Biennial report North Carolina Department of Agriculture

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REPORT
of
TKe North Carolina
Department of Agriculture
FROM JULY 1, 1940
TO JUNE 30, 1942
REPORT
of
TKe North Carolina
Department of Ag^riculture
For the Biennium 1940-1942
TV. ^
Letter of Transmittal
To His Excellency, J. Melville Broughton,
Governo7' of North Carolina.
Sir:
In compliance with Chapter 248, Public Laws of 1929, I
submit the following report of the work of the Department of
Agriculture for the biennium 1940-1942.
Respectfully,
-TTTlMA^i^.^^^
Commissioner of Agriculture.
Raleigh, N. C.
November 1, 1942.
REPORT
OF
THE NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
FOR THE BIENNIUM 1940-1942
State Board of Agriculture
W. Kerr Scott, Commissioner
Ex-Officio Chairman
Raleigh, N. C.
L. Y. Ballentine .. ._ _ Varina
W. I. BissETTE - Grifton
L. L. BURGIN _ __ - - .Horse Shoe
Charles F. Gates -. —
-
_ Mebane
Claude T. Hall _ Woodsdale
W. G. Hargett __ Richlands
D. R. NOLAND Clyde
Miss Ethel Parker Gatesville
J. H. Poole .West End
Lionel Weil Goldsboro
PERSONNEL
OF THE
State Department of Agriculture
W. Kerr Scott, Commissioner
Administration
D. S. CoLTRANE Assistant to the Commissioner
A. R. PowLEDGE Chief Auditor
Louis H. Wilson Editor of Publications
Myrtha Fleming Principal General Clerk
May Davidson Senior Steyiographer Clerk
Jerrie Wheless - . Senior General Clerk
Robert Harris Janitor-Messenger
Worth Jeffries ....Janitor-Messenger
Elizabeth C. Rabb Junior General Clerk
Joseph A. Hunter Janitor-Messenger
Annie A. Braswell Senior Stenographer Clerk
Mary Frances Lee Junior Stenographer Clerk
Katherine PALMEai Senior Accounting Clerk
Carrie Dell McCall Junior General Clerk
Inspection
W. E. Fuller Junior Dairy Specialist
E. J. Harrington Junior Fertilizer Inspector
Charles H. Godwin, Jr. Senior Food Inspector
Martin McCall Senior Food Inspector
G. C. BOSWOOD Junior Fertilizer Inspector
Harvey McPhail Senior Feed and Seed hispector
Markets
R. B. Etheridge Chief
C. W. Sheffield Pnncipal Marketing Specialist
Paul L. Fletcher Principal Marketing Specialist
H. T. Westcott Senior Marketing Specialist
A. B. Harless Senior Marketing Specialist
W. P. Hedrick Senior Marketing Specialist
WiLLiARD Holden Darst Senior Marketing Specialist
Ralph Bogan Kelly Associate Marketing Specialist
Gladys Strawn Associate Marketing Specialist
Margaret C. Taylor Senior General Clerk
Mary C. Hutchinson Senior Stenograjjher Clerk
W. G. Jones Senior Telegraph Operator
Rebecca Merritt Senior Stenographer Clerk
Joe B. Gourlay Senior Marketing Sjiecialist
Carrie Mae Mann Junior Stenographer Clerk
Marketing Authority
Geo. R. Ross Principal Marketing Specialist
W. L. Adams Associate Marketing Specialist
Carl H. Tower Associate Ma'rketing Specialist
N. L. Ballance Senior Marketing Specialist
Celeste Triplett Senior Stenographer Clerk
D. S. Matheson Principal Marketing Specialist
T. L. Gwyn Pnndpal Marketing Specialist
6 Biennial Report
Dairy
C. W. PEX5RAM Dairy Specialist
J. V. Whitaker Senior Auditor
Lucille Thomas Stephens Junior Stenographer Clerk
Entomology
C. H. Brannon Senior Entomologist
J. A. Harris Senior Entomologist
C. S. Brimley Associate Entomologist
D. L. Wray Associate Entomologist
P. G. Craddock State Apiary Inspector
Pauline P. Newsom Senior Stenographer Clerk
John Boyce Riley Japanese Beetle-Inspector
Seed Laboratory
J. W. Woodside Senior Botanist
S. D. Allen Senior Seed Analyst
Elsie W. Earp Senior Seed Analyst
Elizabeth Fleming Senior Seed Analyst
C. H. Lutterloh Senior Feed Inspector
Joshua S. James Senior Feed Inspector
T. A. HoLCOMBE Senior Feed Inspector
Mabel V. ROBEatTS Junior Seed Analyst
Mks. Wm. M. Styles Junior Seed Analyst
Sallie Maurine Taylor Junior Stenographer Clerk
Analytical
B. W. Kilgore Senior Chemist
E. T. HoRD Senior Chemist
W. E. McNeill Senior Food Inspector
L. M. Nixon Senior Chemist
L. B. Rhodes Senior Chemist
H. D. Matheson Junior Chemist
W. P. Matthews Associate Chemist
Z. B. Bradford Senior Chemist
L. V. Amburgey Microscopist
David E. Buffalob Junior Chemist
H. F. Pickering Senior Chemist
Velva Hudson . Senior General Clerk
Heber B. Hatch Principal General Clerk
Robert L. Harris Laboratory Aid
Moses Lord '. ..Laboratory Aid
Gordon Powell Laboratory Aid
Thomas M. Ward Junior Chemist
Rufus G. Marshbourne Junior Chemist
Sarah D. Allen Principal General Clerk
John J. Filicky . Junior Chemist
Chas. Thomas Hollowell, Jr. Laboratory Technician
James Manly Laboratory Aid
Lacy Wood Corbett . Junior Chemist
Charlie Huss Senior Stenographer Clerk
Crop Statistics
W. T. Garriss Junior Statistician
Russell P. Handy Junior Statistician
Henry G. Brown : Junior Statistician
Bessie Kellogg i .Senior Statistical Clerk
Sarah Drake Senior Statistical Clerk
Rachel E. Fish Junior Statistical Clerk
Nancy L. Holler Senior Statistical Clerk
Commissioner of Agriculture 7
J. Paul Shaw Junior Statistician
Elma S. Wyrick Senior Statistical Clerk
Mrs. Espy S. Bolger Senior Statistical Clerk
Herbert Barnes Senior General Cl^rk
Geo. Truett Denton Senior General Clerk
Museum
H. T. Davis Senior Curator
H. H. Brimley Senior Curator
RoxiB Collie Simpson Preparator and Taxidei-rtiist
Owen Woods Janitor
Pattie Daniels Maid
Mary Knight Principal General Clerk
Veterinary
Wm. Moore State Veterinarian
L. J. Faulhaber Associate Veterinarian
W. R. Baynes Associate Veterinarian
Wm. R. Beasley Junior VeteHnxcrian
W. A. JoRDON, Jr. Junior Veterinarian
R. L. Dickinson Junior Veterinarian
L. J. FouRlE Senior Bacteriologist
Grace John Senior Stenographer Clerk
Frank Hall _._. Laboratory Aid
Frank Howard Laboratory Aid
James W. Willis Junior Veterinarian
J. W. McKee Junior Veterinarian
Joseph D. Wolf Junior Veterinarian
Test Farms
F. E. Miller . Director
Kathleen Harrison Senior Stenographer Clerk
J. L. Rea, Jr. Siiperintendent
A. P. Lefevers Assistant Field Crops
Herbert Allen Assistant Livestock
E. G. Moss Superintendent
Joe L. Rand . Foreman
Clifton M. Blackwell Assistant Foreman
Elizabeth Floyd Senior Stenographer Clerk
Chester Kearney Feed and Fa:rm Laborer
R. E. Currin, Jr. Superintendent
W. C. Allsbrook Foreman
Mrs. Walker Young Junior Stenographer Clerk
Dean W. Colvard Junior Dairy Specialist
J. Ernest Love Poultryman
W. M. Whisenhunt Foreman
R. L. York Assistant Dairyman
W. W. Ross Assistant Horticultu^nst
Hazel Drake Junior Stenographer CleYk
Spence Monroe Correll Dairyman
Chas. T. Dearing Superintendent
D. P. Southerland Foreman
C. O. Bollinger Poultry7nan
Frank J. Veach Foreman
Fred Stevens, Jr. Dairyman
B. L. Williams Junior Stenographer Clerk
J. W. Hendricks Superintendent
Rose E. Bradford „__. Junior Stenographer Clerk
John S. King Foreman
Fred Edminsten Animal Feeder
8 Biennial Report
Blister Rust
HOEART A. Whitman . Inspector
Soil Testing
J. F. Reed Senior Agronomist
Grafton C. Price . Associate Chemist
Mrs. J. F. Jeffreys, Jr. Senior Stenogi-apher Clerk
Virginia L. Spruill Senior Stenographer Clerk
Arthur Giles Laboratory Aid
State Warehouse System
A. B. FAiRLEY Superintendent
Fred P. Johnson Cotton Gin Specialist
C. R. Reynolds . Chief Cotton Classer
Mrs. J. N. Mason Senior Stenographer Clerk
Mrs. Hallie K. Morrow Senior Stenographer Clerk
J. B. Haywood Cotton Classer
E. L. Upchurch Senior Geyieral Clerk
A. W. OuTTERBRlDGE Junior Warehouse Examiner
Cora Herndon Junior Stenographer Clerk
Weights and Measures
C. D. Baucom Superintendent
H. W. Hood Inspector
John I. Moore '. Inspector
S. M. WOOLFOLK Inspector
Robert W. Parker Inspector
Doris E. Powell Junior Stenographer Clerk
W. C. Barnett Inspector
Waverly Lucas Helper
N. C. State Fair
J. S. Dorton Manager
G. C. Ellis Caretaker
Cooperative Inspection Service
E. G. Hargis Egg Grader
H. D. Wilson .___ Egg Grader
Wm. B. Jones Egg Grader
S. M. James , Egg Inspector
D. A. Bass '. Egg Grader
L. D. Edwards Egg Grader
Credit Union
D. R. Graham Supervisor
Jeanette Cohen Junior Stenographer Clerk
A. S. Bynum Junior Auditor
W. Kerr Scott
BIENNIAL REPORT
OF THE
North Carolina
Department
OF Agriculture
By W. Kerr Scott
Commissioner of Agriculture
North Carolina has become
the first State to conquer Bang's
disease, a serious threat to the
dairy and cattle industry, and
marketing- services have been
enlarged substantially by the
State Department of Agricul-ture
which has kept abreast with
the general "march of progress"
throughout the State during the
biennium.
The creation of the State Marketing Authority by the 1941
General Assembly has enabled the Department to promote,
encourage and develop an orderly and efficient marketing pro-gram
which is essential to the economic well-being of our rural
life.
The Department, working cooperatively with Federal authori-ties,
has established an enviable record by becoming the first
State to control Bang's disease, a serious malady of cattle that
interferes with production, reproduction and the general growth
of the cattle industry. A further contribution to the livestock
development of the State has been made under a cooperative
program whereby stocker and feeder cattle are purchased in
Western counties for resale to Eastern Carolina farmers.
Maintenance of a rigid inspectional and control program
has also resulted in North Carolina becoming the first Southern
state to eradicate phoney disease, serious malady that kills peach
trees.
Virtually all programs of the Department have been geared
for the war effort and invaluable service has been rendered the
armed forces and farmers under the expanded program of the
marketing division.
Increases in the number of soil samples tested for farmers
have been recognized as a definite contribution to the food-for-
victory program. Soil testing, a comparatively new service
of the Department, has enabled farmers to secure accurate
information on the plant food content of their soil and further
10 Biennial Report
provides them with concrete information as to the most suitable
fertilizer that will give a maximum production at minimum cost.
The regulatory, inspection and control laws enforced by the
Department have been amended to provide greater protection
for the farmers as well as for the honest manufacturer.
A summary of the Department's achievements and progress
during the biennium follows
:
Accounts: Business-like and approved accounting methods
followed have resulted in increased efficiency in this division.
Accounting methods employed have been satisfactory and have
brought commendation from the State Auditor's Bureau of
Departmental and Institutional Auditing.
Chemistry: A total of 14,207 samples of fertilizers, fertilizer
materials, feeds, cottonseed meal, lime and land plaster, fungi-cides
and insecticides have been analyzed during the biennium.
Inspection of plants manufacturing or distributing foods totaled
6,546 and in addition 7,965 labels on packages of foods were
examined in connection with the enforcement of regulatory and
inspectional laws.
Laboratory facilities have been modernized to permit greater
efficiency.
Credit Union: Thirty-eight new credit unions were organized
during the biennium and an increase of approximately $600,000
in assets (cash on hand, money in banks and government bonds)
reflect substantial growth. Credit unions made 57,611 loans
aggregating $5,158,986 during the biennium. The 27,094 mem-bers
in the State accumulated resources of $2,105,582.
Dairy: Milk purchases, as reported by plants, increased
approximately 100 per cent from 1939 to 1941 and the enforce-ment
of the Babcock Test Law has had a wholesome effect on
the growth of the dairy industry. Approximately 30,000 check
tests for butterfat were made in connection with 1,642 investiga-tions
at 90 plants, compared with 5,177 checks during the
previous biennium.
Enactment of the Milk Audit Law in 1940 has resulted in a
saving of thousands of dollars as a result of the elimination of
the "loose" buying and trade practices that previously prevailed
in the milk industry. The law has resulted in greater stabiliza-tion
of purchase procedure relating to plants and the dairy
farmers.
Entomology: Satisfactory results have been obtained in
the program to control the spread of Japanese beetles, enemy
of over 300 agricultural plants.
North Carolina is the first Southern State to eradicate phoney
disease of peaches, a serious malady that kills peach trees. By
controlling phoney disease, the peach industry in North Caro-lina
has been saved from "certain" destruction, which would
have followed the uncontrolled condition of this malady through-out
the State.
Commissioner of Agriculture 11
Bee disease work especially in Eastern North Carolina has
made excellent progress.
Division of Markets: The State Marketing Authority was
enacted by the 1941 Legislature to promote, encourage and
develop the orderly and efficient marketing of the products of
the home and farm. Under this program marketing assistance
was given in connection with the sale of 1,483,024 packages of
fruits and vegetables, 106,430 pounds of pecans, 676,769 pounds
of poultry and 3,030 cases of eggs and miscellaneous farm
products which brought farmers an aggregate of $2,288,979.
Assistance was rendered also in selling produce amounting to
$539,783 to army camps in the State.
A cooperative livestock promotion project with the Highway
and Public Works Commission has resulted in the purchase of
stocker and feeder cattle from Western counties for resale
in Eastern counties. Sales have totaled $52,486,730.
