T his G eolog ic m ap was fu nded in part by the U S G S N ational Cooperative G eolog ic M apping Prog ram N orth Carolina G eolog ical S u rvey
O pen File R eport 2015-02
S iler City N E 7.5-m inu te Q u adrang le, O pen File R eport 2015-02
T his is an O pen-File M ap. It has been reviewed internally for
conform ity with N orth Carolina G eolog ical S u rvey m apping
standards and with the N orth Am erican S tratig raphic Code.
Fu rther revisions or corrections to this O pen File m ap m ay occu r.
R esearch su pported by the U .S . G eolog ical S u rvey, N ational
Cooperative G eolog ic M apping Prog ram , u nder U S G S
award nu m ber G 14AC00230. T his m ap and explanatory
inform ation is su bm itted for pu blication with the
u nderstanding that the U nited S tates G overnm ent is
au thorized to reprodu ce and distribu te reprints for
g overnm ental u se. T he views and conclu sions contained in
this docu m ent are those of the au thors and shou ld not be
interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies,
either express or im plied, of the U .S . G overnm ent.
By
Hea ther D. Ha nna , Philip J. Bra d ley, a nd Ra nd y Bec htel
G eolog ic data collected from Ju ly 2014 throu g h M ay 2015.
M ap preparation, dig ital cartog raphy and editing by
M ichael A. M edina, Heather D. Hanna and Philip J. Bradley.
2015
Geo lo gic Ma p o f the Siler City No rthea st 7.5-minute Qua d ra ngle, Cha tha m Co unty, No rth Ca ro lina
N.C.
DESCRIPTIO N O F MAP UNITS EX PLANATIO N O F MAP SY MBO LS
TRAVERSE MAP
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Z him e/pl
Zhe/pl
Z he*
Zhablc
Zhablc
Zhablt
Zhel
Z hdlt (u )
Z he /pl
Zhabl
Z hablc
Z hdlt (u )
Zhablc
Z ha bl
Z ha bl
Zhabl
Zhabl
Zhabl
Zhdlt (u )
Z hdlt (u )
Z hdlt (u )
Z di
Zhablc
Z hdlt (u )
Zhablt-dcp
Zhim e /pl
Zhadlt (u )
Zhdlt (u )
Z hat (u )
Zhablt
Z hablt
Z hablc
Z hablc
Zhablc
Zhdlt (u )
Zhdlt (u )
Zhdlt (u )
Zhe*
Zhe*
Zhablc
Z hablc
Z he/pl
Z he/pl
Z he /pl
Zhe/pl
Z he/pl
Zhe/pl
Zhe/pl
Z him e/pl
Z him e/pl
Z him e/pl
Zhim e/pl
Zhim e/pl
Zhim e/pl
Zhim e/pl
Zhim e/pl
Zhim e/pl
Zhim e/pl
Zhe/pl
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Jd
Q al
Q al
Zhabl
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q al
Q a l
Q al
Q al
A
A'
U
D
U
D
Equa l Area Sc hmid t Net Pro jec tio ns
a nd Ro se Dia gra m
Plots and calcu lations created u sing S tereonet v. 8.6.0
based on Allm ending er et al. (2013) and
Cardozo and Allm ending er (2013)
E qu al Area S chm idt N et Projection of
Contou red Poles to Foliation and Cleavag e
Contou r Interval = 2 sig m a N = 544
E qu al Area S chm idt N et Projection of
Contou red Poles to Prim ary Bedding , L ayering ,
and W elding Com paction/Foliation
Contou r Interval = 2 sig m a N = 46
U nidirectional R ose Diag ram of Joints N = 447
O u ter Circle = 8%
M ean vector = 8.5 deg rees
M ax valu e = 7.6% between 331 deg rees and 340 deg rees
CO NTACTS, FAULTS AND O THER FEATURES
Zhabl
Jd
Jd
Bear
Creek
685'
0'
-1315'
-3315'
685'
0'
-1315'
-3315'
R ives Chapel
Chu rch R d.
Carolina
Hill R d. Rocky
River
N C Hwy 902
Dewitt
S m ith R d.
