North-Carolina journal of education

              J
THE NORTH-CAROLIM
OURNAL OF EDUCATION.
Vol. II. NOVEMBER, 1859. Ko. 11;.
THE WAR OF THE REGULATION.
(C0NCLU»E»,)
Governor Trjou had thus far
been emiently succe.ssful in secur-ing
the adoption of the measures
lie had most at lieart. He was
from principle and policy a liigh-churchinan.
He believed that
the Pi-ovince and meet the (Jhero-kees
on the border of their hunt-ing
grounds in all the pride, pomp,
and circumstance of glorious war.
That he should have accomplished ,
such purposes, by the annihila-the
Church and the State must | tion of the common -school fund,
stand or fall together. During I and replenishing his exhausted
! he brief period which he permit- ; exche(|uer with money borrowed
',-t'Cd the General Assembly of 3Iay, I at usurious interest, is as little
16G5,to exist, he had secured the
|
creditable to his statesmanship as
peruiancnt establishment of an j his philanthropy,
jrthodox clergy, with comparative- I lie was not unmindful of the
ly ample provision for their sup- J importance of education, nevertho-port,
and unexpectedly proroguing ' less ; but education, in his esti-the
Assembly, had smothered ; mation, was only expedient when
tibullition of feeling in relation to , in subordination to the Church,
the Stamp Act. i and religion.was only to bepatron-
Ilis seoond Assembly met him | izedwhen subservient to the State,
with spirits cliafed and irritated I Until : this time, no seminary of
by the manner in wdiieh the pre-vious
session terminated, and the
long delay in again calling them
together. He seems to have suc-ceeded
in not merely soothing, but
learning had been incorporated in
the Province. " An Act for es-tablishing
a school-house in the
town of New-Berne," discloses,
in the third section, tbc Govern-in
moulding them to his will, with
j
or's views in relation to the true
admirable facility and celerity. An j theory of government, religion,
appropriation of suffieient amount ! and education, " provided,, always,
to. lay the foundation of the pal- that no person- shall be admitted
aco, and coerce its subsequent com-pletion,
was, as ^y^ have seen,
readily obtained. Hg'v/hs enabled
to be master of the said school,
but who is ef the Established
Church of Englandi, and who at
to make a royal progress through the recommendation of the trus-
330 North- Carolina Journal of Educdii&n. [Nov.,
tees or directors, or the majority
of them, shall be duly licensed by
-~ the Grovernor, or Commander-in-
Chief for the tim'e being."'
Hitherto, though Justices of the
Peace might celebrate the 'mar-
,' riage ceremony; the rite was nn-j"
lawful if performed by a dissent-ing
elergyman. An Act concern-ing
marriage was passed at this
session. The second section pro-vided
that all marriages, previous
ly celebrated by any of the dissent-ing
or Presbyterian clergy, should
be considered valid. Subsequent
provisions made it lawful in fu-ture,
"/<'' «^^^ Presbyterian min-ister,
called regidarhj to any congre-
1/ at ion in the Province, tocelehrate
the rites of matrimony.'" The es-tablished
clergyman m the par
ish, was, in all cases, to receive the
twenty-shilling fee, nevertheless,
'^ if he did not refuse to do the
service thereof, although any oth-er
person performed the marriage
eeremory."
On the 31st January, 1767, the
(iovernor transmitted the twenty-nine
acts passed at the General
Assembly which had recently ad-journed,
with explanatory notices
of such enactments as seemed to
require them. On this subject
Jie i-emarks as follows :
31 January, 1767.
7b the Earl of /Shelburn :—
"The Act to amend an Act en-titled
' An Act Concerning Mar-riage,'
has mure ubjecis m view
than appear on the sight of it.
—
The Jlai-riage Act passed in 1741.
1o which it has relation, entitle!'
every Justice of the Peace to mar-ry
by license. In abuse of th'.;
privilege, many of the Justice^
performed the marriage ceremon\
without license first had and ob
tained, and took the fee allowed
to the Governor, most generally
dividing the spoil between the jus-tice
and t!ie clerk of the county
who gave the bend and certificate.
Another tendency of this Act was
to prevent the frequent abuses by
rascally fellows, who travelled
through the Province under the
title of ministers of the Presbyte-rian
and other sectaries, and who
being beggars in conscience, as
well as in circumstances, sought,
all opportunities to perform that >'
sacred ofiice to the gi'eat prejudice
of the country. It is also to be ob-served,
most of the justices in the
back or western settlem.ent are
Presbyterians, who, by the Act of
1741, had the power to marry by
license: Therefore, upon the whole,
I do not conceive the allowing the
Presbyterian ministers the privi-lege
to marry in the usual and ac-customed
manner, can be of any
real prejudice to the Established
Church, especially as the marriage
fee is reserved to the minister of
the parish, and the license to be
granted under the hand and seal
of the Governor. This last pro-vision
prevents the former abuses
in the application of the fees col-lected.
The Act also provides a
summary and effectual method, for
the Governor to oblige the county
court clerks to account for the
fees due to him : a recovery,
though an equitable one, was never
yet secured but in temporary
laws."
The following extracts from the
Governor's lettei's to the Rev. Dr.
Burton, Secretary to the Society
for the Propagation of the Gospel,
will show the opinions he enter-tained
at the time they bear date,
of the character of the religious
sects in the Province, and ot the
people by whom they were sus-tained
:
1859.] War of the Regulation. 531
Brunswick, 30tb April, 1767.
^'The Rev. Tnt. Moir's death in
February last, defeated the Socie-ty's
direction to have him fixed to
some parish. I desire leave warm-iy
to solict the Society, that Mr.
31oir's mission may be continued
iii the Province, as I am very ap-prehensive
from the real indigence
uf the inhabitants of some coun-ties
here, the stipend for the min>
ister, though moderate, is more
than the parishes can raise."
t- ;^ ;!;:(< *
''' The strictest caution and care
is absohitely necessary in the re-commendation
of gentlemen who
coin<! to settle as ministers in this
Province. The inhiibitants are
.-jtrict inquisitors, and if the cler-gyman
is not of amoral character,
;nd his life regular and exempla-yy,
he will attract but little esteem
»o himself, and less benefit to his
jiarishioners, for whom he must
undergo patience and fatigue in
'he service of his calling."
Brunswick, 20 March, 1769.
" The inclosed letter from the
Rev. Mr. Fiske, will state the un-genteel
and cruel treatment he
Jias received from his parishioners.
1. recommend him to sue the
(Jhurcli Wardens and Vestry for
his salary. I am told his parish
Is full of Quakers and Ana-Bap-tists
; the first no friend, the latter
an avowed enemy to the mother
Church."
^' That the Society may be in-
Ibrmed of the share the Rev. jMr.
Micklejohn took to c(uiet the minds
nf the people during the disturb-ances
in this country, I send you
inclosed the sermon he preached
to the troops at Hillsborough; a
discourse that gave great satisfac-r.'
on, as it was well adapted to the
situation of public afi'airs. I also
transmit you the Presbyterian
ministers' address to their flock
:
The good efrects of the principles
they inculcated, I had the happi-ness
to experience ; services I shall
ever gratefully remember.
"The Presbyterians and Quakers
are the only tolerated sectaries,
under any order or regulation, eve-ry
other arc enemies to society,
and a scandal to common sense."
The papers marked No. I, II,
III in Husband's book, extracts
fi'ora which have beee given in the
preliminary account of the doings
of the Mob, are understood to
have proceeded from his pen.
—
As he was evidently the master
spirit from the beginnin^to the
close of the contest, more informa-tion
than we possess, in relation
to his personal history, is greatly
to be desired. He is understood
to have been a native of Pennsyl-vania,
and a member of the Socie-ty
of Friends. The precise period
of his removal to North Carolina
is unkown. Caruthers supposes
him to have been a relative of Dr.
Franklin, and his secret and con-fidential
emi.^sary in the dissemi-nation
of political tracts, in op-position
to the scheme of taxation,
by which Ave were menaced froiu
time to time by the mother coun-try.
In addition to the evidence
relied on by Caruthers to sustain
this statement, the memorial of
the Regulators to theG-eueral As-sembly
of 1769, from the county
of Anson, introduced by Husband,
praying, among other thing?,
'' That Dr. Benjamin Franklin, or
some other known patriot, be ap^
pointed agent to represent the un-happy
state of this Province to
his Majesty, and to solicit the
several Boards in England,' ' may
be regarded as some confirmation.
382 North- Carolina Jowrnal of Education. [KoT.
Dr. Franklin was a son of sedi-tion.
Without reference to his
private, his public history is a nar-rative
of rebellion. In 1754, he
drew up the plan of Continental
l^nion which was unanimously
adopted by the Congress of Com-missioners
from seven' Provinces,
at Albany, and had the singular
fate of being rejected, not only by
the Crown, but by every provin>
cial assembly.—By the Crov^n, be-cause
it was apprehended that the
union might teach the eoloniesthe
secret of their strength, and by
the colonies, owing to jealousies
arising out of diversities in lan-guages,
nationality and religion,
and, above all, conflicting iaterests
in reBtion to boundaries. With
the experience thus attained, he
expressed the opinion, in 1760,
" that a imion of the colonies
against the mother country was
absolutely impossible, or at least,
without being forced by the most
grievous tyranny and oppression."
'fhis tyranny and oppression were
uot long delayed, and Dr. Franklin
was the first to sound the tocsin
of alarm. It is well known that
if not the main spring, he sympa-thised
most deeply with the leaders
of the French Revolution, and it
is a sigmficant fast that the firgi-tive
Regulators, th« founders of
Tennessee, gave his name tothe
rebellious commonw&alth, whicli
arose within our borders shortly
before the adoption of the federal!
eonstitution^the State of Frank-lin.
It is no less remarkable that
this same Watauga settlement was
represented in the convention that
Tinuied our State constitution in
1776, under the name of " Wash-ington
District." It was the ear-liest'
germ of trans Alleghany
civilization that received and thus
honored the name of the Father
of his Country. Sucli men were
never cowards, traitors or toriesv
Caruthers characterizes Husband
as a man of superior mind, grave
in deportment, somewhat taciturn,
wary in conversation, but when ex-cited
fluent and forcible in utter-ance
and argument. He says that
his contempories all spoke of him
as a man of strict integrity, and a
firm and sincere advocate of what
he believed to be the rights of man-kind.
He seems to have been weal-thy
as compared with his neighbors.
He owned three or four thousand
acres of the best land in Ptandolph.
His well cultivated wheat fields-and
clover meadows were the ad-miration
of the whole country. In
1765, the first edition of Davis--
Revisal of the provincial laws, made
its appearance. Two small quarto
volumes, bound in one, containing,
tiogether, about 600 pages, were
probably sold at three or four dol-lars
a copy. Husband, in connec-tion
with one of the justices of the
county court, was the proprietor of
a copy. The scarcity of money
and of the book may be readily in
ferred from the joint owaership;
and tllv circumstances coanected
with its subsequent introduction to
public notice.
From henceforth the personal
history of Husband, as head of th*8
insergents, and of Fanning, as a
leader of the royalists, are blended-with;
and constitute in so great a
degree, the history of the Regula--
tion, that we can only regret our
inability to present' more minute
and authentic inforraatiou than we
have been able to glean, ia'relation
to the lives -and characters of each.
Edmund Fanning was a native
of Connecticut, and as he grad--
uated at Yale College in 1767,' was-probably
born' about 17S7<, an-d
abouifi thisty-fouT years of age at
1859.3 Miur of the Regulation. 33S
the Battle of Alamance, Ilis lit-erary
and scientific attainments;
thougb respectable, were not prob-ably
very remarkable. It is very
remarkable, nevertheless, that a
resident of the Province of North
Carolina, whea little advaoced of
thirty years of age, should have
been honored vrith the degree of
Doctor of Laws by the University
of Oxford, and that the compli-ment
should have been subsequent-ly
repeated by his Alma Mater, by
.'King's (now Columbia) Colkge,
and by JDartmouth University-.
—
The aunals of our State present no
other, and the Union scarcely, .if
indeed a single, instance of ae, in-dividual
crowned at so early an age
with its high literary distiuctiou
from such respet-ttlble and numer-ous
sources, abroad and at home.
His subsequent career, which will
develope itself a6.the narrative pro-ceeds,
will afford a satisfactory so-lution
of the mystery. He was a
gentleman of courtly manners, of
Tact and talent for intrigue, an ob-sequious
time-server and under all
dynasties a place-man. In general
ability, integrity, and in every re-spect
but education, he would not
bear a favorable comparison with
the Quaker leader.
At August county court, 1767,
Husband seems to have presented
deeds with " the customary fees"
charged in other counties for re-cording
them, and these having
been refused by Fanning, he exhib-ited
his law-book and offered to |>ay
a larger sum, if any enactment
could be found requiring it. He
was taunted from the Bench with
.the enquiry " how long it was since
tiie commenced lawyer ?" This was
followed by the intimation that he
.was in danger of incurring punish-ment
for contempt of court. His
(partner in the ownership of the
book was a member of the Court.
