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THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA ENDOWED BY JOHN SPRUNT HILL CLASS OF 1889 C630.6 N8a 19S8/60 UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00033953721 This book must not be taken from the Library building. J Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/biennialrepagric19581960 *<vdh Gasi/dina Biennial Repxvd 1958-1960 BIENNIAL REPORT for 1958-1960 NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE L. Y. BALLENTINE. Commissioner RALEIGH, N. C. 10-60 iViM ABOUT OUR COVER PICTURE Throughout this report there is a recurring theme, which can best be summarized by the term "science in agricul-ture". Both benefits and problems attending the rapid shift of farming from a skilled profession to a highly scien-tific buiness are discussed in the various chapters of this book. Symbolizing the many scientific services of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture so essential to today's farmers is the Soil Testing Laboratory pictured on our cover. The high investment required for modern farming leaves no room for guesswork in farming operations, and only laboratories can provide many of the needed certain-ties. It would be impossible to list the department's labora-tories on a priority-of-importance basis. All contribute significantly to the farm-to-table "assembly line" which now constitutes agriculture. They include seed, fertilizer, feed, insecticide, dairy, grain, cotton, food, diagnostic labora-tories for livestock and poultry, and others. And not all the department's technical services are performed in lab-oratories. Every division of the department renders serv-ice to farmers and North Carolina citizens in technical or highly specialized fields. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Board of Agriculture 4 Personnel : 5 Commissioner's Summary 13 Highlights of Board Meetings 26 Accounting Division 31 Chemistry Division 38 Credit Union Division 47 Dairy Division 49 Entomology Division , 53 Markets Division 58 Museum Division 86 Publications Division 94 Research Stations Division 97 Seed Testing Division 109 Soil Testing Division 112 State Fair Division _. 1 14 Statistics Division 116 Veterinary Division 119 Warehouse Division 128 Weights and Measures Division 131 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE L. Y, Ballentine, Coynmissioner Ex-Officio Chairman J. Atwell Alexander 1 Stony Point W. I. Bissette .._.Grifton Glenn G. Gilmore Julian Hoyle C. Griffin Monroe Claude T. Hall Roxboro George P. Kittrell Corapeake J. Muse McCotter . New Bern Charles F. Phillips Thomasville J. H. Poole West End A. B. Slagle Franklin PERSONNEL of the STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE June 30, 1960 L. Y. Baixentine, Commissioner Administration John L. Reitzel Assistant Commissioner Hazel I. Horner... Stenographer III Barbara J. Medlin Steyiographer II Doris B. Wofford Clerk IV Division of Accounts Grace H. Malloy ..Auditor Gaynell Bullltck... Assistant Cashier-Agriculture Josie W. Douglas Accounting Clerk I Elsie W. Jordan.... Accountant I Mary E. Henthorn .....Accounting Clerk I Sarah C. Jones — Accounting Clerk I Louise W. Howell ..Accounting Clerk II Elizabeth W. Mitchiner Accounting Clerk I Linda A. Rhodes Stenographer II Lena P. Sockell Accounting Clerk I Mary M. Strickland Accounting Clerk HI Lunelle Yeargan ..Cashier Department of Agriculture Publicity and Publications M. Pauline DeCosta ...Public Information Officer HI William E. Gulley Public Information Officer I Joseph A. Hunter Clerk II Yvonne C. Moore Stenographer II Bettye T. Rogers Clerk I Inspection Stanley E. Berkshire Feed. Fertilizer and Insecticide Inspector I George A. Brown, Jr Feed, Fertilizer and Insecticide Inspector I E. H. Cooper Tax Auditor HI Ewell E. Evans ...Tax Auditor II Harvey C. McPhaii Feed, Fertilizer and Insecticide Inspector I James R. Stevens Feed, Fertilizer and Insecticide Inspector II Markets John A. Winfield Director Agriculture Markets William W. Allen Marketing Specialist II Wilbur S. Brannan Marketing Specialist III Ruby P. Britt Stenographer III Janice N. Burke Stenographer II Charles L. Campbell, Jr Marketing Specialist I John H. Cyrus Marketing Specialist HI Jay P. Davis, Jr... Marketing Specialist IV Louise T. Dunn Stenographer HI Charles B. Elks Marketing Specialist II Ollie W. Faison Marketing Specialist IV 6 N. C. Department of Agriculture Cleo M. Gault... Laboratory Technician I Joe B. Gourlay Marketing Specialist III Elmer C. Green Marketing Specialist 111 Thomas E. Green, Sr Marketing Specialist III Evelyn G. Harper Stenographer III Clarence E. Harris, Jr... ._ Marketing Specialist II Wendell P. Hedrick Marketing Specialist IV James F. Hockaday, Jr Marketing Specialist II Julius P. Jenrette Marketing Specialist IV Fred P. Johnson ._._ Marketing Specialist IV Wallace G. Johnson Marketing Specialist II Anna C. Jordan Stenographer II Ethel Y. Kiker Marketing Specialist III Katherine B. Koppen Stenographer III Frances A. Lancaster Stenographer II William E. Lane Marketing Specialist III Staley S. Long, Jr Marketing Specialist II Mable J. Marshall... Stenograi)her II Hugh B. Martin Marketing Specialist IV Neill A. Morrison, Jr 1 Marketing Specialist III Charles G. Murray Marketing Specialist III Hobart W. Myrick Marketing Specialist HI Mary L. Norman Stenographer II Lanelle S. Phillips Accounting Clerk II Melvin J. Pierce Marketing Specialist II Arthur K. Pitzer Marketing Specialist III Phoebe D. Powers Stenographer III H. D. Quessenberry Marketing Specialist IV Joan E. Regal ....Accounting Clerk I B. S. Rich Marketing Specialist IV Walter M. Sawyer Marketing Specialist II Carson W. Sheffield Marketing Specialist IV Beatrice L. Smith Stenographer III Horace A. Smith Marketing Specialist III Robert W. Southerland Marketing Specialist II Annie R. Strickland , Stenographer II Curtis F. Tarleton Marketing Specialist IV Carl H. Tower.. _ ..Marketing Specialist IV Euris R. Vanderford Marketing Specialist II Pauline M. Watkins Typist I Dewey C. Wayne Marketing Specialist IV Dairy C. W. Pegram , Director of Dairy Services Lafayette H. Boykin, Jr Dairy Specialist II Elmo H. Hollomon , Dairy Specialist II Paul R. Jordan, Jr Bacteriologist III W. L. McLeod Dairy Specialist II Robert L. Merritt Laboratory Helper Claude W. Moss Dairy Specialist II Francis Patterson Dairy Specialist III Mary M. Weathers Stenographer II Giles M. Williams Dairy Specialist II Entomology C. H. Brannon State Entomologist Hugh I. Alford, Jr Entomologist II Patsy H. Davis Stenographer II James F. Greene _ Entomologist II J. A. Harris Entomologist III Roy M. Schmarkey _ Entomologist II Jesse F. Sessions Entomologist II D. L. Wray Entomologist III Report for 1958-60 — Personnel 7 Seed Laboratory Willard H. Darst Director of Seed Testing Shirley S. Bowling Seed Analyst I Magdalene G. Brum mitt Seed Analyst III Mahlon B. Dickens Seed Specialist Stella W. Etheredge Seed Analyst II Pearl G. Gray Stenographer II Virginia B. Griffin Seed Analyst I James C. King Seed Specialist Theodora W. King Seed Analyst I Murphy G. McKenzie, Jr Seed Specialist Donald R. Mohorn Seed Specialist Ewald Smith Seed Analyst II Mitdred W. Thomas Seed Analyst II Analytical E. W. Constable State Chemist Henry W. Barnes, Jr. Chemist IV Elizabeth F. Bartholomew Microanalyst Samuel C. Boyd Laboratory Helper Z. B. Bradford Chemist IV Burney A. Britt Chemist II David E. Buffalo Chemist IV James A. Chapman Laboratory Helper J. Whitt Davis.. Feed. Fertilizer and Insecticide Inspector I John J. Dean, Jr Chemist I John J. Filicky Chemist II Evelyn A. Freeman _. Stenographer I Alicegrae F. Ferreli Typist HI Robert L. Freeman..- Food, Drug and Cosmetic Inspector Chas. H. Goodwin, Jr Food, Drug and Cosmetic Inspector Samuel H. Hintox Laboratory Helper Velva E. Hudson Typist III Harold L. Jackson Chemist II Jesse G. Jernigan Chemist II Vera C. Johnson Chemist I Frances H. Ledford Stenographer II H. D. Matheson ._ Chemist II W. P. Matthews Chemist IV Harry A. Miller Chemist VI Priscilla A. Morgan Stenographer II William A. Morgan _. Laboratory Helper Fred P. Nooe Food, Drug and Cosmetic Inspector H. F. Pickering Chemist IV L. M. Nixon Chemist V J. S. Pittard Chemist IV L. B. Rhodes Food Chemist Clyde W. Roberts ...Food, Drug and Cosmetic Inspector Don H. Smith... Laboratory Helper William Sylver, Jr Laboratory Helper Robert N. Tulloch ...Chemist II Muriel M. Weathers... Chemist II Hazel L. Willis Stenographer III Crop Statistics John T. Richardson Administrative Officer Raymond R. Alford, Jr Miscellaneous Duplicating Machine Unit Supervisor—G.S. 4 Mary S. Allen Research Analyst I 8 N. C. Department of Agriculture Louise W. Byrum Research Assistant Joel W. Carroll Stenographer II Ben E, Clayton, Jr. _ Statistician I Charles H. Cross, Jr Duplicating Machine Operator III John S. DeCourcy Analytical Statistician G-S-" Martha F. Early Research Assistant Josephine S. Edwards Research Assistant Terry M. Edwards ._ ... Duplicating Machine Operator II Evelyn L. Finch Vari-Type Operator II Helen K. Frazier : Research Assistant Ida L. King Research Assistant Mary F. Lloyd. __ Vari-Type Operator II Carrie M. Mann Research Assistant Janie H. Murph Research Assistant Robert H. Tilley Statistician—GS-1 Olaf Wakefield Analytical Statistician—GS-JS Harry A. White.... Analytical Statistician—GS-12 Rosa M. Wrede.. ._ Research Assistant Soil Testing Eugene J. Kamprath Director of Soil Testing John 0. Anderson ...Laboratory Helper Lula S. Bell Typist I Elizabeth F. Chabot Stenographer I Carolyn 0. Copeland Chemist I Ruth S. Gardnek Chemist II Arthur Giles ....Laboratory Helper Mary G. Goff Chemist I Carolyn C. Holt... Stenographer II Alice J. Honeyxutt Stenographer II Juanita U. Matthews Laboratory Technician II Gerald D. McCart Agronomist I Alice F. McLamb ..Typist I Elizabeth J. Nipper... Chemist I Dorothy R. Thornton Stenographer III Peggy R. Upchurch ...Stenographer I Charles D. Welch Agronomist II Vetekinary Hal J. Rollins State Veterinarian Josephine A. Allen Stenographer III William A. Andrew Poultry Specialist I John D. Baker Veterinarian III Marvin A. Batchelor Livestock Inspector Charles R. Border Veterinarian III Lawrence E. Bowers Veterinarian III Wilma N. Boykin Laboratory Technician I Patsy E. Britt.. Laboratory Technician II G. I. Bullock _. Livestock, Inspector Rowland H. Butler. . Laboratory Helper Allie W. Carter.. Livestock Inspector Julius B. Cashion Poultry Specialist I Jesse J, Causby Poultry Specialist II Kenneth G. Church Poultry Specialist I William W. Clements Veterinarian II Eugene C. Couch — Poultry Specialist I James H. Clegg Poultry Specialist I Alton L. Corbett Livestock Inspector Report for 1958-60 — Personnel 9 Lilly F. Daughtry Stenographer II Guy E. Dowd Poultry Specialist I W. J. Elkins Poultry Specialist II L. J. Fourie Poultry Specialist III James A. Frazier Poultry Specialist I George D. Fuller Livestock Inspector William B. Griffin Veterinarian II Julian E. Guyton Poultry Specialist I Ralph Hamilton Veterinarian II Elizabeth R. Helms.... Laboratory Technician II Frank Howard, Jr Laboratory Helper Geneva C. Hunt Stenographer II G. W. Ivey .....Poultry Specialist II R. Russell Jeter Veterinarian II Altstin R. Johnson Veterinarian II William H. Justice Veterinary Virologist James D. Kelley Poultry Specialist I Irene K. Kilpatrick Laboratory Technician II Mary L. Kinsaul Laboratory Technician II Betty S. Lambeth ._ Stenographer II Fred D. Long _ Poultry Specialist I Hugh T. McDaniel, Jr Veterinarian II Paul C. Marley.. Poultry Specialist I Barbara W. Matthis Laboratory Technician II Lola S. Mitchell Stenographer II Christine B. Oliver Laboratory Technician III Herbert R. Palmer, Sr Livestock Inspector Peter S. Penland Poultry Specialist I Lucy D. Ponder Laboratory Technician III Othell H. Price Stenographer II Verlin E. Reese Poultry Specialist I James U. Richardson .....Laboratory Helper Terrell B. Ryan Veterinarian III Phil R. Sandidge Poultry Specialist I George C. Smith Laboratory Helper Dixie D. Southard Poultry Specialist I Herbert L. Spellman Clerk I Michael G. Walsh, Jr Veterinarian II Louise D. Waugh Laboratory Technician II Kenneth C. Wilkins Laboratory Helper Theron S. Williams Veterinarian III John R. Woody Poultry Specialist I Auburn L. Wright Poultry Specialist I Thomas F. Zweigart, Jr Director Diagnostic Laboratories Research Stations Cecil D. Thomas ...Director of Research Stations Julia N. Murray Stenographer II George F. Stanley Administrative Assistant of Agriculture J. L. Rea, Jr.... _ Farm Superintendent II Elwood A. Allen Senior Herdsman Herbert W. Allen Farm Foreman II Fenner B. Harris Herdsman I Jacqueline S. Harrison Stenographer I J. M. Carr Farm, Superintendent II Norman E. Callahan Farm Foreman II Elizabeth Floyd Stenographer II Joanne C. Hatton Typist II Chester Kearney Feed and Farm Laborer 10 N. C. Department of Agriculture Alton E. Wood Agriculture Research Assistant IV Clyde Z. McSwain, Jr.. __. _ ..Farm Superintendent II Susan D. Kii.lebrew.___ Stenographer I Robert M. Smith Farm Foreman II Thilbert A. Suggs___. Agriculture Research Assistant IV Randolph Whitley____ Herdsman I Murray R. Whisenhunt Farm Superintendent II Theodore R. Burleson, Jr.... _._ Poultryman II Rufus Curtis _ __ Dairyman James R. Edwards. _ Agriculture Research Supervisor II Bernice H. Harrell Stenographer II Garfield Harris Farm Foreman II William C. Holder Dairyman Dana P. Tugman Farm Superintendent II Ruth S. Gambill Stenographer I Gordon D. Sheets Farm Foreman II Dan L. Taylor Herdsman I Jesse W. Sumner... __ Farm Superintendent II Ernest W. English Poultryman Jacob B. Matthews Dairyman Melvin G. Richert ..._ Dairyman John Sasser, Jr Farm Foreman II B. L. Williams Stenographer II Warren H. Bailey Farm Superintendent II Vester N. Baird Dairyman Samuel J. Childs ...Agriculture Research Supervisor II Vollie A. Coleman Farm Foreman II Henry L. Greer .._. Agriculture Research Assistant II Anne Lentz Stenographer II Clark W. Walker Agriculture Research Supervisor II Opal Woody _ ._ ..Dairyman Furney W. Brittain Farm Superintendent II Julia L. Skinner Typist I Wallace J. Dickens Farm Superintendent II William K. Brock Farm Foreman II Ruth 0. Lane Typist I Weights and Measures C. D. Baucom Superintendent of Weights & Measures John I. Moore Weights and Measures Inspection Supervisor Walter R. Burnette Heavy Duty Scale Inspector I Joyce G. Carter __ Stenographer II Emerson B. Deese, Jr Liquid Fertilizer Specialist Grady F. Hall Weights and Measures Inspector Marion L. Kinlaw, Jr Weights and Measures Inspector Grover R. Kiser Weights and Measures Inspector Rufus A. Malloy Weights and Measures Inspector Jerry L. Morris Heavy Duty Scale Inspector I Ned A. Powell Heavy Duty Scale Inspector II William D. Taylor Weights and Measures Inspector James M. Vestal, Jr : Weights and Measures Inspector Frances A. Wilson __ Stenographer II Dan C. Worley—_ _ Weights and Measures Inspector State Museum H. T. Davis Museum Director Ludie V. Ashe _____ __ Maid Julian W. Johnson Museum Exhibits Designer Ernest R. Jones Janitor-Messenger F. B. Meacham _ Zoologist Report for 1958-60 — Personnel 11 Julia L. Nowell Stenographer II Sara D. Prince ...Clerk I Custodial Robert Harris Stock Clerk I Vernon A. Williams Stock Clerk I Raleigh Farmers Market James A. Graham Manager Virginia P. Johnson Stenographer III Gasoline and Oil Inspection C. D. Bavcom Director of Gasoline and Oil Carey M. Ashley ....Chemist I Milton Barefoot Gasoline and Oil Inspector Maddrey W. Bass Gasoline and Oil Inspector Malver L. Boyette... Gasoline and Oil Inspector Frederick H. Bunn Calibrator Glenn R. Cates Chemist I Lonnie E. Cayton... Calibrator Harvey Clodfelter, Jr Chemist I Jack C. Connolly, II Chemist I Milton C Converse _. Chemist II Joseph Denton Gasoline and Oil Inspector Paul H. Etheridge ...Chemist I J. A. Galloway