Biennial report of the Department of Labor

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NORTH CAROLINA
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NORTH CAROLINIANA
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1962/61;
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BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JULY 1, 1962 TO JUNE 30, 1964
ISSUED BY
THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frank Crane, Commissioner
RALEIGH
BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JULY 1, 1962 TO JUNE 30, 1964
ISSUED BY
THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frank Crane, Commissioner
RALEIGH
Edited by the Information Service
August, 1964
A/
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
The Honorable Terry Sanford
Governor of North Carolina
Raleigh, North Carolina
Dear Governor Sanford
:
I have the honor and pleasure of submitting
to you herewith a report of the work of the
Department of Labor covering the biennial period
of July 1, 1962 to June 30, 1964.
In transmitting this report to you, I wish to
acknowledge the fine cooperation of the heads of
the various divisions of the Department of Labor
which made possible the many accomplishments
and services to the people of North Carolina which
are recorded in this volume.
Respectfully,
Frank Crane,
Commissioner of Labor.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Letter of Transmittal 3
Organization Chart of the Department of Labor 6
Biennial Report of the Commissioner of Labor 7
Report of Expenditures 18
Division of Standards and Inspections 20
Industrial Safety and Labor Regulations Inspections 24
Boiler Inspections 28
Elevator Inspections 35
Mine and Quarry Inspections 38
Construction Safety Inspections 45
Special Safety Services 48
Division of Conciliation and Arbitration 55
Division of Apprenticeship Training 61
Bureau of Labor for the Deaf 68
Information Service 73
Division of Statistics 76
Index of Statistical Tables 128
ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
General Assembly of North Carolina
Department of Labor
Commissioner of Labor
Deputy Commissioner of Labor
Division of
Standards and
Inspections
Bureau of
General
Inspections
Bureau of
Boiler Inspections
Bureau of
Elevator
Inspections
Bureau of
Mine & Quarry
Inspections
Bureau of
Construction
Safety Inspections
Office Administration
and
Budget Accounts
State Minimum Wage Law
State Child Labor Law
State Maximum Hour Law
Safety & Health Regulations
Child Labor Certification,
in cooperation with Supts.
of Public Welfare
COOPERATING BOARDS
AND AGENCIES
North Carolina Board
of Boiler Rules
State Apprenticeship
Council
North Carolina
Arbitration Panel
Safety Advisory Board
In Cooperation with the Bureau
of Labor Statistics, U. S.
Department of Labor
Arbitration
Service
Division of
Conciliation
Division of
Apprenticeship
Training
Bureau of
Labor for
the Deaf
Information
Service
Division of
Statistics
BIENNIAL REPORT
of the
COMMISSIONER OF LABOR
Continuous growth of industry and employment opportunities
in North Carolina characterized the biennial period July 1, 1962
to June 30, 1964.
New records were established in both manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing employment and in construction activity.
Employment Gains
Total nonagricultural employment in North Carolina increased
five per cent during the 1962-64 biennium, rising from a level of
1,249,400 in June, 1962, to 1,312,400 in June, 1964.
This net increase of 63,000 people employed in non-farm oc-cupations
included substantial job gains in many segments of
the State's economy. Factory employment increased by 21,100
or four per cent, rising from 523,500 in June, 1962, to 544,600
in June, 1964. Nonmanufacturing employment, exclusive of agri-culture,
increased 41,900 or 5.8 per cent, rising from 725,900
in June, 1962, to 767,800 in June, 1964.
An interesting fact recorded during the biennium is that total
non-farm employment, continuing an uptrend which began in
May, 1961, has set a record high for each month (compared with
the same month of the preceding year) for 38 consecutive months
from May, 1961, to June, 1964. All-time high levels were reached
in the fall of 1962 and again in October, 1963.
Earnings Increase
Average hourly earnings of the State's employees in manu-facturing
industries increased eleven cents during the biennium,
rising from $1.64 in June, 1962, to $1.75 in June, 1964, for a
gain of 6.7 per cent.
The average workweek remained relatively stable during the
24-month period, with manufacturing industries reporting a
41.2-hour average in June, 1964, compared with 41 hours two
years previously.
8 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
Average weekly earnings in manufacturing increased by $4.86
or seven per cent, rising from $67.24 in June, 1962, to $72.10
in June, 1964.
These increased earnings in manufacturing, together with
similar wage gains in many nonmanufacturing industries, have
been widely reflected throughout the North Carolina economy in
the form of higher purchasing power, increasing per capita
income, larger sales of goods and services, and higher State and
Federal revenue collections.
Per Capita Income
Expanded industrial payrolls and higher earnings of em-ployees
in nonmanufacturing activities have figured strongly in
causing the advances of recent years in North Carolina's per
capita income. According to the Employment Security Commis-sion,
gross total wages of the State's employees in manufacturing
increased more than $106,000,000 during 1963 compared with
the previous year, rising from $2,017,755,000 in 1962 to
$2,124,473,000 in 1963.
The State's per capita income, according to the U. S. Depart-ment
of Commerce, has increased as follows
:
1960 $1,562
1961 1,638
1962 1,732
1963 1,807
The importance of industrial payrolls and other non-farm jobs
to per capita income is underlined by the fact that wage and
salary disbursements constitute the largest single source of
income for North Carolinians. As a general rule, per capita
income tends to be highest in those areas in which there are
large concentrations of manufacturing industries, wholesale and
retail distribution enterprises, and civilian or military govern-mental
operations. A glance at the 1962 per capita income figures
of North Carolina counties (see accompanying table) will bear
out this statement.
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
TABLE 1
ESTIMATES OF PERSONAL INCOME IN NORTH CAROLINA
BY COUNTY, FOR 1962
Source: N. C. Department of Tax Research
County
Per Capita
Personal
Income
Mecklenburg $2
Forsyth 2
Guilford 2
Durham 2
Wake 2
Alamance 2
Cabarrus 2
Catawba 2
Buncombe 1
Cumberland 1
New Hanover .... 1
Iredell 1
Rowan 1
Gaston 1
Stanly 1
Randolph 1
Onslow 1
Rockingham 1
Surry 1
Lee 1
Davidson 1
Transylvania 1
Henderson 1
Haywood 1
Davie 1
Richmond .
Chatham .
Cleveland .
Lincoln . .
.
Yadkin . .
Pasquotank
Burke ....
Caldwell . .
Orange
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
Craven 1
Moore
Polk .
Wilson
Union
Vance
Lenoir 1
Rutherford
McDowell .
.
Wayne
Nash
Washington
Columbus . .
Alexander .
Johnston . .
Carteret . .
,461
,372
,315
,228
,155
,091
,074
,062
,928
,908
,870
,857
,856
,845
,806
,804
,787
,782
,769
,766
,761
,754
,753
,696
,667
,660
,620
,605
,605
,605
,592
,581
,575
,570
,541
,521
,519
,510
,504
,502
,495
,495
,481
,472
,462
,442
,440
,436
,422
,421
County
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
28
28
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
41
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
County
Per Capita
Personal County
Income Rank
Edgecombe $1
Harnett 1
Montgomery 1
Pitt 1
Person 1
Halifax 1
Wilkes
Stokes
Scotland . . .
Currituck . .
Camden . . .
Greene
Beaufort . .
Sampson . .
Dare
Hertford .
Granville .
.
Martin
Duplin
Anson
Alleghany .
Ashe
Mitchell . .
Franklin . .
Perquimans
Swain
Jackson . . .
Chowan . . .
Warren
Robeson . .
.
Gates ....
Bertie ....
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
. . 1
.. 1
,.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
.. 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
Pender 1
Graham
Bladen
Macon
Watauga . . .
Pamlico ....
Northampton
Hyde
Caswell
Cherokee . . .
Brunswick . .
Hoke
Yancey
Madison
Avery
Tyrrell
Jones
Clay
,418
,416
,403
,387
,363
,357
,345
,338
,310
,299
,292
,288
,265
,234
,233
,232
,224
,221
,193
,185
,184
,179
,177
,165
,161
,144
,139
,117
,115
,105
,103
,091
,080
,078
,072
,067
,065
,060
051
,040
,039
,039
,021
,002
991
983
949
932
902
768
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
10 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
Industrial Growth
Both total nonagricultural employment and factory wages
have increased steadily in North Carolina during the past decade.
Non-farm employment expanded by 26 per cent between 1953
and 1963, rising from an annual average of 1,022,100 in 1953 to
an average of 1,290,900 in 1963 for a net gain of 268,800 during
the decade. An average of 26,880 new jobs per year were created
during the ten-year period.
The manufacturing segment of total non-farm employment
expanded by 20 per cent during the 1953-1963 decade, rising
from an annual average of 448,700 in 1953 to 540,000 in 1963,
for a net gain of 91,300 in the ten-year period. An average of
9,130 new jobs per year were created in manufacturing during
the decade.
The over-all growth in the nonmanufacturing segment of total
non-farm employment was much higher than in manufacturing.
Between 1953 and 1963, nonmanufacturing employment in-creased
30 per cent for a net gain of 177,500 jobs, rising from
573,400 in 1953 to 750,900 in 1963. The yearly average of new
jobs created in nonmanufacturing occupations during the decade
was 17,750.
The following table shows total non-farm employment, factory
employment, and non-manufacturing employment for each year
from 1953 to 1963. The figures are the annual averages of em-ployment
for each year.
TABLE 2
NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA
(1953-1963)
Total Non-Farm Factory Nonmanufacturing
Year Employment Employment Employment
1953 1,022,100 448,700 573,400
1954 1,012,000 436,800 575,200
1955 1,059,400 460,400 599,000
1956 1,099,300 470,600 628,700
1957 1,101,300 470,300 631,000
1958 1,108,800 469,600 639,200
1959 1,163,700 496,900 666,800
1960 1,195,500 509,300 686,200
1961 1,209,100 509,000 700,100
1962 1,258,200 530,500 727,700
1963 1,290,900 540.000 750,900
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 11
Employee Earnings
An increase of 36.6 per cent in gross average hourly earnings
of factory production workers took place in North Carolina
between 1953 and 1963.
The "average" Tar Heel factory worker earned $1.23 an hour
during 1953. By 1963 the average had climbed to $1.68.
Percentage gains of individual industries in average hourly
earnings of employees during the ten years ranged from a high
of 56.5 per cent in stone, clay and glass products to a low of 9.2
per cent in full fashioned hosiery.
Much larger percentage increases were recorded in several
nonmanufacturing industries, due principally to the influence of
State and Federal minimum wage legislation upon these employ-ment
groups during the last four years of the 1953-1963 decade.
Wage gains recorded in the individual industries, both manu-facturing
and nonmanufacturing, during the 1953-1963 decade,
are listed in the following table.
TABLE 3
ANNUAL AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN NORTH CAROLINA
INDUSTRIES
1953 and 1963
Average Hourly Earnings Per Cent
Industry 1953 1963 Increase
Manufacturing Industries
All Manufacturing $1,23 $1.68 36.6
Durable Goods Industries 1.15 1.69 47.0
Lumber Industry 1.00 1.45 45.0
Millwork and Pivwood 1.01 1.37 35.6
Furniture and Fixtures 1.15 1.60 39.1
Household Furniture 1.15 1.60 39.1
Stone, Clay and Glass Products 1.08 1.69 56.5
Primary Metals 1.64 2.09 27.4
Fabricated Metals 1.32 1.96 48.5
Machinery (except Electrical) 1.37 1.79 30.7
Nondurable Goods Industries 1.26 1.67 32.5
Food and Kindred Products 1.02 1.49 46.1
Bakery Products 1.10 1.72 56.4
Beverage Industries 94 1.32 40.4
Tobacco Manufacturing 1.31 2.01 53.4
Cigarettes 1.52 2.34 53.9
Tobacco Stemming and Redrying 1.04 1.50 44.2
Textile Mill Products 1.25 1.62 29.6
Broadwoven Fabrics 1.30 1.70 30.8
Knitting Mills 1.29 1.58 22.5
Full Fashioned Hosiery 1.52 1.66 9.2
Seamless Hosiery 1.13 1.59 40.7
Yarn and Thread Mills 1.14 1.51 32.5
Apparel and Other Fin. Tex. Prod 1.00 1.37 37.0
Men's and Boys' Clothing 95 1.33 40.0
Paper and Allied Products 1.72 2.41 40.1
12 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
TABLE 3—Continued
ANNUAL AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN NORTH CAROLINA INDUSTRIES
1953 and 1963
Average Hourly Earnings Per Cent
Industry 1953 1963 Increase
Manufacturing Industries (Con't)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills 1.98 2.68 35.4
Printing and Publishing 1.77 2.30 29.9
Chemicals and Allied Products 1.34 2.01 50.0
Nonmanufacturing Industries
Mining 1.14 1.63 43.0
Nonmetallic Mining: 1.14 1.63 43.0
Wholesale and Retail Trade 1.16 1.64 41.4
Wholesale Trade 1.42 1.99 40.1
Retail Trade 1.07 1.49 39.3
General Merchandise 77 1.32 71.4
Department Stores 83 1.46 75.9
Variety Stores 57 1.05 84.2
Retail Food Stores 1.11 1.55 39.6
Hotels and Lodging Places 50 .89 78.0
Laundries and Dry Cleaners 66 .97 47.0
TABLE 4
THE WAGE STRUCTURE IN NORTH CAROLINA INDUSTRY
(Annual Average Employment' and Hourly Earnings in N. C.—1963)
Per Cent
Industry Average Hourly of All
Employment Earnings Manufacturing
Earnings Over $2.00
Paper and Allied Products 13,700 $2.41
Printing and Publishing 10,500 2.30
Transportation Equipment 5,200 2.26
Primary Metals 2,800 2.09
Tobacco 32,300 2.05
Electrical Machinery 24,900 2.03
Chemicals 16,800 2.01
106,200 19.7%
Earnings $1.61-$2.00
Fabricated Metal 9,800 $1.96
Machinery (Ex. Elec.) 13,600 1.79
Miscellaneous Other 8,500 1.75
Stone, Clay and Glass 10,900 1.69
Textile Mill Products 227,000 1.63
269,800 50.0%
Earnings $1.60 and Less
Furniture 49,300 $1.60
Food Products 36,300 1.49
Lumber and Timber 30,400 1.45
A pparel 48,000 1.37
164,000 30.3%
ALL MANUFACTURING 540,000 $1.68 100%
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 13
Needed Legislation
The Commissioner of Labor is directed by General Statute
95-5 to furnish the Governor with "recommendations of the
Commissioner with reference to such changes in the law applying
to or affecting industrial or labor conditions as the Commissioner
may deem advisable."
