Biennial report North Carolina Department of Agriculture |
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C6e ili&rarp of tf>e Ontoersitp of Jl3ort& Carolina Collection of j$ortfj Catoliniana C6>3oC> \^So /SSL EBEKE2 F NC- AT CHApEL HILL 1111 00033953570 This book must not be taken from the Library building. r , f} >r-r: Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/biennialrepagric19501952 BIENNIAL REPORT for 7950=7952 NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE L. Y. BALLENTINE, Commissioner RALEIGH. N. C. C£3o,k TABLE OF CONTENTS Board of Agriculture 8 Personnel 9 Commissioner's Summary 16 Highlights of Board Meetings 19 Accounting Division 24 Chemistry Division 29 Fertilizers, Fertilizer and Liming Materials 29 Commercial Feeds 30 Economic Poisons 31 Linseed Oils 33 Antifreezes 33 Foods and Drugs 34 Oleomargarine 40 Credit Union Division 42 Dairy Division 45 Entomology Division 50 Nursery Inspection 50 White-Fringed Beetle 51 Japanese Beetle 52 Bulb Inspection 54 Apiary Inspection 54 White Pine Blister Rust Control 55 European Corn Borer 56 Phony Peach Disease 56 Dura Stem Borer 56 Markets Division 57 Tobacco 61 O Cotton 65 <V} Grains 66 4 N. C. Department of Agriculture TABLE OF CONTENTS — Continued Fruits and Vegetables 68 Milk 72 Livestock 77 Cooperatives 79 Commodity Distribution 79 Poultry and Eggs 82 Market News : 85 Museum Division 87 Publications Division 92 Seed Testing Division 95 Soil Testing Division 99 State Fair Division 104 Statistics Division 109 Test Farms Division 116 Coastal Plain Test Farm, Willard 120 Mountain Test Farm, Waynesville 123 Peanut Test Farm, Lewiston 125 Piedmont Test Farm, Statesville 126 Tidewater Test Farm, Plymouth 129 Tobacco Test Farm, Oxford 131 Upper Coastal Plain Test Farm, Rocky Mount 134 Upper Mountain Test Farm, Laurel Springs 136 Veterinary Division 140 Anthrax 140 Vesicular Exanthema 141 Anaplasmosis 141 Brucellosis 143 Tuberculosis 1 44 Mastitis 145 Report for 1950-52 — Contents 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS — Continued Horses and Mules, Diseases of 145 Hog Cholera and Other Swine Diseases 145 Rabies 146 Breeding Improvement and Pullorum Disease Eradication 146 Poultry Diseases 147 Poultry Diagnostic Laboratory 147 Public Livestock Auction Markets 148 Diagnostic and Research Laboratory , 148 Warehouse Division 149 Weights and Measures Division 150 L. Y. Ballentine Commissioner of Agriculture A. Hugh Harris Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE L. Y. Ballentine., Commissioner Ex-Officio Chairman Glenn G. Gilmore Julian Hoyle C. Griffin Monroe Claude T. Hall Roxboro O. J. Holler Union Mills J. Muse McCotter !?; New Bern Miss Ethel Parker Gatesville Charles F. Phillips1 Thomasville J. H. Poole West End A. B. Slagle Franklin J. E. Winslow Greenville 1 Appointed by the Governor to replace W. B. Austin, Jefferson, resigned. PERSONNEL OF THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JUNE 30, 1952 L. Y. Ballentine, Commissioner Administration A. Hugh Harris Assistant Commissioner Lillian R. Parker Stenographer Clerk I Lydia S. Perry Stenographer Clerk III Doris B. Wofford Stenographer Clerk III Division of Accounts A. R. Powledce Accountant II Ella V. Dodson Accoimting Clerk II Catherine C. DuPree Accounting Clerk I Elsie W. Jordan Accounting Clerk II Sallie H. Jordan Accounting Clerk II Mrs. Grace H. Malloy Accounting Clerk HI Myrna L. Nowell Accounting Clerk I Publicity and Publications Blackburn W. Johnson Public Information Officer III Mrs. M. Pauline DeCosta Information and Editorial Assistant Joseph A. Hunter Clerk II Bettye T. Rogers -. Clerk I Inspection E. H. Cooper .....Tax Auditor III Walter E. Burgiss Seed Specialist Lindsey Ennis Feed, Fertilizer and Insecticide Inspector I Harvey C. McPhail Feed, Fertilizer and Insecticide Inspector I Renneth M. Mintz Seed Specialist Joe N. Tate, Jr Feed, Fertilizer and Insecticide Inspector I J. W. Woodside Feed, Fertilizer and Insecticide Inspector I Markets .; John A. Winfield Director Agricultural Marketing Margaret L. Amandolia Stenographer Clerk I Nancy W, Brackett Stenographer Clerk II Gilbert Clark Marketing Specialist,, IV Evelyn S. Conyers Laboratory Technician I Grady Cooper, Jr Marketing Specialist II J. B. Cotner Marketing Specialist IV George C. Creech ...:.'....... Alarketing Specialist I John Holman Cyrus Marketing Specialist II Jay P. Davis, Jr Marketing Specialist HI Mrs. Louise T. Dunn Stenographer Clerk III Elizabeth C. Edwards Stenographer Clerk II 10 N. C. Department of Agriculture Ollie W. Faison Marketing Specialist III Jesse R. Ferrell Marketing Specialist II Elvin H. Frazier, Jr Marketing Specialist I Cleo M. Gault Laboratory Technician I Joe B. Gourlay Marketing Specialist HI Wendell P. Hedrick Marketing Specialist IV Vernon W. Hill Marketing Specialist III Ruby M. Hinson Stenographer Clerk III Julius P. Jenrette Marketing Specialist III Albert B. Johnson Marketing Specialist II Fred P. Johnson Marketing Specialist IV Ralph Bogan Kelly Marketing Specialist HI Ethel Y. Kiker Marketing Specialist II Hazel McA. Maddrey Accounting Clerk I Pauline M. Maney Typist Clerk I Mrs. Helen R. Marley Stenographer Clerk II Hugh B. Martin Marketing Specialist HI Margie B. Massenburg Stenographer Clerk HI N. P. McDuffie Marketing Specialist I Candler C. Miller Marketing Specialist HI Marjorie D. Moore Stenographer Clerk HI Hobart W. Myrick Marketing Specialist HI Mrs. Mary L. Norman Stenographer Clerk II Phoebe D. Powers Stenographer Clerk II H. D. Quessenberry Marketing Specialist III Mrs. Dorothy Y. Reaves Typist Clerk I James Ritchie, Jr Marketing Specialist II Carson W. Sheffield Marketing Specialist IV Anne B. Stoddart Accounting Clerk I Curtis F. Tarleton Marketing Specialist HI Carl H. Tower Marketing Specialist III Christopher H. Venters Marketing Specialist II J. V. Whitaker Marketing Specialist IV Credit Union D. R. Graham Credit Union Superintendent A. S. Bynum Fiscal Examiner II Howard L. Pijahn Fiscal Examiner II Mrs. Myrtice B. Wilder Stenographer Clerk II Dairy C. W. Pegram Director of Dairy Service Delma B. Hall Laboratory Assistant Elmo H. Hollomon Dairy Specialist II Paul R. Jordan, Jr Bacteriologist W. L. McLeod Dairy Specialist II Francis Patterson Dairy Specialist II James C. Plaster Dairy Specialist I Mary M. Weathers Stenographer Clerk II Giles M. Williams Dairy Specialist II Mary Sue P. Williams Laboratory Technician II Entomology C. H. Brannon State Entomologist James F. Greene Entomologist I J. A. Harris Entomologist II Ellison C. Nelson, Jr Entomologist I Pauline P. Newsom Stenographer Clerk II D. L. Wray Entomologist II Report for 1950-52 — Personnel 11 Seed Laboratory Willard H. Darst Director of Seed Testing Susie D. Allen Seed Analyst HI Stella W. Etheredge Seed Analyst II Lula Purvis Gray Seed Analyst II Joan Massey Stenographer Clerk I Mary A. Nicholson Seed Analyst II Edith R. Rogers Seed Analyst I Evalds Smits Seed Analyst 11 Mrs. Mildred W. Thomas Seed Analyst II Analytical E. W. Constable State Chemist L. V. Amburgey Microanalyst Caroline Andrews Chemist I Henry W. Barnes, Jr Chemist II Z. B. Bradford Chemist HI Burney A. Britt Chemist II David E. Buffaloe Chemist III Mrs. Margaret B. Carter Chemist II James A. Chapman Laboratory Assistant Dorothy M. Davis Stenographer Clerk II John J. Filicky Chemist II Mrs. Evelyn A. Freeman Stenographer Clerk I Chas. H. Godwin, Jr Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics Inspector Heber B. Hatch Typist Clerk III Samuel H. Hinton Laboratory Assistant Eugene T. Hord, Jr Chemist II Velva E. Hudson Typist Clerk HI Berntce Jeffries Laboratory Assistant Jesse G. Jerntgan Chemist I Delwin P. Johnson Che7nist II Rosa D. Kirby Chemist I Ernest L. Long Chemist I H. D. Matheson Chemist II W. P. Matthews Chemist HI Harry A. Miller Assistant State Chemist L. M. Nixon Chemist IV Tred P. Nooe Food, Drug and Cosmetic Inspector H. F. Pickering Chemist III J. S. Pittard Chemist III John L. Ray Chemist II L. B. Rhodes Food Chemist Clyde W. Roberts Food, Drug and Cosmetic Inspector William Sylver, Jr Laboratory Assistant Robert T. Teague, Jr Chemist II Hazel Willis Stenographer Clerk HI Crop Statistics Frank Parker Director of Statistics John T. Richardson Administrative Officer Mary Southall Allen Research Assistant Ruth F. Allen Calculating Machine Operator Mrs. Frances D. Chandler Research Assistant Jean F. DeWeese Research Assistant Mrs. Sarah F. Drake Research Assistant George M. Ferrell Statistician I Martha J. Frame Research Assistant William C. Hinson, Jr Jr. Statistician 12 N. C. Department of Agriculture Donald B. Jones Jr. Statistician Pearl K. Joyner Vari-Type Operator II Mrs. Willie M. Knott Vari-Type Operator I Helen E. Kornegay Research Assistant Mary D. Matthews Clerk II Janie H. Murph Research Assistant Francis M. Nine, Jr Duplicating Machine Operator II Nancy C. Penny Stenographer II Hans C. Wagner Duplicating Machine Operator II Olaf Wakefield Sr. Statistician Soil Testing James Walter Fitts Director of Soil Testing Maxine Bissette Chemist I Margaret L. Brock Stenographer Clerk II Mildred S. Combs Typist Clerk I Lucy D. Elmore Chemist I Arthur Giles Laboratory Assistant Nancy Ann House Typist Clerk I James S. Hunter Laboratory Assistant Mildred K. Lowe Stenographer Clerk II Adolf Mehlich Assistant Director Nancy B. Smith Chemist I Nannie Isabelle Smith Chemist I Margaret E. Stancil Typist Clerk I Mrs. Dixie R. Vick Stenographer I Muriel M. Weathers Chemist I Charles D. Welch Agronomist Blister Rust Control Olin D. Hefner Entomologist I Veterinary Hal J. Rollins State Veterinarian Melva P. Alexander Laboratory Technician I Josephine A. Allen Stenographer Clerk III William Andrew Poultry Specialist I W. R. Baynes Veterinarian III Jeanette E. Bull > Stenographer Clerk I G. I. Bullock Poultry Specialist II Julius B. Cashion Poultry Specialist I Jesse J. Causby Poultry Specialist I Kenneth G. Church Poultry Specialist I Henry B. Collins Livestock Inspector Eugene C. Couch Poultry Specialist I Elizabeth K. Cuddeback ._. Laboratory Technician II Mary L. Daughety Stenographer Clerk II W. J. Elkins Poultry Specialist I L. J. Fourie Poultry Specialist HI George D. Fuller Livestock Inspector Calvin C. Gatz Veterinarian III L. M. Greene Veterinarian III Frank S. Hall Clerk I Frank Howard, Jr Laboratory Assistant G. W. Ivey Poultry Specialist II R. Russell Jeter Veterinarian II W. W. Keever Poultry Specialist II Fred D. Long Poultry Specialist I Peter S. Penland Poultry Specialist I Report for 1950-52 — Personnel 13 VKrlin E. Reese Poultry Specialist I Phil R. Sandidge Poultry Specialist I Arthur L. Shealey Veterinarian II John R. Shivar Poultry Specialist I Thomas L. Wellborn Poultry Specialist I Charles S. Winston Laboratory Assistant Auburn L. Wright Poultry Specialist 1 Thomas F. Zweigart, Jr Veterinarian II Test Farms Cecil D. Thomas Director of Test Farms Helen L. Ray Stenographer Clerk II Elwood A. Allen Senior Herdsman Herbert W. Allen Farm Foreman II Mrs. Lillian A. Bishop Stenographer Clerk I Fenner B. Harris Herdsman J. L. Rea, Jr Test Farm Superintendent Clifton M. Blackwell Farm Foreman II J. M. Carr Test Farm Superintendent II Mrs. Mary P. Clark Stenographer Clerk I Elizabeth Floyd Stenographer Clerk II Chester Kearney Feed and Farm Laborer Margaret W. Allsbrook Stenographer Clerk I W. C. Allsbrook Farm Foreman II R. E. Currin, Jr Test Farm Superintendent Randolph Whitley Herdsman Joseph L. Boone : ...Poultry man Bernice H. Harrell Stenographer Clerk II Garfield Harris Farm Foreman II Murray R. Whisenhunt Test Farm Superintendent R. L. York Dairy Herdsman I James A. Graham Test Farm Superintendent Gordon D. Sheets Farm Foreman II Anna L. Shepherd Stenographer Clerk I Dan L. Taylor Herdsman Ernest W. English Poultryman Thilbert A. Suggs Farm Foreman II Jesse W. Sumner Test Farm Superintendent Earl M. Wells Dairy Herdsman B. L. Williams Stenographer Clerk II Vester Noah Baird Farm Foreman II Rose E. Bradford Stenographer Clerk II J. W. Hendricks Test Farm Superintendent Clyde Z. McSwain, Jr Farm Supervisor Weights and Measures -.- C. D. Baucom Superintendent of Weights and Measures, Director of Gasoline and Oil Charles E. Dolan Heavy Duty Scale Inspector Dorothy Goodson Stenographer Clerk II Donald E. Haigler Weights and Measures Inspector J. T. Jackson Weights and Measures Inspector Celeste Mc. Johnson Stenographer Clerk II Marion L. Kenlaw, Jr Weights and Measures Inspector Grover R. Kiser Weights and Measures Inspector T. Wavely Lucas Truck Driver John I. Moore Weights and Measures Inspection Supervisor William Shook Heavy Duty Scale Inspector James E. Williams Truck Driver S. M. Woolfolk Weights and Measures Inspector 14 N. C. Department of Agriculture State Museum H. T. Davis Museum Director Ludie Virginia Ashe Maid Mrs. Clare S. Johnson Clerk I Julian W. Johnson Museum Exhibits Designer Mary Knight Stenographer Clerk II F. B. Meacham , Zoologist Owen Woods Janitor-Messenger Hog Cholera Work Charles R. Border Veterinarian HI Ralph Hamilton Veterinarian I Custodial Robert Harris Stock Clerk I Worth Jeffries Stock Clerk I State Warehouse System A. B. Fairley Warehouse System Superintendent Hazel K. Cobb Clerk II Wayne B. Ferrell Warehouse Examiner Mrs. Hallie K. Morrow Stenographer Clerk II Hilda E. Strickland Stenographer Clerk I Gasoline and Oil Inspection T. W. Anderson Gasoline and Oil Inspector Carey M. Ashley Chemist I Milton Barefoot Gasoline and Oil Inspector Boyd L. Barnette Chemist I I. L. Blaylock Gasoline and Oil Inspector Malver L. Boyette Gasoline and Oil Inspector Luther J. Britt Gasoline and Oil Inspector John A. Bynum Gasoline and Oil Inspector William L. Carpenter Chemist II Jack C. Connolly, II Chemist I Joseph Denton Gasoline and Oil Inspector Otto Duncan Gasoline and Oil Inspector Odell A. Evans Calibrator J. A. Galloway Gasoline and Oil Inspector Elliott Harrison Laboratory Assistant H. H. Hatcher Gasoline and Oil Inspector Hugh F. Hayes Chemist II Horace E. Herman Calibrator Cecilia P. Holding .: Chemist I Ira G. Holloway Gasoline and Oil Inspector Alton R. Hoyle r Gasoline and Oil Inspector Thomas S. Hughes, Jr Chemist I Herman L. Jones Gasoline and Oil Inspector Mary M. Lassiter Stenographer I Roy A. McKeithan Calibrator Francis W. Oakes Gasoline and Oil Inspector W. T. O'Briant Gasoline and Oil Inspector William C. Orth Chemist II Douglas M. Pait Gasoline and Oil Inspector Nellie A. Parrish Stenographer Clerk I Harvey R. Pearman, Jr Chemist I William B. Phillips .' Gasoline and Oil Inspector Report for 1950-52 — Personnel 15 Parley B. Rasmussen, Jr Chemist I James R. Rivers Gasoline and Oil Inspector H. L. Shankle Chemist IV J. T. Shaw Chemist II Harry W. Shelton Chemist I Ray D. Sigmon Gasoline and Oil Inspector Koy S. Smith Gasoline and Oil Inspector Nina G. Sumner Chemist I Fred Swanberg Chemical Engineer Ralph G. Thornburg Chemist I Thomas G. Trogdon Chemist II Leon E. Van Brunt Calibrator Marshall T. White Chemist I Edna I. Williams Stenographer Clerk II Hubert S. Williams, Jr Chemist I Alice C. Younts Chemist I BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE By L. Y. Ballentine Commissioner of Agriculture The biennium 1950-52 has been an eventful period for the State Department of Agriculture, one marked by a noticeable quickening of activities in each of the Department's 17 Divisions. This is reflected in the succeeding chapters, each devoted to the work of a particular Division. As far as possible, the text is accom-panied by pictures giving a graphic presentation of many of the De-partment's functions and accomplishments. No effort will be made here to summarize all of this work, as it would only mean unnecessary duplication of effort. Some develop-ments of the past two years, however, are worthy of special mention, either because of their outstanding significance or because they are not dealt with elsewhere. The Challenge Program For some years there has been an increasingly cooperative spirit among