Biennial report of the State's Prison

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UNIVERSITY OF
NORTH CAROLINA
THE COLLECTION OF
NORTH CAROLINIANA
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UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL
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NINETEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
THE STATE HIGHWAY
AND
PUBLIC WORKS COMMISSION
PRISON DEPARTMENT
Raleigh, North Carolina
FOR THE BIENNIUM 1950-1952
PRINTED BY
STATE PRISON PRINTERY
Raleigh, North Carolina
\^JS^-
January 1, 1953
Dr. H. W. Jordan, Chairman
State Highway & Public Works Commission
Raleigh, North Carolina
Dear Dr. Jordan:
Transmitted herewith is the biennial report of the
Prison Department of the State Highway and Public Works Com-mission
for the fiscal years 1950-1951 and 1951-1952, containing
statistical data and detailed information of the Prison Department.
Respectfully submitted,
Walter F. Anderson,
Director of Prisons
PRISON DEPARTMENT
Walter F. Anderson
Director of Prisons
Robert A. Allen
Blaine M. Madison
Assistant Directors
Carl W. Galloway
Assistant to the Director oi Prisons
and
Prison Personnel Officer
PRISON SUPERVISORS
C. O. Benfield
W. H. Haywood
J. R. Hooks
P. E. Mallison
Hoyt B. Nichols
Kenneth B. Bailey
Warden, Central Prison
Ralph D. Edwards
Manager, Caledonia Farm
Duke B. Paris
Charles L. Proffitt
Fred Ross
R. L. Turner
C. B. Wicker
Miss Ronie Sheffield
Supt., Women's Prison
W. F. Moody
Maintenance Engineer
State Highway
AM)
Public Works Commission
Dr. H. W. Jordan, Chairman
H. G. Shelton George S. Coble
W. Guy Hargett M. Otis Poole
A. Wilbur Clark Paul T. Taylor
Dr. R. E. Earp Joseph Graham
James A. Barnwell L. Dale Thrash
W. H. Rogers, Jr.
State Highway Engineer
R. Brookes Peters, Jr.
General Counsel
FOREWORD
This report, authorized by and compiled for the General
Assemby of North Carolina, summarizes statistical data and oper-ations
of the Prison Department. It does not include audits, which
are covered in the biennial report of the State Highway and Public
Works Commission, copies of which may be obtained by writing
The Auditor, State Highway and Public Works Commission, Raleigh,
North Carolina.
Significant Changes in the Prison Department from 1950-52
I—CHANGES IN DIRECTORS
Mr. J. B. Moore, who was Director of Prisons during the fiscal
year 1949-50, resigned, and Mr. John M. Gold was appointed
Director on August 15, 1950.
Mr. Gold used as his guide, and placed in operation some of
the recommendations made by Dr. Austin MacCormick and em-ployed
Dr. J. B. Whittington to make a thorough study of the
medical service in the Prison Department.
Mr. Gold resigned to become City Manager of Winston-Salem,
N. C. and on August 1, 1951, Mr. Walter F. Anderson was appointed
Director of Prisons.
Mr. Anderson took up the program where Mr. Gold left off and
has developed a program which embodies most of the MacCormick
recommendations, with the valuable assistance of the Prison
Advisory Council.
II—CHANGES IN PRISON LABOR COSTS
In September, 1950, the State Highway and Public Works Com-mission
raised allowance per man day for prison labor from $2.75
to $3.00; the additional monies were to be used to supplement the
Youth Camp program, to expand Prison Industries and make other
needed improvements. On October 1, 1952 the rate per man day
for prison labor was increased from $3.00 per man day to $3.50
per man day to take care of the change from a 5 14 to a 5 day work
week for State Highway and Public Works Commission Personnel.
In the above change, the Prison Department sustained a financial
loss of approximately $116,653.69, therefore the State Highway and
Public Works Commission again raised the allowance for prison
labor, effective December 1, 1952, from $3.50 to $3.60 per man day
to take care of this loss, which left the Prison Department in approx-imately
the same financial position it was in before changing from
the 5 1/-> day work week, the weekly pay per prisoner being $18.00
per week.
Ill—THE REHABILITATION PROGRAM
While there is no unanimous agreement as to which should be
placed first, the payment for one's crime or rehabilitative training
toward civil life, the importance of the latter has been recognized.