The General Assembly of 1959 enacted the North Carolina
Minimum Wage Law, providing a minimum wage of 75 cents
an hour for covered employees. The General Assembly of 1961
amended this statute, expanding its coverage to include those
employees working in establishments employing four or more
workers. Again in 1963, the General Assembly amended the
Minimum Wage Law, raising the minimum wage figure to 85
cents an hour for covered employees.
North Carolina employers have adjusted to this law without
serious difficulty. Our inspection records show few violations
and relatively small sums due in back wages under the statute.
This statute, as amended, has brought the benefits of minimum
wage protection to some 75,000 North Carolina employees who
previously had none—as will be evident from a glance at some
of the wage changes recorded in the nonmanufacturing industry
section of Table 3. It has been a boon to the lowest paid group
of workers in North Carolina. This law may be further improved
as the General Assembly, in its wisdom, deems fit and proper,
by removing some of its exemptions, by broadening still further
its base of coverage, and by increasing the statutory minimum
wage to a higher figure.
On September 3, 1965, a considerable segment of the State's
retail and service businesses which are covered at present by
the Federal Wage and Hour Law will become subject to the
Federal minimum wage of $1.25 an hour and time-and-a-half
for overtime worked in excess of 40 hours per week. This
development will create a gap of 40 cents an hour between the
$1.25 Federal standard and the 85-cent State minimum wage ap-plying
to different segments of the State's retail and service
industries.
It is my personal recommendation that action be taken by
the 1965 General Assembly to raise the North Carolina minimum
wage to $1.00 an hour. Even with a $1.00 an hour State mini-mum,
a 25-cent differential will still exist between the wage floor
set by Federal law for the larger retail and service establish-
14 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
ments and the minimum set by State law for smaller enterprises
not covered by the Federal statute.
It should be noted in this connection that the average work-week
in most retail and service enterprises covered by the State
Minimum Wage Law is less than 40 hours, and that a State
minimum wage of $1.00 an hour would net most workers in
these businesses earnings of less than $40.00 per week. The
average workweek during 1963 in seven principal groups covered
by the Minimum Wage Law was as follows: all retail trade,
38.5 hours; retail general merchandise, 33.4 hours; department
stores, 32.2 hours ; variety stores, 29.5 hours ; grocery stores,
33.9 hours; hotels and motels, 36.7 hours; laundries and dry
cleaning plants, 38.2 hours.
Excluding from consideration the approximately 800,000
North Carolinians who are covered by the Federal Wage and
Hour Law, approximately a quarter-million people in retail and
service industries are afforded the protection of the State
Minimum Wage Law. Among this group, the really small oper-ators—
those having less than four employees—are not covered
by the State law.
In 1959, fears were voiced that the Minimum Wage Law then
being debated would bankrupt small businesses and cause people
to lose their jobs. The actual experience of the last five years
has proven that those fears were totally unfounded.
Employment in North Carolina's retail trade and service in-dustries
has expanded by 39,800 since the Minimum Wage Law
was enacted five years ago.
The Minimum Wage Law was passed by the General Assembly
on May 7, 1959. In that month a total of 279,600 people were
employed in all the State's retail trade and service industries.
By May, 1964—five years later—the number of Tar Heels
holding retail and service jobs had increased to 319,400 for a
net gain of 39,800 jobs during the five-year period.
This fourteen per cent increase in retail and service jobs was
broken down as follows
:
In retail trade, the number of jobs increased from 156,800 in
May 1959 to 175,900 in May 1964—a gain of 19,100.
In service industries, the number of jobs increased from
122,800 in May 1959 to 143,500 in May 1964—a gain of 20,700.
In view of these encouraging facts and in the light of pre-vailing
wage averages at present, it is my considered opinion
that North Carolina employers could adjust to a $1.00 an hour
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 15
minimum now even more readily and with less difficulty than
they experienced when moving their wage scales up to comply
with the 75-cent minimum five years ago.
I am convinced that a dollar minimum would be helpful to the
affected industries as well as to the affected workers. The earn-ings
of most employees with take-home pay of $40.00 a week or
less are spent immediately at retail for necessary goods and
services. The businesses mainly affected by a $1.00 an hour
minimum wage would also be among its chief beneficiaries
—
in the form of larger sales of their goods and services.
The long record of both State and Federal minimum wage
legislation in the United States shows beyond question that these
measures are good for business and are instrumental in creating
more business and more employment.
According to the Sales and Use Tax Division of the North
Carolina Department of Revenue, the number of businesses in
operation in North Carolina also has gained sharply since 1959.
There were 79,311 active merchants in business in the State at
the end of 1959. By the end of 1963, the number had expanded
by 10,686 to a total of 89,997 active merchants in business. This
was a gain of 13.5 per cent—almost the same as the 14 per cent
gain in the number of people employed by these merchants.
According to an excellent report issued by the Federal Re-serve
Bank of Richmond, entitled North Carolina: An Economic
Profile, trade and services are among the employment groups
which have experienced the largest gains in North Carolina
during the past decade.
Increased purchasing power—one of our best weapons in fight-ing
unemployment—has brought both rising incomes and in-creasing
revenues to North Carolina for the past quarter-century.
In 1940 our per capita income was $328, and in that year only
101,000 people filed State income tax returns, paying the State
$3,800,000. By 1950, our per capita income had increased to
$1,009, and 567,000 people filed returns and paid the State
$25,000,000. In 1960, with per capita income of $1,562, we had
1,315,000 people filing tax returns and paying the State
$95,000,000.
A $1.00 an hour minimum wage will increase purchasing
power at the point where it is most certain to be channeled
directly back into commerce. It will mean more goods and
services for more of our people, a more nearly decent standard
16 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
of living for our lowest paid groups, and a base upon which
more new business and further prosperity can be built.
Labor-Management Relations
Labor-management relations have continued to be exception-ally
peaceful and productive in North Carolina, with few inter-ruptions
of work and little time lost as a result of strikes.
The great majority of cases involving negotiations between
labor and management have been settled amicably without loss
of production.
In the 23 years since the Conciliation Service was established
in the Department of Labor, only six-tenths of one per cent of
the national total of man-days lost from production as a result
of strikes have been lost in North Carolina.
During the last four calendar years, 1960-1963, strikes came
close to the vanishing point in North Carolina, totaling only
seventeen-hundredths of one per cent of the national total of
man-days lost during the period. This record is attributable to
the peaceful climate of industrial relations which has long
characterized North Carolina industry and to the effective work
of our Conciliation and Arbitration services with management
and labor.
Industrial Directory
The Department of Labor in the spring of 1964 published the
sixth edition of the popular and useful North Carolina Directory
of Manufacturing Firms. Listing a total of 6,159 plants, the
Directory provides needed information on some 800 more plants
than were listed in the 1960 edition.
This Directory, which we publish at four-year intervals, has
proved extremely valuable to buyers, sellers, manufacturers, and
industrial promotion groups. A free Supplement will be published
in 1966 and will contain listings of new plants not included in
the 1964 Directory. The Supplement will be made available
gratis to purchasers of the 1964 Directory at the regular price
of $5.00 per copy.
Division Reports
Activities and accomplishments of the Department of Labor
during the 1962-64 biennium are set forth in detail in the various
Division Reports which follow, by Deputy Commissioner Lewis
Biennial Report op The Department of Labor 17
P. Sorrell, Chief of the Division of Standards and Inspections;
Mr. E. Gail Barker, Director of the Division of Conciliation and
Arbitration ; Mr. C. L. Beddingfield, Director of the Division of
Apprenticeship Training; Mr. J. M. Vestal, Director of the
Bureau of Labor for the Deaf; Mr. William L. Strickland,
Director of the Division of Statistics; and the Department's
several bureau and sub-division heads.
Of special interest are the sections which describe North
Carolina's excellent labor-management relations, progress in
industrial safety and health, increase of working skills through
apprenticeship training, and the safety educational work which
is being done in the construction industry in cooperation with
the Associated General Contractors.
18 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
TABLE 5
REPORT OF EXPENDITURES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
1962-1963
REVENUE
Appropriation—Chapter 833, P. L. 1961 $583,149.00
Federal Wage and Hour Reimbursement 202,347.27
Boiler Bureau Fees for Inspection 66,434.62
Apprenticeship Training1 Federal Reimbursement . . 3,752.98
Industrial Director Sale 3,806.34
$859,490.21
REFUNDS
Refund of Expenditures $ 642.18 $860,132.39
EXPENDITURES
Expenditures $845,439.84
Refund of Expenditures 642.18 $846,082.02
Unexpended Balance Reverted to General Fund . . $ 14,050.37
PURPOSES
Administration $ 37,144.76
Employment for the Deaf 10,152.76
Statistical Division 39,074.89
Standards and Inspections 372,300.84
Wage and Hour Division 201,362.93
Supplies and Printing 7,853.26
Apprenticeship Training 74,085.59
Conciliation Service 24,911.68
Arbitration Panel 177.80
Boiler Bureau 76,132.97
Directory 2,238.36
Workmen's Compensation 4.00
$845,439.84
OBJECTS
Salaries and Wages $697,436.68
Supplies and Materials 3,599.44
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph 11,074.56
Travel Expense 100,433.55
Printing and Binding 7,302.73
Repairs and Alterations 1,220.80
General Expense 22,465.24
Equipment 1,906.84
$845,439.84
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 19
TABLE 6
REPORT OF EXPENDITURES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
1 963 - 1 964
REVENUE
Appropriation—Chapter 683, P. L. 1963 $646,582.00
Federal Wage and Hour Reimbursement 61,331.40
Boiler Bureau Fees for Inspections 73,039.21
Industrial Directory Sale 5,751.66
$786,704.27
REFUNDS
Refund of Expenditures 1,566.47 $788,270.74
EXPENDITURES
Expenditures $745,579.70
Refund of Expenditures 1,566.47 $747,146.17
Unexpended Balance Reverted to General Fund ... $ 41,124.57
PURPOSES
Administration $ 46,135.30
Employment for the Deaf 10,542.13
Statistical Division 41,081.20
Standards and Inspections 400,640.52
Wage and Hour Division 44,201.34
Supplies and Printing 10,299.68
Apprenticeship Training 78,797.41
Conciliation Service 25,249.71
Arbitration Panel 238.40
Boiler Bureau 87,644.06
Directory 700.00
Workmen's Compensation 49.95
$745,579.70
OBJECTS
Salaries and Wages $611,158.79
Supplies and Materials 4,598.25
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph 11,518.08
Travel Expense 92,678.78
Printing and Binding 8,463.22
Repairs and Alterations 1,147.91
General Expense 14,210.71
Equipment 1,803.96
$745,579.70
20 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
DIVISION OF STANDARDS AND INSPECTIONS
Lewis P. Sorrell,
Deputy Commissioner of Labor
The Division of Standards and Inspections performs a variety
of inspection and investigation work required of the Department
of Labor by statute. It enforces the Child Labor Law, Minimum
Wage Law, Maximum Hour Law, Boiler Law, Elevator Safety
Code, Construction Safety Code, and the Mine and Quarry
Safety Codes. The Division also plans, develops, recommends
for adoption, and enforces Safety and Health Regulations de-signed
to eliminate or minimize industrial hazards and provide
better working conditions throughout North Carolina industry.
Included in the Division of Standards and Inspections are
bureaus and sections which perform the following functions
:
Industrial Safety and Labor Regulations Inspections
Boiler Inspections
Elevator Inspections
Mine and Quarry Inspections
Construction Safety Inspections
Special Safety Services
Industrial Safety and Labor
Regulations Inspections
A total of 38,474 inspections were made during the biennium
in establishments employing 1,485,242 employees. Many of these
establishments were inspected more than once during the bien-nium,
which fact accounts for the number of employees cited
being larger than the State's total nonagricultural employment.
While the number of inspections made was slightly smaller
than the 39,485 total of the previous biennial period, the number
of employees covered was about 30,000 larger. Excellent com-pliance
with the North Carolina Minimum Wage Law, which
was established through a concentrated program of inspections
and educational work during the 1960-62 biennium, made
possible the slight decrease in the total number of inspections
and enabled us to concentrate our inspectors during the 1962-64
biennium in more intensive safety inspection work in both large
and small plants.
The number of violations found and compliances secured was
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 21
almost the same as during the 1960-62 biennium. A total of
22,101 violations were noted during 1962-64, compared with
22,213 in the preceding two-year period. Compliances were
secured in 22,990 instances, compared with 22,285 in the pre-ceding
period—an increase of 705 in compliances secured.
This office continued during the biennium to serve as the
agency charged with certifying and licensing private employ-ment
agencies. As the State has expanded industrially, this
activity has grown and each year brings several applications for
operating licenses. A total of 83 private employment agencies
were certified and licensed during the 1962-64 biennium.
The work of our industrial safety inspection staff is concerned
with the maintenance of safe and healthful working conditions
in all places of industrial employment. The principal function of
these inspectors is to discover hazards to safety and health, to
discuss these hazards with management, and to advise manage-ment
of the best methods of carrying out the provisions of the
Safety and Health Regulations. Another of their important
functions is making special investigations in response to com-plaints
indicating possible Labor Law or Safety Code violations.
The inspectors also consult and advise on problems of mutual
concern to labor and management which are not specifically
covered by the laws or safety codes.
The work of our labor regulations inspection staff is similar
to that performed by our industrial safety inspectors, except
that the former work chiefly in the State's retail trade, service
and other intrastate establishments. These inspections emphasize
compliance with the laws governing child labor, female em-ployees,
and enforcement of the State Minimum Wage Law.
