Biennial report of the North Carolina Office of Archives and History.

              BIENNIAL REPORT

OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY

July 1, 2002- June 30, 2004

TOP LEFT: Many special activities and events were held to commemorate the centennial of the North

Carolina Historical Commission in March 2003, including the publication of a new history of the Office

of Archives and History. All images by the Office of Archives and History unless otherwise indicated.

TOP RIGHT: A number of agencies in the Office of Archives and History presented special programs,

exhibits, and publications to acknowledge the centennial of manned flight in December 2003. This

full- size replica of the Wright brothers’ airplane hung above the lobby of the North Carolina Museum of

History. BOTTOM LEFT: An ongoing legal controversy concerning the ownership of the state’s original

copy of the Bill of Rights dominated the latter half of the biennium. In January 2004, a federal district

judge ruled that the document, removed from the State Capitol by a Union soldier in 1865, belonged to

North Carolina as a public record. Photo courtesy of the U. S. Attorney General’s Office and Karen Blum,

N. C. Department of Justice. CENTER RIGHT: Gov. Michael F. Easley proclaimed a two- year “ Celebration

of North Carolina Craft” for 2004- 2005 to commemorate Tar Heel craft traditions, artisans, and

products. Among several exhibits designed by the Museum of History in keeping with this theme was the

Crafted from Silver: Objects in the Museum’s Collection, which was on display from March to May 2004.

This elegant tea service, ca. 1840- 1850, was created by Thomas William Brown of Wilmington. BOTTOM

RIGHT: Among the highlights of the biennium for the Division of State Historic Sites and Properties was

the reopening of the Old Kentucky Home at the Thomas Wolfe Memorial in Asheville in May 2004. The

famous boardinghouse, severely damaged by an arsonist in 1998, was painstakingly restored to its 1916

appearance, the year Thomas Wolfe left home to matriculate at the University of North Carolina.

FIFTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY

July 1, 2002

through

June 30, 2004

Raleigh

Office of Archives and History

North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources

2005

© 2005 by the North Carolina Office of Archives and History

All rights reserved

NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES

LISBETH C. EVANS

Secretary

OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY

JEFFREY J. CROW

Deputy Secretary

DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES

DAVID L. S. BROOK

Director

DIVISION OF STATE HISTORIC SITES

KAY P. WILLIAMS

Director

DIVISION OF STATE HISTORY MUSEUMS

ELIZABETH F. BUFORD

Director

NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL COMMISSION

JERRY C. CASHION ( 2007)

Chairman

ALAN D. WATSON ( 2009)

Vice Chairman

EMERITI: N. J. Crawford, H. G. Jones, William S. Powell, Max R. Williams

Millie M. Barbee ( 2009) Mary Hayes Holmes ( 2005) Gail W. O’Brien ( 2005)

Kemp P. Burpeau ( 2009) B. Perry Morrison Jr. ( 2005) Freddie L. Parker ( 2007)

PaulD. Escott ( 2007) Janet N. Norton ( 2005) Margaret Supplee Smith ( 2007)

CONTENTS

Deputy Secretary’s Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Division ofHistorical Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Federation ofN. C. Historical Societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Research Branch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

WesternOffice ofArchives andHistory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Archives and Records Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Historical Publications Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Office of StateArchaeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

StateHistoric PreservationOffice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Division of StateHistoric Sites and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

MuseumandVisitor Services/ State Capitol Section . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

North Carolina TransportationMuseum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

NortheasternHistoric Sites Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

PiedmontHistoric Sites Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Roanoke Island Festival Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

SoutheasternHistoric Sites Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Tryon PalaceHistoric Sites& Gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

WesternHistoric Sites Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Division of StateHistoryMuseums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

North CarolinaMuseumofHistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Mountain Gateway Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Museumof theAlbemarle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Museumof the Cape FearHistorical Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

North Carolina Maritime Museum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Appendixes

ADMINISTRATION

1. TheNorth CarolinaHistorical Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

2. Appropriations and Expenditures, July 1, 2002- June 30, 2004 . . . 95

3. Appropriations and Expenditures, 1954- 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

4. Roster of Employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

5. Publications of StaffMembers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

6. Complete List of Publications Issued by the

Office ofArchives andHistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES

7. NewHighwayHistoricalMarkersApproved. . . . . . . . . . . . 134

8. Accessions by theArchives and Records Section . . . . . . . . . 136

9. UnderwaterArchaeology Permits Issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

10. Historic Preservation FundGrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

11. Certified Local Governments in North Carolina

as of June 30, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

12. Local Historic Preservation Commissions in North Carolina

as of June 30, 2004 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 213

13. Historic Preservation Tax Credit Projects Reviewed. . . . . . . . 216

14. North Carolina Properties Listed on theNational Register . . . . 258

15. Survey and Planning Branch Activity by County . . . . . . . . . 263

DIVISION OF STATE HISTORIC SITES AND PROPERTIES

16. Accessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

17. Attendance at StateHistoric Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

18. Special Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

19. Contributions of Time and Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

20. USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial Revenue . . . . . . . . 278

21. Planning and Construction Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

22. Unpublished Archaeological, Historical, and Technical Reports . 279

23. Roanoke Island Commission Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

24. Tryon Palace CommissionMembers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

25. USS North Carolina Battleship Commission Members . . . . . . 282

DIVISION OF STATE HISTORY MUSEUMS

26. Accessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

27. Public Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

28. Exhibits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

29. Public Presentations, Consultations, and Technical Assistance . . 297

Biennial Report

Office of Archives and History

July 1, 2002- June 30, 2004

Administrative Organization

Office of Archives and History

North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources

June 30, 2004

* Oversight by commissions

** Affiliate organization

Deputy Secretary

Archives and History

Jeffrey J. Crow

Director

David L. S. Brook

Director

Kay P. Williams

Director

Elizabeth F. Buford

Division of

Historical Resources

Administration

Federation of N. C.

Historical Societies**

Research Branch

Western Office

Archives and Records Section

Historical Publications Section

Office of State Archaeology

State Historic Preservation

Office

Eastern Office

Division of

State History Museums

N. C. Museum of History

( Raleigh)

Mountain Gateway Museum

( Old Fort)

Museum of the Albemarle

( Elizabeth City)

Museum of the Cape Fear

Historical Complex

( Fayetteville)

N. C. MaritimeMuseum

( Beaufort)

Roanoke Island Branch

Southport Branch

Division of State Historic

Sites and Properties

Museum and Visitor Services/

State Capitol Section

North Carolina Transportation

Museum

Northeastern Historic Sites

Section

Piedmont Historic Sites

Section

Roanoke Island Festival Park*

Southeastern Historic Sites

Section

Tryon Palace Historic Sites &

Gardens*

USS North Carolina Battleship

Memorial*

Western Historic Sites Section

BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE

OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY

July 1, 2002- June 30, 2004

Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary

During the 2002- 2004 biennium, the Office of Archives and History celebrated an

important milestone— its one hundredth anniversary. The retrospective proved timely.

Despite continuing budget cuts in Archives and History since 1991, North Carolinians

could look with pride upon the accomplishments of their state historical agency over the

period of a century. The theme of the commemoration—“ History for All the People”—

originated with Dr. Christopher Crittenden, director of the Department of Archives and

History from 1935 to 1968. Writing in 1941, Crittenden declared: “ Our histories should

be something of broad, general interest— notmerely for the professional historians, not

merely for the genealogists, not just for any other limited group, but instead for the

people at large.” The theme became part of a logo designed by Michael Southern and

the title of a book on the history of the agency by Ansley Wegner.

Several years in the making, the centennial observance featured public programs

with wide appeal. The North Carolina State Archives and the North CarolinaMuseum

of History collaborated on an exhibit titled Presidential Ink: Signatures and

Memorabilia. The commemoration culminated on the weekend of March 7- 8, 2003,

with special events for the public and a subscription dinner at which the distinguished

historianWilliam E. Leuchtenburg gave the keynote address. He chose as his topic the

role ofRobert D. W. Connor in the creation of presidential libraries. President FranklinD.

Roosevelt named Connor first archivist of the United States, 1934- 1941. Connor, of

course, was the first secretary of the North Carolina Historical Commission, 1903-

1921. Roosevelt’s home inHyde Park, NewYork, became the first presidential library.

As memorable as the centennial celebration was, it occurred under a fiscal cloud.

The Office of Archives and History continued to suffer from devastating budget cuts

that afflicted all of state government. Approximately thirty- nine vacant positions were

eliminated during the biennium, and deep reductions in operating funds crippled the

delivery of services. For example, the loss of virtually all temporary salaries in state

historic sites made it difficult for individual sites to remain open on weekends or to

maintain uniform hours across the state. Still, it could have been worse. Other states,

including South Carolina and Virginia, absorbed even greater reductions in their

historical programs. At the end of the reporting period, the budgetary gloom seemed to

be lifting. The General Assembly appeared ready to fund critical expansion needs in

museums, archives and records, and historic sites.

Enlightened leaders in the state recognize the importance of history, arts, and

libraries to the cultural, educational, and economic life of North Carolina. Without the

support of Gov. Michael F. Easley, the General Assembly, and Secretary of the

Department of Cultural Resources Lisbeth C. Evans, the budget cuts could have been

even deeper. During the direst days of the budgetary crisis, the governor’s Economic

DevelopmentBoard strongly endorsed cultural tourism. The deputy secretary served on

the committee that helped draft the board’s report identifying cultural tourism as a key

strategy for improving the state’s economy. The report also recommended the

extension of tax credits for rehabilitation of historic properties. The General Assembly

accepted those recommendations and also permitted the State Historic Preservation

Office to begin charging fees for processing applications for historic preservation tax

credits. Budget cuts in combination with sharply increased demands for tax credits

created a tremendous backlog inNational Register nominations, the first requirement to

qualify for tax credits. Once implemented, the fees will create new positions that will

increase efficiency and the timely delivery of services.

Perhaps the signal event of the biennium was the attempt to recover North

Carolina’s copy of the Bill of Rights. In 1789 three federal clerks prepared fourteen

original copies of twelve proposed amendments to the U. S. Constitution. The first ten

amendments, ratified in 1791, became known as the Bill of Rights. The governor of

each of the thirteen original states received a copy. In North Carolina, the secretary of

state, whose office was in the State Capitol, was responsible for keeping the state’s

valuable documents. In April 1865, General William T. Sherman’s Union forces

occupied Raleigh. With the State Capitol in disarray, a Federal soldier and his comrades

removed numerous official documents, including North Carolina’s copy of the Bill of

Rights, as souvenirs of war. The soldier returned to Tippecanoe, Ohio, where in 1866

he sold the purloined document for $ 5.00 to Charles A. Shotwell of Troy, Ohio.

The document disappeared from view for thirty years. In 1897 it came to the

attention ofDr. Cyrus Thompson, North Carolina’s secretary of state, that Shotwell had

hung the document on the wall of his office in Indianapolis, Indiana. Working through

the Indiana secretary of state, Thompson tried to persuade Shotwell to return the public

record to North Carolina. Shotwell refused.

The document surfaced again in 1925 when Charles I. Reid of Harrisburg,

Pennsylvania, representing Shotwell, tried to “ sell” the document back to the state of

North Carolina. Robert B. House, secretary of the North Carolina Historical

Commission, rebuffed the attempt. House argued emphatically that “ title to it has never

passed from . . . North Carolina to any individual.” With steely indignation, House

asserted: “ So long as it remains away from the official custody of North Carolina, it will

serve as a memorial of individual theft.”

Another seventy years passed. In 1995 a lawyer in Washington, D. C., approached

officials of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources about buying back

North Carolina’s copy of the Bill of Rights. Again, North Carolina declined.

The mysterious holders of the document persisted. In 2002 they began negotiations

with the National Constitution Center, scheduled to open July 4, 2003, to sell the center

an original copy of the Bill of Rights. When Gov. Ed Rendell of Pennsylvania, a

member of the center’s board, learned of the pending sale, he proposed to Governor

Easley that each state share the cost of the purchase. Instead, North Carolina refused to

participate in the sale. Governor Easley asked North Carolina Attorney General Roy

Cooper to work with the U. S. Attorney in Raleigh to obtain the stolen document. The

Federal Bureau of Investigation set up a “ sting” operation in Philadelphia where agents

seized the document on March 18, 2003.

More than a year of intense legal maneuvering followed. Wayne Pratt, Inc., one of

the purported owners of the Bill of Rights, gave up its claim to avoid criminal charges.