He was intimidated :by his asso-ciates
and forhaxle all further pub-lic
use of it The sheriffs, em.-
boldened by the course pursued by
the Court, ijrew daily more iosoleot
and oppressive. Unusual distres-ses
of prpcercy, double, treble, and
quadruple in value were made,
"carried to Hillsborough, at the
distance of thirty and sixty miles,
sold at underrates so that roguish
people began to depend on these
sales to raise their fortunes"—
•
•' Besides among Dutch people,
they practiced taking four pence,
six pence, and a shilling in a tax
more, than from the more knowing."
In February, 1708. the people
were exasperated by an insulting
advertisements of the sheriff, Tyrec
Harris, announcing his intention
to withdraw indulgencies previous-ly
allowed in the mode of collect-ing
taxes. '' The rumor of giving the
Governor fifteen thousand pounds
to build him a house, all happeniui^
together at this time, con.^pired to
give rise to what was called the
Mob, which in a little time altered
to that of the Regulators. " The
number of dissatisfied persons in-creased
daily, and on the :^2d March,
the following Articles of Associa^
tion were prepared and signed :
" We, the subscribers, do volun-tarily
agree to form ourselves into
an Association, to .assemble our-selves
for conferenceLfor regulating
public grievances and abuses of
power, in the following particulars,
with others of the like nature that
may occur.
'* Ifit. That we will pay no more
taxes until we are satisfied they
are agreeable to law, and applied
to the purposes therein mentioned;
unless we cannot help it, or are
forced.
" 2d. That we will pay no officer
B34 Nortli- Carolina Journal of Educatior,,, [Not.,
any more fees than the law allows,
unless we are oblip;e(] to it ; and
then to show our dislike, and bear
an open testimony against it.
" od. That we will attend our
meetings of conferense as often as we
couvf uieutly can, and if necessary,
in order to consult our representa-tives
on the amendment of such
laws as may be found grievous or
unnecessary ; and to choose more
suitable men than we have done
heretofore for Burgesses and Ves-try-
men ; and to petition the Hou-ses
of Assembly, Governor, Coun-cil,
King and Parliument, &c., for
redress in such grievances as in
the course of the undertaking may
occur j and to inform one another,
iearn, know., and enjoy all the
privileges and liberties that are
allowed and were settled on us by
our worthy ancestors, the founders
ot our present Constitution, in or-der
to preserve it on its ancient,
foundation, that it may stand firm
and unshaken.
<' 4th. That, we will contribute
to collections for defraying neces-sary
expenses attending the work,
•j.ccording to our abilities.
" 5th. That, in caseofdifferance
cf judgment, we will submit to the
Judgment of the majority of our
body. '
'' To all which, we solemnly
swear, or being a Quaker, or other-
•wise scrupulous in conscience of
the common oath, do solemnly af
drm, that we will stand true and
faithful- to this cause, till we bring
things to a true regulation, accord-ing
to the true intent and mean-ing
hereof in the judgement of the
saajofily of us."
" Whereas, The taxes in this
county are larger, according to the
number of taxables, thaa adjacent^
aounties, and <30Dti'aui^s,s,<3. year af-'
ter year ; and as the jealousies
still prevail among us, that we are
wronged, and having the more
reason to think so, as we have been
at the trouble ot choosing men, and
sending them, after the civilest
manner that we could, to know
what we paid our levy for, but
could receive no satisfaction ;
—
for James Watson was sent to
Maddock's Mill, and said that
Edmund Fan7img looked on it^,,
that the country called him by
authority, or like as if they had a
right to call him. to an account.
Not allowing the country the right
that they have been entitled to, as
English subjects j for the King
requires no money from his sub-jects,
but what they are made sen-sible
what use it's for.
" We are obliged to seek redress
by denying paying any more until
we have a full settlement for what
is past, and have a true regulation
with our officers.
" As our grievance.", are too
many to be notified in a small piece
of writing, we desire that yoa our
Assembly-men and Vestry-men,
may appoint a time, before next
court, at the Court House, and let
us know by the bearer, and we
will choose men to act for us, and
settle our grievances.
" Until such time as you will
settle with us, we desire the sheriffs
will not come this way to collect
the levy ; for we will pay none be-fore
there is a settlement to our
satisfaction.
'' And as the nature of an officer
is a servant to the public, we are
determined, to have the officers of
this county under a better and.)
honester regulation, than they
have been for some time past.
" Think not to frighten us (with
rebellion) in thia^case, for if the
iu-feabi^iuite of tEfs" Province have
1859.] War op the Regulation. 335
not as good a right to inquire into
the nature of our Coostitutiou and
disbursements of our funds, as
those of our mother country, we
think that it is by arbitrary pio-ceedings
that we are debarred of
that right. Therefore, to be plain
with you, it is our intent to have
tt full settlement of you in every
particular point that is matter of
doubt with us. So fail not to send
an answer by the bearer. If no
answer, we shall take it for graut-^
cd, that we are disregarded in this
our request again from the public'
''• This was the first message this
sew society sect. But no laasters
of abject slaves could be more es:-
aspeiated :—tbey were rebels, in-surgents,
&c., to be shot, hanged,
.oC; as mad dog?, &c. xiod the
Sandy Creek men, or authors of
No. 1, 3, and 3, were to be punish-ed
for it all; for these refer to
their former papers." After al'-
lusions to similar subsequent oc-currenceSj
Husband makes the
following remark, one of many in-dications
of the sympathy which
at ail times prevailed between the
Regulators and the people of Mas-sachusetts
: "I have said thus
Hiuch on this head, the more as I
observe by the new.^papers, that
men ia higher slations than, our
officers attempted the same thing
on the town of Boston." The op-pression,
external and internal,
civil, and religious, was more griev-oas
here than there, and it is uot
Burprising that the seeds of rebel-
Uoa germinated earlier in t b e
aouthera clime.
The general meeting of the citiz-ens
of Orange, held in pursuance
af the Articles of Association, on
the 4th of April, seems to have
been the first to assume the name
of Regulators. The assumption of
'«the borrowed title, of Regulators"
was the subject of severe reprehen-sion
by the Governor, in his reply
of the 21sfc June, to their petition
for redress of grievances.
At the general meeting on the
4th April, mentioned above, two
persons were appointed to request
the two last sherilfs and the vestry*
men, to meet twelve persona to be
selected by the Regulators, and
enter into an examination of the
amount uf taxes which ha I been
collected, and the uses, to which it
had been applied. Before thecom-missioner.
s had time to perform this
service, the officers, " either' to try
or exasperate the now enraged
populace, took by way of distress,
a mare, saddle, and bridle for one
levy." The Regulators immediate
ly rose to the number of sixty or
seventy, rescued the mare, " and
fired a few guns at the roof of Col.
Fanning's house."
On tills occasion the established
minister of the county, the Rev.
'Jeorge Mieklejohn, appears to
have interposed, and announced
on the part of the officeis, that
they had appointed the 11th May
for the settlement proposed by
the Regulators. Before .-a meeting
could be arranged, the G^overnor's
secretary arrived with a proclama-tion,
requiring the rioters to dis-perse.
At a time when the Reg-ulators
were quietly at home, ''th.3
officers with a tavern-keeper or
two, and a man charged with mur
der, about 30 in number, all arm-ed,"
seized William Butler, one of
the alledged rioters, by virtue of cb-,
warrant, and Herman Husband
without a warrant, under the pre •
ext that he was the author of the
three first papers, put forth by the-
Mob. This outrage alarmed and
aroused the whole country, and
more than seven hundred armed
men; preseated themselves in sight
,
336 North- Carolina Joicrnal of Education. [Nov.,
of HlUyboroiigh the next moni-mg.
In the meantime, the prison-ers
liad given bail and been re-leased.
The secretary was intirni-
' dated, and after reading the proc-
;:aination, stated that he was au-tliorized
by the Grovernor to tell
tliem if they would disperse, go
Iiome and petition, lie would pro-tect
and redress them against any
unlawful extortions or oppressions.'
'• The multitude, as with one voice
cried out, x\ greed ! That is all
.we want, liberty to make our griev-ances
known." Here it was ob-yiously
in the power of the Gov-ernor
by a course, as just as politic,
to have terminated the contest.
—
Oppression had thus lar been re-sisted
with mildness, in compari-son
with what would be exhibited
in our midst at the present day un-der
similar circumstances. No
blood had been shed, and proper
efforts to repress extortion and spec-ulation,
would have restored pub-lic
luirmony. Wo cannot enter
into further minute details. The
works referred to in the opening,
will aftbrd those disposed to en-gage
in the enquiry, ample oppor-tunity
for interesting and satisfac-tory
investigation.
"The ImpM-tird Eolation" of
Husband, preseats withgTeat min-uteness
of detail, the principal in-cidents
of Tryon's first -expedition
against the Kegulators. He is
. sustained in most ofhis statements,
by the letter published in-cotem-porary
newspapers, over the sig-nature
of Atticus, and addressed
to Governor Tryon. The writer
is understood to have been JMaiir-ice
Moore, one of the judges who
presided at the trials of Fanning
for extortion, and Husband for
riot, in September, 1768. The
following paragraphs are all that
^Yc necess<i,ry to our purpose, but
the entire communication will re-ward
examination, by any one de-sirous
of obtaining a miniature
representation of Tryon's personal
character, as well as of the most
prominent features of his admin-istration
: »
"In a colony without money,
and among a people, almost des-perate
with distress, public pro-fusion
should have been carefully
avoided ; but, unfortunately for
the country, 3'^ou were bred a sol-dier,
and have a natural, as well
as acquired fondness for military
parade. You were intrusted to
run a Cherokee boundary about
ninety miles in length ; this little
service at once afforded you an
opportunity of exercising your mil-itary
talents, and making a splendid
exhibition of yourself to the In-dians.
To a gentleman of your
excellency's turn of mind, this was
n unpleasing prospect : y o Vi
marched to perform it, in a time of
profound peace, at the head of a
company of militia, i-nall the pomp
of war, and returned with the hon-orable
title, conferred on you by
the Chcrokees, of ^Great Wolf of
North Carolina. This line of
marked trees, xind your excellen-cy's
phrophetic title,' cost the prov-ince
a greater sum than two-pence
a head, on all the taxable persons
in it for one 3'ear, would pay.
'" Your next expedition. Sir, was
a 'W.OYG important one. Four to
five hundred ignorant people, who
called themselves regulators, took
it into their head to quarrel with
their representative, a gentleman
honored ^with your excellency's
esteem. They foolishly charged
him <^vith>ei7cry distress they felt
;
and, m revenge, shot two or three
musket balls through his house.
They at the same time rescued a
horse vjhich had been seized 'for
IS 59.] War of the Regulation. 837
the public tax. These crimes were
jiunishable in the courts of law,
and at that time, the criminals
were amenable to legal process.
—
Your excellency and your confi-dential
friends, it seems, were of a
diifcrent opinion. All your duty
could possibl}'' require of you on
this occasion, if it required any
thing- at all, was to direct a pros-ecution
against the offenders. You
should have carefully avoided be-coming
a party in the dispute.
But, Sir, your genius could not lie
still
; you enlisted yourself a vol-unteer
in this service, and entered
into a negotiation with the regu-lators,
which at once disgraced
you and encouraged them. They
despised the governor who had de-graded
his own character by tak-ing
part in a private quarrel, and
insulted the man whom they con-sidered,
as personally their enemy.
The terms of arccommodation your
excellency had offered them were
treated with tiontempt. What
they were I never knew ; they
could not have related to public
offences- these belong" to another
jiurisdictiou. All hopes of settling
the mighty contest by treaty ceas-iTig,
you prepared to decide it by
means more agreeable to your mar-tial
disposition, an appeal to the
sword. Yoii took the-ield in Sep-tember,
;1768, at the head of ten
or twelve "hundred men, and pub-lished
an oral manifesto, the sub-stance
ofwhich was, that you had
taken up arms to protect a supe-rior
court of justice from insult.
Permit me here to ask you. Sir,
why you \TCre apprehensive for
thecouvt ? 'Was the court appre-hensive
for itself ? Kd the j ndges,
or the attorney-general, address
your excellency for protection ?
—
So far from it. Sir, if these gentlc-men^'
areto be fcelieved, they aever
entertained the least suspicion of
any insult, unless it was that, which
they afterwards experienced from
the undue influence you offered to
extend to them, and the military
display of drums, colors and guards
with which they were surrounded
and disturbed."
The official account of these
events as reaiered by the Governor
to the Earl of Hillsborough on the
24th of December, 176S, is sub--
joined. It is copied from the Try-on
Letter Book, and is now pub-lished
for the first time. It will
be perceived that while seeking oc-casion
to disparage HusbauJ, he
omits the oppoitunity afforded by
the referetice to make any allusioa
to his acquittal of all the offences
charged against him by the same
tribunal that convicted Papning.
The court, it will be remembered,
was composed of three j-udges, who
held their offices at the pleasure of
the G-overnor. The sheriff who
summoned the petit jury was one
of his dependants, and the court
was surrounded by a thousand
armed men, ^under his immediate
command. Three or four indict-ments
sent against Husband were
ignored by the grand jury, and on
the trial of the fourth, he was ac-quitted
by the petit jurj'.
The Governor-states the fact that
Butler, the friend «tud associate of
Fanning, was coavix;ted of the of-feace
of resisting an oppressive, if
a legal, exercise of f>ower, in levy-ing
upon a' horse and trappings for
a singlf" I poll tax. Evidence to
shew that the tax was not due was
rejected by the court, and the de-fendant
sentenced to pay a fine of
fifty poinds and un-dergosix months
imprisocment.
