Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development of the State of North Carolina |
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®i)e Hibtarp of tiie Wini\)tt^itp ofigottfjCarolma Collection of i^ortfj Caroliniana Cnbotneb bp STofin ^prunt ?^ill of tt)c Class of 1889 C550 Ng7r 00033966030 This book must not be taken from the Library building Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/biennialconserv19281930 THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT OF The Department of Conservation and Development OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1930 ,1 THE PEOPLE OF NORTH CAROLINA RESOURCES AND INDUSTRrES OF NORTH CAROLINA THE LEGISLATURE THE GOVERNOR THE CONSERVATION BOARD THE DIRECTOR ^BfijEs W^' r""" B'£S? |r =lb i 1,A,"7."s ""™,» "irZ^f: rBP:« "HS.T. =ii™ '£Sfj/S mo 0., fefjr""'"' "t'cAWm AND FEDERAL""verIe «ENC ES- THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT OF The Department of Conservation and Development OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA FOR THE BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1930 BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT Governor 0. Max Gardner, Chairman Raleigh S. Wade Marr, Vice-Chairman Raleigh W. C. Ewing Fayetteville F. S. Worthy Washington R. Bruce Etheridge Manteo Fred I. Sutton Kinston R. Grady Rankin Gastonia Santford Martin Winston-Salem J. Q. Gilkey Marion Jas. G. K. McClure, Jr Asheville E. D. Cranford Asheboro Jos. J. Stone Greensboro J. W. Harrelson, Director Raleigh LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, N. C, October 1, 1930. To His Excellency, Hon. O. Max Gardner, Governor of North CaroliTia. Sir: Pursuant to Section 11, Chapter 122, Public Laws of 1925, and by di-rection of the Board of Conservation and Development, I have the honor to submit herewith the Third Report of the Department of Conservation and Development for the biennium ending June 30, 1930. This report shows: (1), the progress, nature and cost of the work done by the Department during the period July 1, 1928,—June 30, 1930; and (2), "North Carolina Home-Coming Week" authorized by Resolution No. 17, Public Laws of North Carolina, Session 1929. Respectfully submitted, J. W. Harrelson, Director. (2) DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION Wade H. Phillips, Director (Resigned April 1, 1929) J. W. Harrelson, Director (Appointed April 2, 1929) R. N. Sanford, Principal Accounting Clerk Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobbie, Fiscal Clerk Gladys Pritchett, Purchasing Agent Mrs. Carita Wade Moore, Stenographer (Resigned April 20, 1930) Frances Pope, Stenographer (Appointed April 21, 1930) DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Capt. John A. Nelson, Commissioner N. R. Webb, Fiscal Clerk Virginia Brown, Stenographer G. L. Arthur, Jr., Bacteriologist Assistant Commissioners: J. H. Stone, Wilmington E. O. Spencer, Swa?t Quarter L. A. Quidley, Manteo DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Park Mathewson, Statistician and Assistant Director* Bryan W. Sipe, Statistician-^ Mrs. Elsie P. Dunn, Stenographer DIVISION OF FORESTRY J. S. Holmes, State Forester Chas. H. Flory, Assistant Forester F. H. Claridge, Assistant Forester Grace White, Accounting-Clerk-Stenographer Elsie Hobby, Stenographer Annie Ramsey, Stenographer Mabel Duke, Stenographer Mrs. Mary P. Phillips, Stenographer District Foresters: W. K. Beichler, Asheville A. D, Folweiler, New Bern Wm. a. Nothstein, Lenoir L. A. Carter, Windsor \V A. Peterson, Fayetteville W. C. Hammerle, Wilmington *Deceased fAppointed July 1, 1930 (3) 'I DIVISION OF GAME Chas. H. England, State Game Warden Mrs. Alice W. Bradley, Stenographer C. L. Beddingfield, Chief Clerk Mrs. Lillian Brickhouse, Clerk District Wardens: C. N. Mease, Black Mountain W. C. LiSK, Richfield G. A. NicOLL, New Bern DIVISION OF INLAND FISHERIES J. S. Hargett, Assistant Director Mrs. Mary F. Harward, Stenographer (Resigned March 15, 1930) Christine Pollock, Stenographer (Appointed June 9, 1930) Hatchery Superintendents : Morrison Hatchery, Frank J. Reiger, Waynesville Stedman Hatchery, W. E. Baker, Fayetteville "Pete" Murphy Hatchery, Frank S. Dysart, Marion Boone Hatchery, C. E. Smathers, Boone Roaring Gap Hatchery, GuY C. Wallace, Roaring Gap DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES H. J. Bryson, State Geologist Gladys Pritchett, Stenographer DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS* Paul Kelly, Manager DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENGINEERING Thorndike Saville, Chief Engineer Chas. E. Ray, Jr., Principal Assistant Engineer H. A. ScHMiTT, Assistant Engineer J. T. Brown, Assistant Engineer L. J. Hall, Assistant Engineer H. A. Nelson, Cooperative Student J. W. Wadsworth, Cooperative Student Estelle Fuller, Senior Stenographer Lauretta McGee, Junior Stenographer *This Division merged with Division of Commerce and Industry and its manager made Chief of the reorganized Division shortly before close of biennium. (4) Library, Univ. of ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION Wade H. Phillips, Director (Resigned April 1, 1929) J. W. Harrelson, Director (Appointed April 2, 1929) STAFF: R. N. Sanford, Principal Accounting Clerk Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobbie, Fiscal Clerk Gladys Pritchett, Purchasing Agent Mrs. Carita Wade Moore, Stenographer (Resigned April 20, 1930) Frances Pope, Stenographer, (Appointed April 21, 1930) Administration—The administrative duties of the Department deal with all problems of policies, proposed legislation, and personnel. Causes and effects of laws, rules, and regulations governing the conservation and de-velopment of the natural resources of North Carolina are studied. Also laws, rules, and regulations of other States dealing with natural resources of these states are reviewed for the purpose of collecting ideas which can be developed in this State to an advantage. In administering the laws, rules, and regulations, dealing with the State's forest, game, and fish resources we are attempting to combine the warden service. The use of the same warden force for all these functions is some-what new. We have during the past biennium made every effort to place the warden service in forestry, game, and fish in the several counties under one county warden. Of the 47 counties cooperating in the forestry, there are only 8 having separate forest wardens, and in all counties game and fish warden services are combined. It is our plan to combine the forest warden service with the game and fish in the remaining 8 counties. The Department is very much gratified over the success of the combined warden service and believes that it can be maintained at a cost of $30,000 to $50,000 per year below the expense of separate administration. Bookkeeping and Accounting—On July 1, 1929, there was set up and coordinated a new system for keeping the financial records of the Depart-ment. The new system has been very successful and enables the Depart-ment to keep in detail its records. By establishing a bookkeeping and ac-counting unit, we are in a position at any time to analyze our financial records. Also we are able to check our accounts and pay our bills with the least possible delay. Budget—Matters dealing with the Budget are handled directly with the Budget Bureau and in accordance with the laws, rules, and regulations of the Budget Bureau. Information Service—The information service is under the supervision of the Division of Commerce and Industry. However, in many cases infor-mation is furnished by the separate Divisions. Information service for the press is described in the report of the Division of Public Relations. (5) Rules and Regulations—Rules and regulations are made by the Con-servation Board and by the Director. The Director is responsible for the administration of all rules and regulations. Personnel—The Director has final approval of the employment and dis-missal of all personnel employed in the Department. The number of per-manent employees in the Department varies from 200 to 225. The heads of the several Divisions in the Department are men especially trained for their respective duties. The first assistants in the several Di-visions are also men trained and qualified for their particular duties. The Water Resources and Engineering Division, the Division of Forestry, Di-vision of Mineral Resources, and the Division of Commerce and Industry require scientifically trained men. The Department has been very for-tunate in filling these various positions with men especially qualified for the work. In the field of game, the District Game Wardens are men who have been trained in the field of experience and in a practical side of game conserva-tion. Our county wardens are selected from among the applicants for the position in their respective counties, more on a basis of integrity and character than on a basis of qualifications. This policy is not satisfactory, but due to the small salaries which are paid to the county wardens we cannot at this time obtain men who have scientific training in the fields of forestry, game, and fish. The policy so far as county wardens is concerned should tend to the em-ployment of men who have had scientific training in the fields of forestry, game, and fish. The county wardens employed in this Department should be men whose training and rank is equal to that of the county farm agent. HOME-COMING The General Home-Coming Celebration was held throughout the State during the period October 14 to 19, 1929, pursuant to the following au-thority and instructions of the General Assembly of 1929 : RESOLUTION 17 "Whereas, the State of North Carolina in recent years has made re-markable progress along many lines and it is fitting that the people of the State should now review the record achieved since the new century began and take note of their fui'ther opportunities and possibilities; and, "Whereas, the North Carolina State Fair, in its new location and under the management of the State of North Carolina as an agency for exhibit-ing the resources and products of the State was hurriedly opened for an initial exposition last fall, but the management this year will have time for a far more varied and complete exhibit of the agricultural, industrial, and commercial development of North Carolina, with the result that the nineteen hundred and twenty-nine fair will be the first adequate State Fair held on the new location and under State control, and, "Whereas, various other commonwealths have from time to time held "Home-Coming Weeks" when the scattered sons and daughters of these commonwealths have been invited to return to their native States to join with residents in reviewing the progress made, and further opportunities for development, with a consequent stimulus to State pride and aspiration; now therefore, be it "Resolved by the Senate of North Carolina, the House of Representatives concurring: "Section 1. That the week of October fourteenth to nineteenth, nineteen hundred and twenty-nine, which will be the week of the nineteen hundred and twenty-nine North Carolina State Fair, is hereby officially designated as 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' and during this week all native sons and daughters of North Carolina who now reside in other common-wealths are hereby invited to return to their former home towns and cities and neighborhoods and join with their former neighbors and friends in the celebration of 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' and to visit the exhibit of North Carolina products and resources as shown at the North Carolina State Fair during that week. "Sec. 2. That one day during the nineteen hundred and twenty-nine State Fair shall be officially known as 'Dedication Day' when the buildings and grounds shall be formally dedicated to the service of the State with ceremonies directed by the Governor of this State and that the President of the United States is hereby formally invited to be present on that oc-casion and bring the greetings of the National Government to this Com-monwelth, and that the Governor of the State of New York is hereby formally invited to attend during at least one day of the fair to bring the greetings of Northern States to our own State and that the special com-mittee hereinafter named is requested to provide for other addresses daily by eminent Americans and eminent guests returning to this State for (7) 8 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week,' and for broadcasting by radio if practicable all addresses herein referred to. "Sec. 3. That a committee to complete details and provide further ar-rangements for 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week" is hereby named consisting of the Governor of North Carolina, the President of the State University, the President of the North Carolina State College of Agricul-ture and Engineering, the Commissioner of Agriculture, the Director of the State Department of Conservation and Development, three others to be named by the Directors of the North Carolina State Fair, and such other members to be named by the Governor of North Carolina as he may deem advisable. "Sec. 4. That for the purpose of inviting former residents of North Carolina to come back to the State during 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' a specially designated invitation shall be prepared and signed in facsimile by the Governor