction. Production is planned for July 1963.
The most important developments in the mineral industry of North Carolina
during the biennium 1960-1962 took place in the phosphate deposits of Beaufort
County, where large reserves of phosphate ore hove been established. Between
June 1, 1960 and January 30, 1961, A. L. Nash, Jr., of Concord, carried out three
experimental attempts to mine phosphate in Beaufort County. These experiments
created new interest in the deposits. About the middle of 1961, Texas Gulf Sulphur
Company became interested in the area and began acquiring land and planning
exploration programs. Later in the year. Magnet Cove Barium Corporation, one of
the Dresser Industries, and Bear Creek Mining Company of Kennecott Copper Cor-poration
became interested in the area. Each of these companies approached the
Department of Conservation and Development and requested leases on phosphate
deposits beneath the bottoms of Pamlico and Pungo rivers which run through the
heart of the phosphate area. At a meeting at High Point on January 22 and 23,
1962, the Board of Conservation and Development recommended the leasing of
the deposits beneath Pamlico and Pungo rivers on a sealed bid basis. Accordingly,
an Option to Lease proposal was prepared and presented to the Board for approval
at New Bern on April 2 and 3, 1962. The Board of Conservation and Development
approved the proposal and requested the Department of Administration to advertise
the deposits and receive sealed bids on them.
In preparing the proposal, the Pamlico and Pungo rivers were divided into five
minute blocks by the use of longitude and latitude. The Pamlico River was divided
37
into six blocks designated, A, B, C, D, E, F, and tine Pungo River was divided into
tinree blocks designated G, H, I. The Option to Lease proposal contains a five year
Option period and spells out the terms and conditions under which the Option may
become a Lease. The biddable part of the proposal was to be a percentage royalty
of the market value of the first marketable product of phosphate and other minerals.
Oil, gas and sulphur were excluded from the proposal. An Option period of five years
was established during which time certain expenditures for exploration are required.
During the Option period a rental of 25 cents per acre is required for the area under
Option. The Option may become a Lease at any time during the five year period
at the request of the holder. When the Option becomes a Lease, the holder must
pay three dollars per acre per year rent plus the royalty bid.
Bids were receivable through 2:30 P.M. June 4, 1962. Bids were received from
Magnet Cove Barium Corporation, Texas Gulf Sulphur Company and Pamlico Mining
and Chemical Corporation. Pamlico Mining and Chemical Corporation was created
jointly by Kennecott Copper Corporation and American Agricultural Chemical
Company as of May 1, 1962 to engage in exploration, mining and processing phos-phate.
Magnet Cove Barium Corporation bid 3.7 percent of the market value of
the first marketable product of phosphate recovered from blocks, G. H. I. of the
Pungo River. Texas Gulf Sulphur Company bid 12.5 percent of the market value
of the first marketable product of phosphate recovered from block D of the Pam-lico
River. Pamlico Mining and Chemical Corporation bid 5.259 percent of the
market value of the first marketable product of phosphate recovered from block D
of the Pamlico River. On July 10, 1962, the Board of Conservation and Develop-ment
in session at Boone, accepted the bids of Magnet Cove Barium Corporation
and Texas Gulf Sulphur Company. Subsequent to that date, the Option to Lease
proposals recommended for Magnet Cove Barium Corporation and Texas Gulf Sul-phur
Company have been approved by the Council of State and signed by the Gov-ernor
of North Carolina. Exploration is actively in progress and Pamlico Mining
and Chemical Corporation has acquired options on several thousand acres of land
in Beaufort County and is actively exploring for phosphate.
WORK OF THE DIVISION
The work of the Division of Mineral Resources is divided into two major catagories:
(1) commodity studies and (2) geologic studies. Commodity studies cover specific
minerals or mineral deposits such as asbestos, beryl, phosphate, etc. Geologic studies
include detailed geologic mapping and examination of mineral deposits.
Commodity studies during the biennium 1960-1962 included (1) asbestos deposits,
(2) beryl resources, (3) phosphate in eastern North Carolina and (4) preparation of
Economic Paper 67. A detailed report on the asbestos deposits of North Carolina
including field studies and petrographic analyses has been completed and a report
is about ready for publication. The North Carolina State College's Mineral Research
Laboratory in Asheville is cooperating informally on the project at no cost to the
Division of Mineral Resources by determining the amount and quality of the fibre
that can be recovered from the deposits. As soon as this work is completed, a report
will be sent to the printer. A study of beryl m North Carolina has been completed
and a report Information Circular 17, "Beryl Occurrences in North Carolina", has
beeft published. The Division of Mineral Resources in cooperation with the United
States Geological Survey, the North Carolina Department of Water Resources and
Beaufort County, started early in 1962 a Gammaray logging study to determine
the extent, thickness and quality of phosphate deposits in Beaufort County. The
field work is progressing according to schedule and should be completed early in
1963. Economic Paper 67, "Mineral Industry of North Carolina from 1954 through
1959", was prepared and published in 1961.