However, Pratt’s partner, Robert V. Matthews, continued to contest his alleged

2

Deputy Secretary’s Report

co- ownership of the document and to demand a $ 15 million tax write- off for his half of

the “ gift.” On January 23, 2004, Chief Judge Terrence W. Boyle of the U. S. District

Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina ruled that the disputed document

belonged to the state of North Carolina as a public record. Out of an abundance of

caution, however, he ordered federal authorities to retain custody of the document until

the casewas finally adjudicated. At the end of the reporting period, Matthews’s lawyers

and lawyers from the U. S. Attorney’s Office and theNorth CarolinaAttorneyGeneral’s

Office had filed briefs with the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in

Richmond, Virginia. Court officials indicated that oral arguments would be scheduled

for the fall.

During the lengthy legal process the deputy secretary worked closely with lawyers

in the U. S. Attorney’s Office and in the North Carolina Attorney General’s Office.

George Stevenson Jr. of the State Archives played a crucial role in authenticating the

document as North Carolina’s copy of the Bill of Rights. ( Editors of the Papers of the

First Federal Congress at George Washington University in Washington, D. C., had

previously and separately reached the same conclusion.) The Office of Archives and

History looks forward to the day when it can receive the Bill of Rights and celebrate its

return with the citizens of North Carolina.

Two other events during the biennium deserve special notice. In April 2003 the

Historic Edenton State Historic Site helped sponsor a major symposium on Harriet

Jacobs, the African American abolitionist who wrote Incidents in the Life of a Slave

Girl ( 1861). Jacobs escaped slavery by fleeing Edenton in 1842. That story has not

always been embraced in Edenton. The symposium, however, was a tremendous

success and drew more than three hundred people.

The second major event was the reopening of the ThomasWolfeMemorial inMay

2004. The fire that ravaged theOld Kentucky Home boardinghouse in 1998 led to years

of painstaking restoration. It was worth the wait. Unlike the “ big cheaply constructed

frame house . . . painted a dirty yellow” in Look Homeward, Angel, Thomas Wolfe

probablywould not recognize the shiny, gleaming restoration. Yet the NationalHistoric

Landmark deserved the careful, meticulous treatment it received.

Despite the challenging budgetary situation, the Office of Archives and History

accomplished the essential parts of its mission during the biennium. Hundreds of

thousands of tourists and schoolchildren visited state historic sites and museums.

Researchers could electronically access thousands of documents in the State Archives.

Private homeowners, developers, and businessmen received expert advice in

preserving and restoring historic properties. Conservation of thousands of artifacts

from the shipwreck believed to be Queen Anne’s Revenge proceeded at the new lab at

East Carolina University in Greenville. Book buyers purchased historical publications

from an online bookstore. The following reports demonstrate the passion, commitment,

and fidelity of the staff.

3

Deputy Secretary’s Report

TOP LEFT: Michael T. Southern ( left), supervisor of the

Survey and Planning Branch of the State Historical

Preservation Office ( HPO), and Catherine W. Bishir ( right),

who retired from the HPOin 2001, coauthoredAGuide to the

Historic Architecture of Piedmont North Carolina, completing

their acclaimed trilogy on the architectural history of the

state. TOP RIGHT: An Office of State Archaeology laboratory

dedicated to the conservation of artifacts recovered from the

shipwreck in Beaufort harbor purported to be the Queen

Anne’s Revenge opened at the former site of a Voice of

America station near Greenville in January 2004. CENTER

LEFT: Each spring, the Office of Archives and History

coordinates National History Day in North Carolina.

Volunteers from all three divisions of the office serve as

judges of student exhibits and papers. LeRae Umfleet of the

Research Branch ( center with paper) inspects an exhibit

during the 2004 program. CENTER RIGHT: Notable among

the eight new titles published by the Historical Publications Section during the biennium were Volume

15 of the North Carolina Troops series , Volume 3 of the papers of James Iredell, the centennial history of

the Office of Archives and History, and new histories of the state fair ( center, above) and the North

Carolina Department of Transportation. RIGHT: The State Archives actively pursued a number of

alienated records during the biennium, including this 1861 letter from Pres. Jefferson Davis to

Gov. John W. Ellis, which was recovered from an Alamance County auction house in May 2004.

DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES

David L. S. Brook, Director

In the 2002- 2004 biennium, division staff maintained a high level of service with

creativity and perseverance despite continuing position and budget reductions. Major

initiatives centered on technological upgrades, grantsmanship, commemorations, and

interagency cooperation to achieve common goals. In addition, the division through its

wide range of programs maintained fundamental services that include scholarly

research, public education, conservation of the state’s primary documents and

archaeological artifacts, preservation of historic structures, and constituent services that

ranged from answering genealogical inquiries to providing technical assistance for

multimillion- dollar building rehabilitation projects.

In May 2004, Secretary Lisbeth C. Evans appointed Division of Historical

Resources director David J. Olson as deputy secretary for arts and libraries. David

Brook replaced Olson on an acting basis in November 2003 and on a permanent basis in

February 2004, retaining the duties of deputy state historic preservation officer for the

period. Brook also continued to serve as the environmental sustainability officer for the

Department of Cultural Resources.

David Olson had served as director of the division since its inception in 2001,

having previously served as deputy director of Archives and History from 1999 to

2001, and as state archivist since 1981. His leadership in the 2002- 2004 biennium

helped to establish a solid working arrangement between the department and East

Carolina University for the Queen Anne’s Revenge project. He also oversaw

negotiations resulting in the November 2003 transfer to the department of the historic

Robert Lee Humber House in Greenville. The County of Pitt, the City of Greenville,

and the Humber family donated their ownership interests in that property to the

state— thus assuring the agency of a permanent base of operations in eastern North

Carolina. Finally, Olson capably led staff planning efforts for the 2003 centennial

celebration of the Office of Archives and History.

FEDERATION OF NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL SOCIETIES

The assistant to the director of the Division of Historical Resources works with the

Federation ofNorth CarolinaHistorical Societies and coordinatesNationalHistoryDay

in North Carolina. The Federation of North Carolina Historical Societies co- sponsored

with the North Carolina Literary and Historical Association an annual meeting each

year of the biennium. The Albert Ray Newsome Awards for outstanding achievement

in the preservation of local history were presented at thosemeetings. In 2002 the award

went to the Chatham County Historical Association. In 2003 the recipients were the

Sankofa Center inWake Forest and the Gates County Historical Society; an honorable

mention was awarded to the Warren County Historical Association.

With grants from N. C. ECHO, the federation was able to offer several workshops

during the reporting period. In the spring of 2003, workshops on developing policies

were offered in Rocky Mount and Hickory. Staff members of the Office of Archives

and History served as presenters. In 2004 the training sessions addressed grant writing

and fund raising. These meetings were held in Fremont, Pittsboro, and Lenoir.

6

Presenters were the assistant to the director and Camille Patterson of Patterson

Consulting. The Federation Bulletin continued to be published quarterly, and the

federation’s web presence was improved. No requests for loans were received during

the biennium.

As state coordinator of National History Day, the assistant conducted workshops

for teachers at the Social Studies and Middle School conferences in both years of the

biennium. She also made numerous school visits to talk with teachers and students

about the program. The number of schools participating continues to grow. The Cape

Fear Museum in Wilmington became the coordinator for the newly organized

southeastern district. Other districts were sponsored by East Carolina University, Elon

University, the North Carolina Transportation Museum, the University of North

Carolina at Charlotte, and the Western Office of Archives and History. The state

contestswere held in RaleighwithmanyArchives andHistory staffmembers serving as

judges. A number of state historic sites, civic organizations, businesses, and individuals

sponsored special prizes for the contests. In 2003, the History Day program received a

$ 4,200 grant from the North Carolina Bar Association Foundation to sponsor

scholarships for students attending the national competition in College Park, Maryland.

At the national competition, the state received a second- place award in 2003 and a

third- place award in 2004. Several other North Carolina students received special

recognition as well. The coordinator served on the Executive Committee of State

Coordinators at the national level.

A number of North Carolina projects and people received awards from the

American Association for State and Local History. Award nominations for the state are

coordinated by this office.

RESEARCH BRANCH

Research Support Activities

The four- member Research Branch supported the Department of Cultural Resources

( DCR), the Office of Archives and History and its various sections, other state

government agencies, the media, and the public with the preparation of in- depth

documentary reports, brief historical sketches, websites, memoranda, and manuscript

reviews.

For the DCR Secretary’s Office and Public Affairs Office, staff members drafted

speeches on the town of Bath and on the Rockefeller family’s gifts to the state,

consulted on appointments to boards and commissions, edited biographical sketches,

contributed details about state history for publications, and regularly advised news

media outlets. At the request of the Secretary’s Office, the supervisor served on a

committee engaged in the Organizational Development intra- agency initiative, andmet

quarterly with the Agricultural Advancement Consortium, serving that group by

preparing time- lines and assembling photographs for publications. Toward the end of

the biennium, planning went toward a proposed collaboration with the North Carolina

School of the Arts and UNC- TV on a six- hour public television film about North

Carolina history.

For the Deputy Secretary’s Office, staff members gathered information related to

the agency centennial, leading to the publication of History for All the People in

February 2003 and the mounting of a companion website, and participated in the

Division of Historical Resources

7

planning of the March 2003 commemoration. The supervisor and research historian

LeRae Umfleet took lead roles in acting as staff members for the 1898 Wilmington

Race Riot Commission, attending eleven meetings and facilitating three public

hearings. The commission’s work, now extended through the end of 2005, will

culminate with a detailed research report.

For the North Carolina Historical Commission the branch prepared, in league with

the Division of State Historic Sites and Properties, a report on the site of Cathey’s Fort

in McDowell County and its potential for development as a state historic site. In a

related venture, responding to a legislative request, the staff researched and prepared a

draft of a brochure dedicated to the Rutherford Expedition of 1776. Staff members

participated in the Civil War Trails effort and prepared essays for related brochures.

The supervisor assumed responsibility for Administrative Code changes on behalf of

the office, represented the agency at Freedom Monument Project meetings, reviewed

plans for a veterans’ memorial in Harnett County, and prepared a speech on trends in

historic preservation.

For the State Historic Preservation Office, work included review of manuscripts

accompanying inventories of properties in Currituck, Dare, Greene, Harnett, Richmond,

andWatauga Counties; Chapel Hill, High Point, and Thomasville; and the Church of the

Good Shepherd in Raleigh. The supervisor facilitated changes to theAdministrativeCode

regarding tax credit fees. For the North Carolina Museum of History, work included

review of exhibit copy on the presidential signatures and civil rights displays. Specific

services were rendered to the Museum of the Albemarle and the Mountain Gateway

Museum regarding, respectively, Quakers and trail development. For the Division of

State Historic Sites and Properties, staffmembers prepared topical sketches for the North

Carolina TransportationMuseum, engaged in a study of the future of FortDobbs, advised

on wayside exhibits at Bentonville Battlefield, researched the trees and entranceway at

Tryon Palace, and reviewed a manuscript onWilliam R. Davie.

For the Office of State Archaeology, research was undertaken on the Council

Chamber at Edenton, the grave of Alexander Martin near Madison, the grave of

Alexander Lillington near Rocky Point, the site of Fort York along the Yadkin River,

and the circumstances surrounding a recent Fayetteville murder case. Branch members

worked with their counterparts in the State Archives to assist research on the Bill of

Rights, facilitate display of the Carolina Charter, answermedia requests concerning the

facts behind the film Cold Mountain, and respond to requests from the editors of the

Harriet Jacobs papers.

In addition to answering public inquiries, staff also responded to requests from the

Governor’s Office, the John Kerry presidential campaign, the General Assembly, the

Attorney General’s Office, the North Carolina Arts Council, Preservation North

Carolina, Museum of Women’s History, Mariner’s Museum, North Carolina Bar

Association, the Fallen Firefighter’s Foundation, National Park Service, and a

researcher working on the CSS Hunley. Two manuscripts on North Carolina topics for

juvenile audiences were reviewed. Assistance was rendered to a California author

seeking information on Tar Heel native Louden Nelson.

Branch staff worked with the University of North Carolina Press to create twenty-eightmaps

for the revised edition of TheWay We Lived in North Carolina. The book and

companion website, www. waywelivednc. com, received a Certificate of Commendation

Division of Historical Resources

8

from the American Association for State and Local History. Research historian Mark

Moore completed a number of maps for the Historical Publications Section. His work

was featured in Paving Tobacco Road and in several issues of the North Carolina

Historical Review. The supervisor delivered to the Historical Publications Section the

manuscript for a volume of biographical sketches of North Carolina governors. A staff

historian completed a history of Bird Island ( Brunswick County) for the Division of

Coastal Management. Intern Erica Hink, a rising senior at East Carolina University,

assisted with research on the Wilmington Race Riot.