Fanning, the co'irt favorite, a
scholar, a lawyer, and a member of
the 'AssciEibly, convicted iti six in-
North- CdroUna Jdur7ial of Education. [Nov.-,.
staoces of eztortion, {yas dismissed
with a penny fioe in each case.
—
The evidence against hin}, even in
the mind of the Governor, was too
conclusive to admit of the expres-sion
of a doubt of his guilt, and
jet he united with the court in
studious attempts to palliate his
odious offences—offences, the right-eous
resistance to which, consigned
Eanniag and Butler, in repeated
instances, to a dungeon, endangered I
their lives, destroyed their estates,
and involved the impoverished Pro-vince
in a debt of twenty thousand
ipounds,
' Brunswick, 24th Dee. 1768.
Earl Milhhorougk $
" That his Majesty may be inti-mately
acquainted with the causes
of the disorders, as well as the steps
that have been taken to quiet the
salads of the people and to re-es-tablish
the tranquility of this gov-gminent,
I herewith transmit to
your Lordship, agreeable to the
parpose of your letter of the 17)th
for his Majesty's information, the
address and papers- the inhabitants
-OQ Haw river, in Orange county,
delivered to me in Council Ibe 20th
of June last, with the answer I
eeut them thereto, as also the cor-respondence
that was safesequent
to both. These, with the rough
journal of my proceedings from the
time of the above address coming
to me, till the insurgents dispersed
themselves the 24th uf. September,
and the daily orders .also transmit-ted,
given to the troops assembled
^t Hillsborough . to preserve the
public peace, will be the truest
vouchers of the state of the public
discontents in this colony.
To say that these insurgents bad
not a color for iheir showing a dis-.
satisfaction at the conduct of their
p.ublic officers, would be doing them
au injustice, , fox on a prosecution
at the superior court, carried on by.
the attorney general in virtue of
my-directions, both the register
and clerk of the county were found
guilty of taking too hioh fees. It
manifestly appearing that Colonel^
Fanning, the roijister, had acted
with the utmost candor to the peo-pie,
and that his conduct proceeded
from a misconstruction of the fee
bill, he was in court honorably ac-quitted
of the least intentionai
abuse in office. Colonel Fanning,
however, immediately after the
above verdict resigned up to mc
his commissioa of register. At
the same court, three of the insur-gents
(all that were tried) were
found guilty of a riot and rescue^.
.
and sentenced to fine and imprisoD-ment
as follows :
William Eatler to a fine of £dG
and sis months' imprisonment,
Samuel Devinney to a find ct
£25 and three months' imprison-ment.
Jno. Phillip Hartze to a fine o:
£25 and three months' imprison-ment.
. The superior court being ended
.
and the insurgents all dispersed, I-discharged
the troops and thought
it advisable to I'elease the thres
prisoners, and to suspend the pay-ment
of their fines for sis months,
as by the advice of the council a-proclamation
of pardon was issued,
with .«om3 persons excepted; theeci
I imagins will take their trials next>-:
March. This lenity had a good
tendency, the insurgents finding
their ardor opposed and checked,
and that they were not the masters
of government, began to reflect
that they were misled and in.ac
error; andi as- a proof of their
change of disposition, they have
since permitted the sheriff to per-form
the duties of his of&ce. Those
in Orangs, county, I hear have d^'
I859.J War of the Regulafioni 33&1
clarod they will pay their taxes as
«iooa as they can get the money.
—
Other parts of the province havp
been quiet since^ excepting an at^
^
If your Lordship should re-quire
any further satisfaction as to.
the late disturbances, than what is
transmitted with this letter, Cap-tempt
made by thirty men from tain Collet, who was present at
Edgt^combe couuty (while the As- Hillsborough in quality of my Aid-sembly
was sitting) to rescue one de-Gamp, can give your Lordship
O'lieal, an insurgent, out of Hali- information of everp particular of
fax jail. This body, however, by
the spirit and activity of the towns-vaea
and neighborhood, were drove
out of town after having many
heads broke, oue horse shot, and
OD-e of their party taken and put in
prison. I will mention another af-fair
which happened in August
last : A body of about eighty men
came to the court of Johnston coun-ty
vyith the intention to turn the
;ustices ofr the bench, as had been
done in the spring at Anson county
court. The jastic^-s thought it
prudent, tho' the first day of the
court, to adjourn the court for that
term. Upon the notice of the in-surgents'
approach, they immedi-ately
colleoted some gentlemen and
others, who were the friends of gov-ernment,
and attacked with clubs
the insurgents, and after a smart
skirmish drove them out of the
lield. I am persuaded if I had not
had the fortune to stop the mis-chief
that was intended against the
town of Hillsborough, and insult
to the superior court, the civil gov-ernment
of most of the counties
in the province would have been
over-ruled, if not overturned, and
ihe door opened for the completion
of their intentions, an abolition of
taxes and debts, for the insurgents
throiighoflt the country only waited
to see the event at Hillsborough,
Orange couniy being considered by
them as the heart of the strength of
-heir friends ; and if they had then
triumphed, thousands would have
declared for them, andiStood up in
defiauceof the laws of;t^is country.
pari
that service. It is with pleasure,
I can assure his i\Iajesty, not a per-son
of the character of a gentleman
appeared among these insurgents.,
Herman Husband appears to have
planned their operations He h.
of a flietious temper, and lias lont;-
since been expelled from the so"
-
ciety of the Qiiakers for the im-morality
of his life. I beg leave
to submit to his Majesty, whether
his extending the proclamation of'
pardon and making it general,
(Herman Husband, their princi-pal,
only excepted,) both with re-spect
to persons and fines, as I have-only
a power of suspension in the
'latter case, may not be advisable
:
in the present circumstances of the'
country; the goals through the
whole province (Halifax excepted)
,
are so miserably weak, that it is a
prisoner'i^ own choice if he stavg..
to take his trial, unless there is"
a
special guard to prevent his escape.
'" I have only to add that the
troops employed on this occasiou
were extremely steady in the caus^
of government, orderly and regular
in the discharge of their duty.
—
His Majesty's Presbyterian sub-jects,
as wellas those of the Church
of England, showed themselves
very loyal on this service ; and I
have a pleasure in acknow'eio-in'j^
the utility that the Presbyterian-ministers'
letter to their Irethren
had upon the then face of public,
affairs, when every man's affeo
tious seemed to be taii t 1 with
the poisons of the insur: ents. The
Rev. 3Ir. MickJejohn's sermon m~
340 North- Carolina Journal of Education. [Nov..
closed, will testify Lis assiduity in
this cause.
I can with great integrity de-clare,
that I never e:s.perienced
the same anxiety and fatigue of
spirits, as I did last summer in
raising and conducting the troops.
If the motive and issue.meets with
his Majesty^s gracious approba-tion,
it willbeagreat consolation to
'< My Lord,
your Lordship's, &c."
We had occasion, in preliminary
remarks on the subject. of taxation
and representation, to refer to the
j^tatements of Governor Tryon,
Chief Justice Hasell, and the;reg~
ulator McPherson, with respect to
the scarcity of money and the com-paritive
value of property then,
and at the present time.
The results of this expedition,
as exhibited in the provincial legis-lation
upon the subject, will pre-sent
the inequality of representa-tion
and taxation in another, and
a stranger light,, and^liew that the
traditions with reference to prices
of staple commodities, are fully
sustained by the record.
The " Act making provision for
the payment of the forces raised
to suppress the late insurrection
on the "western frontiers," &c.,
passed in 1768, after reciting that
''a large debt is become due for
the payment and subsistence of
these troops, and that the great
scarcity of money rendering it im-possible
to raise a sufficient sum to
pay off that debt, or to discharge
the larger sums clue from the pub-lic,
for running the dividing line
between this Province and the
Indian hunting-grQunds, and other
claims upon the public treasury,"
provides for the creation of a cer-tificate
debt to the amount of
twenty thousand pounds " procla-mation
standard;" and for dis-charging
the same, that a poll tax
.two shillings, proclamation, shall
bo l&vied on each taxable person
in the Province, to commence for
the year 1.771, and continue until
the sum for the above mentioned
certificates be duly raised." The
fifth section of the act, '• the bet-ter
to enable the industrious poor
of this Province to discharge their
annual taxes except the sinking
taxes heretofore laid," enacts "that
inspectors' prommis.sory notes, or
receipts for the following commod-ities
being; good and merchantable,
and inspected a n d passed as
such," shall be received in dis-charge,
" at the rates following, to
wit : tobacco, at fifteen shillings
per hundred weight; hemp, en-titled
to a bounty, at forty shill-ings
per hundred weight ; rice, at
twelve shillings per hundred
weight ; indigo, at four shillings
per pound ; beeswax, at one shil-ling
per pound ; myrtle wax, at
eight pence per pound; Indian
dressed deer skins, not weighing-less
than one pound each, at two
shillings and six pense per pound.
The forces raised to suppress .the
insurrection, were, with a slight
exception, from the southerp .dis-trict.
The whole appropriation of
£20,000 was about equal ,to one
pound to each head of a fan^ily in
the northern district. The royal
tenants, by the services .rendered
\n the subjugation of the vassals of
Lord Granville, were furnished
with a fund for the (^payment of
taxes, in the rato of two .pounds for
each bead of a family, supplied by
the latter, in money, or, its equiva-lent
in compiodities at.tfie forego-ing
rates. The £10,000 appro-priated
at ,the same session, for
the completion of the j)alaoe, was
raissd by <' an annual poll tax of
two shillipgs and eixp^Jjce pro*
1859.J War of the Regulation. 341
clamatioa money" on each " tax-ble
person in the Province for and
during, the term of three years,"
beginning; with 1769. Two-thirds
of this sum were raised in the
northern, while the entire amount
was expended in the southern, dis~
trict. With these facts before us
it will not be difficult to divine the
motive which induced the southern
treasurer to advance, and the treas-urer
of the northern, division to re-fuse,
funds to sustain the expenses
of the campaign of 1771.
Thus closes the histdry of the
Regulation during the years 1766,
j
1767, and 1768. Col Fanning rep- '
resented Orange in the General
j
A-gsecaWy, from 1762 to 1768.
j
Thomas Loyd was his colleague
during a portion of this period, and
seems from the narrative of Hus-band
to have been scarcely less
conspicuous as a military leader in
1768. In 1769; Fanning and Loyd
were made to yield their places in
the Assembly to Herman Husband
and John Pryor. The latter was
a Justice of the Peace, and a prom-inent
regulator.
The history of the Ptegulation
during the subsequent years, un-til
it' was quenched in blood at
Alamance on the 16th May, I77I,
may be given hereafter, if what has
already been writtfen shall excite
such a degree of interest in the
subject, asto justify its coutinuance.
.EWIS WEED'S i^lUTE S€HOLAES:
BY .70E, THE JEttSEY MTjTE';
I shall oevor forget as long as 1
live, the afternoon when I took by
the hand and enjoyed a tetea teie
wiih this pioneer in the cause of
deaf-mute education. Mr. Weld,
(who has since been gathered to his
fathers,) was then principal of the
Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Hart-ford,
Codq; He was at first employ-ed
as an assistant teacher in the
Hartford Asylum, and afterwards
appointed to the superintendence
of the Psansylvania Institution,
then in its infancy. The first class
of children ever formed in the lat-ter
establishment, was placed under
liis care, and subsequently became
distinguished for intelligence. Of
his pupils William Darlington
^as the most intelligent, and' in all
respects the most rem'ark able. Left
an orphan at' an early age, he was
taken care of by a benevolent gen-tleman,
wba afterwards placed him
under the taftioa'of'Mr. Weld. xVt
eighteen j^earsof age, be became
an assisstant teacher, but soon af-ter
resigned h'is charge over the
mute pupils, on account of the
inequality of his salary. In this
connexion I cannot forbear expres-sin"'
my rei2;ret that in almost all
the schools for the deaf and dumb,
deaf-mute teachers' are not allowed
to share equally in the compensation
of others who can hear and speak.
All honor, I say, to all the deaf
and dumb institutions in the world.
They have accomplished much
good, but I object to the merccna-
34^ North- Carolina Journal of Education. [Noi
ry spirit which governs the Trus-tees
of incst of these institutions in
regulating the compensations allot-ted
to teachers. I have just receiv-ed
a copy of the "proceedings of
the fifth convention of American
'instructors of the Deaf and Dumb,
held St the institution of the Deaf
and Dumb, Jacksonville, 111., Aug.
11th, 12th, and 13th, 1858," in
\vhich I find not fewer than twenty-two
pages occupied with what may
with propriety be called a war of
words on the subject of the coiii«
pensation of deaf mutes as teachers
L am surprised as well as shocked
at the insolent tone of the remaaks
made on this subject by Dr. Feet,
principal of the iN'ew I'ork luslitu-tion,
andEev. Mr. McIntire, prin-cipal
of the Indiana Institution.—
:
Dr. Peet seems oblivious of the
i'act that he has, in his employ, a
deaf-niutje teacher who,atter ha\ing
worked many years at a salary ot
•*?400 per.j-ear, at length married
an interesting mute lady, and pe>
titioned to him for au increase
uf salary, giving as a r':;asou that
with the expenses of living at their
high rates, he did not know huwto
make both ends meet; but his peti-tion
was rejected. And, besides,
Dr. Feet's assistauts, who can
bear, after marriage, receive a sal-ary
of |140o per yt-ar. 'ihose of
them who are in a state of single
blessedness, are salaried at ^800 a
year. Ihe mute teacher in ques-tion,
wished to receive such pay as
might place him beyond the reach
of want, bat Dr. FkE'I said au in-crease
in his pay was out of the
question. The ooly reason Dr.