various organizations and agencies concerned with agricultural conditions in North Carolina. This attitude has materialized in the formation of an over-all planning and coordinating group known as the North Carolina Board of Farm Organizations and Agencies, which includes in its membership representatives of: The State Grange, the N. C. Farm Bureau Federation; N. C. State College, including both the Agricultural Experiment Station and the Agricultural Extension Service: the U. S. Soil Conservation Service, the Production and Marketing Administration; the Farmers' Home Administration, the Division of Vocational Teaching of the N. C. Department of Public Instruction; the Rural Electrification Administration, the State De-partment of Conservation and Development and the State Depart-ment of Agriculture. No mere discussion group, this board has demonstrated its capacity for achievement by developing and sponsoring the Challenge Program. This is a united agricultural movement, already well under way, Report for 1950-52 — Administration 17 dedicated to: "Increased per capita income, greater security, improved educational opportunities, finer spiritual values, stronger community life, and more dignity and contentment in country living." The ultimate success of this program remains to be seen, but the enthusiasm with which it has been received augurs well for the future of North Carolina agriculture. "Nickels For Know-How" Another project in which this Department has been vitally in-terested is the "Nickels for Know-How" Program designed to supple-ment existing funds for agricultural research and the dissemination of research information. The 1951 General Assembly paved the way for this fund by authorizing a referendum among farmers on the proposal that an assessment of five cents a ton be collected by the Department of Agriculture on sales of commercial feed and fertilizer in the State, this money to be turned over to the Agricultural Foun-dation of N. C. State College. The referendum, held on November 3, 1951, went overwhelmingly for the proposal. The vote was 61,004 for and 7,059 against, as certi-fied by the State Grange and the N. C. Farm Bureau Federation, which were designated by the legislature to conduct the referendum. Collection of this assessment began on January 1, 1952, and re-ceipts for the first six months totaled $105,368.37, which have been paid to the Agricultural Foundation. Payments are made to the Foun-dation on a quarterly basis. Building Program I am happy to report that, after some unavoidable delays, good progress is being made on the new livestock judging arena and other improvements at the State Fair Grounds. When these are completed North Carolina will have an exposition plant that will reflect credit upon the State and one which, I am confident, will prove of great value in promoting better appreciation of the State's resources and opportunity in agriculture, industry and commerce. Further details about this improvement program will be found in the chapter relating to the State Fair. Work also is getting under way on the annex to the Agriculture Building after many months' delay due to restrictions on building materials. Besides providing new and modern quarters for the State Museum of Natural History, this structure also will afford space for offices and laboratories sorely needed to meet the increasing demands on the Department's services. 18 N. C. Department of Agriculture Many problems have come up during the biennium demanding the attention of the Board of Agriculture, the Department's policy-making body, and members of the Board have been unstinting in their devotion to their responsibilities. I have found their judgment sound and their wisdom broad. Although the law requires only two meetings of the Board a year, it has met at the call of the Commissioner 13 times during the past two years. Appended hereto is a summary of its considerations and actions. HIGHLIGHTS OF BOARD MEETINGS 1950-1952 Biennium Aug. 21, 1950 Raleigh Budget—General Budget—Special Items. Grain Storage Seed Regulations Sept. 27, 1950 Raleigh Test Farm Land Quarantine Budget Oct. 16, 1950 Raleigh Gasoline and Oil Inspection Test Farm Land Fertilizer—Bulk Dec. 20, 1950 Raleigh Present: W. B. Austin, Glenn G. Gilmore, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, J. Muse McCotter, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle. Heard budget requests for each of the Department's 16 divisions for the 1951-1953 biennium. Suggested changes and authorized revisions. Insecticide controls — Discussed need for expanded activities and instructed State Chemist to prepare special budget request to finance this work. Peanut test farm — Heard Commissioner's report on requests from peanut growers for test farm in commercial peanut grow-ing area; approved budget request for funds to purchase and operate such a farm. Veterinary research laboratory — Approved efforts to obtain funds for establishing a veterinary research and dianostic labo-ratory to be operated jointly by the Department of Agriculture and N. C. State College. Land for test farm — Approved special budget request for funds to purchase garage building and lot adjoining Upper Mountain Test Farm, Laurel Springs. Instructed State Superintendent of Warehouses to ascertain whether new legislation needed for extending loans to ware-houses for grain storage. Discussed proposal to amend seed regulations with reference to labeling Ladino and White clovers; no change approved. Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, J. Muse McCotter, Miss Ethel Parker. Heard request from owners of property at Statesville, adjoining Piedmont Test Farm, for privilege of purchasing narrow strip of test farm land between their property and new highway. Authorized Commissioner to appoint committee to investigate and set price for land. Extended quarantine areas in regulation for control of Camellia Flower Blight. Reviewed changes in budget requests outlined at previous meet-ing and approved revised budget for the Department's op-erations during the 1951-53 biennium. Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, J. Muse McCotter, Miss Ethel Parker, J. H. Poole, J. E. Winslow. Superintendent of Weights and Measures introduced 12 chem-ists employed to man new portable laboratories for gasoline and oil inspection, and explained procedures to be followed in this control work. Heard report of committee appointed at September meeting to investigate sale of land strip from Piedmont Test Farm. Approved committee's recommendation to offer land at $2,000 per acre, or 4.6c per square foot. Assistant Commissioner reported on new practice of delivering fertilizer in bulk directly to farm fields. Board discussed possi-bility of need for regulations governing such deliveries; deferred action pending investigation by Assistant Commissioner. Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, J. Muse McCotter, Miss Ethel Parker, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle, J. E. Winslow. 20 N. C. Department of Agriculture Oath of Office New Member Fertilizer Law Seed Inspection Quarantine Feed Standards Milk Dispenser Paint Control Medicated Feeds Departmental Activities Jan. 8, 1951 Raleigh Grain Storage State Fair Buildings Medicated Feeds May 8, 1951 Raleigh Oath of Office — Re-appointed Members State Fair Peanut Test Farm Grain Storage Peanut Storage Warehouse Loan Test Farm Salaries & Perquisites Charles V. Phillips, new member appointed by the Governor to replace W. B. Austin, sworn in by Secretary of State Thad Eure. Heard and approved proposed changes in North Carolina Ferti-lizer Law, as presented by Dr. R. W. Cummings, Director of Research, N. C. Experiment Station. Heard Commissioner's report on meeting with N. C. Seedsmen's Association. Heard and discussed the Association's recommenda-tions for changes in inspection and testing procedures and revisions in North Carolina Seed Law. Extend quarantine area in regulation for the control of White Fringed Beetle. Revised minimum standards for dairy and scratch feeds in feed regulations. (To conform with standards set by Association of Southern Feed Control Officials) Heard request from manufacturer of mechanical refrigerated milk dispenser for approval of its use in public eating places. Authorized Markets Division to make a survey based on test in-stallations of a few dispensers and report back to Board. Discussed need for paint control law. Authorized study of Virginia paint law and drafting of bill for presentation to legislature. Held hearing on medicated poultry feeds. Appointed committee to confer with Experiment Station specialists and health author-ities and make recommendations. Heard reports of division heads on activities of their respective divisions during the year. Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, T. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, A. B. Slagle, J. E. Winslow. Heard report of Warehouse Superintendent on legal authority to make loans to warehouses for grain storage. Instructed him to draw up regulations covering grain warehouse operations. Authorized and witnessed signing of contracts for construction of Youth Housing Center and Livestock Judging Pavilion at Fair grounds. Approved transfers of funds for these projects. Amended regulations on medicated feeds in accordance with recommendations of investigating committee. Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, J. Muse McCotter, Miss Ethel Parker, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle, J. E. Winslow. Oath of Office administered by Secretary of State to Claude T. Hall, J. H. Poole and A. B. Slagle, reappointed by the Gov-ernor to serve six-year terms. Received Auditor's Report on 1950 operations of N. C. State Fair. Re-appointed Dr. J. S. Dorton as Manager of State Fair for another year. Authorized employment of full-time promotion director for State Fair and fairground facilities. Heard Commissioner's report on steps initiated to locate farm suitable for peanut research. Adopted regulations governing operation of grain warehouses. Amended regulations governing peanut warehouses. Approved loan of $20,000 from Warehouse Fund to Mutual Gin Co., Mount Gilead. Heard report of Commissioner and head of Test Farms Di-vision on inequities in salary ranges and perquisite allowances for test farm employees. Discussed matter with head of Person-nel Division. Authorized committee to visit farms, investigate and present recommendations. Report for 1950-52 — Administration 21 Test Farm Land Bang's Disease Quarantine Milk Dispenser New Laws — Administration June 20, 1951 Raleigh Fertilizer Regulations Milk Dispenser Bang's Disease "Nickels for Know-How" Agricultural Fairs Test Farm Salaries & Perquisites Test Farm Land July 26. 1951 Willard Coastal Plain Test Farm July 27, 1951 Raleigh Agricultural Research Soil Testing Test Farm Land Rescinded action of October 16, 1951, on sale of land strip from Piedmont Test Farm. Agreed to offer land to property owners at cost of survey and transfer of title. Authorized State Veterinarian to hold hearing on proposed tightening of dairy regulations to eliminate Bang's reactors from dairy herds. Amended Japanese Beetle quarantine areas. Received report from Markets Division on results of test in-stallations of milk dispensers, authorized at December 20 meet-ing. Authorized Commissioner to call a public hearing in this matter. Heard reports of division heads on new or amended laws enacted by 1951 General Assembly and explanations of how they affect work of divisions. Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle, J. E. Winslow. Adopted Official Fertilizer Grade List for 1951-1952. Held hearing and adopted amendment to regulations pertain-ing to mixture of insecticide Chlordane in fertilizers. Held hearing on question of approving use of refrigerated me-chanical milk dispensers in restaurants. Voted to defer action. Held hearing and adopted amendment to dairy regulations de-signed to eliminate Bang's reactors from dairy herds. Received petitions from N. C. State Grange, N. C. Farm Bureau Federation and N. C. Agricultural Foundation for authority to hold referendum vote on assessments of five cents per ton on feed and fertilizer, funds from said assessment to be used for agricultural research. Voted to authorize referendum. Held hearing and adopted regulations governing operations of agricultural fairs. Heard preliminary report from committee appointed to study test farm salaries and perquisites. Authorized committee to con-tinue its work. Authorized appointment of a committee to investigate possibil-ities of re-locating Piedmont Test Farm. Present: Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, J. Muse McCotter, Miss Ethel Parker, Glenn G. Gilmore, Charles F. Phillips, A. B. Slagle, J. E. Winslow. Ceremony and resolution honoring Charles T. Dealing, retir-ing Superintendent of farm. Introduction of new Superintendent, Jesse W. Sumner. Discussion of farm's research program by Experiment Station personnel. Testimonial dinner in honor of Dr. Dealing. Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, J. Muse McCotter, Miss Ethel Parker, Charles F. Phillips, A. B. Slagle, J. E. Winslow. Discussed at length the State's agricultural research program and means for more complete and rapid dissemination of research findings. Heard explanation and report from head of Soil Testing Di-vision on new publication, "Fertility Status of North Carolina Soils." Heard offer (presented through perquisites committee) from J. L. Wiggins to buy small acreage from Upper Coastal Plain Test Farm which he desired to flood in damming stream to create a fishing lake. Board agreed long-term lease preferable to sale, and instructed head of Test Farms Division to draw up proposed rental agreement. 22 N. C. Department of Agriculture October 15, 1951 Raleigh Fertilizer Regulations State Fair Promotion Test Farm Salaries & Perquisites Cornmeal Improvement Cotton Fibre Laboratory State Fair — (Oct. 16) Jem. 7, 1952 Raleigh Tobacco — Curer inspection Peanut Test Farm Quarantines May 1, 1952 Raleigh Agricultural Building Annex Soil Testing Director Milk Containers Test Farm Land Peanut Test Farm Test Farm Budget Quarantine Agricultural Research- Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, Miss Ethel Parker, J. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, J. E. Winslow. Amended fertilizer regulations with reference to information on tag regarding borax guarantees. Introduction by Commissioner of John W. Fox, newly appointed public relations and promotion manager of North Carolina State Fair and fairground facilities. Heard and adopted detailed recommendations of committee on test farm salaries and perquisites. Heard report of Commissioner on project of Markets Division for improving quality of cornmeal. Heard report on work of new cotton fibre testing laboratory and made inspection tour of laboratory. Inspected fairgrounds and attended opening of 1952 State Fair. Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, J. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle, J. E. Winslow. Held hearing on Department's charges for seals of approval to be affixed to tobacco-curer assemblies. Went on record as favorable to request for reduction of charges, and authorized study of receipts and expenditures to determine what the re-duced amount should be. Heard review of steps taken to locate suitable farm for peanut research; received recommendations from advisory committee for purchase of H. B. Spruill farm at Lewiston; authorized purchase of the farm at a price of $50,000. Amended Camellia Flower Blight quarantine areas. Amended regulations for control of White Pine Blister Rust. Present: Glenn G. Gilmore, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, Miss Ethel Parker, J. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle, J. E. Winslow. Heard report of Commissioner that material had been released by National Production Authority for construction of new agricultural building annex, and building operations were ex-pected to get under way almost immediately. Approved appointment of Dr. J. W. Fitts as head of Soil Testing Division, replacing Dr. W. L. Nelson who resigned to accept research and teaching position at State College. Adopted clarifying amendment to dairy regulations with refer-ence to use of single-service containers for serving milk in public eating places. Heard J. L. Wiggins (in favor) and Charles M. Killebrew (op-posing) proposed lease of land to Mr. Wiggins for a lake site at the Upper Coastal Plains Test Farm. Authorized rental to Wiggins under conditions to be incorporated in proposed lease agreement. Authorized easement to Rural Electrification Authority for con-struction of line across Coastal Plain Test Farm. Declined offer from American Agricultural Chemical Company to purchase small tract of land from Piedmont Test Farm for erection of fertilizer plant. Heard report on progress in preparation of new peanut test farm for research work. Authorized appointment of committees to visit all test farms and make recommendations for their 1953-55 budget requests. Adopted revised regulations for control of White Fringed Beetle. Heard report by Dr. R. W. Cummings, Director of Research, N. C. Experiment Station, on status of research program and plans for the future. Report for 1950-52 — Administration 23 Upper Coastal Plains Test Farm Celebration State Fair Advisory Committees Tobacco-Curer Inspection Fees Board Room Museum June 17, 1952 Raleigh Fertilizer Regulations Tobacco-Curer Inspection Fees Peach Inspection Resolution — Dr. Nelson Authorized Fiftieth Anniversary celebration at Upper Coastal Plains Test Farm, Rocky Mount. Received Auditor's report on State Fair operations in 1951. Re-appointed Dr. J. S. Dorton as State Fair Manager for en-suing year. Heard Commissioner's report on plans for State Fair develop-ment from surplus funds. Approved suggestion by Commissioner for setting up advisory committees of representatives from State's farm organizations and agencies to confer with Board and Department executives. Commissioner reported lawsuit instituted by Florence Mayo NuWay Co. in matter of charges for seals of approval on to-bacco- curer inspection fees. Approved moving Board Room to more suitable location when new annex to Agriculture Building is completed. Authorized appointment of outside Museum advisory committee and employment of an expert to plan renovation of exhibits and equipment. Present: Claude T. Hall, O. J. Holler, Miss Ethel Parker, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, J. E. Winslow. Adopted Official Fertilizer Grade List for 1952-1953. Amended fertilizer regulations with reference to tolerances al-lowed in respect to borax guarantees. Amended fertilizer regulations pertaining to mixtures of DDT with fertilizer. Held hearing and adopted new formula for computing charges in compliance with court order resulting from lawsuit of Flor-ence Mayo NuWay Co. Reduced charge for seal of approval from $1.00 to 65 cents. Authorized Division of Markets to inspect and issue certificates of approval on peaches sold at roadside stands and packing houses. Adopted resolution of appreciation for services of Dr. W. L. Nelson, former head of Soil Testing Division. A. R. POWLEDGE ACCOUNTS A. R. POWLEDGE Chief Auditor On July 1, 1949, a new system of collecting revenue from sale of fertilizer and feed was approved by the Department. This new meth-od, known as the "Monthly Reporting Sys-tem", has proven very satisfactory. Proof of this is the decided increase in tonnage since the new system was installed. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, the fertilizer ton-nage was 1,838,500 tons. For this same period the feed tonnage was 827,825 tons. For the year ending June 30, 1952 the fertilizer tonnage was 1,900,904 tons and feed tonnage 943,183. These tonnages are highest in the history of the Department. This Monthly Reporting system has proved to be a great saving in time and labor to the Department and to the feed and fertilizer manufacturers. However, our former system of tags and stamps has not been discarded as many users prefer this method to the new sys-tem. The "Nickels for Know How" Act was put into effect on January 1, 1952. Collections for the Agricultural Foundation have totalled $105,368.37 on tonnage sold through June 30, 1952. The financial report of the Department and the various divisions follows: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Code 1101 II. ill. IV. v. VI. VII. VIII. IX. Statement of Disbursements July 1, 1950 — June 30, 1952 SUMMARY BY PURPOSES 1951-52 1950-51 Administration $ 30,844.58 $ 32,475.56 Acounting Office 17,787.45 16,119.08 Publicity and Publications 29,419.76 28,087.35 Inspection 73,182.94 72,363.89 Markets 250,416.02 256,590.70 Credit Union 19,550.11 18,297.52 Dairy 48,330.91 41,302.83 Entomology 37,052.70 30,639.17 Seed Laboratory 34,778.62 35,343.14 Analytical 182,912.39 156,364.57 Crop Statistics 133,512.12 91,881.93 Report for 1950-52 — Accounts 25 SUMMARY BY PURPOSES 1951-52 1950-51 X. Soil Testing 60,740.89 53,959.80 XL Blister Rust Control 4,271.26 3,909.90 XII. Veterinary 172,906.68 162,579.31 XIII. Test Farms 420,742.26 376,340.31 XV. Weights and Measures 66,673.31 71,363.99 XVI. State Museum 24,325.13 21,168.92 XVII. Hog Cholera Work 13,172.50 8,222.26 XVIII. Custodial 12,432.00 11,964.50 XIX. Miscellaneous 86,759.68 178,342.72 XX. Rabies 475.38 336.36 XXI. Japanese Beetle Control 2,509.75 7,477.36 XXII. White Fringed Beetle Control 9,900.00 9,977.52 XXIII. Indemnity Diseased Slaughtered Livestock 12,658.27 14,601.35 Total Expenditures $1,745,354.71 $1,699,710.04 SUMMARY BY OBJECTS 1951-52 1950-51 11. Salaries and Wages $1,075,562.17 $975,343.31 12. Supplies and Materials 110,310.78 109,578.82 13. Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 23,356.77 21,963.12 14. Travel Expense 167,111.03 167,730.38 15. Printing and Binding 29,838.62 29,152.32 16. Motor Vehicle Operation 14,998.19 12,496.18 17. Light, Power and Water 5,734.29 5,704.06 18. Repairs and Alterations 15,012.59 10,776.07 19. General Expense 97,499.14 78,168.22 22. Insurance and Bonding 2,465.24 2,409.76 23. Equipment 46,185.48 50,800.97 32. Additions and Betterments 25,622.01 77,723.39 33. Stores for Resale 19,298.66 17,415.12 Contribution to the Retirement System 62,359.74 40,448.32 Purchase of Land 50,000.00 Advance for Surplus Commodities Revolving Fund 100,000.00 Total Expenditures $1,745,354.71 $1,699,710.04 Less Transfer from RMA Fund 45,036.46 55,133.14 Less: Transfer from Cooperative Agreement 1,743.27 2,523.75 Test Farm Perquisites 12,882.42 8,861.01 Total $1,685,692.56 $1,633,192.14 Treasurers Cash June 30 134,978.72 145,572.76 Investments in Bonds and Premium on Bonds 103,874.98 103,874.98 Revenue Collections Fertilizer Tax 461,712-29 462,142.38 Feed Tax 243,575.39 207,169.08 Contribution from General Fund 567,703.00 519,380.00 Other 402,107.84 377,301.43 Total Receipts $1,675,098.52 $1,565,992.89 Total Credit Balance June 30 $ 238,853.70 $ 249,447.74 26 N. C. Department of Agriculture SHEEP DISTRIBUTION PROJECT Special Fund — Code 3 Receipts and Disbursements July 1, 1950 — June 30, 1952 1951-52 1950-51 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 30,614.94 $ 32,788.87 Revenue Collections 251,309.60 370,761.12 Disbursements 255,194.13 372,935.05 Credit Balance—June 30 $ 26,730.41 $ 30,614.94 DISTRIBUTION OF SURPLUS COMMODITIES Code 19 Receipts and Disbursements July 1, 1950 — June 30, 1952 1951-52 1950-51 Credit Balance—July 1 |104,197.95 9/15/50 Transferred from Code 1101 $100,000.00 11/14/50 Transferred from Code 3 8,174.25 Repayments—Other Items 30,833.08 116,716.41 Disbursements 26,341.31 120,692.71 Credit Balance—June 30 $108,689.72 $104,197.95 RESEARCH AND MARKETING ACT, FEDERAL FUND Special Fund — Code 51 Receipts and Disbursements July 1, 1950 — June 30, 1952 1951-52 1950-51 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 5,843.85 $10,256.32 Receipts—RMA Matching Fund 43,000.00 50,720.67 Disbursements Marketing Division Expenses in connection with RMA project—Transferred to Code 1101 45,036.46 53,846.73 Crop Statistics Division Expenses in connection with RMA project—Transferred to Code 1101 1,286.41 Credit Balance—June 30 $3,807.39 $5,843.85 SPECIAL DEPOSITORY ACCOUNT REPORTING SYSTEM Code 52 Statement of Receipts July 1, 1950 — June 30, 1952 1951-52 1950-51 Receipts Cash—Bond Deposits (Reporting System) $3,500.00 $3,250.00 Credit Balance—June 30 .- $3,500.00 $3,250.00 Report for 1950-52 — Accounts 27 GASOLINE AND OIL INSPECTION General Fund — Code 320 Statement of Disbursements July 1, 1950 —June 30, 1952 1951-52 1950-51 Revenue Appropriation $297,423.00 $227,168.00 Disbursements 205,281.65 203,836.27 Unspent Balance of Appropriation $ 92,141.35 $ 23,331.73 STATE WAREHOUSE SYSTEM — SUPERVISION Special Fund — Code 1801 Financial Statement July 1, 1950 — June 30, 1952 1951-52 1950-51 Credit Balance—July 1 $40,734.33 $43,208.69 Receipts Revenue Collections 32,076.05 27,871.48 Miscellaneous Collections 30,193.24 13,195.30 Expenditures 28,996.27 29,849.47 Miscellaneous Expenditures 35,021.39 13,691.67 Credit Balance—June 30 $38,985.96 $40,734.33 STATE WAREHOUSE SYSTEM — PRINCIPAL Special Fund — Code 1802 Statement of Receipts and Disbursements July 1, 1950 —June 30, 1952 1951-52 1950-51 Cash on hand—State Treas.—June 30 $ 151.07 $ 49,326.07 Receipts Repayment of Loans 24,083.56 5,825.00 Total Availability 24,234.63 55,151.07 Disbursements Loans to Warehouses 15,000.00 55,000.00 Treas. Cash—June 30 9,234.63 151.07 Loans to Warehouses 187,021.44 183,805.00 Invested in 2i/ 2% Gov't. Bonds 550,000.00 550,000.00 Total Worth—June 30 $746,256.07 $733,956.07 28 N. C. Department of Agriculture COOPERATIVE INSPECTION SERVICE Special Fund — Code 1803 Statement of Disbursements July 1, 1950 — June 30, 1952 1951-52 1950-51 Treas. Cash—July 1 $ 66,391.52 $ 18,595.53 U. S. Treasury Bonds—2i/ 2% par value 40,000.00 40,000.00 Credit Balance—July 1 106,391.52 58,595.53 Receipts 225,657.97 253,587.76 Disbursements 229,688.19 205,791.77 Credit Balance—June 30 $102,361.30 $106,391.52 CONTRIBUTION FROM THE GENERAL FUND General Fund — Code 3212 Statement of Disbursements July 1, 1950 — June 30, 1952 1951-52 1950-51 Revenue Appropriation $567,703.00 $716,925.00 Expenditures Contribution to Department of Agriculture—Code 1101 567,703.00 519,380.00 Unspent Balance of Appropriation $197,545.00 DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY Dr. E. W. Constable State Chemist The work of the Division of Chemistry ap-plies in main to certain agricultural products such as fertilizers, liming materials and land-plaster, insecticides and stock and poultry feeds, also to foods, drugs and cosmetics, au-tomotive anti-freezes, and linseed oils. This work is based on State control laws applying to these commodities. A common basic re- E. W. Constable quirement is that all shall carry certain label-ing and guarantees and that they shall measure up to these. Where wholesomeness, health and safety are of concern, it is further required that prescribed precautions to those ends shall be observed. The work is carried out by the registration of some products, and by the collection of samples of all of these commodities from all parts of the State to be analyzed chemically and otherwise in order to deter-mine compliance with guarantees and other requirements. The work is further augmented by checking labeling and by inspection of manu-facturing, handling and storage facilities where this is pertinent. Fertilizers, Fertilizer and Liming Materials Mixed fertilizers and fertilizer materials sold for consumer use in the State are subject to analysis according to guarantees and pro-posed use. These analyses may cover only one of, or varying combi-nations of, the following: Nitrogen, phosphate, potash, calcium, mag-nesium, chlorine, sulphur, boron, manganese and acid forming or acid neutralizing qualities. Limes are analyzed for calcium, magnesi-um and acid neutralizing value; landplaster for calcium sulphate. Coverage for the biennium was as follows: Official fertilizer samples 20,252 Unofficial fertilizers and fertilizer material for farmers 237 Official liming material, liming material with potash and landplaster 119 Research—N. C. Experiment Station 68 Total 20,676 30 N. C. Department of Agriculture The analyses of official samples collected during the biennium showed that the fertilizers sold in this State during that period were generally of good quality and measured up to guarantees made for them. In a limited number of cases, analyses showed certain lots of fertilizer to be below guarantee. In such cases, consumers were reim-bursed according to deficiency and penalty provisions of the fertilizer law. Upon completion of individual analyses, reports were forwarded to those concerned as promptly as circumstances would permit. All re-sults were made available to the public collectively in annual issues of The Bulletin published by the Department for that purpose. Commercial Feeds Commercial livestock and poultry feeds are analyzed for content of protein, fat, crude fiber and, at times, urea. They are further an-alyzed microscopically to determine the individual ingredients of which the feed is composed. The coverage for the biennium was as follows: Official feed samples 4,803 Unofficial and miscellaneous samples 574 Total 5,377 Fertilizer samples are carefully weighed before analysis. Files in background carry approximately 6,000 official samples. Report for 1950-52 — Chemistry 31 Samples of livestock and poultry feeds are analyzed under a microscope to deter-mine the various components. According to these analyses, the feeds sold in the State during the biennium were found to be generally of satisfactory quality and to measure up to guarantees. A number of lots, however, were found deficient. Where these lots had been sold to consumers, they were re-imbursed for deficiencies according to the penalty section of the feed law. In other instances, manufacturers were required to repossess and reprocess lots which had not gotten into the hands of consumers. Detailed reports of analyses were forwarded to those concerned as soon as the work was completed. Information on deficient brands was published periodically in the Agricultural Review. Results on all work were made available annually in a Feed Report issue of The Bulletin. Economic Poisons The inspection and analysis of economic poisons during the pres-ent biennium have been improved in a noteworthy manner. Up through 1948, the year in which the present economic poisons law be-came effective, the average yearly registration of brands approximated 300. Following that year and through 1952, this average has been close to 2,000 per year; the latter part of this period, above 2,200. Detail of that growth is shown in the following tabulation: 32 N. C. Department of Agriculture Year Registrations 1941 232 1943 218 1945 317 1946 412 1947 524 * This year incomplete. Year Registrations 1948 1214 1949 1797 1950 1864 1951 2351 *1952 2255 Obviously several things contributed to this increase in registra-tion— the new law which brings in all economic poisons whereas the preceding one covered only agricultural insecticides, the greatly in-creased need and demand for these products, the development of many new ones and the great expansion in the industry. It remains, how-ever, that the large increase in use of agricultural insecticides alone would have required a greatly enlarged control program if stability in the insecticide field were to be maintained. This extends also to the non-agricultural field. Prior to 1947 the average number per year of official insecticide samples collected and analyzed was approximately 300. For the year 1951 the first