A total of 29,010 cases of surplus eggs were marketed for
farmers under a cooperative program.
N. C. State Museum: "Birds of North Carolina," sponsored
by the Department and issued by this division, is one of the
most significant books ever published by a State agency and
is an invaluable contribution to the natural history of the
State and Nation.
Substantial progress has been made in acquiring new exhibits,
re-arranging old exhibits and the programs serving to better
acquaint the public with the natural history and natural resources
of the State.
Schedules of hours have been re-arranged to accommodate
the ever-increasing flow of visitors from the armed forces to
the Museum.
Publicatio7is : More than 30,000 farmers and others receive
the "Agricultural Review," bi-monthly publication devoted to
agricultural information such as reports on regulatory, inspec-tion,
control and marketing problems.
A news picture service has been enlarged. Farm bulletins
have been enlarged, better illustrated and indexed for the benefit
of farmers and others.
Newspapers and press associations have been constantly
informed on the activities of the Department and the services
offered agriculture and related industries.
Seed Laboratory : The number of seed samples tested for
germination and purity has increased nine per cent compared
with the previous biennium. A total of 26,038 samples of seed
have been tested in connection with the program to assure farm-ers
of a market for seed of known value.
Today the North Carolina seed label provides information
that enables farmers to more intelligently purchase their seed
and the seed laboratory is attaining increased recognition in the
general food-for-victory program.
12 Biennial Report
Soil Testing: Because of the shortage of nitrogen for fer-tilizers
and the need for greater economy in transportation as
a result of the war conditions, soil testing has become of increased
value to the farmers. Approximately 25,000 samples were
analyzed for growers who were furnished accurate information
on the plant food content of their soil and given concrete recom-mendations
as to the most suitable fertilizer necessary to give
maximum production at minimum cost.
State Fair: The Great State Fairs of 1940 and 1941 were
operated successfully both from an educational and financial
standpoint. Record breaking crowds saw both exhibitions. At
the 1941 exposition 92,000 square feet of exhibit space was
devoted to agricultural, industrial and educational displays in
addition to 25,000 square feet provided under two tents for the
livestock interests. Premiums paid to exhibitors have been
increased substantially each year.
Statistics: Agricultural statistics, which are basic to all pro-grams
including the war effort, have been made available
promptly to all war agencies in connection with the food-for-victory
program. Many new crop reports and farm statistic
summaries have been established, making the services of this
division of inestimable value in connection with the present
emergency. The farm labor and price surveys have been
especially valuable. The county data have become essential in the
services rendered.
A total of 366 reports are made by the division annually,
involving the services of more than 30,000 voluntary crop
reporters divided into 64 groups.
Test Farms: The research program of the six outlying
Branch Experiment Stations consists of 126 experimental proj-ects,
which are handled cooperatively with the North Carolina
Agricultural Experiment Station, and in many instances with
the United States Department of Agriculture. Several of these
projects have been revised in order to comply with requests to
aid more directly National Defense measures in agriculture, and
new tests have been begun for the same purpose.
Much improvement work has been completed during the
biennium, including repairing and painting buildings, clearing
and draining land, and fencing grazing areas. New machinery
and implements have been purchased and 80 acres of land near
the Tobacco Station have been provided for tobacco research
plot land.
The War Department has taken over the Mountain Test
Farm property as the site for the location of an Army casualty
hospital and steps are being taken to relocate this Station. In
addition to carrying forward the experiments conducted on the
old location, new experiments will be undertaken on the new
site to include beef cattle and sheep.
Commissioner of Agriculture 13
Because of damage by fire to land, fencing, and vegetation,
plans are being made to relocate the Blackland Experiment Sta-tion.
While most of the projects will be moved to the new location,
several long-time experiments will be continued on the present
location in order to obtain the necessary information to conclude
the experiments.
Veterinary: Bang's disease, a serious threat to the Nation's
dairy and cattle industry, has been conquered in North Carolina
by a corps of veterinarians who have established a national record
for the State in a concerted animal-disease war that has been
waged for eight years.
To become an accredited State, all cattle in all counties have
to be tested and Bang's disease infection has to be less than one
per cent of all cattle.
Previously North Carolina became the first State in the
Nation to accredit all counties in the bovine tuberculosis control
program.
Progress has been made in control of hog cholera and rules
and regulations have been adopted and enforced in the general
program to control livestock diseases and promote the growth
of the livestock industry.
Warehouse: During the year 1941-1942, a total of 542,224
bales of cotton was handled by the Warehouse division, repre-senting
about seven per cent of the year's total crop.
The division has made a substantial contribution to the gin-ning
improvement program with the result that gin damaged
cotton has been reduced 2.5 per cent annually for the past three
seasons and reached a new low of 6.8 per cent in 1941.
Weights and Measures: A Scale Mechanic Act was passed
by the General Assembly for the protection of both the owners
of scales and honest mechanics. The Weigh Master Act, passed
in 1939, now has the full approval and support of all parties
concerned.
State inspectors visited 11,225 concerns where scales, weights,
dry measures, liquid measures, packages and deliveries were
checked for compliance with the Weights and Measures Law.
This involved 147,042 inspections.
w^*
D. S. Coltrane
Administrative and
Regulatory Activities
1940-1942
D. S. Coltrane
Assistant to the Commissioner
Agricultural Productio7i: Our country
has ag-ain been plunged into an unpro-voked
war for its very existence, a
struggle in which it is vitally essential that
all people and all industries cooperate and
produce with the utmost energy and deter-mination
if we are to perpetuate this
nation.
Agriculture has a task, the size and importance of which
cannot be over-emphasized at a time like this. It is to the suc-cessful
prosecution of this task that the farmers of North
Carolina have dedicated themselves with a "will to win" that
will minimize inconveniences and overcome difficulties, of which
there have been many. The acute shortage of farm labor and the
prevailing high wages brought on by war conditions have com-bined
to constitute a serious menace to agricultural well-being in
this state. It is urgent that our Government take immediate steps
to alleviate this condition, or, certainly, to prevent its serious-ness
from increasing. In spite of this and other handicaps which
have hampered farmers, the agricultural progress and production
of North Carolina for the past biennium has been steadily for-ward
and upward. Certain crops vital to the war effort have
been increased tremendously. Peanut production has jumped from
265,640,000 pounds in 1941 to 396,800,000 for 1942 and soy-beans
from 1,710,000 bushels in 1941 to 3,552,000 bushels for
1942, which is an all time record for both these crops. Cotton
has moved from 552,000 bales in 1941 to an estimated 736,000
bales for 1942, and the estimated yield per acre is indicated at
415 pounds or 25 per cent higher than 1941. While the corn
crop acreage has decreased, the acreage planted to barley has
increased from 9,000 acres in 1937 to an estimated 36,000 acres
for harvest in 1942. As of January 1, 1942, the number of all
livestock increased only slightly from January 1, 1941, but the
value increased 21 per cent over a year ago, with hogs showing
a 71 per cent increase in value. North Carolina ranks 14th in
number and value of hogs. Sheep numbers showed a two per
cent increase with values four per cent up. The number of all
chickens on farms, excluding commercial broilers, increased
17 per cent, while turkeys increased 20 per cent in number, with
a total increased value for chickens and turkeys of 42 and 47
per cent respectively. All cattle and milk cows both increased
Commissioner of Agriculture 15
three per cent in numbers on farms, value increased 33 per
cent over a year ago.
The dairy industry in particular has made outstanding- gains
in recent months, with the production of wholesale Grade "A"
milk for the month of July, 1942 totaling 11,137,991 pounds, the
highest ever recorded by the State Department of Agriculture
and exceeding the production for the same period of 1941 by
2,000,000 pounds. The figures do not include the production of
producer distributors which has also greatly increased. The
indications are that milk production will continue to rise, as
will also the number and value of milk cattle in the State, in
which we rank about twenty-fifth at present. In the total number
and value of all livestock, North Carolina ranks 22nd.
North Carolina continues to rank first among the states in
tobacco production, second in lespedeza seed, second in peanuts
and third in sweet potatoes. In the production of peaches the
State has moved from twelfth place in 1940 to fifth in 1941,
and in the production of tomatoes from twenty-second in 1940
to fifteenth in 1941, and the same is true of several other crops.
The State ranks very high in the production of intermediate
early snapbeans, cantaloupes, green peppers, and cucumbers for
both marketing and processing. North Carolina at present ranks
fourth in the nation in cash income from all crops, and will
probably rise to third place at the close of the 1942 market
season.
These facts indicate that the farmers of the State are vigor-ously
supporting the war effort with that enthusiasm and patriot-ism
for which the people of North Carolina have always been
noted.
Personnel
Agriculture is the basic industry of North Carolina. The
State ranks second in total farm population, with the 1940
census showing that 1,624,000 of our people actually live on
278,276 farms, which number is only exceeded in the State of
Texas. Therefore, the State Department of Agriculture is very
properly one of the major branches of the Government and the
one whose work probably touches the lives and affects the welfare
of more people than any other agency in the State. Because of
this fact, it is very important that the employees of this Depart-ment
remain at all times aware of the great trust and respon-sibility
this imposes upon them and it is gratifying to close
another biennium with the feeling that our employees have built
and maintained a good record of diligence, efficiency, and interest
in their work. They have proved their loyalty to the Depart-ment
of Agriculture as well as to the countless thousands of
citizens throughout the State whom this Department has endeav-ored
to serve. The administrative division desires to express its
sincere appreciation of this loyalty and of their industry in the
16 Biennial Report
discharge of those duties assigned to them. Unfortunately for us,
many of our best trained employees have gone to other fields of
work as well as into the armed forces of the country and it is
becoming increasingly difficult to replace them with others who
are qualified, due to our low salary scale as compared with that
prevailing in private industry. We take pride, however, in here-with
listing the names of those of our former employees who are
as of October 21, 1942 serving in the various branches of our
fighting forces:
Administration
:
Entomology:
C. P. Deyton C. H. Hill
Analytical: Soil-Testing:
James A. Belton I. E. Miles
J. 0. Dunston Frank H. Brown
Charles C. Gates, Jr. Veterinary:
f-J^-Jl^'^T''^'
'^''-
C. B. Randall
J. b) ir'ittarcl Wayne D. Collins
L, W. Purdy
Charlie L. Sellars Warehouse:
Edwin L. Combs Robert S. Pou
Crop Statistics: Weights and Measures:
William T. Wesson George S. Turner
Wade M. Manness
We feel duty bound to the agricultural interests of this State
to voice here our feeling that since agriculture is the basic indus-try
of North Carolina, with a tremendous investment, and since
the services of the Department of Agriculture directly affect
that industry, then the work of this Department should not be
made to suffer because of our inability to offer salaries sufficient
to secure capable and trained workers. When we consider that
1,624,000 people live on 278,276 farms, valued at $736,708,000,
to say nothing of the additional millions invested in crops and
livestock, we are constrained to believe that services should not
be crippled which affect very greatly the welfare of these people,
as well as the entire citizenship in general, and the safety of this
investment. We are now directly confronted with this problem,
the magnitude of which merits full consideration.
A ten per cent increase in the salaries for the personnel of
the Department has been requested for the coming biennium in
view of the increased cost of living and in order to maintain an
efficient staff that is being rapidly decreased because of the
lucrative offers by war industries, other industries, the Federal
Government and the armed forces.
Trained personnel must be maintained at all times, and ade-quate
salaries must be paid commensurate with the standard of
living now prevailing unless the regulatory, inspection, control
and marketing programs and other programs of the Department
suffer irreparable losses.
Commissioner of Agriculture 17
Too much emphasis cannot be given to the fact that many
substitutes, coming under the jurisdiction of the regulatory and
control divisions of the Department, are being offered the con-sumer
today and the need for a continuation of rigid enforce-ment
of the laws to protect the buyer was never more apparent.
Over a period of years, sizeable investments have been made
in preparing or training the Department's staff in specialized
work and if these investments are to be protected, nominal salary
increases must be made.
Living expenses are up ten per cent or more, income taxes
and other taxes are steadily climbing, all of which emphasize the
need of salary increases which are essential to the maintenance
of reasonable standards of living.
Cooperation with Agricultural Agencies
A splendid spirit of cooperation exists between the Depart-ment
and the other agencies serving the agricultural interests
of North Carolina.
Whenever regulatory, inspectional and control problems have
arisen, the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station,
State College Extension Service, farm organizations, farmers,
representatives of farm industry and others have united in an
effort to formulate practical programs that will result in fair,
impartial and worthwhile contributions to the farm life of the
State.
The necessity of correlating regulatory, inspectional, control,
agricultural research and other agricultural services for the
benefit of the farmers has been given greater recognition and
emphasis during the past biennium than perhaps at any time
in the history of North Carolina agriculture.
Revenue
The detailed financial statement shows the sources and
amounts of revenue collected by the Department during the bien-nium.
The total receipts for that period amount to $1,156,189.32
as compared with $995,799.60 for the previous biennium, which
shows an increase of $160,389.72. This is accounted for largely
by an increase in the sale of fertilizer and feed tax tags alone
amounting to $110,034.43. The continued strict enforcement of
the Seed Law and a general growing understanding and appre-ciation
of it resulted in an increase of $6,719.07 from seed
dealers' licenses and seed analysis tags. Most other sources of
revenue also resulted in slight increases, with the notable excep-tion
of oleomargarine tax which showed a $1,446.50 decrease.
Receipts of the Department for the fiscal year 1940-41 were
$558,250.99 while the expenditures amounted to $513,385.15.
Receipts exceeded expenditures by $44,865.84. In the fiscal year
1941-42 receipts were $597,938.33 while expenditures amounted
to $583,015.52. Receipts exceeded expenditures by $14,922.81.
18 Biennial Report
According to the sale of Agricultural Lime tax stamps, there
has been sold through the regular channels of trade during the
biennium a total of 101,906 tons of Agricultural Lime, which
does not include shipments to fertilizer manufacturers for mix-ing
purposes. The inspection tax on this product is five cents per
ton and was levied by the 1937 General Assembly for the purpose
of enlarging the peanut research programs. The receipts from
this source for the biennium amounted to $5,095.30. However,
this represents only a small part of the Agricultural Lime which
has been distributed in the State. During the two-year period
from November 1, 1940 through October 31, 1942, there has been
distributed by the Agricultural Adjustment Agency of the Fed-eral
Government a total of 609,553 tons. These figures are
reported from the office of Mr. E. Y. Floyd, State Administrator
for that Agency. If the Department of Agriculture had received
the five cents per ton inspection tax on this lime, it would have
amounted to $30,477.68. In addition, Mr. Floyd reports that
during the above mentioned period a total of 45,317 tons of
phosphate was distributed without payment of the inspection
tax of 25 cents per ton. If the Department of Agriculture had
received this, it would have amounted to $11,329.28. The same
agency also distributed approximately 100,000 bags of peanuts
during 1942 without payment of the inspection tax of one cent
per bag, which would have amounted to $1,000.00, making a total
of at least $42,806.96 additional revenue which this Department
would have received had it been permitted to collect the usual
inspection fees.