Pittsboro
G oldston
R d.
A A'
Q al Q al
Zdi
Zhabl Zhabl
Zhe/pl
Zhablc
Zhe/pl Zhe/pl
Zhablc Zhe/pl
Zhablc
Zhablc
Zhim e/pl
Zhime/pl Zhime/pl Zhime/pl
Zhime/pl Zhime/pl
Zhime/pl Zhime/pl
Neo p ro tero zo ic Meso zo ic Qua terna ry
a lluvium
d ia b a se
meta mo rp ho sed p luto nic ro c ks
c a . 613 a nd 614 Ma (W o rtma n et a l., 2000)
Meta mo rp hic Ro c ks
Hyc o Fo rma tio n - up p er memb er (info rma l)
meta mo rp ho sed vo lc a nic la stic sed imenta ry a nd
p yro c la stic ro c ks c a . 612 - 616 Ma (W o rtma n et a l.,
2000; Bo wma n, 2010; a nd Bra d ley a nd Miller, 2011)
Stra tigra p hic rela tio ns unc erta in
Zhqdp
Jd
Zdi
Q al
Zhel
Zhe*
Zhabl
Zhablt Zhe/pl
Zhablc
Zhat (u )
Zhdlt (u )
Zhim e/pl
Zhadlt (u )
Zhablt-dcp
cross section scale - 1:24 000
no vertical exag g eration
Base m ap is from U S G S 2013 G eoPDF of the S iler City N E 7.5-m inu te qu adrang le.
Air photo, m ap collar and select featu res rem oved. Bou nds of G eoPDF based on
7.5-m inu te g rid projection in U T M 17S ; N orth Am erican Datu m of 1983 (N AD83).
Pre-M esozoic crystalline rocks in the S iler City N ortheast Q u adrang le are part of the redefined Hyco Arc (Hibbard et al., 2013) within the N eoproterozoic to
Cam brian Carolina terrane (Hibbard et al., 2002; and Hibbard et al., 2006). In the reg ion of the m ap area, the Carolina terrane can be separated into two
lithotectonic u nits: 1) the Hyco Arc and 2) the Aaron Form ation of the redefined Virg ilina sequ ence (Hibbard et al., 2013). T he Hyco Arc consists of the
Hyco Form ation which inclu de ca. 612 to 633 M a (W ortm an et al., 2000; Bowm an, 2010; Bradley and M iller, 2011) m etam orphosed layered volcaniclastic
rocks and plu tonic rocks. Available ag e dates (W ortm an et al., 2000; Bradley and M iller, 2011) indicate the Hyco Form ation m ay be divided into lower (ca.
630 M a) and u pper (ca. 615 M a) m em bers (inform al) with an apparent intervening hiatu s of m ag m atism . In northeastern Chatham Cou nty, Hyco Form ation
u nits are intru ded by the ca. 579 M a (T adlock and L oewy, 2006) E ast Farring ton plu ton and associated W est Farring ton plu ton. T he Aaron Form ation (not
present in the m ap area) consists of m etam orphosed layered volcaniclastic rocks with you ng est detrital zircons of ca. 578 and 588 M a (S am son et al., 2001
and Pollock, 2007, respectively).
T he Hyco Arc and V irg ilina Form ation litholog ies were folded and su bjected to low g rade m etam orphism du ring the ca. 578 to 554 M a (Pollock, 2007)
Virg ilina deform ation (G lover and S inha, 1973; Harris and G lover, 1985; Harris and G lover, 1988; and Hibbard and S am son, 1995). In the m ap area,
prim ary layering of Hyco Form ation litholog ies is interpreted to rang e from shallowly to steeply dipping du e to open to isoclinal folds that are locally
overtu rned to the sou theast.