annual issue of The Bulletin which was devoted solely to economic poisons was published. This followed the style of the Insecticides are analyzed in this laboratory. The apparatus in the foreground serves to separate benzene hexachloride into its component parts. Report for 1950-52 — Chemistry 33 annual issues of the Fertilizer and Feed Bulletins and comprised 144 pages. With other material pertinent to insecticides, it carried the analyses for approximately 1,400 official insecticide samples. In ad-dition to this, a number of unofficial and miscellaneous samples were analyzed. The coverage in this work is being further increased for 1952. During the preceding biennium, 1948-50, one new insecticide lab-oratory was provided and was ready for use in the latter part of that period. In personnel, one chemist was provided for the work. Other help had to be borrowed or transferred, thus curtailing other pro-grams. There are now three full-time chemists on this work. Clerical help also is provided. Inspection and collection of samples has been combined with stock feed inspections on a year-round basis. Three full-time inspectors and part-time of another are now on this com-bined work. Funds have been made available for additional lab-oratory space and will be utilized as soon as the new annex to the Agriculture Building, which is now under way, is completed. A weak point in the present program is inadequate inspection service. The present force cannot fully carry the needed field work to keep both feed and insecticide work going. Therefore, request for one additional inspector is included in the budget for the coming biennium. In view of the critical nature of insecticide control it is hoped that this need will be taken care of. Linseed Oils Following the practice of making cross-section surveys on linseed oils, for checking composition, labeling and use of inspection stamps, 346 samples were collected and analyzed. Results showed these pro-ducts to be on a very satisfactory level as to all claims and require-ments. Anti-Freezes Prior to the enactment of the automotive anti-freeze law of 1949, these products were the cause of much trouble and damage. Along with the reliable brands on the market, there were types put out by the unscrupulous which were extremely damaging and destructive to automotive equipment. Motorists could not discern between the good and the bad until the damage had been done. This reflected on ali brands. This law requires registration and clearance of all anti-freezes with this Department before their sale is legal. The law apparently has afforded complete protection to both consumers and sound producers 34 N. C. Department of Agriculture /./• : ,i The apparatus shown in the foreground of this laboratory picture is used in mak-ing some tvpes of food analyses. since no single complaint has reached the Department subsequent to the enactment of the law, nor has it been found necessary to decline registration of any brand for which this was requested. Both industry and the trade have co-operated fully in the enforcement of the law. Application was made for registration of 75 brands in 1950-51 and 63 brands in 1951-52, a total of 138 registrations for the biennium. All were found acceptable. Foods and Drugs The overall purpose of the food and drug work is to assure the public of being provided with clean, wholesome, safe foods, drugs and cosmetics. The work is carried out under the State's basic pure food law—the North Carolina Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. This is sup-plemented by specific laws dealing with bakeries, bottling plants, flour and its products, corn meal and oleomargarine. In the great majority of cases, those who handle and sell food pro-ducts appear to have a high sense of responsibility and operate under generally satisfactory conditions. Difficulty usually stems from a minority, largely attributable to carelessness, or to indifference and ignorance of both the ethics and responsibilities of the food and drug industries. Report for 1950-52 — Chemistry 35 Inspection of Plants and Sales Outlets The food laws require that foods shall not be exposed, stored, handled or processed in a manner whereby they may become con-taminated. Sound and wholesome ingredients also are required. Plant inspections are made in order to determine if these requirements are met. In case of minor defects, prompt correction is required. Suspen-sion of activities or other action may be required in cases of gross defects. Summary—Food Plant Inspections Bakeries and Doughnut Plants 2258 Bottling Plants 1485 Other types of plants (processing and packaging, meats, pickles, seafoods, flour and meal, candy, po-tato chips, fruits and vegetables, etc.) 2353 Total 6096 Plant Operations Suspended (Largely Voluntary) Bakeries 70 Bottling Plants 45 Miscellaneous plants 12 Total 127 Systematic inspection also is made of conditions in wholesale and retail outlets and of the labeling of goods handled therein. Obvious defects can be detected at this level and corrections advised. The oc-currence of major defects or appearance of fraud may result in the offending product being placed under embargo pending correction, or in further action. In a number of instances unsatisfactory conditions were required to be corrected. Of approximately 10,000 label inspec-tions, 708 instances of defective labeling were observed and corrections required. Adulteration and Misbranding of Foods The various reasons for which foods fail to meet the requirements of the law will place them under the classifications either as "adulter-ated," "misbranded" or both. Adulteration may come from many causes such as unsound raw products, improper handling and pro- 36 N. C. Department of Agriculture cessing, rodents and insects, exposure in various manners, etc. With these is the intentioned adulteration for fraudulent purposes. Mis-branding more often arises from oversight or lack, of information. However, fraudulent branding and economic cheats are not un-common. Among the actions taken during the biennium were three which involved disregard of law and ethics. In one case a packing company located near Washington, N. C, slaughtered and sold as food for hu-man use pork from hogs which had been placed under veterinary quarantine because of a diseased condition. Part of the meat was consumed before the Division learned of the circumstances. By em-bargo action, 12,160 pounds of this meat was removed from the market and destroyed. In a recorder's court action the court concurred in the destruction of the meat, but terminated the case with a warning to the operators. This work was carried out jointly with the Beaufort County Health Department. In five North Carolina towns—Asheville, Forest City, Elizabeth City, Roanoke Rapids and Wilmington—a total of 1,566 pints of fresh oysters were removed from sale under State action, because of containing excess water. These were cases of deliberate and fraud-ulent adulteration. Since these oysters were shipped from sources out-side the State, the actions were handled jointly with the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Another version of deliberate fraud which was dealt with was the marketing of horse meat, represented to be beef and sold as ham-burger to school lunch rooms, hospitals and cafes. The towns prin-cipally concerned were Asheville, Charlotte, Forest City, Gastonia, Hickory, Marion, Rutherfordton, and Salisbury. Action in Asheville courts resulted in conviction of offenders. The chief violator, oper-ating from an adjoining state, is under indictment but has not yet been apprehended. No repetition of the violation has been discovered. The work was carried out jointly by State and Federal enforcement officials and local health departments. Official Samples A basic factor in the enforcement of the Food and Drug Laws is the collection and analysis of official samples. Chemical analysis is the final qualifying factor in a great majority of instances. Since ana-lytical work is tedious and time-consuming, it is important that sam-ples be judiciously selected in order to obtain maximum coverage with the amount of work that can be done. Refokt for 1950-52 — Chemistry A1 37 These photos show damage resulting from fires at Oxford, N. C. The food products shown here were damaged in varying degrees by fire, fumes, smoke and water. In many cases such products can be partly salvaged for human use, but food inspectors must supervise the classifying and clearing. 38 N. C. Department of Agriculture Department inspectors collected 1,476 official samples during the biennium. These were carried through appropriate analyses—chem-ical, physical, microscopic, and optical. A large number of unofficial samples are sent in from various parts of the State each year. They represent a great variety of products and interests. Effort is made to analyze as many of these as the individual situations merit and as time may permit. Fires, Floods, Storms, and Wrecks Varying quantities of foods and drugs are involved in fires, floods, storms and wrecks and are exposed to contamination, damage, or destruction. Understandably, effort at a maximum salvage is most likely to follow in order to minimize losses. The danger involved in rerouting such salvage into channels for human consumption usually is not known or is overlooked or ignored. Immediate attention is given to these situations. All exposed pro-ducts are placed under embargo, then separated and classified accord-ing to their condition. Those which are satisfactory for human con-sumption are permitted to be salvaged for that purpose. Those not suitable for this use are denatured and diverted to other permissible uses or are destroyed. During the biennium the Division dealt with 14 fires of various proportions, in which foods and drugs were involved. The most seri-ous of these were in Whiteville and Durham, involving gross losses of $164,000 and $124,200, respectively. Other such fires occurred in Greensboro, Chadbourn, Lincolnton, Lenoir, Oxford (two) , Raleigh (two) , Laurinburg, and Washington (two) . The gross losses of all totaled approximately $446,000, involving some 1,700 tons of products. Fortunately, the state suffered no storms or floods of consequence during the biennium. There were two wrecks of minor proportion which involved food and drug products. Chemical Control of Drugs The control of drugs as set up in the drug section of the North Carolina Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act is in general the least under-stood of the control laws with which the Department deals. This work often is confused with the practice of medicine or pharmacy. It is no more the practice of medicine or pharmacy than is the manu-facture of scalpels the practice of surgery. The purpose of drug con-trol is to make available to the professions using drugs and to the public a supply of reliable, honestly labeled drugs. Report for 1950-52 — Chemistry 39 The chemical control of drugs is exactly the same in principle as the chemical control of foods or fertilizers. The law requires hon-est, factual labeling in each case, requires that ingredients be listed and guaranteed and that the products measure up to these guarantees. Visual inspection will show whether the labeling complies with re-quirements. However, when products are apparently labeled accord-ing to requirements, the only final proof is chemical analysis. In some instances packages have been found to contain an en-tirely different product from that declared on the label. There was just such an occurrence in North Carolina not so long ago. A con-signment of a bottled product labeled "Castor Oil" actually contained turpentine. It was sold and used as a purgative, a common use of such oil. The results can well be estimated. Another instance of this nature which the Division recently in-vestigated was a situation in which an antiseptic was used instead of a prescribed antacid for indigestion. This was due to lack of labeling. These are examples of the too-frequently occurring miscarriages in the handling of drugs. A more adequate plant inspection and control program is the best means for curtailing these occurrences. Regrettably, there occurs each year instances in which unsatisfac-tory drugs appear on the market and are recalled because of trouble. The Division dealt with five such cases during the biennium. These were handled in co-operation with the U. S. Food and Drug Admini-stration. Four involved non-sterility where absolute sterility was cri-tical. One dealt with excess potency which rendered the product dangerous when used as directed. In these cases prompt action was critical in order to avoid repetition of the injury which brought the defects to light. Each year brings complaints of the illegal sale and misuse of dan-gerous drugs which are restricted to use on prescription only. The more common complaint involves the barbiturates (sleeping pills) . These complaints were fewer for the present biennium than previous-ly. Prompt action upon complaint is a deterrent, however more ade-quate inspection and checking would be more effective. Three cases of this kind were investigated and cleared. Other cases dealt with a fraudulent "Cure for diabetes," offered as a substitute for insulin, so called cures for epilepsy, teething powder which caused mercury poisoning and a dandruff remedy which con-tained a substance injurious to the eyes. The "New Drug" section of the law is a very effective protection to consumers. This section requires that all new drugs shall clear under the State law or the similar Federal law. The Division dealt 40 N. C. Department of Agriculture with 21 such items, among them being several cancer remedies and cures for asthma. It is needless to record that the cures for cancer and asthma regularly fail to pass muster. Effective work is being done on drugs. However, coverage is not by any means considered adequate or what it should be. Request is being made to the 1953 Legislature to provide two food, drugs and cosmetic inspectors and two chemists. One of the purposes for these will be improvement in the drug control program. Further improve-ment is anticipated when the new building annex, now under way, is completed. This will make available space for an adequate drug laboratory. Oleomargarine Change was made in the oleomargarine laws in 1949 which per-mitted the sale of the colored product in public dining rooms, pro-vided such sales were accompanied by placards and other identifying means. The Division has checked on observance of these requirements in a limited way, particularly where there was cause to believe there was misrepresentation. The few cases of violation which were found appeared to be due to ignorance of requirements. They were readily corrected. The change in the law created a greatly expanded inspec-tion job which, to fully cover, would be beyond the capacity of the present inspection staff while carrying on its many other duties also. The provision for new inspectors as now being requested will enable, among other things, a broader coverage of this field. Co-operation With Other Agencies Full co-operation with other agencies concerned in the same or kin-dred lines of work is a strong asset to both the Division and to those agencies. The joint efforts of the Division with the N. C. Board of Pharmacy and the State Bureau of Investigation promptly curbed cases of illegal sale of drugs. Joint work wTith the Health Departments of Charlotte and Asheville stopped the illegal sale of horse meat and resulted in the trial and conviction of the offenders. Such action with the Health Department of Washington, N. C. resulted in the destruc-tion of a large quantity of diseased pork. Similar work with the U. S. Food and Drug Administration quickly and effectively removed dan-gerous drugs from the market. It also was very effective in curbing the sale in this State of watered