Among the initial steps in North Carolina was the Session Laws
of 1947, authorizing and directing the Segregation of Youthful Of-fenders
(G.S. 15-210 et seq.). Again in the Session Laws of 1949
the General Assembly authorized and empowered the State Hos-pital
Board of Controls to convert the Prisoner of War Camp at
Butner into a modern prison camp for 100 youthful and first term
prisoners (G.S. 148-49.1 et seq.).
There are now four youth camps in the North Carolina Prison
System: the Albemarle Camp, Stanly County Camp, the Gates
County Camp and the Beaufort County Camp.
On December 1, 1952, at Raleigh, North Carolina, where max-imum
rehabilitative facilities were available, the second Youth
Rehabilitation Camp was set up; its objective was to parallel the
Butner Youth Program giving colored youths the maximum
experiences toward rehabilitation.
The Rehabilitation and Training Program now includes six of
the major services in the Prison Department. These include Clas-sification,
Education, Consolidated Records, Religious and Moral
Training, Medical Services and Recreation. A professionally trained
and well qualified person serves as administrative supervisor of
each of these divisions.
The division of Classification, Education and Recreation have
recently been activated. In classification we have a psychologist
who serves as head of the Division and is an important member
of the Classification Board. Our Classification service has developed
a program of individualized study of prisoners. This service utilizes
information secured as a basis for retraining and rehabilitation of
the prisoner. The program seeks to promote a better understanding
of the prisoner as an individual, to assure proper assignment, to
assist the prisoner to better adjust in the total prison program, and
to coordinate the efforts of all prison officials in their rehabilitative
work. The Prison Classification Board meets twice each month to
study and recommend a treatment program for prisoners who have
acute problems. A special Classification Panel meets twice each
week to study and make assignments of all new admissions to
Central Prison.
The Education division develops, coordinates and supervises the
educational experiences in the Prison Department to meet the
training and rehabilitation needs of the prisoners. The educational
program is seeking to give prisoners certain general educational
opportunities and as much training in vocational activities as is
consistent with sound prison administration. Use is being made of
the test results to determine placement of prisoners in training
experiences compatible with their aptitudes and interests.
The Recreation Division has been activated with a well trained
supervisor in charge of the program. This division is responsible
for the organization and supervision of a recreational program in
the institutions and camps. The purpose of the recreational program
is to promote the worthy use of free time, the building and main-taining
of morale, the opportunity for group participation in play,
the opportunity for expression of choice and the therapeutic value
of appropriate recreation for convalescents.
The Rehabilitation and Training Program is seeking to coordinate
all prison services that can be used for the purpose of reclaiming
and retraining offenders against the law.
IV—SIGNIFICANT STUDIES OF THE NORTH CAROLINA PRISON
SYSTEM—
MacCormick Report—One of the first acts of the Prison Advisory
Council, together with the North Carolina Conference For Social
Service, was to obtain the help of the State Highway and Public
Works Commission in getting an experienced penologist to make
an impartial survey of the North Carolina Prison System.
Dr. Austin H. MacCormick made this investigation in early 1950,
submitting his report to the Prison Advisory Council and the State
Highway Commission on June 7, 1950.
A summary of his recommendations may be seen in the report
of the Prison Advisory Council just rendered.
Many of his recommendations have been accepted and are
now in practice; the rehabilitation program and some other needed
changes are well under way.
Whittington Report—One of the recommendations of Dr. Mac-
Cormick was for a survey of the Prison Department Medical Program
and a survey of medical services in the Road Camps. Dr. J. B.
Whittington, M.D., of the Hospital Survey and Consultation Service
was called in and completed this work by July 1951, at which time
his report was submitted to the Director of Prisons.
V—CHANGES IN PRISON DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL AND JOB
CLASSIFICATION
Positions in the Prison Department were classified by the State
Personnel Department as of October 1, 1950. This classification
established a relationship of one job to another and a uniformity
in pay for comparable work.
This classification and the change in the philosophy of operation
of the Prison System is paying off in more job security and less
personnel turnover.
The turn over in prison guards is large because of the long hours
and present salary schedule. Over a period of time this turn over
can be reduced through salary adjustment and better working hours.
The table of organization for the Prison Department follows:
TABLE OF ORGANIZATION
COST OF OPERATIONS:
The cost of operation of the Prison Department for the last Bien-nium
has approximated very closely, changes in the cost of living
as is best reflected in the per capita cost per prisoner per day for
maintenance and support.