M ap u nits of m etavolcanic and m etavolcaniclastic rocks inclu de variou s litholog ies that when g rou ped tog ether are interpreted to indicate g eneral
environm ents of deposition. T he dacitic lavas and tu ffs u nit (Zhdlt) is interpreted to represent dacitic dom es and proxim al pyroclastics. T he andesitic to
basaltic lavas (with tu ffs or cong lom erates) u nits (Zhabl, Zhablt and Zhablc) are interpreted to represent eru ption of interm ediate to m afic lava flows and
associated pyroclastic and/or epiclastic deposits. T he epiclastic/pyroclastic (Zhe/pl and Zhim e/pl) u nits are interpreted to represent deposition from the
erosion of dorm ant and active volcanic hig hlands. S om e of the m etavolcaniclastic u nits within the m ap area display litholog ic relationships sim ilar to dated
u nits present in northern O rang e and Du rham Cou nties. Du e to these sim ilarities, the m etavolcanic and m etavolcaniclastic u nits have been tentatively
separated into u pper and lower portions of the Hyco Form ation; g eochronolog ic data in the m ap area are needed to confirm this interpretation.
T he m ap area is located im m ediately north of the stu dy area of G reen et al. (1982), Abdelzahir (1978), and G reen (1977). T heir stu dies docu m ented the
presence of an overlapping series of m etavolcanic and m etavolcaniclastic litholog ies sou rced from distinct areas. T he S iler City N ortheast area is the
sou rce area for a portion of the litholog ies identified in their stu dies. T he sou thern portion of the qu adrang le inclu des litholog ies correlative to G reen et al.
(1982) u nits A and B.
Abu ndant evidence of brittle fau lting at the ou tcrop scale as well as larg e-scale lineam ents (as interpreted from hillshade L iDAR data) are present in the
m ap area. T he brittle fau lting and lineam ents are interpreted to be associated with M esozoic extension. T he Colon cross-stru ctu re (R einem u nd, 1955),
located im m ediately sou theast of the S iler City N ortheast Q u adrang le, is a constriction zone in the Deep R iver M esozoic basin and is characterized by
crystalline rocks overprinted by com plex brittle fau lting . Dikes of Ju rassic diabase intru de the crystalline rocks of the m ap area. Q u aternary allu viu m is
present in m ost m ajor drainag es.
All pre-M esozoic rocks in the m ap area have been m etam orphosed to at least the chlorite zone of the g reenschist m etam orphic facies. M any of the rocks
display a weak to strong m etam orphic foliation. Althou g h su bjected to m etam orphism , the rocks retain relict ig neou s, pyroclastic, and sedim entary textu res
and stru ctu res that allow for the identification of protolith rocks. As su ch, the prefix “m eta” is not inclu ded in the nom enclatu re of the pre-M esozoic rocks
described in the qu adrang le. Ju rassic diabase dikes are u nm etam orphosed.
T he nom enclatu re of the International U nion of G eolog ical S ciences su bcom m ission on ig neou s and volcanic rocks (IU G S ) after L e M aitre (2002) is u sed in
classification and nam ing of the u nits. T he classification and nam ing of the rocks is based on relict ig neou s textu res, m odal m ineral assem blag es, or
norm alized m ineral assem blag es when whole-rock g eochem ical data are available. Pyroclastic rock term inolog y follows that of Fisher and S chm inke
(1984).
Sed imenta ry Units
Qa l – Alluvium:U nconsolidated poorly sorted and stratified deposits of ang u lar to su brou nded clay, silt, sand and g ravel- to cobble-sized clasts, in stream
drainag es. M ay inclu de point bars, terraces and natu ral levees along larg er stream floodplains. S tru ctu ral m easu rem ents depicted on the m ap within Q al
represent ou tcrops of crystalline rock inliers su rrou nded by allu viu m .
Intrusive a nd Meta intrusive Units
Jd – Dia b a se:Black to g reenish-black, fine- to m ediu m -g rained; dense, consists prim arily of plag ioclase, au g ite and locally olivine. O ccu rs as dikes u p to
100 ft wide. Diabase typically occu rs as spheriodally weathered bou lders with a g rayish-brown weathering rind. R ed station location indicates ou tcrop or
bou lders of diabase.