oysters shipped from other states. These joint actions produced results much more promptly and effec-tively than would have been possible otherwise. Report for 1950-52 — Chemistry 41 Laboratories and Equipment The principal laboratory need is additional funds for setting up and equipping laboratories in the space that will be available for that purpose in the new building. This includes renovation and enlarge-ment of some of the present laboratories in order to relieve congestion which has developed over a period of years as a result of periodically increasing load. Request is being made for such provision. Personnel In general, the character and efficiency of the personnel and its work has been of a high order and merits appreciation and com-mendation. Salaries have been improved, but there still is the diffi-culty of ever rising costs. It is hoped that the coming Legislature will be able to adjust salaries to relieve this economic pressure on members of the staff. Some of the programs are handicapped because of limited help. To relieve this, request is being made for one additional inspector for feed and insecticide inspection, two chemists and two inspectors to enable bringing food and drug work up to a more adequate level and one secretary to take care of the greatly increased load of office work. D. R. Graham CREDIT UNION DIVISION D. R. Graham Superintendent During the two-year period ending June 30, 1952, credit unions operating under North Carolina charter showed an increase of 6,000 in membership and $2,000,000 in resources. This is substantially the same increase shown between 1948 and 1950. During the period, nine credit unions were organized and six liquidated for a net increase of three. Prior to July, 1950, major emphasis had been placed on organizing new credit unions. For the past two years, greater emphasis has been placed on teaching credit union officials the phil-osophy and mechanics of operating a credit union. During the period of intense organizational activity, a number of credit unions were or-ganized which for various reasons we now find it necessary to liquidate. In most of these instances the groups show lack of interest or failure to keep proper records. Both group interest and good record-keeping are essential to successful credit union operation. Credit unions are now operating in the majority of the counties in the State and break down into the following classifications: Rural community, 65; urban community, 38; manufacturing 27; public util-ities, 21; government, state, county and municipal employees, 19; post-al employees, 16; retail merchandise, nine; newspapers, nine; restau-rant, three; and miscellaneous, four. A number of credit unions listed under other headings make loans for agricultural purposes. For ex-ample, the credit unions at Champion Paper and Fibre Company, the American Enka Corporation and Chatham Manufacturing Company have a number of employees who live on farms and who finance their farm operations through credit union loans. Although North Carolina Credit Union Law is regarded as one of the best in the nation, some changes are being considered. This law, enacted in 1915 and altered but little since then, imposes a limi-tation of $50 on unsecured loans. A corresponding provision in the federal credit union law, enacted in 1934, has been amended from time to time, increasing to $400 the maximum amount of unsecured loans. Some credit union officers and members feel that the North Carolina law should be similarly amended. Report for 1950-52 — Credit Union 43 Many North Carolina credit unions are helping their members to finance farm-ing operations. For instance, the tractor and hay-baler in the top photo and the poultry house in the lower photo were financed with loans made by the Chatham Employees Credit Union, of Elkin. 44 N. C. Department of Agriculture Credit unions operating within white groups have done an out-standing job of taking care of their members' short-term credit needs and in the last few years several Negro credit unions have forged to the front in this respect. Three community credit unions among Ne-groes in Gastonia, Winston-Salem and Chowan County, with total re-sources in excess of $800,000, have done a remarkable job in not only taking care of their members' short-term needs but in financing homes and farms. Many of these people would never have owned property had it not been for the credit union, as they were unable to obtain credit elsewhere. NUMBER, MEMBERSHIP AND ASSETS OF STATE-CHARTERED CREDIT UNIONS June 30, 1950 June 30, 1952 Active Credit Unions 208 211 Total Members 49,031 55,081 Total Assets $9,322,611.23 $11,314,522.03 NORTH CAROLINA CREDIT UNIONS CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET June 30, 1952 Assets June 30, 1950 June 30, 1952 Cash on Hand $1,340,364.74 $2,207,593.25 Loans to Members 5,864,501.56 6,998,183.61 U. S. Government Bonds 1,765,919.44 1,944,308.35 Other Assets 351,825.49 164,436.82 $9,322,611.23 $11,314,522.03 Liabilities and Capital Shares $7,022,866.83 $8,584,978.68 Deposits 932,358.36 1,050,826.11 Reserve Fund 327,732.83 478,763.32 Notes Payable 615,124.80 710,775.00 Undivided Earnings 232,683.88 356,561.68 Other Liabilities 191,844.53 132,617.24 ),322,611.23 $11,314,522.03 DAIRY DIVISION C. W. Pegram Director Because milk and other dairy products play an important role in the diet of North Caro-linians, the State Legislature has from time to time adopted laws to insure purity and quality for the consumers. This Division is concerned with investigating various aspects of the dairy-ing industry and execution of existing laws C. W. Pegram and regulations. The Board of Agriculture made a distinct contribution toward milk safety by adopting a regulation requiring permanent removal of all dairy animals infected with brucellosis (Bang's disease) from herds producing fluid milk—either raw or pasteurized—for human consumption. This regulation became effective at the end of the 1950-52 biennium, and its State-wide application will place North Carolina as a leader in animal health requirements for all milk sup-plies. Enforcement will be a co-operative effort with the Veterinary Division, and plans are being developed for a mobile laboratory to be used jointly with the veterinary staff. This Division is especially concerned with administering the fol-lowing three important laws affecting dairy products: 1. The Ice Cream Law, which provides for standards in cleanliness and sanitation, purity of dairy products, and correct tests of butterfat. 2. The Milk and Cream Import Law, which provides for the con-trol of milk coming into North Carolina, requiring the same standards as those for milk produced in this State. 3. The Babcock Test Law, which provides for inspection, grading and testing of milk and other dairy products offered for sale by a milk producer, manufacturer or distributor. The Board of Agriculture also amended the rules and regulations to provide that milk or liquid milk products sold for consumption on the premises shall be served in the original single service bottle or container. This regulation offers consumers protection in that the name of product, grade and name of processor are carried either on the cap or the package. The consumer is also served standard measure. 46 N. C. Department of Agriculture Soft type ice cream installations have increased throughout the State. During the biennium inspections were made of 213 counter freezer and soft ice cream manu-facturers. Ice cream is enjoyed by young and old, and national sales levels for May 1952 show this State to be in 10th place, only slightly behind the ninth position. The 1952 production was 12,137,000 gallons as re-ported by the Federal and State Crop Reporting Service. This rep-resents a per capita consumption of approximately 3 1/3 gallons. The control program as carried on by the Division warrants some recogni-tion for this phenomenal consumer acceptance. During the biennium nearly 2,000 inspections were made of the 75 wholesale plants and 213 counter freezer and soft ice cream manu-facturers. Along with these inspections 2,849 samples were analyzed for butterfat, total solids and bacteria count. Results of all analyses were sent to plants and retail operators. In cases where deficiencies were found, follow-up field inspections were made. During this period it was necessary to issue only ten closing orders, embargo 73 gallons of ice cream and I2iy2 gallons of ice cream mix. It was necessary to take court action in only one case. This low per-centage of legal action may be taken as evidence that co-operation has been received from the ice cream industry. Part credit for this accomplishment is due to the ever-vigilant field men who, while having been strict, have rendered assistance to the industry in regards to mat-ters of sanitation and purity of product. The use of foreign fats as a substitute for butterfat may present distinct control problems in the near future. Several states are al-ready confronted with this issue. Report for 1950-52 — Dairy 47 Despite the fact that Grade A milk production has increased dur-ing the past ten years it has been necessary to import large amounts of milk from other states. Approximately 28 million pounds were imported in 1951, a considerable reduction over the 53 million pounds imported in 1949. This shortage reaches its peak in the fall and winter months, after the opening of schools. The deficit is also due in some measure to demands of military facilities located in the State. The 1949 Legislature provided for regulating the movement of emergency milk supplies from outside the State through a permit sys-tem. Approved permits are required of the out-of-state supplier and the state receiver. Much effort is spent on this program by the Division as it is neces-sary to make field inspections of the out-of-state supplier. Tanker de-liveries are checked at delivery points and samples are secured for laboratory analysis. It has been necessary to revoke a number of per-mits and to refuse issuance to some applicants. This activity has resulted in an improved milk supply for fluid consumption and has prevented the State from being the dumping ground for low quality milk. Super markets and paper cartons are changing consumers' milk buying habits. This movement undoubtedly has increased sales. 48 N. C. Department of Agriculture Tanker transportation of milk has proved very satisfactory for long distance hauls and there are indications that tankers may be used in the near future to deliver milk from dairy farms to processing plants. There is a great need for increased production of Grade A milk in the State and such increase would be of economic value and would further contribute to milk quality. The butterfat test law was amended in 1951, giving clarification to the matter of licensing testers and to methods of sampling and testing. The Division acts in the capacity of a referee between the producer and the buyer. Butterfat is variable for many reasons, and is often the cause of suspicion between the producer and buyer. The Dairy Division is proud of the progress made in test super-vision. Testers are given strict examinations before licenses are grant-ed. Approved methods of sampling, proper storage of samples, and accurate testing equipment are required at all buying plants. A con-tinuous system of check testing is followed, with approximately 385 investigations involving 20,000 fresh samples being made annually. Over 5,000 notices are mailed yearly to producers informing them of this Division's findings. Special investigations are made upon request. The complaints are decreasing each year and this indicates the de-velopment of confidence between buyer and seller. The amended butterfat test law also provides for certain definitions of milk, cream, butter, cheese, ice cream and other frozen desserts. Provision was made for authority to issue "Stop Sales" in cases of con-tamination, failure to meet standards and definitions, or misbranding. Report for 1950-52 — Dairy 49 Samples of milk and other products are purchased on state-wide level. Securing of these samples involves auto travel over long dis-tances, as it is necessary to get samples to the central laboratory on the same day as purchased. Plans are now in progress to establish a mobile laboratory which will be used as an adjunct to our central laboratory. This should result in greater efficiency and make for better state-wide coverage. Standards for milk and dairy products are established primarily to in-sure honesty and fair dealing with the consuming public. Their goal, when reached, protects the honest manufacturer. This Division's sampling plan of control offers the consuming public worthwhile protection in regard to purity and quality of product. This practice makes for better compliance with standards and definitions. Consequently adulteration has been reduced to a minimum. Reports of laboratory findings are sent to all local health depart-ments, and this information is of value to them in their control pro-grams. Every co-operation is offered to all health agencies in regard to providing the people of this State the best possible milk supply. STATISTICAL REPORT July 1, 1950 — June 30, 1952 Plant Investigations (Bntterfat check testing) 774 Testers Licenses issued (yearly) 98 Butterfat check tests (Fresh daily) 35,757 Composite samples (checked test) '. 1,620 Supervised Tests 466 Total 37,843 Milk and other Dairy Products analyzed—Official 3,872 Milk and other Dairy Products analyzed—Unofficial 250 Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts samples analyzed—Official 2,849 Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts samples analyzed—Unofficial 22 Ice Cream Plant Inspections 1,980 Dairy Farm Inspections 1,280 Court Convictions 1 Butter Plant Inspections 12 Cheese Plant Inspections 4 Sediment Tests s 2,109 Temperature checks :.'.'. 