I'EET had to refuse thus to enable
him to live a little above the point
of destitution, was that the bare pay
he received, was io harmony with
his constitutional iutirmity. If a
teacher is deaf, it follows that he
must be content with the pittance
which his superiors see fit to give
him, in preference to exerting
himself in another sphere of duty,
so at least Dr. Feet says. I know
another deaf-mute teacher, who has
been married many years, and my
pen cannot do justice to his sufi"er-ings
all that time, arising from the
inequality of his salary.
Dut to return. Mr. Darling-ton
has published a work on My-thology,
which reflects the highest
credit upon him and his teacher.
A year or two ago the deaf-mute
citizens of New York, who were
disgusted with the vagabond life
which many of their brethren led,
called on him and requested him to
write for publication a communica-tion
depreciatory of the low mode
of life which a large portion of
their brethren led, and thereby in--
jured the reputation which the
deaf-mute portion of the communi-ty
enjoyed as members of society.
In compliance with the request of
the denf-mute citizens, he publish-^
ed in the iNew York iJaih/ Trib-une
a half coluuiu communication,
the object of which wa;5 to request
the keepers of hotels and boarding
bouses in general, to discountenance
loafing and begging on the part of
mutes. As a literary performance,
it served no other effect than to
heighten the estimation of his read-ers
of his intellectual character.— ,
He is not unaccomplished, conver-ses
readily on many topics, and has
a good knowledge of French. Mr.
FoRTER, ex-Uovernor of Fennsyl-vauia,
is his uncle; and his con-nexious
belong to the upper classes
of society.
James Montagh, another pupil
of Mr. Weld, was a native of Eng-land,
and, when a lad, came to Phil-adelphia,
to receive an education
at the Deaf and Dumb In.stitution.
^859.] ^Iluie Shcolars.
Here he distinguisbed himself by
bis great proficiency in hisstrudies,
i-.nd gained the esteem of all the
xeachers and pupils. He was af-terwards
chosen as a monitor, in
'.vhich capacity he won the golden
opinions of all the persons connect-ed
with the Institution. At the
2ge of twenty, he resigned his em-ployment,
and put himself appren
dee to the printing trade ia -Phila-ielphia
: and I have heard that his
ijonstant application to business,
procured him the affectionate es-teem
of his master, and that the
-great facility with which he set
type was a general topic of conver-
-atiou in the city. A year or two
after his term of apprenticeship
"xpired, ho v/as appointed to bean
assistant teacher in the Deaf and
Dumb Institution, which office he
continued to hold until his death.
Ijeing naturally of an ambitious
turn of mind, be' devoted a large
part of his time to the study of
mechanical sciences. He invented
.'.t small engine car, and^if I mistake
net, received a patent for it. It
was run round a wooden rail road
in a room, by force of steam for as
many hours as the owner desired.
In 184:1, Mr. MoNTAGH mar-ried
an accomplished youog lady,
'speaking,) by whom he liad three
children—two girls and a boy.
—
He loved bis wife with '-ail the
fierceness of love," (as he express-ed
it.) He was so brilliant in con-versntion,
and so polite in manners,
that bis society was eagerly sou^'ht
by mutes of both sexes, as well as
valued by the speaking people who
knew him. lie was a wit of a su-perior
order, a very clever compan-ion,
and, in short, a fellow of rare
qualities of good. His mind was
well stored, and its rich treasures
were inexhaustible. He was slight
of form, .small in stature, and had
a very interesting countenance, in
1817, he showed the symptomo cf
insanity, and by slow degrees '^aii
so lost to sense, as to be unconscious
of what was going on around him.
His wife, whom he used to call his
dearest treasure on earth, made her
appearance before his eyes, but be
did not so much as recognise her.
She used every means in her power
to restore him to reason, but to mo
purpose. It was at length deemed
advisable to place him in the In-sane
Hospital, where it was thought
he might ultimately be restored to
reason. But, alas ! human bopes
are delusions, and human efforts
iaeffectual. He grew worse acd
worse—without the slightest ray
of reason being discernible in biai —until the 7th of i^lav,when death
came to his relief. Insanity is far
more dreadful than death, vnd in
ending this earthly life was cer-tainly
better than to dwindle oa
through years of unconsciou-sness,
"dead at the top." The regret
which follows a kind heart to the
grave, is mine while I pen this
souvenirio the memory of one who,
when he stroked my head during
my pupilage, as was his wont, little
dreamed that I was to take hi.'
place as teacher of the deaf ao:l
dumb.
Every person who is familiar
with the oriyin, rise and progress
of the fine arts, has heard of Al-bert
Newsom, one of the best
lithoii'raphic engravers in the Uni-ted
States. He has many hundreds
of friends, not only in the city where
he lives, but in all parts of tb-s
country. His origin is humble ;
but tc^his case is applicable the
proverb that "mind is superior to
matter-"
Henry W. Coxrad knowi;
many things, which he has a rare
faculty for explaining in clear and
344 JSforth- Carolina Journal of Ediication. [Ifov.,
intelligent language. He loves to
search into the first springs of as-tions
and causes of things, and
reasons on many subjects with great
power. In conversation he is at no
loss for words, and, take him all in
all, he is a brilliant and correct
speaker. He follows the printing
trade, which is the ''art preservative
of all arts." He has bought a
handfome brick house, which he
rects to a family. His wife is able
to hear and speak.
Joseph Tindall is a printer,
and has seen much of the world.
]S^ature has endowed him with a
strong mind, w'hicli has been much
improved by reading and conver-sation
; in addition to which, he is
possessed of eonsiderable beauty of
face und features. In hi,s young
days he studied th« art of writing
at the academ}'' of Mr. Eoss, and
made great proficiency. I have
often had the pleasure of examin •
ing specimens of his penmanship,
and make no manner of difficulty
in expressing the opinion that he
will " ascend to the highest round
in fame's ladder" in the above
mentioned art. At the ageof twen^
tyone years he had the misfortune
to be afflcted with sore eyes, and
placed himself under the care ofa
physician, who succeeded in effect-ing
a cure. Thus restored in health,
he went to Saratoga, and worked
in a printing office there. Ho was
then slender in form, but, after
having spent some months in drink-ing
the water of the springs, he
inclined to that corpulency of body
which is now considered a beauti-ful
pant of the human system. Dull
ames came, and he was thrown out
qf euiployment. Tie went to Cin-cinnati,
Ohio, and m spite of the
dreadful ravages which th 3, cholera
then coiflmittcd in that city, he
sought and found wpi'k.; and p^v-sued
his vocation with that energy
and decision of mind, for which he
has been always distinguished.
—
During his stay there, he saw a
mute priiiter of color,- who was out
of work, and applied to his em-ployer
on behalf of htm, but his
employer objeoted,^ on account of
his color. As is usual with tirin-ters,
lie was again thrown out of
work; after a. short stay in Cin-cinnati,
he proceeded to St. Louis,
and thence to. New Orleans, where
he was so fortunate as to obtain a
situation in theoffice ofthe ''Echo,"
a large daily paper publishid by a
Fren<;hman, whom he described
as a remarkably small man, only
three feet high, witli a large head,
and legs, to correspond, quite as
small as those of a three year old
boy. It was not uncommon, he
said, to see this dwarf carried up
stairs into the psinting office, in
the arms of his slave, as soon as he
drove up to the door in hi^j car-riage.
As is the case with all daily
paj>ers, Mr. Tindall had to work
every day and night, not except-ing
Sunday; he not unfrequently
began to work by candlelight, and
continued working till the rays of
the rising sun peeped in through
the v,^iudow and convinced him
that the darkness of night has
given place to the light of day,
and he then hurried on his coat
and ran to his boarding house, to
spend the whole morning in sleep.
He worked early and late every
day, hoping in this Avay to acquire
five hundred dollars, but it was
not till he had earned one hun-dred
dollars, that the publisher of
the Echo failed. He immediately
left New Orleans for Mobile, Ala.,
in a steamboat, and while on hiw
way to the latter city, he formed
a slight acquaintance with a news-paper
eclitor, who informed him
1859.] Mule Shcolara. 845
thit he had been applied to by a
mute printer named Samuel Mc-
Guire. for wjrk. who, despite his
infii'mity, had distinguished him
self in several battles on both sides
of the Atlantic, but could n;)t af
ford to give him a plica On Mr
Tindall's expressing a wish to see
Mb. McGrulre, the editor showid
him a paper, in which he was sur-prised
ti find a notice of his death.
After his arrival in Mobile, he
engaged a plac3 in a printing
office, and promised to go to work
on the ensuing d .y. O.i his retur i
to his hotel, he mot wifh a printer
just arrived from Phil idelphia.
who had worked with him in that
city. Hearing that his friend
suffjred considerable ruental vv-gulsh
for want of work. M-. Fin-dall
geiieroasly oifered him the
situation he hid engaged. His
ofiFer was accepted by the Jistres-^-
ed man with many expressions o:'
gratitude. Mr. i^^indall journeyed
to Chariest, n, S. C, and thenc3
to Washington, where he obtained
a place in the office of Genera!
Duff s •' United States Tdegraph.''
His associate compositors struck
for an increase of prices, an J wore
involved in quai-rels with the prin-ters
of other papars. Pts'.ols,
bowle knives and other weapons
were used as instruments of de-fence,
but no human bio )d wa;
shed. One of thj printers saw
M'-. Findall a'> a hjtel, and know
ing him to b) employed at the
office of the U. S Tdigrah. pu:.
the barrel of his pistol to his fore
head, as if to blow out his brains ;
but he soon let fall his pistol hj
his side. Gen Duff was si well
pleased with Mr. Findall's be-haviour,
that he promoted, him t
»
the rank of I'oreman, with a salary
of ten dollars a week. Afterwards
he came to Philadelphia, where ne
still lives. In the soring of IS 49
he heard as much of the gold mines
in California, as to feel a great
desire to go there and hunt gold ;
but, upon second sober thought,
he saw th« folly of such a step, and
abandonel his idea of fcoing to
Californ'a. In lS5o he married a
sensible lady, deaf and dumb like
han and in a few months found
himself a widower.
JoHX CARM.v.a native of Phila-delphia,
but now a reudent of iNew
York, deaf and da n'j from his
birth, hisacquireda lianlso nc for-tune
by close attention to his pro-fes;
io!i, w lich is th it of -i minia-ture
p'iintor. He iia^ published a
few pjoms as h^ odls th mi, wh ch
are simewaat fan ty In measure;
for how can one whj is born deaf
and duiib, and as a neesssary con-sequence,
incapable of fjrmin j a
eor.ect idea of souad, succeed in
preserving all the n ce'les of ac-cent,
mea-U'e and rhythm? Oo i-siderin^-
his deifne^s, hiwever, his
pjeticai efforts are rema.-kable ex-p.
irimc'nts They abound With
beau-ifal sentimeits, wiiic'i if he
were ma iter of the rules of poetic
art, would hand his aane diwn to
p)3terity. The deaf from birth
can no wise perrecfc themselves in
versiScxtio'i. i'oerry depend} en-tirely
u )on sounds. B irn mutes
h ive nj idea oi:' sound. They ac-qaire
k:i iwled i-e throu !;h the me-diu
a of th i eyes alone. iho:e
only who are deorived of hearing
aJcer havin r lear.iel to articulate,
(if gifted with the '• faculty die-vine,')
can Write poetry. It is im-p
>ssible to mike a poet of a born
ma e, eveo thui^'i his ti!eit>s be
spieilid. In spite of th ise fac.s,
oir. Oarlin persuides himself that
he c n poetize as well as others
who speak His/i/'JJe is tea fold
better than his poeti-/, so far as the
23
346 North- Carolina Journal of Education. [Nov.,
construction of sentences afte " the
most approved model is concerned.
His last communication— that en-titled
the "Wages of Deaf-Mute
Instructors," read at the fifth con-vention
of the teachers of the deaf
mutes held, as I have already said,
at tie Jacksonville Insti.'ution in
August, lb'58 —is a model of fine
writ'ng, justsuffitientlj to; el down
by an indomitable common sense
Honorable mention is made of him
in the "New AmericanCyclopedia,"
under the head of "Eminent Deaf
Blules."
His brother Abraham B Car-
LiN. also deal, is more cr less ac
quainied With every branch of in-dustry,
not prohibited by his want
of speeh. As painter, dapuereo-typist,
carpenter, cabinet-maker,
and stage actor, he has succeeded
near y eejualjy well, and absohi-'ely
succeeded as each. He painted a
most admii'able picture of hs wife
in the }riuje of her life lie can
make all kindsof household furni-ture.