Zhqd p - Qua rtz d a c ite p o rp hyry:M icro-g ranitic to porphyritic with aphanitic g rou ndm ass and su b- to eu hedral phenocrysts (2-6 m m ) of white to salm on
plag ioclase and g ray to dark g ray (beta-) qu artz; phenocrysts typically constitu te 20 to 25% of the rock. M ay locally have fine-g rained intru sive textu re.
Interpreted as either lava flows or shallow intru sives possibly associated with dom es. Present as bou lders in the northeast of qu adrang le and as a less than
6 inch wide dike at one station. S im ilar to qu artz dacite porphyry u nit within the Bynu m Q u adrang le (Bradley et al., 2013).
Zd i – Dio rite: M esocratic (CI~50), g reenish-g ray to g rayish-g reen, fine- to m ediu m -g rained, hypidiom orphic g ranu lar diorite. M ajor m inerals inclu de
plag ioclase and am phibole. Plag ioclase crystals are typically sericitized and sau ssu ritized. Am phiboles are typically altered to chlorite and actinolite
m asses.
Meta vo lc a nic a nd Meta vo lc a nic la stic Units
Hyc o Fo rma tio n - Up p er Po rtio n
Zha t (u) – Altered tuffs: Very lig ht g ray to lig ht g reenish g ray (whitish in areas) with red and yellow m ottling , altered volcaniclastic rocks. Alteration
consists of silicified, sericitized and pyrophyllitized rock. S ericite phyllite, pods of pyrophyllite, and qu artz + phyrophyllite rock all with less than 1 m m to 2
m m diam eter weathered su lfides are com m on. R elict lithic clasts and kaolinitized feldspar crystal shards are visible in som e exposu res. R elict stru ctu res
are obliterated in heavily altered rocks. M ap area contains bou lders (u p to several feet in diam eter) and ou tcrop of m assive m ilky qu artz and qu artz +
sericite rock.
Zhe* - Ep ic la stic ro c ks o f the So uthern Cha tha m Co unty a rea : G rayish-g reen to g reen, locally with distinctive reddish-g ray or m aroon to lavender
coloration, siltstones, sandstones, cong lom eratic sandstone, and cong lom eratic siltstone (g raywacke). S iltstones are locally phyllitic. S iltstones typically
display bedding rang ing from m m -scale u p to 10 cm , bedding layers traceable for several feet locally, m ay exhibit soft sedim ent deform ation. L ocally
tu ffaceou s with a relict vitric textu re. L ocally contain interbedded interm ediate to m afic lavas. Cong lom erates and cong lom eratic sandstones typically
contain rou nded to ang u lar clasts. Deposition interpreted as distal from volcanic center. M ay be correlative to G reen et al. (1982) u nit B – Felsic G raywacke
U nit.
Zhel - Ep ic la stic ro c ks a nd la va s: Cong lom erate, cong lom eratic sandstone, sandstone, siltstone and m u dstone. S iltstones and m u dstones typically
display bedding rang ing from m m -scale u p to 10 cm , bedding layers traceable for several feet locally, m ay exhibit soft sedim ent deform ation. L ocally
tu ffaceou s with a relict vitric textu re. L ocally contain interbedded dacitic to basaltic lavas. Cong lom erates and cong lom eratic sandstones typically contain
su brou nded to ang u lar clasts of dacite in a clastic m atrix. Deposition interpreted as distal from volcanic center, in deep water(?), and via tu rbidite flows.
Zhime/p l - Mixed intermed ia te to ma fic ep ic la stic -p yro c la stic ro c ks with interla yered intermed ia te to ma fic la va s:G rayish-g reen to g reen, locally
with distinctive reddish-g ray or m aroon to lavender coloration; cong lom erate, cong lom eratic sandstone, sandstone, siltstone and m u dstone. L itholog ies are
locally bedded; locally tu ffaceou s with a cryptocrystalline-like g rou ndm ass. S iltstones are locally phyllitic. L ocally contain interbedded interm ediate to m afic
lavas identical to Zhablt, Zhabl, and Zhablc u nits. Contains lesser am ou nts of fine- to coarse tu ff and lapilli tu ff with a cryptocrystalline-like g rou ndm ass.