Gasoline and Oil Inspector Roy B. Hallman Gasoline and Oil Inspector Elliott Harrison Laboratory Helper Hugh F. Hayes Chemist II Horace E. Herman Calibrator Ira G. Holloway Gasoline and Oil Inspector Laura E. Hood Stenographer I Edwin H. Hutchins ....Chemist II William M. Johnson Liquefied Gas Inspector Dorval T. Jones Chemist I Herman L. Jones... ._ Gasoline and Oil Inspector Lucy E. Jordan... Chemist I Richard W. King Gasoline and Oil Inspector Gertrud Lare Accounting Clerk II Curtis R. Lindsay Gasoline and Oil Inspector Robert H. McArver Gasoline and Oil Inspector Harold W. Mohorn Chemist I Robert E. Mullen Chemist I Francis W. Oakes Gasoline and Oil Inspector W. T. O'Briant Gasoline and Oil Inspector Douglas M. Pait Gasoline and Oil Inspector William H. Perry Calibrator Parley B. Rasmussen, Jr Chemist II Clyde W. Reeves ..Gasoline and Oil Inspector James R. Rivers Gasoline and Oil Inspector Milton H. Rowe, Sr Gasoline and Oil Inspector H. L. Shankle Chemist V J. T. Shaw ....Chemist II Dallas C. Shearin Liquefied Gas Engineer Harry W. Shelton ...Chemist I Ray D. Sigmon Gasoline and Oil Inspector Koy S. Smith Gasoline and Oil Inspector David B. Spivey Calibrator Betty P. Strobel ...Stenographer II 12 N. C. Department of Agriculture Ralph G. Thornburg. —Chemist II James E. Turpin Gasoline and Oil Inspector Leon E. Van Brunt Calibrator Betty M. Weathers Chemist I Jimmy L. Woodall . Chemist I Howard L. Woodlief —.Chemist I Mildred B. York _ Stenographer II Cooperative Inspection Service Eldridge C. Price Marketing Specialist III Peggy Y. Smith..... Accounting Clerk II Egg Marketing Act Stuart A. Glover, Jr Marketing Specialist III Henry S. Kennett Marketing Specialist I Sara A. Peele ._ Stenographer II George H. Turner, Jr Marketing Specialist II State Warehouse System Supervision A. B. Fairley _ Warehouse System Superintendent Hazel K. Cobb Clerk II Hallie K. Morrow. Stenographer II Frank C. Person.. Warehouse Examiner Martha E. Swindell Stenographer II Structural Pest Control Commission Harry B. Moore, Jr Entomologist III Naomi B. Casey Stenographer I James T. Spencer Pest Control Inspector I Credit Union Supervision W. V. Didawick —Credit Union Administrator A. S. Bynum Fiscal Examiner II Charles T. Jones Fiscal Examiner II Carl B. Martin Fiscal Examiner II Esther M. Parrish Stenographer II Howard L. Pijahn Fiscal Examiner III Voluntary Meat Inspection Jean W. Stallings Stenographer II BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE By L. Y. Ballentine Commissioner of Agriculture Along with the rest of the nation, North Carolina's agricul-ture has been going through a "technological revolution." This has taken place swiftly, most of it within the past decade, and represents great progress. But many of the problems which inevitably attend progress have come to a head all at once during the past two years. For the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, then, the outstanding characteristic of the 1958-1960 biennium has been a sharp increase in the multiplicity and complexity of technical problems. Farmers and the agencies which serve them have had to cope with many perplexities growing out of practices and materials developed by research in recent years for more efficient agricul-tural production. Although relatively new, such developments have already become necessities if our shrinking farm popula-tion is to feed our growing nation and if our farmers are to keep their heads above water financially. Yet with its many new research techniques and equipment, science itself has been going through something of a "techno-logical revolution." Therefore, today's scientific discoveries fol-low each other so closely that the application of one may be knocked down by another following at its heels. Farming methods or materials which have just recently come into general usage are called into question, or placed under restriction, almost over-night. Technology is responsible, too, for new methods of manufac-turing, selling and applying fertilizers, agricultural chemicals and other materials for farm production. These have presented many new problems during the past biennium in devising regu-latory provisions based on research recommendations, such as time and rate of application, and measures to protect the farmer from deficiencies in the quality or quantity of the products he buys. Another change which has been taking place in recent years, 14 N. C. Department of Agriculture and which has sharply accelerated during this biennium, is the ever closer inter-relationship between agricultural production and its end use. At every stage—from seed variety selection through methods used in planting, cultivation and treatment, to harvesting procedures and preparation for market—farmers must have in view the market demands at the ultimate-consumer level. In fact this view really begins in the industrial and gov-ernment research laboratories. In short, it has been two years of dealing with an increasing number of highly intricate matters. These have called for ex-tremely close coordination of the regulatory, administrative and service programs of the State Department of Agriculture with the work of state, federal and industrial research agencies. Fortunately, the long and fine cooperative relationship between the department and these agencies has made the increasingly exacting requirements for coordination as easy as possible under the circumstances. A typical instance, and one of the most difficult problems confronting farmers and farm agencies during this biennium, was a number of sudden new federal restrictions on pesticide or antibiotic residues in food. The N. C. Department of Agricul-ture has cooperated with the Experiment Station, the Extension Service, other agricultural agencies, and the industries selling to farmers and processing farm products, in an intensive educa-tional program designed to keep the farmer informed of devel-opments and to emphasize the necessity for his exercising the utmost care in the use of these materials. In its regulatory activities, the department has worked closely with research personnel in developing measures which afford the citizens of this state the same assurance of safety in buying foods moving only in intra-state commerce as is afforded by federal requirements for products moving across state lines. We have changed or expanded administrative procedures to meet the new needs, which involved new or increased inspection, equip-ment and staff for new laboratory procedures, and sometimes new interpretations of legal or regulatory measures in the light of new conditions. It has been necessary to make many of these changes and ad-justments at very short notice; but every effort has been put forth to make them in such a way as to work the least possible hardship on farmers or the industries serving them, while afford-ing everyone concerned the full protection of the laws we ad- Report for 1958-60 — Administration 15 minister. This has involved intensive work and study on the part of departmental staff and members of the Board of Agri-culture. It has required long hours of public hearings and dis-cussions at meetings of the Board, and presented many knotty problems for the Board's decision. Often it has meant a careful, step-by-step approach, going only so far at one time as we could act on the basis of somewhat limited current knowledge. Regu-latory measures such as those governing fertilizer-pesticide mix-tures, high-fiber feeds for poultry and a number of new dairy products, which have been adopted with specific time limits on their effective period so that review at relatively short intervals would be mandatory. Continuing, of course, has been the department's increasing emphasis on marketing both traditional and new lines of agri-cultural production. We have also stepped up emphasis on qual-ity as well as volume of production. Coordinated educational programs have increased the use of services offered by the department to help farmers cut produc-tion costs and operate more efficiently. A notable example is the "Operation Soil Test" conducted in 30 of the state's counties dur-ing the past two years, described in the Soil Testing Division chapter of this report. This movement affords an inspiring illustration of what can be achieved when agricultural and busi-ness leaders join hands at the local or county level. It reflects a growing recognition among all segments of the state's com-munities that agriculture is our most basic industry and that it offers the greatest potential for economic expansion. There have been many such cooperative programs in counties or areas to encourage efficient production of high-quality agricultural com-modities and to provide marketing or processing industries to utilize the farm production. North Carolina's burgeoning agriculture, the increasing di-versity of its farm production, and the continuing cost-price squeeze has enhanced the farmer's need for all the great variety of service and regulatory programs of this department. And the department's many responsibilities for protecting both farm and non-farm users of goods and services have also become more complicated by reason of rapid technological developments in both the ingredients and sales patterns for consumer products. It cannot be denied that this biennium has been two years of strain on farmers, agricultural agencies and agricultural indus-tries. But there has been general recognition that these were 16 N. C. Department of Agriculture the problems of progress, and there has been a wonderful spirit of cooperation among those concerned in working out solutions. Nevertheless, I should not fail to point out that meeting the increased demands and emergencies during this biennium has meant stretching the human and physical resources of the De-partment of Agriculture beyond what is reasonable or even prac-tical. And we are not over the hump. Both regular and emer-gency demands on the department can be expected to increase in volume and importance for some time to come. Certainly we can expect new problems in the biennium ahead, added to those not yet solved. Some will need handling by legis-lative amendment ; some will necessitate regulatory action by the Board of Agriculture; some will demand changed or expanded administrative procedures ; and some will require action at all three of these levels. But I have every confidence that all con-cerned will tackle the problems in the spirit of progress they represent. Legislation Several new or amended laws enacted by the 1959 General Assembly have greatly assisted us in carrying out our responsi-bilities. Already, however, some of these require further amend-ment to meet the conditions of these swiftly moving times. Other new legislation is being requested to effect adequate enforcement of responsibilities already placed in this department or to meet new needs and demands which North Carolina citizens have a right to expect from their Department of Agriculture. I will not in this section attempt to discuss all the legislation pertaining to the department enacted in 1959 or to be requested in 1961. Many of these are reported by the various divisions in other chapters of this book. However a few basic measures should be mentioned here. New types of fertilizers, involving new methods of selling and applying them, required changes in the fertilizer laws. Amend-ments were enacted by the 1959 General Assembly to afford the farmer fuller protection under the current pattern of fertilizer manufacture and distribution. Also, to facilitate inspection and other enforcement measures, the fertilizer law was amended to make mandatory the "reporting system" for paying inspection taxes which had been legal on a voluntary basis since 1949. An-other amendment removed from restrictions of the official ferti-lizer grade list packages of fertilizer weighing less than 25 Report for 1958-60 — Administration 17 pounds. All of these amendments have greatly facilitated our enforcement work. However, in administering them it has been found that there should be minor amendments to some other sec-tions of the law to clarify them or remove ambiguities resulting from the major amendments in 1959. The feed law was also amended in 1959 to afford much needed protection to the farmer in the growing trend toward "custom-mixed" or bulk deliveries of feeds. In this law, too, the pre-viously voluntary "reporting system" was made mandatory. And here, too, administrative experience has indicated the need for some clarifying amendments to other sections of the law. In the case of both laws the need for further amendment could not have been clearly foreseen; only the details of administration could reveal the gaps or ambiguities. But with the background of two year's administrative experience, amendments can now be worked out which we believe will fully coordinate each law and remove doubtful language, within the present framework of these laws. Of course, both the feed and fertilizer industries are undergoing rapid technological changes and developments which undoubtedly will, from time to time, necessitate new or amended sections in the laws governing them. New developments require extensive revision of the North Carolina Seed Law, which are discussed in more detail in the Seed Testing Division chapter of this report. Problems con-nected with fertilizer-insecticide mixtures, a practice which many farmers insist is necessary to cut production costs, have been thrashed out in extensive public hearings before the Board of Agriculture. Temporary regulations have been adopted on the basis of current knowledge. It is hoped that the remaining difficulties can be ironed out through regulation, but it is possible that some additional legislation will be needed. One of our most important legislative requests is for a law to make mandatory the state inspection of meat and poultry, and an appropriation of funds to carry out its provisions. The administration of this department and members of the State Board of Agriculture believe they would be derelict in their duty if they failed to make this request and emphasize its importance. Under federal law such inspection is mandatory for meat and poultry products crossing state lines, and in-spection cost is paid for out of federal funds. This gives the federally inspected plants the advantage of free inspection along with the sales advantage that comes from being able to offer 18 N. C. Department of Agriculture inspected products. Under state voluntary inspection laws, in-spection costs must be borne by the processing plants. There-fore, the state inspected plants are at a competitive disadvantage with federally inspected plants ; and many small plants can stay in business only by selling inferior products at reduced prices. Whether state or federal, the inspection service is for the benefit of the public. Therefore, plants engaged only in intrastate busi-ness should not be required to pay for their inspection any more than the federally inspected plants. Most important of all, North Carolina consumers of meat and meat products are entitled to the health protection that mandatory inspection would afford. Activities Of The Administrative Offices The previously cited need for ever closer coordination between agricultural agencies, both government and private, requires the Commissioner and other administrators of the Department of Agriculture to serve with numerous committees or groups at state, interstate and federal levels. Currently the Commissioner of Agriculture for North Carolina is a member of the Executive Committee and chairman of the Transportation Committee of the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture; a member of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Advisory Com-mittee on Cooperative work under the Agricultural Marketing Act with the State