Ihere aie several pieces of
workmanship in the museum of the
Penn!-y,vai.ia luctiiu icn for the
Deaf and Lumb. executed by his
gkiiful hand, and which may be
ranked among the greatest me-cbauical
cur.osities ol the present
daj. He can inse^ibe charac ers
upon ivoiy. iie dances par ex-cellence
and has once pJaycd upon
the stage. And what is si ill more
remarkable, he is well accjuainted
with ihe Djyt-teries of magic It
is not in ihe ] ower ol my pen to
descr.be the muigled emotions of
je)y and ami.zen,ent which I felt
on witnessing the tricks he ] er
formed m the; tcliooi-room wht n I
was a pupil liaMiig studied
humuii nature for many years, he
knows tuil well how to adopt his
manners to the taste of people, tie
has a talent for excitiny, the riii-bles
of the vci<^st sober mutes as well
as for making the moi-t merry ones
weep bitterly. He reads well,
talks " brilliant nothings," sings
by signs end gestures with irresiti-bie
eifect,dances a /a Fanny Ellsler,
draws laughable caricatures of
men, and so on.
Education :—- An education
which shall make the rising gen-eration
in ttie aggregate better
farmers and mechanics than their
fathers were—this is an urgenli
need of our times. Not that am-pler
foud and better houses are all,
or the best, that education ca.i do
lor us. but that I hey are conditions
of progress in o' her and hiaher de-partments
Theie are thousands
of ignorant parents who can no
otherwise be convinced of the im-
])ortanee of education to their chil-dren,
than by seeing it make two
blades of grass grow in place of
one. Make the most stolid and
miserly ]iarents comprehend that
Kiuiwiedge is physical as well as
UK.ral and Intel. ectual pow^r
—
power uver th3 earth and its boun-ties,
as well as power to predict
eclipses and calculate the paths of
the planets— and they will realize
that their children cannot do with-out
it.
—
N. Y. Tribune.
A good lady objected to allow-ing
her son to have a collegiate
eaucatioii, avter she was inlormed
that projane history was one of
the studies.
We cannot all of us be beautiful,
tut the pleasantness of a good na-tured
look is denied to none —
M e Cc.n all of us increase and
strengthen the family ati'ection and
delights of home.
1850.] Random Thowjhfs. 347
RANDOM 'IHOUJHTS.
Tlie (lidimi. pretty fxtensivelj
avowt^d and more hxh nsively neteii
on, that iho " er'd .«aiic'tit es the
means' is subversive of all jidvern
ttieiit, except that. peiii;>ps, nt [he
njust ahsdlure despotisiu ; hut if
Diust always stiinulate and direct
the eflt/rts made fur it,« artaiiiinent.
To have an (.bji'er in view, beymid
the ujere safely or ^rafifiratiou of
the present inouient, wlncli turiiisii-es
the motive or mnvino powe fu
action, is the ^?(ar eliaracter stic or
intelli<;erit b( in^- j and, as the im-portance
or w.iithies^ness -of his
object jiive-' him a noble or a wotth-kss
chaiacter, he who aims at soine-thiii'i'
jireat and beneficent, and
adopts the best menus to attain it,
finds, in the very conception, an
elevation of sentiment, aiid {^ains
ihe general resp. ct of his lei low
men.
All mankind desire personal se
curity and ample means of enjoy-meiit
J but many look no luiitiei
than the present hour, or, at most,
tJhe present liie. Some areso selhsh
and contracted that, as intelligent
and moral beifJi;s, they never ex-tend
their aims beyond that narrow
circle, and never enlar;ie their ca»
pacity for a wider and more ele-vated
la ijieof er jo} Oienf. Parents,
Unless iheyare n onsters, live lor
their children, and aim at tlieii
Welfare; bu' not know.nj:- or not
conbiderin<: in wh- t tiai welfare
really consists, they utteriy lail
in securing their object. With
Christian paret.ts, the tiist object
is the convpision of tl eir child-ren
; the neiit is, their uselul-ness.
Of c«:Uise, they endeavor lo
give them such a tiaining as will
ojake thtui ie.>-pecti.ble members oi
society, and, if their circumstances
admit of it, to prei are them mr the
sjosfiel ministry or some cne of the
learned professions. Others, who
are edu<:ated and intelligent, but
are strang^'rs to the power of re-ligious
mi'iivts, think only of mak-ing
their ci ildren rich, or, if talent-ed,
giving tliem an education by
which they ca acquire wealth lor
rhemselves ; and, both by their
wealth and their talents, e.\ert a
wi(Je intiuenee in the community to
wl L-h they beloiiir. Others, again,
either from ignorance or avarice,
only sneer at the iilea of anytiiitii^
more thyn making thorn good
larmers (»r meclianics ami t'ivi.ig
ihem just education emiUiiii to
transact the iiio.Nt common business
ot life. But there is one position
in which the ciiiidren of all classes
al.ke must be placed, if they live to
be i^ri>wn, and for which they
ouiiht, by all means, to be well pre-pared.
In our hasty and desultory re-marks
thus tar, we have had reter-ence
chiefly ii not exclusively to
the male part of ouryt.uthtui popu-lation,
and those which may yet be
offered will be o' the SiHiic tenor.
'llie}oung. the present boys of our
Common schools and '-tlier institu-tions
wil Soon be, in the full ini'
pert of the exprission, citizens of
a Iree and indi pendent couniry, a
country a. most un<q'ialled in the
exteiit of territory and alti)gether
unparallelled in the uevelopment of
her resouici sand in her social prog-ress.
They ought to have all that
culture, menial, moral and physical
which will make ihein Tnen, m the
highest and best sense ot the term.
He>e a wide and tempting field for
348 North- Carolina Journal of Education. [Nov.,
d sjussio^ is of>enftd before us
;
but I ur liinitffJ spice forbids anv-thiiiir
more t'.cin a few very sre-eral
remarks, and in onlj? one asnect of
the subject, that is, the traininir
Te'|uisite to fit them fur discharjiins;
the duties and nieetinir the respon-sibilities
which will necessarily
attach to their ritrht of citizenship.
That some special instruction and
discipline are need^-d, are in f;icf
indispensable for this >'ifposo, will
not be questioned ; for it is a dic-tate
of plain common sense. If a
boy is destined to be a farmer, a
mechanic, or a merchant, pains are
taken by his parents or (jruardi.i'is
to make him an adept in the busi-ness
'.•liich he is to follow and als((
in all that conciliatory address and
prudent manavrement in the imme-diate
comniunity amonir whom he
resides, which are necessary to en-sure
SUCCJS8. If be is de^tinnd to
be a pietjciier, a physician. a lawyer.
or a statLsmaii, the t- a diinir and
traiuinu; jiiven liim mnst hav..' .-i
wider ran^e and give a fuller d^-
veil pment to his powers. A? all
•re destined to be citizens arn] con-
SC(iaeiitiy lawyers, stiitesmen and
judges or magistrates, this outiht to
be kept iuteliigeijtly and steadily in
view durius^ the whole course of
their eduoatiooal tr tiiiiui:.
In monarobic'd countries, the
heir apparent to the tiirone always
receives the vcy best training ami
preparation tiiat can be give . him
fjr the position which he is to oc-cupy.
Tliis, as the hiiihest of all
Parthly obj'-cts, to him at jea.st, is
kept steadily in view through the
whole period of his tutelaue ; for,
without the requisite qualih ations
if he does not involve the cnuntry
in ruin, he will brintr on himselt
the scorn or contempt of the nation
He niust be made thorouirhly ac-quainted
with the couditiou, in-ter
'sts and relations of the country
over which lie is to exercise his
authority : he must be tauirht how
to rulj with wisd cu. firmness,
equity and discretion ; and, in
order to do this, he must learn how
to govertt himself to appreciate the
welfare of his subjects, and to prac-tice
those virtues which fortn the
substratum of ail social enjoyment;
hat in this c luntry, every man is a
k\0'S, and must, directly or indi-rectly,
tr wern others as w.dl as him-self.
He, too, must be made as
r'uJ y acduiinted as possible wii;h
tile ctnstitution. laws and iroverri-ment
of the c )untry, with the bill
of rights, with the nature and ex-tent
of hu n in liberty, with the
spirit and gMiius of our free institu-tions,
and witti our domestic and
f'oreiirn relations. He mu-t be
t lU hr, liow to value hi-i inherirance
and how to employ the best measures
for its improvement orseuurity, how
to govern iiim-elf and how lo ex-erl•
i^e the fio^ver, with which, as a
citizen, a legislator, and a judge,
he has been legitimately invented,
li^very citizen should knorfr what
sort of men he ouuht tu select for
the differetit offices that are re-quired
to be filled unier the gov-ernment
; and he should have tirm-ne-
i-i enouih to act accordingly, re-iiardlessof
mere sectional interests
or parry influences. The immense
imp >rtance and responsibi iiy, es-pecially,
of the elective fr.inchhey
cannot be too faithfully expounded
nor too earnestly impressed upoa
our growing urctiins from the very
diwa of reason until tull maturity —for the safety of our free institu-tions,
the development of our re»
sources and the continued increase
and prosperity of the nation, de-pend
upon the enliijchtened and
honest use of the ballot box- No
arjiumeuts are needed to show that
1859.] Randoin Tkoiightt 349
the ignorant or corrupt use of the
ballot box will soon undermine any
republican government on eartli,
and blieht all the fairest h(>pcs ot
human progress ; and, if this be so,
the necessity of ni:ikin<rita promi-nent
subject in the eoueation of
the youuii, becomes as clear as the
light of day.
Thus fwr I have only made a few
suggestions, or rather have simpl*
brought up the subject for the
future con.'-ideration of others, and,
although I would like to dwell a
little longer on it, uiy space and
my conscience, too, forbid me to
tresspassany further on the patience
of your readers. In fact, I feel
startled now when i feel bow niuch
of your rnoni I have already occU'
pied to ihp exclusion of o'hers
who are far niorp competent to
entertain your numerous re^derSj
and most assuredly I had no inten-tion
of being so pmlix. My (ib-ject
was, in the first plare. to show
my interest in the cause, and, in
the next place, t(t give a little more
variety to yciur very valuable jour-nal,
or, perhaps, excite others to do
better; but, Mr. Editor, without
urther apolojiy, if ytiu will be kind
eiidusih, especially as 1 am uot a
profe^stdviTnuT, to excuse the past,
I will promise not to be so obtru-sive
in future. C.
[Always glad to hear from you.
Ld]
THE BEST METHOD OF INSTRUCTING.
In discussing the best method
of imparting instruction, it may be
regarded as being fairly within
our province to consider attentive
ly the character and qualities of
the instrument through which this
end is to be attained; since, were
we considering the best method of
executing a certain very dij/icidt
and highly important piece of
mechanical work, it would be an
object of the first importance to
look well into the particular kind
of machinery necessary to perform
that work in the best manner possi-ble.
Assuming then, that the
best method of imparting instruc-tion
is mainly referable to the
suitableness of the medium through
which it is transmitted, we may,
in the first place, note the charac-ter
and qualities requisite to a
good instructor. Our ^ subject
does not confine us merely to those
cases in which instruction is to be
imparted in the acquisition of
knowledge from the study of text
books; but it must be considered
on a broad and exten.sive scale,
presupposing a thorough knowl-edge,
ye., a practical knowledge,
in . 11 the principles of human at-tainmenis
by which the mind is
moulded into being, guided and
influenced in its course through
lite. Let us consider one moment
the position of a teacher, his con-stant
and ever varying toils, his
great and unending responsibilities
and still more his peculiar relation
to those committed to his care,,,
his power of stamping upon the;U:
a lasting impress either for good
or for evil, and you will a,ee some-thing
of the di^eulties aud hard-ships
attendeut apoB the b.^sisiness
of teaching.
The Teacher holds in his hands.
350 North- Carolina Journal ef Elacation. [Nov.,
as it were, the distaiF, and spins
out for rising generations the
thread of their moral and intellec-tual
being. He is their guardian
and friend both in the lender years
of you^ih and in the mature years
of manhood ; and while a just ap-preciat=
on of the high and sacr.;d
trust committed to his charge, and
a proper excie'se of his influence
and power over the youthful mind
will surely lead to results the most
beneficial ; ignorance or an absence
of genuine feeling or an indiifer-ence
about the well being of oth-ers,
will as surely lead to injury
which no time, no healing art can
wholly repair. Like Midas, he
has power to impart a golden ex-cellence
to everything he touches,
or like (he Harpies, he can defile
everything around him. By ex-ertinii-
upoa the pliable mindsof
the young, a healthful moral in-fluence,
he may educate them to
live up to the true dignity of
mnn's nature; and become the
pillars of intelligence and t-ue
greatness, of religion and virtue ;
or fiom an abuse of his privileges
and a disregard, or an ignorance
of his cares and his duties, he may
so deaden their moral sensibiity
a-nd paralyze the noble impulses of
their better nature, as to render
their subsequent life one of in-activety,
crime, or wretchedness
It is not in the power of a parent to
estimate truly the tremendous in
fluenee of a teacher over the minds
of his pupils. Go back through
past ages to those nations best ed-ucated"
and search out carefully the
character of t.ie instructors and
companions of their youth, and you
will then know the character of
the nations themselves, la our
own land, at this very day, leain,
study well the chaiacrer and pe-cmliarities
of our teachers and you
will then knctf :.he history, the pe-culiar
character uf rising genera-tions
It is not denied that stu-dents,
when in the heat ot passion,
or in fits of perversity, may, nay
often do, contemn the authority of
their teacher, reject his counseLs
and despise his example; yet on
the other hand it can not be de-nied,
that, in their cooler moments
and through subsequent life, they
are prone to look to him as an ex-amp.
e and feel tnat they do no
wrung in imitating his course of
cjnduct. Hi-< influence, his txam
lile are mjre plainly written upon
their character and course of ac-tion,
tiian tliose of their parents.