of the State and the Committee just named, with a facsimile of the Seal of the State attached, and that the State Depart-ment of Conservation and Development is requested to print such invitations and forward them to suitable persons whose names may be furnished it and that all agencies of the State Government and county and municipal governments together with the press of the State, are asked to cooperate in all practicable and legitimate ways for promoting the objects and pur-poses of 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' as herein set forth. "Sec. 5. That this resolution shall be in full force and effect from and after its ratification. "Ratified, this the 13th day of March, A. D. 1929." Under the authority of the resolution quoted above the following Central Committee on Home-Coming was appointed: Governor O. Max Gardner. Hon. -Josephus Daniels (Secretary of the Navy, 1913-1921) publisher of the News and Observer. J. W. Harrelson, Director North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, Raleigh. Dr. E. C. Brooks, President of North Carolina State College, Raleigh. Mrs. A. L. Brooks, Greensboro. Dr. Delia Dixon Carrol, Physician, Ralegh. Dr. H. W. Chase, President, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Mrs. R. N. Duffie, New Bern. Hon. W. A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh. Mrs. John Sprunt Hill, DurTiam. Mrs. Thos. O'Berry, Goldsboro. Hon. Frank Page, Vice-President Wachovia Bank and Trust Co., Raleigh. Hon. John A. Park, Publisher Raleigh Times, Raleigh. Judge John J. Parker, Judge, 4th Circuit, Federal Court of Appeals, Charlotte. Dr. Clarence Poe, Publisher The Progressive Farmer, Raleigh. Mrs. W. B. Sullivan, Charlotte. Judge N. A. Townsend, Executive Council of the State Administration, Raleigh. Hon. Thos. S. White, President, North Carolina State Fair Board, Hert-ford. Mrs. John H. Anderson, Chapel Hill. On July 28th, 1929, Governor Gardner issued the following proclamation on "Home Coming": "Whereas, The State of North Carolina in the first quarter of the twen-tieth century has made an astounding record of progress which should now be reviewed by our citizens and made known to all interested Americans. Not in a spirit of pride or boasting should this be done but in a spirit of thanksgiving, aspiration, and dedication to the far greater tasks that lie yet ahead of us. We must make 'That which we have done but earnest of the things we yet shall do.' And "Whereas, In this spirit the last General Assembly of North Carolina provided for the State-wide observance of the week of October 14-19 as 'North Calolina Home-Coming Week" with the request that all native sons and daughters of North Carolina now residing outside the State be invited to return that week and participate in a great State home-coming celebra-tion at the State Capital and in local celebrations in evry progressive county of the State where such meetings can be arranged for. Now, there-fore, I, 0. Max Gardner, as Governor of the State, in accordance with this act of the Legislature, do hereby proclaim the week of October 14-19 as 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' and call upon all officials, citizens and the press of the State to cooperate in promcrting this progressive move-ment. "Of paramount importance will be the dedication that week of the new State-owned North Carolina State Fair Grounds with the most compre-hensive exhibits of our present-day progress and possibilities ever yet pre-sented, with addresses by eminent Americans and returned North Caro-linans broadcasted by radio to every corner of the State. During this Home-Coming Week every native North Carolinian now living outside the State is asked to see this exhibit of the State's resources at Raleigh and to visit again his native county and section. "To this end I call upon evei-y citizen to send in the names of all relatives and friends outside the State who should be invited to this celebration and I earnestly request the press of the State to cooperate by inserting blanks which will be sent for this purpose. "I also call upon the editors of the local papers in each county, the sec-retaries of the local chambers of commerce, the county farm and home agents, and the county superintendent of education, associating with them-selves such other persons as they may desire, to meet and organize 'County Home-Coming Celebration Committees' to supplement the major activities at the State Capital." Done at our City of Raleigh in this State of North Carolina, this twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hun-dred and twenty-nine and in the one hundred and fifty-fourth year of American Independence. Tyre C. Taylor, 0. Max Gardner, Private Secretary. Governor of North Carolina. 10 The Central Committee on Home-Coming met in the office of the Gov-ernor on Tuesday, July 30, 1929, the Hon. Josephus Daniels presiding in the absence of the Governor. The committee authorized preparation and the issuance of formal invitations to be sent to all native North Carolinians now living beyond the boundaries of North Carolina; recommended for for-mation of Home-Coming Committees in each County; designed suitable blanks to be used in compiling the list of persons to receive Home-Coming invitations; recommended that October 12 and 13 (Saturday and Sunday) be Home-Coming days for the counties of the State and that distinguished sons of the counties or of the State be requested to speak on Saturday and to occupy the pulpits of local churches on Sunday. The following plans were authorized for use in securing the names and addresses of former North Carolinians: (1) Examine all lists of distinguished persons such as the various "Who's Who." (2) Run blanks in all newspapers with request that people knowing the names and addresses of former North Carolinians fill the blanks and mail to the Department of Conservation and Development. (3) Secure out-of-State mailing lists from all alumni associations of colleges and universities located within the State. (4) Request County and State Officials to send list. (5) Secure the mailing list of all North Carolina societies of the various cities and States of the Union. (6 Request by radio that listeners-in send in names and addresses for the invitation list. (7) Request editors of all the newspapers to send in names and ad-dresses. The county Home-Coming committees were composed of members of the legislature, county commissioners, chairman county school board, clerk of superior court, register of deeds, county sheriff, superintendent of schools, farm agent, home demonstration agent, editors of newspapers and such other persons as the above mentioned officials may wish to select. The Central Committee selected the following General Invitation Com-mittee: Hon. Josephus Daniels, Hon. Frank Page, Dr. Clarence Poe, and J. W. Harrelson. Special Invitation Committee to distinguished North Carolinians, Hon. Josephus Daniels, Hon. Frank Page, Dr. Clarence Poe, Mrs. O'Berry, and Judge John H. Parker. Hon. Josephus Daniels was selected permanent Vice-Chairman and J. W. Harrelson permanent Secretary. Adjourned. The Invitation Committee at a meeting on July 31 adopted the following formal invitation to be sent to all persons whose names were on the mailing list: 11 THE GOVERNOR OF NORTH CAROLINA AND THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA THROUGH THE STATE COMMITTEE ON HOME-COMING WEEK CORDIALLY INVITE TO VISIT HIS NATIVE STATE AND COUNTY DURING THE PERIOD OF OCTOBER TWELFTH TO NINETEENTH NINETEEN HUNDRED AND T^VENTY-NINE AND TO PARTICIPATE IN HIS COUNTY CELEBRATION ON OCTOBER TWELFTH AND TO ATTEND THE DEDICATION OF THE NEW NORTH CAROLINA STATE FAIR DURING THE WEEK OF OCTOBER THIRTEENTH TO NINETEENTH 0. Max Gardner, Governor. SEAL JosEPUS Daniels, Vice-Chairvian. Many of the counties carried out in an admirable manner the wishes of the Central Committee relative to county celebrations. Some counties made feeble efforts and failed. More than one-half of the counties of the State made no effort whatsoever to hold a celebration. The Department of Conservation and Development secured by the various methods authorized by the Central Committee the mailing' list of approx-imately 13,000 names. To each person whose name appeared on the list was sent about six weeks in advance of the celebration an informal invi-tation. The informal invitation contained a message from Governor Gard-ner, a statement of the objectives for the Home-Coming celebration, and facts and figures showing something of the State's prosperity since 1900 and a statement relative to the Library Dedication at the University of North Carolina. The following program for Raleigh and vicinity was approved by the Central Committee on Home-Coming: Sunday : 8:30 p. m.—Services at the City Auditorium, Raleigh, sponsored by all of the churches of Raleigh; Speaker, Dr. Geo. W. Truette, President of the Southern Baptist Conference, and Pastor of the First Baptist Church, Dallas, Texas. Monday : Children's Day at State Fair 6:30 p. m.—Banquet in honor of distinguished Home-Comers by Raleigh Chamber of Commerce at Sir Walter Hotel. 12 Tuesday : 12:00—Address at State Fair grandstand by Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York. Governor Roosevelt will have an escort of honor from downtown to State Fair Grounds. Address will be broadcast by State WPTF. 7:30 p. m.—Gathering of Home-Comers and residents on Capitol Square for celebration of Light's Golden Jubilee. Flood lighting on Capitol will be inaugurated. Songs of other days by singers in Colonial costume. Music by student bands from University of North Carolina, State College, Duke, and Wake Forest. Address on Thomas Edison's genius by Josephus Daniels. Acceptance of lighting system by Governor Gardner and address by Governor Roosevelt. All talks will be brief. Program will be broadcast. 10; 00 p. m.—Dance by Spinx Club at Carolina Country Club. Wednesday : 12:00—Dedication of State Fair Buildings and Grounds by Governor 0. Max Gardner from stand in main building. Introduction of Governor by Miss Annie Cherry, President North Carolina Educational Association. 12:30 p. m.—Address by Hon. Joseph M. Dixon, Assistant Secretary of the Interior and a former United States Senator and Governor of Montana a native of Alamance County, from stand in main building. A guard of honor will escort speaker from Sir Walter Hotel to Fair Grounds. Address will be broadcast from Radio Station WPTF. Thursday Carolina Day at State Fair General Get-together of North Carolinians and Visitors at Fair Grouunds 2:00 p. m.—State College-Wake Forest football game at State College. Friday : Durham-Duke Day at Durham 1:30 p. m.—Guests meet at Washington Duke Hotel. 2:00 p. m.—Inspection of the Liggett and Myers Tobacco Factory plant (formerly W. Duke Sons & Company plant) where Piedmont and Chester-field cigarettes are manufactured. 3:00 p. m.—Assemble at the East Duke Building on the old campus for inspection of the new Duke University buildings. 4:00 p. m.—Tea and reception on the new Duke University Campus by Duke University until 5:00 p. m. 7:00 p. m.—Dinner in honor of the guests by the Durham County Alumni Association of the University of North Carolina in the main dining room of the Washington Duke Hotel. Membership courtesies of the Hope Valley Country Club, which includes the golf links, will be extended to visitors. Saturday : University of North Carolina Day, at Chapel Hill 11:00 a. m.—Dedication of new $625,000 Library Building by President H. W. Chase, Libarian R. L. Wilson and Committee of Trustees consist-ing of John Sprunt Hill, Chairman; Josephus Daniels; Former Governor A. W. McLean; Congressman Chas. A. Jones; and Rev. J. T. Mangum. 13 Andrew Keogh, President American Library Association, principal dedi-catory speaker. 2:00 p. m.—Carolina-Georgia football game at Kenan Stadium. 5:00 p. m.—Reception and open house at Library Building. 7:30 p. m.—Complimentary performance by the Carolina Play Makers. Saturday will be the initial day of meetings of the Conference of Ed-ucation in the South, the Southeastern Library Association, and the North Carolina Association at Chapel Hill. Home-Comers are requested to register at booth at State Fair where at-tendant will be on hand to give information and to extend courtesies to visitors. This program was carried out in detail. During the days on which the fair ground was open the Department of Conservation and Development maintained a registration booth in front of its exhibit in one of the exhibition halls on the fair grounds. The response on the part of former North Carolinians to requests to pay a visit to the home State was well worth the efforts and cost. The im-pression on former citizens of this State and people generally through the country was most favorable. "Down Homers", and others, felt that the State Government and the citizens of the "Old North State" had an interest in the welfai'e of those born here and now living elsewhere. Many of our own people here learned more of their own State and took great pride in telling the returned ones about it; all of which lent something to the strengthening of our State-gi'oup feeling. Recommendations: It is recommended that a similar celebration be held at the end of each five year period. The programs for future home-coming celebrations should be worked out in such a way that more responsibility can he placed on the counties of the State. The program for the first day or two of the celebration should be a county affair in its entirety. One of the methods by which proper sup-port can be received from the counties would be to have the invitations ex-tended from the Governor of North Carolina, the General Assembly of North Carolina, and from individual persons or central committees in the counties concerned. The formal invitation should be printed as was the case in 1929 by a duly authorized State agency and sent to the counties for distribution to persons who are interest in inviting some former North Carolinian to come to the State for the celebration. The third of the three parties in whose name the invitations ai-e extended should then be written in the blank space in the invitation before it is mailed to the former North Carolinian. Former Tar Heels are more interested in returning to their State if the invitations are sent directlj'^ from some person or group of persons at the old home. It is believed that if the invitations are sent from the residents of the former home counties of North Carolinians now living elsewhere that the response will be more spontaneous. 