Fertilizer
The purpose of the North Carolina Fertilizer Law is to afford
protection to the users of commercial fertilizer against the pos-sible
misbranding of the grade or value of the fertilizer sold in
the State. As an inspection and regulatory agency, the Depart-ment
realizes that no part of its work is more important than
strict enforcement of the Fertilizer Law. Changes in the Act
were made during the biennium by the 1941 Legislature with
the view of giving the farmers, manufacturers, and dealers
greater protection, simplified labeling provisions, higher analysis
fertilizers, and a restricted grade list.
New Fertilizer Latv
Department officials are of the opinion that the revised law,
which became effective on December 1, 1941, gives us on the
whole the best law of any State in the Nation, and rightly so
because our farmers use more fertilizer than any State in the
Union. The form of statement for guarantees has been simpli-fied
so as to make it possible for a manufacturer who operates
in adjoining states to use bags and tags interchangeably in the
Commissioner of Agriculture 19
different states. The penalty provisions of the Act have been
tightened so as to give the farmers more protection.
Red Tag for Low Grade Fertilizer
An outstanding change in the new law is a provision which
recognizes all fertilizer containing less than 16 units of plant
food to be labeled with a "red tag" reading as follows : "This is
a low grade fertilizer. It costs too much per unit of nitrogen,
available phosphoric acid and potash because it contains only
14 or 15 units (whichever the case may be) of these plant
foods. You are paying too much for bagging, freight, labor,
etc., on too much inert material."
The "red tag" will be of educational value to those farmers
who have been purchasing 3-8-3 because of habit. It will reach
the farmer who has not kept himself informed as to the amount
of filler in low grade fertilizer.
Grade Restriction
Another outstanding change in the law is a provision which
gives the State Board of Agriculture and the Director of the
Agricultural Experiment Station authority to set up, from
time to time, a list of grades consisting of not more than fifty
and not less than thirty-five grades. This provision of the Act
will, in all probability, result in a saving of a million dollars
or more to the farmers of the State. Manufacturers have hereto-fore
made a multiplicity of grades for which there had been but
little demand. In 1937 a total of 202 grades were registered for
sale in this State.
Thirty-six Grades Adopted
Following the policy of the Department, an informal con-ference
with Farmers, Fertilizer Manufacturers, Dealers, and
Agronomists, was called to consider the grades that should be
recommended to the Board and Director of the Experiment
Station, After much discussion, the conference passed a reso-lution
in favor of restricting the grades to the minimum allowed
by the law, and then proceeded to suggest a list of 35 grades.
This list was adopted by the Board of Agriculture with but one
addition, making an official list of 36 grades that were sold
during 1942.
Other Changes in the Law
Other changes in the law are briefly enumerated as follows
:
1. Registration. Registrations have been changed from a five-year
period to an annual basis. The present registration period
is December 1 through November 30. The annual registration
fee is $2 per brand. If packed in five-pound packages or less,
the registration fee is $25 per brand. Failure to register carries
a maximum penalty of $500.
20 Biennial Report
2. Weight. Must be "net weight" rather than ''gross weight."
3. Nitrogen Guarantees. A manufacturer may guarantee
either total nitrogen or available nitrogen. If the wording Total
Available Nitrogen is used, it will be interpreted as Total Nitro-gen.
This is permitted in order to bring about uniformity with
the South Carolina law and thereby enable manufacturers who
do business in both states to use the same guarantees.
4. Water Insoluble and Nitrate Nitrogen Guarantees: These
guarantees are made in percentage of the total, expressed in
whole numbers, rather than the decimal fraction thereof. In our
opinion, this is much more desirable because it was possible
under the old law for a guarantee of either Nitrate or Water
Insoluble Nitrogen in the decimal to be very misleading ; whereas,
it is almost impossible for a farmer to be misled when the
guarantees are stated in percentage of the total.
Optional Guarantees
Minimum per cent of Magnesium Oxide.
Minimum per cent of Calcium Oxide.
Minimum per cent of Sulphur in General Crop Fertilizer.
Minimum-Maximum percentage of Sulphur in Tobacco Fertilizer.
Loivering Analysis or Quality Not Permitted
A manufacturer is not allowed to lower the quality of any
established registered brand.
Penalties
All tolerances for deficiencies are decreased ; thereby,
strengthening the penalty provision of the law.
Basic Slag
A Basic Slag must carry a guarantee for both total and
available phosphoric acid. The old law provided only for a
guarantee of total phosphoric acid.
War Economy Necessitates Elimination
OF Low Grade Fertilizer
An educational campaign has been carried on during the past
five years to familiarize farmers with the savings to be effected
by the purchase of higher analysis fertilizers. War has been
waged against the most uneconomical grades such as 3-8-3 ; 2-9-3
;
0-10-4; and 2-8-4. All of these grades have been omitted from
the restricted grade list except 3-8-3 which is now a "red tag"
low grade fertilizer. This grade still represents about 20% of
the total tonnage used in the State. While an educational cam-paign
has been waged against this grade with some results, our
war economy has brought about a necessity for the total elimina-tion
of this grade. With the shortage of labor, bags, and transpor-
Commissioner of Agriculture 21
tation, it is almost imperative that we eliminate from the list
of grades any fertilizer that contains more than 200 pounds of
worthless filler to the ton.
Filler and Defense
In normal times it may be proper for a farmer to buy an un-economical
grade of fertilizer put in war times such a policy
materially injures our defense efforts.
Normally, a very important part of our domestic freight is
hauled by coastwise and intercoastal ships. Many of these ships
have been diverted to war use, and more could be used with great
benefit if they could be spared from normal traffic. This diversion
of ships, added to the greatly increased need for transportation
due to war work, has begun to place a strain on our rail and
truck transportation also. It is, therefore, becoming increasingly
important to economize in transportation in every legitimate
way.
It is not feasible to prohibit entirely the use of filler because
some filler is desirable to adjust formulas, inasmuch as grades
are required to be stated in whole numbers, as well as for other
reasons. Nevertheless, approximately 80,000 tons of unnecessary
filler could be eliminated with real benefit to agriculture, the
fertilizer industry, and the defense of our country.
Fertilizer Sales
Consumption of commercial mixed fertilizer and fertilizer
materials for North Carolina farmers based on tag sales for the
fiscal year July 1, 1940, to June 30, 1941, was 1,113,327 tons;
whereas, the consumption for the year July 1, 1941, to June 30,
1942, was 1,194,174 tons. The tonnage for the biennium amounted
to 2,307,501 tons which represents an increase from the previous
biennium by 80,847 tons, or seven per cent.
Fertilizer Inspection
Reasonable fertilizer inspection services have been provided
during the past two years. During the peak season a total of
15 part-time inspectors actively covered their respective terri-tories.
An effort was made to get samples from every company
in proportion to the tonnage sold. Also, a determined effort
has been made to get more samples directly from the farms
rather than from dealers. During the year 1940-41, inspectors
made 6,138 inspections, and during the year 1941-42, 7,697
inspections, or a total of 13,835 inspections for the biennium.
This is compared with a total of 8,403 inspections for the previous
biennium. During the year 1940-41, inspectors secured 5,779
official samples. During the year 1941-42, they secured 4,547
samples, or a total for the biennium of 10,726. These figures
show that the Department's inspectors secured during this bien-nium
853 more samples than for the previous biennium.
22 Biennial Report
One sample of fertilizer was taken for approximately each
200 tons sold. In our opinion, more samples should be taken
—
at least one sample for each 100 tons sold. However, this would
necessitate the appointment of more inspectors as well as in-creased
laboratory facilities and the employment of additional
chemists.
Fertilizer of Good Quality
Reasonable quality in the fertilizer sold in this State is indi-cated
by the fact that during the biennium penalties were
assessed on only 731 lots of fertilizer obtained from 10,180
official samples analyzed and reported, which means that approxi-mately
seven per cent of the fertilizer was subject to a penalty.
If inspection figures are indicative of the fertilizer move-ment
as a whole, this means that 95 tons of every 100 tons of
fertilizer sold in the State either meet the guaranteed analysis
or are found within the variations allowed in the Fertilizer
Law.
$1,126,671 Excess Plant Food
A study of the average value of fertilizer for the years 1939,
1940, and 1941 reveals that manufacturers gave North Caro-lina
farmers an average of 53 cents per ton value in excess of
plant food guaranteed, or an excess of plant food value during
these two years of $1,126,671.
These facts substantiate the value of rigid enforcement of
regulatory measures and are indicative of the protection given
farmers as well as manufacturers.
The Department invites farmers to request inspectors to take
special samples; in fact, more farm samples are desirable. We
are looking forward to the day when we will secure at least 50
per cent of the total samples from the farmers, but this will have
to await the day when tires and gasoline are no longer rationed
as in the present emergency.
Feed Sales and Inspection
During the biennium, beginning July 1, 1940, and ending
June 30, 1942, a total of 3,110 feed samples were selected for
chemical analysis and microscopical examination. Of these,
3,046 were official feed samples and 64 were samples of Canned
Dog Foods. Computed from the sales of tax tags, there were
388,587 tons of commercial feed sold during the year July 1,
1940—June 30, 1941, and 448,850 tons during the year July 1,
1941—June 30, 1942, or a total for the biennium of 837,437 tons
compared with 725,867 tons for the previous two years.
According to the sale of tax tags and stamps, there were
sold 128,254 tons of Cotton Seed Meal during the fiscal year July
Commissioner of Agriculture 23
1, 1940—June 30, 1941, and 96,831 tons during the fiscal year
July 1, 1941—June 30, 1942, or a total for the biennium of
225,085 tons as compared with 180,434 tons for the previous
two-year period. The decrease in consumption of Cotton Seed
Meal for the year July 1, 1941—June 30, 1942, is due to an
increased use of Soybeans and Peanuts which is reflected in the
60,263 ton increase of commercial feeds. If Cotton Seed Meal is
counted as feed, there was a total tonnage of 1,062,522 during
the biennium compared with 906,301 tons for the previous bien-nium
or a net gain in total feed sold of 156,221 tons.
From all sections of the State, the inspectors have collected
3,110 samples of mixed feeds. A reasonable number of samples
were secured from each company and extra precautions taken to
secure samples of brands previously found below the guaranteed
analysis.
During the biennium, a total of 13,784 bags of feed were
withdrawn from sale for various violations of the Feed Law and
the registration of eight brands was cancelled. Where the viola-tions
were of a technical nature, the feed was released for sale
after adjustments were made according to the law; however,
584 bags were returned to the manufacturer, 210 bags to North
Carolina Mills, and 279 bags to out-of-state mills. Penalties
aggregating $312.55 have been assessed during the biennium to
cover the costs of feed seizures.
Using the Department's analyses, both chemical and micro-scopic,
as an index, the feed sold in this State during the bien-nium,
on the whole, equalled the guaranteed analysis. Much
progress has been made during the past six years. Anyone can
now buy feed with reasonable assurance that it will contain
the guaranteed ingredients and that the chemical analysis will
be as labeled. Feeds are labeled so that the least informed
farmer should not be deceived. The best information and pro-tection
the purchaser of feed has is the tag and the honesty and
reliability of the manufacturer. The record of any manufacturer
may be obtained by reading the Department's annual Feed
Bulletin. There has been a shortage of some ingredients during
the past eighteen months due to war conditions ; in fact, the use
of some ingredients has been restricted by the Federal Govern-ment.
It has been difficult to overcome the shortages of some of
these materials by substitutes. Some manufacturers were quick
to take advantage of the situation by loose practices in the use
of substitutes and other irregularities. They asked leniency
because of the National Emergency. This Department has taken
the position that good quality feeds are most economical under
normal conditions ; and that at this time of emergency, when
high production of meat, milk, eggs, cheese, and livestock is so
essential, the most efficient and effective control is highly
desirable.
24 Biennial Report
During the two years a total of 14,684 bags of feed were
withdrawn from sale for various violations of the feed law as
follows
:
No tax tags 8,557
Obsolete tags 121
No guarantee or tax tags . 1,571
No guaranteed analysis , . 806
Not registered 705
Non-compliance with guarantee - 1,665
Metal hooks 473
No. of bags returned to North Carolina mills 176
No. of bags returned outside mills 610
Total sales in tons (Mixed feed, cotton seed,
soybean, and peanut meals) 1,062,522
Amount of penalties assessed and paid $240.68
1,202 cases of Canned Dog Foods were withdrawn from sale because
of not being registered and properly stamped.
Seed Inspection
The 1941 General Assembly further revised and brought the
State Seed Law up to date. The act is so patterned as to work
well in cooperation with the Federal Seed Act. Under an agree-ment
between the Commissioner and the Agricultural Marketing
Service of the United States Department of Agriculture relative
to the enforcement of the Federal Seed Act, our seed inspectors
are authorized to sample interstate movements of seed for the
Federal agency. One of the first convictions for violation of the
Federal Seed Act was based on evidence furnished by this
division.
The seed laboratory tested a total of 26,038 samples of seed
during the biennium, which is an increase of 9 per cent over
the previous one. Seed inspectors withdrew from sale 226 lots
of seed, covering 9,402 bags, which were being sold in violation
of the law. Five wholesale distributors of vegetable package
seed were cited for a hearing before representatives of the
State Department of Agriculture and the Attorney General
because of the low quality seed sold in the State during 1941,
with the result that 16 per cent more of these seed sold in the
1942 season exceeded the standard than was the case in 1941.
In twenty-one other cases of law violation in selling bulk field
and vegetable seed the responsible parties were called in for
hearings. In most instances the seed were released for sale after
the law had been complied with and satisfactory adjustments
made. Seed inspectors have called regularly on all seed dealers,
have made 14,534 inspections, and collected 2,640 ofl^cial samples
of seed during the biennium.