Research historian Ansley Wegner completed final revisions on a monograph on

Confederate veterans and artificial limbs to be entitled Phantom Pain. Publicity in

advance of the book, tied to the display inMarch 2004 of a rare example of a surviving

original prosthesis at Bentonville Battlefield, included an article in the Winston- Salem

Journal, mentions in the Washington Post and National Geographic, and a widely

distributed television feature prepared by FoxNetwork affiliateWGHP inHigh Point.

Staff members administered the annual awards competitions for the North Carolina

Literary and Historical Association, mailing announcements each year to 1,700 schools

and 225 publishers. In the spring of 2004, fifty- one books and thirty- four literary

magazines were submitted, with similar numbers in the previous year. Staff members

also assisted with National History Day and the North Carolina History Bowl.

North Carolina Highway Historical Marker Program

An ambitious effort to compile Global Positioning System ( GPS) data for the state

highway historical markers across North Carolina was initiated jointly by the

Departments of Transportation ( NCDOT) and Cultural Resources. The secretaries of

the respective departments, Lyndo Tippett and Lisbeth Evans, endorsed the project,

which entailed the work of two interns in the summer of 2004 with completion

anticipated in the summer of 2005. DCR purchased the mapping grade GPS unit, a

laptop computer, and a digital camera for use with the project, while NCDOT funded

the salaries and travel expenses of the interns. GPS technology permits the precise

mapping of specific sites based on radio navigation and aworldwide system of satellites

and ground stations. Once the GPS coordinates have been gathered, the data will be

shared widely on a revamped website. A secondary objective of the project is to

document the physical condition andmaintenance needs of each sign. Employed for the

summermonths of 2004 were PatrickWade of Boone, a recent engineering graduate of

North Carolina State University, and Charles Givens of Raleigh, a rising freshman at

Appalachian State University. Staff members also engaged in research on existing

markers, preparing sketches on four hundred to be posted on the revamped web pages.

The ninth edition of the Guide to North Carolina Highway Historical Markers,

published in November 2001, remained in print. Even after the website changes are

implemented, plans call for continued regular updates of the publication, a mainstay of

the Historical Publications Section since 1939.

TheNorth CarolinaHighwayHistorical Marker Advisory Committee has oversight

responsibility for the program, its charge being to weigh the authenticity, comparative

merit, and appropriateness of each proposed sign, and to compose the inscriptions.

Professors Lenwood G. Davis of Winston- Salem State University, Mary Jo Festle of

Elon University, Melton A. McLaurin of the University of North Carolina at

Division of Historical Resources

Wilmington, Daniel S. Pierce of the University of North Carolina at Asheville,

Rorin M. Platt of Campbell University, and Richard D. Starnes of Western Carolina

University accepted appointments to five- year terms on the committee. Over the

biennium the group held four meetings. At those sessions members approved twenty-five

new markers ( see Appendix 7), bringing the total authorized since 1935 to 1,473.

In addition, thirty- four older markers were replaced, fifteen signs were returned to the

foundry for repairs to mounting caps, and ninety- six spare posts were ordered. Federal

emergency funds available after Hurricane Isabel were dedicated to the purchase of

thirty posts and three cap repairs. Forty- eight maintenance requests were forwarded to

NCDOT, the program cosponsor.

Over the two- year reporting period, dedication and unveiling programswere held in

Concord, Durham, Elkin, Henderson, Highlands, Hillsborough, Seaboard, Seagrove,

Snow Hill, and Washington. Staff continued to advise local organizations and

individuals on the purchase and placement of locally funded markers and plaques.

Web Development

Research historian/ computer consultantMarkMoore acted as webmaster for the Office

of Archives and History and oversaw web content for the entire agency. Over the

course of the biennium, he mounted detailed sites dedicated to The Way We Lived in

North Carolina, the centennial of Archives andHistory, and the 1898Wilmington Race

Riot Commission. His work on the Bentonville, Fort Fisher, and CSS Neuse websites

received national recognition from Civil War Traveler. He facilitated the adoption of

shorter domain names for individual state historic sites. In anticipation of a revamped,

dynamic, and interactive site dedicated to the Highway Historical Marker Program, he

familiarized himself with a flexible markup language, XML.

WESTERN OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY

The Western Office continued to coordinate the Western Regional National History

Day competitions, held at Cane Creek Middle School both years of the biennium.

Office staff assisted with recruitment, registration, awards, judging, and logistics. The

program is designed to promote interest in history among students and to encourage

skill development in historical research and presentation. Participation increased both

years during the period. During the first year of the biennium, theWestern Region had

135 projects involving 251 students, andwere the second year in 158 projects involving

268 students.

Plans for the Oteen Center project were re- evaluated as new sources of funding

were investigated. Originally the project was to be funded from repair and renovation

funds allocated during the 1999 General Assembly session. These funds were later

redirected to aid flood victims in eastern North Carolina, and no additional money was

provided for the project during subsequent legislative sessions. Currently the Western

Office is investigating a partnership with the Folk Art Center, and numerous planning

sessions have been held between the center and Department of Cultural Resources

( DCR) officials.

The Western Office continued to partner with Friends of Mountain History

( FOMH) during the two- year period, and the regional supervisor served as theWestern

Office liaison on the board of directors. The organization, originally started by the

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Western Office, partners with AdvantageWest, Blue Ridge National Heritage Area,

and the Western North Carolina Heritage Tourism Development Officers. These four

entities work in consort with FOMH to provide advocacy, educational support, and

financial assistance to heritage organizations, museums, historic sites, and cultural

organizations with a heritage- related theme. The team agencies assist with

administrative, personnel, and financial support, allowing board members to

concentrate on providing technical support and administering FOMH’s matching

grants program.

During the biennium, FOMH awarded over $ 50,000 in grants to seventeen

non- profit organizations in western North Carolina with heritage- related themes. Grant

recipients included Polk County Historical Association, Black Mountain College

Museum, Smith- McDowell House Museum, Highlands Historical Association,

Swannanoa Valley Museum, Asheville Arts Council ( Urban Trail), Wheels through

Time, Old Wilkes, Scottish Tartans Museum, Southern Highlands Craft Guild, Black

Mountain Center for the Arts, Pack Square Conservancy, and Stecoah Valley Arts

Center. Several of these organizations received grants during both years of the

biennium.

The regional supervisor assisted FOMH with the development of its firstMountain

Heritage Resource Program designed to bring professional staff development

assistance to historic sites, museums, and preservation and cultural organizations in

western North Carolina. The first program in this ongoing series was a half- day

workshop designed to inform local heritage institutions about the Institute of Museum

and Library Services and theirMuseum Assessment Program ( MAP) and Conservation

Assessment Program. Jeff Buchheit, program director for MAP, presented the

workshops in three different western North Carolina locations. More than 135 staff and

board members from local organizations attended the workshops.

The regional supervisor served as the western section chief for the North Carolina

Division of State Historic Sites and Properties and administered Thomas Wolfe

Memorial, Vance Birthplace, Fort Dobbs, Reed Gold Mine, Horne Creek Living

Historical Farm, and James K. Polk Memorial. A significant project during the

biennium was the reopening of the Thomas Wolfe Memorial, a National Historic

Landmark, after an extensive restoration project to repair damage from a devastating

fire set by an arsonist in 1998.

WesternOffice staffmembers attended numerousmeetings of the Rutherford Trace

Steering Committee, and started planning a National Park Service- style brochure

detailing the history of the Rutherford expedition and a map showing its course. A

primary source for documenting the course of the expedition was the diary kept by

William Lenoir. In a closely related activity, the Western Office staff participated in a

feasibility study of the Cathey’s Fort location, mentioned in Lenoir’s diary as a stopping

point on the return trip, as a potential state historic site.

Archives and Records

The records management analyst conducted 528 records management and

micrographic consultations, including 157 site visits. Assistance was provided to

various county and municipal agencies in more than fifty counties, including Ashe,

Buncombe, Burke, Cherokee, Davidson, Davie, Gaston, Graham, Henderson, Lincoln,

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11

Mecklenburg, Onslow, Pitt, Polk, Richmond, Rowan, Swain, Transylvania, Wilkes,

and Yadkin. He presented five workshops on managing public records attended by

approximately 160 county andmunicipal employees. He spoke atmeetings of theNorth

Carolina Association of School Business Officers, North Western Regional

Educational Services Alliance, Superintendent and Board Assistants of North Carolina

Public Schools, North Carolina Local Government Information Systems Association,

North Carolina Association of County Veterans Services Officers, and the North

Carolina Association of Assessing Officers. He assisted with projects to issue, update,

and/ or amend records retention schedules for county departments of social services,

sheriffs’ departments, tax departments, registers of deeds, water and sewer authorities,

and local educational agencies. He also attended three training workshops onmanaging

electronic records offered by the South CarolinaDepartment ofArchives and History.

In the area of archival services, the analyst provided assistance regarding the

arrangement, description, and/ or preservation of collections administered by the

University of North Carolina at Asheville ( Buncombe County), Buncombe County

Library System, Cherokee County Historical Museum, Swannanoa Valley Historical

Museum ( Buncombe County), Mitchell County Historical Society, Haywood County

Historical Society, Burke County Historical Society, First Baptist Church in Asheville

( Buncombe County), Colburn Earth and Science Museum ( Buncombe County), Old

Buncombe Genealogical Society, Henderson County Genealogical Society, Center for

Diversity ( Buncombe County), Mars Hill College ( Madison County), Western

Carolina University ( Jackson County), and the Southern Highlands Craft Guild

( Buncombe County). He continued to serve on the board of theMountainArea Cultural

Resources Emergency Network, participated in a living history program held at the

Thomas Wolfe State Historic Site, presented four public programs on the care and

preservation of historical materials, and assisted with the transfer of approximately 320

cubic feet of paper records and 60 volumes to the State Archives. He also attended a

two- day workshop on encoded archival description held at the University of North

Carolina at Asheville, and the annual meeting of the North Carolina Preservation

Consortium on the campus of Wake Forest University in Winston- Salem.

State Historic Preservation Office

Several individuals carried out the duties of theWestern Office preservation specialist

position during the biennium. The preservation specialists responded to more than four

hundred requests for information from the public and conducted twenty- nine site visits.

They administered three grant projects and presented nineteen National Register

properties and twenty- six Study List properties at National Register Advisory

Committee meetings. The specialists reviewed nine Section 106 environmental review

projects. Four Part I Federal Investment Tax Credit program reviews were completed,

and three local designation reports were reviewed for comment. The specialists also

spoke at nine public and informational meetings. One served as a judge at the annual

History Day competition, and as an external “ mentor” for a North Buncombe High

School seniors’ project. He also participated in attempts to save the Weaverville

Colored School from the threat of auction by the city.

For the two- year period, the Western Office restoration specialist gave more than

844 consultations on preservation, restoration, and rehabilitation projects throughout

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the region. Ongoing state and federal grant projects were monitored 9 times and

received technical assistance 11 times. One state- owned property was reviewed and

received technical assistance. Section 106 environmental review projects were

reviewed 48 times with technical assistance given 69 times. Rehabilitation Investment

Tax Credit projects for income- producing properties were reviewed 72 times and

received technical assistance 176 times. Historic Preservation Tax Credit projects for

non- income- producing properties received review 54 times and technical assistance 90

times. More than 324 local technical consultations were provided.

The restoration specialist gave presentations to local non- profit groups, including

the Transylvania County Historical Society, the Valleytown Cultural Center, and the

Historic Burke Foundation. He also made presentations to the Appalachian State

University Interior Design School and the North Carolina Division of Community

Assistance. In addition, the specialist served as a judge for Western North Carolina

History Day. He also participated in an HPO- sponsored workshop for the

Hendersonville Historic Preservation Commission. As part of continuing education

requirements, the restoration specialist attended professional workshops and

conferences, including a seminar on design media, a manufacturer- sponsored brick

seminar, and a rehabilitation code workshop.

Office of State Archaeology

The staff archaeologist provided technical assistance to contractors, managers,

planners, and archaeologists in twenty- two western North Carolina counties, and

completed environmental review of 1,501 documents relating to construction projects

in twenty- five counties. Forty- nine visits or site evaluations were conducted in eleven

counties.

Assistance and supportwere continued with theNorth Carolina Chapter of the Trail

of Tears Association and the Cherokee Tribal Preservation Office. The archaeologist

provided planning assistance formuseum exhibits in three counties. Major involvement

was maintained with the proposed Ravensford Land Exchange between the National

Park Service and the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians, and the North Shore Road

project, both in Swain County.