14 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS (Including Divisions of Commerce and Industry and Public Relations) BIENNIAL PERIOD ENDING JUNE 30, 1930 RECEIPTS 1928-29 1929-30 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 109-1 Burroughs Bookkeeping Machine. Salary, Head of Department . . Salaries and Wages Office Supplies Postage, tel. Exp. and Freight. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs General Expense Equipment Total Expenditures . Less Receipts Appropriation . 6,000.00 5,275.60 524.46 2,603.79 1,273.29 15,552.79 24.19 257.74 327.76 6,000.00 1,429.50 476.48 1,433.00 1,928.43 3,965.25 104.49 1,544.88 182.13 1,140.75 $ 31,839.62 620.65 $ 28,204.91 892 . 89 $ 31,218.97 15 DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Park Mathewson, Statistician and Assistant Director* Mrs. Elsie P. Dunn, Stenographer The death of Park Mathewson, Assistant Director and Statistician in charge of this Division, makes it impossible to render a complete account of the Division's activities during the biennium. Some of the projects launched by Mr. Mathewson were left uncompleted and others had been proposed but not yet defintely set under way. This report, because of the circumstances, will give only an outline and brief summary of the program and accomplishments of the Division. Where sufficient information cannot be obtained, it will set forth some of the items in outline form. "Resources and Industries" Perhaps the largest task of the biennium consisted of assembling, ar-ranging, and publishing "Resources and Industries," which is believed to be the most thorough inventory of resources and industries ever made in North Carolina. The publication contains almost 300 pages of tabulated statistics and discussions of raw materials and industries of the State. Its compilation is a result of more than a year of studies and field surveys in which all Divisions of the Department took a part and for which cooperation was obtained from a number of other State Departments. Charts, maps, and diagrams, used freely in the publication, picture graphically the present status and industrial growth of the State. They also designate various features of the development and the position of the commonwealth among other States. All illustrations shown in the volume were prepared especially for this use. An outstanding feature of the publication is the segregation of statistics by counties, together with a brief discussion of the natural resources and their development for every county. Each county section of the volume is accompanied by an outline map which shows its principal physical features and characteristics. The following outline gives an idea of the contents of the publication : Location Map of North Carolina. Foreward, Director. Table of Contents. Mr. Mathewson died June 3 while attending a national meeting of the Sons of the American Revolution at Asbury Park, N. J. He had held the office of Statistician and Assistant Director since the creation of the Division of Commerce and Industry in 1927. His work introduced a new feature of activity to the Department and what is believed to be a new angle to State governmental operation in the Nation. 16 PART ONE Chart, Trend Largest Industries, 1899-1928. Physical Divisions and Soils of North Carolina. Raw Materials: a. Minerals and Products. b. Forest Resources and Industries. Agriculture. Industries of the State : a. Water Resources and Power. b. Cotton, Textiles, Rayon. c. Tobacco and Its Products. d. Furniture Industry. e. Water Products; Fish and Shellfish. f. Resorts, Recretation, Game and Fish. g. Banks and Banking. Communications : a. North Carolina's Location and Communications. b. Highways of the State. c. Map; State Railways, Highways, Airways. d. Map; Passenger and Freight Motor Lines, Inland Waterway. Population, Labor, Wages. Wealth and Taxes. Opportunities in Industry. Statistics of all Industries of North Carolina. PART TWO Map of State, by Counties and Regions. Facts and Figures of the 100 Counties. Manufactures by Counties, for 1927. Detailed Data of Each of the 100 Counties. Board and Officials, Department Conservation and Development. Acknowledgements. Because of the size of the volume and the expense of printing, making a severe drain on the Department's limited printing fund and curtailing the issuance of other materials, it was found necessary to set a price on the publication, $1 being charged for the bound volume and 50c for the paper cover with 10c additional in each case for postage. This book has met a consistent demand from the State as well as from various agencies throughout the Nation which request detailed informa-tion regarding the State, its resources, and their development. Through the cooperation of the Department of Education, "Resources and Indus-tries" has been placed in virtually every public school library in North Car-olina, and has been adopted as a text book by classes at several colleges in 17 the State. Repeat orders for the book from colleges show the large extent to which it has. been put to practical service. Colleges and institutions throughout the nation have placed the volume in their libraries and re-search files. Plans have been made to revise the publication with latest figures available as often as conditions warrant and as funds are obtained for the purpose. Census of Manufactures The Department of Conservation and Development was granted special permission by the U. S. Bureau of the Census in 1928 to take the regular biennial census of manufactures, the second State to be accorded this priv-ilege, and consequently the Statistician of the Department was sworn in as a special agent of the Census Bureau to supervise the enumeration. Fred. W. Coil, agent of the Federal Bureau, was assigned to have active charge of the work and to direct a clerical force supplied by the State. This arrangement proved highly effective and thoroughly satisfactory to the Department, and it is believed that the results were pleasing to the Federal Bureau. As a result. North Carolina was the first State in the Nation to know definitely its industrial status in regard to output of fac-tories and mills, the number of establishments, number of wage earners, amount of wages and other features of its industrial life for the year 1927. These totals were known and used in North Carolina months in advance of their availibility in other States and almost a year before they could have been supplied had this State waited the tabulation of figures for the entire Nation. Taking of the census allowed the Department to tabulate totals by counties in which form they had not heretofore been available. It also provided a copy of every schedule for the files of the Department which have been useful in special surveys, studies, and enumerations. Consider-ing the expense and effort expended, it is believed that North Carolina profited from the arrangement and that it should be continued if funds can be found available for the purpose. Flow of Goods Survey Newest of the statistical features and studies of the Division of Com-merce and Industry and perhaps an innovation for any State agency was a study during the biennium of the flow of goods into North Carolina for use in manufacturing processes, preliminary figures of which were an-nounced shortly before the close of this report period. The survey was undertaken for the purpose of showing the degree to which this State furnishes raw or partly processed materials for its own factories and mills and the classes and costs of these goods. This informa-tion, it is believed, will call attention to the local demand for additional products and lead the way to the development of new industries that will help to supply the needs pointed out in the survey. Available figures from the survey show that 532 of approximately 3,000 of the principal manufacturing establishments of the State purchased else-where and brought into the State some $49,000,000 worth of materials and supplies in one year. Taking this as a cross-section of the manufacturing 18 establishments of North Carolina, it was estimated that the total of goods purchased in other States by North Carolina manufacturers amounts to between $150,000,000 and $200,000,000 annually. A tabulation of the returns from the survey shows total values in classi-fications ranging from $10,000 to $16,000,000. Many of the articles, it is believed, can be produced as cheaply in North Carolina as elsewhere and they suggest possible opportunities for expanding the industries of the State. Further detailed study of the returns from the survey is believed to have possibilities of offering further helpful suggestions to the industrial life of the State. The Federal government, as part of the decennial census, in 1930 is under-taking a census of distribution which will go more deeply into problems of distribution than the State study contemplated. These surveys pioneer the way for further consideration of distribution which may help to bring about more efficient operation of industry and a saving in cost to the con-sumer. Miscellaneous Activities Other items to which time and consideration have been given by the Division of Commerce and Industry include the following: 1. A fourth edition of "Facts and Figures", a digest of outstanding points about North Carolina, was issued. This leaflet shows the position which the State enjoys in comparison with others, particularly those lines in which the State leads or excels. The leaflet has proved to be one of the most popular of all of the publications issued by the Department, being greatly in demand by schools and as a general advertising medium for those living elsewhere who are interes'ted in the State as a prospective home or location for industry. 2. Assisted in laying the foundation for an organization of States of the Southeast along lines similar to that followed by the New England Council which has proved to be an important factor in the life of that section of the counti-y. Such an organization in the Southeast, it is be-lieved, would recognize the fact that many of the economic problems of the section are not confined strictly to State lines but are sectional in character and their solution will require concerted action on the part of various com-monwealths aff'ected. Governor O. Max Gardner called a preliminary conference at Asheville on April 28 to consider the feasibility of forming such an organization of States of the Southeast. A resolution to proceed with a permanent or-ganization was unanimously adopted and delegates to the meeting reflected considerable enthusiasm for the proposed organization. 3. This Division has cooperated with other agencies of the State in seeking to obtain the elimination of discriminatory freight rates that burden North Carolina shippers. The Division head attended hearings on this subject and has extended cooperation in every practical manner within his province. 4. Launched a program to show opportunity for expanding the alum-inum ware industry in North Carolina. Attention was called to the fact 19 that although this State is one of the largest producers of pig aluminum in the Nation, none of the material is manufactured into finished ware here. 5. Assembled figures on the tax and debt situation in various counties for use in promoting the industrial development of the State. 6. Promoted the report of monthly statistics by North Carolina mer-chants in order that they might have advantages of this service off"ered by the Federal Reserve Bank of the Fifth District in which the State is sit-uated. This service gives a regular periodical index of trade conditions, enabling cooperating merchants to compare their sales with those in other cities and States and to plan their buying program in accordance with in-formation gained thereby as well as providing other useful trade informa-tion. Largely through efforts from this Division, merchantile firms from Ashe-ville, Durham, Charlotte, Raleigh, Winston-Salem, Burlington, Salisbury, Lexington, and Gastonia, were induced to begin this service. 