Governor's Crime Commission juvenile age study : a study of the impact of expanding the jurisdiction of the Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention : final report to the Governor of North Carolina and to the 2009 session of the General A - Page 32 |
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23
Recidivism Outcomes
Recidivism outcomes affect budgetary costs and costs to potential victims of crime. If crime is
averted (meaning recidivism is reduced), then costs associated with crime incidence are reduced.
The difference in recidivism outcomes in the juvenile and adult systems, therefore, has an effect
on the total cost of each system. In addition to including the initial cost of serving persons 16 and
17 years of age in the juvenile and adult systems, the overall cost in this analysis includes the
budgetary cost of serving persons from the initial cohort who recidivate, as well as the cost of
being victimized by the persons who recidivate.
The budgetary cost is affected by following:
The proportion of persons who re-offend (overall recidivism rate).
The outcome of their re-offense. Cost varies significantly if they are: arrested and their
case is closed/dismissed, adjudicated and receive a commitment disposition, adjudicated
and receive a community supervision disposition, or if they received a diversion.
The system through which persons who re-offend are processed (either the adult or
juvenile system).
Budgetary recidivism costs represent the net present value of expenditures required to serve
persons who re-offend within three-years of release. In the cost-benefit analysis, each incident of
recidivism is multiplied by a factor of 1.6 to account for multiple future offenses per recidivating
offender. The three-year period of release for community supervision begins at the date of
disposition. For secure placement the three-year period begins upon the offender’s release.
Recidivism costs are estimated based on the projected number of re-arrests and re-convictions
among the entry cohort. Re-arrests are multiplied by a time-discounted budgetary cost per arrest.
Time discounting corrects for declining value of money over time so that budgetary calculations
more appropriately reflect actual value. Revocations resulting in incarcerations are also
calculated. See Appendix C for more details about the recidivism calculation methodology.
Victim costs are also affected by re-offense. The type of offense committed by persons who
recidivate affects the victim costs, with more serious offenses costing victims more. To calculate
total victim costs, the number of expected re-convictions is multiplied by a time discounted
victim cost per conviction.
Additional Costs and Benefits
This report focuses on quantifiable costs and benefits accruing to state and local governments,
victims, and offenders, which are the primary costs and benefits that society experiences because
of crime incidence or reduction. Some costs and benefits that would result from a change to the
age of juvenile court jurisdiction cannot be quantified or are not related to a change in the rate of
crime (or arrests) and therefore have not been included in the analysis. To maintain its
objectivity, the cost-benefit analysis also excludes any perceived benefits and costs that could not
be substantiated by validated data. See Appendix D for a detailed description of the costs that
were considered and the rationale for their inclusion or exclusion in this analysis.
Object Description
Description
| Title | Governor's Crime Commission juvenile age study : a study of the impact of expanding the jurisdiction of the Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention : final report to the Governor of North Carolina and to the 2009 session of the General A - Page 32 |
| Full Text | 23 Recidivism Outcomes Recidivism outcomes affect budgetary costs and costs to potential victims of crime. If crime is averted (meaning recidivism is reduced), then costs associated with crime incidence are reduced. The difference in recidivism outcomes in the juvenile and adult systems, therefore, has an effect on the total cost of each system. In addition to including the initial cost of serving persons 16 and 17 years of age in the juvenile and adult systems, the overall cost in this analysis includes the budgetary cost of serving persons from the initial cohort who recidivate, as well as the cost of being victimized by the persons who recidivate. The budgetary cost is affected by following: The proportion of persons who re-offend (overall recidivism rate). The outcome of their re-offense. Cost varies significantly if they are: arrested and their case is closed/dismissed, adjudicated and receive a commitment disposition, adjudicated and receive a community supervision disposition, or if they received a diversion. The system through which persons who re-offend are processed (either the adult or juvenile system). Budgetary recidivism costs represent the net present value of expenditures required to serve persons who re-offend within three-years of release. In the cost-benefit analysis, each incident of recidivism is multiplied by a factor of 1.6 to account for multiple future offenses per recidivating offender. The three-year period of release for community supervision begins at the date of disposition. For secure placement the three-year period begins upon the offender’s release. Recidivism costs are estimated based on the projected number of re-arrests and re-convictions among the entry cohort. Re-arrests are multiplied by a time-discounted budgetary cost per arrest. Time discounting corrects for declining value of money over time so that budgetary calculations more appropriately reflect actual value. Revocations resulting in incarcerations are also calculated. See Appendix C for more details about the recidivism calculation methodology. Victim costs are also affected by re-offense. The type of offense committed by persons who recidivate affects the victim costs, with more serious offenses costing victims more. To calculate total victim costs, the number of expected re-convictions is multiplied by a time discounted victim cost per conviction. Additional Costs and Benefits This report focuses on quantifiable costs and benefits accruing to state and local governments, victims, and offenders, which are the primary costs and benefits that society experiences because of crime incidence or reduction. Some costs and benefits that would result from a change to the age of juvenile court jurisdiction cannot be quantified or are not related to a change in the rate of crime (or arrests) and therefore have not been included in the analysis. To maintain its objectivity, the cost-benefit analysis also excludes any perceived benefits and costs that could not be substantiated by validated data. See Appendix D for a detailed description of the costs that were considered and the rationale for their inclusion or exclusion in this analysis. |