The staff archaeologist also continued to participate in public education activities in

association with the North Carolina Archaeological Society, and to answer inquiries

from private individuals concerning artifacts, archaeological sites, cemeteries, and

Native American history. She worked closely with the Rutherford Trace Steering

Committee on the development of a brochure, and actively participated in a study

considering the feasibility of the Cathey’s Fort location for a state historic site.

Museums

Photographic and museum assistance was provided to Bowers Southeastern

Preservation, Edwards- Pitman Environmental, Stecoah Valley Arts Center, Clay

County Historical Museum, Center for Craft Creativity and Design, Dry Ridge

Historical Museum, Thomas Wolfe Memorial, Mars Hill College, Town of Granite

Falls, Carl Sandburg Home, Daughters of the American Revolution, Smith- McDowell

HouseMuseum, Penland School of Crafts, Brevard College, BlackMountainMuseum

College, and McDowell Technical College.

Division of Historical Resources

ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SECTION

Jesse R. Lankford Jr., State Archivist and Records Administrator

This biennium was characterized by accomplishment, adversity, and change in

Archives and Records. There were cuts in operating budgets accompanied by the loss

of three processing assistants, an administrative assistant, and a records management

analyst in 2003, and another processing assistant and a records management analyst in

2004. These position cuts followed similar losses of archivists and processing assistants

in 2002. Additionally, there was a significant change in section leadership with the

retirement of State Archivist Catherine J. Morris in February 2004.

The continued loss of funds and positions did not prevent the section from

achieving important goals and redressing some difficult problems. The purchase of

high- density mobile shelving from the Department of Revenue in the spring of 2004

will provide efficient storage for archival records when it can be installed as part of the

planned Archives and History/ State Library Building renovation. Plans also call for the

installation of an additional security vault for the section, which will provide critically

needed archival storage for securitymicrofilm. The section’s expansion budget request

for additional positions to support digitization and electronic records work was

approved by the GeneralAssembly at the end of the biennium. These accomplishments,

coupled with strategic initiatives under way in the management of electronic records

and the potential replacement of legacy administrative and database systems in the

Government Records Branch, provide optimism for even more advancements in the

next biennium.

The CollectionsManagement Branch continued essentialmicrographic, photographic,

and duplication work, resumed preservation toning of security microfilm, and provided

valuable preservation assistance to public agencies, despite the loss of staff to cuts and

internal transfers. Branch personnel were instrumental in carrying out a major shift of

records in the State Archives stacks and other section facilities.

In the Government Records Branch, major programmatic areas that received new

and concerted emphasis included electronic record- keeping methodologies, access to

records schedules via the Internet, formulation of additional policies to guide state

government in electronic records issues, and the establishment of partnerships with

other state agencies regarding electronic access and new approaches to records

scheduling. Standardized schedules were developed to streamline the process of

disposing of records without further administrative value while preserving those of

archival value.

One of the highlights of the biennium for the Information Technology Branch was

the availability of the new Manuscript and Archives Reference System ( MARS) online

in March 2003. Progress in producing online exhibits and posting many of the

photographic finding aids on the Web were also solid accomplishments. Initiatives to

provide electronic access to and help preserve records and collections are a core

component of the section’s program.

A decrease in the number of visitors to the Archives Search Room was offset by a

sharp rise in e- mail inquiries handled by the Public Services Branch. Staff continued to

provide a variety of outreach services to the general public, organizations, students, and

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teachers. They also effectively dealt with a number of issues involving the records of

the Eugenics Board.

Significant strides occurred within the Special Collections Branch both in Raleigh

and in Manteo. The National Endowment for the Humanities ( NEH) grant- funded

($ 98,245) BlackMountain College Project was completed on August 31, 2002. Finding

aids for many non- textual materials, organization records, and private collections were

placed in EAD. XML, and selected photographic holdings were scanned for the Web.

Many successful outreach activities and exhibits were accomplished by the Outer

Banks History Center staff.

The State Historical Records Advisory Board’s grant application to the National

Historical Publications and Records Commission ( NHPRC), titled “ Archival Training

in the 21st Century,” submitted on June 1, 2003, was approved. This grant, awarded for

two years, February 1, 2004 - January 31, 2006, provides $ 50,621 for a comprehensive

series of intensive training and educational workshops directed at records keepers and

special collections managers in smaller institutions around the state. In June 2004, a

project director was hired, and work was under way to draft a curriculum for the basic

education or archival “ boot camp” workshop.

The Friends of the Archives was especially supportive of the section during the

biennium. The Friends paid for the repair and binding of county records, the

preservation of several badly deteriorated maps, and the duplication of valuable H. Lee

Waters 1930s- era motion picture film and two- inch quad videotapes made during the

1963 tercentenary celebration. Three Friends internships provided sorely needed

support for digitization projects in the Collections Management Branch. Membership

in the Friends remained steady, and donations increased during the biennium, the

results of solicitation efforts of the president and board.

Beginning in March 2003 section staff provided research and other support for the

department’s legal efforts to recover North Carolina’s copy of the Bill of Rights. While

the case remains in litigation, other public records that were out of custody were

successfully recovered. In July 2002 the section recovered Bertie County courtminutes

for 1730- 1731, 1749, and 1750, and a 1761 tax list. InMay 2004 therewas thewelcome

acquisition of a May 23, 1861, letter from Jefferson Davis to Gov. John W. Ellis that

had been consigned by Historical Collectible Auctions of Graham, North Carolina.

Throughout the biennium the section effectively utilized the talents of many

volunteers, interns, and practicum students. Additionally, the long- term partnership

with the Genealogical Society of Utah to prepare and microfilm records for security

purposes was maintained.

Much of the strength ofArchives and Records’ programs resides in the quality of its

staff. The section is blessed with hard- working, resilient, and resourceful people who

are committed to excellence inmanaging, preserving, and providing enhanced access to

the state’s public and historical records. This is underscored in the following reports

from each of the branches.

COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT BRANCH

Collections Management Branch ( CMB) staff completed several major projects, and

progress continued toward other significant goals during the biennium. This was

accomplished despite staff cuts each fiscal year. The branch lost three critical positions

Division of Historical Resources

to cuts and transfer, but the staff continued to finish important initiatives and to make

remarkable progress on other projects by taking on extra responsibilities.

Major initiatives included an extensive shift of records in three of the five section

facilities. Planning for this massive undertaking began in February 2001. The Space

Allocation Committee, chaired by the head of the CMB, directed the efforts. Shifting of

records was done in phases, beginning in October 2002. It continued through themajor

effort during the annual inventory in January 2003 and was completed the following

month. When the project was finished, about two- thirds of the Archives’ stacks had

been shifted tomake room for additional county records and frequently referenced state

agency records. Branch personnel spent a great deal of time exploring options for

acquiring an additional security microfilm vault. With a second vault planned for

construction during the basement renovations, staff determined which collections could

be temporarily moved out of the existing vault to make room for incoming film. In

March 2004 the branch acquired a face- up book scanner to replace the outdated

graphics camera for the creation of prints from bound volumes.

Work on important preservation projects continued. Participation in the grant to

field test new software and data loggers developed by Image Permanence Institute was

completed. The software proved a critical component for an expanded environmental

monitoring program. During the first year of the biennium, preservation reformatting of

endangered collection negatives was quite high ( 1,558) because of the part- time

assistance of an additional staffmember in the photography lab. At the beginning of the

biennium, toning of endangered microfilm moved ahead, and in September 2002 a

report detailing the section’s progress on toning was written. However, in November

2002, toning was halted until improved ventilation for the processor was installed.

Toning resumed in May 2004.

Imaging Unit staff completed two major filming projects— the Secretary of State

Corporations Division records and the Department of Environment, Health, and Natural

Resources underground storage tank files. Preservation microfilming progressed on

North Carolina Supreme Court case files. Several newspaper- filming projects were

completed that filled gaps in the collection or captured important titles previously

unfilmed. The branch continued to receive film donations from publishers and public

libraries, which further enhanced the section’s microfilmed newspaper holdings.

Outreach remained a key part of the branch’s mission. The number of patrons and

governmental entities requesting preservation assistance grew each year. Overall the

branch fielded 191 requests. Outreach activities included a presentation at the North

Carolina Museum of History on preserving family papers, a visit to the Concord City

Museum to consult on collection care, participation in two “ Hometown History”

workshops directed by the Federation of North Carolina Historical Societies, and a

presentation on disaster preparedness and recovery at the annual legislative conference

of the Association of North Carolina Registers of Deeds. The branch head also assisted

the state archivist, theGovernment Records Branch administrator, and the supervisor of

the Local Records Unit with early recovery efforts after Hurricane Isabel flooded the

Hyde County courthouse in 2003.

During the reporting period, the conservation lab encapsulated 1,476 items,

de- acidified 42,490, repaired 9,514, and cleaned 178. Of those, 41,313 archival

documents were treated in the lab. The Imaging Unit produced 2,890,561 images and

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1,386 reels of 16- millimeter film, and 454,719 images and 561 reels of 35- millimeter

film. Even as filming for state and local agencies decreased because of the loss of

microfilming positions, agencies continued to send in film for storage in the Archives’

vault. Receipts of microfilm for storage totaled 27,448 reels. A total of 7,299 reels of

film were processed, and 4,558 silver duplicates and 26,312 diazo duplicates were

created by the lab. The photography lab completed 1,949 requests for photographs and

made 17,970 four- by- five- inch prints. While these numbers decline each year, the

number of digital requests increases. There were 340 digital orders for 3,221 images

placed during the biennium.

GOVERNMENT RECORDS BRANCH

TheGovernment Records Branch ( GRB) broke new ground in several areas during this

biennium and continued progress achieved during the previous biennium. All units

within the GRB underwent a number of substantive organizational and personnel

changes during the biennium. In November 2002, the Local Records Unit lost one

records analyst to budget reduction, and for most of 2003 the unit operated with only

two staff members because of extended illnesses. In November 2003, the Local

RecordsUnit and the county records portion of the RecordsDescription Unitmerged to

form a reorganized Local Records Unit, consisting of a supervisor, three archivists, and

three records analysts. The State Agency and University Records Unit lost one analyst

inMay 2004 and ended the biennium with a supervisor, one analyst II, and two analyst

Is. The State Agency Services Unit lost two positions during the biennium and in

November 2003 absorbed the state records portion of the former Records Description

Unit. This unit consisted at the end of the biennium of a supervisor, two archivist Is, one

archivist II, one office assistant IV, and seven processing assistant IVs. An electronic

records archivist comprised a separate unit.

The GRB continued to be vitally concerned with the volume of electronic records

being generated by state agencies, universities, and local governments, and with how

the institutions handled these records in the context of records scheduling and

disposition. During the biennium staff produced a number of policy guidelines ( or

revised existing ones) to help state agencies and local entities manage their electronic

records. These included guidelines in such areas as the disposal of security backup files,

the handling of e- mail as public record, preservation ofWeb- based activities and data,

and digital imaging systems. The branch also developed a workshop to address e- mail

retention and disposition.

Partnerships were cultivated with various state agencies to address electronic records

concerns. The branch worked with Information Technology Services ( ITS) to develop

new methodologies for tracking electronic records and to explore the possibility of

utilizing a Department of Defense- certified records management software application.

The most significant acquisition of electronic records in the bienniumwas the transfer of

six gigabytes of e- mail from Gov. James B. Hunt Jr.’ s third and fourth administrations

( 1993- 2001) to the Archives and Records Section. This e- mail will be processed by

archival staff in the State Agency Services Unit to provide for access and preservation.

The Local Records Unit updated and created records retention and disposition

schedules for local governments and posted them on the branch’s website. The unit

updated schedules for county andmunicipal boards of elections, county departments of

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social services, registers of deeds, tax administrators, and water and sewer authorities.

These new or updated schedules totaled 1,515 items. Staff also conducted 1,208 records

management, micrographic, and imaging- related consultations and developed two new

workshops for local agencies. One workshop centered on the development and

administration of a scanning program in local government settings, and the other

addressed disaster preparation and awareness. Thirty- nine training sessions were

conducted, which 1,085 local government employees attended. A total of 1,002.9 cubic

feet of records were received from the counties. Unit archivists arranged and described

247.1 cubic feet, and more than 292.8 cubic feet were transferred to the Archives.