7. Continued service as Trade Secretary of the U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. This consists largely of a close contact with business and industry for distributing the varied trade information of-fered by the Federal Bureau. Not only does the Bureau assist American firms actively to expand their foreign markets by keeping them informed of the trends and conditions, but it carries out varied studies and researches for the purpose of accomplishing economies and increasing efliiciency in trade. Being a rapidly growing industrial State, it is important that North Carolina's marketing facilities be studied and expanded to meet current demands if progress is to continue. 8. Close contacts were maintained with the various local Chambers of Commerce and industrial bureaus of the State. This Division has served as a clearing house for State-wide information, and has undertaken to the extent of its facilities, the collection and consoHdation of local information upon request. The Division has lent special assistance when called upon in helping to land new industries for various localities. 9. Assistance was given by the Division in efforts to obtain a 30-foot channel for Wilmington through the preparation of a brief which involved exhaustive studies. Similar information was assembled to promote the de-velopment of a harbor at Beaufort. 10. The Division has acted as a statistical gathering and collating agency to meet special requests for information regarding North Carolina. Statistics on the State have been furnished to magazines for feature ar-ticles, to research agencies, and to advertising agencies having contracts in North Carolina. Considerable work is also done to meet individual re-quests for information and statistics. 20 DIVISION OF FORESTRY J. S. Holmes, State Forester Chas. H. Flory, Assistant Forester F. H. Claridge, Assistant Forester Grace White, Accounting Clerk-Stenographer Elsie Hobby, Stenographer Annie Ramsey, Stenograjjher Mabel Duke, Stenographer Mrs. Mary P. Phillips, Stenographer The conservation of the forest resources of the State for the economic and social welfare of our present and future citizens is no mean job. It in-volves the question as to what is the best use of the land and the relation of foxiest areas to the soils, waters and wild life of the State and deals with the human uses of such areas. The prevention and suppression of forest fires is still the largest part of the work of the Forestry Division, not only because of its supreme im-portance, but also because nearly 80 per cent of the total budget of the Division is given specifically for this purpose. It is, however, impossible to consider one feature of the work as separate from the rest. The dis-tribution of planting stock stimulates public interest in forest protection, and recreational and scenic areas must be protected from fire. The ed-ucational work carried on by the whole Division, not only gradually brings about a State-wide forest mindedness, but cultivates a broad appreciation of the interdependence of humanity and all other living things. FOREST FIRE CONTROL Personnel. There has been little change in personnel during the past eighteen months, most of the changes listed below having taken place in the first half year of this biennium. W. A. Peterson who was acting as special agent on the timber resource study for the Division, was appointed District Forester in charge of District No. 3, headquarters at Fayetteville, July 20, 1928. W. L. Nothstein, also acting as special agent on the timber study, was appointed Junior Forester in charge of visual education on September 7, 1928. Nothstein was later promoted to the rank of District Forester in charge of District No. 2, headquarters at Lenoir, on January 28, 1929. A. D. Folweiler, formerly with the U. S. Forest Service at Asheville, was appointed as District Forester in District No. 2 on August 8, 1928, to fill the vacancy made by the resignation of H. M. Sebring. Folweiler was transferred as District Forester to District No. 4, headquarters at New Bern, on January 28, 1929, to fill a vacancy left by E. M. Eutsler. E. M. Eutsler, District Forester in District No. 4, since June, 1928, re-signed December 7, 1928. 21 W. C. Hammerle, formerly a senior ranger on the Cherokee National Forest, was appointed District Forester in the newly created District No. 6, with headquarters at Wilmington, on July 1, 1929. E. P. Simmons, Chief Warden in District No. 4, headquarters New Bern, resigned August 20, 1928, to take up work with the American Forestry Association. F. L. Hooker, County Warden of Craven County, was promoted in Aug-ust, 1928, to the rank of Chief Warden in District No. 4. H. R. Miller, County Warden of Hertford County, was promoted to the rank of Chief Warden in District No. 5, headquarters at Windsor, on a part time basis on August 1, 1928. He was placed on full time duty on July 1, 1929, when a total of eight cooperating counties were had in the District. C. H. Hearn, Chief Warden in District No. 3, was transferred to take charge of the motion picture truck, on February 1, 1929. T. R. McMillan, County Warden of Duplin County, was promoted to the grade of Chief Warden in District No. 3, headquarters at Fayetteville, on February 1, 1929. Mary L. Waters, Clerk in District No. 4 office, resigned May 1, 1929. She was succeeded by Annie K. Cook on the date of May 15, 1929. Mable C. Duke was transferred from the Division of Commerce and In-dustry to the Forest Fire Control branch on July 11, 1929, when the new District No. 6 office opened, and a number of new cooperating counties were added. T. C. Evans, a graduate of the 1930 forestry class at North Carolina State College has been given temporary employment as construction fore-man on improvements beginning June 15, 1930. The immense turnover in personnel during the summer of 1928 was finally adjusted near the end of that year. There seems no doubt that this frequent turnover is largely due to the low rate of salaries paid technical men in this State. Of the ten technical men and one non-technical man who left the service during the past four and a half years, nine of them did so at considerable increases in salary. Workman's Compensation. One of the most important questions in re-lation to the personnel of the Forestry Division is the rating of each class of employees under the Workman's Compensation Law of 1929. Although State departments are held responsible for compensation under the law just as corporations and firms are, no provision has been made in the budget for paying the awards of the Industrial Commission. This should be provided under a contingent item or an emergency allotment. The question has come up this past spring as to whether a fire fighter properly summond is a State employee under the meaning of the act. The Commission and the Attorney General differ on this question and compensa-tion awarded by the former for the loss of an eye while fighting fire has been held up until the case can be reviewed by the Superior Court, and, probably, by the Supreme Court. Cooperation, a. Federal. Under Section 2 of the Clark-McNary Law, the Department received financial assistance from the Federal government 22 in forest fire control during the fiscal year 1928-29 in the amount of $41,438, and during the 1929-30 fiscal year, $44,757, a total increase of $10,757 over the last biennium. North Carolina receives more Federal money for this pur-pose than any other Southern State and at the present time receives the tenth largest allotment of the thirty-nine states that qualify. Beginning with the 1930-31 fiscal year, the new classification of allotments becomes effective which will give a further increase provided this can be matched from other funds. b. State. The people of North Carolina have not yet realized the im-portance, magnitude or permanence of this State job of protecting from fire the twenty-million acre tree crop so that its owners can reasonably expect revenue from every acre. During the 1928-29 fiscal year a State ap-propriation of only $29,374 was received. For the 1929-30 fiscal year $12,031 was allotted from the $30,000 total State appropriation for forestry; but the appropriation bill also provided for a transfer of $42,020 of game funds to forest fire control which brought up the State's part of the total fire con-trol fund to $54,051.. This remaining part of the total budget figure of $136,864 was contributed by the various cooperating agencies. c. Special State Approlyriation. (Great Smoky Mountains National Park.) A special State appropriation of $4,500 for fire protection on the lands of the proposed Great Smoky Mountains National Park was given for the 1929-31 biennium, $3,000 of which was to be used for the 1929-30 fiscal year and $1,300 for the 1930-31 fiscal year. Protection of these lands be-gan in the spring of 1929 when $650 was advanced by the North Carolina Park Commission to be utilized during that spring fire season. Due to the severity of the spring fire season of 1930, this allotment of $3,000 was slightly overdrawn, but the balance remaining will probably be sufficient to carry the work through the first six months period of the 1930-31 fiscal year, during which time it is expected that the Federal government will assume protection of these lands. Ten patrolmen were on duty during the spring of 1930. d. County Cooperation. County cooperation increased from thirty-one counties in the 1927-28 fiscal year to thirty-eight counties in the 1928-29 fiscal year and forty-four counties in 1929-30. The total allotments from these counties increased from $21,600 during 1927-28 to $24,050 in 1928-29 and $30,625 (budget estimate) in 1929-30. Allotments from counties are now considerably larger than in past years, yet the majority of the counties still provide an insufficient amount to properly carry on the work in the county. In requesting these allotments from counties, they are now estimated on the basis of forest land to be protected and the hazard presented rather than the county's ability to pay. All contracts are on a "fifty-fifty" basis, the fiscal year corresponding to the State's, and counties cannot withdraw their cooperation during the period of the fiscal year. The following table shows the cooperating counties together with the amounts provided during the biennium. Counties Appropria-tions F. Y. 192S-29 Appropria-tions F. Y. 1929-30 Alexander. . . Avery Beaufort .... Bertie Brunswick . . . Buncombe . . . Burke Caldwell Columbus. . . Craven Cumberland . . Chowan Duplin Edgecombe. . Greene HaUfax Harnett Haywood Henderson . . . . Hertford Hoke Jackson Lee Lenoir Macon McDowell . . . . Madison Montgomery . . Moore New Hanover. Northampton . Pitt Polk Richmond .... Robeson Rutherford . . . Scotland Surry Swain Transylvania . . Warren Washington . . . Wayne Wilkes Wilson Yancey 200* 300 800 1,000 1,000 360 650 l,900t 750 300 1,200 500 600 500 400 300 500 400 500 300 1,100 400 700 500 750 300 .^00 7.50 300 1,200 GOO 500 500 500 400 1,000 500 500 300 S 350 300 1,250 800 1,000 1,000 400 750 2,000 1,000 750 300 500 500 600 654 400 350 500 500 500 375 600 200* 700 500 750 800 750 500 750 300 750 1,200 600 500 500 500 500 600 1,000 500 650 300 Part year. tincludes $750 for tower. 24 e. Private Cooperation. At the close of the biennium sixty companies, firms, and individuals formed into thirteen associations were paying an as-sessment rate of from 1 cent to 2^/^ cents per acre for special fire protection on their holdings which total 319,163 acres. One association began its work with an assessment rate of 5 cents per acre in order to immediately provide for improvements necessary for intensive protection. At the close of the biennium total private association assessments amounted to $4,989. Ex-cellent results have been obtained on these areas proving the feasibility of continuing and expanding this form of cooperation. The proposed Dismal Swamp Association in the Northeastern part of the State as well as a pro-posed 40,000 acre association in Wilkes County had to be continued for further action until additional State funds became available to match the cooperators' funds. With little additional work the areas of private lands under this form of protection could be greatly expanded. The following statement gives the names of the organizations cooperating with the State Forest Service on June 30, 1930, together with the rate of assessment, the counties in which the lands lie, the names of the land owners and the number of acres listed under the protection agreement by each owner. FOREST PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS Name and Assessment Rate Counties Individuals Acreage Chemical Wood Corporation, 2c Elk Creek Protective Ass'n, Ic South Mountain Association, Ic Avery and Mitchell Watauga, Wilkes and Caldwell Burke, McDowell and Rutherford Table Rook Protective Ass'n, Ic Moore Protective Ass'n, 2c Burke Moore Chemical Wood Corporation Elk Creek Lumber Company Wright-Bachman Lbr. Co C. M. Benedict Hutton-Bourbonnais Lbr. Co Town of Morganton Virginia Greyson Realty Loan & Guaranty Co South Mountain Development Co.. North Carolina School for Deaf . . . State Hospital F. W. Hossfield MuU-McGimpsey D. E. Latham Holston Corporation Packer and Harrison Ralph W. Page L. L. Biddle Augustine Healy Pinehurst, Inc Pine Needles Inn Midland Farms M. W. Marr M. C. McDonald H. C. Buchanan Geo. P. Hawea 3,000 40,000 20,000 470 13,601 3,000 407 2,150 1,100 513 2,000 1,400 500 640 2,767 25,900 350 111 280 3,705 531 837 500 1,500 2,000 50 25 FOREST PROTECTIVE ASSSOCIATION—CoreKnued Name Overhilla Protective Asa'n, Ic Craven Protective Asa'n, 2c Serp 