In line with a general improvement in the seed situation in
North Carolina the Board of Agriculture has adopted grades and
standards for lespedeza seed. No more than 2,500 dodder per
pound are now allowed in lespedeza offered for sale in this State
as against 5,000 per pound formerly permitted, and the per-
Commissioner of Agriculture 25
mitted noxious weeds in small grains have been reduced from 200
per pound to 100 per pound. Recent figures show that 26 per
cent more of the Korean lespedeza and 14 per cent more Kobe
lespedeza seed offered for sale in the past season were of North
Carolina Grade 1 quality than during the previous seasons. We
feel that the progress made in the better seed program has only
been possible through the cooperation of seed dealers and farm-ers,
the great majority of whom now realize the vital importance
of seed control measures in promoting and maintaining agri-cultural
production.
Unfortunately, there has recently developed considerable mis-understanding
between this Department and certain agencies of
the Federal Government relative to the wide distribution of seed
in this State without complying with the State's seed regula-tions,
which were enacted for the protection of the farmer. The
State Department of Agriculture has been restrained by Federal
authorities from interfering in the distribution of such seed, and
there have been notable cases where the consumer has suffered
because he did not receive the services and protection offered
by the Seed Law. In addition, the licensed seed dealers of the
State have suffered from such unregulated business competition
and this in turn will be reflected in a loss of revenue which sup-ports
the seed inspection and testing service. The result will be
a regretable tendency toward breaking down the seed improve-ment
program in the State, a program which this Department
has emphasized and promoted for several years with gratifying
results. We feel that it would be unfortunate in the extreme to
relax in the effort to go forward with this work, and we feel
that there is involved in this dispute a very real threat to the
seed improvement program. Efforts are being made to find a
mutually satisfactory solution to the problem and it is to be
hoped that the situation will not long continue as it exists at
present.
26 Biennial Report
summary of inspection work
Fertilizer
Number of inspections 13,835
Number of official samples taken 10,180
Number of tons sampled 64,528
Number of lots seized for various violations 156
Number of penalties assessed 731
Aggregate amount of penalties assessed $11,203.37
Feed
Number of inspections 19,648
Number of tons sampled 5,478
Number of official samples taken by inspectors 2,438
Number of bags represented by samples 103,560
Number of miscellaneous samples 672
Number of samples analyzed 3,110
Number of seizures for various violations 305
Number of bags in seizures 14,684
Number of bags returned to mills 786
Number of registrations canceled 7
Aggregate amount of penalties assessed $240.68
Seed
Number of inspections 14,534
Number of official samples taken by inspectors 2,640
Number of individual samples 23,398
Number of samples analyzed (total) 26,038
Number of lots withdravi^n for various violations 226
Number of bags in seizures 9,402
Aggregate amount of penalties assessed __._ $34.00
Accounts
A. R. POWLEDGE
Accounting methods have been satis-factory
and have brought commendation
from the State Auditor's Bureau of De-partmental
and Institutional Auditing.
The financial report of the Depart-ment
and its divisions follov^s:
FINANCIAL STATEMENT a. r. Powiedge
STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
I. Administration 1941-42 1940-41
Board of Commissioners $ 1,088.36 $ 1,670.70
Salary—Commissioner 6,000.00 6,000.00
Salaries and Wages 21,052.17 21,471.84
Supplies and Materials 908.33 934.92
Tags 8,567.76 6,855.97
Postage, Telephone, Telegrams and Express .. 2,373.76 1,687.18
Travel Expense 1,770.73 2,025.29
Printing and Binding 6,670.05 5,675.15
Repairs and Alterations 100.00 98.95
General Expense 143.09 95.82
Equipment 222.65 407.93
Legislative Representative in
Washington, D. C. 500.00 500.00
Total $ 49,396.90 $ 47,423.75
II. Inspection
Salaries and Wages $ 10,012.66 $ 7,556.00
Salaries and Wages, Extra 4,460.00 5,552.00
Supplies and Materials 89.10 199.99
Postage, Telephone, Telegrams and Express _. 550.87 422.26
Travel Expense 19,520.96 20,547.83
Total $ 34,633.59 $ 34,278.08
III. Markets
Salaries and Wages $ 33,145.27 $ 38,418.55
Salaries and Wages, Extra 390.67 889.00
Supplies and Materials 599.48 1,180.83
Postage, Telephone, Telegrams and Express - 861.40 1,194.09
Travel Expense 7,094.54 11,079.74
Printing and Binding 235.02 289.98
Repairs and Alterations 66.66 50.00
Market News Service 618.51 850.00
Subscriptions and Dues 126.00 144.10
Equipment 389.30 1,548.13
Leased Wire 841.10 1,281.42
Total $ 44,367.95 $ 56,925.84
28 Biennial Report
III-A. Marketing Authority 1941-42 1940-41
Salaries and Wages . $ 28,213.47
Supplies and Materials 197.80
Postage, Telephone, Telegrams and Express- 730.74
Travel Expense 10,837.15
Printing and Binding 226.50
Repairs and Alterations . 39.05
General Expense
Equipment 180.37
Total $ 40,425.08
IV. Credit Union
Salary, Chief $ 1,850.00
Salaries, Staff 3,677.50
Office Supplies 137.18
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 188.77
Field Travel 2,453.09
Printing 120.82
Equipment 78.62
Transfer to General Fund $ 2,500.00
Total $ 2,500.00 $ 8,505.98
Refund from General Fund 4,252.99
$ 4,252.99
V. Dairy
Salaries and Wages $ 6,448.00 $ 3,915.00
Supplies and Materials 64.94 34.94
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 124.81 99.88
Travel Expense 1,692.96 1,325.08
Printing and Binding 21.46 31.43
Equipment 346.47 45.35
Workmen's Compensation 172.50
Total $ 8,871.14 $ 5,451.68
VI. Entomology
Salaries and Wages $ 14,696.33 $ 14,778.00
Supplies and Materials 124.09 149.72
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express __ 219.89 188.87
Travel Expense 4,517.95 4,379.06
Printing and Binding 121.79 81.30
Subscriptions and Dues 78.89 102.65
Equipment 10.39 19.82
Total $ 19,769.33 $ 19,699.42
VII. Seed Laboratory
Salaries and Wages $ 17,614.21 $ 16,427.20
Supplies and Materials 221.40 226.43
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express __ 517.88 432.29
Travel Expense 3,313.63 3,229.79
Printing and Binding 351.09 296.69
Repairs and Alterations 23.72 15.23
Equipment 193.69
Total $ 22,041.93 $ 20,821.32
Commissioner of Agriculture 29
VIII. Analytical i94i-42 i94o-41
Salaries and Wages $ 47,188.49 $ 47,611.08
Supplies and Materials 3,846.40 2,932.93
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express.... 790.06 651.36
Travel Expense 368.06 506.65
Printing and Binding 572.19 581.27
Repairs and Alterations 147.98 163.10
Laundry 5.45 4.81
Equipment 6,845.36 3,447.01
Total $ 59,763.99 $ 55,898.21
IX. Crop Statistics
Salaries and Wages $ 15,646.30 $ 14,910.75
Salaries and Wages, Extra 2,786.91 3,070.33
Supplies and Materials 114.62 124.63
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express .. 281.76 186.91
Travel Expense . 1,424.28 1,065.95
Printing and Binding 3,199.48 2,222.74
Repairs and Alterations 37.09 19.81
Subscriptions and Dues 10.00 15.50
Equipment 1,931.76 1,289.30
Total $ 25,432.20 $ 22,905.92
X. Museum
Salaries and Wages $ 8,749.67 $ 8,378.00
Salaries and Wages, Extra 33.75 42.98
Supplies and Materials 385.48 339.63
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express .. 137.60 78.67
Travel Expense 273.79 243.41
Printing and Binding 67.91 29.67
Subscriptions and Dues 39.03 34.09
Equipment 558.93 599.38
Repairs and Alterations 487.44
Total $ 10,246.16 $ 10,233.27
XI. Serum
Supplies and Materials $ 347.72 $ 451.31
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express .. 423.28 203.00
General Expense 55.55 30.49
Serum to be Resold 16,423.89 12,069.87
Diagnostic Laboratory 233.82 414.04
Total $ 17,484.26 $ 13,168.71
XII. Veterinary
Salaries and Wages $ 33,737.24 $ 31,486.81
Salaries and Wages, Extra 8,978.16 8,728.02
Supplies and Materials 499.09 347.42
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express .. 368.74 322.36
Travel Expense 23,590.28 20,908.40
Printing and Binding 136.85 78.72
Repairs and Alterations 21.35 18.70
General Expense 43.53 48.81
Equipment 139.32 93.56
Clinic on Mastitis
Total $ 67,514.56 $ 62,032.80
30 Biennial Report
XIII. Test Farms—Administration 1941-42 1940-41
Salaries and Wages --$ 4,920.00 $ 4,920.00
Supplies and Materials 113.31 173.29
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express „ 307.05 249.98
Travel Expense 1,239.69 1,260.02
Printing and Binding 60.44 104.97
General Expense . 50.00 35.95
Insurance and Bonding - 364.50 2,010.95
Total --$ 7,054.99 $ 8,755.16
Blackland Test Farm
Salaries and Wages $ 7,369.06 $ 6,343.84
Supplies and Materials 1,988.44 1,860.32
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express .. 79.76 94.46
Travel Expense 238.74 324.60
Motor Vehicle Operation 582.18 448.44
Repairs and Alterations 317.55 290.72
General Expense 343.50 416.73
Equipment 1,947.33 1,609.22
Additions and Betterments 19.05 15.22
Total -_. $ 12,885.61 $ 11,403.55
Tobacco Test Farm
Salaries and Wages $ 10,001.32 $ 8,386.95
Supplies and Materials 1,577.08 1,968.02
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express __ 184.00 165.53
Travel Expense 16.20 278.00
Printing and Binding 28.17 14.52
Motor Vehicle Operation 216.23 83.62
Light, Water, Power _._ 176.67 171.35
Repairs and Alterations 1,035.74 264.64
General Expense 337.67 1,015.78
Equipment 1,186.86 299.91
Additions and Betterments 149.37 891.00
Land 6,000.00
Total $ 14,909.31 $ 19,539.32
Upper Coastal Plain Test Farm
Salaries and Wages $ 9,874.67 $ 9,349.97
Supplies and Materials 2,891.09 2,796.96
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express _. 162.37 156.07
Travel Expense 262.10 278.38
Motor Vehicle Operation 1,004.18 789.27
Light, Power and Water 236.61 198.15
Repairs and Alterations 1,256.93 701.82
General Expense 473.21 497.58
Equipment 1,772.16 1,360.00
Additions and Betterments 727.22 488.90
Total ..:_ $ 18,660.54 $ 16,617.10
Commissioner of Agriculture 31
Mountain Test Farm 1941-42 i94o-4i
Salaries and Wages $ 12,191.32 $ 12,085.79
Supplies and Materials 4,446.39 3,666.73
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express .. 299.99 249.05
Travel Expense 474.70 449.93
Printing and Binding 25.00 24.87
Motor Vehicle Operation 523.39 446.35
Light, Water and Power 498.76 495.30
Repairs and Alterations 1,049.64 165.22
General Expense 586.65 336.03
Equipment 2,043.15 1,849.46
Additions and Betterments - 2,241.57 627.54
Land 2,500.00
Total $ 26,880.56 $ 20,396.27
Coastal Plain Test Farm
Salaries and Wages . $ 14,122.17 $ 14,511.00
Supplies and Materials 4,119.35 3,724.46
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express - 339.92 504.28
Travel Expense 448.98 519.66
Printing and Binding 36.34
Motor Vehicle Operation 978.46 948.01
Light, Power and Water 925.98 832.59
Repairs and Alterations 1,572.69 499.93
General Expense 139.68 98.00
Equipment 1,349.98 312.91
Additions and Betterments 481.43 714.00
Total . $ 24,514.98 $ 22,664.84
Piedmont Test Farm
Salaries and Wages $ 8,339.84 $ 7,898.01
Supplies and Materials 2,178.96 1,713.89
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express _. 165.27 166.83
Travel Expense 449.82 499.82
Printing and Binding 14.08 16.86
Motor Vehicle Operation 359.30 325.17
Light, Power and Water 234.08 224.47
Repairs and Alterations 315.96 384.95
General Expense 242.92 398.55
Equipment 1,060.09 598.66
Additions and Betterments 203.11 436.41
Total $ 13,563.43 $ 12,663.62
Total Test Farms $118,469.42 $112,039.86
32 Biennial Report
XIV. Miscellaneous i94i-42 i94o-41
Custodial $ 6,480.00 $ 6,480.00
Farmers' Conventions 300.00 300.00
State Fair Exhibits 683.60 986.50
Excavation Indian Mounds 257.79
Renovation of Buildings 355.90 437.00
Contributions to Retirement System Funds...
.