For the prisoner population average of 9,013 for the year 1950-51
the per capita cost per prisoner per day was $1.9262. By including
administrative and overhead charges of $.1191 per prisoner per day,
the per capita cost is raised to $2.0453. It is to be understood that
the latter cost does not include profit or loss resulting from Prison
Industries and farming operations.
For the prison population average of 9,153 for the year 1951-52
the average per capita cost per prisoner per day for maintenance
and support was $2.0904. By including the $.1259 per prisoner per
day for administration and overhead charges, the per capita cost
per prisoner per day is raised to $2.2163. It should again be noted
that the last figure does not reflect profits or losses resulting from
the operation of Prison Industries and Farms.
A detailed statement showing the cost of operations is included
in the audit of the accounts of the State Highway and Public Works
Commission which was prepared by the State Auditor's office.
A summary statement of operations may be seen below:
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS
PRISON INDUSTRIES
The North Carolina Prison Department is now operating an
industrial system of seven industries which are set up with separate
operating Budgets. This is in addition to the sewing room at Women's
Prison, Laundries distributed over the State and five canneries which
run only during canning seasons.
These industries serve the dual purpose of bringing some financial
return, and providing vocational training to prisoners which will
have some carry over into post-release life.
The latter purpose is receiving increasing importance in the new
rehabilitation program. This is especially true from the standpoint
of education and classification.
Products of Prison Industries in North Carolina are still on a
primarily State-use basis; rowever, sales to other State Depart-ments
compete with commercial products.
Since Prison Industries must be relied upon for financial return,
an operation statement for the biennium is presented below;
10
STATEMENT OF INDUSTRIES
THE FARM PROGRAM
The farming operation for 1950-52 has been isolated from the
Budget in order that it can be studied objectively.
To decrease the deficit and increase the efficiency of our farming
operations the following steps have been taken to
:
1. Establish a uniform inventory for all prison farms throughout
the state.
2. Survey the food needs of the Prison System as a whole and
encourage the growth of crops which will meet these needs,
as nearly as possible.
3. Instigate a soil testing program to follow the recommendations
of the N. C. Department of Agriculture.
4. Activate an extensive canning program which will meet the
needs of the Prison Department. This program was worked
out in cooperation with the Horticulture Department of N. C.
State College of Agriculture and Engineering in Raleigh.
5. Grow and transfer crop seeds which can be grown profitably
and are suited to the climates of North Carolina.
6. Grow horticultureal plants and transfer these plants to prison
farms less suited to plant propagation.
7. Encourage every Superintendent and Farm Foreman to main-tain
cost sheets on each farming operation, in an effort to
eliminate unprofitable ventures.
THE PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM
Since the State Highway and Public Works Commission made
allocations to the Prison Department in 1949 for the present oerma-nent
improvement program; a progress report is given through the
fiscal year 1951-52, covering a four year period. Work has either
been completed or is in progress to the extent of $1,560,685.21; this
cost does not include the cost of maintenance and repairs to the
Prison System.
CENTRAL PRISON
Projects Comvleted:
1. Cold Storage Rooms Insulated $ 22.508.37
2. New Central Heating Plant 121,343.82
3. Cold Storage Plant Remodeled 92,552.80
11
4. New Storage Warehouse 118,443.56
5. Repairing of Wiring, Sewerage, Barber Shop,
Water and Bonded Roof 44,290.87
Projects Under Construction.
