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officer in the Freedmen's Bureau, in Georgia. He soon resigned this commi ion
and resumed the ministry. He organized school for colored children for a time,
and when the Reconstruction Laws were enacted by Congress, he called the
first Republican Convention in Georgia, aud stumped the state. He was
elected a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1867, and a member of the
Georgia Legislature in 1868 and 1870. He was appointed by President Grant
postmaster in Macon, Ga.; later, he was appointed inspector of customs,
and then United States secret detective. In 1876, he was elected by the General
Conference of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, general manaO'er of its
publication, in Philadelphia, and in 1880 he was elected bishop by theb General
Conference, at St. Louis, Mo.
He believes that the colored race should return to Africa and build up a nation
and a civilization of their own. He has organized four annual conferences
in Africa, one in Sierra Leone, one in Liberia, one in Pretoria of the Transvaal,
and one in Queenstown, South Africa.
Bishop Turner wrote the catechism of the African Methodist Episcopal
Church and compiled a hymn book for the same, and is also the author of
" Methodist Polity," which is recognized as authority in his church. He has
also written various lectures, orations, and has projected two newspapers which
the church has purchased and made organs of the same. Bishop Turner sa)'s
he has received in the African Methodist 'Episcopal Church one hundred and
six thousand members since he has been in the ministry, in the United States,
Canada, the West India Islands, and Africa.
Bishop C. T. Shaffer, D.D.
A. M. E. Church
Residence: Chicago. Ill.
BISHOP SH.'LFFER is in charge of the Fourth Episcopal District, which includes
the conferences of Ontario, Michigan, Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, and Kentucky.
He was born in Troy, Ohio, January 3, 1847, and was educated in the Ohio
public schools.
At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteers,
U. S. A. Later he was detailed to the One Hundredth United States Infantry
on non-commissioned service in the medical department. He served in the
Army or the Cumberland under Gen. George H. Thomas in the engagement at
Nashville. After his muster out, he attended Berea College, also at Cadiz,
Ohio, and Brooklyn, N. Y. He graduated in medicine at Jefferson Medical
College, Philadelphia, 1888.
He entered the Christian ministry in 1870, and served African Methodist
Episcopal churches in Ohio, Brooklyn, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.
He built the "Mother" Bethel Church, Philadelphia, on the original site, in
189(}-91, at a cost of $i;O,OOO. He was presiding elder in 1891, and a year later
was elected secretary and treasurer of the newly created Board of Church Extension
of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1900 he wa elected bishop,
and since that time ha held fifty-seven conferences, two of which were on the
west coast of Africa. Bishop Shaffer is now chairman of the Board of Missions
of the church. He was delegate to the Ecumenical Conference, London, 1901:
also to the- World's Missionary Congress, London, 1881, and is a member of
the:comm.ittee on the Ecumenical Conference at Toronto for 1911. He has been
a trustee of Wilberforce University thirty-five years. Fidelity, untiring labor,
and intelligent interest have crowned his work ,vith succe s.
:l89
• Bishop B. F. Lee, D.D.
A. M. E. Church
Residence: WilberCorce. Ohio
BISHOP LEE has supervision of the churches of South Carolina. He was
born near Bridgeton, N. J., September 18, 1841.
His mother was his first teacher. He entered school at five years of age, continuing
from three to six month. annually. When ten years old, he lost his
faUler and was " put out to work" three years for the annual considerution of
food, c1oUling, and three months' schooling. In 1864 he began academic studies
at Wilberforce niver ity. Wilberforce, Ohio. In 1866 he entered the theological
department and was graduatcd in 187~, ha,~ng- supported himself by
manual labor, teaching, 'lIld supplying pulpits at intervals.
In 1868 he was li(:ensed to preach. His pa..~toral service was renderf.'d in
Ohio, Penn ylvania, and Kentucky. He was professor of pastoral theology
and homiletics, Wilberforce University, 187~75, and prf.'sident 1876-8-1-. Editor
of the Christian Recorder, 188+-92. Consecrated bishop, 1892.
He was a member of t!lf.' committee of arrang-cments for the first Ecumcnical
Conference of :'Ilethodism. 1881. and a delegate to the conferell(:c of 1901.
He is a member of Ule American Forestry .-\s,;ociation and is secretary of the
Council of Bishops and editor of the Official Literature of his church. He has
been identified with the Wilberforce Cniversity. scveral years as lecturer,
twenty-five years president of the Alumni ASS()('iation, Rnd thirty years trustee
of the university. Bishop I.<.'e says his "writings have been confined to
jonrnalistic and incidf.'ntal performancE's."