9,186.86
Sheep Distribution 7,500.00
Total $ 24,506.36 $ 8,461.29
XV. Reserve
XVI. Rabies
Rabies .. $ 817.32 $ 1,003.53
XVII. Japanese Beetle Work
Salaries and Wages $ 3,512.95 $ 4,898.50
Wages, Trap Tenders :.._.. 2,917.75 3,203.50
Supplies and Materials 6,999.47 6,553.97
Travel Expense 286.45 561.80
Total : $ 13,716.62 $ 15,217.77
XVIII. Blister Rust Control
Salaries and Wages $ 3,990.76 $ 3,753.50
Supplies and Materials 826.60 1,182.60
Total $ 4,817.36 $ 4,936.10
XIX. Soil Testing
Salaries and Wages $ 13,755.22 $ 9,460.34
Supplies and Materials 1,003.97 1,902.38
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express _. 414.27 416.57
Travel Expense 1,528.14 1,404.28
Printing and Binding 42.72 46.48
Equipment 731.37 1,151.57
Soil Containers 765.66
Total _...$ 18,241.35 $ 14,381.62
Total . $583,015.52 $509,132.16
Refund from General Fund $ 4,252.99
Total $583,015.52 $513,385.15
Commissioner of Agriculture 33
n. c. state fair
financial statement
statement of disbursements
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
1941-42 1940-41
Salaries and Wages $ 19,345.60 $ 14,099.37
Supplies and Materials 2,123.83 401.03
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express 682.27 602.61
Travel 170.85 118.31
Printing and Binding 2,691.21 1,698.37
Motor Vehicle Operation 343.17 236.19
Light, Power and Water 616.40 831.44
Repairs and Alterations 3,699.86 7,590.30
General Expense 47,964.38 44,166.40
Equipment 191.78 314.50
Additions and Betterments 1,905.76
Insurance and Bonding 45.00 125.00
Total . $ 77,874.35 $ 72,089.28
N. C. STATE FAIR
STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
1941-42 1940-41
General Admission $ 34,291.47 $ 30,616.93
Grandstand Admission 19,444.42 15,074.65
Auto Parking 6,911.75 3,388.50
Carnival Privileges 12,589.57 10,939.00
Sale of Advertising 1,610.00 1,462.50
Sale of Exhibit Space 2,084.20 2,946.10
Rent of Eating Booths 4,155.00 3,989.50
Concession Privileges 10,153.56 9,786.32
Entry Fees ,: 1,484.26 1,244.00
Miscellaneous 635.51 474.16
Rental on Buildings 750.00 408.50
Interest on Bonds 770.00 770.00
Total $ 94,879.74 $ 81,100.16
Balance July 1, 1941 $46,456.63
Balance July 1, 1942 63,462.02
STATE WAREHOUSE SYSTEM
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
1941-42 1940-41
Salary, Superintendent $ 3,750.00 $ 3,700.00
Salaries and Wages 16,425.17 16,586.00
Supplies and Materials 133.57 150.03
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express 988.11 938.21
Travel Expense 2,985.30 2,561.89
Printing and Binding 6,560.11 4,870.00
Motor Vehicle Operation 171.82
Repairs and Alterations 4.11 12.00
General Expense 130.00 356.66
Insurance and Bonding 331.25 371.25
Equipment 13.17 385.36
Repairs to Building 185.00
Contributions, Retirement System 530.43
Total $ 32,023.04 $ 30,116.40
34 Biennial Report
state warehouse system
statement of receipts
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
1941-42 1940-41
Interest on Bonds $ 14,628.75 $ 8,985.00
Interest on Loans 13,342.71 14,835.01
Leases ^ 302.00 330.00
Sale Warehouse Supplies 7,376.32 5,921.80
Sale Loose Cotton 249.28
Miscellaneous 1.10
Total _^_ $ 35,650.88 $ 30,321.09
Treasurer's Cash, Supervision Account $ 48,682.22 $ 44,861.01
Treasurer's Cash, Principal Fund 56,851.09 35,562.48
Total Investments and Loans at June 30, 1942 $586,113.69
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
1941-42 1940-41
Salary, Superintendent $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00
Salaries, Staff 10,518.49 6,918.83
Supplies and Materials 529.38 122.58
Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express 261.73 206.05
Travel Expense 8,425.28 5,914.31
Printing and Binding 92.84 50.95
Equipment . 102.22 302.50
Office and Standard Testing Apparatus 470,83
Total $ 23,400.77 $ 16,515.22
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
1941-42 1940-41
Public Weighmaster Licenses $ 2,560.00 $ 2,555.00
Desk Presser Seals 552.50 362.50
Miscellaneous 30.00 2.99
Total $ 3,142.50 $ 2,920.49
BANG'S DISEASE
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
1941-42 1940-41
Indemnity Diseased Slaughtered Livestock $ 17,893.53 $ 19,431.15
TUBERCULOSIS AND GLANDERS
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
1941-42 1940-41
Indemnity Diseased Slaughtered Livestock $ 50.00 $ 50.00
Commissioner of Agriculture 35
statement of receipts
July 1, 1940-June 30, 1942
1941-42 1940-41
Fertilizer _..-.$298,543.66 $278,331.75
Cotton Seed Meal 24,207.67 32,063.45
Feed 112,212.60 97,146.80
Seed Licenses _. 21,903.00 20,174.00
Condimental Feed 1,960.00 1,320.00
Serum 18,601.15 14,508.13
Costs 2,206.00 1,449.89
Legumes
Linseed Oil 1,895.61 2,635.31
Bleached Flour 12,500.00 14,140.00
Bottling Plants 2,020.00 2,195.00
Ice Cream 2,140.00 1,930.00
Insecticides 2,270.95 2,320.00
Chick Labels 203.55 118.07
Test Farms . 43,933.36 39,931.66
Bakeries 1,575.00 1,940.00
Chicken Tests : 20,828.25 17,113.33
Seed Tags 6,465.61 5,283.82
Seed Tests
Inspection Entomology 2,170.80 2,420.90
Oleomargarine 2,250.00 2,100.00
Branding Cattle 1.50
Rabies 1,094.03 1,503.02
Land Plaster Tags 2,108.28 2,342.77
Agriculture Lime Stamps 2,982.26 2,113.05
Fertilizer Registration 4,382.00 1,555.00
Dynanometer 53.00 55.40
Miscellaneous 88.55 180.69
Feed Registrations 3,646.00 3,456.00
Canned Dog Food Registrations 196.00 315.00
Dog Food Stamps 2,265.54 3,446.44
Soil Containers 17.46
Lime Registrations 430.00 305.00
Land Plaster Registration 50.00 15.00
Livestock Marketing Permits 750.00
Low Grade Fertilizer Tags 2,003.96
Fire Loss, Mountain Test Farm 1,571.06
Total $597,938.33 $553,998.00
Allotment Deposit—
Refund from General Fund $ 4,252.99
Total $597,938.33 $558,250.99
Balance July 1, 1941 $336,385.77
Balance July 1, 1942 351,308.58
36 Biennial Report
TAX RATE ON FEEDING STUFF
TAGS AND STAMPS
25c Per Ton
Tax Tags
Denomination
of Tags Cost Per Tag
100 lb. $ .0125 (1^0
75 lb. .09375 (is/ieO
50 lb. .00625 (%<?)
25 lb. .003125 (%6^)
Tax Stamps
Denomination Cost Per Stamp
100 lb. $ .0125 (1%^)
75 1b. .09375 {Wie<-)
50 lb. .00625 (%<0
25 lb. .003125 (%60
10 lb. .00125 {Vs<-)
81/3 lb. .001041
Price Per
1,000 Tags
Packed 1,000 to Box $12.50
Packed 1,000 to Box 9.38
Packed 1,000 to Box 6.25
Packed 1,000 to Box 3.13
Price Per
1,000 stamps
Bound 1,000 to Book $12.50
Bound 1,000 to Book 9.38
Bound 1,000 to Book 6.25
Bound 1,000 to Book 3.13
Bound 1,000 to Book 1.25
Bound 960 to Book 1.00
Division of Chemistry
B. W. KiLGORE
In the main the work of the Division
of Chemistry of the Department covers
the materials most used as plant food in
growing field and horticultural crops, the
feeds for domestic animals and poultry,
human foods and drugs, insecticides and
fungicides for combatting insect and fun-gus
disease of plants, and the examination
of a large number of materials of a gen-eral
agricultural nature.
For the purpose of this report, the
number of analyses of these various ma-terials
are classified under the following heads
B. W. Kilgore
Fertilizers
Official Fertilizer 10,180
Fertilizers and Fertilizer Materials for farmers 273
Official Feeds 2,438
Miscellaneous Feeds 672
Cottonseed Meal 15
Official Limes and Land Plaster 23
Miscellaneous Limes and Marls 481
Fungicides and Insecticides 125
14,207
The analyses of these various materials have shown that
the goods put on the market of the State were generally of
good quality and what they were claimed to be.
Detailed reports of the analyses were made reasonably
promptly to the persons interested in the analyses.
In the case of fertilizers, in addition to the usual analyses,
determinations were made of magnesium, calcium and sulphur.
Around 4,700 determinations were made for magnesium, 2,200
for calcium and 775 for sulphur. These additional determina-tions
of materials in fertilizers give helpful information to the
farmer who is carefully studying his soil and the crops he
grows for the effect of the different kinds of plant foods.
COMMERCIAL FEEDS
During the biennium the Feed Laboratory made analyses of
3,110 samples. Of this number 2,438 were official samples col-lected
by our inspectors. On each of these official samples, in
addition to the chemical analysis, a check was made of the
ingredients present. Analytical results were reported promptly
to the interested parties.
38 Biennial Report
Inspector taking sample cif fertilizer tci be sent to the laljoratory for analysis.
Owing to abnormal conditions and a scarcity of certain
ingredients it has been found that deviations from the guaran-tee
have increased somewhat, but upon the whole the feeds
offered for sale have been of good quality.
Insecticides and Fungicides
There has been a sizable increase in interest and in the use
of insecticides and fungicides for combatting insect and fungus
diseases of field and horticultural crops. These products are
Commissioner of Agriculture 39
Inspector takes sample of feed fiom farmer's truck to be sent to the laboratory for
analysis.
being used more intelligently and more effectively with the
experience gained in their use and the results obtained from
them. The dependence that is put in these products in growing
crops makes it necessary to see that only proper materials are
put on the market. It has been found that the products in the
main are what are claimed for them.
40 Biennial Report
Foods
In comparison with the work previously done under the
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, that done during the past bien-nium
was characterized by a material increase in sanitary inspec-tion
and regulatory activity, the most significant being constant
vigilance of food producing plants to keep them clean and the
output of their products sanitary. Nine bakeries, five ice cream
plants, two large pickle plants, three candy factories and four
places where sausage and other ground meats were made were
closed due to insanitary conditions and were permitted to reopen
only when cleaned, inspected and approved by either a State
food inspector or by local city health authorities. In a few
instances plants failed to meet the sanitary requirements of the
law and remained closed. In cases of the pickle plants, as inter-state
shipments were involved, the Federal Food and Drug
Administration cooperated with us in inspecting both the plants
and the stock on hand. The plants were closed until cleaned and
put in acceptable sanitary condition.
Much of our inspection work has been in cooperation with
the Federal Food and Drug Administration and with city and
county health authorities.
Comprehensive score cards have been adopted and are now
in use in inspecting and scoring bakeries, bottling plants and
ice cream plants. In making an inspection and grading a plant,
the inspector calls attention to any defects in the plant or to the
insanitary manner in which it is operated and makes sugges-tions
for the correction of such conditions.
Seasonal inspections have been made of canneries packing
vegetables, fruits, fish and fish roe, and candy factories. The
importance, not only of sanitation, but also of the packing of
canned goods so they will come up to U. S. Standard Grade, has
been emphasized. Attention also has been called to proper label-ing
in line with the requirements of both the State and Federal
laws and regulations. Inspections have also included flour mills,
grist mills, grocery stores and many other places manufactur-ing
and handling food products.
Total number of inspections made 6,546
Filth and Other Forms of Contamination
Including Insect Infestation
Filth and various other forms of contamination, some of
which resulted from insanitary manufacturing or storage con-ditions,
accounted for the seizure of:
17 cans of herring roe. 120 cans of assorted vegetables,
2 cars of corn meal. meats and fruits.
100 pounds of candy. 5,554 pounds of flour.
465 cases of canned field peas. 45 pounds of meal.
500 pounds of miscellaneous canned 40 barrels of relish.
goods and cereals. 28 cases of relish.
300 pounds of evaporated apples. 12 pounds of raisins.
Commissioner of Agriculture 41
Adulteration and Misbranding
The following products were seized because they were either
adulterated, misbranded, improperly labeled or not labeled in
any form
:
72 gallons of vinegar. 20 gallons of molasses.
19 jars of mayonnaise. 34 bottles of lemon flavor.
62 pounds of paprika. 3,156 packages of candy.
19 pounds of Chili Powder. 100 packages of cake.
26 gallons of cherries. 7 gallons saur kraut.
23 gallons of horse radish. 1,837 cans of syrup.
137 pounds of coffee. 36 cartons of vanilla extract.
157 jars of molasses. 36 cartons of lemon extract.
Foods Seized Due to Decoiwposition and Spoilage
As a result of decomposition in whole or in part seizures
were made of the following lots
:
264 cases of oysters.
9 cans of hucklebex'ries.
2 cans of strawberries.
Liver mush, sausage and other
ground meats.
20 gallons ice cream mix.
2,500 pounds of assorted groceries.
2 pounds of spiced beans.
500 pounds of miscellaneous can-ned
goods.
79 crates of lettuce.
11 cans of corn.
42 packages of wafers.
288 pounds of evaporated apples.
1,924 pounds of flour.
792 cartons of cakes and cereals.
25 pounds of cake.
75 pounds of chocolate.
100 pounds of cookies.
25 pounds of stick candy.
As these goods were unfit for human consumption, they were
either destroyed or denatured and permitted to be sold or other-wise
disposed of for animal feed.
Flood and Fire Damaged Goods
Large quantities of groceries were damaged by flood and
by fire, and by water and chemicals incident to the fire.
During August, 1940, large stocks of groceries were so
damaged by flood waters as to render them unfit for human
consumption. As some of these goods involved interstate ship-ments,
Federal Food and Drug inspectors cooperated with our
inspectors in the inspection and destruction of these damaged
food products. Practically all of these groceries were so badly
damaged that they were a total loss for human consumption.
Among these were the following:
Elkin, N. C.
1,820 cans of syrup.
61 pounds of shortening.
14 gallons of syrup.
12 baskets of assorted bottles of
flavors.
53 bottles of castor oil.
33 bottles of assorted flavoring
extract.
10 quarts of cucumber pickles.
73 jars of apple butter.
46 quarts of vinegar.
42 Biennial Report
North Wilkesboro, N. C.
17 cases of baking powder.
386 packages of tea.
958 packages of baking powder.
144 pounds of lard.
14,000 pounds of dry salt meat.
26,304 pounds of flour.
Marshall, N. C.
1,080 pounds of salt meat.
558 pounds of lard.
3,024 pounds of sugar.
395 pounds of peanut butter.
75 pounds of English walnuts.
54 pounds of candy.
161 boxes of assorted candies.
312 packages of cocoa.
255 pounds of mustard.
25 packages of raisins.
2,264 pounds of bicarbonate of soda.
130 bottles of clives.
280 bottles of cherries.
700 jars of mayonnaise.
24 packages of marshmallows.
6 packages of vanilla wafers.
140 cans (1 lb. each) chocolate
syrup.
20 pounds of smoke salt.
Dillsboro, N. C.
21 pounds smoke salt.
39 packages of cereal.
119 pounds of shortening.
4 packages of macaroni.
2 packages of cocoanut.
4 quarts of salad dressing.
11 pounds of coff"ee.
146 packages of black pepper.
5 pounds of oleomargarine.
76 pounds of flour.
10 pounds of salt meat.
19 pounds of cocoa.
270 packages of sausage seasoning.
7 pounds of peanut butter.
3 packages of gelatin.
1 gallon of syrup.
Chandler, N. C.
100 pounds of corn meal.
144 pounds of flour.
75 pounds of sugar.
5 cartons of crackers.
69 pounds of side meat.
72 pounds of shortening.
10 (5-lb. cans) syrup.
10 pounds of honey.
5 bottles of vinegar.
30 lbs. of cheese.
200 pounds of candy.
200 sandwiches.
480 cream mint puffs.
4 gallons of mayonnaise.
10 gallons of mustard.
864 bags of salted peanuts.
231 boxes of assorted candies.
1,255 pounds of salt.