11 Timber Corp., 1 3^o Camp Mfg. Co., Ic Camp Mfg. Co., Ic Foreman-Bladrs Lbr. Co., Ic Cooper River Timber Co., 2c Waccamaw Prot. Asa'n, 2 ' ic Counties Harnett Craven Carteret Bertie Hertford, Gates Bertie Pender Bladen and Columbus Individuals Knollwood Inc Frank Maples Pinewild Farm Moore Co., Inc S. B. Chapin V. Z. Reed James Barker Mid Pines Country Club Mrs. E. C. Bliss Judge W. A. Way D. J. Ross Paul Dana Marr Farms W. M. Hutt Samuel G. Allen John Powell Miss Alice Presbrey Never Fail Farm Alex Sprunt Ovcrhills Land Co Van Lindley Nursery. . . Neuse Lumber Co Empire Mfg. Co Pine Lumber Co Rowland Lumber Co. . . . Serpell Timber Corp. . . . Camp Mfg. Co Camp Mfg. Co Foreman-Blades Lbr. Co. Cooper River Timber Co Waccamaw Lumber Co . Eric Norden K. Clyde Council Cooper River Timber Co Acreage 1,000 50 1,750 2S0 800 378 2,000 180 150 450 425 250 500 75 50 126 70 5,000 0,000 30,000 1,340 835 4,973 17,600 2,000 6,600 19,952 25,507 23,819 10,280 4,000 5,000 4,404 16,007 /. Cooperation WitKin the Department. Cooperation with the Game and Fish Divisions has developed during the biennium. Of the total of thirty-nine counties cooperating in fire control at the end of the 1928-29 fiscal year, twenty-five of the county wardens were combined game, fish and forest wardens, and at the end of the 1929-30 fiscal year, of the forty-four counties cooperating, thirty-five of the county wardens held these com-bined appointments. This assured full time service from these men re-sulting in higher efficiency and greater economy. In addition to the com-bined wardens, one District Forester is temporarily serving as a district 26 game and fish warden and two chief forest wardens and one county forest warden also serve as district game and fish wardens. g. Railroad Cooperation. All the major railroads in the State as well as some smaller ones are cooperating in fire control work to the extent of burning rights-of-way and giving closer inspection to spark arresters and ashpans and instructing their employees in care with fire. Every railroad billed for suppression costs of fires for which they are held responsible has paid these costs during the past year. There is much to be done, however, in the way of instructing track foremen in the proper methods of right-of-way burning and to have closer and better inspection given to spark ar-resters and ashpans. Conferences are being planned with all the larger railroads to secure their closer cooperation in proper fire control measures. Progress in Protection. The following chart shows the progress made during the two fiscal years compared with two previous bienniums. PROGRESS CHART June 30, 1925 June 30, 1927 June 30, 1929 June 30, 1930 District Foresters (Number) 4 5 4 25 550 2,800 5 5 42 886 3,541 2,053 6 Chief Wardens (Number) 6 County Forest Wardens (Number) District Forest Wardens (Number) Deputy Forest Wardens (Number) Minute Men (Number) 20 261 1,530 45 1,115 4,071 2,299 Total Forest Wardens and Minute Men .... 1,815 3,384 6,532 7,541 Counties Coop-Crating (Number) 25 5 6,729,802 26 21 6,995,038 38 55 8,675,030 44 Private Timberland Owners Cooperating (Number) 60 Forest Land Under State Protection 10,067,763 1 9,827 14,600 2,410 16,990 24,050 3,581 29,374 30,625 Appropriations by Private Owners 4,989 Appropriations by State: 18,682 12,031 , 42,020 Special for Smoky Mountains Parlv 558 41,438 2,442 Appropriation by Federal Government 19,875 34,000 44,757 % 48,384 $ 68,000 $ 99,001* $ 136 864 *Budget figure plus S558 for Smoky Mountains Park protection. Equipment and ImjDrovements. a. Fire Fighting Equipment. Non-expendible fire fighting equipment purchased and distributed to the warden organization during the period of this report includes 1,640 fire rakes, 1,414 knapsack pumps, 349 brush hooks, one gross fussees, 8 lanterns, 102 buckets, 195 fire swatters, and 12 trailers. The trailers are equipped with stake bodies for transporting equipment, fair material, etc., as well as tanks for water. 27 The major portion of the fire fighting equipment is now being purchased with cooperative money and supplemented by purchases from State funds; and an approach is being made to adequately equip field forces. Most purchases are made from unexpended balances remaining at the end of the fiscal year so that no handicap is placed on the fire prevention activities. During the fall period of 1928, a recently patented machine designed for brushing a fire line was tested out in Columbus County to determine its merits for use in this State. The machine did not prove satisfactory. Two recently improved back-fire torches designed by the Houck Manufac-turing Company and a similar torch manufactured by the Aeriel Torch Company were tested and while all three of these torches were approved, lack of funds prevents their purchase at the present time. They are, how-ever, highly recommended for use in burning fire lines and safety strips and should be a part of all railroad right-of-way burning equipment. The fire swatter listed above has been put on the market by the Council Tool Company, a North Carolina firm. This tool, which has been given wide use in the Gulf States, will be adopted as standard fire fighting equipment with us. 6. Lookout Towers. period as follows: Ten steel lookout towers were erected during this LOOKOUT TOWERS Name Hfight No. Ft. County Location Horse Ridge 35 80 100 93 35 35 47 100 93 100 Burke Pembroke Robeson Craven Columbus Croatan Waccamaw Duggar On Duggar Mountain near Penley Buncombe WUkos Robeson Hertford Brunswick All of the above are inside-stairway type towers except Duggar wRich is an inside-ladder type. All towers erected during the period of this report were purchased from the funds of cooperating units. There are now twenty towers in the detection system consisting of one stone, three wood and sixteen steel towers, all of which are considered as primary stations in the proposed system of one hundred and twenty-five towers. In ad-dition to the above, through cooperation with the Pisgah National Forest, a lookout has been placed on Table Rock where no tower has been neces-sary. A cabin has been erected at the base of the Rock for the shelter of the observer. A wooden cabin has also been built at the base of the Horse Ridge tower for the same purpose. Lack of funds to erect sufficient towers necessitates the use of existing structures for lookout purposes and the following stations were manned 28 during the 1930 spring fire season in addition to the twenty lookout towers : Carolina Hotel, Pinehurst; State Sanatorium, Hoke County; North Caro-lina Bank and Trust Company's Building, Wilmington; Wayne National Bank Building, Goldsboro, and the First National Bank Building in Wilson. A temporary map stand worked up by D-4 is being used on the buildings that are serving as temporary lookout points. A budget ruling preventing the transfer of money from "Personal Serv-ices" to "Equipment" under the Cooperative item has prevented the pur-chase of a 100-foot steel lookout tower from the unexpended balances re-maining in Columbus County at the close of the 1929-30 fiscal year. This tower will be purchased and erected immediately after July 1, 1930. A number of companies manufacturing steel lookout towers were in-terested in supplying our needs so tower bids from five of these companies were asked in January, 1929. One North Carolina bid and four bids from outside of the State were received, the Aermotor Company of Chicago under-bidding all other manufacturers. Their three types of steel towers have been adopted as standard. c. Telephone Lines. During the period of this report, a total of 64.26 miles of telephone line was constructed, consisting of 28.1 miles of ground circuit line and 36.16 miles of metallic circuit. There are now in the tele-phone system under State control 89.73 miles of metallic circuit line and 35.85 miles of ground circuit line, a total of 125.58 miles. All telephone lines are constructed with the intention of tying in lookout towers with the District offices and with the warden organization. Six miles of ground circuit line were constructed by the U. S. Forest Service from Jonas Ridge to Table Rock lookout in Burke County. This line will be maintained by us. Poles have been set for two miles of metallic circuit line to connect the Pembroke tower with the local telephone company in Pembroke, Robeson County. Construction is also going ahead at the present time on nine miles of ground circuit line to connect Table Rock lookout with District Warden Beck in Burke County and plans are completed to build two ad-ditional spur lines of sixteen miles from the Elk Creek telephone system in connection with Duggar Mountain tower. Considerable additional tele-phone line work will be required during the next six months period. Prevention Publicity, a. Motion Pictures. To broaden out prevention activities, a complete portable motion picture outfit was purchased in Sep-tember, 1928, to tour the State and give motion pictures, illustrated talks and lectures to school children, camps, civic clubs, fairs, expositions or any meeting where sufficient people could be gathered together to be interested in the project. In addition to the truck the outfit included a 1,000 SVE Acme Projector, a Kohler Model 15-watt generator, a slide projector, a 10x12 foot rubber screen and a 4x5 foot daylight screen. Twelve reels of forestry mo-tion pictures showing forests and wild life were included. Camping equip-ment including a cot, mattress, blanket and cooking utensils form a neces-sary part of this outfit. The purchase of the truck and equipment was made in connection with the purchase of five similar units outfited by the American Forestry As-sociation at Atlanta. The whole of this equipment when completed cost 29 $4,665.12 and was purchased at a saving of approximately 30 per cent of the local prices. A technically trained forester was at first employed to operate the project, but he was later replaced by a local man. After the Game Division made us its five-reel game and fish picture which has been continually used in the project, it shared with the Forestry Division the payment of this man's salary. The outfit was first of all placed on a fair schedule and attended ten fairs principally in the eastern part of the State during Sep-tember and October of 1928, as well as during the fall months of 1929. On November 10, 1928, the school showings were started in District No. 1, the unit operating six days to the week from that date to the present time except during an influenza epidemic in January, 1929, when the schools in the western part of the State were closed. The educational truck from its beginning to the date of June 15, 1930, covered 58 counties, gave 449 shows ^vith a total attendance of 110,498, of which 49,111 were adults and 61,387 were children. In addition 27 talks and lectures were given on occasions when it was not possible to show the pictures. Counties cooperating in forest fire control were first given attention, but in the past six months counties have been visited in the order of minimum travel. It is intended that the project shall cover all the larger rural schools of the State and it is expected that the program will extend well into 1932. Much favorable comment has reached the central office on the influence of this project and its cost has been well worth while. An auxiliary motor picture outfit, consisting of a DeVry projector. Homo-lite generator, and a complete set of films is also available and has been used for more intensified work and to take care of local showings in smaller schools not covered by the truck project. The outfit has been used in all Districts during the period of this report with highly satisfactory results. A new forestry picture, "Friends of Man" was made in connection with the motion picture project. It was found that very few forestry pictures available for showing, gave true southern conditions. It was therefore de-cided to make a picture of three or four reels dealing primarily with forest conditions in the Coastal Plain section of Noi-th Carolina and equally ap-plicable to similar conditions in the southeast and Gulf States. The matter was accordingly taken up with the U. S. Forest Service and in the fall of 1928 a scenario for the picture was worked up. The Office of Motion Pic-tures, U. S. Department of Agriculture, supervised the taking of the film, the work on which began on March 22 and ended on April 14, 1929. One professional actor was hired and another actor was brought from the Ar-kansas National Forest, the remainder of the characters used being from Wilmington. The thanks of this Department are due Mrs. Hugh MacRae and other members of the Little Theatre Guild of Wilmington for their deep interest and invaluable help in staging the picture which was made largely in New Hanover County. The American Forestry Association co-operated financially to the amount of $500 and this Department's expenses amounted to $523. The U. S. Department of Agriculture furnished all technical men, camera equipment and supplies, directed the field work and developed and assembled the picture. The completed four-reel picture be-came available in January, 1930, and is now being used throughout the 30 State. A number of Southern States have purchased copies of the picture as well as some of the Northern and Northwestern States. Mr. Flory closely supervised the production of this picture and was untiring in- his