The State Agency and University Records Unit finished significant projects that

included adding the “ Information Technology Records” section to the General

Schedule for State Agency Records and making all new and updated state agency

schedules available on the branch’s website. The unit organized and advised a major

task force composed of University of North Carolina System records managers to

prepare a General University Schedule to replace the 1991 version, a process that will

continue into the next biennium. Unit staff also oversaw the update or amendment of

4,638 records series for state agencies ( 3,079) and universities ( 1,559); conducted 70

training workshops, attended by 1,363 state agency and university employees; and

provided 1,188 records management consultations.

There were transfers of 452 cubic feet of unprocessed state agency records, and the

State Agency Services Unit received 151 cubic feet of unprocessed Governor’s Office

records. Archivists processed 410 cubic feet and handled more than 828 reference

requests, including 324 for Governor’s Office records.

The State Agency Services Unit staff in charge of State Records Center ( SRC)

operations handled 25,686 reference requests ( resulting in 29,669 searches for records),

and 80,336 records were re- filed ( or interfiled), for a total of 110,005 reference

services. The number of registered visitors at the SRC was 5,143. More than 166,007

cubic feet of records were stored in three separate facilities at the end of the reporting

period. Over 31,157 cubic feet of records were received for storage therein, and 19,820

cubic feet of recordswere removed. At the close of the biennium, the volume of records

awaiting transfer from state agencies to SRC storage totaled 1,143 cubic feet. The

volume of state agency records approved for destruction but still in storage had been

reduced to just over 16,797 cubic feet. The remaining space available for state agency

records storage at the Blount Street Annex was 9,711.8 cubic feet; this figure does not

include 12,540 cubic feet reserved for archival records.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BRANCH

In March 2003 a new Manuscript and Archives Reference System ( MARS) became

available on the Internet, along with more than 20,000 images. This system provides a

“ Google”- type search of records in the custody of the State Archives. As part of this

new system, the Revolutionary War Army Account indexes, the Colonial Governors’

Papers, and the Postal History Commission database became available online. By the

end of the biennium, MARS provided access to more than 404,726 record descriptions

and 50,000 images of original documents, posters, and maps.

Information Technology ( IT) Branch staff scanned, indexed, and mounted on the

Web more than 16,452 pages that included the Secretary of StateWills; Colonial Court

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Estates Papers; the “ Treasures” that represent some of the most significant items in the

Archives; the presidential signatures exhibit; the Colonial Governors’ Papers; and 144

early colonial and statewide maps. In addition to scanning original documents, branch

personnel began scanning and encoding selected finding aids for Internet access. These

included finding aids to 19 collections pertaining to Black Mountain College, 53

photograph collections, 18 private manuscript collections, records of the Society of

North Carolina Archivists, and 3 state agency collections.

The branch also started posting retention and disposition schedules for state

agencies, county governments, and colleges and universities on the Web, providing

each agency with Internet access to their most recent schedules. Within the reporting

period, 112 new state agency schedules, 20 local government schedules, and 1 state

agency general schedule were posted.

The basic Web pages for Archives and Records were completely redesigned to

provide more information about the services offered by the section. Other website

improvements include the BlackMountain College site and an exhibit on the Treasures

of the Archives depicting images and descriptions of 22 collections or documents that

comprise the showcase items of the State Archives. These documents include the

Carolina Charter of 1663, John Adams’s “ Thoughts on Government,” Jeremiah Vail’s

“ Plan of Wilmington, 1743,” and the Fort Fisher Log Book, 1864. In October 2003, a

presentation of 257 images of documents signed by all the presidents of the United

States became available on the State Archives website. Notable newWeb exhibits were

Pioneers in Aviation, the 25th and 50th Anniversary in Flight, and Postal History in

North Carolina.

During the biennium the IT Branch assumed responsibility for not only the

computers and servers of the section, but also those of the Historical Publications

Section, the division director’s office, and the Outer Banks History Center. In addition

to the purchase and setup of more than forty- four new computers, significant progress

wasmade on upgrading all section computers’ antivirus software. The branch provided

training and workshops for section personnel on the basics of maintaining a computer,

file management, and MS Excel.

New databases were developed or refined by the applications programmer. These

included an MS Access database for inventory control of scanned photographs, a

database for archaeological sites, a historical highway markers database, a

Minutes2Film database for the control of volumes microfilmed by the Collections

Management Branch, and a database for inventory control of furniture, artwork, and

other furnishings in the Executive Mansion.

The IT Branch could not have accomplished a lot of its work without the aid of

volunteers and interns. A volunteer completed the indexing of Anson County and

Watauga County estates papers and proofed the data entry of Confederate Pension

Applications. An intern fromGoodwill Industries scanned, performed optical character

recognition ( OCR), and proofread the Gash Family Papers finding aid. A student from

the University of Colorado at Denver completed item- level indexing of the Gash

Family Papers. An intern from Meredith College converted more than thirty

photograph collection finding aids to EAD. XML format. A state government summer

intern created a website on the history of aviation in North Carolina. Two students

completed practicum internships at North Carolina State University by arranging and

Division of Historical Resources

describing the World War II poster collection and producing an EAD. XML encoded

finding aid to the collection. Finally, a graduate of UNC- Chapel Hill entered all the

descriptive data pertaining to the original county records in Archives’ custody,

completing a project that she began as a state government intern and resulting in a

complete online catalog of this very popular material through MARS.

The Friends of the Archives provided three internships to the IT Branch during the

biennium. Christine Granquist of UNC- Chapel Hill scanned and catalogued twelve

hundred snapshots of the Blue Ridge Parkway. Neal Millikan of North Carolina State

University scanned and performed OCR on the H. H. Brimley Photograph Collection

finding aid and two hundred representative photographs from the collection to provide

Web access to them. Anna Kempl of UNC- Chapel Hill then encoded the finding aid to

the Brimley photographs and scanned additional images as well.

PUBLIC SERVICES BRANCH

The Public Services Branch continued to ably perform its responsibilities during this

biennium. The number of researchers in the Search Room decreased to 20,144,

compared to 24,040 in the previous biennium. These researchers used 56,290 Fibredex

boxes and volumes and 57,187 reels ofmicrofilm. Branch staffmembersmade 532,314

Xerographic copies and handled 12,312 phone calls. Mail inquiries numbered 17,156

and e- mail inquiries 31,530, for a total of 38,686 research requests, up from 32,720 in

the last biennium. More patrons are attempting to do their research from a distance,

using the Internet, phone, and mail, rather than visiting the Archives. Public Services

staff was shifted to the Correspondence Unit to accommodate this trend. Staffmembers

handled 4,074 requests for transcripts, an increase of 259 over the last biennium, aswell

as 198 veterans’ inquiries and 229 requests for unprocessed county records.

Branch personnel also supported departmental programs, such as the North

Carolina History Bowl ( State Historic Sites and Properties), History Day ( Division of

Historical Resources), and Tar Heel Junior Historians ( Museum of History), by serving

as judges. Staff members also wrote articles for the section’s webpage, created a

brochure titled “ The North Carolina State Archives at a Glance,” and prepared a

“ pathfinder” ( finding aid) for civil rights material in the Archives.

In addition to leading the annual inventory each year, Public Services, along with

the other branches of the section, completed a major move of records in 2003 that

increased the efficient use of space in the building and in offsite storage facilities.

During the 2003 annual inventory, staff members achieved a long- term preservation

goal by completing the arrangement and description of the Eugenics Board records.

Branch staff continued to offer outreach activities that included thirty lectures,

fourteen tours, and eight workshops. In 2003 and 2004 the branch supervisor attended

the Social Studies andMiddle School Association Conferences, each of which resulted

in hundreds of contacts with teachers around the state. The branch continues to receive

more requests from teachers for presentations and workshops on how to use the records

in the State Archives.

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SPECIAL COLLECTIONS BRANCH

This biennium was an especially active and challenging one for the Special Collections

Branch in Raleigh and in Manteo. Despite the loss of three positions to budget cuts,

branch staff successfully completed important projects and shouldered increased

workloads to deliver services and meet program goals.

There were 1,504 accession entries by the State Archives from July 2002 through

June 2004, consisting of 15,380 reels of 16- millimeter and 35- millimeter negative

microfilm, added to county, municipal, and state agency records; 1,131 photographs,

prints, slides, videotapes, and compact discs, plus 5.5 cubic feet of aerial photographs,

added to non- textual materials; 927 volumes, and 309 Fibredex and 23 manuscript

boxes added to county records; 471 reels of 16- millimeter and 35- millimeter negative

microfilm of census records added to federal records; 427 audio- and videocassette

interview tapes, 222 maps, 2 compact discs, and 1 reel- to- reel tape accessioned to the

Military Collection, plus 6,910 other documents added to that collection; 663 cubic feet

of state agency records; 105 pages of Bible records; 26 original newspapers and 6 reels

of 35- millimeter negative microfilm added to the Newspaper Collection; 49 new

private collections or additions to existent private collections; 28 account books; 12

collections added to Organization Records; 6 volumes, 1 reel of 35- millimeter negative

microfilm, and 1 compact disc added to Cemetery Records; 5 volumes and 1 reel of

microfilm added to Church Records; 6 collections added to Academic Records; 251

additions to theMap Collection; 3miscellaneous collections; 23 folders, 22 fiche cards,

and 1.4 cubic foot fiche box added to state agency records; 1 reel of federal troop

returns; and 2 additions to the vault collection, consisting of a copy of The Cherokee

Physician ( 1849) and Journal of a Young Man of Massachusetts ( 1816). For details of

these accessions, see Appendix 8 of this report.

The Non- Textual Materials Unit handled 7,117 requests, added 904 photographic

negatives to the permanent file, and accessioned 30 collections. Three state government

interns in 2003 and 2004 entered descriptions of Raleigh News and Observer negatives

from 1940 to 1949 into MARS. Finding aids were prepared for the Department of

Agriculture and Consumer Services, the Public Affairs Office Photograph Collection,

the Fred Wolfe Photograph Collection, the Harlan Boyles Photograph Collection, the

Interstate 40 Tunnel Construction Photograph Collection, and additions to the Farrell

Collection and the Waller Collection. Selected images from the H. H. Brimley

Collection and the photograph collection finding aids were scanned for posting on the

section’s website. The iconographic archivist completed the research and writing of a

directory of North Carolina photographers which will be published by the Historical

Publications Section in the fall of 2004. The permanent part- time archivist I in the unit

was lost to budget cuts in 2002.

The head of the Archival Description Unit helped develop the Presidential Ink

exhibit at the North CarolinaMuseum of History as part of the centennial celebration of

the North Carolina Historical Commission. This exhibit was open October 9, 2002,

throughMay 25, 2003, and displayed documents from the State Archives signed by all

forty- two U. S. presidents. Additionally, 518 maps in 1,674 previously scanned images

were stitched together for the map digitization and description project. The Black

Mountain College grant project was officially completed with the submission of the

final report to the National Endowment for the Humanities on October 1, 2002. The

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branch assisted the Museo National Centro de Arte Reina Sofia inMadrid, Spain with

an international exhibit on BlackMountain College that opened inOctober 2002. Work

by volunteers also continued on the postal history database, which held 12,600 record

entries when it was put into MARS in the spring of 2004. Unfortunately, an archivist

supervisor position in the unit was lost to budget cuts in 2002.

The unit’s access archivist edited and converted to Encoded Archival Description

all of the finding aids to organization records and existing finding aids to private

collections accessioned since the 1999 printing of the Guide to Private Manuscript

Collections in the North Carolina State Archives. She also supervised the Society of

North Carolina Archivists intern in 2003 in arranging and describing the records of the

society, and a graduate student from North Carolina State University in 2004

processing the records of the North Carolina Women’s Political Caucus.

TheMilitary Collection archivist researched and listed all living astronauts and flag

rank military officers ( admirals and generals) who were North Carolina natives, in

conjunction with First in Flight celebrations in December 2003. In the Military

Collection project, 1,174 calls and visitors were accommodated; 1,100 pieces of

correspondence sent or received; 189 photographs copied; 165 new collections and 15

additions to existing collections totaling 6,809 items donated; 65 veteran interviews

received or conducted; and 9 presentations given. In addition to project volunteers,

there were three state government interns that helped to process collections in 2003 and

2004.

The privatemanuscript archivist spentmany hours during the biennium conducting

research to document the loss of North Carolina’s copy of the Bill of Rights during the

Civil War and provided valuable assistance to the state’s legal efforts to recover it.

Finding aids were prepared for the following collections of papers: Bensen Aircraft

Corporation, Thomas Bragg ( addition), Susan Brumit, Cain- Hinton, Walter Clark

( addition), John Devereux, Martin Duberman ( revision), Hardie Family, Ruby T.