Pyroclastics, lavas, and epiclastics are m ainly interm ediate to m afic in com position. M inor dacitic lavas and tu ffs present. S ilicified and/or sericitized altered
rock sim ilar to Zhat u nit are locally present. Cong lom erates and cong lom eratic sandstones typically contain su brou nded to ang u lar clasts of andesite and
basalt in a clastic m atrix. G enerally interpreted to have been deposited proxim al to active interm ediate to m afic com position volcanic centers and/or record
the erosion of proxim al interm ediate to m afic com position volcanic centers after cessation of active volcanism . M ay be related to G reen et al. (1982) u nit C
– Interm ediate to M afic Volcanics and G raywacke.
Zhe/p l - Mixed ep ic la stic -p yro c la stic ro c ks with interla yered d a c itic la va s: G rayish-g reen to g reenish-g ray, locally with distinctive reddish-g ray or
m aroon to lavender coloration; cong lom erate, cong lom eratic sandstone, sandstone, siltstone and m u dstone. L itholog ies are locally bedded; locally
tu ffaceou s with a cryptocrystalline-like g rou ndm ass. S iltstones are locally phyllitic. L ocally contain interbedded dacitic lavas identical to Zhdlt u nit.
Contains lesser am ou nts of fine- to coarse tu ff and lapilli tu ff with a cryptocrystalline-like g rou ndm ass. Pyroclastics, lavas, and epiclastics are m ainly felsic
in com position. M inor andesitic to basaltic lavas and tu ffs present. S ilicified and/or sericitized altered rock sim ilar to Zhat u nit are locally present.
Cong lom erates and cong lom eratic sandstones typically contain su brou nded to ang u lar clasts of dacite in a clastic m atrix. Portions of the Zhe/pl u nit are
interpreted to have been deposited proxim al to active volcanic centers represented by the Zhdlt u nit bu t are also interpreted to record the erosion of
proxim al volcanic centers after cessation of active volcanism . M ay be correlative to G reen et al. (1982) u nit A – L ower Felsic Volcanics.
Zhd lt (u) – Da c itic la va s a nd tuffs o f the up p er p o rtio n o f the Hyc o Fo rma tio n:G reenish-g ray to dark g ray, siliceou s, aphanitic dacite, porphyritic
dacite with plag ioclase phenocrysts, and flow banded dacite. Dacite with hyaloclastic textu res is com m on. W elded and non-welded tu ffs associated with the
lavas inclu de: g reenish-g ray to g rayish-g reen, fine tu ff, coarse plag ioclase crystal tu ff and lapilli tu ff. L ocally, interlayers of im m atu re cong lom erate and
cong lom eratic sandstone with abu ndant dacite clasts are present. T he dacites are interpreted to have been coherent extru sives or very shallow intru sions
associated with dom e form ation. T he tu ffs are interpreted as episodic pyroclastic flow deposits, air fall tu ffs or reworked tu ffs g enerated du ring form ation of
dacite dom es. T he u nit occu rs as m ap scale pods su rrou nded by clastic rocks of Zhe/pl u nit. W ortm an et al. (2000) report a 615.7+3.7/-1.9 M a U -Pb zircon
date for a dacitic tu ff from the u nit in the R ou g em ont qu adrang le.
Zha d lt (u) – And esitic to d a c itic la va s a nd tuffs o f the up p er p o rtio n o f the Hyc o Fo rma tio n: Black to dark g ray, g ray-g reen to g reen; aphanitic
andesite to dacite and porphyritic andesite to dacite with plag ioclase phenocrysts. Hyaloclastic textu res are com m on. Interlayered with the lavas are g ray to
black, welded and non-welded, coarse tu ff, lapilli tu ff, and tu ff breccia. R ocks interpreted as andesites have distinct interior weathering rind of lig ht brown to
g ray and fresh su rfaces exhibit non-vitric like textu res in contrast to dacites.