efforts to bi'ing the parties together and make a success of this all North Carolina movie. The West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company very courteously presented the Department with a copy of a one-reel picture "When Trees Talk" made by them. This interesting picture is being used at the present time on the educational truck. b. Fair and Other Exhibits. During the biennium, two portable ex-hibits were used in the eastern and western parts of the State which cov-ered a total of forty-four fairs, consisting of two exhibits at tht State fair in 1928-29, the Industrial Exposition in the spring of 1929, one exhibit at the Eastern Carolina Chamber of Commerce Exposition at Farmville, two exhibits at the North Carolina Forestry Association meeting at Goldsboro and Asheville, thirty-four county fairs, and floats placed in two parades in connection with the Feast of the Pirates at Wilmington and the historic pageant at New Bern. It is estimated that between 650,000 and 700,000 people saw these fair exhibits, and no doubt many additional people were reached by the forty-five thousand pieces of printed matter distributed at the exhibit booths. Owing to the fact that practically all of the material which we now have has been exhibited at the regular schedule of fairs, it is necessary that a complete revision of the material be made before the fall season of 1930. The educational truck followed as many of the fairs as possible and assisted in setting up the exhibits and dismantling them, the operator showing mo-tion pictures and having general charge of those exhibits which he attended. The most outstanding exhibits were placed at the State Fair in 1928 and 1929 where 60 feet of frontage space was had for all the Department's ex-hibits as well as an outside display of game and fish exhibits. c. Posters, Sigtis, Patwphlets, etc. There were purchased or obtained during the period of this report and distributed throughout the organized districts: 1,500 fire prevention posters, 40,000 forest fire law pamphlets, 19,000 U. S. Forest Service pamphlets and circulars, 4,000 book marks, 2,000 handbills to advertise motion picture shows, and 10,000 forest fire and game stickers. There were also prepared and erected 2,000 warden steel flange signs, 4,000 signs warning against destruction of posters, 136 county boundary shield signs, 10 tower direction signs, and 16 tower name signs. d. Press. The increasing cooperation of the State press is one of the most encouraging features of the fire prevention work. Articles from the central office and district offices are accepted and widely used. This is one of the most important activities carried on by the office and field force. The district foresters report the finest cooperation from the newspapers circulating in their respective districts. e. "The Forest Warden." Eight quarterly issues of this publication of the Division devoted to forest fire prevention were distributed during the period. The 1929 issues consisted of 4,500 copies and the 1930 issues com- 31 prised 5,500 copies each. This publication goes to all county commissioners, district and county forest wardens, the forestry exchanges, daily news-papers, lumber companies, etc. There is much to be said in favor of en-larging this publication to eight pages. Warden and Other Meetings. On August 27-29, 1929, a forest fire con-trol conference was held at Beaufort, N. C. Twenty-six people including foresters from surrounding states and from the U. S. Forest Service at-tended the meeting. The session included talks by visiting foresters as well as a complete presentation of papers by the district foresters and chief wardens dealing with fire control activities in the State. In the 1928-29 fiscal year, thirty-six warden meetings were held, and in the 1929-30 fiscal year, forty-one warden meetings were held. These are primarily schools of instruction for the wardens in cooperating counties and an attempt is made to hold one meeting in each county annually. Ow-ing to the expense involved in holding these meetings, only the district wardens are required to attend. In addition to these meetings, the county wardens of each district are now being brought together at least once a year to be completely instructed as to their duties and activities. The following other meetings were attended: East Tennessee District Patrolmen Conference in Knoxville, annual meeting of the American For-estry Association at Jacksonville, Florida, and the Southern Forestry Con-gress at Memphis, Tennessee. No record is attempted here for such meet-tings as schools, civic clubs and other organizations covered by the field and central office forces. Fire Occurrences and Statistics. Fire control results during the 1928-29 fiscal year were more gratifying than usual. Weather conditions were favorable during practically the whole of the fire season months. During the spring season scattered fires occurred through January and February, though the worst fire period occurred in March and the first half of April. Two peaks in the occurrence of fires were reached on March 7 and 28 and four less important peaks occurred on April 2, 3, 6, and 9. The dangerous spring season closed quite abruptly on April 13. The western districts experienced but one bad peak in the occurrence of fires on April 9, the sea-son ending abruptly on April 21. The 1929 fall fire season was even more favorable than the 1928. With considerably more area under protection, the number of fires reported dropped from 200 to 180. The western district experienced an exceptionally favorable season, the number of fires being reduced to thirty-three, the low-est figure reported in years. Heavy and well distributed rains during the fall season were of great assistance in holding down the fire danger. The 1930 spring season compares with the 1926 season, being one of the worst fire seasons experienced in the past fourteen years. At the close of the period precipitation for the State was below normal for seven con-secutive months, the drought in some sections being critical. Fire hazards increased tremendously with the drought, fires being reported from the second day of January through the whole of the spring season. Both the mountain and eastern districts suifered particularly heavy fire losses in February, March and April. There were 2,784 fires reported from the cooperating units, which burned over a total of 227,577 acres with an es-timated damage of $386,628. The whole field force directed their atten-tion to fire suppression work and the central ofiice force was greatly handi-capped with the flood of fire reports requiring payment. The following is a summary of fire statistics, law enforcement and other activities for the four fiscal years ending June 30, 1930: FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR COOPERATING COUNTIES—BY FISCAL YEARS 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 Number of Fires by Classes: A—Under ]4, acre B — }4, to 10 acres C—10 to 100 acres D—100 to 600 Acres E—Over 500 acres Total Causes of Fires: Brush burning Hunters, fishermen and campers Railroads Lumbering Incendiary Smokers Lightning Miscellaneous. Unknown Total Area Burned—Acres: Merchantable timber Reproduction Open grass land Total Average area per fire—acres Damage: Merchantable timber Reproduction Other Total Average damage per fire Total fire fighting costs Average fire fighting costs per fire . Law Enforcement : Number of prosecutions Number of convictions Number of acquittals, etc Fines and costs 19 401 345 75 1,091 203 120 77 73 134 113 20 101 250 1,091 112,249 158,874 34,457 305,580 280 285,765 296,607 36,929 $ 619,301 $ 567 $ 19,814 $ 18.16 93 57 29 1,134 58 425 487 156 19 1,145 266 138 76 33 173 174 4 128 153 1,145 24,035 40,787 11,767 76,589 67 38,072 78,103 15,665 48 486 560 142 22 1,258 257 111 80 58 202 232 5 103 210 1,258 23,343 60,548 8,773 92,664 74 47,253 94,881 15,477 131,840 115 10,925 9.54 157 111 46 2,144 $ 157,611 S 125 % 12,818 $ 10.20 73 52 19 757 51 973 1,487 402 51 2,964 570 176 125 92 743 498 10 276 474 2,964 47,867 1.50,627 36,511 235,005 79 108,861 259,143 29,544 397,548 134 26,239 8.85 203 44 57 2,362 33 FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR COOPERATING COUNTIES—BY FISCAL YEARS—Cont 1927-2S 1928-29 1929-30 Responsible Parties Apprehended: Number of parties billed Number making payment Amount received Cost Paid by Landowners: Number of parties billed Number making payment Amount received Volunteer Time: Number of men Value of time given (20c per hour) Warden Activities: Number of hours worked Mileage, car and on foot Number of notices posted Number of people interviewed Number of sawmills inspected Number of schools and meetings visited 139 93 1,198 17 15 942 4,841 6,294 12,587 62,565 10,732 18,747 469 572 275 208 2,300 3,064 2,424 34,307 82,792 10.624 24,910 746 975 161 146 1,476 2,640 2,096 44 , 394 195,029 11,407 56,214 893 1,160 534 445 4,095 56 35 333 4,356 3,263 113,578 345,797 18,737 86,380 1,507 2,057 FOREST PLANTING Forest planting as a part of the forestry program of the States has two main functions: (1) the restoration of deforested or otherwise unproduc-tive land to a state of profitable productivity; and (2) the education of the people, both old and young, by practical demonstration of the value of forest protection by stimulating their interest in the growing tree. At the present time this educational value is of first importance in North Carolina. The policy of distributing forest tree seedlings to land owners at ap-proximate cost of production has been working well. In spite of the scarcity of money, applications have increased in number and size. During the fiscal year of 1929-30 the distribution exceeded that of the previous year by some 20,000 seedlings. But what is of more interest is that the number of individuals, schools and organizations applying for seedlings more than quadrupled over the previous year. This shows a more widespread interest in the work and in the long run will have a bet-ter educational effect than if a few cooperators took a much larger number of seedlings. The total distribution for this biennium summarized below is very nearly three times as large as for the previous biennium. The plan to supply schools with seedlings free of cost in order to start small demonstration plantations inaugurated in the spring of 1928 has been continued. The interest in this project has made it desirable to increase the maximum number of trees allowed one school from 500 to 1,000. Dur-ing the biennium some ninety-eight schools took and planted 35,366 seed-lings. This policy of distribution to schools, endorsed by a number of school principals, will be continued, and increased efforts to make inspec- 34 SUMMARY OF DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY THE STATE FOREST SERVICE FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD 1928-29 1929-30 Loblolly pine, 1 year LobloUy pine, 2 years .... Shortleaf pine, 1 year . . . . Shortleaf pine, 2 year . . . . Longleaf pine 1 year Longleaf pine, 2 year Slash pine, 1 year Maritime pine, 1 year . . . . Walnut, 1 year Locust, 1 year White pine, 2 and 3 year . Spruce Scotch pine Southern balsam, 3-1 . . . . Miscellaneous Totals. 66,850 1,075 12,750 154,552 5,187 2,440 405 2,650 12,650 3,300 4,500 16,100 1,623 283,982 50,727 17,000 20,627 138,402 29,685 12,339 600 7,611 10,550 2,186 4,170 1,500 13,200 190 308,787 tions of some of the school plantations and give recommendations as to their future care will be made. Work in forestry will also be taken up with the vocational schools, some 100 in number, and forest plantations started on their grounds as soon as possible, perhaps during the coming year. Another means of reaching the public with sound forestry education has been through cooperation with the Forester of the State Agricultural Ex-tension Service in supplying black walnut seedlings to 4-H Club members. During the season of 1929-30 some 7,611 black walnuts were sent to county agents and individuals. The majority of those trees went to two hundred and forty-seven 4-H Club members who were allotted small numbers of these trees by their county agents. With them were also shipped some walnut seedlings grown from seed produced at Mt. Vernon and Arlington. This demonstration in practical forestry has received much favorable com-ment. The 4-H Club members were also given the opportunity of getting other tree seedlings at a low cost from the State Nursery. An offer was also made to Boy Scouts in the season 1929-30 similar to that offered to the schools. Eight Boy Scout organizations took 4,260 seed-lings to be planted on their camp grounds or other demonstration areas. This work also will be expanded during the coming biennium. Having no means of supplying tree seedlings suitable for planting in the mountain region of this State, an agreement was reached with the Cham-pion Fibre Company of Canton, North Carolina, whereby they would sup-ply from their nursery such tree species as they had at a reduced price if ordered through this Department. A total of 7,470 Norway spruce, 14,850 white pine and 4,500 Scotch pine seedlings was thus distributed, prac-tically all in the Mountain region of this State. 35 DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY CLASS OF COOPERATORS—192S-1930 Number of Cooperators Number of Trees 119 9 9S 8 250 3 1 1 1 36S,S05 124,560 35,366 4 , 200 8,321 8,195 6,462 7,500 Mount Mitchell State Park 29,300 Total*. . . 