Departments of Agriculture. In the state he is a member of the Board of Directors of the Agricultural Foundation of North Carolina State College, a member of the Cotton Promotion Committee, the N. C. Board of Farm Organizations and Agencies, and chairman of the North Carolina Committee on Migrant Labor. Since its formation in 1958 he has been vice-chairman of the Governor's Advisory Farm Committee, and was elected chairman shortly after the close of this biennium. He is also a member of the Pesticide Residue Committee formed early in 1960, comprising state and federal regulatory and research agencies, farm organizations, and industries directly concerned with this problem. By legislation he is chairman of the State Board of Agricul-ture, the State Board of Gasoline and Oil Inspection, and the Board of Directors of the North Carolina Agricultural Hall of Fame; a member of the North Carolina Milk Commission, the Crop Seed Improvement Board and the Atomic Energy Advisory Committee. Report for 1958-60 — Administration 19 Certain laws also provide for participation of department personnel in the work of other state agencies. Under such a law, Dr. W. H. Darst, head of the department's Seed Testing Divi-sion is a member of the Crop Seed Improvement Board. The Structural Pest Commission law provides for the appoint-ment of a member of the department's Entomology Division staff and another member representing the department at large. Since its organization in 1955, Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture John L. Reitzel has been the appointee representing the depart-ment at large, and since July 19, 1959, he has been secretary to the Commission. In 1955 Dr. D. L. Wray was appointed to rep-resent the department's Entomology Division on the commission, and served as its secretary until July, 1958. On the expiration of his term of office in July, 1959, J. A. Harris was appointed as the divisions' representative. The Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture also represents the department on the Animal Nutrition Committee at N. C. State College. All of these, and many other cooperative activities on the part of the administrative staff, are essential to the effectiveness of this department in carrying out its responsibilities. Work assigned to the various divisions of this department is described in chapters of this report prepared by division heads. However, activities under several laws placed under the admin-istration of the Commissioner of Agriculture are not covered in other chapters. It is proper, therefore, that they should be re-ported here. One such law provides for the licensing and regulation of ren-dering plants operating in this state. Unlike most laws adminis-tered by this department, authority to adopt regulations is not placed with the Board of Agriculture, but with the Commissioner of Agriculture acting with the advice of a rendering plant inspec-tion committee. Composition of the committee is specified by law to be "one member who shall be designated by the Commis-sioner of Agriculture and who shall be an employee of the De-partment of Agriculture, one member who shall be designated by the State Board of Health, and one member who shall be desig-nated by the Director of the North Carolina Division of the Southeastern Renders Association." Dr. H. J. Rollins, State Veterinarian, has been the Department of Agriculture member 20 N. C. Department of Agriculture designated to serve on this committee since it was organized in 1953. Other members are Dr. Martin P. Hines, veterinarian with the N. C. Department of Health, and Joe Suggs of Rocky Mount, representing the Southeastern Renderers Association. There are now 14 rendering plants licensed to operate in the state. All of these are inspected by members of the committee at least once, some several times, each year to ensure continued compliance with the law and regulations. A law enacted in 1949 providing for supervision of all agri-cultural fairs in the state is administered directly by the Com-missioner of Agriculture because there are no funds appropriat-ed for its enforcement and the inspection work is "farmed out" among qualified department personnel. This arrangement has worked out very well, so far, and the law has done much to elimi-nate abuse of the name "fair" by undesirable fly-by-night car-nivals and tent shows. Under the law, only bona fide agricul-tural and industrial expositions may use the name "fair", and those classified as commercial (charging admission or operating-traveling shows or games) must be licensed by the Commissioner of Agriculture. To obtain such license, the fairs must meet min-imum standards adopted by the Board of Agriculture. In 1958, there were 76 fairs licensed in the state. All of these were in-spected, and only one failed to meet the requirements. Seventy-four were licensed in 1959, of which 70 were inspected. One failed to meet the requirements that year, and three were not held. Under a law enacted in 1953 to establish an Agricultural Hall of Fame, plans have been progressing slowly but steadily and as this biennium draws to a close the building of a suitable shrine in the Agriculture Building has gone beyond the planning stage. As this report goes to press work is under way to remodel and decorate a first-floor room as a fitting memorial to present and future members chosen for this high honor. The Board of Directors will also select for display in the Hall of Fame mem-orabilia having particular significance with respect to the state's agricultural history. The number of farm commodity groups availing themselves of legislation permitting voluntary self-help assessments con-tinues to increase. Any such assessment must be approved by a two-thirds majority in a referendum authorized by the State Report for 1958-60 — Administration 21 Board of Agriculture to be held by the association it certifies to be fairly representative of the growers of the commodity to be assessed. The assessments are for the purpose of raising funds to promote the use and sale of the commodities assessed. A provision of the law allows an association the privilege of requesting the Commissioner of Agriculture to collect the assess-ments for it, and a number of associations have chosen this method. Collections are made by the Commissioner and handled through the department's Accounts Division. Total assessment funds collected and turned over to the authorized associations during this biennium were as follows : North Carolina Peanut Growers Association $113,689.40 North Carolina Cotton Promotion Association _ 52,600.65 North Carolina's Cattlemen's Association 50,213.23 North Carolina Peach Growers Society, Inc., (1 year) 3,009.25 N. C. Poultry Council, Inc. (initiated June 7, 1960) 2,186.21 The assessments have proved an effective tool in the promo-tional work of these and other commodity associations, and many of them have been overwhelmingly approved in several referen-dums. The law provides that continuance of assessments must be approved by a two-thirds majority in referendums held at three-year intervals. One of the state's most important self-assessment programs is that popularly known as "Nickels For Know-How". It derived this nickname from the fact that the assessment is five cents a ton on all commercial feed and fertilizer purchased by the farm-ers of this state, and the funds are used to supplement agricul-tural research. Since enabling legislation was enacted in 1951 the farmers of this state have enthusiastically endorsed this vol-untary levy in three referendums. The law provides that the referendums shall be conducted jointly by the governing boards of the North Carolina Farm Bureau Federation, the North Caro-lina State Grange and the North Carolina Agricultural Founda-tion, Inc., with the approval of the State Board of Agriculture. It also stipulates that the assessment shall be collected by the Commissioner of Agriculture along with feed and fertilizer in- 22 N. C. Department of Agriculture spection taxes and remitted by him to the North Carolina Agri-cultural Foundation. The Foundation, in turn, allots the funds where needed to supplement or support needed agricultural research and dissemination of research findings. During this biennium "Nickels For Know-How" collected and turned over to the Foundation totaled $318,103.82. It is noteworthy that in the eight years since this program was initiated, the "nickels" col-lected total $1,274,649 and they have done much to help bring our farmers the "know-how" essential for their adjustment to the "technological revolution." Personnel Changes In September, 1958, Elwood Mintz was appointed head of the department's Publications Division, a post left vacant by the death of Blackburn W. Johnson on July 3, 1958. Mr. Mintz brought to this position an excellent background of first-hand farming knowledge and a number of years' experience in agri-cultural publications with the N. C. Agricultural Extension Service. However, he resigned in October, 1959, to accept a position as director of public relations for a private concern. In January, 1960, Mrs. M. Pauline DeCosta was appointed to succeed Mr. Mintz as head of the Publications Division. She had held the position of assistant head of that division since 1948, and was well qualified for this promotion by reason of both train-ing and on-the-job experience. She was most fortunate in ob-taining the services of William E. Gulley to fill the post of as-sistant. He is a graduate of the University of North Carolina with an A.B. in journalism, and came to the Department of Agri-culture from the State Advertising Division of the N. C. Depart-ment of Conservation and Development where he had worked for four years as a public information officer. Prior to that he had been for six years a production supervisor at the University of North Carolina Communications Center in Chapel Hill. Near the end of this biennium Mrs. Doris B. Wofford, who had been my secretary since 1949, gave notice that she was leaving this position to be married in mid-August. In her nearly 12 years with the department she had not only shown excep-tional ability in this important key position, but had endeared herself to co-workers and to hundreds of people who have had occasion to visit the Commissioner's office during this time. Miss Carolyn Harmon, of Lincolnton, has been appointed to fill Report for 1958-60 — Administration 23 this position. She comes to the department with both the train-ing and personality to uphold the high standards set by Mrs. Wofford. She is a graduate of Appalachian State Teachers Col-lege with a B.S. degree in business education. Her experience includes four years of teaching business administration in public schools of Lincoln and Forsyth Counties. In the spring of 1960 the department lost by death a veteran member of its technical staff who had made a fine contribution to the state's livestock industry. Linville V. Amburgey, who died on April 26, had been microscopist in the department's feed laboratory for 22 years. The first microscopist employed by the department, and the only person to hold that position up to the time of his death, he was a trail-blazer and pioneer in his field of technology in feed control work. He had long been nationally recognized as one of the very top men in this field. Carrying on this phase of the department's feed analysis work is Mrs. Eliza-beth F. Bartholomew, who had trained under Mr. Amburgey for several years prior to his death. Several members of the department's staff received outstand-ing honors during this biennium. In June, 1959, North Caro-lina State College conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Science upon W. H. Darst, head of the department's Seed Test-ing Division. This degree was awarded, the citation said in part, "because of Mr. Darst's 39 years of devoted service and notable accomplishments in the field of agriculture." Dr. Darst can also take a share of pride in another award. On July 18, 1960, Miss Susie D. Allen, for many years his assist-ant, received the annual award conferred by the North Carolina Seedsmen's Association "for outstanding service." This honor has added significance by showing that the lustre of Miss Allen's "outstanding service" to agriculture had not dimmed after seven years of retirement. Dr. H. J. Rollins, State Veterinarian, was named Honor Vet-erinarian of the Year by the North Carolina State Veterinary Medical Association at its annual meeting in Asheville on June 22, 1960. He received a plaque inscribed : "For years of faithful and distinguished service to this association and to the progress of veterinary medicine." The department takes great pride in these honors conferred upon members of its staff, past and present. They are all richly deserved and mark many years of dedicated devotion to duty. 24 N. C. Department of Agriculture The department can well be proud also of the fine service ren-dered by its personnel as a whole. As stated previously, this has been a biennium of stretching all the department's resources and in many instances its human resources have been stretched the farthest. Certainly the administration of the department and the people of North Carolina owe a debt of gratitude to many staff members who have voluntarily and willingly given every ounce of their energies to meeting the demands. State Board of Agriculture North Carolina is most fortunate in its Board of Agriculture, the regulatory and policy making body for the Department of Agriculture. Its membership currently, and by long tradition, represents the finest kind of intelligent agricultural leadership and dedicated public service. The Board consists of 10 members appointed by the Governor for six-year terms of office. However, the law provides for staggered terms, so that not all expire at one time, and requires that the members shall be active farmers, representing the major sections and types of agriculture in the state. The increasing technical complications during this biennium have, of course, placed commensurately heavier burdens upon the Board. Members have given without stint of their time and talents to the business of the Board, not only in formal sessions but in travel and other activities to further the interests of the department and North Carolina agriculture. These are all busy farmers and businessmen. Except for a very nominal pay for days actually in session or traveling on business for the Board, their only compensation is the knowledge that they are serving their state. Naturally, these are the kind of men called upon for numerous non-paid public services and they perform many such civic services. Yet with all of the de-mands on their time, they are ever ready to make personal sacri-fices to carry out their responsibilities as members of the Board of Agriculture. For example, members recently made a tour of the 16 Research Stations administered by this department. .The location of these stations all over the state meant three weeks of traveling to visit and study the facilities and programs of the stations. To be effective, the tour had to be scheduled during the summer months, Report for 1958-60 — Administration 25 a time when these farmer-members were in their busiest season ; yet nearly all participated and several made the entire tour. This is typical of the conscientious attitude of Board members toward the duties of their office. Beginning on the following page is a summary of matters brought before the Board in sessions totaling 12 days during this biennium. This gives some idea of the duties and responsibilities of this truly "working" Board. HIGHLIGHTS OF BOARD MEETINGS 1958-60 Biennium August 12, 1958 Raleigh High Fiber Feed For Poultry Chemical Meat Tenderizers October 13, 1958 Raleigh Pub. Div. Head Appointment Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Glenn G. Gilmore, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kit-trell, J. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle. Held public hearing, heard committees recommendations and adopted temporary regulations governing high fiber feed for pullets and young turkey hens. Held public hearing, heard committee's recommendations and deferred action on permitting use of chemical meat tenderizers by meat processors. Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Glenn G. Gil-more, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kittrell, J. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle. Approved appointment of Elwood Mintz as head of Pub-lications Division, a position left vacant by the death of Blackburn W. Johnson. Appointment of Approved appointment of Mrs. Pauline DeCosta as secre- Secretary to Bd. tarv to the Board. Lecithin in Malted Milk Pressurized Cream Bulk deliveries of Feeds Operation of Sweetpotato Warehouses March 9, 1959 Raleigh Whipped Cream in Pressurized Cans Mobile Soft Ice Cream Units Kight-of-way Easement For Electricity Soybean Cyst Nematode Held public hearing and amended regulations to permit addition of lecithin to malted milk. Continued discussion of regulations to govern pressurized cream in cans and deferred action for further study. Continued discussion from previous meeting on regulatory problems with bulk deliveries of feeds and deferred action pending further study of needed regulatory provisions. Adopted regulations governing sweet potato warehouses. Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kittrell, J. Muse McCot-er, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle. Held public hearing on whipped cream in pressurized con-tainers and deferred action after appointing a committee to make recommendations at the next meeting. Held public hearing and adopted regulations governing operation of mobile frozen dessert manufacturing units. Approved right-of-way easement to Albemarle Electric Membership Corporation to bring electric service to swine diagnostic laboratory at Edenton. Adopted regulations revising regulated areas under the soybean cyst nematode quarantine. Appropriation Authorized committee from board to petition the legis- Control tChWeed lature for appropriation for witchweed control program. Swine importation Held public hearing and amended regulations governing ia?es M Dates importation of swine into state, and governing dates of sales at public livestock markets. Report for 1958-60 — Administration 27 May 25, 1959 Raleigh Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Glenn G. Gilmore, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kit-trell, J. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle. storage of Amended warehouse regulations raising from 50 to 100 Lespedeza Seed ^e maximum number of bags of lespedeza seed on which a warehouse receipt may be issued. State Fail- Audit Report Received report from Department of State Auditor of audit for the North Carolina State Fair for the calendar year 1958. State Fair Man-ager Appointed Re-appointed Dr. J. S. Dorton to serve as manager of the North Carolina State Fair for another year. Cucumber Sizes Held public hearing and amended weights and measures regulation dealing with cucumber size standards and measures to permit further separation of sizes, after pur-chase by standard sizes. High Fiber Feed For Poultry Postponed action on a request for permission to change labeling high fiber pullet feed until these temporary regu-lations could be reviewed in a public hearing before their expiration date. Non-protein Referred request to increase non-protein nitrogen content Nitrogen in Feed jn daj[ry Ieeri supplement to Nutritional Committee at State College for recommendations. Butterfat Re-quirements For Cream Held public hearing, heard committee's recommendations and adopted regulations for fluid whipping cream, aerated cream and sterilized cream, single cream, sour cream, whipping and whipped cream, half-and-half cream and the display and advertsiing of non-dairy products. A further study of regulations for 18% butterfat whipped and steril-ized cream was recommended. May 26, 1959 Raleigh Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Glenn G. Gil-more, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kittrell, J. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole. Fertilizer Grade List Held public hearing and adopted official fertilizer grade list for fiscal year 1959-60. Insecticide- Fertilizer Mix Repealed section of regulations permitting mixture of cer-tain insecticides in fertilizer. Labeling Liquid Fertilizer Adopted regulation requiring labeling of liquid fertilizer. Nitrogen Solutions Adopted list of nitrogen solutions permitted for registra-tion and sale. 80 Pound Fertilizer Bag Proposal that 80 lb. fertilizer bag be added to bag weights list was defeated. Warehouse Loan August 10, 1959 Raleigh Approved a loan from the Warehouse Fund in the amount of $40,000 to Sampson Cotton Warehouse, Clinton, for con-struction of additional warehouse space. Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kittrell, J. Muse McCot-ter, Charles F. Phillips, A. B. Slagle. 28 N. C. Department of Agriculture Peanut Belt Approved exchange of lands along one boundary of the Bounda? Statl0n Peanut Belt Research Station to straighten property line. Mountain Research Approved acquisition of small parcel of land to accommo-station Land jjate a kuri ey tobacco barn at the Mountain Research Sta-tion. whipped and Heard report of committee on 18-percent butterfat whipped Sterilized Cream cream an(j sterilized cream and deferred action. High Fiber Poultry Feed High Urea Feed Supplement Held public hearing to review temporary regulations gov-erning high-fiber poultry feed and voted that they be con-tinued in effect until September 1, 1960. Also amended label-ing provisions to clarify purpose of feed. Refused permission to manufacture to sell to farmers feed supplement with higher urea content than is permitted in mixed feeds. Egg Referendum October 12, 1959 Raleigh Approved the North Carolina Poultry Council as agent to hold referendum among egg producers on question of as-sessment to raise funds for promotional purposes. Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Glenn G. Gil-more, Hoyle C. Griffin, George P. Kittrell, J. Muse McCot-ter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle. Re-appointed Oath of office administered by Judge R. Hunt Parker to ?°^d n^th m nf rs Mr. Griffin, Mr. Kittrell and Mr. Phillips, re-appointed to the Board of Agriculture for new six-year terms. Take Oath of Office Cotton Referendum Authorized the North Carolina Cotton Promotion Associa-tion, Inc. to hold a referendum among cotton growers on the question of continuing the assessment for promoting the use and sale of this crop. Departmental Audit Received from Mrs. Grace Malloy, head of the Accounts Division, report on audit of the North Carolina Depart-ment of Agriculture for the year ended June 30, 1958, pre-pared by the Department of State Auditor, and a financial report for the department for the year ended June 30, 1959. Lespedeza Seed Regulations Held public hearing on a proposal to relax seed regulations to permit the sale of a "No. 2" lespedeza seed. Appointed a committee to study this matter and make recommenda-tions to the Board. January 4, I960 Raleigh Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kittrell, J. Muse McCot-ter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle. Swine Diagnostic Lab Telephone Right-of-Way Approved granting of right-of-way easement to Norfolk and Carolina Telephone and Telegraph Company at Edenton Swine Diagnostic Laboratory. Warehouse Loan Approved loan from Warehouse Fund of $75,000 to Fred Webb, Inc. of Greenville for construction of additional grain storage. insecticide Fer- Held public hearing and approved regulation permitting tihzer Mixtures s}x graaes f fertilizers and four insecticides for mixtures. 'Nickels for Know- Authorized N. C. Agricultural Foundation, N. C. Farm Bu- How" Referen- reau Federation and N. C. State Grange to hold a referen-dum among the state's farmers on the question of continu- Report for 1958-60 — Administration 29 Lespedeza Seed Regulations Urea in Feed Supplement Capital Improve-ment Budget ing the assessment of five cents per ton on feed and ferti-lizer to provide funds for supplementing agricultural re-search. Heard report from committee on study of "No. 2" lespedeza seed regulations and violation control. Approved increas-ed enforcement, investigation of licensing seed cleaners and recommended continued study of the situation by the committee. Heard proposal to raise maximum percentage of urea in feed supplements, deferred action pending a public hear-ing. Discussed and approved capital improvements budget re-quests for the Department of Agriculture for the 1961-1963 biennium. Publications Head Approved promotion of Mrs. M. Pauline DeCosta to position Appointment of head of Publications Division, filling the vacancy left by the resignation of Elwood Mintz. January 13, I960 Raleigh Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kittrell, J. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole. Additional Fert- Approved addition of four grades of fertilizers to list al-cide Mixtures ready approved for mixture with insecticides, and adopted regulations governing insecticide-fertilizer mixtures. Peach Referen-dum Approved North Carolina Mutual Peach Growers Society, Inc., as authorized agency to hold referendum among peach growers on question of assessment for promotional pur-poses. March 7, I960 Raleigh Budget Requests Grower-Handlers Contract Regu-lations June I, I960 Raleigh Fertilizer Grade List Other Fertilizer Regulations Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kittrell, J. Muse McCotter, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole. Heard heads of divisions of Department explain proposed budget requests for 1961-1963 biennium. Approved budget. Held public hearing and amended regulations to require certain provisions in all contracts between growers and handlers of farm products. Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Glenn G. Gil-more, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kittrell, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole, A. B. Slagle. Held public hearing and adopted official fertilizer grade list for fiscal year 1960-61. Considered and took action on other fertilizer regulations in open hearing as follows: 1. Amended labeling requirements for "Fish Pond Ferti-lizer." 2. Discussed problem of proper labeling of fertilizer containing urea-formaldehyde. Deferred action. 3. Reviewed regulations governing fertilizer-insecticide mixtures. Deferred action until Experiment Station could make recommendations on the basis of research under way and publish its annual Pesticide Manual in November. 30 N. C. Department of Agriculture Plant Pest Quarantines Placed an expiration date of December 1, 1960, on regula-tions in effect for such mixtures, subject to review in pub-lic hearing before that date. Revised regulated areas under quarantine for witchweed, soybean cyst nematode, white fringed beetle and sweet potato weevil. June 2, I960 Raleigh Warehouse Loans Grain Storage Facilities Apple Growers Referendum State Pair Audit State Fair Paving Appointment of State Fair Manager Research Stations Tour Present: J. Atwell Alexander, W. I. Bissette, Glenn G. Gil-more, Hoyle C. Griffin, Claude T. Hall, George P. Kittrell, Charles F. Phillips, J. H. Poole. Approved loans from Warehouse Fund as follows: To King Brothers Farm Center, Ayden, for additional grain storage facilities, $35,000; to House Milling Co., Newton Grove, for additional grain storage bins, $5,000. Heard report from O. W. Faison, NCDA grain marketing specialist, on state's 10-year progress in grain storage ex-pansion and need for still further increases. Approved request from North Carolina Apple Growers As-sociation for authorization to hold a referendum on the question of an assessment on commercial apple growers to promote the use and sale of North Carolina apples. Received and discussed report on audit of the North Caro-lina State Fair for the calendar year 1959, prepared by the Department of State Auditor. Heard report from Dr. J. S. Dorton, State Fair Manager, on losses in 1959 by reason of extra expenses incurred in dealing with problem of mud during the entire Fair Week. Recommended use of Permanent Improvement funds on hand to pave all fairground walkways and put gravel on parking lots before the 1960 State Fair. Commended Dr. J. S. Dorton for splendid service under adverse conditions, and approved his re-appointment as Fair Manager for the ensuing year. Approved a tentative schedule for Board members to visit the 16 Research Stations operated by the Department of Agriculture. ACCOUNTS Grace H. M alloy Auditor This division serves as the central fiscal and personnel divi-sion for the Department proper and for sixteen other special and General Fund programs. Responsibilities of this division include : acceptance of receipts, including the collection of taxes and fees and the collection of assessments for six agricultural promotional organizations and foundations, the disbursement of funds, budget maintenance and control, procurement, and per-sonnel affairs. Financial reports of the department and the various divisions. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Code 28721 STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS July 1. 1958-June 30. 11)60 Summary by Purposes 19.19-60 1958-59 I. Administration $ 44,845.26 $ 41,602.77 Accounting Office 53,310.40 51,497.84 Publicity & Publications 38,732.34 37,052.47 II. Inspection 70,307.56 62,032.59 III. Markets ._ 364,906.49 349,037.00 IV. Dairy ... 67,056.55 62,357.86 V. Entomology 80,262.92 80,151.77 VI. Seed Laboratory ___ 88,045.73 84,586.42 VII. Analytical 1 238,875.80 228,340.45 VIII. Crop Statistics 158,800.29 152,700.87 IX. Soil Testing ._ 103,957.45 98,444.74 X. Veterinary ...._ 438,047.97 368,361.15 XI. Research Stations 561,419.95 493,740.56 XIII. Weights & Measures 98,149.07 90,516.54 XIV. State Museum 35,209.05 32,388.85 XV. Custodial 18,436.48 18,180.44 XVI. Miscellaneous 126,269.50 122,102.98 XVII. Farmers Market 30,439.27 29,951.09 XVIII. Merit Salary Increments XIX. Reserves Total Expenditures $2,617,072.08 $2,403,046.39 32 N. C. Department of Agriculture Summary by Objects 19-59-60 1958-59 11. Salaries and Wages . $1,751,424.85 $1,636,924.21 12. Supplies and Materials ..:_.. 176,771.91 147,069.10 13. Postage, Tel., Tel., and Express 39.550.68 36,001.24 14. Travel Expense ._ 199,503.85 188.835.74 15. Printing and Binding 30,477.42 29,703.19 16. Motor Vehicle Operation . 16,629.06 15,696.09 17. Light, Power and Water 12,156.57 10,596.48 18. Repairs and Alterations __ 41,531.92 16,812.95 19. General Expense 111,525.48 116,207.49 22. Insurance and Bonding .. 5,085.17 3,803.88 23. Equipment _.._ 112,996.35 54,789.91 32. Additions and Betterments 35,163.68 33. Stores for Resale 15,407.52 19,711.38 Contribution to Retirement System and Social Security Coverage 104,011.30 91,731.05 Reserves Merit Salary Increments ___ Total Expenditures $2,617,072.08 $2,403,046.39 Less Transfer from RMA 52,033.86 60,034.79 Less Transfer from AMA 2,583.85 2,970.37 Less Transfer from USDA Cooperative Agreement _ 3,232.96 2,140.82 Less Research Station Perquisites 11,985.00 11,376.66 Less Transfer from Cooperative Inspection Service, Code 28731 3,726.00 3,726.00 Less Transfer from State Warehouse System, Code 28727 3,283.00 3,283.00 Less Peanut Handler's Licenses 1,890.00 1,820.00 Less Sale of Equipment 4,895.09 Less Raleigh Farmer's Market 13,880.19 11,845.49 Less Transfer from N. C. State College 331.00 Total $2,519,231.13 $2,305,849.26 CONDITIONS OF FUNDS Treasurer's Cash—June 30 $ 31,678.02 $ 127,214.19 Investments in Bonds and Premiums on Bonds 103,874.98 103,874.98 Total Credit Balance June 30_. __ ...