Zha b lt – And esitic to b a sa ltic la va s a nd tuffs:G reen, g ray-g reen, g ray, dark g ray and black; typically u nfoliated, am yg daloidal, plag ioclase porphyritic,
am phibole/pyroxene porphyritic and aphanitic; andesitic to basaltic lavas and shallow intru sions. Hyaloclastic textu re is com m on and im parts a frag m ental
textu re sim ilar to a lithic tu ff on som e ou tcrops. L ocally interlayered with pyroclastic rocks and m etasedim entary rocks identical to the Zhe/pl and Zhim e/pl
u nits.
Zha b l - And esitic to b a sa ltic la va s: G reen, g ray-g reen, g ray, dark g ray and black; typically u nfoliated, am yg daloidal, plag ioclase porphyritic,
am phibole/pyroxene porphyritic and aphanitic, andesitic to basaltic lavas and shallow intru sions. Hyaloclastic textu re is com m on and im parts a frag m ental
textu re on som e ou tcrops and bou lders. Cong lom eratic rocks containing ang u lar clasts of andesite and/or basalt occu r locally and are interpreted as
resedim ented hyaloclastite.
Zha b lc - And esitic to b a sa ltic la va s a nd c o nglo mera te:G reen, g ray-g reen, g ray, dark g ray and black; typically u nfoliated, am yg daloidal, plag ioclase
porphyritic, am phibole/pyroxene porphyritic and aphanitic; andesitic to basaltic lavas and shallow intru sions. Hyaloclastic textu re is com m on and im parts a
frag m ental textu re on som e ou tcrops and float bou lders. Interlayers of cong lom eratic rocks containing ang u lar clasts of andesite and/or basalt are com m on
and are interpreted as resedim ented hyaloclastite. L ocally interlayered with pyroclastic rocks and m etasedim entary rocks identical to the Zhim e/pl u nits.
Zha b lt-d c p – And esite to b a sa lt p o rp hyry o f the Dry Creek a rea :Distinctive, g reen to dark g reen, andesite porphyry with aphanitic g rou ndm ass and
eu hedral phenocrysts (u p to 10 m m ) of g reenish-white plag ioclase; phenocrysts typically constitu te 20 to 50% of the rock; local alig nm ent of plag ioclase;
lesser pyroxene/am phibole phenocrysts. G reen to dark g reen basalt porphyry with abu ndant pyroxene (altered to am phibole) phenocrysts with m inor
plag ioclase phenocrysts. Andesite and basalt porphyries locally am yg daloidal (u p to 2 cm ), am yg du les inclu de calcite, qu artz, chlorite, and epidote. S am e
as Dry Creek Porphyry com plex of Hau ck (1977).
R eferences:
Abdelzahir, A.M ., 1978, T he g eolog y of the Carolina slate belt, northern M oore Cou nty, N orth Carolina, u npu blished M .S . thesis,
N orth Carolina S tate U niversity, R aleig h, N orth Carolina, 67 p.
Allm ending er, R . W ., Cardozo, N . C., and Fisher, D., 2012, S tru ctu ral G eolog y Alg orithm s: Vectors & T ensors: Cam bridg e,
E ng land, Cam bridg e U niversity Press, 289 pp.
Bowm an, J.D., 2010, T he Aaron Form ation: E vidence for a N ew L ithotectonic U nit in Carolinia, N orth Central N orth Carolina,
u npu blished m asters thesis, N orth Carolina S tate U niversity, R aleig h, N orth Carolina, 116 p.
Bradley, P.J., and M iller, B.V., 2011, N ew g eolog ic m apping and ag e constraints in the Hyco Arc of the Carolina terrane in
O rang e Cou nty, N orth Carolina: G eolog ical S ociety of Am erica Abstracts with Prog ram s, Vol. 43, N o. 2.
Bradley, P.J., Hanna, H.D., S toddard E .F., and Bechtel, R ., 2013, G eolog ic m ap of the Bynu m 7.5-m inu te qu adrang le, O rang e,
Chatham and Alam ance Cou nties, N orth Carolina: N orth Carolina G eolog ical S u rvey O pen-file R eport 2013-03, scale 1:24,000,
in color. (su persedes N CG S O FR 2011-07)
Cardozo, N ., and Allm ending er, R . W ., 2013, S pherical projections with O S X S tereonet: Com pu ters & G eosciences, v. 51, no. 0,
p. 193 - 205, doi: 10.1016/j.cag eo.2012.07.021.