490 592,769 It is hoped that money will become available for a western nursery to supply farmers and other individuals with tree seedlings suitable for plant-ing in the mountains. While seedling production is the major nursery project, efforts are being continued to find the best stock for transplanting and to work out better methods of packing and seed sowing. A number of exotic tree seeds have been planted and the results are being cai'efully watched. The State nursery facilities have been open to the new forestry school at State College and the professors have used the nursery for demonstra-tion and experimental work. Trees have also been given to the Forestry School for their arboretum on Highway No. 10 outside of Raleigh. Several demonstration plantings were undertaken during the period of this report. One at the North Carolina College for Women at Greensboro was participated in by some fifty students of the College under the super-vision of Assistant Forester Claridge, while another near Raleigh on pri-vate property has proven valuable in showing the rate of growth and sur-vival of different species of trees. Inspections of areas to be planted, with advice as to species and methods as well as follow up inspections, have been made so far as time and funds would permit, and when the project itself seemed to justify such expense. Cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry of Washington, D. C, was inaugurated in the project of experimenting with Asiatic chestnuts which may prove to be blight resistant. This is a timely enterprise as the chestnut blight has reached every county in the State where the chestnut naturally grows. Two hundred and fifty trees of this species were re-ceived in 1929 and 5,000 in the spring, of 1930. Plans are being made for placing these trees on publicly owned lands in Piedmont and Eastern North Carolina. It is hoped that these trees will prove to be well adapted to the climate of North Carolina. Those planted last spring at Lake Rim State Forest have survived the transplanting and are doing well at the present time. Experimental plantings in the mountains will be made by the Ap-palachian Forest Experiment Station. 3a A number of experiments were started at the Lake Rim State Forest in the winter of 1929 with several species of trees and different ages of plant-ing stock. Some interesting results should be obtained from these planta-tions, especially from the cork oak if it proves to be hardy in this climate. The experimental planting at Fort Macon has been continued with 6,462 trees planted during the biennium. Many of the plantations have so far shown very good results, some of the trees having at the present time reached a height of over three feet. Some experiments, which have at-tracted attention outside the State, are now being made with sea oats with the intention of fixing the forward dunes. This question of controlling the blowing sand along our 300 miles of shore line will assume increasing im-portance, and enough money to start experiments on this small though em-inently suitable area should be made available as soon as possible. The annual spring planting on Mount Mitchell State Park resulted in the setting out of 29,300 trees, mostly southern balsam. Mr. Claridge has ex-perimented with different ages and conditions of balsam stock and some interesting results have been secured. An article by him on this subject was recently published in the Journal of Forestry. A total of some 55,000 trees have been planted to date, but there remains much more to be done since 75 per cent of the total area of the park was originally cutover and most of this area was also burned. Some improvement plantings have been made at the Frank Stedman Fish Hatchery, Fayetteville, with sixty-two ornamental trees; while some sixty-five ornamental trees and shrubs were planted about the house and pens at the State Game Farm. These plantings should be added to each year in order to continue the beautification of these places. At the Stedman Hatch-ery the banks of Bones Creek were washing badly and some 900 willow cuttings were planted at the stream level in order to bind the soil and keep down the expense of maintaining the banks of the stream. The volume of correspondence and calls for advice on all phases of technical forestry have increased considerably. On planting subjects alone some 250 communications were answered. A great many of these letters required detailed advice which took some time in preparation. To facilitate replies to the planting inquiries a one page circular letter was prepared called, "Planting Hints." The negotiations for an additional five acre tract of land at the Clayton nursery are at a standstill due to the difficulty of securing a clear title to the land. The budget item of $500 for this purpose is being carried over into the next fiscal year with the hope that the difficulty may be overcome so that expansion of the nursery work may continue. Highway Planting. The Department has been called upon a number of times to help direct, and in some cases, to undertake roadside planting pro-jects. While the protection of existing trees and the careful preservation of small trees already started along the roads will take care of many situa-tions, highway planting will be necessary, not only for its own sake, but as a strong appeal to the public. Cooperation in this work is demanded by Women's Clubs, civic organizations, and municipalities and an effort has been made to respond so far as possible. After two years experience, the conclusion has been reached that without a central authority to direct high- 37 way planting much of the effectiveness of these plantings is lost. In co-operation with the State Highway Department which supplied labor to dig holes for the trees, some four miles of highway were planted between Garner and Clayton. One hundred and ninety-five trees, mainly oaks, were planted on this stretch. A survival of about 86 per cent was obtained the first year. This percentage being reduced during the succeeding years due to the vandalism and carelessness of farmers owning the abutting property. At the present time the trees which have survived are doing well. In co-operation with the American Business Club of Raleigh which supplied funds for the work, some 566 trees and shrubs have been planted on the boule-vard on Highway No. 10 going west from Raleigh. This club has showed considerable interest in this work and much favorable comment has been heard about the project. Governor McLean in 1929 and Governor Gardner in 1930 each planted a tree on this stretch of highway. The survey made by Mrs. W. L. Lawton, Chairman of the National Coun-cil for the Protection of Roadside Beauty aided by the Amercian Nature Association, has greatly stimulated interest in highway beautification in North Carolina. The published results of this survey entitled, "North Carolina Roadsides," is one of the best reports on the rural billboard ques-tion available for any state. Mrs. Lawton was greatly helped while in this State by the Forestry Division, STATE PARKS AND FORESTS The rapid increase of public interest in State parks and forests is one of the outstanding developments of the past biennium. Outside of the publicity and educational work conducted by this Department, thei^e are a number of features which have contributed to the present interest in State action in the acquisition and development of recreational areas and in the protection of our natural scenery. Among these are the gradual absorp-tion of our bathing beaches by development companies or private parties which may eventually exclude the public; the almost entire exclusion of the public from our migratory water fowl shooting grounds on the marshes and sounds of the State by wealthy shooting clubs; the encroachment of private game preserves on the areas surrounding State game refuges and the taking over by commercial enterprises of many of the most outstanding scenic features of the State. The growing number of visitors from all parts of the country driving over our good roads in search of desirable stopping places and seeking out or best scenery and most desirable recrea-tional facilities make us realize that the development of these areas is an economic asset which can rapidly be developed into one of our most im-portant and most productive industries. This awakening has been shown in the popularity of the campaign to secure the establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in spite of the fact that in aiding its establishment the State was giving two million dollars worth of land to the Federal government. The insistent demand that the State secure Linville Gorge as a State park is another sign of this feeling and a resolution re-cently endorsed by one of our leading outdoor organizations asking for the acquisition of Grandfather Mountain as a State park only emphasizes this trend in public opinion. An appropriation or an authorized bond issue to 38 inaugurate a definite and progressive acquisition policy would, it is be-lieved, be one of the most popular steps the Department could take in spite of the almost universal desire to reduce unnecessary expenditures. Administration of the State parks and lakes already acquired takes into consideration first of all the welfare of the local people and the public gen-erally, and it is with the idea of making these areas of greater use to the people that the small appropriation available is expended. Mount Mitchell State Park. This State park purchased under a law in 1915 which carried an appropriation of $20,000 for the purpose is the only park with a full-time warden. His duties are first of all to help the twenty-five to thirty-five thousand visitors who ascend Mount Mitchell each sum-mer. During the spring and fall he acts as lookout in our fire control or-ganization. It is planned shortly to build him a garage where he may keep a supply of firefighting tools as well as his car to be ready at a mom-ent's notice to start for any fire which may threate'n the park or the ad-joining Mount Mitchell Game Refuge. Owing to a heavy sleet and consequent windfall during the winter of 1928-29, the large amount of dead and down spruce and balsam timber has brought about a serious fire hazard on the park. To eliminate that so far as possible two contracts were let in 1929 to cut the wood and sell it for pulpwood. This will remove only the larger timber, but the brush will re-main a serious hazard for a number of years. It is hoped that natural reproduction will soon take the place of this fallen timber. If this fails, the plans for planting will extend to this area. Fort Macon State Park. The park warden at Fort Macon has been em-ployed only during the summer and then only on part time. It is very nec-essary that proper protection be given the old fortress since such protec-tion was guaranteed under the title to the property given to the State by the War Department. The chief feature of interest has been the accrual of a large point of land on the eastern end of the island which the Attorney General has declared is the property of the State and cannot be alienated by entry. Experimental planting has been carried on and pine trees on the areas surrounding the Fort have shown excellent growth. An attempt is being made so far as funds are available to hold the new land by plant-ing sea oats along the beach and gradually building up the area into sand-hills. In cooperation with the Engineering Division it was proposed to stretch a length of wire fence along the lowest part of the ridge so that wind and tide will work to build up a beach upon which the sea oats will flourish. If this could be done, not only would a very interesting and valuable area be added to the State park, but something at least would be done to stabilize the channel through which commerce enters Bogue Sound. Unfortunately, funds for this are not yet available. Miscellaneous Areas. Rendezvous Mountain, a tract of 140 acres in Wilkes County donated by Judge T. B. Finley, will be used next spring for an experimental planting of Chinese chestnuts where our native chestnuts have failed to resist the chestnut blight disease. On account of the cut in appropriation, the projected trail has not been undertaken. 