-Parents may be deceived by their
children, and often are, while the
good instructor can seldom be im-
[losed upon by the student. His
thoughts and feelings, his inmost
character and conduct are known
to the leacner ; and it not unfre-qaeatly
happens that parents, are
i'uily porsuided that their chddren
know no wrong, are paragons of
perfection, wiule it is well kaown
to their teachers that, they have
already taken many lessons in vice
and degradation. If then, such
be the power and influenc of the
teacher, if it be his peculiar privi-lege
to look into the heart and scan
the inmost recesses of thought,,
what ought to be his character ?
Without going into detail, we may
answer, that he sliould possess all
those quLilities that tend to nuke
men great and good and wife. He
should have ail the feeling and
tenderness of a parent, allthcfi'-m-ness
and decision of a hero, w.th
a deep sense of a higher accounta-bility
than man owes to his fellow
man : in a word he should be an
example of patience, industry and
foresight, endued with all tliose
eunobiinir virtues that crown the
1859.J Best Method of Imtrucfing. 351
christian. A man may spend
mouths, yes years, in the mast in-tense
application to study, he may
have a thorough knowledge oF the
classics, of the beauties of polite
literature, he may even surpass
sir Isaac Newton in the depth of
his mathematical and philosopical 1
reasoning, he may be able to derive
the most intricate formulas, and
solve the most difficult problems in
mathemaMcs, and comprehend the
most abstract principles in moral
and mental science; he may know
every plan t and every star; he
may be able to trace out every con
Ptellation ; he may be a» Alexan-der,
a Newton, a Pierce, a B.^w-ditch
or a Paley, he may be sober
and religious, and yet, if hehamot
studied, yes, thorouglily studied,
the art of communicating instruc-tion
to others, studied to adapt his
language, his thou^rhts and his
ideas to the comprehension of the
you'ig, studiei to govern him-jjif,
studied to acquire habits of untir
ing patience and industry, studied
to possess a determination never to
yield to difficulties, dangers or
hardships, in a word, assumed for
his motto " I 11 try, ' he can not
be a good instructor of youth.
—
More than this, he must have a
natural, fiiness or the sooner he
abandons his profession, the better
both for himself and society. We
have often heard it ass..ned that
a man may be a good ins'rucuor
and yet, possess n j common sense,
and if it be asserted that comaion
sense is not essential in tne busi-ness
affairs of life, we will not de-ny
the assertion—bat leave the
question for the decision of the
world.
A good instructor must emphat-ically
be a man of the world, thai
is, he must bj wellac.juainted wuh
the world, know all tiie tricks and
deception? of active life; he must
become thorou.ihly i c [uainted with
humm chifact3r in all its phases
that he m ly be the bitter able to
educate properly those given to
his charge, and teach them to shun
the deceptive arfs of men ot the
woild. Nor must the good in^t UC"
tor forget that there was a time
when he was the laughing, care-less
boy.—Yes he, the now verita-ble
polar bear, was once possess-ed
of human desires and feelingfj.
He must neither forget nor disre-gard
the in-teiisj interest of the
school- boy in his sports, and recre-ations—
that he has more joy over
a victory won in childish games
tha.i a veteran hero over a victory
won on the bat;l_i field. He must
not forget th.tthe youthful stu--
dent values the UD.jt 'railing toys-even
more highly than kings do-empires.
He must not forget how
a smile of approbation or one word
of encouragement fills thcyouthful
mind with noble asparations and
kind feelings ; or how a cold look,
a word of censure chills his heart
and blasts his fondest hopes-drives
him into despair, tso mourn in sad-ness
over '• man's inhumanity to-bj^
s."
Thus a you'hful spirit of tho-most
noble impulses and the m »st
generous feeling, is first irriiar-ed
and discourage 1, and then rUiiied.
rime and space b>th aduionish ua
to stop tor the preseat.
s. H. ^Y..*MJi>~4
"While you cannot know>too
much, and ou<;ht as far as you are
capable to master the brauenes of
a tnll education, remember there is
a mine of wealcQ iu .simpie things
which will riciily r. p y the paius
uf ttiorough luvestiiiution."
352 North- Carolina Journal of Education. [Nc
THE NEW TEACHER.
The successor of Jonathan
Wakeup in the little old dinsy,
red school-house, by th<^ turnpike
corner, was a young man. who,
notwithstanding the strictness of
his discipline, became very popu-lar.
He was one of the few, some-times
termed natural theaehers.
The school was completely under
his control, from the first day of
the term, and that without his hav
ing used any apparent effort at
government. An expressed wish
Was law. for most of the pupils,
and for the two or three rebelious-<
ly disposed, a command, accom-
|)anied by a flash of the eye. proved
sufficient. Always earnest and
faithful, he seemi d to infuse a like
spirit into all around him. We
were obedient because we could
not be otherwise ; we applied our
selves with diligence because he
had awakened within us a genuine
thirst ibr knowledgd.
Affable and social, he was not
slew in winnig the favor of our
parents, older brothers and sisters
and the young people generally.
His tastes being more refined than
those of his jredecessors. the large
boys, obedient to the all potent
law of example, dropped their
coarse exprcisions, amended some
of their uniVuth ways, tried to
correct their awkwaid motions,
and in short, became metamor-phosed
into embryo gentlemen.
Unconsciously, perhaps, he not
only gave tone to their manners
and amusements, but became a
sort of oracle among the young
people of the difitrict in regard to
disputed questions of right and
wrong. Here it was that some of
our careful parents, (over careful
we thought,) became anxious in
regard to the extent of his influ-ence,
for our teacher added not to
his numeious gifts the crowning
excellence of piety. No sound
from his lips ever led our young
hearts in prayer, ever impressed
upon us a sense of our responsi"
biiityr to God. ever warned us of
the many dangers in our pathway,
or taught us how to overcome temp-tation.
That he intended to exert a good
inflence, or at least to do no harm,
I do not doubt. Whether his in-fluence,
was on the whole good, or
whether his many virtues only
rendered it the more subtle in its
deleterious effects, I do not pre-tend
to say.
The only charges brought a«
gainst him by the ' ultra strict,'
were that he often spent an hour
over the chess or backgammon
board,—that on two occasions, he
had been known to play whist;
that though seldom seen to smoke,
his clothes had the peculiar lra»
grance imparted by good cigars
;
that at Dr. B's party he had been .
observed to partake fearlessly of
wine, and at the same party had
been noticed as an adept at " trip-ping
on the light fjintastic toe."
1 he youth of our place having
been brought \np to regard all these
things as abominations, opened
w de their eyes at first, but sooa
concluded that dancing and chess
playing were far more sensible
methods of killingtiniethan attend-ing
kiv>ing parties, and that, letting
alone the wine, smoking, though a
bad habit, was a very good thing as
an oceastonal luxury.
The large boys in school tried
secretly, (for their teacher never
smoked in public,) to practice the
puffing art. Coasting and skating
were neglected for the checker-board.
As the season advanced,
however, uLremitting study took
1859.] The New Teacher. 35S
the place of aiimseiuerits of all
kindfi, tor our teacher unHerstooH
full well the art of awakeninjr
ambition.
The best scholar in school that
term was Frederic D., a boy ot
good mental powers, active nervous
temp rament, quick impulses and
unbounded ambition. That winter
foruipd an em i.i his life. The
teacher's influence seemed to have
permeated his whole beinjr and
awakened him to a new existence.
Hi? fond parents, giowinjr with
pride in the brilliant promise ot
their talented boy, resolved, not-wilhstandiufr
their limited means,
to fiive hmi a liberal education.
*' It is all your work," said Fred
to his teacher, on hearinij that his
ardent wishes had received the
parental sanction. " No one else
could have persuaded father to
send uie to college."
:jc :): 4: A :(:
Ten years have passed since that
winter. The disMict were unable
to secure the services of Mr. S the
next year, and never since have
been lavored with his equal.
Fred D for a time gladdened the
hearts of his parents by his rapid
progress in study, and the high
Btand he took on entering college,
but eie long it was whispered that
be was a wild boy, addicted to bad
habits and impatient of restraint.
Alas I these whispers were not
groundless. Before the close of
his second year he was expelled in
disgrace. From that time he be-came
a fugitive. For three years
nothing was heard of him. His
Dame was seldom mentioned in the
neighborhood of his home, and
never casually spoken in the pres-ence
of bis parents. They had
grown prematurely o)d, when one
mild day in October he was brought
to bis childLood's Lome a sufferer
fro'ii a malady which in a few
weeks proved fatal.
He died in the peace of a death-bed
repentance. During his ill-ness
he said, "I wsh I c )uld see
Mr. S I have no one but myself
to hlame for my evil course ; but
I wish, oh ! how I wish, that when
my soul was .set on tire, he h id
warned me against the blackness
of desolation that must follow;
that he had held me back from the
inclined plane down which 1 have
rolled.
He coitU have done it. A few
words of warning from him would
have had more effect than all the
sermnos to which I have ever list-ened.
He cjuid hjive tamed the
spirit which awoke simultaneous-ly
with my ambition. He c.juld
have taught me to conquer my-seU'.
No one else c )uld have done
it then, but his influeece over me
was unlimited.
My very first steps in the down-ward
road Were taken along side
of his tracks. He had the balance
of mind that enabled him to in-dulge
moderately in those things
that have made a wreck of me I
do not blame him. He knew not
what he was doing; but I wish he
could be made to feel that it is a
fearful thing to incu- the respon-sibility
that always accompanies an
influence like his
"
Perhaps too much was attribu-ted
by the ruined youth to his
former teacher, yet who shall
measure the extent of such an in-fluence
?—Comtecticut Common
iSchool Journal.
Success.—Every man must pa-*
tiently abide his time. He must
wait, not in listless idleness, not in
useless pastime, not in querulous
dejection ; but in constant, steady,
and cheerful endeavor; always wil-
354 North- Carolina Ji'Urnal of Education. [Nov.^
ling:, fulfillitiij and atC)iiipli.'<hinir
his task , that when the uccasioii
coHies he ttiay be equal to the oc-casion.
Tlie talent of success is
nothing more than doini; what you
can do well, withciu' a ihouiiht ot
fame. If it comes at all^ it will
come because it is deserved, nut
because it is sought, altar. It is
very indiscreet and tionblesom -
ambition which ca.es so much aboui
fame; about what the world says
of us, til be always loukintr in the
f ice of others for approval ; to b •
always anxi-ous about the effect (»t
what we d't or say ; to be always
shoutint: tn hear the echoes of oui
own voices.
—
Longfelouo.
Religious Instrustion.—D.
Webster in his ma>terly argument
in the celebrated Girard Oollege
case, tho L^upre.ae Cjurt of the
United States, says :
" I maintain ;hat, in any insti-tution
for the instruction of youth.
where the authority of (jrod is dis
owned, and the duties of Chris-tianity
derided and despised, and
its ministers shutout from all par-ticipation
in its proceedinus, there
can no more charity, true charity,
be. found to exist, than evil can
spring ouij of the Bible, error out
of truth, or hatred and animosity
come fonh from the bosom of per-fect
love
" >H * *
" At the meeting of the first
Congress there was a doubt in the
minds of many, of the propriety
of opening the session with pray-er;
and the reason assigned was,
as here, the great diversity of
opinion and religious bei ef. At
leng'h Mr Samuel Adams,, with
the gray hairs hanging about his
shoulders, and with «ii impressive
venerableness now seldom io be
met with (t suppose ojwing to the
difference of habits.) rose in that
assembly, and with the air of a
perfect Puritan, said that it did
no' become men, professing to be
Christian men, who had come to-gether
for solemn deliberation in
the hour of their extremity, to say
Miat tiiore was so wide a difference
in their religious belief, that they
CvtiiLl not, as one man, bow the
knee in prayer to the Almighty,
who.-e advicn and assistance they
liooet) obtain Independent as
hj w,is. and an enemy to all prela-cy
as he was known to be, he mov-ed
that the Rev. Mr. Dache, of
t'le E; i.scjpal Chuic'i, should ad-dress
the Throne of G-race in pray-e
. And John Adams, in a letter
t ) his w.fe, says that he neversaw
a mo.'C moving spectacle. Dr.
Duche read the Episcopal service
of ihe Chu/ch of England, and
then, as if moved by the occasion,
h '. bro.ke out into extemporaneous
prayer. And those men who were
Luen about to resort to force to ob-tain
their rights, were moved to
tears; and fi,jods of tears, Mr. Ad-ams
says, ran down the cheeks of
I he pacific Quakers who formed
part of that nust interesting as-sembly.
Depend upon it, where
there is a spirit of Christianity,
there s a spirit which rises above
forms, above ceremonies, indepen-dent
of s.ct or creed, and the con-troversies
of clashino; doctrines."