Geologic mapping during the biennium included geologic mapping of the
Albemarle 1 5-minute quadrangle and Moore County. Both of these projects were
completed and in press at the end of the biennium on June 30, 1962. They should
be available for sale in a few weeks. In addition a project involving the mapping
of the Brevard schist belt was started early in 1 962.
As authorized in the budget of the Division of Mineral Resources by the 1961
General Assembly an office was established in Asheville as of December 1, 1961.
38
The staff members assigned to this office are mapping the Brevard schist belt and
carrying out other important geological work in western North Carolina.
COOPERATION WITH U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey was continued in the geologic mapping
of four quadrangles in the Denton area of Davidson County. This work is due to
be completed by the end of 1962. Cooperation on topographic mapping in North
Carolina was renewed with the U. S. Geological Survey on July 1, 1961. Topographic
mapping of three quadrangles has been completed in Northampton County and work
has been planned on several quadrangles in Stokes County. Formal cooperation with
the U. S. Geological Survey which was started on a small scale several years ago
is beginning to pay dividends. A recent letter from the Chief Geologist, U. S.
Geological Survey, summarized 14 geologic projects being carried out independently
by that agency in North Carolina. Among the projects listed was geologic mapping in
four quadrangles in the Shelby area and three quadrangles in the Concord and Mt.
Pleasant area.
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
In addition to the work outlined above, the Division of Mineral Resources serves
as a clearing house for information on the geology and mineral resources of North
Carolina. The Division cooperated with knd-owners, prospectors, small miners, and
people interested in the geology and mineral resources of the State by rendering
services not otherwise available. Information and assistance were furnished on
asbestos, clays, mica, pyrophyllite, spodumene, stone, sand and gravel, oil and gas
possibilities of the State, radioactive and other minerals. Approximately 1500 rock
and mineral specimens were examined for citizens of the State and information
furnished as to their identity and value. This type of work is considered important
and prospectors and collectors are encouraged to send in specimens for examination.
Through the examination of such specimens, some of our most important mineral
deposits hove come into production. The Division serves as a clearing house for the
distribution of technical reports on the geology and mineral resources of the State.
During the biennium, more copies of maps, bulletins, economic papers and informa-tion
circulars were sold than during any like period in the history of the Department.
The following publications were issued during the biennium:
Economic Paper 67, Mineral Industry of North Carolina from 1954 through 1959,
by Jasper L. Stuckey and Stephen G. Conrad.
Information Circular 17, Beryl Occurrences in North Carolina, by William F.
Wilson.
39
GEODETIC SURVEY
The Geodetic Survey Division, youngest and smallest division of the Department,
was activated in July 1960. Hence this biennial report covers the entire history, to
dote, of the division.
Chapter 1 02, General Statutes, as amended by action of the 1 959 Session of the
General Assembly, is the basic enabling act for this division. Fundamentally the
duties of the division are "To make or cause to be made from time to time such
surveys and computations as are necessary to further or complete the North Carolina
Coordinate System. The agency shall endeavor to carry to completion as soon as
practicable the field monumentation and office computations of the Coordinate
System . . ." (1939, c 163, s. 9) and, under the law of 1959 (102-12), "shall pre-pare
for publication and cause to be published before July 1, 1962, a map or maps
setting forth the location for both horizontal and vertical control, together with
such other pertinent data as the agency may direct for implementation of the
North Carolina Coordinate System . . .".
"Geodetic Survey" is a specific, technical term which should, in this first report,
be defined. A geodetic survey is a survey (precise location of survey markers and
bench marks) of such accuracy and precision and covering so large an area, such
as a city, county or state, that the size and shape of the earth must be considered
in its execution and computations. In order to save the local surveyor the task of
computing his surveys with rather complex geodetic equations, a mathematical
system, called the State Coordinate System, was developed whereon the usual, well
known methods of east-west and north-south coordinates ore used.
The purpose and use of the end product of this division, precisely located perman-ent
survey markers, is well understood by engineers and surveyors, but is not so well
known to the general public. A few brief comments would be in order.
MAPS MUST SHOW DETAILS
All maps, to achieve their purpose, must show details clearly, accurately and in
proper relation to all other details. This is true whatever the details are—topographic,
geologic, roads and highways, land use, city details, transmission lines, dams, tax
maps, city, county and state boundaries, water shed boundaries, water and sewer-age
systems, airfields, missile sites, parks, forest boundaries, nautical and aeronau-tical
charts, tunnels, lakes and other recreational areas. As the steel frame of a
building holds the details of doors, windows, brick, elevators and stairways in their
desired true relation to each other, so the net of precisely determined geodetic survey
markers holds all the above "details" in their true relation one to another.