A more detailed exposition of the work of our industrial
safety and labor regulations inspectors will be found in the re-port
of Mr. S. G. Harrington, Supervisor, which follows this
introductory section.
Upon the initiative of the U. S. Department of Labor, North
Carolina's agreement with the Wage and Hour Division for
local enforcement of the Federal Wage and Hour Law by the
North Carolina Department of Labor was terminated in Sep-tember,
1963.
Boiler Inspections
This Division also uses the services of highly specialized
inspectors who devote their full time to the inspection and
22 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
certification of high and low pressure boilers and hot water
tanks covered by the State Boiler Law.
Marked increases in all major categories of boiler inspection
work took place during the 1962-64 biennium. The number of
boilers and hot water tanks in our active inspection files in-creased
nine per cent during the biennium, rising to a total of
56,573. The number of inspection reports reviewed increased 12
per cent; the number of operating certificates issued increased
29 per cent; and income received from inspection fees increased
31 per cent to a total of $139,883.41.
The necessity and usefulness of boiler inspections increases
in proportion to the expanding industrialization of the State.
Boiler owners, operators, employees and the public alike benefit
from the safe operation and maintenance of boilers and hot
water tanks. A more detailed accounting of this work will be
found in the report of Mr. S. F. Harrison, head of the Bureau
of Boiler Inspections.
Elevator Inspections
Highly specialized and technical inspectors also are employed
to keep safe for the public the thousands of elevators in use
throughout the State.
Installation of new elevator and escalator equipment and re-modeling
of older equipment continued at a high level during
the past two years. Total estimated expenditures for new eleva-tor
installations during the 1962-64 biennium increased by 4.6
per cent over the previous two years, rising to a total of
$7,378,472.50.
Our Elevator Safety Code, under which we had operated
since 1939, was extensively amended and revised during the
biennium. The revised Code, which became effective in January,
1963, conforms to the Elevator Safety Code currently approved
by the American Standards Association. This revision brings
our Code into conformity with the best safety standards in use
throughout the nation by states which regulate elevator safety.
A detailed report of elevator inspection activity will be found
in the report of Chief Elevator Pryor E. Sugg, which follows
this section.
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 23
Mine and Quarry Inspections
Mining and quarrying operations continued at a high level
during the 1962-64 biennium, with the value of the State's
minerals production reaching a total of approximately $90,-
000,000.
Promotion of the health and safety of workers in mines and
quarries is the chief function of our Bureau of Mine and Quarry
Inspections. This Bureau also has the responsibility of en-forcing
the occupational health recommendations made as the
result of surveys conducted by the engineering staff of the
Occupational Health Section of the State Board of Health. This
working relationship has been improved and made more effec-tive
during the 1962-64 biennium. A documented account of
these activities will be found in the accompanying report of Mr.
J. R. Brandon, Supervisor of the Bureau of Mine and Quarry
Inspections.
Construction Safety Inspections
The Department of Labor has continued to develop specialized
accident prevention programs and safety educational services
for the purpose of reducing the number and severity of accidents
in the State's large construction industry.
Due to the continuing boom in building and other construction
activity in North Carolina, increased emphasis has been placed
upon working with the Associated General Contractors in an
effort to bring hazards to construction workers under better
control.
At the close of the biennium, the State's 7,000 licensed con-tractors
and 80,000 construction workers were engaged in work
upon an estimated $1,500,000,000 worth of new construction
which was in various stages of completion.
In addition to the nearly 4,000 project inspections made dur-ing
the last two years, our Construction Safety Division devel-oped
an effective audio-visual program for training construction
men in accident prevention methods. This program has been
well received and has been given many times at meetings of con-tractors,
municipal employees, and other groups concerned with
construction safety.
A complete account of these activities is given in the report
of Mr. H. M. Brosius, Construction Safety Supervisor.
24 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
Special Safety Services
In addition to our regular safety inspection and law-enforce-ment
services, the Division of Standards and Inspections con-tinued
during the 1962-64 biennium to promote safety in North
Carolina industry through the Department's specialized accident
prevention program. This work is aided by the expert advice and
assistance of 21 industrial safety directors employed by leading,
representative industries, who serve without compensation by
the State as the Department's Safety Advisory Board.
This work has been instrumental in helping to effect a 50 per
cent reduction in the rate of disabling injuries in North Carolina
industry during the past 17 years. In 1946, the State's manufac-turing
industries had a disabling injury frequency rate of 15.8
per million manhours. By 1963, this rate had dropped to 7.8
per million manhours.
Effective safety work was done during the biennium in co-operation
with the wood furniture industry, the meat packing
industry, the sawmill and logging industry, and the fertilizer
industry.
A detailed explanation of this phase of our work in accident
prevention will be found in the accompanying report of Mr. W.
C. Creel, our Supervisor of Safety.
The remaining portions of this report of the Division of
Standards and Inspections will consist of the individual reports
of the Bureaus and sections cited above, together with their
accompanying statistical tables and other data.
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND LABOR REGULATIONS
INSPECTIONS
S. G. Harrington, Supervisor
Industrial Safety and Labor Regulations Inspectors of the
Division of Standards and Inspections completed 38,474 inspec-tions
during the 1962-1964 biennium. While this represents a
very slight decrease from the number made in the previous two-year
period, the number made in that two-year period was con-siderably
increased due to the concentrated inspection program
during the first year of that period necessitated by the inception
of the new Minimum Wage Law. The increase of the minimum
wage rate from 75^ to 85^ on January 1, 1964 has not brought
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 25
about any noticeable need for increased concentration of in-spections.
The 38,474 inspections were made in establishments employ-ing
a total of 1,485,242 employees. Many establishments were
inspected more than once during the biennial period. This ac-counts
for the fact that the number of employees cited above is
larger than the State's total non-agricultural employment
—
1,312,400 as of June 30, 1964. The number of employees of
establishments inspected was approximately 30,000 more than
the number employed by inspected establishments in the 1960-62
biennium.
The inspectors also made 611 special investigations in re-sponse
to complaints alleging violations of State Minimum Wage,
Maximum Hour, and Child Labor Laws, and the Safety and
Health Regulations. This represents only a very slight decrease
from the number of such investigations made during the previous
two-year period. The previous two-year period had witnessed
a sizeable increase in complaints brought about by the State
Minimum Wage Law.
Additional special investigations were made by the inspectors
in 55 industrial accident cases involving fatal or disabling in-juries
to workers. These investigations were made to determine
the exact causes of the accidents and to develop methods of pre-venting
similar accidents in the future.
Reinspections or compliance visits were made in 1,651 in-stances
to secure compliance with recommendations previously
made to correct violations of the Labor Laws and assist manage-ment
with problems arising in connection with safety, health
and working conditions.
A total of 11,075 conferences were held with employers, em-ployees
and others for the purpose of explaining the Minimum
Wage, Maximum Hour, and Child Labor Laws, and the Safety
and Health Regulations. This represents an increase of approxi-mately
2,000 over the number of such conferences held in the
previous two-year period. This increase may be attributed to the
fact that the Minimum Wage Law was in effect for the full
two-year period, the minimum was increased for the last 6
months of the period, and extra concentration was placed on
safety and health. In the last 6 months of the biennium, special
industry safety programs were begun in the wood furniture and
meat packing industries in connection with our accident pre-vention
program.
26 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
A total of 23,220 violations of the Labor Laws and Safety and
Health Regulations were found during the biennium. This was
an increase of 4^ per cent over the previous two-year period.
Compliances were reported in 22,346 instances. This barely ex-ceeded
the instances of compliance in the preceding biennium. A
detailed analysis and breakdown of these violations and com-pliances
will be found in Tables 7 and 8 which accompany
this report.
The 611 complaints and special inquiries received during the
biennium alleged possible violations of the Minimum Wage,
Maximum Hour, Child Labor Laws and unsafe and unhealthful
working conditions, inadequate or unsanitary toilet facilities,
inadequate ventilation and lighting of work places, and failure
to provide seats for female employees. These complaints were
given priority over routine inspection work and were investi-gated
immediately. In each case where violations were found,
immediate action was taken to correct them.
A total of $34,313.67 in back wages was paid to employees
under the provisions of the North Carolina Minimum Wage Law
during the calendar years 1962 and 1963. These payments were
made by 349 employers to 1,008 employees. They were made as
the result of 20,131 Minimum Wage Law inspections which
were completed during the two years. The payments were made
voluntarily, pursuant to the findings of our inspectors ; the stat-ute
does not give the Department of Labor the authority to
collect back wages for employees. While the back wages paid in
1962-63 represents only 48% of the total paid for 1960-61, there
was not as much concentration in Minimum Wage Inspections as
there was during the first two years of the Minimum Wage Act.
Moreover, there was a higher degree of compliance as a result
of inspections made earlier.
In accordance with the State-Federal Wage and Hour Agree-ment,
our inspectors made spot checks for compliance with the
Federal Wage and Hour Law on each routine inspection. Where
violations of the Federal Law were observed, a report containing
this information was submitted to the Raleigh Office.
The State-Federal Wage and Hour Agreement was terminated
as of September 30, 1963 by the Wage and Hour and Public
Contracts Divisions. During the 15 months of the biennium
during which the agreement was in effect, a total of 196 reports
were submitted by State inspectors indicating violations of
Federal Law. This represented an increase of 22i/
2 % over the
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 27
number of such reports submitted during the entire previous
biennium. This increase was due largely to extensive amend-ments
to the Federal Law which became effective September 3,
1961, including an increase in the Minimum Wage rate and
broadened coverage.
Also in accordance with the State-Federal agreement termi-nating
September 30, 1963, our Industrial Safety Inspectors
completed a total of 156 Safety and Health Inspections under
the Federal Public Contracts Act. These inspections were made
concurrently with their regular State Law inspections work in
establishments working on Government Contracts.
Where violations of State Labor Laws were considered wilful
and no disposition was shown to correct them, the Department
of Labor instituted legal actions. In one instance an employer
had employed minors illegally to sell doughnuts. The defendant
was found guilty of violating Section 110-8 of the Child Labor
Law. The defendant was fined and in addition was ordered to
pay costs of court, for a total of $36.20. In another case the de-fendant
plead guilty to violation of G. S. 110-8 of the Child
Labor Law and was ordered to pay a fine of $50.00 plus costs
of court. He was also placed under 3-year suspended sentence.
In still another case the defendant plead guilty to violation of
the State Child Labor Law on five counts and was fined $35.00
and court costs for a total of $40.85.
TABLE 7
VIOLATIONS NOTED DURING THE BIENNIUM JULY 1, 1962
THROUGH JUNE 30, 1964
INDUSTRY Child
Labor
Hours Record
Keeping
Posting
Labor
Law
Sanita-tion
Seats First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Safety Total
Textile Yarn & Weave Mills
Textile Knit Goods
11
19
2
34
7
13
34
2
27
1
5
21
52
1,866
1,022
51
180
89
109
12
37
10
49
1
36
3
18
2
11
4
5
13
25
382
542
34
23
40
26
3
12
2
14
16
5
6
4
7
9
3
24
43
592
280
32
36
54
54
7
24
9
97
10
49
81
36
7
15
33
16
68
162
904
712
45
53
109
238
103
74
30
36
3
76
56
105
22
14
26
22
85
61
212
43
58
9
53
31
1
1
36
2
1
7
13
1
10
12
6
3
1
3
4
19
6
8
2
4
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
3
4
18
1
1
1
2
2,713
699
449
694
107
335
1,128
1,070
250
103
407
308
1,512
447
846
108
316
41
359
216
2,858
879
Other Textiles - 503
924
Tobacco Manufacturing.
Apparel Manufacturing
122
532
1,299
Furniture Manufacturing 1,277
290
178
Chemical Manufacturing 486
364
Other Manufacturing., 1,745
800
4,864
2,709
Laundries & Dry Cleaning 539
343
710
Other Non-Manufacturing 679
Grand Total. 3,545 1,273 1,196 2,675 1,119 41 102 42 12,108 22,101
28 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
TABLE 8
COMPLIANCES NOTED DURING THE BIENNIUM JULY 1, 1962
THROUGH JUNE 30, 1964
INDUSTRY Child
Labor
Hours Record
Keeping
Posting
Labor
Law
Sanita-tion
Seats First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Safety Total
Textile Yarn & Weave Mills
Textile Knit Goods
Other Textiles
Food Products
Tobacco Manufacturing
Apparel Manufacturing
Lumber and Timber
Furniture Manufacturing...
Paper and Pulp
Printing
Chemical Manufacturing
Stone, Clay & Glass
Other Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Eating & Drinking
Laundries & Dry Cleaning..
Amusement
Other Service
Other Non-Manfacturing...
Grand Total
13
19
1
34
7
14
34
2
22
2
5
20
46
1,969
1,044
50
196
91
102
52
1
42
7
19
3
11
3
6
12
32
397
560
53
15
39
23
5
15
29
21
9
9
4
9
12
1
23
53
077
301
37
37
81
57
39
6
15
32
1!)
72
173
,027
SIS
49
57
122
250
122
103
34
44
5
85
70
140
18
IS
23
35
113
64
271
74
93
12
87
32
2,541
723
453
639
119
307
1,138
1,079
242
96
417
278
1,501
426
883
132
369
42
390
187
2,716
946
505
905
134
531
1,351
1,332
279
172
490
348
1,758
807
5,293
2,930
660
360
818
655
3,671 1,338 1,380 2,985 1,443 66 11,962 22,990
BUREAU OF BOILER INSPECTIONS
S. F. Harrison, Supervisor
North Carolina has regulated the design, construction, opera-tion
and maintenance of boilers for the past 27 years. Our
original State Boiler Law was enacted by the General Assembly
in 1935. For more than a quarter-century, this law has been
an important factor in the protection of life and property from
the disastrous results of boiler explosions. Its usefulness has in-creased
along with the increase in power and heating demands
of an industrially expanding State.
