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NORTH CAROLINA
DAV
October 12
Before the coming of the white man, the territory that is now
North Carolina was inhabited by the Tuscaroras, the Catawbas,
the Cherokees, and other Indian tribes. Beginning with Italian
explorer, Verrazano, in 1524, various French, Spanish, and
English explorers also touched this area. De Soto and his men
marched through the mountain region in 1540. The first English
colonies in the New World were founded on Roanoke Island,
1585-87, but these failed. The first permanent settlers entered
the Albemarle from Virginia about the middle of the seventeenth
century. In 1663 King Charles II of England granted Carolina
to eight proprietors. The settled area was gradually expanded,
but the progress of the colony was hindered by a dangerous
coast and by poor government.
Early in the eighteenth century North Carolina was separated
from South Carolina, and became a royal colony in 1729. Pro-gress
now was rapid. English settlers pushed inland from the
coast, Scottish highlanders settled the upper Cape Fear Valley,
and large numbers of Scotch-Irish and Germans entered the
Piedmont. When the first United States census was taken in
1790, North Carolina ranked third in population among the
states of the Union.
North Carolina and the other colonies overthrew Royal control
of Great Britain in 1775, An independent State government
under a constitution was set up the next year. The decisive Whig
victory at Moore's Creek Bridge in February, 1776, led to the
famous Halifax Resolves, April 12, 1776, by which North Caro-lina
became the first colony to instruct its delegates in the
Continental Congress to vote for independence. Cornwallis in-vaded
the State in 1780, but at the battle of Guilford Courthouse,
March, 1781, his army was so weakened that his subsequent
surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, was a natural sequence.
[16]
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