Canton, N. C.
Waynesville, N. C.
184 pounds of lard.
50 pounds of sugar.
14 pounds of baking powder.
19 pounds of coffee.
75 pounds of beans.
24 pounds of cocoa.
65 bottles of assorted soft drinks.
1,015 pounds of salt.
Hazelwood, N. C.
9 pounds of oat meal.
72 cartons of baking soda.
8 pounds of cocoa.
36 pounds of coffee.
24 bottles of tomato catsup.
35 jugs of vanilla extract.
250 pounds of salt.
10 pounds of bulk candy.
Culloiuhee, N. C.
48 pounds of flour.
1 quart of soft drink syrup.
2 pints of cherry concentrate.
3 quarts of root beer.
7 quarts of salad dressing.
Commissioner of Agriculture 43
Tuckaseigee, N. C.
This town was practically in- sible to make a record of the good
undated and all gi'oceries were so destroyed. All groceries were either
badly damaged by water and cov- dumped into creek or burned,
ered with mud that it was impos-
Kinston, N. C.
46 cans of baking powder. 100 pounds of rice.
3 cans (15 pounds) of syrup. 48 pounds of flour.
105 pounds of sugar. 480 cartons of baking soda.
Among groceries damaged by fire, and by water and chemicals
incident to the fire, and being unfit for human food or animal
feed, the following were destroyed
:
Charlotte, N. C.
Two truck loads, approximately 270 packages of cereals.
2,000 pounds, consisting of flour, 35 loaves of bread,
canned meats, vegetables, soups, 78 bakery cakes,
milk and other groceries. 95 pounds of salt meat.
From a burned store: 20 pounds of sausage.
253 cans of meat. 76 packages of spaghetti and
48 cans of soup. macaroni.
27 bottles of condiments. 97 jars of mayonnaise and salad
172 packages of baby food. dressing.
127 cans of assorted fruits. 15 stalks of celery.
29 cans of salmon. 36 heads of lettuce.
113 cans of vegetables. 30 pounds of green beans.
1,356 pounds of flour. 10 pounds of squash.
Spai'ta, N. C.
One truck load of canned goods juice, carrots, soup and bottled
consisting of corn, kraut, tomato catsup.
Labeling
A total of 7,965 labels on packages of food were examined
and of that number 4,371 labels were incorrect or carried insuffi-cient
or misleading information. A label should tell the pur-chaser
what he is getting, and while many labels require addi-tional
information, every label should show the name of the
article, the net contents of the package, and the name and address
of the manufacturer or jobber responsible for the sale of the
product.
When packages of foods were found that either carried no
labels, or insufficient or misleading information, the inspectors
gave the necessary instructions for proper labeling and if these
instructions were carried out the sale of the goods was per-mitted
to be continued. In some instances permission was given
to return the goods to the manufacturer for proper labeling.
But in cases where misbranding and adulteration could not be
corrected by any form of labeling, the goods were either de-stroyed
or denatured and permitted to be sold or otherwise
disposed of for purposes other than for human consumption.
44 Biennial Report
Analyses
A total of 1,550 samples have been analyzed or otherwise
examined. The purpose of these analyses and examinations was
to determine
:
(1) Filth: Filth in samples was due to carelessness in manu-facturing
or carelessness in handling in storage or by grocers.
Such samples showed the presence of insects, rat excreta and
hairs, worms and other miscellaneous foreign substances.
(2) Fraud by Adulteration and Misbranding : These samples
were those labeled and represented to conform to standard
requirements of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and regula-tions
and standards thereunder, but failed to meet such require-ments.
(3) Spr-ay Residue: These samples consisted of vegetables
and fruits. In an effort to exterminate the Japanese beetle, areas
where it was found were heavily sprayed. Many citizens respond-ing
to the request for Victory Gardens planted vegetables in
some of these sprayed lots, and in a few instances arsenic above
the tolerance allowed under the Federal regulations was found
in some fresh vegetables from lots recently sprayed, but in
most of these samples the arsenic present was well below the
permitted tolerance. Samples of apples were examined for spray
residue, but in no instance was arsenic found above the allowed
tolerance.
(4) Foods Caniied in the State: To assist canners in the
State in putting up U. S. Standard Grade products, a number of
samples have been examined and when samples were found that
failed to meet such requirements, the canners have been advised
wherein their products were not up to U. S. Standard Grade
and suggestions were made as to how to raise the standard of
their goods.
(5) Miscellaneous and Unofficial Samples: These samples
consisted of a variety, such as human foods, animal and poultry
feeds, beverages, and viscera of animals where there was indi-cation
or suspicion of poisons, water, alcoholic beverages, and
other substances for chemical analyses or identification, and
soils and water containing substances supposed to be harmful
to plants.
On analyses for poisons and deleterious substances, of thirty-one
food samples, eleven were positive ; sixty-seven feed samples,
eight were positive; twenty-nine animal viscera, ten were posi-tive
; twelve beverages, eight were positive ; five miscellaneous
samples, four were positive. Poisons appeared in approximately
28% of these samples. Circumstances indicated their presence
to be due largely to accident or carelessness, though malice was
not entirely absent.
Commissioner of Agriculture 45
Other miscellaneous samples consisted of foods and beverages
in which adulteration was suspected; water to determine suit-ability
for boiler use, causes of corrosiveness or general mineral
content; and a variety of materials for identification.
Drugs
Comparatively little work has been done toward enforcing
that part of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act relating to drugs.
This has been due to (1) shortage of funds and (2) the induction
of our pharmaceutical chemist into the army and the appoint-ment
of the senior chemist handling this feature of the labora-tory
work to a Federal position. So far we have not been able
to secure the services of chemists prepared to take over this
work.
Collaboration with Other Departments
Analytical work done for other State and Station Depart-ments
not included in other reports from this Department is
summarized as follows
:
(1) Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Determinations : In coopera-tion
with the Department of Horticulture of State College,
analytical determinations were made of approximately two
hundred samples of plant material relating to the eifect of
certain soil constituents and conditions respecting the continu-ous
growth of peach trees on old plots of long standing.
(2) Cooperative Work Relative to the Production of Beef
Cattle in North Carolina: Pursuant to the interest in this State
a study of the role of forest grazing in beef cattle production, an
understanding for cooperative work was entered into by the
Department of Agriculture, the North Carolina and Georgia
Agricultural Experiment Stations and the Forest Service and
the Bureaus of Animal and Plant Industries, United States
Department of Agriculture, in which were utilized funds pro-vided
by Federal appropriation and the lands, facilities and per-sonnel
of the cooperating agencies.
This work included surveys of beef cattle production, methods
of feeding, the utilization of native forage, biological and chem-ical
studies of this forage and of beef cattle feeding on it. In
these studies Department workers made feed and mineral
analyses of native wild grasses and forage plants and of blood
specimens from cattle.
The work was concluded in the latter part of 1941, copies of
the results being submitted to the State Experiment Station and
Federal Bureaus for incorporation in their records and also
included in the Department records. The work on the part of
the Department on feeds was done by L. M. Nixon and on blood
by E. W. Constable.
46 Biennial Report
Improvement in Laboratory Facilities
Changing conditions, deterioration and new demands peri-odically
call for renovation and rebuilding of laboratories. Two, —Nitrogen and Potash,—were rebuilt during the current
biennium.
Space and facilities for the nitrogen laboratory were increased
approximately thirty per cent. Gas burning equipment was
replaced by electrically heated types of most efficient and up-to-date
design thus eliminating combustion fumes and much unde-sirable
heat. Lighting, ventilation, and working conditions were
greatly improved. The potash laboratory was renovated, facili-ties
added and working conditions improved. In design, efficiency
and working conditions these laboratories compare well with the
best of their kind.
D. R. Graham
Credit Union Division
D. R. Graham
During the two-year period ending June
30, 1942, credit unions operating under the
supervision of this Department have
shown a marked increase in both numbers
and assets. Due to the Federal restrictions,
however, no increase whatever has been
shown in loans outstanding, the increase
of approximately $600,000 in assets being
reflected in cash on hand and in banks
and purchases of government bonds.
Under existing Federal regulations in-stallment
loans can not be made for a
period longer than twelve months. This,
together with the rapidly decreasing supply of durable goods,
has considerably lessened the demand for short-term credit.
The appeal of the Government for the purchase of War Bonds
and Stamps has been met with enthusiasm by our credit unions.
Several of them have qualified as issuing agents for War Bonds,
and a number of them have invested all or part of their cash
reserve in these bonds.
During the period 38 credit unions were organized and 13
charters were cancelled. Five of the cancellations resulted from
charters being issued to groups which never began operations.
The credit unions organized were distributed as follows : busi-ness,
professional and industrial groups, 17 ; State and Govern-ment
employees, 5 ; rural community, 1 white, 7 negro ; urban
community, 3 white, 2 negro ; teachers, 3 negro.
All credit unions have been examined at least twice during
the biennium and the few irregularities found have been
corrected.
A considerable number of credit union loans have been
frozen by reason of the fact that the borrowers have entered mili-tary
service. It is not anticipated, however, that the freezing of
these loans will seriously handicap credit unions, and it is the
accepted policy to make no effort to collect loans from men in
the service. Some credit unions have gone so far as to waive
interest on these loans.
During the biennium our credit unions made 57,611 loans
aggregating $5,158,986.95. A major portion of these loans were
made during the first 18 months of the period and since Janu-ary
1, 1942 loans have fallen off sharply.
The condensed statement below shows that 27,094 credit
union members have accumulated resources of $2,105,582.29.
These savings were accumulated largely because of the fact that
credit unions provide an easy and convenient place where a
48 Biennial Report
member may save small amounts of money which he would not
normally deposit in a bank. It is safe to assume that without
credit unions practically none of this money would have been
saved.
We anticipate little growth in credit unions for the duration
of the war as credit union officials are going all out in their effort
to promote the sale of War Bonds and Stamps to their mem-bership.
June 30, 1940 June 30, 1942
Active Credit Unions 125 150
Total Members 22,466 27,094
Total Assets $ 1,593,380.89 $ 2,105,582.29
Number of Loans Made Since
Organization 89,463 147,074
Amount of Loans Made Since
Organization $10,704,704.67 $15,863,691.62
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF CREDIT UNIONS
AS AT JUNE 30, 1942
Resources
Loans to Members $ 1,385,473.53
Cash on Hand and in Banks 423,237.87
Other Assets 296,870.89
$ 2,105,582.29
Liabilities
Shares $ 1,618,476.58
Deposits 270,315.54
Other Liabilities 45,945.49
Reserve (Guaranty Fund) 100,510.40
Surplus and Undivided Profits 70,334.28
$ 2,105,582.29
C. W. Pegram
Dairy Division
C. W. Pegram
The past biennial period was the most
active and successful one since the organ-ization
of the Dairy Division. During this
time the dairy industry has made out-standing
growth and development. Milk
purchases, as reported by plants, increased
approximately 100 per cent from 1939 to
1941. The 1941 gross farm income from
dairy products, as estimated by the Fed-eral-
State Crop Reporting Service, was an
all-time high totaling $39,572,000, repre-senting
a cash income of $14,430,000.
The enforcement of the Babcock test law has had its effect
on the growth of the industry. Thirty thousand check tests were
made in the 1,642 investigations at 90 plants and stations during
this period covering the supervision of 140 licensed testers,
weighers, and samplers. This is an increase of 5,177 checks over
the past biennial with 167 more investigations and an increase
of 25 plants and stations. Inspections consist of determining the
accuracy of the work done by licensed testers, weighers, samp-lers,
and the equipment used. The greatest factors causing inac-curate
tests are carelessness and unreliable methods in sampling
and testing. Scales and balances were checked for accuracy
periodically in cooperation with the Division of Weights and
Measures.
The most effective system of securing results involves main-tenance
of an active year-round program at all plants and
receiving stations. This supervision is very necessary due to the
fact that plant personnels are constantly making changes which
requires the training of new testers. In addition to regular test
investigations, special check-ups are made for dairymen request-ing
same.
Testers are not issued licenses until they have been examined
for the purposes of determining their ability to make practical
and reliable tests of milk and cream.
The Dairy Division protects the dairy farmer and honest
manufacturer against inaccurate butterfat tests and the careless
weighing of milk and cream. This work is carried on by the con-tinuous
supervision of weighers, samplers, and testers and
50 cream routemen at 90 buying plants and stations. All testing
and weighing equipment is checked at periodic intervals for
accuracy. Approximately 1,700 plant investigations are made
annually with 30,000 check tests being made. The system of
supervision is similar to that carried on in leading dairy states.
50 Biennial Report
A moHern milk receiving: station. New markets are afforded milk producers by the
location of stations of this type.
Definite regulations regarding the weighing, sampling, and
testing of milk and cream have been established.
This work is very important to the industry, and it is esti-mated
that if 0.2 per cent error was made on all tests through
careless sampling and testing, this would cause an annual loss
of approximately $100,000.00 to the dairymen and cream pro-ducers
of the state.
The purpose of this program is to require that accurate work
be done and then to establish confidence between buyer and seller
which is important as a basis on which to build the dairy indus-try
in North Carolina.
The Division is also cooperating with the Federal Crop
Reporting Service in securing semi-annual reports relating to
the production of milk and dairy products within the state.
This information supplies data relative to the growth and trend
of production in dairying.
The Milk Audit Law is also supervised by this division.
Reports of purchases and sales of milk from 66 plants are
received and verified each month. This service has been of great
value in establishing confidence and stability in the fast grow-ing
industry.
Commissioner of Agriculture 51
Babcock Test Law
(Chapter 550 Public Laws 1933)
Buying plants and stations supervised 90
Plant investigations 1 ,642
Butterfat check tests 20,498
Butterfat tests supervised 5,463
Sample tests 4,108 30,069
Testers, Weighers and Samplers licensed (annually) 140
Testers licenses suspended 2
Cream routemen's reports checked 22
Tests found incorrect (adjustments made) 650
Test notices mailed , 5,307
Cream balances checked 14
Ci'eam balances condemned 2
Testing equipment condemned 4
Oleomargarine inspections 522
Wholesale Oleomargarine licenses issued 57
Bottles calibrated 300
Meetings attended in connection with Dairy
Marketing and Milk Auditing Law 43
Visits made to dairy farms 46
Visits made to dairy plants re-statistics 18
Milk and cream scales checked (In cooperation
with Bureau of Weights and Measures) 190
Scales condemned for repairs 38
Weights confiscated 7
Special test investigations 75
Testers trained 50
Examinations given testers 50
Reports received and verified under Milk Auditing Law 568
Auditors plant visits 113
Plant audits 12
Milk Audit Law
(Chapter 162 Public Laws of N. C. 1940)
This law was enacted by the 1940 Legislature, and has made
it possible to save thousands of dollars for dairymen through the
elimination of certain buying plans and trade practices. Monthly
reports of milk purchases and sales are required of milk dis-tributors
buying on classification plan, or where plants are buy-ing
inspected and uninspected milk. While unusual market
demands for milk have prevailed during the operation of this
law, it is significant that surplus milk has been reduced from
approximately ten per cent to practically nothing. In most cases
distributors have cooperated in this work, and the results should
make for stabilization of the industry in the state.