1. Fire proofing offices and Guards Quarters 75,000.00
2. Carpenter Shop, Blacksmith Shop, Brush and
Broom Factory, Vocational Class-rooms and
Building, Machine Shop 100,000.00
TOTAL 574,139.42
WOMEN'S PRISON
Projects Completed:
1. Addition to Hospital 50.506.86
2. Kitchen and Dining Room Equipment 13,938.34
3. New Sewing Room 45,531.92
4. Farm Barn, Brooder House, Farm House, Re-modeling
of Equipment Shed 15,488.67
5. New Heating Plant and Steam Tunnel 114,000.00
6. Sewerage and Water Distribution System 18,800.00
Projects Under Construction:
1. Combined Auditorium, Gymnasium and Chapel 100,000.00
2. Two New Honor Cottages 170,000.00
3. New Administration Building 40,000.00
TOTAL 568,265.79
CALEDONIA PRISON FARM:
Projects Completed:
1. Farm Managers Home $ 8,420.80
2. Grain Elevator 39,470.00
Projects Under Construction:
1. New Electrical System 15,000.00
2. New Laundry 36,000.00
TOTAL 98,890.80
12
CAMP POLK
Projects Completed:
1. New Water Line from Hillsboro Street 29,000.00
2. New abattoir for Beef Cattle, Hogs and Chickens 3 6,000.00
TOTAL 65,000.00
PRISON CAMPS
Projects Completed:
1. New Camp in Polk County 73,832.76
2. Six Camps Rewired 10,200.00
3. New Quarters for McDowell County Guards 916.44
4. Prison Camp Laundries 75,000.00
Projects Under Construction:
1. Raleigh Youth Center (Negro) 45,000.00
2. Three (3) Central Heating Plants 18,440.00
3. Remodeling of Vocational Shops, including
Youth Camps 31,000.00
TOTAL 254,389.20
Two additional permanent improvements were made from the
prisoners' Recreation Fund at Central Prison in Raleigh at a cost
of $11,997.52. The first expenditure of $7,500.00 was used to air
condition the auditorium and the amount of $4,497.52 was used to
construct a waiting room for persons visiting the inmates.
13
DISTRIBUTION OF PRISONERS AS TO LOCATION AND PERCENTAGE
( BY MAN DAYS )
BIENNIAL ROAD CAMPS REPORT
FOR 1950-52
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TABLE NO. 2
SENTENCED TO ROADS
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO AGE AND OFFENSE
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1951
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TABLE NO. 3
SENTENCED TO ROADS RACE: NEGRO
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO OFFENSE AND RACE
MARITAL STATUS
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1952
Age
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TABLE NO. 3
SENTENCED TO ROADS RACE: NEGRO
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO AGE. RACE. MARITAL STATUS
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1951
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TABLE NO. 4
SENTENCED TO ROADS
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE
TO RACE AND EDUCATION
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1951
SHPWC
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TABLE NO. 5
SENTENCED TO ROADS
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO
RACE AND OCCUPATION
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1951
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TABLE NO. 5
SENTENCED TO ROADS
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO
RACE AND OCCUPATION
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1952
SHPWC
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Prison Department—Road Camps 25
TABLE NO. 6
SENTENCED TO ROADS
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO RACE AND EDUCATION
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1951
26 Biennial Report for 1950-51—1951-52
TABLE NO. 7
SENTENCED TO ROADS
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO COUNTY AND RACE
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1952
SHPWC
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Prison Department—Road Camps :>7
TABLE NO. 7 CONTINUED
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1952
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TABLE NO. 7
SENTENCED TO ROADS
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO COUNTY AND RACE
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1951
SHPWC
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Prison Department—Road Camps 29
TABLE NO. 7 CONTINUED
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1592
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TABLE NO. 8
SENTENCED TO ROADS
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO OFFENSE
AND NUMBER OF COMMITMENTS
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1951
SHPWC
—
Prison Department—Road Camps 31
TABLE NO. 9
SENTENCED TO ROADS
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO
AGE AND PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1951
First Offenders 4,571 Recidivists 8,250 TOTAL
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TABLE NO. 3
SENTENCED TO WOMEN'S AND CENTRAL PRISON
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YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1951
SHPWC
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Central Prison and Women's Prison 45
TABLE NO. 4
SENTENCED TO WOMEN'S AND CENTRAL PRISON
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO
RACE AND OCCUPATION
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1951
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TABLE NO 4
SENTENCED TO WOMEN'S AND CENTRAL PRISON
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO
RACE AND OCCUPATION
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1952
SHPWC
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Central Prison and Women's Prison 47
TABLE NO. 5
SENTENCED TO WOMEN'S AND CENTRAL PRISON
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO RACE AND EDUCATION
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1951
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TABLE NO. 5
SENTENCED TO WOMEN'S AND CENTRAL PRISON
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO COUNTY AND RACE
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1951
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Central Prison and Women's Prison 49
TABLE NO. 5 CONTINUED
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TABLE NO. 6
SENTENCED TO WOMEN'S AND CENTRAL PRISON
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO COUNTY AND RACE
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1952
SHPWC
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Central Prison and Women's Prison 51
TABLE NO. 6
SENTENCED TO WOMEN'S AND CENTRAL PRISON:
ADMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO COUNTY AND RACE
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1951
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