The Boiler Law, Rules and Regulations are safety measures
to prevent loss of life, limb and property. They apply to all high
and low pressure boilers, hot water boilers and hot water supply
tanks except those specifically exempt under General Statute
95-60.
An adequate boiler inspection service determines the need
for periodic boiler repairs and replacements. Without such a
service, boilers will deteriorate more rapidly and the likelihood
of destructive explosions will increase.
When either the State Boiler Inspectors or insurance com-pany
inspectors make an inspection, the owner or operator of
the boiler is instructed in its safe care and maintenance. These
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 29
instructions not only help to prevent explosions; they help the
boiler and tank owners financially.
Our boiler regulations are formulated by the State Board of
Boiler Rules. Five of the six members of this Board are ap-pointed
by the Governor. These include a representative of the
owners and users of steam boilers, an experienced boiler man-ufacturer,
an insurance company representative, a representa-tive
of the operating steam engineers, and a licensed heating
contractor. By statutory authority, the Commissioner of Labor
serves as Chairman of this Board.
The State Boiler Inspectors inspect only uninsured boilers;
insurance companies provide the necessary inspection service
for insured boilers. The insurance companies are required to
furnish the Bureau of Boiler Inspections copies of their inspec-tion
reports, which are subject to review and approval by the
Chief Boiler Inspector.
Our experience prior to enactment of the Boiler Law illus-trates
the statement that there is a lot of history which isn't
fit to repeat itself. In three years time during the period 1935-
38, at least 24 people were killed in boiler explosions in North
Carolina. Another 29 people were seriously injured and property
was damaged extensively.
When our boiler inspection program got under way in earnest
in 1936, we found that many boilers not only were not being
maintained in a safe operating condition, but were being oper-ated
with almost every imaginable lack of commonsense precau-tions
and safety devices. In the two-year period 1936-38, we
had to condemn approximately 500 boilers as unfit for further
use.
Our inspection and certification work achieved rapid results
in bringing safer operation of boilers in the State. During the
two years 1938-40, boiler explosion fatalities were reduced to
three, disabling injuries to six, and only 80 more boilers had to
be condemned.
Since the 1930's, we have had the boiler safety situation under
increasingly effective control. For the most part, boiler ex-plosions
have become a rarity. Few people are now killed or
injured in this type of accident.
Our original Boiler Law enacted in 1935 made only high pres-sure
boilers subject to inspection and certification. The law
was amended in 1951 to apply also to low pressure steam and
hot water heating boilers and supply tanks. Many thousands of
30 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
these are in use throughout the State. The amendment making
these low-pressure vessels subject to inspection and certifica-tion
was a milestone in improving the North Carolina Boiler
Law.
We are pleased to report that no high-pressure or low-pressure
boiler explosions occurred in North Carolina during the 1962-64
biennium.
The State has not been so fortunate with regard to water
heaters. During the five-month period from February through
June, 1964, a total of six highly destructive hot water tank ex-plosions
were reported and investigated by this Bureau. One of
these was in a commercial establishment and the other five were
in private homes.
Investigation of these explosions and subsequent laboratory
tests revealed that the explosions were caused by a combination
of thermostatic failure and use of plastic materials which will
not withstand high temperatures for construction of certain
internal components of the water heaters.
The sequence of events leading up to the explosions was shown
to be as follows
:
(1) The water heater thermostat failed, causing a continued
rise in temperature and pressure in the tank.
(2) The high temperature caused the tank's internal plastic
components to melt. After melting and falling apart, these com-ponents
rose to the top of the tank and some of them plugged
the relief valve, making it unable to function.
(3) Temperature and pressure continued to build up in the
tank until it exploded.
In response to this situation, the Board of Boiler Rules on
June 4, 1964 adopted the following requirement and added it to
the North Carolina Boiler Rules and Regulations
:
"Dip tubes, supply and hot water nipples, supply water
baffles or heat traps when used in hot water supply, stor-age
tanks or heaters shall be constructed and tested to
withstand a temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit with-out
deteriorating in any manner, and the tank so labeled
by the manufacturer."
This new rule was approved by Governor Terry Sanford on
the day following its adoption by the Board.
In the same meeting, the Board of Boiler Rules recommended
that on high-recovery type water heaters equipped with plastic
dip tubes, (1) the present plastic dip tubes be removed and
Biennial Report of The Department op Labor 31
replaced by dip tubes that will meet the standard established
by the new regulation, or (2) the present plastic dip tubes be
removed and the feed water fed through the tank at the bottom.
Copies of the new rule were sent to all North Carolina water
heater and tank manufacturers, consulting engineers, architects,
school superintendents, city business managers, and chairmen of
the Boards of County Commissioners. The rule also was pub-lished
in the "North Carolina Plumbing and Heating Forum"
and in publications of the American Gas Association and the
Underwriters Laboratories.
The Bureau has been in constant contact with the American
Gas Association and the Underwriters Laboratories regarding
these explosions and has recommended that they review their
standards and revise them sufficiently to prevent explosions
arising from the causes outlined above. Underwriters Labora-tories
have given us 100 per cent cooperation. However, the
American Gas Association has been somewhat reluctant.
Two weeks following the end of the 1962-64 biennial period,
the North Carolina Building Code Council accepted our adden-dum
to the Boiler Rules and Regulations covering hot water
tank dip tubes. The Council also has under consideration a
proposal to adopt Section 8, Rule 5, of the Boiler Rules and
Regulations which covers relief valves for hot water tanks.
In addition to the explosions discussed above, this Bureau
has investigated more than a dozen "near misses" of explosions
with hot water tanks involving cases where the plastic dip tubes
had deteriorated, but were noticed or called to someone's atten-tion
in time for the tanks to be made secure prior to explosions
which would have occurred if nothing had been done to prevent
them.
Hot water tank manufacturers and plastic dip tube manu-facturers
have given our office full cooperation in correcting this
highly dangerous condition.
During the 1962-64 biennium, we have continued to give
special attention to individuals who requested boiler inspections.
From the accompanying activity, production, income and expense
report tables, it will be noted that both the work and the income
of the Boiler Bureau increased substantially during the past two
years.
Income received by the Bureau increased 31 per cent, rising
from $106,050.74 in 1960-62 to $139,883.41 in 1962-64.
Inspection reports received and reviewed increased 12 per
32 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
cent, rising from 49,428 in 1960-62 to 55,394 in 1962-64.
The number of operating certificates issued increased 29 per
cent, rising from 42,717 to 55,013.
The total number of boilers and hot water tanks in our active
files increased nine per cent during the biennium, rising from
52,001 to 56,573.
The present schedule of fees charged for boiler and tank in-spections
and operating certificates was established in 1951.
Because of the rising cost of supplies, travel, and salaries, it is
our opinion that we should approach the General Assembly for
an increase in inspection and operating certificate fees, so that
the Bureau of Boiler Inspections may continue to operate upon
a reasonably self-supporting basis. Operating certificate fees
should be increased to $2.00. The State boiler inspection fees
for high pressure boilers should be increased accordingly. The
fees for inspecting low pressure boilers and hot water tanks
should be readjusted to take into account the time involved in
making these inspections. These needs should be called to the
attention of the 1963 General Assembly.
A detailed accounting of the Boiler Bureau's inspection
activities, revenues received, and operating expenses will be
found in the tables which follow.
North Carolina Board of Boiler Rules
Frank Crane, Commissioner of Labor, Raleigh, Chairman
Grover L. Dillon, Jr., Raleigh, Representing Boiler
Manufacturers
Wilkes C. Price, Asheville, Representing Licensed Heating
Contractors
W. M. Reading, Jr., Greenville, Representing Boiler Owners
and Users
W. E. Shuping, Jr., Charlotte, Representing Insurance
Companies
W. C. Wallin, Winston-Salem, Representing Operating
Engineers
TABLE 9
BUREAU OF BOILER INSPECTIONS
Revenues and Expenses July 1, 1962 - June 30, 1964
Attending Board Meetings $ 491.41
Salaries and Wages 133,248.27
Office Supplies and Printing 3,006.88
Postage, Telephone, and Telegrams 4,698.97
General Expense, Bonding Employees, Repairs,
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 33
Reimbursement to State College 602.32
Travel Expense 20,611.00
Office Equipment 1,118.18
TOTAL EXPENSE $163,777.03
Appropriated • $ 24,303.20
Collections 139,473.83
Total Income 163,777.03
Less: Total Expense 163,777.03
Amount Reverted 0-00
Total Fees Due $ 1,731.00
Repairs Pending 459
TABLE 10
BOILER BUREAU GROWTH RECORD
Biennium Ending Income
1964 $139,883.41
1962 106,050.74
1960 93,374.48
1958 78,565.39
1956 53,615.14
1954 43,626.98
1952 34,848.30
1950 18,717.08
1948 13,727.10
1946 6,833.00
TABLE 11
REPORT OF BOILER BUREAU
July 1, 1962 through June 30, 1964
Revenue received for calendar month of
Certificate fees $ 27,749.00
State inspections 110,605.79
Commissions (Insurance Companies) 1,392.00
Symbol Stamps for stamping boilers (Sold to
Insurance Companies) 127.42
TOTAL $139,874.21
TABLE 12
COMBINED REPORT OF INSPECTORS' ACTIVITIES
July 1, 1962 through June 30, 1964
Number of
Inspections Income Disbursements
Externals 1,596
External fees collected $ 4,626.00
External fees due 1,748.00
Internals 3,697
Internal fees collected 8,635.00
Internal fees due 9,894.00
Generals 21,116
General fees collected 6,507.66
General fees due 47,851.20
Specials 106
Special fees collected 742.62
34 Biennial Report of The Department op Labor
TABLE 12—Continued
COMBINED REPORT OF INSPECTORS' ACTIVITIES
July 1, 1962 through June 30, 1964
Special fees due 3,138.34
Shop inspections 487
Shop fees collected 150.00
Shop fees due 21,223.62
Field assembly inspections 33
Field assembly fees collected
Field assembly fees due 1,379.30
Travel collected for inspections 56.50
Travel due for inspections 1,990.23
TOTAL—Inspections 27,035 $107,942.47
(Six (6) FIELD INSPECTORS)
Income Disbursements
Travel paid to Inspectors $18,111.13
Total salaries paid to Inspectors 71,263.77
Total amount paid to Inspectors $89,374.90
TOTAL INCOME TO DEPARTMENT $107,942.47
TOTAL AMOUNT PAID TO INSPECTORS 89,374.90
TOTAL INCOME IN EXCESS OF
DISBURSEMENTS $ 18,567.57
No fees collected for inspections.
TABLE 13
BOILER BUREAU ACTIVITY REPORT
July 1, 1962 through June 30, 1964
Accidents investigated 18
Complaints investigated 11
Compliance Visits 1244
Conferences 190
Boilers found insured 368
Boilers found out of use 693
Firms found out of business 185
Boilers or tanks condemned 34
Boilers or tanks junked 908
TOTAL 3651
TABLE 14
REPORT OF THE BOILER BUREAU
July 1, 1962 through June 30, 1964
Reports Received 55,394
Bills Sent Out 49,965
Certificates Issued 55,013
Repair Letters Issued 7,558
Correspondence
:
Dictated 672
Composed 4,720
Follow-up Letters 32,767
Form Letters of Insurance Cancellation 663
Repairs Complied 7,269
Total Fees Received $139,883.41
Boilers and tanks in active file:
Low pressure boilers and tanks 46,238
High Pressure boilers 7.644
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 35
TABLE 14—Continued
REPORT OF THE BOILER BUREAU
July 1, 1962 through June 30, 1964
Placed in out of use file 2,995
Condemned in out of use file 151
Pending File:
High pressure and low pressure boilers
and tanks 2,670
Non-Code 11
Condemned 10
Repair Pending Only 459
Fees Pending Only 512 $1,149.00
Fees and Repairs Pending 239 582.00
Total number of boilers (high and low pressure) and
hot water tanks in active file 56,573
Total Fees Pending $1,731.00
BUREAU OF ELEVATOR INSPECTIONS
Pryor E. Sugg, Chief
In this fourteenth Biennial Report of the Bureau of Elevator
Inspections, we are pleased to note much progress in the activi-ties
of the Bureau, as well as in the elevator industry. Many
technically improved, safer types of elevators, dumbwaiters, and
escalators are being installed in the State by manufacturers.
The past two years have witnessed an uptrend in the elevator
business in North Carolina. The cost of new elevator installa-tions
during the biennium, as estimated by elevator concerns,
totaled $7,378,472.50—an increase of 4.6 per cent over the
$7,048,371.44 reported for the 1960-62 biennial period.
Expansion programs of banks, hospitals and other businesses
and organizations, coupled with the high cost of urban building
lots, are causing taller buildings to be constructed in North
Carolina cities. Consequently, more and faster elevators are
being required to meet the traffic demands. Several additional
escalators and a number of dumbwaiters have been installed in
North Carolina buildings during the past two years.
It is necessary that the erectors of this modern and highly
complicated equipment be service men thoroughly trained for
the job. A little misadjustment with the controls of elevators
or escalators can bring about a seriously hazardous condition.
Prior to January, 1963, we were operating under the pro-visions
of the 1939 Elevator Code. During 1962 we revised our
Code and brought it up to date and into line with the American
36 Biennial Report of The Department op Labor
Standard Safety Code for Elevators, Dumbwaiters and Escala-tors,
1960 Edition. The revised Code was approved by the
Governor and the Commissioner of Labor, and became effective
in January, 1963. Revision of the Code has been of much benefit
to our Elevator Inspectors, as well as to architects and consult-ing
engineers. The revised Code describes each phase of elevator
operation thoroughly and spells out many essential safety
measures.
Despite much help which we receive from conscientious manu-facturers
of high quality elevator equipment, and from the pro-visions
of the new Code, an occasional "bootlegger" will sneak
in and install an off-brand, non-Code type of elevator. Of course,
when such equipment is found by our Elevator Inspectors, it is
condemned as being unsafe for use.