Hooper, Delia Hyatt, Joseph John Jackson, Larkin S. Kendrick, Laurence Moore

Family, Don Page, Samuel F. Patterson, Janis Ramquist ( addition), Daniel W. Revis,

Sue Spayth Riley, Joseph J. Roberson, Suggs- McEwen Family, Eleanor Park Vance,

and Joseph Bryant Whitehead.

At theOuter Banks HistoryCenter ( OBHC) inManteo, staff handled 7,346 requests

that consisted of 2,121 researchers in the Reading Room; 2,621 by phone; 2,109

inquiries on- site; 302 by fax and e- mail; and 193 by mail. A total of 2,014 images were

reproduced, including 950 photo reproductions and 1,064 scanned images. Gallery

visitation totaled 25,047. Because of the loss of the administrative assistant I position in

2003 and a cut in temporary salary funds, the center began closing on Saturdays.

OBHC staff inventoried and described eleven archival collections. A total of 241

new records were entered into the HICATS database. Through a grant from the Frank

Stick Trust, a consultant was paid to work with the Roanoke Island Historical

Association historian to process the papers of the association and The Lost Colony

Outdoor Drama. The recording of oral histories continued as an important component

of the center’s programs. Staff interviewed seventeen individuals, and an intern with the

Carolina Environmental Program conducted thirty- one interviews of charter- boat

fishermen out of Oregon Inlet. A significant acquisition was a large collection of

photographic negatives by Aycock Brown that was donated anonymously.

Division of Historical Resources

Important outreach initiatives included the Outer Banks History Center Associates’

fund- raising drive in the summer of 2003 to commission a portrait of the center’s

founding benefactor, David Stick. The portrait was unveiled on August 1, 2003. The

OBHC also hosted the fall meeting of the Society of North Carolina Archivists in

October 2003.

The First Flight Centennial provided opportunities to collaborate with other

organizations in the region to produce programs and exhibits. An exhibit titled, To

Preserve, Protect and Maintain: Seventy- five Years of the First Flight Society was on

display in the gallery, June 13- December 31, 2002. Using a grant fromAmerican Airlines

to the First Flight Centennial Foundation, the center created a three- dimensional exhibit,

The Outer Banks at the Turn of the Century, in the First Flight Pavilion at the Wright

Brothers National Memorial, Kill Devil Hills. With a similar grant from

GlaxoSmithKline, an exhibit of original paintings from NASA, Pushing the Limits:

Aviation Flight Research as Seen through the NASA Art Program, was brought to the

gallery, September- December 2003. The center collaborated with the Dare County Arts

Council in observing the twenty- fifth anniversary of the Frank StickMemorial Art Show

by presenting a retrospective exhibit, The Life and Works of Frank Stick,

January 30- August 15, 2003. Aerial Views, Things in the News, the Beach of Yesteryear,

and Past Happenings Here: Black and White Photographs by Roger P. Meekins

provided a glimpse into the mid- 1940s to mid- 1950s, from February 17 to September 6,

2004.

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Division of Historical Resources

HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS SECTION

Donna E. Kelly, Administrator

During the first year of this biennium, receipts for the Historical Publications Section

( HPS) totaled $ 146,823.05, the lowest in the last six years. However, sales rebounded

during the second year to $ 188,983.45, for a total two- year figure of $ 335,806.50.

Credit card sales totaled $ 14,476.78 in the first year ( 10 percent of the total) and

$ 20,963.24 in the second ( 12 percent of the total), showing a trend toward the use of

credit cards for payment. Publications produced during the period are listed in

Appendix 6.

The section sold or distributed 75,482 publications as follows:

Documentary volumes 1,730

Governors’ documentaries 1,913

Fifty- year Review index ( out of print during period) 52

Ten- year Review index ( sale item) 61

Carolina Comments index ( limited stock) 18

Books, pamphlets ( booklets), and Roster addenda 38,833

Maps, charts, and documents ( many sold separately) 3,449

Publications catalogs 26,991

Biennial reports ( limited stock) 64

Back issues of the Review 854

Back issues of Carolina Comments 684

Blackbeard T- shirts ( limited stock) 35

Posters 798

Sales were brisk over the past two years, mainly fromselling shelf- worn or slightly

damaged copies, conducting special inventory- reduction offers, making more

presentations about the program, and selling books at more local events and meetings.

The primary money- earning event was the 2003 state fair. Over a ten- day period, the

majority of section staff worked overtime to sell nearly $ 17,000 worth of books, or an

average of $ 1,700 each day.

Several initiatives continued during this biennium. The implementation of special

sales on outdated or overstocked titles resulted in more revenue and more shelf space.

Likewise, instead of discarding shelf- worn or slightly damaged books, theywere sold at

half price, again making money for the section while also clearing out much needed

room for newer titles. The complete inventory was shifted once new shelving was put

into place for better utilization of existing shelf space, as well as vertical space.

The section was reorganized in October 2002 to streamline supervisory

responsibilities. The existing four branches were renamed to better reflect the

encompassing duties of each: Administrative Branch ( overseeing office operations,

marketing, digitizing/ typesetting, and proofreading); General Publications and

Periodicals Branch ( publishing the North Carolina Historical Review, Carolina

Comments, general publications, reprints, and documentaries); Special Projects Branch

Division of Historical Resources

( administering the Colonial Records Project and the publication of governors’ papers);

and CivilWarRosterBranch ( publishing the ongoing series, North Carolina Troops).

Two major changes that occurred during this reporting period were the revamping

of Carolina Comments and the creation of an online store. In January 2003, Carolina

Comments began a quarterly publication schedule ( January, April, July, and October)

to correspond with the Review schedule. The use of coated stock, a slight change in

format, additional pages, and the use of color produced a much slicker periodical.

Effective September 2003, an online store opened for business. A secure Yahoo- based

server allowed customers to place credit- card orders via http:// store. yahoo. com/

nc- historical- publications/. By the end of the reporting period, 275 orders had been

placed for a total of $ 25,543.50.

In personnel matters, Robert M. Topkins ( editor III) retired July 31, 2002. On

October 14, 2002, Kenrick N. Simpson ( formerly with the Archives and Records

Section) was hired as the new supervisor of the General Publications and Periodicals

Branch. Walter Evans ( editor I) resigned March 31, 2003, and his position was

eliminated. However, aftermuch negotiation, a receipt- based, part- time editor I position

was established, and Denise Craig was hired May 1, 2004. Effective February 1, 2004,

Weymouth T. “ Hank” Jordan ( editor III) retired. Matthew M. Brown was promoted to

supervisor of the Civil War Roster Branch, effective March 1. Michael Coffey was

hired into the editor I position vacated by Brown.

At the end of the biennium, the Facilities Management Unit of the Department of

Administration was making plans to take over part of the section’s inventory space.

Once this occurs, it will limit the quantity of books, both in terms of the number of

separate titles and the total number of volumes, which can be stored. To keep all the

titles in stock in less space will necessitate smaller press runs, which will increase unit

costs and therefore increase the overall cost to the customer.

On a more positive note, a new sign was erected at the corner of Lane and

McDowell Streets. It gives the section more visibility and has already resulted in more

walk- in purchases.

ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

The section administrator attended two annual meetings of the North Carolina Literary

and Historical Association and continued to represent the department on the North

Carolina Project Green advisory team. She also served on the Archives and History

Centennial Committee and the DCR Collaborative Culture team. As administrator she

proofread all publications produced during the biennium, gave speeches about thework

of the section, and sold books at various meetings. She also saw through press The

North Carolina State Fair and Paving Tobacco Road. In addition she co- edited with

Lang Baradell the third volume of The Papers of James Iredell. Both editors received

plaques of appreciation from the North Carolina Supreme Court Historical Society for

their contribution to the study of legal history.

With the loss of the accounting clerk III position during the last biennium, the

addition of the online store, and the implementation of the e- procurement system for

purchasing, the administrative secretary II and the processing assistant III had to

assume additional responsibilities. They ably managed daily operations of the section

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Division of Historical Resources

by accounting for the inventory, preparing necessary reports, and handling all requests

and orders via phone, fax, e- mail, in person, and online. They prepared 245 purchase

requests, handled 9,001 pieces of mail, and processed 4,504 orders. Certain clerical

duties relating to the North Carolina Historical Review were shifted to the editor of that

periodical or to the editor I within the General Publications and Periodicals Branch.

Other duties were transferred to the marketing specialist. Responsibilities that

continued from the last reporting period included mailing payment notices, ordering

supplies, supervising bulk mailings, handling surplus property disposal, updating leave

reports, preparing purchase requests via e- procurement, processing orders, and

handling all of the mail.

The part- time information and communication specialist I promoted nine newtitles,

four reprints, two Review articles, one new poster, and special sales through press

releases, flyers, review copies, book displays, and articles in newsletters and other

publications, as well as online via e- mail and the section website and store. She

coordinated arrangements for thirteen book signings and four media appearances. She

edited entries, added new material, selected graphic art, designed layout and cover, and

oversaw distribution of the 2003 and 2004 publications catalogs, both of which

incorporated slick paper, color, and a title index. The marketing specialist planned,

mounted, or staffed exhibits at two North Carolina Social Studies and two Middle

School Association Conferences, the Archives and History Centennial Celebration,

Tourism Day, State Employees’ Appreciation Day, the North Carolina Literary

Festival, and the 2003 Southern Historical Association meeting. In addition she

provided display copies of selected titles, catalogs, and flyers for numerous displays at

meetings in and out of state.

The digital editor II typeset or scanned images for all but one of the publications

produced over the past two years. Material typeset included eight issues of Carolina

Comments, eight issues of the North CarolinaHistorical Review, five reprints, two new

titles, and the 2000- 2002 biennial report. Over 400 images were scanned for the state

fair history and more than 150 photographs for an upcoming title about photographers

in North Carolina, to be published at the beginning of the next biennium. She set up the

online store by entering copywritten by themarketing specialist for the home page, title

descriptions, and the customer service section. She maintained the section website,

which gained an easier URL address, www. ncpublications. com. For this two- year

period, therewere 30,489 hits on the site, bringing the total since its inception to 74,674.

The digital editor, with assistance fromthemarketing specialist, began streamlining the

computerizedmailing lists to cull the names of individuals or organizations that had not

placed an order within the past two years. Moreover, she and other staff members

gathered e- mail addresses so they can be used instead of regular mail in order to save

time and money in sending out notices about special sales or new publications. Other

ongoing projects of this position included collating a cumulative index to the Review to

be placed on the website, maintaining a list of shelf- worn titles, updating the online

store and website as new titles are produced, linking the section website to other

websites, adding metadata to the website, assisting with marketing activities, selling

books off site, shifting books in the stock room, and preparing materials for mailing.

The section proofreader ( editor I) read copy for all issues of the North Carolina

Historical Review and Carolina Comments; the Forty- ninth Biennial Report; the fourth

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volume of Addresses and Public Papers of James Baxter Hunt Jr., Governor of North

Carolina ( forthcoming); History for All the People; The North Carolina State Fair: The

First 150 Years; Paving Tobacco Road: A Century of Progress by the North Carolina

Department of Transportation; the second volume of The Papers of William Woods

Holden ( forthcoming); the third volume of The Papers of James Iredell; and Searching

for the Roanoke Colonies. She has also edited about one- half of thematerial for volume

thirteen of the Records of the Moravians and will continue working on that project in

the next biennium.

CIVILWAR ROSTER BRANCH

The last stages of production for the fifteenth volume of North Carolina Troops,

1861- 1865: A Roster were completed near the middle of this reporting period. These

included obtaining illustrations and composing cutlines; procuring maps; making final

additions based on materials acquired by researcher Henry Mintz, materials from the

McClung Historical Collection in Knoxville, and other sources; and proofreading,

indexing, and typesetting the volume. Edwards Brothers printed a total of 1,500 copies.

The Roster Branchmailing listwas updated, and an announcement and order formwere

sent to 2,025 addresses.

Research and writing of the sixteenth volume commenced, and this biennium saw

the completion of initial drafts of rosters for Thomas’s Legion, the 1st Battalion and 1st

Regiment N. C. Junior Reserves, and much of the roster for the 2nd Regiment N. C.

Junior Reserves. The rosters are based on information gleaned from the National

Archives Compiled Service Records, pension records, gravestone records, the 1870

census, and various other sources. Henry Mintz received a $ 2,500 grant from the North

Caroliniana Society to conduct research for the sixteenth volume, and he began his

work at the National Archives.