1,154 Methylene Blue Tests 2,000 Gallons Ice Cream Embargoes 73 Gallons Ice Cream Mix Embargoes 121i/9 Gallons Milk Embargoes 6,023 Out-of-State Milk Supplies Inspected 30 Milk Cans Condemned 40 DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY C. H. Brannon State Entomologist The Division of Entomology enforces the State insect pest and plant disease laws and regulations and administers the laws and regulations pertaining to State bee diseases. Assistance is given in the enforcement of Fed-eral quarantines—such as the Japanese Beetle C. H. Brannon and White - Fringed Beetle quarantines — through co-operation with the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. Duplication and conflicts are avoided, since close co-operation is maintained with entomologists and plant pathologists of the North Carolina Extension Service, the Ex-periment Station and the Federal government. Nursery Inspection The largest single project of this Division is the annual inspection of all nurseries in the State. This work is performed by staff members during the summer of each year. Nursery certificates totaling 170 Inspection of nurseries, of which there are more than 400 in North Carolina, is one of the most important services of the Entomology Division. Report for 1950-52 — Entomology 51 One of the largest orchid establishments in the South is located in North Carolina. It is the Carolina Orchid Growers, Inc., of Southern Pines, whose plant is shown above. were issued in 1936-37, and since that time the number of nurseries has increased to approximately 400. In addition, approximately 100 State certificates are issued to dealers of nursery stock. White-Fringed Beetle The White-Fringed Beetle project is conducted jointly by this Di-vision and the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. During the past biennium considerable aid in supplying insecticides and labor was donated by counties, business firms and individuals. The State furnished most insecticides and some personnel, and the Federal government supplied spray equipment, transportation and supervisory personnel. This project is concerned with inspection, control and quarantine enforcement. Since infestation is still limited in the State, control work is being continued. In addition to the control work in the known infested area, inspections for both larvae and adults were continued in order to locate new infestations resulting from artificial spread. During 1950-51 the White-Fringed Beetle was discovered in Har-nett and Wake, bringing the total infested area to 16,692 acres in 20 counties. DDT foliage treatment was administered to 6,083 acres and 2,044 acres received DDT soil treatment. Certificates totaling 13,422 were issued for movement of nursery stock, soil, etc. 52 N. C. Department of Agriculture No newly infested counties were found during 1951-52; however, 1,887 acres were added to the infested territory. An area of 373 acres was designated as inactive, since no beetles were found there during the preceding three years. DDT foliage treatment was applied to 4,204 acres and 954 acres received DDT soil treatment. Certificates for move-ment of nursery stock and soil totaled 14,838. Japanese Beetle Japanese beetle control is also a co-operative project between this Division and the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. The Federal Japanese beetle quarantine was extended to North Carolina in 1951 and includes the following counties: Beaufort, Bertie, Buncombe, Cabarrus, Camden, Carteret, Chowan, Craven, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Davidson, Duplin, Edgecombe, For-syth, Gates, Guilford, Greene, Halifax, Harnett, Henderson, Hert-ford, Hyde, Johnson, Jones, Lenoir, Martin, Mecklenburg, Washing-ton, New Hanover, Northampton, Onslow, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pender, Perquimans, Pitt, Randolph, Rowan, Sampson, Tyrrell, Nash, Wayne, Wilson, and Beaver Dam Township and City of Canton in Haywood County, and Blowing Rock Township in Watauga County. Japanese beetle infestation now covers parts of the entire State. After a pest becomes widespread over the State it is physically and financially impossible for the State and Federal governments to con-tinue control activities, and they then become the responsibility of individuals, communities, municipalities, or counties. Mist-blower in action to control Japanese beetles. Report for 1950-52 — Entomology 53 ~^pr <^ """^ Nematode damage in bulb field. In the summer of 1950 traps were placed in 36 localities and Jap-anese beetles were found in 32 counties. All nurseries were scouted at least once, and nine localities received mist-blower foliage treatment. Increased infestation was discovered in eastern and western parts of the State. The following summer 1,500 traps were used in scouting along all the main highways in proposed non-regulated areas. During this season all nurseries were scouted from one to three times. Thirteen nurseries within the regulated area and three small nurseries in Cald-well County were found infested. DDT mist-blower treatments were applied at Marion, Boone and Blowing Rock. Three sections of the State were placed under Federal quarantine in August, 1951. The quarantined area includes 35 counties in the east, seven in the Piedmont, and two and part of a third in the moun-tains. Approximately 15,180,000 plants have been certified for move-ment under the quarantine. Several approved treatments are avail-able to shippers of regulated items when it becomes necessary to treat for certification. Truckers have been notified that front vents must be screened while their truck are within the heavily infested area during the flight season of the beetle. 54 N. C. Department of Agriculture Narcissus Bulb Inspection The future of the narcissus industry in the State depends upon this project designed to detect plants infected with eel worm or nema-tode. This operation, carried on in the early spring, is confined largely to New Hanover County with some work being done in Beaufort, Chatham and Guilford counties. In 1951 the inspection included 129 acres on 14 properties. Presence of nematode was found in one prop-erty and the infected bulbs were treated with hot water and the soil was fumigated. The following spring 115 acres were inspected on 10 properties with infection being reported on three properties. One infected property had not been previously inspected, and another was infected from bulbs imported in 1951. All infected bulbs were sub-jected to the standard hot water treatment or destroyed and all in-fected soil was fumigated. Camellia Flower Blight Camellia flower blight was discovered in one Brunswick County nursery in 1949. The owner of the infected nursery has given this Division complete co-operation. Quarantine and control work has progressed satisfactorily and it is believed that the spread of this dis-ease can be prevented. Camellias grown under quarantine regulations are carefully inspected and certified under expert supervision. Apiary Inspection This Division does not have a full time apiary inspector, but a trained member of the staff performs such work in this field as his other duties will permit. Following is a summary of the bee inspection work during the past biennium: Number of colonies inspected 3,972 Colonies infected with American foulbrood 64 Colonies infected with European foulbrood 100 Colonies infected with sacbrood 200 Colonies infected with nosema and paralysis 100 Colonies with other brood diseases 50 Number of queen breeders inspected 7 Number of package bee shippers inspected 12 Due to shortage in personnel, inspections were limited to queen breeders, package bee shippers, transient beekeepers and others re-questing inspection. Insect Collection The State insect collection continues to grow and thousands of new insect records were added and catalogued during the past year. Currently more than 13,000 different species of insects and near in-sects are recorded from North Carolina. The State insect collection is Report for 1950-52 — Entomology 55 the largest in the South and more space is needed for efficient hand-ling. Thousands of specimens continue to come in for identification from all over the State. Many new kinds of insects have been recorded from these inquiries, most of which were household pests or insects affecting trees, animals and man. An increasing number of students from colleges and schools use the facilities of the insect collection and laboratory. Also many scientists from all over the United States have referred to this collection for study and much material has been ex-amined and exchanged. During the past year some permanent equipment was added to take care of the collection, but more will be needed when larger quarters are available. A new supplement to List of Insects in North Carolina has recently been published bringing up-to-date information on insects newly found within the State. An increasing amount of ad-vice and service is rendered to both State and Federal field workers. White Pine Blister Rust North Carolina has over 581,000 acres of white pine to be pro-tected from deadly blister rust. This disease cannot be spread from pine to pine, but must develop from pine through wild or cultivated currants or gooseberries of the genus Ribes. This program for the most part consists in eradicating Ribes from important white pine areas. The disease can be spread from pine to Ribes over a distance of some 150 miles, but Ribes cannot infect white pines over 900 feet away. Blister rust is now found on white pine in Ashe, Buncombe, Hay-wood, McDowell and Yancey counties. Infected Ribes are found in Avery, Graham, Jackson, Madison, McDowell, Mitchell, Transylvania and Watauga counties. Resurvey was made in Madison County on 51,109 acres. Control area examination and eradication were confined mostly to Yancey, Mitchell and Avery counties, where 3,200 Ribes were removed from 402 acres of control area. Rust was found on white pine in Avery County at 13 different locations, including four nurseries. It is the purpose of the blister rust program to keep bushes down in order to prevent commercial damage. White pine is found in 25 western North Carolina counties and annually yields about 30,000,000 board feet of lumber. The survey is about complete in those counties where wild Ribes and white pine are known to occur together. Work in the future will consist of mak-ing sufficient surveys to keep up with the spread of the pine and such eradication as is found necessary. 56 N. C. Department of Agriculture The following shows the present status of control work: Total control acres 1,361,532 Total control acres Ribes free 1,355,981 Total control acres Ribes bearing 5,551 Total Ribes bearing control acres on maintenance 2,891 Per cent control acres on maintenance total 99.8 Per cent control acres on maintenance Ribes bearing 52.1 Present and potential white pine in the State is valued at over $28,000,000. Blister rust is a threat to this valuable timber, but it can now be controlled at a small cost due to the long-range program of this Division. European Corn Borer Scouting surveys show Craven County to be the only new area infested with the European corn borer during the past biennium. Phony Peach Disease Scouting for phony peach disease began in 1930, when several counties were found infected. As a result of systematic eradication measures, the disease apparently disappeared after 1939. However, later research proved that the native wild plumb is capable of spread-ing the disease without showing signs of phony infection, and recent investigations have shown that three species of leaf-hoppers spread the disease from infected to healthy trees. In the light of this later information a phony disease survey was again made in the summer of 1951, when all commercial peach orchards were carefully scouted in Polk and Rutherford counties. Two in-fected trees were found in Polk County. In 1952 the commercial orchards in Cumberland and Scotland counties were surveyed, and two phony infected trees were found in Cumberland. Inspections in the vicinity of nurseries growing peach trees revealed no stock infected with the phony disease. Dura Stem Borer Due to a defective fumigation chamber at the port of Baltimore, broom corn inported from Italy heavily infested with the dura stem borer and the European corn borer was shipped into many localities of North Carolina in March and April, 1951. In co-operation with the Federal government, surveys were made of infested stock at broom factories in the State. Many factories co-operated in destroying infested straw, and one carload of it was fumi-gated with methyl bromide at Greensboro, N. C. While no infestations have been found in areas surrounding the plants which received shipments of the infested broom corn, scoutings must be made for some years to ensure against spread of these pests. DIVISION OF MARKETS John A. Winfield Director Diseases, insects and weather hazards, which the farmer faces in producing his crops and livestock, are replaced by a host of other con-trolling factors when the commodities he pro-duces are ready for market. To mention a few of these, there is the problem of preparing each product before selling, determining where, how, and when to sell, and arranging for prop-er methods of handling and transporting the John A. Winfield commodities for sale. These problems do not end with the producer sale, however. They continue through each marketing channel from the producer to the consumer. They become more prominent during periods of over-pro-duction and times of short supply, and are lessened only through effi-cient marketing methods. Seeking to eliminate as many of these problems as possible, the Markets Division, during the 1950-52 biennium, placed continued emphasis on the establishment of additional marketing facilities and efficiency in the use of existing ones. The demand for marketing assistance and information from pro-ducers, handlers and processors was enlarged to a record point during the biennium as sharp increases occurred in the production of cer-tain food and fiber crops, as well as in tobacco, the State's principal cash crop. The short labor supply also added to this demand as the need became more acute for major technical changes in facilities for marketing all farm commodities. Evidence of this is particularly noticeable in North Carolina's ex-panding grain industry, which now is producing approximately 100,- 000,000 bushels of grain annually. Prior to 1950, suitable off-farm storage facilities for 750,000 bushels of grain had been established. During the past biennium, however, Division personnel were in-strumental in arranging for the establishment of facilities for holding approximately 760,000 additional bushels, bringing the total capacity now to 1,510,000. Technical assistance to cotton ginners, who willingly followed the advice of Division specialists, proved highly valuable to the State's large number of cotton farmers. It is conservatively estimated that North Carolina ginners invest each year about two dollars in new 58 N. C. Department of Agriculture gin machinery for every bale of cotton ginned. This was particularly true during the past biennium when, as a result of modern equipment and improved operating techniques, ginners reduced rough prep to a record low of 1.1 per cent. The record low prior to that time was 5.0 per cent in 1948. Meeting, in part, the demand for additional market news informa-tion during the past biennium, the Division began compiling and re-leasing daily price quotations on corn and soybeans in the fall of 1950. Prices on wheat, oats and milo were added in the summer of 1951. At present, prices are compiled and reported daily to the press and radio from 14 local markets and four terminal points. In co-operation with the Agricultural Extension Service, arrange-ments were made in 1951 to begin collecting and releasing daily price quotations on cotton from six of the State's leading markets. Ex-cellent results were obtained in this venture and the demand for its continuance is increasing. Tobacco growers, who through the production of the flue-cured and burley crop each year realize 57 per cent of the State's farm in-come, are becoming more conscious of the need for recognizing the U. S. Standard Grades under which tobacco is sold and are preparing their offerings in such a way as to meet the requirements of the buyers. Specialists instruct farmers in the proper sorting and grading of their leaf for market. Report for 1950-52 — Markets 59 During the 1950-52 biennium, division specialists strengthened their efforts to further promote this practice by conducting a service pro-gram in 31 flue-cured counties and 18 burley counties. Further assis-tance was given to more than 5,000 growers in improving their prac-tices of grading and handling tobacco for market. Special efforts were continued in the establishment of f.o.b. mar-kets for a more orderly system of marketing the State's fresh fruit and vegetable crops. Because of their perishable nature, these crops must be moved to the processor or consumer as soon as possible after har-vest. Typical acceptance to the f.o.b. system of sales may be found among eastern North Carolina's commercial lettuce growers. Encouraged by Division specialists and other agency personnel, a small group of lettuce growers in the Castle Hayne, Wrightsboro, and Burgaw sections marketed their 1950 crop on the f.o.b. basis. By 1951, the volume of lettuce handled through this method more than doubled, and in 1952, practically all of the crop was sold f.o.b. These are a few accomplishments made in the field of agricul-tural marketing. There is still a great deal to be done. North Carolina, as well as other southeastern states, is witnessing a steady growth in population, brought about primarily by the rising tide of industry. This means that the production of food