The revised Code covers moving walks, amusement devices
and a variety of special equipment. Due to the lack of specific
safety codes pertaining to these devices, not much has been
done so far in the way of enforcing the control over them which
is contained in the revised North Carolina Elevator Code. How-ever,
we are making progress in this direction by compiling
all possible information about these conveyances, with the view
of drafting a general code for all types of amusement devices
and special equipment.
Fear of overloading elevators is experienced by many of their
owners and users. However, this condition is taken care of when
the plans and specifications for elevators come into this Bureau
for review and approval. The Elevator Code requires that the
elevator car platform be of such size that the number of persons
who can stand up in the car can be transported safely without
taxing the capacity of the machine. To ascertain the number
of people who can safely be carried in an elevator, the machine's
capacity is divided by 150 pounds.
So long as elevators are properly maintained, they are the
safest form of transportation. However, this statement does
not necessarily apply to all of the elevators which were installed
prior to the time when the Elevator Code became effective. For
this reason, our Inspectors have to remain alert to be sure that
when the older elevators are changed from car-switch to auto-matic
push-button operation, the type of controls installed is in
keeping with the elevator's platform area and capacity. So long
as the elevator is operated by an attendant, the load can be con-trolled.
Without an attendant, if the platform of the car is large
Biennial Report op The Department of Labor 37
enough, it is likely at times to be overloaded with people.
Because of the foregoing circumstances, our Elevator Inspec-tors
pay special attention to the speed governors and car safety
devices of elevators. Some elevators are equipped with an over-load
device which will automatically stop the elevator when it
becomes overloaded.
Due to the height of many buildings now being built, a group
of elevators will be installed in one building. It has become a
frequent practice in such instances for the builders to complete
one elevator sufficiently for it to rate a temporary Certificate,
in order to transport the employees while the other elevators are
being finished. Before such a Certificate is issued, our Inspectors
carefully test all of the elevator's safety devices.
Our records indicate that there have been seven elevator
accidents in the State during the 1962-64 biennium. Two of
these were caused when people tampered with the elevator safety
devices. Two others occurred in elevators which had been con-demned
by the Department of Labor. Three were caused by
faulty equipment. However, we are pleased to note that there
were no elevator accidents in elevators displaying a State Cer-tificate.
The Elevator Safety Code was not made retroactive for
freight elevators, and several are still in operation which do not
rate a Certificate. However, these are inspected regularly until
such time as they may be replaced or removed from service.
A statistical summary of our activities during the 1962-64
biennium is contained in the table which follows.
TABLE 15
ELEVATOR INSPECTION REPORT
Summary of Activities from July 1, 1962 to June 30, 1964
Approval of plans and specifications for new installations . . . 416
Approval of plans and specifications for major repairs and
alterations of existing installations 113
Test and inspection of new elevator installations 457
Test and inspection of new dumbwaiters 209
Certificates issued for new installations 410
Kegular inspection of existing1 elevators 3,243
Elevators condemned for further use 69
Compliance inspections 219
Elevator accidents investigated 7
Conferences with various elevator concerns 333
Inspection of escalators 39
Certificates reissued for existing elevators 654
Elevators being replaced as a result of inspection
recommendations 26
Cost as estimated by elevator concerns for new elevator
equipment for the biennium $7,378,472.50
38 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
BUREAU OF MINE AND QUARRY INSPECTIONS
J. R. Brandon, Supervisor
Mineral Production
The value of North Carolina's mineral production reached an
all-time high during 1962—almost $49,000,000—but experienced
an $8,000,000 decline in 1963 with a production value of nearly
$41,000,000. The production values for the two-year period cov-ered
by this report—approximately $90,000,000—only slightly
exceeds the value of minerals produced during 1960 and 1961
—
approximately $89,500,000.
The loss in 1963, compared with 1962, was caused largely by a
decline during 1963 in values of sand and gravel, stone products,
tungsten ore and copper ore.
Losses and Gains
The Federal Government-subsidized purchase program for
sheet mica expired in June, 1962, and consequently the produc-tion
of sheet mica ceased almost entirely. Actually, very little
sheet mica was produced in the first half of 1962, and the pro-duction
values of mica remained fairly constant during 1962
and 1963, with scrap mica accounting for most of the value.
General market conditions remained fairly stable during the
two-year period. Stimulated by industrial development and gen-eral
growth of the North Carolina economy, the production of
stone products and sand and gravel—mostly for highway and
general construction purposes—reached new highs. However,
this combined category experienced approximately a $4,000,000
decrease in 1963, compared with 1962.
The Tungsten Mining Corporation's Hamme Mine in Vance
County, which had contributed heavily to overall mineral pro-duction
during its years of operation, closed—apparently perma-nently—
in January, 1963, due primarily to an unfavorable
market caused by foreign competition.
Appalachian Sulphide's Ore Knob copper mine in Ashe County
depleted its ore body and closed permanently in December, 1962.
The production of clay remained fairly stable during 1962
and 1963, and only a moderate decrease was experienced as
compared to the previous two-year period.
The value of talc and pyrophyllite increased slightly in 1962
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 39
and 1963 as supply, demand and market conditions remained
stable.
Slightly less feldspar was produced in 1962 and 1963, although
the market remained good. Competition among producers of this
mineral was keen. This may partially account for a slight re-duction
in value during the two years covered by this report.
During 1962 and 1963 there were several encouraging develop-ments
in North Carolina's mineral industry. A sizeable market
developed for crushed quartz for use mainly in exposed aggre-gate
building panels, and several new quartz mines were opened.
Foote Mineral Company at Kings Mountain continued devel-oping
and mining its deposit of spodumene.
In 1963, Texas Gulf Sulfur Company extracted the first phos-phate
from the extensive deposits of phosphate sands in Beau-fort
County.
Ideal Cement Company began mining marl in New Hanover
County to supply the principal raw material for its multi-million
dollar cement plant located near Castle Hayne.
There was renewed interest in North Carolina's deposits of
asbestos and olivine, and these minerals were mined at numerous
locations.
One gold mine, in Montgomery County, operated intermit-tently
during 1962 and 1963.
Outlook
The condition of North Carolina's mineral industry is sound,
and the future looks promising, provided general business con-ditions
remain stable. At present, the State's minerals producers
are not relying on Federal Government-subsidized programs
which have in the past caused periods of boom and bust.
The continued industrial development of North Carolina will
furnish a good market for its stone, sand and gravel. There are
indications that more and more products of the State's mines
will be made into finished consumer products within the State.
The Ideal Cement Company's operation at Castle Hayne, and the
impending development by Texas Gulf Sulfur Company of a
phosphate mining and refining complex in Beaufort County, are
good examples of this.
Several other companies are actively interested in the phos-phate
deposits in eastern North Carolina and have tentative
plans for mining and developing property which they control.
The present good demand for talc, pyrophyllite, feldspar, clay,
40 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
olivine, spodumene, quartz and asbestos is expected to continue,
and it is anticipated that the production of these minerals will
show moderate growth in the future.
Technological breakthroughs, discovery of new minerals in
economic quantities, and exploitation of known mineral deposits
may cause further development in North Carolina's minerals
industry.
Employment
In 1962 and 1963 employment in the mining and quarrying
industry remained fairly constant, with only a slight decline in
1963. Normally, approximately 4,000 North Carolinians are em-ployed
at mines and quarries. Additional workers engaged in
milling, processing, refining and otherwise directly connected
with the mining and quarrying industry boost the total to ap-proximately
6,500 employees.
In the foreseeable future, employment is expected to remain
fairly constant in production of North Carolina's "traditional"
minerals, with gains experienced primarily in the mining and
processing of phosphate.
On-the-Job Injuries
In 1962, there were 937 injuries reported to this Bureau. Of
these, 665 were minor, 267 were disabling or "lost-time", and
five were fatal. In 1963, 589 injuries were reported, of which 459
were minor, 126 were disabling or "lost-time" and four were
fatal. During the two-year period covered by this report, there
has been a marked reduction in the total number of injuries,
compared with 1960 and 1961, when 1,014 and 963 injuries, re-spectively,
were reported.
Despite the apparent progress made (slightly more than one-half
as many injuries occurred in 1963 as happened in 1960),
North Carolina's mining and quarrying industry continues to
have an extremely high lost-time injury frequency rate when
compared with other substantial industries. However, the trend
is generally in the right direction.
In the mining industry the lost-time injury frequency rate has
shown a substantial decrease over the past several years:
1960 88.3
1961 71.2
1962 59.8
1963 51.1 (preliminary)
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 41
The quarrying industry has shown no similar steady decline
and has remained fairly constant over the last few years
:
1960 19.0
1961 27.3
1962 28.6
1963 27.3 (preliminary)
During the two years covered by this report, nine employees
in the minerals industry lost their lives as the result of injuries
received during the course of employment. Six were fatally in-jured
in mines, and three suffered similar fates in pits and
quarries. In the previous two-year period, three minerals indus-try
employees lost their lives.
Bureau Staff and Operations
During the July, 1962 to June, 1964 biennium, the Bureau of
Mine and Quarry Inspections continued to operate with two
inspectors, one stenographer and one supervisor in a concerted
effort to reduce on-the-job injuries in the mining and quarrying
industry and in other industries in which the Bureau is charged
with the responsibility of eliminating known health hazards.
Important parts of our program included a general educational
effort featuring information and accident analysis bulletins,
technical assistance coupled with rigid inspections of physical
facilities, reinspections and active assistance to operators of
mines and quarries in establishing, and maintaining effective
safety programs.
In the two-year period, personnel of this Bureau made 1,297
inspections and 381 reinspections, held 379 conferences, investi-gated
18 complaints and 14 accidents, found 2,226 violations of
the General Statutes and rules and regulations, and caused 1,912
of the violations to be corrected. Eight special safety directives
were prepared and distributed and several active safety pro-grams
were initiated with the Bureau's assistance.
Other Duties and Programs
The project which was started in the previous biennium, to
have proper fences erected around all hazardous mines and
quarries, has been continued and has met with reasonable
success. During this biennium, nearly 200 hazardous openings
were fenced upon the Bureau's recommendation; however, this
number represents only a small fraction of such openings in
42 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
North Carolina. This program has been carried on in connection
with the Bureau's regular inspection program, and in general
the openings fenced were those which have recently operated.
Personnel limitations have prevented the Bureau from attempt-ing
to locate hazardous openings which resulted from operations
which closed years ago.
This Bureau has been assigned the responsibility of seeing
that known health hazards are eliminated in all North Carolina
industry. This specialized phase of the Bureau's work was ex-tended
during the biennium (in addition to the mines, quarries
and mineral processing plants already being serviced) to textile
mills, machine shops, laundries, aircraft overhaulers, electrical
appliance manufacturers, plywood and veneer plants, manu-facturers
of monuments, storage battery manufacturers, foun-dries,
plastic foam manufacturers, and the electronics industry.
In general, work of this nature was performed in close and
continuous cooperation with the Occupational Health Section of
the State Board of Health.
The Bureau has continued, through technical advice, to assist
operators of North Carolina mines, quarries, mineral processing
plants, foundries, monument plants and others in the so-called
"dusty trades", to bring their operations into compliance with
the minimum health and safety standards administered by the
Department of Labor, so that these firms could obtain work-men's
compensation insurance through the Assigned Risk Pro-gram
of the Compensation Rating and Inspection Bureau of
North Carolina. Many of these operations were small and did
not have employees with the technical training necessary to
|
bring themselves into compliance through the installation of
proper equipment and the initiation of desirable procedures.
Needed Personnel
With the rapid industrial development of North Carolina,
occupational disease hazards have increased tremendously in
number and scope over the past several years. Consequently,
North Carolina workers are being exposed to hazards which did
not exist even a few years ago. When such hazards to health are
found, it is the assigned duty of this Bureau to see that they are
eliminated.
At the present time, elimination of these health hazards is
being handled mostly by the Supervisor. However, it has become
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 43
increasingly difficult for one person to handle the duties normally-associated
with this office and at the same time do justice toward
the elimination of known health hazards in all North Carolina
industry. Both phases of the work are considered equally im-portant,
but it is almost impossible to make headway in one area
of responsibility without letting the other suffer from lack of
attention.
There is a pressing need for the addition of at least one
chemist or chemical engineer to the Bureau's staff, or elsewhere
within the Department of Labor, so that a more realistic and
meaningful effort may be directed toward the known and the
ever-increasing number of health hazards to which North Caro-lina
workmen are exposed.
Statutes Need Revising
The need for a general revision of the Statutes pertaining to
mines and quarries still exists for the reasons expressed in the
previous biennial report. This Bureau recommends that a whole-sale,
not piecemeal, study of this section of the Labor Laws be
made by a responsible group representative of all interested
parties and that appropriate recommendations be made to the
General Assembly.
Statistics
Detailed statistical information regarding the operation of
the Bureau of Mine and Quarry Inspections will be found in tKe
accompanying tables.
TABLE 16
Injury Report of Mine & Quarry Operations, as Reported by Industry,
for the Calendar Year 1962
Minor
Injuries Number
No Time Lost Time Fatal Total Days
Lost Injuries Injuries Injuries Lost
MINES:
Clays—(Includes Kaolin
and Halloysite) 2 1 3 32
Feldspar 14 9 1 24 6,141
Mica 26 11 37 300
Talc and Pyrophyllite 63 24 87 4.790
Undistributed 188 85 2 275 15.397
293 130 3 426 26,660
QUARRIES:
Stone Products 292 111 2 405 17,412
PITS:
Sand and Gravel 80 26 106 235
TOTAL 665 267 5 937 44,307
44 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
TABLE 17
Injury Report of Mine & Quarry Operations, as Reported by Industry,
for the Calendar Year 1963
Minor
Injuries Number
No Time Lost Time Fatal Total Days
Lost Injuries Injuries Injuries Lost
MINES:
Clays—(Includes Kaolin
and Halloysite) ....
Feldspar
Mica
Talc and Pyrophyllite .