$ 135,553.00 $ 231,089.17 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Code 28721 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 1959-60 1958-59 Fertilizer Tax - $ 384,762.63 $ 427,926.26 Cottonseed Meal - 179.39 1,351.50 Feed Tax - _ 382,443.93 392,048.81 Report for 1958-60 — Accounts 33 1959-60 1958-59 Seed Licenses _._ 29,736.00 30,059.00 Condimental Feed - 9,065.00 9,480.00 Serum 17,616.72 19,191.76 Costs __ 12,166.30 11,783.13 Linseed Oil 294.44 591.32 Bleached Flour 6.090.00 7,395.00 Bottling Plants „_ 1,410.00 1,460.00 Ice Cream 3,560.00 2,430.00 Insecticides 36,757.00 32,850.00 Research Stations 173,834.68 173,494.24 Bakeries _. 2,670.00 2,670.00 Chicken Tests -... 75,160.06 73,061.23 Seed Tags 20,970.31 31,856.45 Inspection Entomology ._ .: 10,894.00 10,333.50 Oleomargarine 1,050.00 1,100.00 Rabies Land Plaster & Agri. Lime 23,805.02 28,937.23 Fertilizer Registration 7,813.00 7,472.00 Miscellaneous 84.41 78.80 Feed Registration 8,166.00 8,105.00 Canned Dog Food Registration 481.00 1,200.42 Lime Registration 340.00 345.00 Livestock Marketing Permits 5,900.00 4,800.00 Dog Food Stamps 12,232.67 11,619.85 Hatchery Fees & Supplies 4,203.89 4,601.00 Permits for Out-of-State Milk 700.00 550.00 Anti-Freeze Permits 2,175.00 3,350.00 Weights & Measures Fees 9,317.50 9,102.50 Garbage Permits 476.00 542.00 Babcock Testers Licenses 214.00 210.00 Tobacco Curers Tags 4,641.00 3,675.00 Sampler's Licenses 490.00 422.00 Interest on Bonds 2,500.00 2,500.00 Land Plaster Registration 35.00 15.00 Rendering Plants 150.00 Total Agricultural Receipts $1,252,234.95 $1,316,758.00 Contribution from General Fund 1,171,460.00 1,050,000.00 Total Revenue $2,423,694.95 $2,366,758.00 CONTRIBUTION FROM THE GENERAL FUND General Fund—Code 28021 STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Revenue Appropriation $1,246,279.00 $1,157,438.00 Expenditures Contribution to Department of Agriculture — Code 28721 _ 1,171,460.00 1,050,000.00 Unspent Balance of Appropriation 74,819.00 107,438.00 34 N. C. Department of Agriculture GASOLINE AND OIL INSPECTION General Fund—Code 12201 STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 1959-60 1958-59 Revenue Appropriation ___. $ 331,464.00 $ 301,270.00 Disbursements 314,096.99 285,388.53 Unspent Balance of Appropriation 17,367.01 15,881.47 STATE WAREHOUSE SYSTEM—SUPERVISION Special Fund—Code 28727 FINANCIAL STATEMENT July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 14,287.32 $ 16,602.70 Receipts Revenue Collections _ 42,027.51 40,923.25 Miscellaneous Collections 4,361.19 123,242.13 Disbursements Expenditures 41,673.55 43,328.17 Miscellaneous Expenditures 4,985.38 123,152.59 Credit Balance—June 30 14,017.09 14,287.32 STATE WAREHOUSE SYSTEM—PRINCIPAL Special Fund—Code 28729 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Casb on Hand—State Treas. July 1 $ 23,879.63 $ 228.95 Receipts Repayment of Loans 74,024.00 71,424.00 Total Availability 97,903.63 71,652.95 Disbursements Purchase of Bonds 47,773.32 Loans to Warehouses 75,000.00 Judgment and Costs ._ 6,536.41 Treasurers Cash—June 30 16,367.22 23,879.63 Loans to Warehouses 542,420.00 541,444.00 Invested in 2%% U.S. Gov't Bonds 152,000.00 152,000.00 Total Worth—June 30 710,787.22 717.323.63 COOPERATIVE INSPECTION SERVICE Special Fund—Code 28731 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Treasurers Cash—July 1 $ 192,981.65 $ 70,669.30 U.S. Treasury Bonds—2V2 % Par Value 40,000.00 40,000.00 Report for 1958-60 — Accounts 35 1959-60 1958-59 Premiums on Bonds 1,175.00 1,175.00 Credit Balance—July 1 234,156.65 111,844.30 Receipts 433,368.89 553,461.67 Disbursements - 397,785.11 431,149.32 Credit Balance—June 30 269,740.43 234,156.65 EGG MARKETING ACT Special Fund—Code 28733 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, I960 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 17,021.97 $ 13,413.64 Receipts _ _ -... 21,974.34 21,204.91 Disbursements 24,038.04 17,596.58 Credit Balance—June 30 .'. 14,958.27 17,021.97 STRUCTURAL PEST CONTROL Special Fund—Code 28735 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 15,431.35 $ 14,987.87 Receipts 16,875.00 16,829.00 Disbursements __ 17,588.38 16,385.52 Credit Balance—June 30 14,717.97 15,431.35 VOLUNTARY POULTRY INSPECTION Special Fund—Code 28737 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Credit Balance—July 1 _ $ 2,161.70 $ 4,974.23 Receipts 31,422.25 Disbursements 34,234.78 Credit Balance—June 30 2,161.70 2,161.70 CREDIT UNION SUPERVISION Special Fund—Code 28739 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Credit Balance—Julv 1 $ 13,715.52 $ 6,608.07 Receipts 48,462.13 42,178.49 Disbursements 39,548.57 35,071.04 Credit Balance—June 30 22,629.08 13,715.52 DISTRIBUTION OF SURPLUS COMMODITIES Code 28743 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 97,610.33 $ 116,580.26 Revenue Collections 9,610.25 17,576.21 36 N. C. Department of Agriculture 1959-60 1958-59 Disbursements 10,553.57 36,546.14 Credit Balance—June 30 ...._ 96,667.01 97,610.33 SHEEP DISTRIBUTION PROJECT Special Fund—Code 28745 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 43,253.89 14,538.11 Revenue Collections 99,764.70 252,421.74 Disbursements 91,465.37 223,705.96 Credit Balance—June 30 51,553.22 43,253.89 N. C. AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND MARKETING ACT FEDERAL FUND Special Fund—Code 28749 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 14,228.01 $ 12,056.24 Receipts—RMA Matching Fund 58,697.54 65,176.93 Disbursements Markets Division Expenses in Connection with RMA Project—Transferred to Code 28721 52,033.86 60,034.79 Crop Statistics Division Expenses in Connec-tion with RMA Project—Transferred to Code 28721 2,583.85 2,970.37 Credit Balance—June 30 18,307.84 14,228.01 SPECIAL DEPOSITORY ACCOUNT REPORTING SYSTEM Code—28751 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 9,750.00 $ 9,750.00 Receipts—(Cash Bond Deposits) Reporting System 3,750.00 Handler's of Farm Products 5,000.00 Disbursements Refund of Cash Bond Deposit Reporting System... 500.00 5,000.00 Refund of Cash Bond Deposit—Handler's of Farm Products 5,000.00 Credit Balance—June 30 8,000.00 9,750.00 Report for 1958-60 — Accounts 37 voluntary meat inspection Special Fund—Code 28753 RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 1 959-60 1958-59 Credit Balance—July 1 $ 8,123.33 $ 2,453.01 Receipts 73,924.39 49,996.29 Disbursements _ 68,695.65 44,325.97 Credit Balance—June 30 13,352.07 8,123.33 PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS OF 1953 Code 65342 STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Appropriation $ 3,219.53 $ 6,354.43 Disbursements 409.99 3,134.90 Unspent Balance of Appropriation 2.809.54 3,219.53 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS OF 1957 Code 65777 STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Appropriation $ 72,986.16 $ 183,882.58 Disbursements 985.75 110,896.42 Unspent Balance of Appropriation 72,000.41 72,986.16 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS OF 1959 Code 65961 STATEMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS July 1, 1958—June 30, 1960 Appropriation $ 85,700.00 Disbursements 47,921.30 Unspent Balance of Appropriation 37,778.70 DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY Dr. E. W. Constable State Chemist The Division of Chemistry administers state laws dealing with control of fertilizers; livestock and poultry feeds; insecti-cides; foods, drugs and cosmetics; bottling plants, bakeries and other food processing, storage and distribution facilities; auto-motive antifreezes ; linseed oil ; and the application of pesticides by aircraft. Requirements which are common to most of these laws are that the respective products shall bear specified, factual and in-formative labeling and guarantees which must be lived up to. For foods, drugs and cosmetics, further requirements are that they shall be wholesome and free from adulteration or exposure to insanitation, that drugs shall carry adequate directions for use, cautions against misuse and, in the case of dangerous drugs, notice of restricted sale. Pesticide labeling must give directions for use, warning against danger, antidotes in case of accident and first aid procedures according to the nature of the product. Registration and clearance before sale is required for fertilizers, livestock feeds, canned dog foods, bleached flour, insecticides and automotive antifreezes. Those engaging in commercial aerial application of pesticides are required to show adequate knowledge to carry on this work, to procure state licenses, and to carry liability insurance. The activities of the Chemical Division for the biennium are summarized in the following sections. Commercial Fertilizers, Agricultural Liming Materials and Landplaster The fertilizer and lime laws require among other things, in-spection of these products in all parts of the state to determine compliance with labeling requirements, and the collection of samples for analysis to determine if guarantees are met. Anal-yses are made on fertilizers for content of nitrogen, phosphate, potash, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, sulfur, boron, acid-form-ing qualities, and trace elements such as manganese, copper, iron, zinc and molybdenum; on liming materials for calcium, Report for 1958-60 — Chemistry 39 magnesium, acid-neutralizing value, fineness of particle size, and potash when included ; and on landplaster for content of calcium sulphate. Coverage for the biennium was : Official fertilizer samples 21,138 Unofficial samples of fertilizers and materials for farmers 60 Official liming materials, lime-potash and landplaster 569 Total 21,767 Upon completion of individual analyses, reports were for-warded to all concerned. Detailed results of the work were made available to the public collectively in annual issues of the "Fer-tilizer Report" published by the department for that purpose. Results showed that these materials sold in the state during the biennium were generally of good quality and measured up to guarantees made for them. For the limited number of deficien-cies found, consumers were reimbursed according to the penalty provisions of the fertilizer law. A problem of pressing nature is imposed by a trend on the part of manufacturers to add the secondary plant food elements (magnesium, calcium, sulfur and boron) to their fertilizer guar-antees and to include in their advertising and sales promotional material references to trace elements (manganese, copper, iron, zinc and molybdenum). Continued cropping of the soil depletes all supplies of plant food elements, but in fertilizing we have been concerned more with restoring to the soil the major plant food elements than with replacing secondary and trace elements. This is creating prob-lems which are demanding more attention. The interest and welfare of fertilizer users, manufacturers and all others concerned with agricultural matters can be prop-erly safeguarded only by extending adequate control into these new and expanding areas. This can be done only by adequate extension of chemical work. In effort to meet this need, request for provision for an additional chemist is included in the current budget requests. 40 N. C. Department of Agriculture Commercial Feeds Commercial livestock and poultry feeds and canned dog foods were inspected statewide for compliance with registration, label-ing, inspection tax payment and other requirements. Official samples were collected and analyzed chemically to determine the content of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and content of drugs; also microscopically to determine the ingredients com-posing the products and the condition of these ingredients. Coverage for the biennium was : Official feed samples 4,393 Unofficial feed samples 1,360 Analyses for medication in above feeds (452) Total 5,753 Individual reports were forwarded to all concerned as anal-yses were completed and details of all work made available pub-licly in the annual "Feed Report". Results of the work show that feed standards and quality were maintained on a normal level. A problem of particular concern is the greater amount of chemical work which now is required to qualify a given number of feed samples as compared with requirements of earlier years. This is due to the large quantities of feed which now contain such additives as drugs and growth stimulants. While analysis for these additives is necessary to prevent fraud and destructive competition and to assure the integrity of these feeds, it prac-tically doubles the amount of chemical work required. Accompanying these complications is the fact that feed con-sumption in the state, for the decade 1950-1960, has increased ap-proximately 88.5 percent, while control coverage has not been similarly expanded. In an effort to meet this problem, along with the similar situation regarding fertilizer previously dis-cussed, request is made in the 1960-62 budget for funds to em-ploy additional feed and fertilizer chemists. Economic Poisons The work of this division in administering the law governing insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, defoliants and other pesti-cides, follows much the same pattern as for feed and fertilizer control work. It includes statewide inspection and collection of Report for 1958-60 — Chemistry 41 official samples for chemical analysis, reports on individual anal-yses to the parties concerned and publication of an annual "In-secticide Report" to make detailed results of the work available to the public. New pesticide residue restrictions have increased the work load of this division more in its administration of food laws than in activities under the economic poisons law. (See section of this chapter headed "Foods and Drugs.") However, they have added to the volume of work under the economic poisons act, particularly in increased checking on registration and labeling which have been subject to many changes under new federal and state restrictions. Following the practice in preceding biennial reports and the annual Insecticide Reports, the results reported herein are based on calendar years rather than on fiscal years, since insecticide seasons naturally fit into that pattern and insecticide laws are arranged accordingly. Coverage for the biennium was as follows : Official samples 2,567 Unofficial samples 28 Total 2,595 Again the work of the biennium showed that standards were maintained on a normal level and that generally satisfactory products were supplied to users. Defective products were dealt with as prescribed by law. The insecticide work load has been increased by additional pesticide-fertilizer mixtures permitted by regulations adopted by the Board of Agriculture in response to an urgent demand from farmers. The chemical work required to check these mix-tures is more involved and more extensive than for the unmixed products. One apparent abuse which was dealt with involved the selling of pesticides on an interstate basis. A pesticide sold from an-other state direct to a consumer in North Carolina, for this con-sumer's personal use only and not for resale, while being subject to the federal law, is not subject to the state law. Certain manu-facturers, presuming to sell on the interstate basis only, were placing in the hands of North Carolina merchants lots of insecti-cides in small packages and in volume such as to suggest resale 42 N. C. Department of Agriculture as the only further practical outlet. The manufacturer, in avoiding state registration, and neglecting to advise merchants of the legal situation, gained a competitive advantage. Consum-ers got less assurance as to the exact identity and quality of the products