Carpenter, P. Albert III., 1976 (reprinted 1993), M etallic m ineral deposits of the Carolina S late, N orth Carolina G eolog ical
S u rvey, Bu lletin 84, 89p.
Fisher, R .V., and S chm incke H.-U ., 1984, Pyroclastic rocks, Berlin, W est G erm any, S pring er-Verlag , 472 p.
G lover, L ., and S inha, A., 1973, T he Virg ilina deform ation, a late Precam brian to E arly Cam brian (?) orog enic event in the
central Piedm ont of V irg inia and N orth Carolina, Am erican Jou rnal of S cience, Cooper v. 273-A, pp. 234-251.
G reen, G ., 1977, T he g eolog y of the slate belt rocks of the G oldston and Bear Creek qu adrang les, N orth Carolina, u npu blished
M .S . thesis, N orth Carolina S tate U niversity, R aleig h, N orth Carolina, 68 p.
G reen, G ., Cavaroc, V., S toddard, E ., Abdelzahir, A., 1982, Volcanic and volcaniclastic facies in a part of the slate belt of N orth
Carolina, In: Bearce, D., Black, W ., Kish, S ., T u ll, J. (E ds.), T ectonic stu dies in the T alladeg a and Carolina slate belts, S ou thern
Appalachian O rog en. G eolog ical S ociety of Am erica S pecial Paper, vol. 191, pp.109– 124.
Harris, C., and G lover, L ., 1985, T he Virg ilina deform ation: im plications of stratig raphic correlation in the Carolina slate belt,
Carolina G eolog ical S ociety field trip g u idebook, 36 p.
Harris, C., and G lover, 1988, T he reg ional extent of the ca. 600 M a V irg ilina deform ation: im plications of stratig raphic correlation
in the Carolina terrane, G eolog ical S ociety of Am erica Bu lletin, v. 100, pp. 200-217.
Hau ck, S .A., 1977, G eolog y and petrolog y of the northwest qu arter of the Bynu m qu adrang le, Carolina slate belt, N orth
Carolina, u npu blished M .S . thesis, U niversity of N orth Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N orth Carolina, 146 p.
Hibbard, J., and S am son, S ., 1995, O rog enesis exotic to the Iapetan cycle in the sou thern Appalachians, In, Hibbard, J., van
S taal, C., Cawood, P. editors, Cu rrent Perspectives in the Appalachian– Caledonian O rog en. G eolog ical Association of Canada
S pecial Paper, v. 41, pp. 191–205.
Hibbard, J., S toddard, E .F., S ecor, D., Jr., and Dennis, A., 2002, T he Carolina Zone: O verview of N eoproterozoic to early
Paleozoic peri-G ondwanan terranes along the eastern flank of the sou thern Appalachians: E arth S cience R eviews, v. 57, n. 3/4,
p. 299-339.
Hibbard, J. P., van S taal, C. R ., R ankin, D. W ., and W illiam s, H., 2006, L ithotectonic m ap of the Appalachian O rog en, Canada-
U nited S tates of Am erica, G eolog ical S u rvey of Canada, M ap-2096A. 1:1,500,000-scale.
Hibbard, J.P., Pollock, J.C., and Bradley, P.J., 2013, O ne arc, two arcs, old arc, new arc: An overview of the Carolina terrane in
central N orth Carolina, Carolina G eolog ical S ociety field trip g u idebook, 265 p.
L e M aitre, R .W ., E d., 2002, Ig neou s R ocks: A Classification and G lossary of T erm s: R ecom m endations of the International
U nion of G eolog ical S ciences (IU G S ) S u bcom m ission on the S ystem atics of Ig neou s R ocks: Cam bridg e, Cam bridg e U niversity
Press, 252 p.