Undistributed
QUARRIES:
Stone Products
PITS:
Sand and Gravel
TOTAL 459
4 1 5 20
17 6 23 113
10 4 14 66
51 23 3 77 20,953
22 10 32 108
104 44 3 151 21,260
290 69 1 360 8,710
65 13 78 172
126 589 30,142
TABLE 18
Violations and Compliances in Mines, Quarries and Sand and Gravel Pits
July 1, 1962- June 30, 1964
Industry
Number
Establishments
Found in
Violation
State
Labor
Laws
Safety &
Health
Regulations Total
Mines, Quarries, Sand
and Gravel Pits 845
Violations 23
Compliances 23
2203
1889
2226
1912
TABLE 19
Annual Report of Mines, Quarries and Pits for Calendar Year 1962
Number of
Mines,
Quarries
and Pits
Reporting
Mineral
Number
Em-ployed
Payroll
Executives
and Office
Personnel
Payroll
Other
Employees
Quantity
(Short Tons
unless
otherwise
indicated)
Value
6 Clays (Includes Kaolin & Halloysite;
120
203
257
356
524
2,275
164
680
$ 42,824
85,320
90,108
228,079
326,811
843,048
98,843
508,637
I 299,944
422,966
622,379
1,200,301
614,653
5,727,741
564,977
2,445,656
113,230
468,604
69,982
5,523,185
3,517,656
21,651,097
105,858
440,944
$ 672,000
26 1,183,916
23 2,012,914
29 6,243,675
* 11 Stone Products & Sand, State High-
2,562,077
117 29,232,465
13 Talc & Pyrophyllite 2,001,682
** 13 4,943,744
238 4,579 $ 2,223,670 $11,898,617 31,890,556 $48,852,473
*Represents Quarries and Pits operated by State Highway Commission with State Employees and Prison Labor.
Approximately 200 Sand Pits operated intermittently in addition to the eleven Quarries.
"Includes: Asbestos, Copper, Gold, Lead, Magnetite, Olivine, Quartz, Silver, Spodumene and Tungsten.
Statistics cannot be shown separately without revealing production values of individual concerns.
rec
Biennial Report op The Department of Labor 45
TABLE 20
ANNUAL REPORT OF MINES, QUARRIES AND
FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1963
PITS
Number of
Mines,
Quarries
and Pita
Reporting
Mineral
Number
Em-ployed
Payroll
Executives
and Office
Personnel
Payroll
Other
Employees
Quantity
(Short Tons
unless
otherwise
indicated)
Value
4 Clays (Includes Kaolin & Halloysite;
72
209
266
318
321
2,196
175
283
$ 105,000
90,584
77,911
181,926
83,050
911,474
120,569
220,022
$ 195,320
494,181
448,725
1,166,293
619,533
5,455,747
544,394
487,048
109,623
511,111
84,563
4,828,744
3,064,249
19,717,963
95,125
327,848
f 642,395
28 2,200,998
17 1,924,190
29 5,032,377
9 Stone Products and Sand, State High-
2,006,385
126 26,271,718
13 1,769,670
** 23 1,032,587
249 3,840 S 1,790,536 $ 9,411,241 28,739,226 $40,880,320
•Represents Quarries and Pits operated by State Highway Commission with State Employees and Prison Labor.
Approximately 200 Sand Pits operated intermittently in addition to the nine Quarries.
"Includes: Andalucite, Asbestos, Gold, Magnetite, Marl, Olivine, Phosphate, Quartz, Sericite, Silver, Spodumene,
Tellurium and Tungsten.
Statistics cannot be shown separately without revealing production values of individual concerns.
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY INSPECTIONS
H. M. Brosius, Supervisor
The industrial and technological facilities of North Carolina
continued to grow in volume and versatility during the 1962-64
biennium. The State attained 10th. rank among the 50 states
of the union in the total number of workers employed in manu-facturing.
This industrial growth made necessary the further
expansion of trade and service facilities, highways, essential
utilities such as water plants, sewer systems, gas and oil pipe-lines
and terminals, and electric power plants.
Both residential and nonresidential building construction con-tinued
to expand. The year 1964 became the seventh consecutive
year during which the total volume of building reached a new
high in North Carolina's 36 cities of more than 10,000 population.
More and more shopping centers, schools, churches, hospitals,
recreation centers, and other public and private buildings have
been built. Industrial and office buildings of increasing height
and size have been constructed. At the end of the biennium, there
was no indication that any leveling off of this "boom" in con-struction
activity would take place in the near future.
An interesting fact about this new construction is that about
46 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
65 per cent of it has been going up outside of incorporated city
limits.
An estimated $1,500,000,000 worth of new construction has
been started and currently is in different stages of completion in
North Carolina.
Some 77,000 to 80,000 construction workers are employed by
about 7,000 licensed contractors in the State. During the 1962-64
biennial period, these workers and employers were engaged in
work upon some 2,000 building projects of $50,000 or more
value each, as well as upon countless smaller projects. Many of
these projects were still in process of erection at the end of the
biennium.
The Construction Safety Division made almost 4,000 inspec-tions
and reinspections of these projects during the biennium
to assist in the prevention of accidental injuries to workers and
to help curtail the economic waste ensuing from such accidents.
This inspection program must be maintained and amplified if
North Carolina is to continue to make progress in construction
safety. At present, we are about 35 per cent below the average
accident frequency rate for the United States in the construction
trades.
Accident control in the construction industry should not stop
with mere inspection for minimum safety standards. We could
never obtain enough personnel to prevent accidents through in-spections
alone. Therefore, we will continue to emphasize the
importance of safety meetings, safety training schools, bulletins
on accident prevention, and the use of audio-visual materials in
meetings of construction personnel. We will continue to conduct
these meetings and provide these materials in order to help con-struction
men to develop better safety policies and better ac-cident
control of their own projects.
Our policy of safety engineering, education and cooperation
with workers and employers in the construction industry has
paid off during the biennium in the reduction of injuries and
curtailment of financial losses. An example of the effectiveness
of this program is the decrease which has taken place in trench-ing
and other excavation accidents during the past few years.
With the cooperation of the construction industry, this type of
accident has decreased by about 85 per cent since 1958-59.
Instrumental in effecting this great improvement was our illus-trated
Bulletin No. 1, "Trenching", which was circulated to all
contractors several years ago.
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 47
In 1959-60 our second bulletin, "Electrical Standards", was
developed, printed, and given wide circulation in the electrical
and construction industry. Since that time, there has been a
reduction of more than 50 per cent in serious electrical shock
accidents caused by portable electrical tools and other electrical
equipment.
Another major cause of construction accidents, "Material
Hoists", was made the subject of Bulletin No. 3 following much
observation and study. This bulletin analyses the causes and
methods of control of accidents resulting from the improper use
of hoists. With the cooperation of the construction industry, we
hope to obtain as good results in this field as have been secured
in trenching and electrical operations.
The Construction Safety Division during the biennium de-veloped
four 30-minute audio-visual programs for the training
of construction personnel in accident prevention methods. These
slide-tape programs feature the presentation of good construction
operations and equipment used by North Carolina contractors
during the past three years. Each tape outlines the reasons why
the operations and equipment are good and why the projects
where they were used had good accident records. The Associated
General Contractors, employee groups and municipal agencies
are making good use of these educational materials for training
their personnel in accident prevention.
A cover-page editorial from a recent issue of the AGC
"Weekly Bulletin" had this to say about our construction safety
work:
"In recent years, North Carolina has gained nationwide stature
as a State in which labor-management problems are held to an
absolute minimum, and one in which successful on-the-job safety
programs are a rule rather than the exception. As a result, the
State has achieved remarkable results in attracting new firms.
". . . The Construction Safety Inspection Service, an operating
Bureau of the Department for the past ten years, works in
coordination with contractors to reduce the industry's accident
rates. Emphasis is placed on education and voluntary compliance.
". . . The Inspection Service has developed a series of audio-visual
materials concerning construction accident problems, and
has shown them to construction supervisory personnel at a
number of meetings."
These quotes from the official organ of the North Carolina con-struction
industry show in what esteem the Construction Safety
48 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
Division of the Department of Labor is held by that industry.
We will do our utmost to maintain this high regard. With the
addition of qualified personnel from time to time, as the volume
of construction increases, we will be able to carry on successfully
these growing educational and engineering programs.
The major activities of the Construction Safety Division dur-ing
the 1962-64 biennium are summarized in the accompanying
table.
TABLE 21
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY INSPECTION WORK
July 1, 1962 -June 30, 1964
Value of Number of
Building Building Number of Number of
Project Project Number of Number of Safety Complaints
Biennial Contracts Contracts Building Workers on Meetings & Number of from
Period Let over Let over Projects Projects Conferences Serious Workers
$50,000 & To $50,000 & Insp. or Inspected With Accidents Investigated
be Insp. To Be Insp. Reinsp. Or Reinsp. Workers Investigated and Solved
1962
June—Dec. S 107,526,000 325 1,064 41,311 1,372 38 1
1963
Jan.—June..
1963
June—Dec.
.
$ 128,839,000 452 987 40,479 1,204 27 6
$ 453,960,000 570 912 42,735 1,125 21 4
1964
Jan.—June.. $ 178,182,000 553 739 34,049 1,006* 17 2
Total
Biennium $ 868,513,000 1,900 3,702 158,574 4,707 103 13
"Larger groups of construction workers attended safety meetings during this period, such as "Supervisor Safety Training
Programs" given jointly with the Associated General Contractors and the Federal Labor Department. A total of
5,250 men attended these meetings.
SPECIAL SAFETY SERVICES
W. C. Creel, Supervisor
Highlights in the work of the Special Safety Services Section
of the Division of Standards and Inspections were the saving by
North Carolina industry of over a million dollars in Workmen's
Compensation insurance premiums as a result of a reduction in
insurance rates; cooperation in the development of an industrial
lighting film; the starting of special safety programs in the
Wood Furniture Industry and the Meat Packing Industry; and
the beginning of a revision of the general Safety Code for North
Carolina industry. Activities in the awards field, industrial ac-cident
frequency rate collection and compilation, and partici-pation
in special work for the fertilizer industry and the lumber
industry, were continued at a progressive rate.
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 49
Workmen's Compensation insurance rate reductions for 1963-
64 reflected a saving of over one million dollars for North Caro-lina
industrial and service establishments. These reductions
continued to reflect the most favorable picture of comparatively
low rates for North Carolina establishments.
While the North Carolina Department of Labor has nothing
to do with the Workmen's Compensation rate structure, the
Special Safety Services of the Division of Standards and In-spections
is constantly developing safety services which make it
possible for industry and service establishments to reduce on-the-
job accidents and injuries and cause reductions in insurance
costs for injuries. This improvement in cost experience has made
it possible for N. C. Workmen's Compensation rates to be among
the lowest in the nation.
The disabling injury frequency rates for North Carolina
establishments continue to be most favorable. The 1963 rate, as
shown by the Preliminary 1963 table indicates that the All-
Manufacturing Industry rate for 1963 is 7.8. This is considerably
lower than the B. L. S. national rate of 11.3 and nearly maintains
the record low rate of 7.7 for 1962.
The information for compiling the All-Industry as well as the
industry classification rates is secured through a system of
collection by the field representatives of the Department. The
rates prove most valuable in determining the industries for
which special services are needed. In addition, individual plant
representatives use the frequency rates as a tool to determine
their safety progress.
It has long been recognized that there is a great need for im-proved
lighting in North Carolina industry. Cooperative work
of several years resulted in the producing of a film by the Safety
Advisory Board of the North Carolina Department of Labor, the
Visual Aids Department at State College under the sponsorship
of the Industrial Extension Service, the Illuminating Engineer-ing
Society, and the American Institute of Plant Engineers,
depicting industrial lighting installations in North Carolina
factories. This North Carolina Industrial Lighting Film will be
available to North Carolina industry and should be a big step in
a movement to get better lighting for our industrial operations.
Through the full cooperation of two progressive trade as-sociations,
special safety programs were started for the Wood
Furniture Industry and the Meat Packing Industry.
50 Biennial Report op The Department of Labor
The Wood Furniture program is being conducted with the
cooperation of the Southern Furniture Manufacturers' Associ-ation.
After an industry survey and on-the-job special training
for the 25 Industrial Safety Inspectors who are conducting the
field work for this program, the first visits were made to almost
300 plants in the industry. A second visit will be made in the fall
of 1964 and a final visit in 1965. In the meantime, a study of the
injuries occurring in the participating plants is being made and
special safety pamphlets are being prepared to meet these
problems.
The Meat Packing Program is being conducted with the
cooperation of the North Carolina Meat Packing Association.
A special safety committee from this association helped prepare
plans for the program. After a training school at a large plant
in the industry, the Department's 25 Industrial Safety Inspectors
made their first visits to each of the plants participating in the
program. Four more visits will be made in the next two years.
In the meantime, special safety pamphlets are being prepared to
meet the needs of the industry as shown by an analysis of the
injuries which occurred in the participating plants during 1963.
To meet the changing safety and health standards in industry,
work was started on the revision of the Rules and Regulations
Governing Work Places and Working Conditions. These are the
basic rules and regulations governing safety and health require-ments
in North Carolina industrial and service establishments.
The full assistance of the Safety Advisory Board of the Depart-ment,
consisting of twenty-two persons in charge of safety in
leading industrial plants in our State, is being used in this
revision. The plan being followed is to bring the basic rules and
regulations up to date, and furnish comprehensive information
by supplementary materials on most needed topics. These Rules
& Regulations should be ready for approval early in 1965.
Continued cooperation with the North Carolina Forestry Asso-ciation,
and the Eastern North Carolina Lumber Manufacturers'
Association, resulted in a series of sawmill safety meetings being
conducted in eastern North Carolina. Plans were started for a
series of similar meetings on logging. The series of meetings did
much to stimulate interest on the part of management and key
supervisors in accident prevention and should be the beginning
of a movement to reduce drastically the large number of injuries
and the high resulting costs in the Lumber Industry.
A most important phase of the work of the Special Safety
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 51
Services Division is the program of Awards. During the bien-nium
a total of 1,621 safety awards were issued to industrial and
service establishments. This brings the grand total of safety-awards
issued since the program started to 13,931. During the
two years, 1,080 of the awards were given in public presentations
sponsored jointly by the Department of Labor, and the local
Chambers of Commerce.