purchased, and uninformed merchants stumbled into violative operations. Corrective measures were instituted. Aerial Crop Dusting The aerial crop dusting law has served well to retain in this line of work the more responsible operators, to reduce unscrup-ulous competition, to restrain incompetent and irresponsible operators, and to assure agriculture of a reliable aerial crop dusting service. In the service rendered there have been no complaints, but there have been complaints regarding dusts go-ing beyond the intended bounds and onto neighboring property, at times to the detriment of neighbors, particularly where this resulted in annoyance or danger of insecticide residues in milk and other foods. This is an inherent difficulty with aerial crop dusting in small fields, close quarters, and over rugged terrain. Continued effort is directed toward fostering a better understanding and appre-ciation of neighborly relations and interrelated welfare. The law, however, is designed more toward the purpose of reliable and responsible service in commercial crop dusting rather than to infringement upon neighboring property. Some revision in the law to extend its coverage more positively into the latter field may be in order. Licenses issued for the biennium were : 1959 1960 Contractors 45 51 Applicators 95 79 Airplanes 83 65 Automotive Antifreezes The North Carolina Internal Combustion Engine Anti-freeze Law continues to serve as a highly effective instrument in assur-ing consumers of adequate supplies of high grade products, in relieving ethical manufacturers of unscrupulous competition, in keeping spurious products off the market and in relieving North Carolina merchants of the danger of entrapment in damage Report for 1958-60 — Chemistry 43 claims by buying and selling antifreezes which they formerly had no way of satisfactorily evaluating. Registrations totaled 89 brands for 1958-59 and 80 brands for 1959-60. These, representing 44 manufacturers, covered both the alcohol or volatile types and the glycol or non-volatile type. Foods and Drugs The basic purpose of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Law is to assure consumers of a safe, wholesome, honestly labeled supply of these products. Among the requirements to accomplish this is that the products be composed of sound and wholesome raw materials, that they be handled, processed, packaged and stored in a fully sanitary manner, and that environment, housing, equip-ment, vehicles and other facilities be kept and used in a manner to preclude exposure that may result in contamination. Among the procedures for carrying out these purposes are regular and systematic inspections with inspection reports as permanent records, recommending corrections of unsatisfactory conditions ; closures, embargoes or other actions as prescribed by law. Summary of these activities follow. Food Plant Inspections Bakeries and Doughnut Plants 2,573 Bottling Plants 1,319 Other types of plants and storages (processing and packaging meats, pickles, seafood, flour, meal, candy, potato chips, fruits and vegetables, etc.) .3,050 Total 6,942 Plant Operations Suspended Bakeries 30 Bottling Plants 15 Others, (as listed in preceding tabulation) 63 Total 108 Analyses of Samples, Embargoes In addition to the foregoing inspections and actions, the state-wide collection of samples and their analysis—chemical, physical, 44 N. C. Department of Agriculture microscopic, optical, etc.—are indispensable tools in carrying out the purposes of the law. The final determination of adultera-tion and misbranding is dependent on such analyses. The work of the biennium included the handling and checking of 2,000 samples and 222 embargoes involving 1,770,000 pounds of foods. The samples represented both satisfactory and unsat-isfactory products. The embargoes represented all classes and types of foods—cereals, flour, meal, meats, vegetables, fruits, canned goods, bakery products, sugar, spices, candies, etc.—and for various reasons such as misbranding, spoilage, insanitation, contamination by filth, insects, rodents, worms and other ver-min, damage from storms, fires, wrecks and other exposure, other forms of adulteration and misbranding, both inadvertent and intentional. Fires, Floods, Storms and Wrecks Fires, floods, storms and wrecks grievously include in their toll large volumes of foods and drugs. Lack of knowledge of the dangers involved from contamination and spoilage, and over-zealous salvaging to minimize losses, can result in serious sick-ness and injury to consumers. Supervision and direction of the separation, qualification and disposal of these products is a crit-ical part of the inspection work and it is given preferential at-tention. Fourteen fires of significant proportion, in the cities and towns of the state, involving some 740,000 pounds of products, valued at $290,000. were handled during the biennium. Products in-volved in storms and wrecks accounted for the handling of an additional 740,000 pounds of products, valued at $82,000. Other items similarly handled were two acres of cabbage, flooded with sewage ; 23,500 lbs. of contaminated sugar ; 10,000 bushels brined peppers, insect infested ; and 16,450 bushels salt stock cucum-bers, spoiled. Contamination Contamination of foods and feeds with pesticides is of growing concern. This arises from treating both growing and stored crops with insecticides and from applying fungicides to seeds and cereal grains for planting, then returning these to channels for use as foods or in producing food oils, fats, and seed and bean meals. Examples of such contamination are recent experi-ences with cranberries, milk and other foods and current law- Report for 1958-60 — Chemistry 45 suits involving thousands of chickens damaged by feed composed in part of treated grain. Quantities of grain, including one 240,000-pound lot of wheat, have been diverted to non-food use because of such contamination. The problems presented by this situation are further referred to in a following paragraph on "Personnel". Contaminated sugar, particularly in bags damaged and torn in importation into Wilmington, North Carolina, caused extended concern. It was contended that North Carolina's handling of such contaminated sugar was more severe than in other states and this appeared as a threat to divert imports away from North Carolina ports. It hardly appeared logical that any state or federal food control authorities would temporize in such matters. The trouble was eliminated by the work of the division in coop-eration with federal authorities in establishing a uniform written code for qualifying imported sugar. Drugs Drug work for the biennium was applied to complaints and in-vestigations of the illegal sale of drugs, the removal from open sale of proprietary remedies containing dangerous drugs which are limited to prescriptions, and cooperation with the Federal Department in recalling from the market various lots of drugs which were found to be unsafe. The sale of drugs through vending machines was qualified as illegal since this manner of sale would preclude the discretionary withholding of drugs from minors and children who also purchase candy and gum from such machines. No labeling could be devised to safeguard self-medication as required by law, for those below the age of discre-tion. This stand is concurred in by the State Board of Health and the North Carolina Board of Pharmacy. The same stand, taken also in the State of Maryland, was sustained in court action in that state. Personnel The coverage in food control work, as has been set forth in preceding reports and budgets, has not kept pace with normal growth and development, and in certain respects has lost ground. This results from the necessity to spread personnel ever thinner in order to carry new work assigned to the department without provision for personnel to handle it. This status has reached a 46 N. C. Department of Agriculture critical stage now in the acute demand to maintain adequate safe-guards against excessive pesticide residues in foods as discussed in detail in a preceding section. The only way to maintain such safeguard is the continuous routine collection and chemical analysis of food samples to de-termine the facts. It is an obligation of the department to get this done. Since present limited personnel now in food work (one food chemist full time and one part time, and four food in-spectors) cannot hope to carry the load, budget request has been made for funds to add four food chemists and two food inspectors to the food control staff. CREDIT UNION DIVISION W. V. DlDAWICK State Superintendent of Credit Unions Submitted herewith is our report reflecting the operation and condition of state chartered credit unions that are doing busi-ness in North Carolina in the year ending June 30, 1960. Practically all of the credit unions showed an excellent growth during the two-year period covered by this report. The consoli-dated figures reveal that the combined assets total $32,160,- 847.55, a net increase of $7,615,947.08 or 34 percent during the two-year period covered by this report. During this period, the total number of members increased from 94,000 to over 100,000. During this period, the average loan made to members was $375; and the real estate loans amount to 10 percent of the total loans. Savings per credit union member average $330. These figures reveal that the capital is well distributed among the members, and that short-term loans are being made for emerg-ency and provident purposes. Borrowed capital has only in-creased by $215,000 since 1958, while reserves and undivided profit have increased by more than $1,500,000. Operating expenses amount to approximately 20 percent of the gross income for each year. While this is an increase over the previous years, it has become fairly stable in the last two years. Dividends and profits paid to members in 1959 amounted to $1,320,000, or an average of 4V-> percent on members' savings. As required by Subchapter III, Chapter 54 of the General Statutes of North Carolina, this division makes annual exami-nations of all credit unions and followup visits when necessary. The problem of inadequate records and poor management con-tinues to be our chief source of trouble. In an effort to improve this situation, this division, through its examiners, has helped put on a three-day workshop at A & T College in Greensboro, North Carolina, each year for credit union treasurers and the supervisory committee members. Since many credit unions have grown and their operations have become more complicated, the need for certain amendments to strengthen the credit union law is now apparent. As it now stands, the law does not provide adequate authority to take nee- 48 N. C. Department of Agriculture essary action in such cases as inadequate records, gross misman-agement, or misappropriation of funds on the part of any credit union officer or officers. Credit unions file with this division semi-annual financial and statistical reports, and they also pay fees to this division based on their assets. The information contained in this report is compiled from the semi-annual reports. NUMBER, MEMBERSHIP AND ASSETS OF STATE-CHARTERED CREDIT UNIONS June 30, 1958 June 30, 1960 Active Credit Unions 232 238 Total Members - 83,658 100,000 Total Assets $24,544,900.47 $32,160,847.55 Average Dividend .042% .045% NORTH CAROLINA CREDIT UNIONS CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET June 30, 1958 June 30, 1960 ASSETS Cash in Bank and on Hand $ 1,703,626.92 $ 1,444,044.66 Loans to Members .... 18,530,343.85 25,493,361.25 Investments and Bonds 3,829,265.13 4,339,292.65 Other Assets _ 481,664.57 884,148.99 $24,544,900.47 $32,160,847.55 LIABILITIES Shares _ $19,867,044.27 $25,675,601.40 Deposits __._ 1,100,242.62 1,062,285.98 Reserve Fund 1,372,311.40 2,350,834.94 Undivided Earnings 537,270.55 1,296,835.87 Other Liabilities 1,668,031.63 1,775,289.36 $24,544,900.47 $32,160,847.55 DAIRY DIVISION C. W. Pegram Director Dairying continues to be increasingly important to both the economy and the physical well-being of North Carolina. The state's gross dairy farm income alone was over 100 mil-lion dollars in 1959, almost three times what it was in 1940, and represented approximately 25 percent of the total gross income from all livestock and livestock products. The state has more than 4,200 farmers producing Grade A milk, which is primarily for the bottled milk market, and last year they sold nearly one billion pounds of milk to distributing plants. Some 12,000 other farmers supply what is known as "manufacturing" milk to cheese, butter, evaporated milk and other processing plants, and their production totaled more than 105 million pounds in 1959. While the work of the Dairy Division has consumer protection as its primary purpose, it directly affects the welfare of dairy farming and dairy processing industries. Steady increases in the state's milk consumption over a period of years reflect both continued improvements in production and marketing and con-sumer assurance resulting from the state's regulatory programs. Certainly farmers and dairy processors are to be congratu-lated on the progress they have made by availing themselves of new technologies for improved products and more efficient opera-tion. Technological developments have taken place in the dairy industry all the way from the cow to the consumer's doorstep. These include farm bulk tanks, milking parlors, and artificial breeding on farms ; along with flavor standardization and auto-mation in processing plants. However, as is typical of such innovations, some have created new problems. One of the most serious of such problems con-fronting this division during the past biennium resulted from new discoveries of potential danger from penicillin and certain pesticide residues in milk and other foods, followed immediately by state and federal bans on the sale of foods containing even the minutest trace of such residues. This situation called for urgent and intensive action on the part of the Dairy Division. 