52 Biennial Report
Milk receiving—weighing anrt sampling. Accurate weighing and representative
samples are important.
Purchases of Grade A Milk from Producers as Reported
BY Milk Distributors
1941 Total
Purchases
Class 1 %
7,569,985 84.95
7,846,076 85.25
8,726,521 86.98
8,482,116 91.50
7,874,190 91.24
7,378,150 92.59
7,899,061 92.31
7,969,215 93.37
7,955,953 93.08
9,183,780 94.07
9,653,058 95.19
10,359,948 96.47
Spec. Price
Army %
Camps, Etc.
502,050 5.63
393,663 4.33
500,806 4.99
545,860 5.89
614,072 7.12
349,286 4.38
486,939 5.69
444,750 5.21
515,289 6.03
544,630 5.58
463,302 4.57
373,615 3.48
Surplus or
Low Price
Milk
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1942
January
February
March
April
May
8,911,478
9,203,721
10,033,040
9,270,392
8,629,928
7,968,268
8,556,820
8,534,982
8,546,994
9,762,352
10,140,344
10,738,500
839,443
958,982
805,713
242,416
141,666
240,832
170,820
121,017
75,752
33,942
23,984
4,937
9.42
10.42
8.03
2.61
1.64
3.03
2.00
.35
.24
.05
Commissioner of Agriculture 53
Dairy Statistics for North Carolina
(Chapter 327—Public Laws N. C. 1939)
Each year the Dairy Division in cooperation with the Federal-
State Crop Reporting Service obtains valuable statistics showing
the development of the dairy industry in North Carolina. All
milk plants, ice cream plants and creameries report the amount
of milk purchased and the dairy products manufactured during
the past calendar year.
This information is of special value during the present
emergency when much data is necessary in planning the grov^^h
of the dairy industry of the state. Listed below are the figures
for the years 1939-1941:
1939 1940 1941
Whole Milk purchased as reported by plants—pounds..
Whole Milk sold for fluid consumption—pounds
Cream sold for fluid consumption—gaUons..
Creamery butter made—pounds
Ice Cream manufactured by plants—gallons
Ice Cream manufactured by counter freezers—gaUons_.
Total Ice Cream manufactured—gallons
Total Sherbets manufactured—gallons
Total Ice Milk manufactured—gallons
Ice Cream mix sold—gallons
Cottage, Pot & Bakers Cheese manufactured—^pounds _
Unsweetened skimmed milk manufactured—pounds
100,
61
955,354
307,000
290,000
366,000
477,000
173,000
650,000
504,000
285,000
211,000
928,000
145,883,458
75,942,000
241,000
2,357,000
3,862,000
339,000
4,201,000
599,000
406,000
283,000
301,000
205,047,914
109,975,904
283,276
2,315,603
5,908,578
385,023
6,293,601
134,995
812,779
583,755
298,398
3,770,683
Testing milk for butterfat. The testing of milk is of a technical nature and for accurate
results it is necessary that every detail be followed carefully.
Division of Entomology
C. H. Brannon
The Division of Entomology is charged
with the responsibility of administering
the State plant pest regulations and laws.
It also has charge of enforcement of the
North Carolina Bee Disease Law, This
Division cooperates with the U. S. Bureau
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine in
White Pine Blister Rust control, Phony
^ Peach Disease eradication, Japanese
'' Beetle control, scouting for European
c. H. Brannon Com Borer infestation, Potato Tuber
Moth scouting. White Fringe Beetle scout-ing
and other cooperative projects.
The valuable work of insect identification, filing of insect
records and care of the vast collection is also an important phase
of our activities.
Nursery Inspection
The largest phase of the work of the Division of Entomology
is the annual inspection of all North Carolina Nurseries. This
work is carefully carried out by J. A. Harris and D. L. Wray
and occupies most of their time during July, August and part of
September of each year. The Nurseries of the State give us
hearty cooperation. This inspection service is recognized as one
of the best in the nation and the North Carolina nursery certifi-cate
is accepted by the Federal Government and all states. Two
hundred and twelve nursery certificates were issued for the
1940-41 season and 217 nursery certificates were issued in
1941-42.
Nursery certificates are issued if the nursery satisfactorily
passes inspection and pays the required fee. The nursery inspec-tion
fees are as follows
:
3 acres or less $ 5.00
4 to 10 acres 7.50
11 to 15 acres : 10.00
16 acres 12.50
Each additional acre .10
Nursery Dealer Certificate
Nursery stock dealers are required to pay an annual fee of
$10. This applies to stores or individuals. Forty-nine dealer
certificates were issued in 1940-41 and fifty-three dealer certifi-cates
were issued in 1941-42.
Commissioner of Agriculture 55
Plant Shipping Permit
Those who collect and ship native plants including boxwood
are required to pay an annual fee of $10. Seventeen plant ship-ping
permits were issued in 1940-41 and sixteen plant shipping
permits were issued in 1941-42.
Bond Requirement
A bond of $1,000 is required of all who promise (orally or
written) later attention to nursery stock sold in North Carolina.
Apiary Inspection
The following report is submitted by the State Apiary Inspec-tor,
P. G. Craddock, who is engaged in conducting the splendid
State bee disease control program and carefully enforcing the
State bee disease laws and regulations which give protection
to the bee-keepers of the State:
"Four years ago all of the State east of highway U. S. No. 1
was designated as a clean-up area in which intensive work should
be done in an attempt to eradicate American foulbrood from this
area. The results of this work have been very gratifying and
American foulbrood, the most serious disease affecting bees, has
been reduced in this area to the extent that only an occasional
infected colony is found and the economic loss from it is neg-ligible.
Since many bees are moved back and forth from the
eastern to the western part of the state and some brought in
from other states constant inspecting and re-checking of bees
in this area will be necessary in order to locate and clean up
any new outbreaks of disease before it has a chance to spread.
"Definite progress is being made in controlling disease in the
Piedmont area where for the most part it is found around the
cities and towns and occasionally in rural communities. Much of
the inspection in the Piedmont area has been done in coopera-tion
with county farm agents and vocational teachers. Local
leaders in beekeeping have given excellent cooperation on the
disease control program and in many cases have given much of
this time in helping to locate and clean up outbreaks of disease.
"Additional help will be necessary before adequate inspec-tion
can be provided in the mountain counties. A large percen-tage
of the bees in this area are in box hives which necessitates
an educational program emphasizing the need of getting most of
the bees into movable frame hives before effective inspection and
disease control can be achieved.
"From July 1, 1940 to June 30, 1941—11,958 colonies of bees
were inspected and 235 colonies or 1.97 7f found infected with
American foulbrood. Eleven certificates for queen rearing were
issued during the year.
"From July 1, 1941 to June 30, 1942—13,174 colonies of
bees were inspected and 57 colonies or .004 % were infected with
56 Biennial Report
A North Carolina bee yard.
American foulbrood. Ten certificates for queen rearing were
granted.
"Several apiaries were inspected for northern beekeepers
who keep bees in North Carolina. These apiaries were free
from disease.
"European foulbrood, a disease which affects primarily the
black race of bees, is widely scattered throughout the state. No
regulations have been put into effect on European foulbrood but
much time has been spent in helping beekeepers to control
this disease. There are several minor diseases affecting bees
which have received attention when beekeepers have requested
help in control work.
"The shortage of sugar and higher prices for honey and
beeswax has resulted in a large number of new beekeepers in
the State. This and the loss of Mr. C. L. Sams, Extension Bee
Specialist, has resulted in a great increase in correspondence
on beekeeping matters from this office."
Insect Identification
Insect identification and classification has always been an
important part of this Division's work. Dr. C. S. Brimley, who
since 1919 has had charge of this highly technical field is recog-nized
as one of the foremost authorities in the world. In May
1942 the Division published Dr. Brimley's "Supplement to the
Insects of North Carolina" which brings the published list of
North Carolina insects up to date. The original list, in book
form, was published by the Division in 1938. North Carolina
Commissioner of Agriculture 57
is one of the few states to issue a complete insect list and we
are probably the only state which has brought its annotated list
so up to date.
Blister Rust Control
The Blister Rust disease has been found in North Carolina.
Until recently the program was one of prevention. The disease
spreads from currant and gooseberry bushes to white pine.
Currants and gooseberries are eradicated in close proximity
to white pines in order to prevent the spread of blister rust.
The disease cannot spread from pine to pine.
Five thousand dollars has been allocated each year of the
biennium by the Department to match in part expenditure of
Federal funds.
The State maintains a quarantine which allows no move-ment
of currant or gooseberries into the quarantined area (all
that part of the state including and west of Surry, Wilkes,
Caldwell, Burke, and Rutherford counties). No currants or
gooseberries are allowed to move anywhere in the state except
by special Federal-State permit.
The auditor's report will show the disbursement of the state
fund for this work.
RiBES Eradication
Acres work initial i_ 6,384
Acres worked reeradication 52,127
Total Acres Worked _.. 58,511
Ribes pulled wild 610,389
Ribes pulled cultivated 11,178
Total Ribes Pulled 621,567
Total Man Hours 61,789
Preeradication Survey
Number of counties '. 7
Acres W. P. over 50 trees per acre 54,660
Acres W. P. under 50 trees per acre 15,209
Acres W. P. worth protecting 69,433
Control acreage (W. P. plus Proct. Z.) 156,865
Man hours 46,731
Checking
Acres checked advance 85.0
Acres checked regular 6.5
Acres checked post 1,696.0
Total Acres Checked 1,787.5
Man hours 1,979
Nursery Sanitation
Number nurseries worked 3
Number W. P. in nurseries 4,125
Number acres worked 40
Number ribes destroyed wild 104
Man hours supervision 8
Man hours labor 329
58 Biennial Report
Inspecting a beetle trap.
Commissioner of Agriculture 59
Those who are interested in further details of this program
can refer to the annual reports of Mr. H. B. Teague, the Federal
Superintendent in charge of the program whose headquarters
are in Asheville.
^
Japanese Beetle Control
The State Japanese Beetle quarantine is maintained in
cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine. Mr. C. H. Hill who formerly was in charge of this
work was inducted into the Army in February 1942. Mr. J. B.
Riley assumed Mr. Hill's duties on a part time schedule on
March 1, 1942.
The Japanese Beetle Quarantined area includes—townships
of Broadbay, Middle Fork, Old Town, South Fork and Winston-
Salem in Forsyth County; townships of Morehead and Gilmer
in Guilford County ; township of Salisbury in Rowan County
;
townships of Asheville and Limestone in Buncombe County, and
township of Charlotte in Mecklenburg County.
The Japanese Beetle Quarantine regulation reads in part as
follows
:
No nursery, ornamental, or greenhouse stock, or other
plants, plant roots or sand, soil, peat, compost or manure, should
be transported in any manner from the said infected areas to or
through any other part of the State of North Carolina, unless
a special permit shall have been issued therefor by the North
Carolina Department of Agriculture.
Nursery and greenhouse operators and dealers, after proper
inspection, are issued, without charge, special Japanese Beetle
certificates, one of which must accompany each shipment of
quarantined material out of the quarantined area. Approxi-mately
3,000 Japanese Beetle certificates are issued each year.
Trapping
Japanese beetle traps are placed in certain areas during the
summer to determine the spread of the beetle.
During June and July 1941 Japanese beetle traps were placed
as follows : Asheville 900 ; Burlington 300 ; Charlotte 600 ; Dur-ham
600; Elizabeth City 300; Goldsboro 200; Greensboro 900
Henderson 40; High Point 600; Oxford 12; Lexington 200
Murfreesboro 5 ; Raleigh 600 ; Rocky Mount 300 ; Salisbury 300
Spencer 250; East Spencer 250; Sanford 100; Weldon 100
Wilson 200 ; Wilmington 600 ; Winston-Salem 1200.
From these traps the following Japanese beetles were caught
in 1941: Asheville—(traps operated on control basis to reduce
infestation); Burlington 62; Charlotte 12; Durham 27; East
Spencer 349 ; Elizabeth City 53 ; Goldsboro 2 ; Greensboro 98
;
Hendersonville 5; High Point 84; Lexington 4; Raleigh 68;
Rocky Mount 26; Salisbury 232; Spencer 52; Weldon 13; Wil-mington
52 ; Wilson 8 ; Winston-Salem 97,
60 Biennial Report
During June and July, 1942, the following Japanese beetle
traps were placed : Asheville 200 ; Burlington 200 ; Charlotte
600 ; Durham 600 ; East Spencer 100 ; Elizabeth City 200 ; Fay-etteville
300; Gastonia 200; Goldsboro 200; Greensboro 600;
Hamlet 200; Hendersonville 200; High Point 400; Lexington
100 ; Raleigh 600 ; Reidsville 100 ; Rockingham 100 ; Rocky Mount
200; Salisbury 200; Sanford 100; Thomasville 100; Tarboro
100; Wadesboro 100; Washington 100; Weldon 100; Wilming-ton
500 ; Wilson 200 ; Winston-Salem 600.
The following Japanese beetles were caught in 1942 : Ashe-ville*
; Burlington 3 ; Charlotte 25 ; Durham 5 ; East Spencer 88
Elizabeth City 31; Fayetteville 7; Gastonia 106; Goldsboro 3
Greensboro 19 ; Hamlet 3 ; Hendersonville 1,434 ; High Point 18
Raleigh 46 ; Reidsville 4 ; Rocky Mount 16 ; Salisbury 29 ; Sanford
100 ; Thomasville 1 ; Waynesville 1 ; Weldon 9 ; Wilmington 18
;
Wilson 11; Winston-Salem 23.
Soil Treatment
During the fall of 1940 the following areas were treated with
500 pounds of lead arsenate per acre to kill Japanese beetle grubs
in the soil : Burlington 19 ; Charlotte 12 ; Durham 30 ; East
Spencer 18; Elizabeth City 16; Goldsboro 5; Greensboro 23;
High Point 22; Lexington 5; Raleigh 33; Rocky Mount 21;
Salisbury 21 ; Sanford 5 ; Spencer 21 ; Wilmington 35 ; Winston-
Salem 64.