North Carolina is the nation's largest user and the largest
producer of commercial fertilizer. For many years, North Caro-lina
fertilizer plants have been leaders in the safety movement
in this industry. To continue this progress in North Carolina
and in the nation, the Supervisor of Special Safety Services has
been active as an officer in the Fertilizer Section of the National
Safety Council. Two regional safety schools were successfully
conducted in Wilmington, N. C. during the past two years.
The best possible cooperation between industry and the North
Carolina Department of Labor has resulted in continued progress
in industrial safety for North Carolina industry. This continued
progress reflects the work and the success of the Special Safety
Services section of the Division of Standards and Inspections.
SAFETY ADVISORY BOARD
North Carolina Department of Labor
W. G. Alligood, Personnel Director
American & Efird Mills, Inc.
Mount Holly, N. C.
Kenneth Austin, Safety Director
Duke Power Company
Power Bide:.
Charlotte 1, N. C.
Jesse D. Brown, Safety Director
American Enka Corporation
Enka, N. C.
William S. Fowler, Safety Director
Drexel Furniture Company, Inc.
Drexel, N. C.
H. B. Gaylord, Personnel Director
Weyerhaeuser Company
N. C. Pulp Company Subsidiary
Plymouth. N. C.
G. E. Midyette, Safety Director
Superior Stone Company
Division of Martin-Marietta Corp.
Raleigh, N. C.
George Harper, Safety Director
Sidney Blumenthal & Company, Inc.
Rocky Mount, N. C.
T. B. Ipock, Jr., Director
Industrial Relations
Wix Corporation
Box 471
Gastonia, N. C.
Wilford G. Jones, Safety Director
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
Winston-Salem, N. C.
W. L. Loy, Ass't Area Personnel Dir
Scotland Mills, Inc.
Laurel Hill, N. C.
Sidney F. Marsh
Industrial Relations Dept.
Burlington Industries, Inc.
Greensboro, N. C.
J. D. Patterson. Safety Director
Hanes Hosiery Mills Company
Winston-Salem, N. C.
52 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
Joel F. Moody, Superintendent J. J. Plasky
Ralston Purina Company Safety & Compensation Director
Raleigh, N. C. Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Hallsboro, N. C.
Fred F. Murphy, Safety Director
Hickory Manufacturing Company Martin Quinncannon
Hickory, N. C. Safety Supervisor
Western Electric Company
Zalph Rochelle, Personnel Director Winston-Salem, N. C.
Tomlinson's of High Point
High Point, N. C. H E> Newbury, Safety Director
Hazel W. Ramsey, Safety Supervisor gcuste Paper Division
Champion Papers, Inc. g?m Mathieson Chemical Corp.
Carolina Division PlSffah Forest' N' C'
Canton, N. C.
Charles Shaw, Dir. of Ind. Rels.
H. E. Williams, Safety Director Thompson-Arthur Paving Company
Fieldcrest Mills, Inc. Drawer 840
Spray, N. C. Greensboro, N. C.
TABLE 22
DISABLING INJURY FREQUENCY RATES
IN NORTH CAROLINA INDUSTRIES
Final, 1962, Compared with Final, 1961
Disabling Disabling Injury
Industry Plants Manhours Injury Frequency Rates
1962 1962 1962 1962 1961
MANUFACTURING
Chemical:
Drugs, Insecticides and Paints 31 1,848,647
Fertilizer (Manufacturing
and Mixing) 67 4,267,929
Miscellaneous Chemical and
Allied Products 109 14,957,341
Clay, Cement and Stone
:
Block, Pipe and Cement 138 6,214,305
Brick, Tile and Pottery 40 4,395,960
Electrical:
General 44 35,852,297
Furniture:
Wood, Upholstered 149 23,123,085
Wood, (Except Upholstered) .
.
231 69,396,090
Iron and Steel:
Foundries 40 5,340,528
Machine Manufacturing 55 8,670,670
Machine Shop 286 16,467,117
Sheet Metal 126 7,837,245
Not Elsewhere Classified 168 16,746,691
Leather
:
Tanning, Manufacturing Shoes,
Belting, and Rolls 15 3,870,168 41 10.5 10.8
Lumber
:
Logging, Sawing and Planing . 330 16,231,661
Millwork 153 6,149,210
Plywood and Veneer 72 9,198,695
Miscellaneous Wood Products . 117 6,762,941
Mining:
Mines 64 1,587,932
Pits and Quarries 155 3,660.339
Processing Plants 38 5,138,805
8 4.3 10.8
55 12.8 13.4
64 4.2 3.9
148
115
23.8
26.1
18.2
24.5
63 1.7 2.0
241
820
10.4
11.8
10.2
11.5
177
73
198
154
330
33.1
8.4
12.0
19.6
19.7
27.3
11.9
12.1
20.9
23.3
427 26.3 26.2
84 13.6 14.1
234 25.4 21.1
130 19.2 20.0
95 59.8 71.2
105 28.6 27.3
29 5.6 11.6
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
TABLE 22 (Continued)
DISABLING INJURY FREQUENCY RATES
IN NORTH CAROLINA INDUSTRIES
Final, 1962, Compared with Final, 1961
53
Industry
Disabling Disabling Injury
Plants Manhours Injury Frequency Rates
1962 1962 1962 1962 1961
Paper:
Paper and Pulp 15
Set Up Boxes and Containers . 50
Printing
:
Job, Newspaper and Books .... 223
Textiles
:
Cotton Yarn and Weaving .... 402
Dyeing and Finishing 102
Knit Goods 497
Silk and Synthetic 72
Wearing Apparel 259
Woolen Worsted 18
Not Elsewhere Classified 184
Tobacco
:
Cigarette, Cigar and Smoking . 6
Leaf Processing 131
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
:
General 387
ALL MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRY 4,774
21,716,575
6,394,496
12,357,101
69
71
57
189,343,938 1,114
40,009,265
114,484,418
38,608,301
72,326,193
12,279,043
32,711,966
32,850,950
26,267,302
230
427
128
337
93
231
107
263
57,716,974 394
924,784,178 7,207
NON-MANUFACTURING
Food:
Baking 103
Bottling Plant 130
Canning and Preserving 32
Dairy Products 85
Ice and Coal 88
Meat Packing 149
Milling, Flour and Feed 181
Service
:
Dry Cleaning 277
Dry Cleaning and Laundry .... 325
Garage 590
Trade:
Petroleum Products 260
Wholesale and Retail 429
Miscellaneous
Non-Manufacturing
:
General 262
14,394,749
9,392,957
3,408,404
9,647,600
1,719,255
14,851,605
6,671,824
3,919,199
16,320,573
25,202,943
5,022,419
20,008,440
165
153
91
137
17
440
101
4
59
182
25
181
3.1
11.1
4.6
5.8
5.7
3.7
3.3
4.6
7.5
7.0
3.2
10.0
6.8
7.7
11.4
16.2
26.6
14.2
9.8
29.6
15.1
1.0
3.6
7.2
4.9
9.0
12,997,029 184 14.1
4.4
8.6
5.1
5.4
7.0
4.3
4.2
4.2
5.6
8.9
3.8
8.4
11.4
8.0
13.2
19.2
15.2
14.0
9.0
30.8
13.3
0.6
2.8
8.0
4.2
10.3
16.0
ALL MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRY 2,911
ALL INDUSTRY
MANUFACTURING &
NON-MANUFACTURING ..7,685
143,556,987 1,739 12.1
1,068,341,165 8,946 8.3
12.2
8.7
Technical Notes:
(1) These data were compiled according to the American Standard Method
of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved 1954 by the American
Standards Association.
(2) The disabling injury frequency rate is the number of disabling work
injuries for each million manhours of exposure. A disabling injury is one
which prevents the injured man's return to work on his next regular day,
shift or turn; or which results in some permanent bodily impairment.
54 Biennial Report of The Department op Labor
TABLE 23
DISABLING INJURY FREQUENCY RATES IN
NORTH CAROLINA INDUSTRIES
Preliminary 1963, Compared with Final 1962
Industry Disabling Disabling Injury
Plants Manhours Injuries Frequency Rate
1963 1963 1963 1963 1962
MANUFACTURING
Chemicals:
Drugs, Insecticides and Paints . 24 1,327,836 11 8.2 4.3
Fertilizer (Manufacturing
and Mixing) 57 3,303,051 48 14.5 12.8
Miscellaneous Chemical and
Allied Products 92 12,696,046 51 4.0 4.2
Clay, Cement and Stone:
Block, Pipe and Cement 123 5,457,595 137 25.1 23.8
Brick, Tile and Pottery 40 3,339,870 57 17.0 26.1
Electrical:
General 59 33,290,929 93 2.7 1.7
Furniture
:
Wood, Upholstered 117 14,856,261 193 12.9 10.4
Wood, (Except Upholstered) . . 193 47,305,371 503 10.6 11.8
Iron and Steel
:
Foundries 38 4,229,057 155 36.6 33.1
Machine Manufacturing 50 6,614,720 88 13.3 8.4
Machine Shop 236 14,205,849 149 10.4 12.0
Sheet Metal 119 7,410,126 172 23.2 19.6
Not Elsewhere Classified 117 10,078,566 217 21.5 19.7
Leather
:
Tanning, Manufacturing Shoes,
Belting and Rolls 16 1,994,260 13 6.5 10.5
Lumber:
Logging, Sawing and Planing . 285 13,014,780 316 24.2 26.3
Millwork 113 5,593,207 72 12.8 13.6
Plywood and Veneer 71 7,147,733 121 16.9 25.4
Miscellaneous Wood Products . 101 5,907,476 92 15.5 19.2
Mining
:
Mines 43 501,306 26 51.8 59.8
Pits and Quarries 127 2,820,329 77 27.3 28.6
Processing Plants 37 2,256,965 43 19.0 5.6
Paper:
Paper and Pulp 15 15,308,818 52 3.3 3.1
Set Up Boxes and Containers . 49 5,539,108 67 12.0 11.1
Printing
:
Job, Newspaper and Books 207 11,464,956 57 4.9 4.6
Textiles
:
Cotton Yarn and Weaving: 343 151,928,731 914 6.0 5.8
Dyeing and Finishing 104 36,100,649 261 7.2 5.7
Knit Goods 449 76,278,036 270 3.5 3.7
Silk and Synthetic 66 35,988,861 150 4.1 3.3
Wearing Apparel 241 56,980,784 260 4.5 4.6
Woolen Worsted 13 8,856,603 40 4.5 7.5
Not Elsewhere Classified 165 29,455,072 178 6.0 7.0
Tobacco:
Cigarette, Cigar and Smoking: . 4 21,455,278 61 2.8 3.2
Leaf Processing: 52 17,477,675 138 7.8 10.0
Miscellaneous Manufacturing:
General 320 27,247,500 413 15.1 6.8
ALL MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRY 4,086 697,433,404 5,495 7.8 7.7
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 55
TABLE 23 (Continued)
DISABLING INJURY FREQUENCY RATES IN
NORTH CAROLINA INDUSTRIES
Preliminary 1963, Compared with Final 1962
Industry
"
Disabling Disabling Injury
Plants Manhours Injuries Frequency Rate
1963 1963 1963 1963 1962
NON-MANUFACTURING
Baking- 91 10,492,220 141 13.4 11.4
Bottling Plant 119 7,206,379 137 19.0 16.2
Canning- and Preserving 25 2,615,467 58 22.1 26.6
Dairy Products 80 8,377,870 121 14.4 14.2
Ice and Coal 69 1,206,723 15 12.4 9.8
Meat Packing 119 12,514,008 419 33.4 29.6
Milling, Flour and Feed 152 5,947,069 65 10.9 15.1
Service: - „
Dry Cleaning 238 3,286,231 9 2.7 1.0
Dry Cleaning and Laundry 247 13,271,425 49 3.6 3.6
Garage 544 22,473,034 167 7.4 7.2
Trade:
Petroleum Products 220 3,780,262 17 4.4 4.9
Wholesale and Retail 344 16,254,450 146 8.9 9.0
Miscellaneous
Non-Manufacturing
:
General 243 13,155,454 183 13.9 14.1
ALL NON-MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRY 2,491 120,580,592 1,527 12.6 12.1
ALL INDUSTRY
MANUFACTURING AND
NON-MANUFACTURING ..6,577 818,013,996 7,022 8.5 8.3
Technical Notes:
(1) These data were compiled according to the American Standard Method
of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved 1954 by the American
Standards Association.
(2) The disabling injury frequency rate is the number of disabling work
injuries for each million manhours of exposure. A disabling injury is one
which prevents the injured man's return to work on his next regular day,
shift or turn; or which results in some permanent bodily impairment.
DIVISION OF CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION
E. Gail Barker, Director
This Eleventh Biennial Report of the Division of Conciliation,
covering the period of July 1, 1962, to June 30, 1964, is herewith
respectfully submitted.
During the biennium 312 cases involving labor-management
relations problems came to the attention of the Division of
Conciliation. This total includes 30 strikes as listed in an ensuing
table.
To present this report in an intelligible manner and in its most
compact form, we are using a series of tables, which convey the
information much more readily than can be done in narrative.
56 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
These tables, with comment describing the information they
contain, are
:
Table 28 presents a summary, on a calendar year basis, of the
number of dispute cases, workers directly involved, number of
strikes, workers idled by strikes, man-days idle, and the North
Carolina percentage of the national total of man-days lost due
to strikes. The data in this table cover the years 1941 through
1963. It can be noted that the time lost because of strikes in
North Carolina during 1962 and 1963, compared to the national
total of man-days lost, is almost negligible.
Table 24 lists these 312 cases by industry and month of be-ginning,
in nineteen industrial and one miscellaneous classifi-cation.
Five industrial classifications—led by Food and Kindred
Products, with 64 cases; followed by Transportation, (Truck,
Bus, etc.), 35 cases; Textiles with 31 cases; Printing and Pub-lishing,
24 cases; Chemical and Allied Products with 21 cases
for a total of 175—accounted for more than half the total cases
during the biennium.