In this day and age scientists, with their studies, and engineers, with their proj-ects,
occupy a foremost position in this country and in the world. Practically all
engineering projects need accurate location of details, either in a matter of elevation
above sea level or of location on the face of the earth. The basic services for exis-tence
in a community depend on detailed engineering studies over large areas. The
water we use involves studies of drainage at distant areas, location of dams to form
reservoirs, design and installation of multi-million dollar distribution systems and
location of pumping stations. The electricity we use involves the location of and
study of river drainage areas, dam sites for power plants, right of ways and con-struction
of transmission lines. The location of radio and TV towers, microwave
stations and other tall structures which are hazards to air traffic must be reported
to government officials with a high degree of accuracy. In highway design and
construction, a tremendous job in this state, accurate location so as to obtain
maximum efficiency and lowest cost is a fundamental engineering project which
needs the data furnished by geodetic control surveys. In fact, one cannot name an
engineering project which covers any appreciable area that does not need and use
{
the information and data which are the products of the geodetic survey work.
The 1959 General Assembly enacted amendments to Chapter 47 of the Gen-eral
Statutes relating to Plats and Subdivisions and Land Surveys and Recording of
Same." One item under "Plats and Subdivisions: Mapping Requirements" specified
that: "Where the map is the result of a survey, one or more corners shall, by a
40
system of azimuths or courses end distances, be accurately tied to a monument of
some U. S. or State Agency Survey System, such as the U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey Systems, where such monument is within 2,000 feet of said corner. Where
the North Carolina Grid System coordinates of said monument have been published
by the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, the co-ordinates
of the referenced corner shall be computed and shown in X and Y ordinates on the
map."
This requirement maintains the high quality of the survey which is so desirable in
this time of high and ever increasing land values and furnishes definite, unique,
mathematical boundary points. The substitution of a definite boundary for the
older and sometimes very vogue boundary descriptions of years ago is a big step
in eliminating costly disputes and also in furnishing a boundary which can be ac-curately
re-established despite destruction of all local boundary markers. Hence,
the benefits derived from the existence of basic geodetic survey monuments reaches
down to the individual property owner.
Since its activation, the division has assembled its staff, trained its engineers in
the precise methods of its surveying and has made strides in its allotted task of
establishing new survey markers.
MANY NEW MARKERS SET
The staff is small, consisting of nine engineers and engineering aides (all field men)
and one stenographer.
Three hundred and thirty (330) new, permanently marked survey markers have
been established in the State. One hundred and thirty-eight (138) have been in the
High Point area and fifty-two (52) stations in the Charlotte area. One hundred and
forty (140) stations are in the Raleigh-Durham area except for a few isolated sta-tions.
Inquiries and requests for control stations have been received from d number
of communities and engineers. One very accurately measured base line has been
established in Raleigh. It will be used to calibrate and check our electronic distance
measuring device. This electronic device is the latest in measuring distances very
accurately (1 part in 300,000) by electronic means rather than the old method of
chaining. As this survey is the basic survey for the State of North Carolina, its
accuracy must be of the highest order.
Our basic function, to establish accurately located survey markers on the North
Carolina Coordinate System, has had a good start and will be our main objective
throughout the years.
The mandate to publish maps indicating location of survey control markers has
been followed and the dead line met. One hundred maps, each covering a specific
county, have been compiled, published and distributed. The correcting and main-taining
such maps will be standard procedure for the division.
The Geodetic Survey Division stands ready to consult with any community, en-gineer,
surveyor or individual about surveying matters, and to furnish the basic
geodetic data which exist throughout North Carolina.
41
STATE PARKS
A state park system has one basic purpose: TO SERVE PEOPLE.
.... THOMAS W. MORSE.
These words first appear in the Department of Conservation and Development
report for the biennium for the period ending June 30, 1950. During this biennium,
the North Carolina State Park System had been raised to Division status in recogni-tion
of the growing importance of the State Park program. Fifteen years of growth
under the guidance of Thomas W. Morse
—
a guidance to continue through eleven
more years of growth before his resignation on June 30, 1961.
While his leaving was a great loss to the State, Mr. Morse's dedication, wide
vision and long range planning left the foundation and framework upon which the
North Carolina State Park System continues to build and to move forward.
THE PURPOSE
To Serve the People of North Carolina and Their Visitors by:
1. Preserving and protecting natural areas of unique or exceptional scenic value
not only for the inspiration and benefit of the present generation, but, also, for
gener