50 N. C. Department of Agriculture Within a period of only a few weeks, the division secured milk samples from every Grade A dairyman in the state. These sam-ples were tested for antibiotic residues, particularly penicillin which is used in treating cows for certain diseases. It was most gratifying to find that only a very small percentage of dairy farmers were failing to withhold from the market for a sufficient length of time milk from animals treated with the antibiotics. In the few such cases found, division inspectors made follow-up visits to see that proper practices were being followed. Realizing the gravity of this problem agencies and industries interested in every phase of dairying made a united effort to inform all milk producers of the necessity for carefully follow-ing directions in using antibiotics. As a result, dairymen are giving excellent cooperation in preventing antibiotic residues in milk. It is interesting to note that no evidence of penicillin has been found on tests made on bottled fluid milk supplied to the public. The pesticide residue problems has arisen from the use of in-secticides on milking cows, or on feed crops. Some insecticides constitute a threat to the safety of milk for human consumption if improperly used, as residues from them may be stored in the fat of the human body and are considered accumulative to a danger point. The test for pesticides is very complicated and time consuming. A pesticide testing laboratory section has been recently added to the central dairy products laboratory. It is anticipated that the pesticide laboratory will be of great assistance to the dairy industry since the present assay requires specialized equipment, and highly trained personnel. Preliminary surveys show no evidence of pesticides in our finished market milk supplies. Pesticides have a very necessary place on our farms, but it behooves dairymen to use them prop-erly. Otherwise they will be unable to sell their milk. One of the principal duties of the Dairy Division is to super-vise the sampling and testing of milk and cream purchased on butterfat basis. During the last biennium over 76,000 check tests were made covering the sampling and testing of 233 licensed samplers and 111 licensed testers, which required 1,669 official investigations. The use of farm bulk tanks by dairymen has made for more accurate and representative milk samples which are a prerequisite for accurate butterfat tests. Samplers and testers are required to take both technical and practical exami-nations. Excellent cooperation has been received from the Report for 1958-60 — Dairy 51 licensed samplers and testers in this program. Milk plants have also cooperated by acquiring additional equipment, such as elec-tric water baths. Check testing is carried on in the central and the two field laboratories. The Milk Commission requires that market milk contain a minimum butterfat content of 3.6 percent. Under a cooperative arrangement, the Dairy Division makes the butterfat tests for the Commission, and 2,890 such tests were made during the bien-nium. In addition, this division makes other butterfat tests and bacteria analyses on milk and dairy products to see that they meet state-wide minimum standards for consumer protection. Much time is devoted to the ice cream and frozen desserts in-spection program. This work is carried on in field and labora-tory. Samples are purchased wherever offered for sale and de-livered to the central laboratory, where both chemical and bac-terial analyses are made. When deficiencies are found, plants are inspected to find the cause and see that corrections are made. The Dairy Division cooperates with the Division of Weights and Measures in checking weights of frozen desserts. Innovations such as mobile frozen dessert units and dispenser milk shake machines have added new responsibilities. Depots for mobile units are required to have certain facilities necessary for proper sanitation. During the past year improvement in quality has been found in the various mixes used in these prod-ucts such as soft-serve ice milk and milk shakes. This is in part due to the use of single-service containers for the mixes. During the past biennium 2,079 field inspections were made. It was necessary to close 10 operators for failure to comply with state standards during the biennium. Modern laboratory techniques offer the consumer protection as to quality, and 3,662 frozen dessert samples were given com-plete analyses during the biennium. Laboratory findings make for efficient field inspection. During the past year special em-phasis has been placed on the elimination of high bacteria counts which existed in the products of some plants and soft-serve stores. This plan has been very effective, as marked improve-ments in quality have been noted. As improvements and "know how" have developed in the processing of all foods, the frozen dessert industry has kept pace with regard to purity and quality of product. Since milk and all other dairy products are universally sold in package form, the matter of proper labeling is of importance to 52 N. C. Department of Agriculture consumers. All samples are carefully observed for proper label-ing and corrections are required in instances where mislabeling occurs. The division continually checks for adulteration of milk, either by carelessness or intent. A total of 5,896 samples were tested by cryoscope for the presence of added water during the last two years. In addition to making butterfat tests for the Milk Commission, the Dairy Division makes tests for the Federal School Lunch Program, milk analyses for several local health departments, and inspections for the U. S. Public Health Service covering frozen desserts supplied to interstate carriers. Assays are also made for several Army units that do not have laboratory facili-ties. The division cooperates to the fullest possible extent in meeting requests for assistance. The Dairy Division administers the Milk Import Law which is designed to assure consumers that the quality and wholesome-ness of milk shipped into the state meets North Carolina stan-dards. As North Carolina dairymen have materially increased their milk production per cow and managed their operations for better seasonal adjustment of supply, milk imports have steadily decreased during the past 10 years ; although there was some increase in 1959 because of the unusually severe winter. The Dairy Division and the Milk Commission have been cooperating to direct milk from plants having surplus to plants with short supply within the state. This is a significant marketing program which is resulting in better utilization of milk and tremendous savings to both dairy farmers and processing plants. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY C. H. Brannon State Entomologist The work of the Division of Entomology is based upon the State Plant Pest Law which was amended in 1957 (Chapter 106, Article 36). The work of this division has expanded rapidly due to the alarming increase in kinds of plant pests in North Carolina. Insects, plant diseases and nematodes are all becom-ing more destructive and require expanded programs for effec-tive quarantine and control. Eradication or control of plant pests is absolutely essential for adequate food and feed in our expanding economy. Plant pests cause a damage of over 12 bil-lion dollars each year in the United States, with North Carolina experiencing its share of this frightful loss. The Division of Entomology cooperates with the Plant Pest Control Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in all phases of plant pest control work in North Carolina. Nursery Inspection The Division of Entomology has the enormous task of care-fully inspecting and issuing certificates to every plant nursery in North Carolina each year. This is the largest single project of this division. The division also licenses nursery stock dealers, and they are inspected, as time permits, to see that only stock from certified sources is sold in North Carolina. The steady increase in numbers of certified nurseries and dealers continues. There are now 849 nurseries and 632 nursery dealers in North Carolina. If the present growth continues, North Carolina will have over 1,000 nurseries within the near future. The increase in nursery stock dealers has also been consistent and is expected to continue its present trend. Nurseries in the vicinity of quarantine areas are given addi-tional inspections and treatments by state and federal inspectors as required by state and federal regulations. Such supervision and inspections are carefully done by trained staff members who are highly efficient and faithful in their duties. 54 N. C. Department of Agriculture Witchweed Witchweed, which was first discovered in North Carolina in 1956, now infests 15 counties: Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Duplin, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston, Lenoir, Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland and Wayne. Seven counties are infested in South Carolina. The federal government maintains a fully staffed witchweed laboratory on the Border Belt Research Station near Whiteville, North Carolina, for basic research on this important pest. An intensive cooperative program with farmers, carried out largely with federal funds, has enabled growers to control the witchweed in the infested area. This project requires hundreds of field in-spectors and control men in supervising the applications of herbi-cides and in administering "catch-crop" and "trap-crop" pro-grams. North Carolina has an infested area which includes 78,689 acres located on 4,706 farms. All infested acreage is under cul-tural or chemical control programs. Imported Fire Ant The imported fire ant, one of the worst pests in the deep South, has been found in eight North Carolina counties: Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Mecklenburg, Onslow, Pamlico, Robeson and Wake. There are 11,618 acres in the infested area; 7,451 acres have been treated. This includes all known infestations in seven counties. The remaining area in Carteret County is now being treated in cooperation with the Plant Pest Control Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Soybean Cyst Nematode The soybean cyst nematode is now found in nine counties: Camden, Currituck, Gates, New Hanover, Pasquotank, Pender, Perquimans, Tyrrell and Union. This infested area includes 4,839 acres on 131 properties. Fumigation with DD, used at the rate of 80 gallons per acre, looks promising. Two 40-gallon treatments are applied at two-week intervals. The survey is continuing. Soil samples are collected, brought to the laboratory, and examined under a microscope. This pro-cedure is exacting and must be done by trained personnel. Report for 1958-60 — Entomology 55 This entire program is carried out in cooperation with the Plant Pest Control Division of the U. S. Department of Agricul-ture. A strict quarantine in the infested area prevents the spread of this pest into uninfested areas. The soybean cyst nematode has been found also in Virginia and in several states bordering on the Mississippi River. White-Fringed Beetle White-fringed beetle infestations have been found in 27 coun-ties, and eradication work has been under way for a number of years. We are delighted to report that all known infestations have been treated in 24 of these counties, leaving only three counties to be treated in North Carolina. These three counties are Anson, New Hanover and Pender. As of June 30, 1960, acres treated for the white-fringed beetle totaled 22,735, leaving 7,252 acres to be treated. The quarantine and inspection phases of this program are be-ing continued as in the past. The entire project is carried out in cooperation with the Plant Pest Control Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Japanese Beetle The Japanese beetle has been found in all except the following seven counties of the state: Anson, Clay, Cleveland, Chatham, Graham, Lincoln and Montgomery. This program, carried out in cooperation with the Plant Pest Control Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture, is limited to enforcement of the quarantine, inspection of nurseries and ship-ping point areas. Spray treatments have been applied to infested vicinities of shipping points. Apiary Inspection Areas with bee diseases have been carefully inspected, and colonies found infected with American foul-brood were destroy-ed or treated with antibiotics. All requests for inspections were promptly made. A total of 13,858 colonies were inspected, and 290 were found infected with American foul-brood, which rep-resents a 2.1 percent infection. Follow-up inspections indicate that this program is very effective in controlling American foul-brood. 56 N. C. Department of Agriculture Approximately 12 queen breeder certificates are issued each year. Apiary inspections in the past have been largely concerned with brood diseases. However, in the fall of 1959 a mite causing disease of adult bees in Europe and Great Britain was reported from California. This is known as ACARINE disease. Careful microscopic examinations of bees from about 1,000 colonies were made in an effort to locate the disease, if it existed in North Carolina. The results were negative and subsequent reports from California indicate that the initial report was in error. Narcissus Inspection Narcissus inspection has been a part of the program of the Division of Entomology for many years. Growers who request inspection are granted this service each season. One hundred and seven acres on 10 properties were carefully inspected for nematode infestations in 1959, and 84 acres on 12 properties in 1960. Each year only two properties were found infested. The growers took prompt action to eliminate the infestations. Insect Collection and Identification The large insect collection, including over 2,000,000 speci-mens representing 16,000 different kinds of insects, is now hous-ed in modern up-to-date pest-proof cabinets which offer efficient handling. The insect collection and survey is a reservoir of in-formation on insect conditions in North Carolina and is con-stantly being used by specialists throughout the nation. There is close cooperation with national entomologists in exchanging insect identification records. The insect collection is an indis-pensable tool for our insect identification service to the people of North Carolina. Service identification of insect specimens sent in from all over the state averages approximately 5,000 specimens each year. Several hundred specimens of plant dis-eases are diagnosed each year. Through regular insect surveys, a constant watch is being kept for new insect pests. Last year, a snout weevil, which feeds on shrubs, was discovered within the state for the first time. This beetle had not been found in the United States before. This beetle is a native of India. Its potential importance, as a pest of crops, is now under study and observation. Regular insect surveys are extremely valuable in ascertaining Report for 1958-60 — Entomology 57 the limits of infestation of new insects before they spread from a small area and cause considerable loss. Vast numbers of insect specimens obtained from surveys are added to the collection for future reference. Vegetable Plant Inspection On March 18, 1959, the General Assembly passed the Vege-table Plant Law, and the Division of Entomology was given the responsibility of its administration. This act regulates the sale of certain vegetable plants brought into North Carolina. The plants under the provisions of this act include pepper, eggplant, sweet potato, onion, cabbage and tomato plants, intended for transplanting purposes. The following number of plants were inspected and passed for sale in North Carolina during the biennium : 1959 1960 Cabbage 571,000 7,984,000 Onions 20,000 10,906,000 Pepper 3,312,000 601,000 Sweet Potato 639,000 2,758,000 Tomato 5,626,000 4,196,000 The quality of plants, shipped into North Carolina, has been greatly improved due to the strict provisions of the Vegetable Plant Law. Stop-sale tags were placed on all containers which did not meet the requirements of our law. Cooperation With U. S. Department of Agriculture Most of the work of the Division of Entomology is done in close cooperation with the Plant Pest Control Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, with which it has maintained cordial relations for many years. North Carolina State College The Division of Entomology has, for many years, also main-tained a cordial cooperative relationship with the Agricultural Experiment Station, the Extension Service and various individ-ual departments of N. C. State College, who are always glad to cooperate with us in every possible way. DIVISION OF MARKETS John A. Winfield Director For individual farmers, marketing has presented one of the greatest problems in adjusting to the new era of technology in agriculture. Traditionally the primary interest of the farmer has been production ; getting from his land and labor resources the max-imum yield. Marketing consisted of disposing of his unprocess-ed production to the nearest buyer at whatever price he could get for it. Today, however, with all his investment in modern farming, he must prepare his commodities to receive the top dollar possi-ble. This means cleaning, grading, packaging or other prelim-inary processing before the products even move off the farm. But the change is even more fundamental than this, because pro-duction and marketing have become so completely intermingled that it is scarcely possible to deal with them