Pollock, J. C., 2007, T he N eoproterozoic-E arly Paleozoic tectonic evolu tion of the peri-G ondwanan m arg in of the Appalachian
orog en: an integ rated g eochronolog ical, g eochem ical and isotopic stu dy from N orth Carolina and N ewfou ndland. U npu blished
PhD dissertation, N orth Carolina S tate U niversity, R aleig h, N orth Carolina, 194 p.
R einem u nd, J.A., 1955, G eolog y of the Deep R iver coal field, N orth Carolina: U .S . G eol. S u rvey Prof. Paper 246, 159 p.
S am son, S .D., S ecor, D.T , and Ham ilton, M .A., 2001, W andering Carolina: T racking exotic terranes with detrital Zircons, G S A
Abstracts with Prog ram s Vol. 33, N o. 6, p. A-263
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O rang e and Du rham Cou nties, Carolina T errane, N orth Carolina, Carolina G eolog ical S ociety Field T rip G u idebook, pp. 17-21.
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Carolina terrane, Jou rnal of G eolog y, v. 108, pp. 321-338.
PRO SPECTS AND QUARRIES
L itholog ic contacts - Distribu tion and concentration of stru ctu ral sym bols indicates deg ree of reliability.
PLANAR FEATURES
(For m u ltiple observations at one locality, sym bols are joined at the "tail" ends of the strike lines)
S trike and dip of cataclastic cleavag e
interpreted as a resu lt of brittle deform ation
S trike and dip of cleavag e (m u ltiple observations at one location)
S trike and dip of cleavag e
(m u ltiple observations at one location)
S trike and dip of prim ary volcanic
com paction and/or welding foliation
S trike and dip of inclined joint su rface
S trike and dip of inclined joint su rface
(m u ltiple observations at one location)
S trike of vertical joint su rface
S trike of vertical joint su rface
(m u ltiple observations at one location)
S trike and dip of prim ary bedding and/or layering
S trike and dip of prim ary bedding and/or layering
(m u ltiple observations at one location)
S trike of vertical reg ional foliation
S trike and dip of inclined reg ional foliation
(m u ltiple observations at one location)
S trike and dip of inclined reg ional foliation
65
73
62
81
76
75
88
69
84
79
26
74
56
74
Prospect (pit or sm all open cu t)
Abandoned qu arry
1 G raham copper prospect - abandoned (Carpenter, 1976)
2 Prospect pit (copper) - abandoned (U S G S - M R DS database)
3 Prospect pit (com m odity u nknown) - abandoned
5 Prospect pit (com m odity u nknown) - abandoned
6 Prospect pit (com m odity u nknown) - abandoned
4 Q u arry - abandoned
Hillshade derived from a 20 foot L iDAR dig ital elevation
m odel. R ed and blu e lines show paths of field traverses.
by car
by foot
In cross section, fold form lines
In cross section, inferred axial trace
of larg e-scale fold
S tation location
Diabase station location
S tation location with conspicu ou s am ou nts
of qu artz cobbles and/or bou lders
Q u artz dacite porphyry bou lders
Q al contact
Inferred diabase dike;
dotted where concealed.
Inferred brittle fau lt;
dotted where concealed
L inear g eom orphic featu re interpreted
from hillshade L iDAR - orig in u ncertain
Interpreted fold hing e of larg e-scale anticline;
qu estion m ark where existence is qu estionable;
dotted where concealed; arrow indicates
direction of plu ng e
Inferred contact
G radational contact - inferred
Concealed contact
In cross section,
g radational contact - inferred
Interpreted fold hing e of larg e-scale syncline;
qu estion m ark where existence is qu estionable;
dotted where concealed; arrow indicates
direction of plu ng e
A A'Cross section line
CO RRELATIO N
O F MAP UNITS
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Zhabl
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Zhe/pl
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Zhim e/pl
Jd
Q al
Zhqdp
N orth Carolina Departm ent of E nvironm ent and N atu ral R esou rces
Divsion of E nerg y, M ineral, and L and R esou rces
T racy E . Davis, Division Director
Kenneth B. T aylor, S tate G eolog ist
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