The section signed a contract with Broadfoot Publishing Company to reprint,

during 2004 and 2005, the first fourteen volumes of North Carolina Troops. Under the

agreement, the section would retain five hundred copies of each volume for sale. Roster

staff made minor revisions, and the first two volumes were reprinted at the end of the

reporting period. A flyer was prepared and copies mailed or e- mailed to announce the

massive reprinting project.

GENERAL PUBLICATIONS AND PERIODICALS BRANCH

In the General Publications and Periodicals Branch, the editor III compiled and edited

the Forty- ninth Biennial Report of the North Carolina Office of Archives and History,

July 1, 2000, through June 30, 2002; edited and saw through press six issues of

Carolina Comments ( three additional issues had been completed by the previous editor

or the section administrator), and compiled the annual index for 2003. He saw through

press and prepared the index for Searching for the Roanoke Colonies: An

Interdisciplinary Collection. He also indexed History for All the People and a reprint of

Greene and Cornwallis: The Campaign in the Carolinas. For theArchives and Records

Section, he proofread and edited the registers of deeds records retention schedule, the

guide to Indian records, six archives information circulars, and sixteen sketches of

aeronauts for aWeb exhibit. He also served as a judge forNorth CarolinaHistory Day.

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The documentary editor II completed the editing of and saw through press the third

volume of The Papers of James Iredell, a project begun by the current section

administrator. He wrote the introduction and compiled the index to the volume. He then

began researching and writing annotations for the fourth volume. During the biennium,

he supervised several interns assigned to this editing project. He also assisted the editors

at Pace University who are preparing the Harriet Jacobs papers for publication by

proofreading transcriptions of documents against photocopies of the originals.

Eight issues of the Review ( July and October 2002; January, April, July, and

October 2003; and January and April 2004) were published. [ The subscriptions

decreased slightly from the previous biennium to an average of 1,115. The cost

increased to $ 30 annually effective January 1, 2003, with back issues priced at $ 8 each.]

These issues consisted of 278 book reviews, 22 articles, 4 bibliographies ( 2 for N. C.-

related books and 2 for N. C.- related theses and dissertations), and 2 indexes. The editor

II assigned book reviews, wrote cutlines, edited articles and book reviews, designed

covers, selected illustrations, ordered review copies, handled correspondence, and saw

all eight issues through press. During the biennium 49 manuscripts were received for

consideration. Of those, 24 were accepted, and 23 were rejected. Members of the

Advisory Editorial Committee and other readers evaluated 33 articles submitted to the

Review. Dr. Holly Brewer of North Carolina State University completed her term on

June 30, 2003, and was succeeded by Dr. Cynthia A. Kierner of the University of North

Carolina at Charlotte. Dr. David A. Zonderman of North Carolina State University

completed his term on June 30, 2004, and was replaced by Dr. John David Smith of the

University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

Two publications were produced jointly with other agencies. The Department of

Agriculture and Consumer Services paid for the publication of The North Carolina State

Fair: The First 150 Years. The North Carolina Transportation Museum Foundation

underwrote the publication of Paving Tobacco Road: A Century of Progress by the North

Carolina Department of Transportation. The design, typesetting, copyediting, and

indexing of both titles were outsourced by contract. Memoranda of agreement were

signed whereby HPS would share in the proceeds from the sale of these two books. A

poster commemorating the 150th anniversary of the state fair was also printed.

To celebrate the centennial in 2003 of the first manned flight, a reprint of a Review

article by Stephen Massengill, “ By Dauntless Resolution,” was published. Triumph at

Kitty Hawk was also reprinted through an agreement with the State Employees’ Credit

Union in honor of this centennial. Other reprints included theMercator- Hondiusmap of

1606, the Post Route map of 1896, Greene and Cornwallis, and North Carolina

Legends ( nineteenth printing).

SPECIAL PROJECTS BRANCH

Created in October 2002, the Special Projects Branch combined the former Colonial

Records Branch ( now Colonial Records Project) and the Modern Governors’

Documentaries Project. The staff of three includes the branch head, the editor II of

modern governors’ documentaries, and an editor I who serves as the assistant colonial

records editor.

The Colonial Records Project reprinted two titles and was on the verge of

publishing two new volumes at the close of the biennium. North Carolina Higher-

Court Records, 1670- 1696, the second volume of the Colonial Records of North

Carolina [ Second Series], had been out of stock for years, and with supplies of the third

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volume, North Carolina Higher- Court Records, 1697- 1701, almost exhausted, the

reprinting of both these books ensured that complete sets of the second series were

available once again for purchase. The indexes of two future publications were nearly

finished at the end of the reporting period: Church of England Records, 1742- 1763, the

eleventh volume in the second series; and the next addition to the special soft- cover

series, African Americans in Early North Carolina: A Documentary History, compiled

by Alan D. Watson. Material was collected by the editor I for a soft- cover documentary

on Native Americans. Guest editor Bradford J. Wood of the Department of History at

Eastern Kentucky University began compiling a new edition of the James Murray

papers. Colonial Records staff, interns, and volunteers continued gathering references

to North Carolina from colonial and revolutionary- era newspapers. Their search was

broadened considerably by four grants from the North Carolina Society of the

Cincinnati, whichmade possible the purchase ofmicrofilmof the Connecticut Courant

( 1764- 1820), Georgia Gazette ( 1763- 1770), New Jersey Gazette ( 1777- 1786), New

York Constitutional Gazette ( 1775- 1776), New York Gazette and Weekly Mercury

( 1768- 1783), New York Journal ( 1766- 1776), Newport ( R. I.) Mercury ( 1758- 1820),

Pennsylvania Evening Post ( 1775- 1784), Pennsylvania Ledger ( 1775- 1778),

Pennsylvania Packet ( 1771- 1790), and Rivington’s New York Gazetteer/ Royal Gazette

( 1773- 1783). The editor III coordinated two meetings of the Carolina Charter

Corporation.

The editor II of themodern governors’ documentaries completed the compilation of

the appointments section and the editing and annotation of the inaugural and biennial

addresses for the fourth volume of the Addresses and Public Papers of James Baxter

Hunt Jr., Governor of North Carolina. He also continued collecting speeches, press

releases, letters of appointment to boards and commissions, and proclamations for the

first volume of the administration of Gov. Michael Francis Easley.

Division of Historical Resources

OFFICE OF STATE ARCHAEOLOGY

Stephen R. Claggett, State Archaeologist

Organizational changes within the Office of State Archaeology ( OSA) were instituted

during the biennium as part of a continuing realignment of staff assignments and

reductions in force stemming from departmental budget actions. Two deputy state

archaeologists, Dolores Hall and Richard Lawrence, were designated in early 2003 to

lead the Land and the Underwater Archaeology Branches, respectively. Loss of an

archaeologist II ( historic archaeology) staff position and a federally funded

archaeology technician resulted from cuts to funding; a third position ( archaeologist

supervisor), which was reassigned to OSA from the Division of State Historic Sites and

Properties, was realigned to create one of the deputy positions. A new conservator for

the Queen Anne’s Revenge Project ( Underwater Archaeology Branch) was hired to

supervise the project laboratory in Greenville.

Despite the loss of staff and the continuing erosion of state and federal operating

budgets, the OSA continued to provide good service in most areas. Major initiatives

carried over from the last biennium included the cooperative Geographic Information

System ( GIS) with the North Carolina Department of Transportation ( NCDOT), and

projects OSA now manages on behalf of State Historic Sites and Properties, such as

collections management and archaeological investigations at several sites, including

Chowan County Courthouse, Historic Bath, Historic Halifax, and Town Creek Indian

Mound. Reduced operating budgets resulted in fewer field projects, but those

undertaken involved important places like the courthouse, the Doerschuk Site

( Montgomery County), and the State Capitol grounds. A limited excavation of building

features associated with the Capitol was done as part of Archives and History’s

centennial celebration in March 2003. Field projects were down to 18 this biennium,

from 112 last period. Public presentations also had to be reduced, from 53 last biennium

to 16 this period. Public expectations for field and educational services from OSA

clearly cannot be met at current staffing and funding levels.

Fieldwork efforts, as well as ongoing collectionsmanagement and research work at

the OSA Research Center ( OSARC), depend very heavily on public and student

volunteers to make them successful. Three student interns helped with OSA home

office records and mapping projects, while OSARC volunteers ( an average of

25- 30/ month) worked tirelessly to add approximately 140,000 artifact records to the

catalog, and to handle the 905 boxes of Historic Sites materials relocated to OSARC

from Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum. Other OSARC projects included acquisition

and operation of a high- resolution digital imaging system, and forensic training

sessions with the North Carolina Justice Academy and Chief Medical Examiner.

Student interns from Peace College, Meredith College, UNC- Chapel Hill, North

Carolina State University, and Southeast Raleigh and Enloe High Schools gained

valuable educational experience while working at OSARC.

As always, OSA staff provided technical assistance to a wide variety of agencies,

schools, and other organizations. The number of such cases actually increased ( to

1,650, from 878 last biennium), in part through better use of electronic communications

such as e- mail and Web pages. Similarly, the office handled an impressive increase in

the number of environmental review ( ER) projects; last biennium’s 79 percent increase

in cases was nearly matched in 2003- 2004 with an additional 71 percent increase.

Projects totaling 13,176 were efficiently managed by the reduced OSA staff, of which

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7,488 were non- NCDOT related, and 5,688 cases were directly tied to NCDOT

initiatives like the Transportation Improvement Program ( TIP) and Moving Ahead! In

the face of such increased caseloads, over which we have no control, OSA, in concert

with the State Historic Preservation Office ( HPO), by necessity relinquished their

opportunity to review other projects, particularly water quality permits issued by the

Division ofWater Quality. Major ER projects for OSA staff involved multiple agency

and public consultation meetings and reviews of plans and documents. These cases

included Ravensford Land Exchange and North Shore Road ( National Park Service,

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, and Federal Highway Administration), and Federal

Energy Commission re- licensing efforts for Yadkin Inc./ APGI, Virginia Power,

Progress Energy, and Duke Power. NCDOT remained the single biggest “ client,”

however; their efforts to rebuild the I- 85 bridge system over the Yadkin River near

Salisbury proved to be an immensely time- consuming task for OSA staff, as well as

those in sister agencies at NCDOT and the HPO. An improved, comprehensive ER

project tracking system was installed at OSA and HPO in August 2002.

The OSA “ clientele” for ER and technical assistance undertakings remains broad.

Major agencies dealtwith, as in times past, included Fort Bragg; Camp Lejeune; Cherry

Point Air Station; U. S. Forest Service ( statewide); U. S. Army Corps of Engineers;

Division of Coastal Management; Division of State Parks; State Historic Sites and

Properties ( statewide); and Natural Resource Conservation Service. In addition, staff

dealt frequentlywith everymajorUNC campus, aswell asmost private universities and

smaller colleges in the state.

As noted above, the GIS initiative for archaeology continued, andmost of the Raleigh

OSA staff were engaged in the critical tasks of redesigning computerized site forms,

converting existing data files concerning more than 35,000 sites to a new Access- based

system, and supervising NCDOT contractors who worked in the OSA office to digitize

and capture importantmap and data files. The seven- county pilot effort continues but will

require major infusions of funds to implement for the entire state.

OSA work with the National Register of Historic Places included completion of a

major multi- property Civil War shipwreck district in eastern North Carolina, and

near- completion of a separate nomination for the Civil War battle site at Wyse Fork

near Kinston. State Archaeological Resources Protection Act ( ARPA) permits were

issued in ten instances, to university or agency archaeologists at UNC- Chapel Hill,

UNC- Charlotte, Western Carolina, Wake Forest University, East Carolina University

( ECU), and the U. S. Army base at Fort Bragg. OSA staff, including the state

archaeologist, served on four student thesis committees at ECU, and administered

Historic Preservation Fund ( HPF) grants for projects ranging from the Moravian

settlement at Friedland ( Forsyth County) to Native American/ Spanish contact period

sites along the upper Catawba Valley near Morganton.

As of June 2004, over 39,000 archaeological sites were included in the statewide

inventory, of which 25,734 were fully processed, mapped, and described ( available for

GIS analysis). New site reports totaled 3,770, and 2,491 were added to the inventory.

Collections accessioned from those sites numbered 579, and more than 160 square

miles, or 100,500 acres of land, were closely inspected for the presence of endangered

archaeological resources. Almost without exception, these and all related statistical and

performance measures for OSA continued to increase, while the critical resources of

staff and funding continued a steady decline.