Soil treatment for Japanese beetle control.
* Traps in Asheville operated on a control basis.
Commissioner of Agriculture 61
During the fall of 1941 the following areas were treated
with 500 pounds of lead arsenate per acre for Japanese beetle
control : Burlington 3 ; Charlotte 12.5 ; Durham 12 ; Greensboro
63.5 ; High Point 80 ; Raleigh 28.5 ; Rocky Mount 30.5 Wilming-ton
10; Winston-Salem 60.
Japanese beetle soil treatment was made possible by special
legislative appropriations which are shown in the Auditor's
report.
Phony Peach Eradicatioyi
J. A. Harris is State Cooperator in charge of this project
which was carried out in cooperation with the Federal govern-ment.
No diseased trees have been found in North Carolina since
1939. In June 1941 all previously known infected properties
and all properties within one mile of these were inspected. No
diseased trees were found. Inspections were made on 1,707
properties which included 67,259 trees in Anson, Polk, Robe-son,
Rutherford and Stanly counties.
In 1942 all properties and adjacent properties found infected
within the past three years were carefully inspected again.
Since no phony disease has been found in North Carolina
for three successive years, we are in a position to be freed from
all quarantines caused by the presence of the disease in the
state. This is one of the most thorough and far-reaching eradi-cation
programs ever carried out in the state and we are the
first Southern State to be classed as "phony free."
Nematod damage in bulb field.
62 Biennial Report
European Corn Borer
Scouting for European Corn Borer was done by J. A. Harris
and D. L. Wray. In the fall of 1940 inspections showed no addi-tional
counties infested (Camden, Currituck and Pasquotank
counties previously reported as infested) but a spread of the
corn borer within the infested area was noticed.
During the inspections in the fall of 1941 Tyrrell County
was also found infested.
Narcissus Bulb Inspection
This valuable inspection service has saved the North Caro-lina
bulb industry from certain destruction. J. A. Harris and
D. L. Wray have carefully carried out this work.
In 1941 field inspections included 115.2 acres on 11 prop-erties.
Nematode was found on 3 properties on bulbs which
had been shipped into North Carolina during the fall of 1940.
Storage inspections of all bulbs not found infested in the field
showed no further infestation.
In 1942 field inspections included 79 acres on 13 properties.
Nematodes were found on 5 properties. With one exception these
infestations were found in bulbs which were shipped into the
state in 1941.
All bulbs showing infestation in 1941 received the approved
hot water treatment and those found infested in 1942 will receive
the hot water treatment this fall.
North Carolina maintains one of the best bulb inspection
services in the Country and out-of-state officials have made
special trips into the state to observe our bulb inspection work.
Our two staff members who conduct this work spend about six
weeks each year on this project.
Potato Tuber Moth Survey
North Carolina was selected as one of 16 states to be included
in a cooperative State-Federal survey of potato areas to deter-mine
the spread of the potato tuber moth. The insect has long
been known to occur over a wide area in North Carolina but it
was decided that a systematic survey was needed. Messrs. Harris
and Wray of our staff found the insect in Camden and Pasquo-tank
counties and Federal inspectors found it in Beaufort and
Pamlico counties.
Randal B. Etheridge
never before
Division of Markets
Randal B. Etheridge
The activities of the Division of Mar-kets
were broader in scope during the
past biennium than at any period during
the history of the Division, v^hich was
partially due to legislation passed by
the General Assembly of 1941 giving in-creased
authority in the field of mar-keting.
The experience which we have
acquired has made it possible for us to be
of greater service to the farmers during
the difficult period we are now experi-encing.
The emergency brought about by
the war presented new and difiicult problems
experienced.
The transportation of farm products by motor trucks, due
to the rubber shortage and gasoline restrictions, has influenced
the method of marketing certain farm products grown or pro-duced
in the State. We have been instrumental in helping indi-viduals,
firms and corporations in getting trucks to transport
farm products and in getting the necessary equipment and
machinery used in the processing of agricultural products.
Assistance was given in getting additional allotments of gaso-line
for several of the truck sections in the eastern part of the
State which made it possible to move perishable commodities a
part of which would otherwise have spoiled. Anticipated labor
shortage for harvesting was pointed out to the growers and
they were directed the procedure to follow to procure labor
camps. Technical information has been furnished to the Depart-ment
of Conservation and Development which was seeking to
bring new industries into the State and also to the State Utilities
Commission in connection with rates on agricultural products.
Marketing Authority
The Act creating the State Marketing Authority declared it
to be the policy of the State to promote, encourage and develop
the orderly and efficient marketing of products of the home
and farm. Broad powers to carry out the policy were authorized.
To secure these aims, there was created an incorporated public
agency composed of the members of the State Board of Agri-culture
with the Commissioner of Agriculture as Chairman.
Markets and marketing organizations associated with the
Authority are as follows
:
Raleigh: The Raleigh-State market was organized for the
purpose of making available to the growers in the State a
64 • Biennial Report
terminal market for fruits and vegetables, field crops, poultry
and eggs and miscellaneous farm products. One of our employees
is in charge of the market. Eight hundred truck and trailer loads
of miscellaneous vegetables were sold through this market, mak-ing
a total of 7,605,090 pounds. In addition, 10,429 pounds of
poultry were sold for $2,000.27.
Smithfield: The County Commissioners of Johnston County
erected a building for the handling of fruits and vegetables, field
crops, poultry and eggs and miscellaneous farm products. A
representative of the Division directed the operation in its en-tirety,
and the farmers sold twenty-six different farm products
for which they received $23,752.58. In addition, 8,170 bushels of
cucumbers were sold for processing. There would have been no
market for a considerable part of the produce sold at this market
due to the fact that the farmers brought in small quantities
and there were no local buyers to handle many of the products
sold.
Kinston: We assisted in organizing and in the marketing of
fruits and vegetables and poultry and eggs. This market fur-nished
an outlet for the growers in five or six counties in that
section of the State and 2,288 cases of eggs were sold for which
the farmers received $21,628.16; and 605,400 pounds of poultry
for which they received $107,784.60. In addition, 21,620 packages
of produce, principally snap beans, potatoes, and corn were sold.
Wallace: A representative helped the management in direct-ing
the auction market. On this market the farmers sold 717,333
packages of fruits and vegetables, amounting to $1,329,130.20.
Clinton: A representative worked with the management of
the Clinton Produce Exchange in selling at the auction market
302,183 packages of miscellaneous fruits and vegetables. For
the produce sold on this market, the farmers received $313,384,16.
Mount Olive: One of the specialists supervised the auction
market. There were sold on this market 283,893 packages of
fruits and vegetables. For this produce the farmers were paid
approximately $230,000.00.
Faison: At the request of the City Commissioners, we
assigned a representative to that auction market and he assumed
full responsibility for the management. The farmers sold 158,286
packages of fruits and vegetables for which they received
$232,251.03.
Castle Hayfie: Assistance in the various functions of market-ing
of lettuce, beans, beets, squash, cucumbers, peppers and
other truck crops was given to the members of the Castle Hayne
Growers and Shippers.
Wrightsboro: A specialist assisted in the various functions
of marketing of beets, beans, lettuce, cucumbers, peppers, squash
and other vegetable crops for members of the Hanover Mutual
Exchange.
Commissioner of Agriculture 65
Goldsboro: The Wayne Farmers Cooperative Service and
Exchange placed their facilities and services of their organiza-tion
under the provisions of the Act. General assistance has
been given.
Elizabeth City: A representative assisted in the management
of the auction market and educational work in the grading and
preparation of fresh peas for market was given.
Candor: The Candor Roadside Market furnishes an excellent
outlet for products grown in Montgomery, Richmond, Moore and
Scotland counties. The City Commissioners passed an ordinance
requiring that all produce sold on that market be sold on the
basis of grade. Our representative managed the market in 1941
and he was given authority to prevent the sale of products of
no market value. Nine hundred and seventy-three truckloads of
produce, consisting principally of cantaloups, watermelons,
peaches and tomatoes were sold on this market.
Whiteville: We organized a pecan market to serve that sec-tion
of the State and sold for the farmer's account 106,430
pounds of pecans. They received $9,046.55 for them.
Sanford: Specialists organized and managed an auction
market for Lee and the adjoining counties for poultry, and all
of the surplus eggs brought in were sold for the farmers. At
this market we sold 48,185 pounds of poultry, amounting to
$9,321.21 and 443 cases of eggs were sold for $2,917.82. Assist-ance
was given in the grading of poultry and eggs,
Fairmont: Representatives of the Department assisted in
organizing, grading and in helping sell the poultry and eggs
at the poultry auction market. 23,184 pounds of poultry were
sold for which the growers were paid $4,868.64 and 1,800 dozen
eggs were marketed.
Rocky Mou7it: Assistance was given in the grading of poultry
and eggs at the poultry auction market.
Handlers' Act
For a number of years the farmers have been encouraged to
grow certain truck crops by individuals, firms, and corporations
who agreed in writing to buy the products at a specified price,
based on grades or specifications formulated wholly or in part
by the buyer. Years in which the market price of the product
was such that the handler would show a profit by fulfilling his
contract the products would be accepted. Years in which the
price prevailed low and there was no opportunity for a profit
many contractors, principally out-of-state firms, would grade
so rigidly that the growers would become discouraged and dis-continue
the harvesting of the crop ; or, the contractors would,
without informing the farmers of their intention, close their
office and leave. And, since there was no other outlet, the cost
of producing the crop, in many cases, would be a total loss. To
66 Biennial Report
correct this situation the General Assembly of 1941 passed legis-lation,
"An Act to Authorize the Regulation of Unfair Practices
by Handlers of Farm Products," Chapter 359, Public Laws, which
requires that individuals, firms and corporations who incur or
may incur financial liability furnish to the Commissioner of
Agriculture sufficient and satisfactory evidence of their ability
to carry out their contract or furnish a satisfactory bond in an
amount not to exceed ten thousand ($10,000) dollars. The Act
was enforced and the growers can now contract with the assur-ance
that they will be protected.
Fruits and Vegetables
Specialists instructed growers in modern marketing practices,
including proper stage of maturity at which to harvest certain
crops, proper handling and grading, processing, packing and
loading and helped in making sales. Assistance in the functions
of marketing was given to producers in virtually every county
growing fruits and vegetables for commercial purposes.
Representatives met with organized groups in practically
all producing areas at which time information was furnished
with respect to marketing practices which had proven profit-able
to growers in this and other states, pointing out to them
that all purchases made by the Government for Lend-Lease ship-ment
and purchases made also by the Army and the Navy and
the commercial trade were bought on the basis of Federal
standards; and, in order to sell to them, it would be necessary
that the products be graded to meet these standards. More than
five thousand farmers attended these meetings held throughout
the State. Considerable effort was spent in bringing to the atten-tion
of the producers the use of modern facilities for grading
and processing. They were urged to buy the equipment in order
to more successfully compete with other states.
Intensive work was carried on with the strawberry growers
in Wayne, Duplin, Pender, Columbus and Sampson counties in
the grading and preparation of strawberries for market. Those
growers who packed strawberries under the program received
an attractive premium. The proper stage of maturity at which
cantaloups should be harvested was brought to the attention of
growers in Scotland and Chowan counties. A specialist assisted
potato growers in Robeson and Bladen counties in the harvest-ing
and grading and ail offered for sale were sold for the grow-ers'
account. One specialist worked with the growers in Robeson
and adjoining counties advising them with reference to the
best methods of harvesting, grading and packing tomatoes.
Growers in Macon, Jackson, Transylvania, Henderson, Haywood,
Buncombe, Avery, Polk, Surry, Wilkes and Madison counties
Commissioner of Agriculture 67
were informed of modern marketing practices, including the
proper methods of grading and packing apples, snap beans and
other fruits and vegetables grown in those counties. Assistance
was, also, given in securing and operating grading machinery
and in the marketing of certain commodities. Considerable help
was given to the growers of sweet potatoes in Johnston, Harnett,
Cumberland, Nash, Rutherford, Polk, Richmond, Montgomery,
Craven, Carteret, Lee, Robeson, Martin and Beaufort counties
in an effort to relieve an acute marketing problem during the
late spring months of 1942 which was brought about by a large
production of sweet potatoes in the country and the lack of motor
truck buyers to which they had been accustomed for a number
of years.
The North Carolina Peach Growers Society unanimously
requested that we assign a representative to the peach section
in 1941 for the purpose of requiring that all peaches packed
conform to the grade as marked on the package which was done.
At their request, one specialist was assigned to work with the
merchandising committee of the Society. He was in charge of
the advertising campaign which consisted of display advertise-ments
in the newspapers and the daily announcements made over
several of the radio stations in the State.
A serious situation developed in 1942 due to a shortage of
strawberry crates and one of our representatives acted promptly
in alleviating the situation by locating thousands of used con-tainers.
Conferences were held with members of the processing
industry which resulted in the establishment of a cold pack plant
at Wilmington capable of using 4,000 crates of strawberries
daily. Plans were made for the processing of berries with sulphur
dioxide for Lend-Lease purposes. Prices remained at a level
sufficient to move the crop to a better advantage through the
regular channels and the processing of berries with sulphur
dioxide was not used.
In recent years the eight or nine thousand cars of Irish
potatoes produced in North Carolina were shipped in burlap
bags. The emergency created an acute situation in burlap ; and,
in an effort to get containers in which to move the crop in
1942, we were instrumental in getting plants which formerly
made barrels to reopen. We helped these plants to get the neces-sary
equipment and the materials used in making containers
which required a high priority rating. Assistance was, also,
given to other plants in getting priority for materials used in
making miscellaneous fruit and vegetable packages. It appeared
that we would experience difficulty this year in getting enough
cars to move the crop, based on 24,000 pounds per car which
has been the weight loaded in recent years. To conserve trans-
68 Biennial Report
Inspecting peaches in the sandhills.
portation, growers and shippers were urged to load 30,000
pounds.
One specialist was located at Washington, North Carolina,
for the purpose of furnishing the growers and shippers accurate,
up-to-date information which would guide them in selling the
crop. Since prices fluctuate from day to day due to increased or
decreased carlot movement, this information was furnished each
day. The program has to do with stabilizing the price for the
whole area during a given period, based on market conditions.
A representative working in cooperation with other State
and Federal institutions made a survey in twenty-two counties
in western North Carolina to secure information on the market-ing
practices and available market facilities. The information
obtained has been used in developing marketing programs in that
section of the State.
Commissioner of Agriculture 69
A very large percentage of fruits and vegetables marketed by
the growers in North Carolina is bought and sold on