Cultivated Women —Sheri-dan
said beautifully, " Woman
governs us; let us render them
peneet. The more they are en^
lightened, so much the more shall
we be. On the cultivation of the
mind of woman' depends the wis-dom
of men. It is by woman that
Nature writes on the hearts of
man."
1859.] Resi<hnt Editor a Department. 355
l^csibciit (gbitor's gcprtiitciit.
Oua Next Volumve.—One
more number closes the present
volunie of the Journal, and we
must be.i^in to prepare for the fu-ture.
If the Journal is doing any
thin 5 to advance the cause of edu-cation
in our State, it has a just
claim to a support; and it must
look to those friends of the cause,
who have aided in giving it its i
present circulation, to renew their
efforts and endeavor to add to the
number of its readers until its in-fluence
shall be felt over the en-tire
State. So fjfr, its subscription
list has not been sufficient to pay
the expense of its publication ;
but the increase this year, over the
number for last year, encourages
us to hope that we will begin the
next year with subscribers enough
to insure its success.
A number of t h. e "County
Boards" have subscribed for it fur
the school Districts of their coun-ties,
and we hope that many more
Counties will adopt the same means
of diffusing information among
their teachers and school commit-tees.
If the Journal could be circu-lated
in every school District in
the State, we are confident that it
would do much more good than
could be accomplished in any other
District would feel the cosL of the
Journal, but the benefit will soon
be appai'ent.
Friends, will you not begin, at
once, to make up clubs of subscri-bers
for next year, and also to use
your influence with the school
officers in your cjunties. Let us
hear from you before the Isfc of
December, if possible, for it will
be difficult for us to make arrange-ments
for printing the next Vol-ume,
unless we can have some idea
of the number of copies that will
be CdlJed fur.
The tallowing circular was sent to
about one hundred persons, from
whom the committee hoped to
receive aid in carrying out their
plan for placing the oournal upoa
a permanent basis. As they have
secured only about one fourth of the
requisite amount of stock, the plan
can not succeed, unless others will
come to our aid. We hope that
ail who are willing to assist us will
respond immediately, as we must
act in the matter at once. We
think the proposed plan will prove
successful, if we can secure the
funds required.
Greensboro, N.C. Aug. '59.
DiiAR Sir:—The Committee ap-pointedby
the Educational Associ-ation,
to take charge of the North
Carolina Journat of Education,
way, with the same expense. No and provide for its continued pub
356 North- Carolina Journal of Education. [Nov.j
lieation, have, after mature delib-eration,
determined upon the
following plan, as best adapted to
secure a perminent result.
We propose to establish an office
for the purpose of printing the
Journal and doing job work for
ischooh, and whatever other print-ing
we can secure. And we wish
tte teacher?, and other friends of
education in the State, to furnish
the capital n':>cessary for carrying
on this work, by taking stock in
<'The N. C. Educational Printing
Company."
The capital required will be
about $25U0. We put the shares
at S'i5 each, that no teacher.who
wishes to become a member of the
company, may be excluded, while
we ex^eat many to take several
shares.
By having the proprietors of the
office scattered over the State, we
hope to secure nut only the job
work of each stockholder, but also
his active co operadon in extend-ing
the circulation of the Journal
and securing other work for the
office.
Those who take stock will have
a voice in the management of the
company, in proportion to the num-ber
of shares they hold, and when
they cannot attend a meeting in
person, they will be allowed to
vote by proxy.
It is nat expected that the office
will yield much profit to the stock
holders the first year, but we feel
confident tha,t it can, with proper
management, be made to pay a
large percent on the capital. And
should it yield but little dividend,
you may at least receive a copy of
the Journal as an income from
your stock, and you will have the
satisfaction of helping to establish
upon a firm basis this organ of our
Educational Association.
Having thus explained to you
our plan, we wish you to inform
us, as soon as convenient, what
amount of stock you are willing to
subscribe, payable between this
time and the 1st of January next,
provided the requisite amount is
secured.
We would also request you, as a
friend of education, to try to in-duce
others to take an interest in
1 he matter, that we may be enabled
to complete our arrangements as
soon as possible.
With much respect. Yours truly.
J. D Campbell, ^ D S Richardson,
C. H. WiLKY,
A. H Merritt, ) Com.
M. S. Sherwood,
j W. W. HOLDEN,
j W. J. Yates, J
fi®* Your reply should be ad-dressed
to J. D. Campbell, Greens-boro',
N. C.
Question. A correspondent
says :
I would submit the following
Question for solution in the North
Carohna Journal of Education.
—
A man had 4 sons, and a farm of
t)OU Acres, in a circle, with his
Dwelling in the centre. He gave
to his sons, 4 equal parcela of
land as large as could be made, in
4 equal circles within the periphe-ry
of his tarm, one to each son,
with a dwelling in the centre of
each circle.
How many Acres does the farm
of each son contain ? How many
Acres did the father retain ? How
far apart were the dwellings of the
eons 't Ho'?^ I'ai was each son from
his father, and how many Acres
surrounded the dwelling of the
father, between the sens ?
1859.] Resident Editor's Department. 35?
We regret that the following;,
from the Beaufort Journal, was
mislaid and therefore did not ap-pear
in the Journal sooner. We
ask the attention uf teachers to
these requests and hope they will
aid the committee in th? perform-ance
of their difficult task :
REQUESTS.
Will the members of the Educa-tional
Association who are teachers
send me a li>!t of the Text Books
iased by them, with a brief state-ment
of their merits, in order hiit
I may obtain, very soon, the infur
mation contemplat-'d in the lies
)
lution, passed by the late E iuoa-tional
Association ? I append the
resolution that all miy see what is
the information desired.
' Wherkas, Much diversity e.^^
ists in tile Text B mks now used in
schools of every jrrade in North
Carolina, b<ith male and female;
and whereas, much inconvenience,
expen-e and detriment t > the cause
of Eoucation, result from sucti di
versity ; and whereas, it is very de-sirable
to remedy these evils and to
introduce umf irmity in the Text
Books in use in all ttie dep^rtmeois
of North Carolina rfoliools ; there-fore,'
Resolved, That the President
appoint a committee of three, to
whom this whole subject shall be
referred.
It shall be the duty of this com-miitee
to correspond with tlie li]u«
catorsof the State.-olieitinga trank
expression of opinion relaiive to this
subject, to a k froiii all a list of tlie
Text Books used in each depart-ment
of tlieir schools, and a brief
statement of the merits they are
considered to possess ; and further,
it shall be their duty to c jrrespond
with the Educators of other States,
and wirii the irreat publishing
houses of the country, thereby pro-curing;
all the necessary details of
the school publications tested by
the experience of the former, and
issued from the presses of the lat-ter
J and then after a careful and
1 npartial examination uf the force
»f the views advanced, nnd of the
nerits of the several publications
suDiiitt^'d to their scrutiny—to re-*
irt the result of their invesfitra-tions
to the next annual meeting
of this Association, n'o mimendi'ior
such action as shall be best calcu-lated
to effect th'? desiirn contem-plated
by this resolution "
May [ request a like favor of
those educators who are not mem«
bers of the association ?
Will my editorial brethren fa-vorable
to the reform contemplatedj
or as a matter of courtesy to myself,
>bli<;e me by giving these " Re-
({uests" an insertion iu their Jour-nals.
A like favor will be recipro-cated
at any time.
Thiise wtio reply at an early date
will doubly confer an obligation.—
=
Information, from any source, caU
culated to throw light upon the
subjf^ct, or lessen the labors of the
committee, will be thankfully re-ceived.
Address me at Beaufort, North
Carolina,
STEPHEN D. FOOL,
Ch7i of Committee.
BOOk T4BLC.
MonE'iN Phioologv: its Discoveries,
History jiud Influence, with maps,
taliular views &c. By 13 VV. Dwiglit.
New York ; A. ri. 13anies & Burr.
\Ve thank the Publishers for a
30Dy of this valuable work, and
instead of giving our opinion of it,
1 we give the following communica-
358 North- Carolina Journal of Education. [Nov.,
tion from Prof. Siiiythe, who is u
devoted student of Philnlocfv.
We have received and had the
pleasure of readititr, a beautiful
voluiiiti bearing the ab^ve title, jusst
published by A 8 Barries & Burr.
We hail it as an exceedinjily valu-able
contribution to our home fttoc-of
knowltdge.
Few persons in this country have
leisure or inclination to petjetrate
into the depths of German scholar
ship, in pursuit of this new and
intereRtina: science.
Much expense, lon<r, patient,
perst-veriricr labor—labor amply re-warded
by the richness and poetic
interest of the results—are required
to frai" af> entrance into the vast
field, that lies waiting the earnest
etudent.
Neither the plaudits of the world,
nor the reward o riches can he
expect; but he must study from
love of his work, for the sake of
science and find his reward in the
pleasure that wells up within h's
own soul. No one can follnw Fran
cis Bcpp, through his never tirinc
exploration of fifty years, into the
secret.s of the Indo-European lan-guages,
without beihjr lose in 'ad-miration
at the patient research,
the enthusiastic devotion, the steady
judgement atd grand results that
have niaiked his coursp. No one
can sit at the feet of Jacob Grimm,
that princely scholar, and listen to
his filial, magnificent recital of the
riches of his tnotiier tongae, catch-ing
as he li.-tens the harmonious
utterances o1 al the other langua-ges
en earth, without feeling that
he holds high communion and hav-ing
his intellectual powers strength-ened
and ennobled.
Wm. Humboldt, great in the
ecience of language, as his better-knowQ
brother x\lexanderiu phys-ics,
comes to us, even at his early
day, with deep penetratinj; utter-ances
wpop the philosophy and
classes of languages. Pott, Diefen-bark,
Schleifher, the two Curtius,
Mommscn, Ra.sk, Castren, Muller
and scores of others, a glorious
hoet, as an army triumphant, sweep
before our sight, bearing their pre-cious
burdens.
'i liat same high impnlse, which
has led men to loni: toil in science
or long voyages to distant, unknown
and dangerous lands has had its in-fluence
here. It was this sent
Anguetil da Perron in the guise
of a eommon soldier to the east,
since otherwise he had not the
means to go, in the face of difficul-ty,
prejudice and dauirer to wrest
by long toil from the followers of
Zoroaster, the Zend-Avesta, " Liv-ing
word." 'Ihis led R.isk fter
thorouiih study of his iiative and
kindred tongues, over the steppes
of Russia and thr(|Ui;h the wilds
of Asia in search of the treasures
of their primitive tongues. This
too led Alexander Castren, feeble
in body yet strt)ng in heart, through
the chill barren wilds of Siberia,
to pass long months in the reeking
huts of its rude inhabitants, gather-ing
up wi'fh patient, loviny: liand
their scattered dialects, that he
might bind them together and hang
them as an imperishable garland
upon the brow of their ancient
mother tonyue* then to come home
to tlel.-ingtors to die ere half his
garnered treasures were given to
the world.
The study of those authors is a
least of pleasure, toilsome though
it may be. No one has ever peue-^
tratcd into the myster'es they un-fold,
without being filled with a
pleasure which he cannot contain,
and an impulse to call his fellows
to the feast.
1859.] Resident Editor s Department. 359
It is a fire, that cinnot,, will not
burn solitary, [r is too lull of the
pulsations of liurujnity as if felt
from eolertri'ial wires running
thrnuijh the universal frame ol
speech
Therefore we rejoice at the ap-peaiaiice
o the wurk hefore us —
It Climes to us all ylowinj: with the
inspintion of the tneine and the
blows upon the anvil of laborious,
forjrin^ toil.
" The author has written," h"'
tells us '' because he must: ne'-es-fcity
has heen upon hini ; toe tiri'
Wiliiin his heart has tound it-i own
vent."
The writer has tolirwed for
tuonths the progress of this work
with ea^er expectancy and as an
buMiliIer student in the same ylow
iu^ Science, can appreciite the
prcaii-e'-s oi tlie t^sk and share in
the pieasnre of its conipletion. 1
wi^h to ur>ie upon my lel!ow te.ich
ers and students to study this wi)-k
and catch tiie illumination it bear .
We all need to be taught that Ian
guaize is not a work of chance ami
a dismembered chios but u bviny
Wondrous whole. Grammar not a
aiere collection of rules for the
prevention of error, but a jrlowing
science, full of philosophy and in-terest.
And as all hijih culture amon«:
us is based upon tiie loundation
study of lanuua<;e, how injportant,
that, that be brijiht and glowirj^-,
yielding its native inspiration, thai
it may burn ou throU2,hout our
lives. How important loo that our
teachers of language should be
nieu who know the worth of the
material in their hands, who can
ruaster its great truths, anii find
joy instead of drudgery in impart-ing
them. So much fur the inter-est
acd iuiportauce of the study ; a
few words must suffice for the book
itself.