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UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY BRANCH

and QUEEN ANNE’S REVENGE SHIPWRECK PROJECT

Staff from the Underwater Archaeology Branch ( UAB) and Queen Anne’s Revenge

Shipwreck Project continued to monitor the condition of the shipwreck site at Beaufort

Inlet thought to be the remains of Blackbeard’s flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge

( QAR). As part of that effort, inspection dives were conducted on the site both before

and after Hurricane Isabel passed through the area in September 2003. The UAB

participated in filming a segment on QAR for the Discovery Channel’s MysteryHunters

series in September 2002. The UAB/ QAR team returned to the site in April 2004 for a

week- long project to obtain controlled digital photographs of the shipwreck in order to

create a photomosaic image of the site. The North Carolina Division of Marine

Fisheries provided vessel support for the project, which was partially supported through

funding from National Geographic Magazine and included a photographer from that

organization.

A $ 350,000 grant from the Save America’s Treasures program of the National

Endowment for the Arts was themain source of funding for the QAR project during the

report period. Over the past two years, grant funds have been used to hire temporary

staff, develop and refine an artifact database, improve site security, process nearly

12,000 artifacts at the UAB’s Fort Fisher preservation lab, and establish, staff, and

equip a new laboratory located at the former Voice of America complex near

Greenville, which was formally dedicated in January 2004. All unconserved artifacts,

including five cannon and a portion of the ship’s hull, are currently undergoing

treatment at the Greenville lab. Completed artifacts have been transferred to the North

Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort. QAR staff also expanded the project website

( http:// www. qaronline. org/) and produced five newsletters, two field reports, fourteen

conservation reports, and two historical reports. The website averaged 6,000 hits per

month for a total of 144,000 for the biennium.

In addition to work at the QAR site, UAB staff participated in forty- four field

projects and site inspections that resulted in the recording of twelve new underwater

sites. Those projects included documenting a fragment of the CSS Neuse’s casemate

still in the Neuse River near Kinston; locating and mapping the remains of the Union

gunboat Otsego in the Roanoke River near Jamesville; a week- long investigation of

several schooners sunk by the Confederate navy in Croatan Sound prior to the Battle of

Roanoke Island; reexamining ten dugout canoes in Lake Phelps; confirming the

location of the shipwreck Metropolis, a steamship lost off Currituck Banks in 1878 with

the loss of eighty- five lives; and assisting the research company, Intersal, Inc., with the

recovery and preservation of seven eighteenth- century cannon from a site in Beaufort

Inlet. In the Cape Fear region, UAB staff conducted a five- day survey for two

Revolutionary War shipwrecks off Bald Head Island, collaborated with Cape Fear

Community College to conduct a side scan sonar and magnetometer survey of Orton

Cove in an effort to locate the Spanish privateer Fortuna, and examined the remains of

the Civil War gunboat USS Iron Age in Lockwoods Folly Inlet.

In 2002, the UAB contracted with Lindley Butler to prepare a National Register of

Historic Places Multiple Property Nomination for fifteen Civil War shipwrecks in the

sounds and rivers of eastern North Carolina. The UAB obtained a grant from the

American Battlefield Protection Program of the National Park Service to fund the

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research. Dr. Butler successfully presented the nomination to the North Carolina

National Register Advisory Committee in October 2003.

UAB staff presented papers at the 2002 and 2003 meetings of the North Carolina

Maritime History Council; the 2002 Chacmool Conference in Calgary, Canada; the

Fifth World Archaeology Congress ( 2002) in Washington, D. C.; the 2003 Society for

Historical Archaeology ( SHA) meeting in Providence, Rhode Island; the 2003

American Academy of Underwater Sciences ( AAUS) Conference in Greenville, N. C.;

the American Institute for Conservation Conference ( 2003), in Arlington, Virginia; the

2004 SHA meeting in St. Louis, Missouri, the 2004 Southeastern Users Group

Conference ( ESRI), at Savannah, Georgia; the 2004 ICOM- CCWOAM( Waterlogged

Organic Archaeological Materials) meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark; and the

American Institute of Conservation Conference ( 2004) in Portland, Oregon. In

addition, branch staff participated in over 51 media interviews, and gave 84

presentations and tours, attended by 4,869 individuals, to various school, civic, and

professional groups. During the biennium, 17,709 visitors toured the underwater

archaeology exhibit building at Fort Fisher.

UAB staff responded to 259 requests for technical assistance and information.

Volunteers contributed 3,120 hours assisting in all aspects of the UAB program. A total

of 977 historic shipwrecks were entered into the Aviion database system.

Division of Historical Resources

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE

Peter Sandbeck, Administrator

The State Historic Preservation Office ( HPO) staff successfully rose to the challenge of

finding ways to provide high levels of service for its core programs despite ongoing

reductions in budget and staffing. North Carolina’s federal Historic Preservation Fund

allocation was cut by more than 20 percent, from $ 1,643,331 in 2000- 2002 to

$ 1,305,550 for this biennium, significantly reducing the section’s ability to provide

grant funding for those projects most central to its mission— the statewide survey and

National Register nominations. State funding levels continued to be reduced during this

period, but at a slightly more manageable pace than in previous years. Three important

positions— the preservation planner, Restoration Branch head, and the research

historian— that had previously been frozen or endangered were fully eliminated,

forcing some section staff to assumemultiple duties in order tomaintain key programs.

The continued growth of the popular state tax credit program implemented in 1998

placed additional burdens on staffmembers because of the increase inNationalRegister

nominations and tax credit applications generated by those seeking the credits. Staff

reviews of proposed and completed state tax credit applications increased significantly,

rising from 446 during the last biennium to 640 this period. In response to the growth of

the program, the General Assembly authorized the North Carolina Historical

Commission in 2003 to establish a review fee for state tax credit projects. The revenue

generated by the fee would fund two additional professional positions within the

section for specialists to review National Register nominations and tax credit

applications, along with an improved database system and administrative staff. Critical

support for the proposed fee was provided by Preservation North Carolina and by key

developers specializing in historic preservation tax credit projects. The proposed fee,

which will average approximately 0.5 percent of the overall rehabilitation cost, was

subsequently approved by the Rules Review Commission and is expected to be

implemented in the fall of 2004.

Significant strides were made to continue the statewide survey program despite the

loss of funding from traditional state and federal sources. Three additional

comprehensive countywide surveys were carried out during the biennium, utilizing

grant funding from the North Carolina Department of Transportation’s ( NCDOT)

federal TEA- 21 program. The completion of the surveys of Harnett, Rockingham, and

Watauga Counties brought the number of counties with full surveys to seventy.

The HPO was involved in a number of major environmental review projects during

the biennium, many of which were complicated projects taking many years and

requiring multiple consultations. Staff completed the review process for a number of

hydroelectric facilities in the western part of the state, as well as for some major

NCDOT projects, including the widening of U. S. 321 through Blowing Rock and the

Southwest Greenville Bypass in Pitt County. Environmental review staff also began

participation in a long- term process to develop a Programmatic Agreement ( PA) with

NCDOT to develop amore effective and streamlined review process for large numbers

of minor transportation projects.

After providing dedicated leadership for the HPO since 1984, David Brook left his

post as section administrator and deputy state historic preservation officer in February

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2004 to assume his new title as director of the Division of Historical Resources of the

Office of Archives and History. Brook, who successfully shepherded the HPO through

difficult periods of budget and staffing cutbacks, was instrumental in the establishment

of the state tax credit program in 1997- 1998 and the successful effort to implement a

system of fees to enable the section to fund additional staff for theNational Register and

tax credit programs.

ADMINISTRATION

Environmental Review

During the biennium the staff of the HPO and Office of State Archaeology ( OSA)

reviewed 7,473 projects, pursuant to applicable federal and state preservation laws. The

nearly 20 percent decrease in projects submitted for environmental review reflected the

continued slowdown in the state’s economy and the siting of new cellular

communications towers, as well as the decision by the HPO to stop reviewing

applications for joint 401/ 404 permits by the Division of Water Quality and the Army

Corps of Engineers. Even though there was a decline in the number of projects

reviewed, the complexity of the projects increased with many being long- term cases

requiring repeated consultations. These included the upcoming re- licensing of many

hydroelectric facilities: Duke Power’s Catawba- Wateree, Tillery, Nantahala, East and

West Fork, Bryson, Mission, and Franklin projects; Progress Energy’s Yadkin-

PeeDee; Alcoa’s Tapoco and Yadkin projects; as well as Duke Power’s proposed

surrender of its Dillsboro license. Several NCDOT projects also concerned complex

review issues with substantial public involvement and consultation. These included the

widening of U. S. 321 through Blowing Rock ( the Green Park Historic District);

improvements to I- 85 in Davidson and Rowan Counties ( the Trading Ford); the

Southwest Greenville Bypass in Pitt County ( Renston); U. S. 221 in Rutherford County

( Gilbert Town); and theMorehead City- Beaufort Airport runway extension in Carteret

County. Federally funded transportation enhancement projects that also required

extensive negotiations were sidewalk improvements within the Pinehurst National

Historic Landmark District and plans for a visitor center in Oak Grove at the

Averasboro CivilWar battlefield. Given the increase in the number of highway projects

generated by North Carolina’s Moving Ahead! program, and in other rail, bridge, and

secondary road enterprises, NCDOT and HPO began developing a Programmatic

Agreement ( PA) to delegate the review of minor transportation projects to the staff of

the NCDOT Office of Human Environment.

Negotiations on PAs continued with Fort Bragg and Camp Lejeune to address the

many actions that affect historic properties under their control. In response to a

congressional directive, Fort Bragg and the HPO developed a PA for the privatization

of the base’s historic family housing and development of new residential communities,

whichwill affect archaeological resources. In a precedent setting case, theHPO worked

with the National Park Service and the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians to ensure

that significant archaeological resources are recovered or protected at the Ravensford

Tract, which will be transferred from the Blue Ridge Parkway to the tribe for a school

and cultural center. The damage caused by Hurricane Isabel in 2003 required the

reactivation of the HPO’s PA with the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

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While few public buildings were damaged, plans to remove buildings from the

floodplain continued to affect historic properties.

TheHPOworkedwith the cities of Raleigh, Winston- Salem, Asheville, Wilmington,

Greenville, and Wilson to develop PAs and Memorandums of Agreement for

residential rehabilitation, redevelopment, and lead- based paint reduction projects.

Intern Nancy Avant created a much- needed PowerPoint presentation, Using the

Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation in Affordable Housing

Projects.

Sadly, Mitchell Community College proposed demolition of two more houses

within theMitchell CollegeHistoricDistrict. TheUniversity of North Carolina avoided

an adverse effect upon the historic Chapel Hill Cemetery through the redesign of a

controversial chiller plant/ parking deck, and undertook the sympathetic rehabilitation

of the Spencer- Love Cottage. The construction of a bathhouse on state lands near the

Corolla Lighthouse required the use of a Special Master by the Department of

Environment and Natural Resources to resolve a disagreement between the Coastal

Resources Commission, which supported the HPO’s finding of adverse effect on the

historic lighthouse complex by the facility, and the Wildlife Resources Commission,

which made the land available to Currituck County. In addition to proposing the

bathhouse, the county continues to lobby for ownership of the lighthouse itself.

Historic Preservation Fund Grants

The federal Historic Preservation Fund ( HPF) allocations to North Carolina during the

bienniumfell by 20 percent fromthe previous bienniumlevel, resulting in a substantial

decrease in pass- through grants for local projects. The FY 2003 allocation of $ 644,308

supported $ 64,500 in grants for nine local projects in Certified Local Government

( CLG) communities. The FY 2004 allocation increased to $ 661,242 and enabled the

award of $ 67,000 in grants for eleven CLG projects. The HPO did not fund any

non- CLG requests and did not receive any legislative appropriations for local grants

during the biennium. A list of the grant- assisted local projects may be found in

Appendix 10.

Certified Local Government and Local Preservation Commission Services Programs

The local preservation commission services coordinator provided nearly eight hundred

consultations to local governments, preservation commissions, and citizens seeking

information or guidance on protecting local historic properties and districts through

local ordinances. New commissions were established in Anson County, Clinton, Kill

Devil Hills, Northampton County, Snow Hill, andWilkesboro, bringing the number of

local commissions in the state to eighty- nine. The HPO reviewed eight local historic

district designation or boundary change reports and sixty- nine local landmark reports.

This level of local designation activity is lower than the last biennium when the number

of reports soared, but is higher than the average for other recent biennial periods. These

figures attest to the continuing strong grass- roots interest in preserving local historic

resources. No local governments joined the Certified Local Government ( CLG)

program: the number of CLGs in North Carolina remains at fifty- six. They are served

by forty CLG commissions, some ofwhich jointly serve a county CLG and one ormore

Division of Historical Resources

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