and fiber crops must be stepped up proportionately. It also means that our shift from a seller's market to a buyer's market is being accelerated. Despite the increased grain drying and storage facilities over the State, there still exists a tremendous need for additional facilities. These must be established before local manufacturers can be assured of a constant supply of grain to meet their demands and before farm-ers, in turn, can expect the highest possible return for their products. Grading of corn and soybeans for commercial movement has in-creased tremendously during the past few years. And the demand by farmers, as well as handlers, for additional grading services is con-tinuing to increase at a rapid pace. This is an important service that is performed by the grain marketing specialists and is one that must be continued. The time required for this work, however, is hamper-ing the progress of the expanded marketing program for all grains. Intensive work with tobacco growers must be continued if the over-all improvement in preparation and marketing practices is to be-come outstanding. Because of its relatively small cotton crop and the varied condi-tions under which it is grown, North Carolina is at somewhat of a dis-advantage in marketing cotton. To overcome this disadvantage, it will be necessary to continue to increase the distribution of fiber test re-sults to the consumers who buy cotton for specific end uses. 60 N. C. Department of Agriculture North Carolina's poultry industry is expanding. More than 13,000,000 pounds of chickens and turkeys, most of which went to the armed forces, were officially graded by Markets Division specialists during the past biennium. North Carolina's poultry industry is continuing to expand each year and consumer demand is gradually changing from fresh, ice-packed whole chickens to more cut-up and tray-packed whole chickens or parts, along with cut-up frozen poultry. To meet this demand, local processors will require a considerable amount of technical assist-ance from marketing specialists in changing their operations. There are also definite indications that all dressed poultry moving through interstate commerce channels will have to be processed under the USDA inspection program. This means that several of the pro-cessing plants in this State will have to rebuild, remodel or make ma-jor changes before they meet these requirements if they expect to continue distributing poultry to their present customers. Here again, the demand for technical assistance will be great. With an increased number of cattle in the State and a demand for quality beef by consumers, the need for a more concerted program of producing, processing, and distributing quality beef is becoming apparent. Better marketing facilities also must be established to handle the increasing numbers, and more grading service, both live grading for stocker cattle and grading of slaughter cattle, is being required. Division specialists in the livestock section will be called Report for 1950-52 — Markets 61 upon to do this work in addition to performing their other duties. The rapid increase in milk production in North Carolina, along with a growing consumer demand, has created a need for a better marketing system in the dairy industry. This has been met in part by the state-wide milk marketing regulations adopted in 1949 by the Commissioner of Agriculture under the milk audit law and amend-ments thereto. Additional technical assistance will be necessary in the future, -however, in order to establish a more uniform and equit-able system of marketing milk produced by the State's dairy farmers. The program of distributing foods to schools and charitable in-stitutions is steadily increasing. During the coming school year, the number of meals served in school cafeterias will increase by five mil-lion over the previous year. Since the volume of food handled is based on the number of meals served, additional duties and facilities for handling the increasing quantities of food will be necessary. No one can accurately predict the future. However, present con-ditions, and future production plans, point to a continued increasing demand for marketing services. The Markets Division, although limit-ed in personnel and equipment, stands ready to assist in every way possible. Close co-operation from other agencies, long enjoyed by Division specialists, will continue to be solicited in the coming years. A summary of activities for the past biennium in the various phases covered by this Division follows: Tobacco The marketing of flue-cured and burley tobacco, North Carolina's most valuable agricultural crop and the source of 57 per cent of the State's farm income, presents many complex problems. Growers have a tendency to become careless in their preparation and marketing practices during periods of emergency. Since the Ko-rean conflict this has been particularly true, and specialists in the tobacco section are placing stronger emphasis on the importance of properly grading and handling tobacco for market. The primary problem is the failure of growers to recognize the U. S. Standard Grades under which tobacco is sold on the warehouse floors, and to prepare their offerings in such a way as to meet the requirements of the buyers. Such practices cause many lots of tobacco to be graded down, and command prices below the true auction mar-ket value. This is cutting into the tobacco farmer's margin of profit from the marketing end, while inflation and increased cost of produc- 62 N. C. Department of Agriculture Proper grading and handling increases the market value of tobacco. tion is cutting his profits from the other end. The combination of these factors leaves many growers with a very narrow margin on which to operate their farm business. During the 1950-52 biennium, Division specialists, through co-operation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture under the Re-search and Marketing Act, were able to spend more time assisting flue-cured and burley growers with their preparation and marketing problems. This service program was conducted in co-operation with the Extension Service, Vocational Agriculture teachers, farm organi-zations, and warehousemen in 31 flue-cured tobacco growing counties and in 18 burley counties. Specialists are helping North Carolina to-bacco farmers get a better understanding as to what the major prob-lems are in preparing and marketing tobacco, and then assisting them in making adjustments to meet the situation by starting at the source of the problem. During the biennium, 5,203 growers were assisted by specialists in improving their practices of grading and handling to-bacco for market so as to increase the market value by making the lots of tobacco more uniform in grade. The second and third annual issues of the North Carolina To-bacco Report were prepared during the 1950-52 biennium. The popularity of this bulletin made it necessary to print 8,000 copies of both the second and third issues, which were distributed to growers, Report for 1950-52 — Markets 63 warehousemen, dealers, libraries and others interested in tobacco mar-keting. The Tobacco Report reaches many growers who otherwise would receive very little marketing information, thus helping them to get a better picture of the tobacco marketing situation. In complying with the statutes of North Carolina, the Department issued a monthly report of tobacco warehouse sales. These reports were distributed to a mailing list of about 1,000, including growers, bankers, railroad representatives, members of the industry, press, radio, and civic and farm organizations. During the 1951 marketing season, a large quantity of some of the new varieties of Hue-cured tobacco appeared on the warehouse floor. Because of the questionable characteristics of this tobacco it was dis-criminated against by tobacco inspectors and buyers. This situation caused many growers to receive prices far below the market value for their tobacco. Marketing specialists, working with specialists from State College, and officials from the tobacco branch of the U. S. De-partment of Agriculture, immediately sought to correct this problem and by the middle of the marketing season most of the trouble had been cleared up. Data collected in connection with this problem in-dicated that certain modifications should be made in the U. S. Stand-ard Grades. Marketing specialists were instrumental in bringing about OUTLETS FOR U.S. TOBACCO BIL. LBS. 3 Cigarettes Cigars Smoking, chewing, snuff Exports 1924-28 1934-38 1948 1949 1950 1951 AV. AV. fAHM-SALES WEIGHT EQUIVALENT U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG.47415-XX BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 64 N. C. Department of Agriculture These technicians are testing cotton samples for uniformity of fiber length in the Depatrment's new Fiber Testing Laboratory. many of these changes, which will better classify the type of flue-cured tobacco being grown today. It is the unquestioned belief that cigarette and tobacco taxes are at or near the peak at which continued increase in consumption of tobacco products can be expected. Division specialists organized farm groups to appear before the Ways and Means Committee of the U. S. Congress in opposition to a proposed tax increase of 3 cents per package on cigarettes. The proposed increase was held to 1 cent per package which was considered a victory for tobacco growers. Assistance has been rendered warehousemen on the Wilson, Green-ville, Kinston, Greensboro, Windsor, Burlington and Ellerbe tobacco markets in solving buyer and warehousing problems. Co-operation and assistance was rendered to the Chambers of Com-merce in Lillington, Winston-Salem, Greensboro, and Asheville in aid-ing tobacco growers served in their respective areas. The work thus far has made only a small dent in the surface. To-bacco is North Carolina's major crop and it is grown in 94 of the State's 100 counties. It will take many years of intensive work with growers before an over-all improvement in preparation and marketing practices will be noticeable, although much improvement on the in-dividual basis is already apparent. This individual progress gives a favorable trend in connection with work done during the past few years. Report for 1950-52 — Markets 65 Cotton The position of cotton production in North Carolina has improved materially during the past biennium and is stronger today than at any time since 1929. This advantage is attributable to (1) the in-tegration of cotton production, in varying ratios, with other crops in a diversified agriculture, (2) higher grade index, (3) improvement in gin service, (4) modern production practices, and (5) more efficient marketing procedures. Indications are that the average plantings will level off at around 750,000 acres. Activities of Division specialists during the past biennium were concentrated primarily on (1) technical assistance to cotton gins and (2) initial marketing practices. The objectives are (1) to sustain the full potential value of seed cotton in the ginning process and (2) to promote the marketing of cotton on the basis of grade, staple and fiber qualities. Projects of this nature are effective in direct ratio to on-the-spot inspection and personal contact. During this biennium, 1,280 gin visits were made for inspection of equipment and operating tech-niques and to plan new facilities and improvements. Each year, the ginners of North Carolina invest in new gin machinery about $2 for every bale ginned. Modern equipment and improved operating tech-niques have reduced rough prep to 1.1 per cent for the 1951 crop. The record low prior to this biennium was 5.0 per cent in 1948. The growing use of laboratory test results by initial consumers of raw cotton, in buying cotton in large lots or for specific end uses, places North Carolina at a disadvantage because of its relatively small crop and the varied conditions under which it is produced. To relieve this disadvantage, a fiber testing laboratory was set up by the Division in 1951, but not in time to release results during the ginning and marketing season. Arrangements have been made to test cotton fibers from approximately 30 gins in 16 principal areas during the 1952 season. Releases will be made at 10-day or two-week intervals and will go to the cotton trade, spinners, and producers requesting them. These tests will include fineness, tensile strength, maturity, and length uniformity. All activities in connection with cotton have entailed close co-op-eration with other agencies concerned with cotton, as well as all raw cotton interest organizations. As previously indicated, work with cotton is largely technical and has necessitated the services of specialists with a modicum of engin-eering resourcefulness. During the last year of this biennium, Divi-sion specialists undertook, as an exploratory project, to provide tech- 66 N. C. Department of Agriculture The Department has encouraged the construction of modern grain storage and handling facilities. Shown here is the new Cargill plant at Wilson. nical assistance to corn millers. The problem with these mills is largely sanitation and the need to meet Pure Food Standards. This program has, of necessity, been limited because it was undertaken without any additional personnel. The demand for this service from the very beginning was more than could be met with the personnel available. It is hoped that necessary personnel can be added not only to take care of the immediate problems of the corn millers but to help expand this and other corn processing industries. Fortunately, quite a bit of basic engineering is applicable to cotton ginning and corn processing. Grain The rapid increase in production of all grains in North Carolina has demanded better marketing practices through harvesting, drying, storing and processing facilities. North Carolina now produces 72 million bushels of corn, 14 mil-lion bushels of oats, 9 million bushels of wheat, 5 million bushels of soybeans, 1.5 million bushels of milo and 1 million bushels of barley. This is approximately 100,000,000 bushels of grain with inadequate storage on and off the farm. The use of hybrid corn and the introduction of new small grain varieties, have increased the yields of grain, without having adequate storage or marketing facilities. Storage alone is not enough. Proper care and conditioning before and during storage can prevent a loss of an estimated ten million bushels of grain annually in North Carolina. Report for 1950-52 — Markets 67 This map shows the distribution of North Carolina's corn acreage (1950 crop) Each dot represents 1,000 acres. Modern elevators and dryers erected for handling off-the-farm storage of grain are listed below: Storage Capacity Drying Capacity Year Bushels Bushels Per Hour 1950-1951 300,000 800 1951-1952 460,000 1,200 Completed this biennium .. 760,000 2,000 Prior to 1950 750,000 3,800 Total completed 1,510,000 5,800 Planned for 1 952- 1953 400,000 2,000 These modern storage and drying facilities represent a step for-ward in keeping quality grain safely over a 12-month period. When the additional needs for storage facilities are met, local manufacturers will be assured of a constant supply of grain to meet their demands. Through a marketing program of this nature, surpluses at harvest season, which always result in a depressed market, can be handled more efficiently. Grading of corn and soybeans for commercial movement has in-creased 100 per cent by truck; 100 per cent by rail; and 400 per cent by boat. A continued increase in this work is certain. Grain grading demonstrations were conducted in all grain-pro-ducing areas of the State with farmers, buyers and processors attending. Plans to promote the use of established Federal grades in grain mar-keting were emphasized. Through the efforts of Division specialists, a substantial saving to North Carolina farmers has resulted from the use of U. S. official hay grades. Hay can now be bought on U. S. grades with certificates at-tached. 