Table 25 is a summary continuation of Table 24 enlarging upon
that information by including the approximate number of em-ployees
involved in these cases by month in which notices of
disputes were received.
Table 26 presents a 10-year record, showing the number of
cases received, processed and closed by the Conciliation Division
each calendar year during that period.
Table 27 is a tabulation of strikes occurring during the bien-nium,
by year and month of beginning, the approximate number
of workers involved and the number of man-days idle due to
work stoppages. The 30 strikes occurring during this biennium
did not include any of our larger industrial establishments and
involved only 3,025 employees.
Knowledge of an existing controversy generally was brought
to the attention of the Service by the initiating party desiring to
amend or terminate the existing contract, giving the thirty-day
notice required by the Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947.
These notices were acknowledged promptly by the Service, with
a copy of the acknowledgment always being sent to the other
party to the contract. In order to encourage the parties to settle
their own differences, it was constantly emphasized that it was
our sincere hope that the parties would reach amicable agree-ment
through collective bargaining and free discussions.
Whenever the parties were unable to reach agreement through
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 57
their own endeavors, the services of the Conciliation Service
were offered. Contact was maintained with the parties during
the thirty-day notice period. In cases in which the parties had
failed to reach agreement during that period, a representative
of the Conciliation Service called the parties together and en-deavored,
through conciliation and mediation, to bring about a
meeting of minds and an understanding concerning the issues in
dispute.
The Division also responded to requests for assistance in
settling grievances involving individuals and small groups of
workers. Cases of this type are not included in the 312 total.
Also, frequent requests for information about conciliation, arbi-tration
and related laws were acted upon. Consultations, both
in the office and in the field, on labor-management relations are
handled as routine and no attempt is made to record these
matters statistically.
In the vast majority of establishments in North Carolina,
working relationships of employers and employees are orderly
and cooperative. It is well known that for every critical labor-management
dispute which develops into a work stoppage, many
more negotiations are culminated by joint agreement between
the parties without the need for outside assistance. This is a
great tribute to the common sense of management and labor
representatives in North Carolina.
Arbitration Service
The North Carolina Voluntary Arbitration Act (Article 4A,
Section 95-36, General Statutes of North Carolina), requires
the Commissioner of Labor to maintain a list of qualified, public-spirited
citizens to serve as arbitrators in the field of Industrial
Relations. The composition of this list has changed from time to
time due to resignations and new appointments. The present list
of 16 is composed of men with wide experience and outstanding
records in arbitration under the auspices of the North Carolina
Department of Labor and other appointing agencies.
The following men were members of the arbitration panel at
the end of the 1962-64 biennium
:
58 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
Dr. Gerald A. Barrett
Professor of Business Law
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill. N. C.
Dr. Richard P. Calhoon
Professor of Personnel Adm.
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, N. C.
Dr. Robert G. Carson, Jr.
Industrial Engineering Dept.
N. C. State College
Raleigh, N. C.
Dr. Frank T. DeVyver
Department of Economics
Duke University
Durham, N. C.
Dr. R. J. M. Hobbs
Professor of Commercial Law
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, N. C.
Dr. Raymond Jenkins
Dean of Catawba College
Salisbury, N. C.
Dr. John W. Kennedy
Department of Economics
The Woman's College, U.N.C.
Greensboro, N. C.
Dr. Robert E. Lee
Professor of Law
Wake Forest College
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Dr. Charles H. Livengood, Jr.
School of Law
Duke University
Durham, N. C.
Mr. Ross E. Groshong
Industrial Engineer
Western Electric Company
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Dr. Paul N. Guthrie
Professor of Economics
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, N. C.
Dr. George D. Heaton, II
Industrial Relations Consultant
7542 Vallev Brook Road
Charlotte, N. C.
Dr. Herbert A. Lynch
Industrial & Management Engineer
435 Wonderwood Avenue
Charlotte, N. C.
Dr. Jasper L. Memory, Jr.
Professor, & Dir. of Public Relations
Wake Forest College
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Dr. Joseph J. Spengler
Professor of Economics
Duke University
Durham, N. C.
Dr. Robert H. Wettach
Professor of Law
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, N. C.
Arbitration has become widely accepted at the terminal point
in the grievance procedure of collective bargaining contracts.
More and more of these agreements designate the North Carolina
Department of Labor as the appointing agency.
It is recognized that quick disposition of issues is a prime
attribute of arbitration. Therefore all requests relating to arbi-tration
are given expeditious handling.
The arbitrators serving on the State Panel meet twice a year
with the Commissioner of Labor, usually in May and December,
in an effort to improve the service. They discuss generally the
problems encountered, the rules controlling appointments, the
conduct of arbitration and other pertinent matters. We have
been most fortunate in having as guests, speakers and parti-cipants
in these forums some of the most widely accepted
authorities in the field of Industrial Relations and Arbitration.
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 59
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60 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
TABLE 25
Number of Cases Coming to Attention of North Carolina Conciliation Service
During July 1, 1962 to June 30, 1964 by Industry and by Month*
By Month and Fiscal Year*
MONTH
Number Workers
Involved
1963-64
Number Workers
Involved
TOTAL
July
August
September. .
October
November...
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
131 30,155 181 51,614
4,822
2,849
6,878
3,515
1,247
597
1,045
1,982
1,413
299
3,472
2,036
16
15
17
18
9
7
12
5
24
17
17
24
5,970
1,597
11,173
8,174
698
2,616
1,313
1,875
4,550
7,007
3,895
2,746
Source: North Carolina Conciliation Service; North Carolina Statistical Division; U. S. Department
of Labor; Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service and Unpublished data.
TABLE 26
Dispute Cases Filed, Closed, and In Process at End of Each Year - 1954- 1963
STATUS OF CASE: 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955
18 14 14 18 30 32 34 32 26
138 156 157 138 143 170 137 179 229
128 152 157 142 155 172 139 177 223
28 18 14 14 18 30 32 34 32
1954
Pending—Beginning of Year
Filed During Year
Closed During Year
In Process—End of Year
14
163
151
26
TABLE 27
Strikes in North Carolina During Period July 1, 1962 to June 30, 1964
By Month and Fiscal Year*
MONTH 1962-63 1963-64
Number
Workers
Idle
Man-Days
Idle
(All Strikes)
Number
Workers
Idle
Man-Days
Idle
(All Strikes)
TOTAL 17 1,635 44,940 13 1,390 14,815
July x3
2
183
88
33,680
410
100
33
123
40
135
20
September 590
October . 1 6 35 320
November . 6 750
December 3
1
288
75
325
300
60
January .
February. 200
19
461
259
1 270
March 3
1
1
2
571
56
300
68
5,495
3,305
1,200
190
190
May
June. ...
xRadiator Specialty Co.—Began 5-15-62, Ended 7-25-62, M-D Idle 7-1-62-7-25-62=2,160
x Eastern Air Lines—Began 6-23-62, Ended 9-12-62, M-D Idle 7-1-62-9-12-62=30,624
*Source: North Carolina Conciliation Service; North Carolina Statistical Division; U. S. Department
of Labor; Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service and Unpublished data.
Biennial Report of The Department op Labor 61
TABLE 28
Labor-Management Cases and Strikes in North Carolina*
Percent of
Year Number of Workers Number of Workers Man-days National
Situations Involved Strikes Idle Idle Total
1941 State Cone iliation
Service Established— 34 18,731 105,085 .5
1942 109 64,827 26 4,826 24,354 .6
1943 201 114,865 57 18,511 103,368 .8
1944 187 75,584 45 11,056 68,057 .8
1945 113 40,355 37 17,470 438,000 1.2
1946 109 37,424 56 14,400 452,000 .4
1947 193 61,212 37 16,000 542,000 1.6
1948 202 103,186 22 2,698 59,420 .2
1949 180 53,245 18 3,850 136,130 .3
1950 148 38,392 31 12,700 75,700 .2
1951 183 54,276 38 24,300 508,000 2.2
1952 173 63 , 557 37 15,600 277,000 .5
1953 160 54,475 25 10,100 196,000 .7
1954 163 45,375 31 5,540 82,900 .4
1955 229 65,843 49 16,800 316,000 1.1
1956 179 56,757 25 10,200 293,000 .9
1957 137 35,199 24 3,600 68,280 .4
1958 170 44,457 29 5,154 79,780 .3
1959 143 48,821 12 2,328 96,290 .1
1960 138 45,739 12 1,885 9,835 .05
1961 157 41,499 14 1,995 6,465 .04
1962 156 48,135 17 6,050 96,460 .5
1963
i —
138 40,475 15 1,520 14,860 .09
Source: North Carolina Conciliation Service; North Carolina Department of Labor, Statistical
Division; U. S. Department of Labor; Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service and Unpublished
data.
DIVISION OF APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING
C. L. Beddingfield, Director
North Carolina's Voluntary Apprenticeship Act of 1939, which
is the statute under which this Division operates, was designed
as a working arrangement whereby committees of employers
and employees, working together, or individual employers or
companies, may promote the training of young workers in the
skilled trades of industry. The law was designed to provide
reasonably continuous employment for apprentices, guarantee
them a living wage, and provide them with thorough on-the-job
training in their trades, supplemented with related technical
training.
The welfare of the apprentice being trained is the first con-sideration
of the Division of Apprenticeship Training. It is a
well known fact that the interests of employers, employees and
the public will be served best when the interest of the apprentice
is kept in the forefront.
The Apprenticeship Act provides for the appointment of a
State Apprenticeship Council by the Commissioner of Labor,
62 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
with equal representation of employers and employees. It pro-vides
that the Commissioner of Labor shall be Chairman of the
Council and that the State Supervisor of Trade and Industrial
Education shall be Vice-Chairman. The law also provides for
the appointment of a Director of Apprenticeship, whose respon-sibility,
with the advice and guidance of the Council, is to pro-mote
a Statewide, voluntary apprenticeship training program
covering all of the skilled trades requiring two years or more
to become a recognized, skilled craftsman. The purpose of the
law is to insure that a sufficient number of craftsmen will be
trained to meet the needs of the State's industrial economy.
APPRENTICESHIP COUNCIL
The composition of the State Apprenticeship Council at
present is as follows: Frank Crane, Commissioner of Labor,
Chairman ; Charles Bates, State Director of Trade and Industrial
Education, vice-chairman; C. L. Beddingfield, director of the
Division of Apprenticeship Training, Secretary ; and three mem-bers
representing employers and three representing employees,
as follows
:
Employer Representatives Employee Representatives
Dwight L. Casey, Carolinas Chapter Lavie L. Bolick, Eastern North
Manager Carolina Director
National Electrical Contractors Communication Workers of America
Association Greensboro, N. C.
Charlotte. N. C.
George J. Bumby, President
A. J. Fox, General Contractor Wilmington Central Labor Union
Raleigh, N. C. Wilmington. N. C.
D. W. Randolph, Assistant Manager W. L. Causey, Recording Secretary
Personnel Administration Dept. North & South Carolina Association
Champion Paper & Fibre Company of Plumbers and Steamfitters
Canton, N. C. Greensboro, N. C.
The Apprenticeship Council is recognized as the sole registra-tion
authority for apprenticeship training in North Carolina in
connection with the National Defense Training Program, which
includes improvement of working skills and advanced workers'
training. The Council works in close cooperation with other
State and Federal agencies in the advancement of this program.
It also serves as the certifying agency for registered apprentice-ship
training programs in connection with the deferment of
apprentices from the draft until their training has been com-pleted.
It is the approving agency for all apprenticeable trades
and occupations and the certifying agency for apprentices em-
Biennial Report of The Department of Labor 63
ployed on all Federal construction projects in the State.
The Council continues as the approving agency of establish-ments
engaged in training apprentices and other on-the-job
trainees under the provisions of Public Law 550 (G. I. Bill). At
present, however, the number of active apprentices and other
on-the-job trainees receiving subsistence from the Veterans
Administration under the provisions of this Act is negligible.
A total of 2,995 new apprentices were registered by the Di-vision
of Apprenticeship Training during the 1962-64 biennium,
and 237 new apprenticeship training programs were approved
and registered.
A total of 890 apprentices completed their training during the
biennium. They were issued Certificates of Completion and took
their places as skilled journeymen in the various trades and
industries of the State.
During the 19 years which have passed since the end of World
War II in 1945, a total of 7,722 apprentices have completed their
training under the State program and received their Certificates
of Completion. Based upon the number of apprentices in training
on July 1, 1964, it is estimated that approximately 500 additional
apprentices will complete their training each year through 1967.
Distribution of the apprentices who completed their training
during the 1962-1964 biennium, by industry and occupational
groups, will be found in the accompanying tables.
North Carolina's labor market continues to show a serious
shortage of skilled workers and craftsmen. This fact indicates
that apprenticeship training must be further advanced and ex-tended
in order to meet the demands of our industrially expand-ing
State.
Much progress is being made in the establishment of pre-apprenticeship
programs in the State and several major in-dustries
are promoting Apprenticeship Training; as a result,
many programs have been established on the local level. The
Apprenticeship Division continues to cooperate and work closely
with the Community Colleges, Technical Institutes, Industrial
Education Centers and High Schools in coordinating Apprentice-ship
Training. The Division continues to serve as the coordi-nating
agency and as one of the sponsors of the State Apprentice
Bricklaying Contest held each year at the State Fair. This
contest, sponsored by Industry, Labor and Government generates
much interest in Apprenticeship and has stimulated the estab-lishment
of Apprenticeship programs all over the State.
The Department of Labor's Public Information Officer has
64 Biennial Report of The Department of Labor
developed Apprenticeship Information Leaflets which are dis-tributed
at an Information Booth sponsored by the Division at
the State Fair each year. These publications are also distributed
at High School Career Days, Industry Conferences and by mail
on request. It is noted the public is becoming more conscious of
training due to National and State programs and the accompany-ing
publicity; as a result the publications have been in much
demand and have been well received. The personnel of the
Division also are making many more personal presentations of
the Apprenticeship Program to various groups as public interest
increases.
The Sixth Biennial Middle Atlantic