separately. Therefore, the staff of the Markets Division must keep farm-ers informed of the kinds or varieties of products in demand, methods of harvesting and handling to meet buyer requirements ; and, at the other end of the scale, they must work with the in-dustries processing agricultural raw materials to the end that consumer appeal continues to provide a steady demand for farm production. In short, they must constitute a kind of unbroken "assembly-line" from farm to table. Meeting this need is further complicated by the fact that no other phase of agriculture is in quite such a highly transitional stage as marketing. The complete revolution in retail selling, the ever increasing demand for graded, uniform farm products with more and more "built-in" services at the consumer level makes an impact all the way back to the farm. Obviously it is impossible for farmers themselves to cover such a span alone. Therefore, the work of governmental marketing agencies be-comes increasingly important every year; particularly here in North Carolina where agriculture means more than a billion dollars to the state's economy in farm income alone, and where farming is the means of livelihood for so many people. The major objective of the Markets Division is to help farmers Report for 1958-60 — Markets 59 do a more efficient job of marketing and thereby obtain a higher return from their labor and investment. But in working toward such an objective, emphasis must be shifted from time to time to meet changing conditions ; and certain phases of the work which received increased emphasis during this biennium have brought about noticeable improvements in the quality of farm products marketed. Direct assistance to producers, buyers and sellers, constitutes one phase given stepped-up emphasis. When possible and prac-tical, specialists used this approach. Unfortunately, however, only limited use could be made of direct assistance because of the vast number of individuals needing and seeking aid. Conse-quently, it was necessary to rely heavily on group meetings and mass news media to keep the farm people informed of the rapid changes occurring in the field of agricultural marketing. Added emphasis was placed on keeping producers and trades-people informed on current market conditions. When buyers and sellers are informed as accurately and completely as possi-ble, competition plays a more important role in marketing and thereby benefits the farmer and the consumer. While definite progress was made along these lines during the biennium, it is apparent that there is still a serious need for additional coverage on many commodity markets. The increasing awareness among farmers of their need to adopt more efficient marketing practices, and their desire to do this, is encouraging. Never before has there been more evidence of this than during the 1958-60 biennium. It was noticeable not only from the record number of requests for assistance and in-formation which this division received, but was also apparent in the market place where buyers expressed satisfaction with the products offered and, in most instances, reflected this in the price they paid. Therefore, we can look into the future with a certain degree of optimism. Yet it would be unrealistic to overlook the many obstacles which always are present in so complicated a field as marketing. The Division of Markets continued to enjoy splendid working relations with other agencies during the biennium. And, it is the desire of the division to continue this cooperative approach in future efforts toward a more efficient marketing system for North Carolina's agricultural products. Following is a summary of activities for the biennium in vari-ous phases covered by this Division : 60 N. C. Department of Agriculture Fruits And Vegetables (Inspection and Regulatory) This branch of the Fruit and Vegetable Section is responsible for employing and supervising 100 to 300 inspectors annually to grade and certify the quality of fruits, vegetables and peanuts ; and for assessing and collecting fees to cover the cost of the grading work. It is also responsible for carrying out the provi-sions of the "Handlers Act" and the North Carolina Seed Potato Law. During the biennium, 17 training classes were conducted in which 142 men were trained for fruit, vegetable and peanut grading work, and 28 were given on-the-job training. In addi-tion, 340 experienced inspectors were given refresher courses. Nine conferences were held with key personnel, and instruction was given in supervisory duties, general inspection policies and grade interpretations. Fifty to 80 graders were employed during the summer move-ment of potatoes, vegetables, peaches and melons and from 200 to 260 during the peak movement of peanuts and sweet potatoes in the fall and winter months. The volume of grading and certification work for this period was as follows: 10,363 carlot equivalents for producers and shippers of fruits, vegetables and cleaned and shelled peanuts; 570,460,000 pounds of farmers' stock peanuts delivered to buying points by farmers ; and 2,184,043 packages of berries, vegetables and sweet potatoes at auction markets. A total of 858 carlots of fruits, vegetables and melons were certified for wholesale re-ceivers within the state and 6,147,652 pounds of produce were graded at or for delivery to state and federal institutions and military installations. The volume of seed potatoes examined to determine compliance with the Seed Potato Law was 361,000 hundredweight. Under the Handlers Act, contracts by processors with farmers to produce vegetables for processing were examined and, upon approval of contracts, 37 permits were issued to processors au-thorizing contractual agreements. Bonds or certified copies of satisfactory financial statements were required to insure pay-ment to producers for produce grown under contract. Staff members of this section participated in meetings of farm-ers, produce handlers and professional workers. These meetings were attended by approximately 1,500 persons interested in im- Report for 1958-60 — Markets 61 proving the marketing and grading of agricultural products in North Carolina. Special memoranda were issued to licensed graders of farm products and frequent visits were made to the areas where in-spection work was being conducted, the purpose being to see that grade interpretation and application were uniform through-out the state. Fruits and Vegetables (Service) Progress is being made in keeping abreast of changing trends in fruit and vegetable marketing, but there is a continuing need for: (1) promoting consumer packaging ; (2) encouraging more uniform and higher quality packs; (3) reducing handling costs; (4) more effective promoting and advertising; (5) assembling quality and quantity at one point for centralized marketing; (6) promoting commodity group organization; (7) promoting contractual production of commodities that are in demand for processing. During the past biennium, considerable effort was devoted to-ward solving these problems by working through the cooperative action of state and federal agencies, producers and handlers, associations, cooperatives, and other organized groups. Special attention was given to some of these problems which could be included in research projects under federal matching funds ap-plied to improve marketing practices of fruits and vegetables. Division specialists conducted or assisted other agencies in the following projects : (1) Promoted asparagus acreage in Robeson and Hoke Coun-ties as an early cash crop to bolster the income lost in tobacco and cotton acreage reductions. (2) Bringing in three new pickle cucumber processor buyers, and assisting them in contracting for 930 acres of processing type cucumbers in Robeson, Hoke and Scotland Counties. (3) Assisted pepper processing plant at Dunn to increase from 500 to 1,100 acres of contract peppers in Harnett, Sampson and Cumberland Counties. (4) Assisted Gerber Baby Foods Company in contracting for sweet potato acreage on a trial basis in Pitt County. If the product is satisfactory they intend to increase this acreage for the entire requirements of their North Carolina plant. (5) Assisted producers and handlers in obtaining 7,500 bush- 62 N. C. Department of Agriculture els of certified cork-free sweet potatoes for plant propagation. (6) Promoted the production of 3,000 acres of watermelons in Bertie, Gates, Martin, and Halifax Counties, to be sold through centralized marketing at Windsor. Assisted producers and han-dlers to obtain 7,000 lbs. of certified disease-free watermelon seed from the arid regions of the west coast. (7) Assisted peach, apple, and potato producer associations to continue their assessments or to hold referendums on the ques-tion of assessing themselves to raise funds for advertising and promoting increased consumption of their respective commodity. (8) Continued to issue fruit and vegetable bulletins which listed the products available, normal harvesting dates, and loca-tion of the various products. These bulletins were sent to 700 buyers, dealers and handlers in 20 states. These projects and assistance programs enabled small farm-ers, by producing under contract, to receive the same price at the market place as larger producers received. Bringing in new early cash crops to areas formerly planted only to tobacco or cotton helped to supplement the producers' over all income. Other activities during the biennium included : (1) Participating in 72 conferences pertaining to fresh or processing crops. These conferences were attended by 1,317 per-sons and included research, production, Extension and Conserva-tion and Development workers, as well as buyers, bankers, and processors. (2) Assisting 25 county farm agents with varied marketing problems. (3) Participating in 48 group meetings, attended by 1,262 producers, buyers and processors for the purpose of promoting new cash crops in a number of different communities. (4) Conducting 163 farm demonstrations for improving har-vesting, grading and packaging of products. (5) Assisting 678 producers in either direct sales or in finding buyers for their products. (6) Assisting 78 firms in securing certified seed, contractual acreage, locating grading and processing equipment or sources of supply of fresh products. (7) Holding 435 personal interviews with producers on varie-ties, harvesting, grading, packing and assembling for marketing. (8) Assisting 18 vocational agriculture teachers with better marketing practices for these young future producers of fruits and vegetables. Report for 1958-60 — Markets 63 (9) Conducting a program of coordinating f.o.b. prices in the 13-county Irish potato producing area to prevent fide differen-tials in prices from one area to the other. This work was con-ducted in cooperation with the N. C. Potato Association, Inc. Cotton And Engineering Technical assistance to cotton ginners, which division special-ists began in 1945, has been a big factor in keeping North Caro-lina cotton on a par with southeastern growths. It also has provided an excellent approach to new problems as they develop. Services to cotton are designed to : ( 1 ) preserve the grade and processing (or spinning) qualities of North Carolina cotton and cotton seed through more efficient pre-ginning handling and conditioning, ginning and storage ; (2) improve the marketing of the state's cotton by providing laboratory test data on fiber prop-erties every two weeks during the harvesting and ginning season ; (3) improve and integrate the operating policies of all raw cot-ton interests, particularly ginners and initial cotton buyers, and (4) cooperate with and supplement cotton programs of other agencies and interest organizations. Requirements of the textile industry have changed materially within the past five years. Competition between domestic and foreign growths and between artificial fibers and blends, plus\ the urgent need to reduce manufacturing costs, have created a j more exacting market for cotton. Consequently, the prosperity < of the raw cotton industry depends, to a large extent, on the ; ability of domestic cotton farmers to grow and harvest and have / their cotton ginned for specific end uses. These circumstances ' have increased the need for maximum use of such marketing aids as fiber testing, more exact classification and the designation of \ color and foreign matter factors in grades. In order to achieve these objectives, it is going to be necessary to revamp ginning technology and pre-ginning handling, conditioning and process-ing as quickly as possible. Cotton work for the biennium included over 900 gin visits, approximately 100 cotton mill contacts and attendance at 150 ginner meetings. Technical or engineering assistance to the corn milling indus-try in North Carolina is a continuing assignment of this section. This work has resulted in outstanding improvement of facilities and as a byproduct of this improvement there have been some fine promotional developments within the industry. There is a 64 N. C. Department of Agriculture growing tendency for our larger mills to give serious considera-tion to their promotional activities and support these activities by putting out a better product. Our milling specialist was suc-cessful in developing a hushpuppy mix and an enriched corn meal muffin mix which met with consumer acceptance over the state. Trade associations of the corn milling industry are in the process of developing a number of promotional activities coop-eratively. In addition to work with miller groups, specialists made ap-proximately 250 mill visits annually during the past two years. Other assignments of the section include providing technical or engineering assistance to the commodity sections whose needs do not warrant the employment of a full-time engineer. This means that this section's engineers must keep abreast of market-ing needs and alert to any calls for engineering assistance that may originate within the division or be requested by other divi-sions of the department. These varied activities for the biennium included designing and superv
Object Description
Description
Title | Biennial report North Carolina Department of Agriculture |
Contributor | North Carolina. Department of Agriculture. |
Date | 1958; 1959; 1960 |
Subjects |
Agriculture--North Carolina--Periodicals Agricultural statistics Cotton--North Carolina Crops Genealogy Livestock--North Carolina Tobacco--North Carolina |
Place | North Carolina, United States |
Time Period | (1954-1971) Civil Rights era |
Description | Imprint varies. |
Publisher | [Raleigh, N.C. :Dept. of Agriculture,1950-1972] |
Agency-Current |
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Physical Characteristics | 12 v. :ill. ;23 cm. |
Collection | Health Sciences Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Type | text |
Language | English |
Format | Reports |
Digital Characteristics-A | 10442 KB; 158 p. |
Digital Collection |
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access, a North Carolina LSTA-funded grant project North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Title Replaced By | North Carolina. Department of Agriculture..Annual report |
Title Replaces | North Carolina. Department of Agriculture..Report of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_edp_biennialreportagriculture19581960.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_edp\images_master\ |
Full Text |
THE LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF
NORTH CAROLINA
THE COLLECTION OF
NORTH CAROLINIANA
ENDOWED BY
JOHN SPRUNT HILL
CLASS OF 1889
C630.6
N8a
19S8/60
UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL
00033953721
This book must not
be taken from the
Library building.
J
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA)
http://www.archive.org/details/biennialrepagric19581960
* |