68 N. C. Department of Agriculture New equipment aids specialists in grain grading laboratory. Operators of seed-cleaning plants were visited and instructed in the preparation of seed for market so as to improve the quality of the product. Division specialists co-operated with N. C. State College on research and extension problems in grain marketing, as well as with the Pro-duction and Marketing Administration in grading grain for Farm Storage loans. Co-operation was also extended the Department of Food Chemistry on grain problems under the Pure Food Act. The increase in grain facilities and the demand for grain grading by farmers on the grain trade are now greater than the laboratory facilities and grain personnel can handle. It will be necessary to en-large the laboratory and office space as well as add additional grain men. Fruits and Vegetables Improving the distribution of North Carolina's fresh fruits and vegetables and expanding market outlets for these commodities were the major objectives of Division specialists in fruits and vegetables during the 1950-52 biennium. To conduct this work specialists prepared and mailed a special bulletin each year to more than 800 buyers of sound financial standing and known buying capacity. The bulletin contained information on Report for 1950-52 — Markets 69 the volume and moving dates of all fresh fruits and vegetables pro-duced in the State, as well as the location of markets or packing houses. Specific crop letters were also prepared and mailed to these same buyers about ten days before the harvesting date. Additional work along these lines was handled through producer group meetings which were attended by independent buyers and chain-store and processing-plant buyers. Through these meetings, the buyer and seller were brought together and, as a result, the producer often received a greater share of the consumer's dollar for his com-modities. Specialists continued to keep in close contact with chain-store and independent-super-market buyers so that when a surplus of any one commodity existed arrangements could be made for special advertising and sales to help promote the movement of this commodity. Such efforts were of tremendous value to growers of fresh produce in the State and made it possible for many of them to harvest the remainder of their crops and sell on the open market. Special assistance was given commercial peach growers in moving their crop to market. During the 1951-52 fiscal year, these growers were assisted in moving almost 600,000 bushels of peaches through various market channels without a surplus developing at any time dur-ing the season. To do this, it was necessary to plan an effective ad-vertising program. This was done by special announcements over eight different radio stations, full-page advertisements in 16 news-papers and a special mailing of 1,500 circularized letters to buyers, prospective buyers and freezer locker operators. Division specialists also inaugurated a system of marketing apples in the commercial producing area in western North Carolina which proved to be very satisfactory and encouraging to the growers. After meeting with growers to discuss their needs, the specialists were in-strumental in getting a sales manager to establish an office in the main producing area and handle all varieties of apples grown on a com-mercial basis. Further assistance in this program was given through working di-rectly with growers, advising them on the dates to pick, obtaining in-formation as to the daily loadings, assembling small loads to make up trailer or carloads, and supervising and assisting with proper loading. One significant fact resulting from the work with commercial sweet potato producers and auction markets was the consolidation of two auction markets located only six miles apart. When these two markets were first established, growers were driving from one to the other in 70 N. C. Department of Agriculture Inspection of fresh fruits and vegetables for the armed forces during 1950-52 totaled more than 11,000,000 pounds. an effort to get the highest price. With the two markets now combined into one, it is rapidly becoming one of the best sweet potato markets in the State. By keeping a close check on the availability of good seed stock specialists were able to assist sweet potato growers in purchasing con-siderable quantities of disease-free seed stock. During the past fiscal year, for example, more than 5,000 bushels of seed stock practically free from internal cork were purchased. Each purchase of seed stock was carefully graded and supervised by the specialists to insure the grower of getting what he bought. By assisting growers in locating good seed stock, it is felt that the quality of potatoes is greatly im-proved and the grower is receiving a greater return from his labor. Special assistance was also given in getting producers to change from shipping to commission merchants to selling f.o.b., which was found to be the best method of marketing fruits and vegetables. Es-tablishment of the f.o.b. system of sales among the spring lettuce growers in eastern North Carolina proved highly satisfactory. When the f.o.b. system was first established among the lettuce growers in 1950, it operated on a small scale. However, by the spring of 1951, the volume handled through the f.o.b. market had more than doubled. Report for 1950-52 — Markets 71 Aware of the support and interest of this system of marketing, specialists arranged to get one of the State's largest fruit and vegetable buyers to establish an office in the lettuce area and handle the entire crop of these small producers before the 1952 spring lettuce crop was ready for harvest. As the harvesting season became nearer, specialists contacted growers as to their marketing intentions and found that more than three-fourths of them were planning to pack their crop co-operatively and pool their sales through f.o.b. market. Before the end of the season, the demand for North Carolina lettuce was far in excess of the supply, and growers once again felt that they had a most profitable season. Fruit, vegetable and peanut inspection and certification remains an important service furnished by the Division specialists. It is im-portant to note that the inspection program is self-supporting, and is paid for in the form of fees by those who request the service. In view of the fact that inspection is voluntary rather than compulsory, the volume of inspections made is evidence of the importance placed upon it by producers and shippers. The men performing these services are employees of the Division, and are properly trained and licensed under co-operative agreement between the N. C. and U. S. Departments of Agriculture. All inspec-tors are trained and instructed to render services beyond inspection and certification duties. Included are such services as assisting growers and handlers in proper grading, packing, loading, and careful han-dling of the commodities. Greater emphasis is being placed on such services that inspectors may render. During the 1950-51 fiscal year the Division's licensed inspectors cer-tified 16,681 carlots and carlot equivalents of fruits, vegetables, and peanuts. During the 1951-52 fiscal year 19,137 carlots and carlot equi-valents were certified. Of the 35,818 total carlots, peanuts and po-tatoes were the major items certified, with peaches, cabbage, apples, green corn, and lettuce ranking next in importance for certification. During the biennium the Division furnished licensed inspectors at nine produce auction markets for grade determination on which prices were largely based for the produce sold at the auctions. During the 1950-51 year a total of 1,851,229 packages were graded by inspectors at the markets, and for the 1951-52 year 899,419 packages were inspected. Sweet potatoes, peppers, cucumbers, snap beans, and strawberries were the major items inspected, with squash, eggplant and lima beans next in importance. The decline in volume of inspections at the auction markets in the 1951-52 year was due to the unfavorable growing con-ditions for vegetables during the 1952 season. 72 N. C. Department of Agriculture Shipping point inspections are recognized as a valuable service to growers, ship-pers and buyers. F'ive of the Division's specialists who are qualified and authorized to make receiving market inspections of fruits and vegetables, and the federal supervisor of inspections, inspected and certified 448 carlots of fresh fruits and vegetables for North Carolina produce receivers, and 4,759,473 pounds of fresh fruits and vegetables at, or for delivery to, military installations. During the 1951-52 year 402i/ 2 carlots and 6,550,172 pounds of fresh fruits and vegetables were inspected and cer-tified for the same purposes. A large volume of produce inspected for military installations was produced in North Carolina. This service rendered by the Division is very important as a protection to produce handlers against fraudu-lent practices by shippers of produce into the State, as well as furnish-ing a market for a large quantity of North Carolina fruits and vege-tables. The Armed Services require inspection of the produce bought by the Quartermaster Market Center for use at military installations. Milk The dairy industry in North Carolina continued to show definite growth and progress during the 1950-52 biennium. The rapid in-crease in production of fluid milk and the increasing consumer de-mand has created many marketing problems for the dairy farmers. Report for 1950-52 — Markets 73 This is especially true in the peak production season when the supply is in excess of consumer demand. Despite the steady increase in pro-duction of Grade "A". fluid milk each month, North Carolina is still deficit in fluid milk supplies for bottling purposes, except in the peak production months of May, June and July. It is necessary to im-port large quantities of fluid milk from other states in the fall and winter months. The State-wide Milk Marketing Regulations adopted in 1949 by the Commissioner of Agriculture under the Milk Audit Law and Amendments thereto has contributed much toward a more uniform system of milk marketing in the State. Under this Act, the buyers of milk are required to submit monthly reports of all receipts and use of milk and must make uniform settlement to all producers in ac-cordance with the class in which it is sold or used. Marketing personnel have given considerable time and assistance to dairy plants in an effort to effect proper accounting and payment for milk received from milk producers. Audits of plant records have disclosed underpayments to producers in some cases and corrections have been made immediately. Monthly information of the production, sales, prices paid for milk and other data are collected by the Division. Complete information as to the quality of ice cream, butter, cheese and other dairy products manufactured is also collected. This information is compiled and released to the dairy industry and milk producers quarterly. During the peak milk production period, dairy marketing special-ists assisted in the assembly and movement of excess milk from areas of over-production to deficit areas in eastern North Carolina and other parts of the State. In the past, the movement of this milk has been a serious problem, due to the small quantities available from some plants and the long distance to the markets in need of fluid milk. This program has been improved materially, with the establishment of a large producer-owned co-operative plant in North Wilkesboro. This plant is operated as a bulk milk distributor and dairy products manufacturer. The establishment of this plant has assisted greatly in the assembly of milk for redistribution to deficit areas in North Caro-lina and surrounding states. Continuing the informational work of the dairy marketing pro-gram, Division specialists worked with schools, colleges and adult groups. Much of this work was of a promotional nature aimed at in-creasing the use of dairy products. There still exists an important need for further efforts in this program. For example, approximately 62,500,000 half pints of milk were served in the school lunchrooms 74 N. C. Department of Agriculture during the year 1951-52 as compared with 7,722,141 half pints in 1943-44. Based on the average attendance in North Carolina, these figures show that only about one in three school children are drinking half a pint of milk for lunch. A great deal has already been accom-plished in this endeavor; however, there is still a big potential market to be reached. Co-operating with the State Library Commission, Division special-ists developed, upon request, approximately 2,000 bookmarks in sev-eral designs which were used in promoting dairy products. These were used by several libraries and bookmobiles over the State. An additional 20,000 of these bookmarks were requested and will be available shortly for use throughout the State. A simple cookbook was prepared giving recipes suitable for class-room work and for children at home. Several thousand copies of this booklet were prepared and distributed during the 1950-52 bien-nium and 5,000 more are in the process of being assembled. This was done in co-operation with the N. C. Milk Producers Federation. Grade "A" Milk Purchases From Producers By Distributors in North Carolina 1950-51 1951-52 Lbs. Lbs. July 37,150,439 42,301,008 August 36,149,980 41,614,473 September 35,202,110 39,675,934 October 35,668,192 39,334,465 November 35,136,211 36,806,458 December 35,774,562 3
Object Description
Description
Title | Biennial report North Carolina Department of Agriculture |
Contributor | North Carolina. Department of Agriculture. |
Date | 1950; 1951; 1952 |
Subjects |
Agriculture--North Carolina--Periodicals Agricultural statistics Cotton--North Carolina Crops Genealogy Livestock--North Carolina Tobacco--North Carolina |
Place | North Carolina, United States |
Time Period | (1945-1989) Post War/Cold War period |
Description | Imprint varies. |
Publisher | [Raleigh, N.C. :Dept. of Agriculture,1950-1972] |
Agency-Current |
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Physical Characteristics | 12 v. :ill. ;23 cm. |
Collection | Health Sciences Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Type | text |
Language | English |
Format | Reports |
Digital Characteristics-A | 7431 KB; 174 p. |
Digital Collection |
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access, a North Carolina LSTA-funded grant project North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Title Replaced By | North Carolina. Department of Agriculture..Annual report |
Title Replaces | North Carolina. Department of Agriculture..Report of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_edp_biennialreportagriculture19501952.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_edp\images_master\ |
Full Text |
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BIENNIAL REPORT
for 7950=7952
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
L. Y. BALLENTINE, Commissioner
RALEIGH. N. C.
C£3o,k
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Board of Agriculture 8
Personnel 9
Commissioner's Summary 16
Highlights of Board Meetings 19
Accounting Division 24
Chemistry Division 29
Fertilizers, Fertilizer and Liming Materials 29
Commercial Feeds 30
Economic Poisons 31
Linseed Oils 33
Antifreezes 33
Foods and Drugs 34
Oleomargarine 40
Credit Union Division 42
Dairy Division 45
Entomology Division 50
Nursery Inspection 50
White-Fringed Beetle 51
Japanese Beetle 52
Bulb Inspection 54
Apiary Inspection 54
White Pine Blister Rust Control 55
European Corn Borer 56
Phony Peach Disease 56
Dura Stem Borer 56
Markets Division 57
Tobacco 61
O Cotton 65
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