No one, who has not laid his
hand to the work, can appreciate
the amount of pitient labor, zeal-ous
study and careful critical judg-ment
necessary fo'^ such a task.—
Its materials lie scattered through
scores of volumes, niosily in a for-ei>
fii tongue. While certainty of
statement and opiuioti on some
minor points in such a work is per-iiaps
unattainable and therefore
oiu«=tbe open to oriticisni, it gives,
ine pleasure so far as my studies
Have lead me to affirm its substap<=
tial aceur.icy and con.«onance with
lite hiL'he.«t atnl latest authoritieSj,
ami its iu:ririsic value. It contains
information that ncj other sintrle
Work in any lanj:uage can furnish
us, while one article the •' Science
or E'ymology'' is supposed ui.t to
ii.ive us fellow
The Work embraces three divis-ions.
1st, An historical sketch of the
[ndo European ianguaires, intro-duced
by a brief syj.op-i-t of the
j;f i.eral classifioation oi a liuages,
and conilensin<r U[)oii e. C t of the
iire.it I nd I European toe.'u^'* a
ma s of valu.ibie informati n that
svol be So'i^lit for elseWncie IQ
vaio. It occupies over ha f of the
work and is of lireat value.
2ml, Tiie History of iModerE
Philology, wliicti gives an exceed-muiy
interesting and valuable
fjketch of the rise of tiie new
science of Comparative Philolo<iy
and of the authors and wo'ka which
w.ilk in its train. To those who
wish to know the men and books
wliich have built up this scfence,
their character and comparative
value it will be very ini»tructive
and useful.
3rd, The " Science of Etymol-ogy"
which gives a summary sketch
360 North- Carolina Joxirnal of Education. [Nov.,
of its progress, the principles which
have accompanied it and an able
analysis of the form and shape,
this science must, take to answer
its hijrh purpose. Two fine philol-ogical
mapH of Asia and Europe
close the work;.
Our lirBi^3 forbid our entering
farther into particulars thnti to add
that aside from the valunble facts
and careful criticisms whinh enrich
its pages, itisadnrnid with a glow
ing ei.thu>iasiii, kindling the heart
of the reader, like the trumpet tone
of soice tilling but glad souled
traveller up the hill nf science, who
sees its heights all h^fhel in the
light of its never dimminij su'i
calling to his fellow* around and
below him Ike th^* ere;ir Fa<s iw
Vorwarts I auiwaifs ! fonvardsl
upwards! C. W. Smyiiik
HiiLrABD's Skimks OF Bbade'S; con-sjtiiirg
ofstViiU Ueiu](.ir. :i(l.apte'l to
the variouf< ciii!<>cs of ;''in'arv anrl
hi^'hi r isclioolt* : publi:-i-( d by Mev.rs
Hickliiig, iSw.iii is. Brew r ofBiiston.
The publishers huve §M)t us a
set of these bm ks, h\A so tar as w •
have be(M) able to(>aoitie tliem
we are much pki'^ed wifii them —
It is our pu'po^e. ;.(, jinseiit, lo
Sfenk more pauii 'ilarly of the
^Fir.-t and Second Fiimarv Read-ers,"
and at the same time, to call
the attt ntion of those teachers, who
are not fully satisfied wirh sueh
Readers as thi y are now usint', to
the whole Series, that they njav or~
der copies for persona! exomiti: t oi-.
The only vvi.y in which we liavo
ever been al 1 • to give a text book
a satisfactory exandnatior-, is to
place it in the hands of a pupil of
the propor age to use it and thus
practically test its merits and defi-ciencies.
A Reader for children should be
entertaining to them, as well as
adnpted to their capacitv Believ-inir
these two little books to pos-sess
these qualities, we trave them
to our little ones, and have beeo
much pleased with the result. We
may call attention to the other
books of this Series, when we have
given them a careful examination.
Teachers, endeavor to makeread-ioiT
a pleasure to your pupils, rath-er
than a task. G^'t the best books.
Thb Universal Spkakkr ; containing
a cillecrion of Sneechs, Dia ogues,
aiuJ Recitations, adapteil to use of
Sciiools. Ac 'demies and social circles
Edited by N. A. C.lkins and W T.
Atiani-i, Bostolfc liiowii, Tagjrard
and Ijliase:
This b )ok is a collection of pieces
ill prose and poetry, Spaeches and
D alogues. a ringed for U33 in
tchojis, by practical teachers, with
a.fcw rules ui.d diifct oisfir ges-ures
&c. It contains manypiecea
well suited f jr public exhibitions,
the most of which have the merit
of being new.
In the h^nds ot the right sorE
of teacher, a fii'st rate series fur
an entertainment may be selected
from it.
Ihe publishers have done their
part in the very best style.
Emtkrtaining DiAi.oGUKS, designed
for tlie use of yoimj^ students in
scrlioo s and Academies. By
Charles Northend A .\I. Mew York:
A. 8. Barnes A Burr.
Those who have seen Northend's
'• Teacher and Parent " <' Little
Orator " &c, will be prepared to
welcome this new collection of en-tertaining
Dialogues, and they
need not fear disappoinment —
This is truly an entertaining book
and each dialogue, so far as we
have read them, contains a good
moral. Parents and teachers, give
children interesting books.
3859-3 Resident Editor's Department. mi
C O 'M. ^1 o ]sr 8 O H O O L s.
GS^Cii of thti Directors of BJ*c!-ary Ftind, 1
Raleigh, N. C, September llSlb, lb69. /
The ?r<!.'-i'Jex:t and Director? of the Literary Fund, having made distribution
•tif tne nf^t irKJunie of i-aid i-iind, for the jear 1S59, umnrg (he ptvcral Coiiutiea
of ihf ^;t4l6 f'^r l^oroiro'i S•hoolF, bfivo directed the following Tabular State-ment
to ba pubii.-b'.'J, rhovv.ug the Spring; and Full distribution to each CouLty,
aud the total disiribuiiou during the year.
The amount of the Fall Distribution wili be paid to the persons entitled to the
same, upon spplication to the Treasury Dcpariment.
J:;ck;<ou County will receive 30 per cent of the amonnt allotted to Macon
County, and the remain^ler of its sh.u-e f'''im that al'otted to Hny*.70od. Alle-
^haiiv, Miid.fon and Po k wii! receive iheir lefpeetive t'haies from the Counties
tron> whicb tb''V were formed, thtre Lavinj; bf-'eii do report of the populaf.oa
in'iii s;;!: Ccuatas. JS'IiN W. ELLIS,
President ex-cjficio of ,he Literary Fund.
CnAJti^ii Laves, Sec. to Eoard of Dirernjrs.
Counties.
jMi rr;ar.c<--,
/^ieifinder,
All^-giiany,
A'json,
A.-hc.
Btfi-uPort,
Berlie.
Blftden,
E'URpvjici:
BiiiU'Cff.bfc,
Burte,
r:abi!iTU«,
CdilWtlL
Ca:t-r(jt,
Ca^^v^ll,
C-itawb?i,
,
« bjitb-inj
ChfTckee,
<'how.".n,
Cieiive!;'nd,
Co'.uiabus,
Craven
CuiuberlKnd,
('urrituck,
Dividson,
Davie,
Duplin,
Edgecombe,
Forfyth,
Franklin,
Gates,
GranvillC)
Griiene,
Guilford,
Halifax,
Harnettj
Fed.Pop- SpnngDis Fall Du. To-alDis. Deductfor Deaf^ Dumb
10.1^6 $1,1^9 92 $1 -219 92 52.4S9 84 Bettie Ray, $75 00
5,003 CoJ ^6 COO 36 i,20c 72
iC 753
11,716
9;,73
S O'l-i
t 0^1
u.^ 9
8.^7•»
5 8.;6
G 174
li:,i5:
<;,7ij3
5,252
9\.^'7
5,3. -8
12 3-9
10.634
6. 2r>7
14. 1 '23
e3,9«8
11 in
10,018
1(1,627
9,610
7. '228
6,878
17,310
6,320
18,480
18,007
7,083
6^907
i.2fcO 7ii
].024 68
1.4f.g 92
l.'^b 7o
9 2 !::&
7:4 l-^
1.480 f6
i-.-Pt: 28
1 0-i- r8
'..'. g •
iii( £8
7 !•( V-;;
l,.^-9 32
9*-^ UK
1 0-j; 50
8"-i ;^r,
63 » 24
1 i'>3 a4
6o6 0()
1.479 48
l,27tj G6
7-!.) 84
l,ti94 76
K39 76
1.3-;3 -Ai
1,L'02 12
1,275 74
1, 141- 20
867 36
825 3G
2,036 36
638 52
2,217 60
1,560 8-i
850 70
^28 84
l,t;24, tiB
^..4fir 92
l.'.U: 7t>
0)j2 88
7)4 i2
1 4Ht^ -56
b&(> 1.8
1.-.4U ^-8
71-0 32
620 88
744 06
1 -J .59 .32
988 I '8
l.S.:r. 60
804 ii6
630 24
1,1 1)3 64
636 96
1.479 48
1,276 i'8
7oO 84
1.694 76
8?9 7<;
1.33^ 32
1,202 16
1,275 74
1,14120
867 36
826 36
2,036 36
638 40
2 21T 60
1,560 8-1
850 68
«?8 R4
2,;.Bl 44
2,049 3b
2,811 8«
2 393 £2
1 92-5 76
1.4:.8 24
2.961 12
1.66( 56
2,08' 76
1 400 64
1.241 76
1,4^9 92
2 918 64
1,976 16
3.853 20
1.H08 72
J,2C0 48
2.327 28
1,273 92
2,958 96
2,552 14
1 501 68
8,389 52
1,679 52
21,666 fi4
2,404 28
2.551 48
2.282 40
1,734 72
1,650 72
4,152 72
1,276 92
4,435 20
3,121 68
1,701 38
l,e57 68
Vt'. J. Covington, 76 OO
I'D J VVitson. )
( Eliza \\ation, J
225 00
Thomas Berry, 75
Sarah C.FooBhce, 75 00
225 00
f J Strickland, )
} H.Strickland U
( Jesse Holder, J
EUeo C. Jo)jn8on,75 00
Mary Burt, 76 00
COMMON SCHOOLS—Cuniwiitei.
Coumus. Fed.Pop. Sprinc/Dls. Fall Dis. Total Dis. Deductfc-rDmf^DumB
lliftideri^on,
H^n-tr'oi'd,
Hjo'e,
Iredeil,
Jack ECU,
Joliiiston,
Lenoir,
LincolD,
Madison,
!ST;icon,
Ms-i'tin,
McDowell,
Mecklenburg,
51on:gomery,
Moore,
Nash,
New-Hanover,
Northampton,
Onslow,
Orange,
Pasquotank,
Perquimans,
Person,
Pitt,
Polk,
Bandolph,
Kichraoad,
Kobeson,
Bockingham,
Pi."wan.
Ruthei-ford,
SampsoD,
Stanly,
Stokes,
Surry,
Tyrrell,
Union,
Wake,
Warren,
Washington,
Watauga,
Wayne,
Wilkes,
Wilson,
Yadkin,
Yaacey,
6.833 825 9a 825 96 1,65192
6.GJG 798 72 798 72 1,597 44
t>.585 790-20 790 20 1.580 40
13,062 1,567 -i-i 1,567 U 3,13-1 88
11,149 1,387 92
3,935 472 20
6,181 741 84
6,924 830 S8
6,1 C9
6.961
5,741
11,724
6,166
8.552
7,905
14,235
10,731
7.040
14,9>7
7,70S
6,030
8,825
10,745
15,176
7,936
11,080
12.^63
12 329
12,388
12,311
6.348
8 490
8 132
4.452
9,258
21,123
10,806
4,730
3,348
10.317
11,642
6.7j4
9,511
8,068
1,337 92 2,675 84
472 20 944 40
741 84 1,483 68 E. Gcrj
830 88 1,661 76
740 28
835 32
688 92
1,406 88
739 56
1.023 26
948 5S
1,708 32
L287 72
844 80
i,794 84
924 9d
723 60
1,059 00
1,289 40
' 1,821 12
952 32
1,329 60
1,483 5S
1 479 48
1,486 56
1,477 32
761 76
1,018 80
975 84
634 24
1.110 96
2.534 76
1,243 92
573 60
41 •! 76
1,238 09
1,397 04
8' 45
1,141 32
968 16
740
835
688
1,406
739
1,026
918
1.708
1,287
844
1,794
924
723
1,039
l,28y
1,'ISO
1,670
1,377
2,813
1,479
2,052
1,897
3,416
2,575
1,689
3,589
1,849
1,447
2,118
2,578
56
^•{Mtni'S-JTch'oils 1 150 go i
12 Wni. Shuffield, 75 00
52
16
64
44
60
68
20 Jaafes Lane, 75 GO
00
80
1,821 12
952 32
1,329 60
1,483 56
1,479 48
1,486 56
1,477 32
761 76
1,018 80
975 84
534 24
1 110 95
2,,f.34 76
1,343 92
573 60
401 76
1.238 09
1,397 04
810 45
1,141 32
963 16
642
904
659
967
950
973
954
523
037
951
,068
,221
,069
,487
,147
803
,476
,794
620
,282
,937
J. B. Watson, 75 00
24
64
20
12
96
12
64
52
60
68 LarkiaSn-w
48
92
f PaidS300..1ue\„^
\ $375f.jr5. r"^
00
75 00
(, J. A. Beuro'i j
Martha .1:1 •-13 5, 75 OJ
T. Harding, 75 00
Total, 752,542. 90,425 04. 90.425 04. 180,850 OS 1,80000