39 Through the will of Mrs. Elizabeth Coit two areas of 100 acres each on Wine Spring and Wayah Balds in Macon County were left to the State in 1929. These tracts are surrounded by national forest lands and as yet no disposition has been made of them. They are too small to handle as a State park and sooner or later it may be advisable to exchange them with the Forest Service for an area better adapted to State use. The Lake Rim Forest, acquired for the protection of the Frank Stedman Hatchery near Fayetteville, will be largely devoted to experiments in forest management and forest planting. Already planting has begun and it is ex-pected that species especially suitable for food for game and the protection of the streams will be used in planting this forest. Some additional lands should be acquired for the better protection of the lake. State Lakes. Everything points to the general satisfaction of the local people and the general public with the administrative measures already put into effect on Waccamaw and White Lakes. While prior to 1929 only those constructing new docks were required to take out permits, during last year all docks and other buildings had to be operated under permit. This change was brought about with very little friction and with general acceptance by those claiming the docks. It has also been found advisable to require permits for the operation of boats on these two much frequented lakes and license plates similar to, though smaller than those on automobiles, are provided to be fastened on each licensed boat. An additional fee is charged for boats used for commercial purposes. Through frequent and cordial contact with the users of the lakes, they have learned that the Department in making regulations is working for the benefit of all. A recent stir-up about the launching of a large passenger boat on White Lake was settled without difficulty through the fair and impai'tial attitude of this Deparment as x-epresented by Mr. Claridge who investigated this affair. In cooperation with the Inland Fisheries Division regulations have been made to improve fishing conditions in White and Waccamaw Lakes. Breed-ing grounds and special closed seasons for breeding have been set aside and special regulations made with the object of increasing the number of sport fish of these lakes. Last fall an almost unanimous request from a large proportion of the local people was made that they be allowed to use trot lines in Waccamaw Lake during the three winter months from November 1 to January 31. After a full public hearing, such fishing was allowed under special permit for about six weeks in order to determine whether the claim was justified that this practice would reduce the number of scavenger fish. Judging by reports required of the permittees, around 80 per cent of the fish caught were undesirable and only 20 per cent were sport fish. This supported the contention of some authorities that by allowing local people this privilege an increase rather than a decrease in the spox't fish would result. It is expected to carry this experiment on again during next winter. There are now part-time lake wardens on both Waccamaw and White Lakes, but full-time men should be employed the year round in the future. The question of gradually removing all closed structures from over the State lakes will shortly come to the front. Waggaman Pavillion on Wac- 40 camaw Lake, leased by the owner to Jack Smith last spring, suffered from a storm which destroyed a dock connecting it with the shore. Its sanitary conveniences were also put out of business by a fire which destroyed the Waggaman Hotel. In spite of an agreement to put the building in good condition it is now closed by the Health authorities. Its removal to some site on the land would do away with a source of water pollution which is almost beyond our control. On White Lake an old bath house and pavillion at Melvin Beach is so rotten that the owner has closed it for the summer. A new one has been built on the land and the old building will be removed. The policy of the Department now is to allow no more closed buildings over the lake. The value of Waccamaw Lake as a recreation area has been greatly im-proved by the dam built across its outlet under appropriation of the Gen-eral Assembly of 1925; in fact, its attractiveness as a bathing, boating and fishing resort can almost be said to depend on maintaining the lake level at a fairly constant stage. Owing to the difficulty of the situation and the necessarily cheap construction of the wooden dam, there have from time to time occurred serious leaks. These have heretofore been stopped at the expense of this Department or with the assistance of the local people, chiefly represented by Mr. K. Clyde Council. A bad leak has recently occurred (June 27, 1930) at the east end of the dam which was promptly inspected by Mr. Charles E. Ray of the Engineering Division who recommends the immediate use of sand bags. With no funds available the Department has had to call on the local people to make this necessary repair. The Engineering Division strongly recommends the construction of a new and permanent dam at a cost of perhaps $10,000 to be made available through special legislative enactment providing for an appropriation and county or other local cooperation. In the spring of 1929 the issue was forced upon the Department as to whether the State had any claim over Baker's Lake in Bladen County. After careful investigation of the records it was found that the land sur-rounding and including Baker's Lake was granted to private parties prior to 1828 and was therefore legally in the possession of the grantees and their heirs. This is only a small lake but could be made an excellent fishing lake, and since it is within an hour's drive of Fayetteville, it is one of the areas which might with advantage be acquired by the Department as a State forest. State park or game refuge, the land to be used as a State forest and the water as a desirable fishing ground. Following the attempt of a local man to place an entry upon Jones and Salters Lakes these two lakes were surveyed by the Engineering Division of the Department and found to contain areas of 227 acres and 322 acres re-spectively. This led to the passage by the General Assembly of the law preventing the alienation of any State lakes over 50 acres in extent. Under this and other laws it seems probable that not only the Bladen County lakes, but also Phelps, Alligator and Pungo Lakes in the Albemarle region belong to the State and should be administered by this Department. GENERAL FORESTRY There are a large number of activities coming under the general head of forestry outside of the specific problems of forest fire control, forest plant- 41 ing, and the administration of State parks and forests. These may be roughly included under education, investigation, legislation, and coopera-tion; however, they all are designed to gradually bring about a permanent policy and practice of forestry and conservation for the State, and to aid land owners and manufacturers of timber products in the production and disposal of their materials. To secure permanent results, it is essential that the rising generation be thoroughly grounded in conservation so that their attitude towards the for-est will be one of protection rather than destruction. In order to reach the public in as many ways as possible with convincing evidences of the importance of the subject, various investigations are necessary. These are in many cases carried on through cooperation with other States depai't-ments or agencies, with the Federal government or with civic organizations and private individuals. Such studies together with the experiences gained in the administration of the work, frequently show the need for additional or changed legislation, which from time to time is being proposed in order to bring about more favorable conditions and better protection to public property. No avenue is left unused so far as funds and personnel will permit through which to carry the lessons of conservation and by which the State's property and the interests of the people may be conserved. Education. Cai'olina Forest Week is an annual occasion for intensive forestry publicity and education. Prior to 1929, Forest Week was observed nationally as American Forest Week. For various reasons the participa-tion of the Federal government was discontinued and many states observed their own Forest Week. North and South Carolina joined together in ob-serving Carolina Forest Week during the third week in March of 1929 and 1930. Arbor and Bird Day in North Carolina thus became a part of our Forest Week observance. The idea is to carry a definite message through the schools and the adult organizations to every person in the State. Special school programs are advised, often accompanied by tree planting. The cooperation of the civic clubs is sought and the local newspapers in many cases have entered heartily into the plan and furnished a vast amount of free publicity. The three broadcasting stations have granted the Department free facilities for daily programs during the week. Coming as it does near the spring fire season, and sometimes in the midst of it, this observance is calculated to reach the children and the grown people at a most opportune time. The programs were entered into with more enthusiasm than at any time in the past, particularly through the schools and the press. The severe 1930 spring fire season, however, prevented the field force from carrying out its portion of the woi'k to the fullest extent. Among other activities carried out during Carolina Forest Week in the two years 1929 and 1930 were programs by teachers and children at some 536 schools, 475 talks, illustrated lectures and motion picture shows given, 116 window displays placed, 27,- 000 pieces of printed matter distributed and wide publicity from the local press. At the sugge.stion of the American Forestry Association which furnished prizes in the form of three bronze medals, an essay contest in the high . 42 schools of the State was conducted in the spring of 1930 with very gratify-ing results. Contesting essays which had been judged the best in their respective counties were submitted from some twenty-three counties. Twenty-five dollars was divided into six cash prizes, and seven girls and one boy in various parts of the State were awarded prizes of medals at their school commencements. The subject selected was, "Develop a Suitable Wood-land Taxation Policy for North Carolina." Forty-five essays were sub-mitted to this office and probably five times that many essays were pre-pared by the school children. Every high school in the State was invited to take part in the contest and information in printed and mimeographed form was sent out to hundreds of the schools. The publicity and informa-tion conveyed to the young people of the State, and through them to their elders, will no doubt contribute very materially to the success of the Con-stitutional amendment which is to be voted on next November. A similar contest on some other subject will be carried on next year and probably in following years. The present force accepts every possible opportunity of making address-es, giving illustrated lectures and making contacts with young and old. Talks, moving pictures and instruction are being given at boy's and girls' camps and especially at teachers' summer schools so far as time and money have allowed. Last summer nearly half of the camps and summer schools were reached while the other half were disappointed in having no one there. This summer a rather more restricted program has been necessary. An ex-tension of this work to every teachers' summer school and every boy and girl camp should be made. The importance of this educational work cannot be over emphasized. Re-quest has been made that a definite message of forestry be carried into the one hundred vocational schools of the State with the possible establishment of a forest plantation in connection with each. The Boy Scouts and similar groups are asking for all the instruction we can give. The establishment in the schools of conservation clubs. Forest Guides, and such active organ-izations offers a wide and fruitful field for the services of a specialist. Last year such an educational man was engaged, but his appointment was can-celled on account of the cut in appropriations. An important feature of the educational work in forestry is in answering correspondence and in preparing articles and addresses for all sorts of audiences. It is not only necessary to know the forest conditions and needs of North Carolina, but to keep up with what is being done to meet similar needs in other states and countries. The necessity of having readily avail-able reports, books of reference, pamphlets and clippings emphasizes the value of a conservation library. Provision should be made at the first op-portunity for a suitable room and a competent librarian or file clerk so that each Division could have ready access to the information it most needs. With the resignation of Mr. H. M. Curran from the State Department of Agriculture and his leaving the State, an important part of the work which he was doing; namely, the study of the timber markets and the advising of owners of small timber tracts as to uses and markets, is falling upon this Department. This is only proper since it is certainly the duty of the State Forest Service to furnish such information to the people of the State. At present we have no specialist to whom such appeals can be referred and no 43 fund to pay the expenses of an examining agent. The employment of an expert in the harvesting and sale of forest products would be of great value to the land owners of the State as well as to the wood using indus-tries in the location of their timber supplies. Investigations. The last General Assembly (Chapter 282, Public Laws of 1929) authorized the study of various types of lands with the object of recommending to the Governor possible State action to protect or acquire such areas for the benefit of the public. Unfortunately, no appropriation was made to carry out this provision, and with the cut in revenue, little op-portunity has been found to prosecute this study as it deserves. Informa-tion has been gathered from time to time, however, without additional cost to the State and such information will be presented in the form of a pre-liminary report "with recommendations to the Governor and the next Gen-eral Assembly" along the lines required by this measure. The study of timber resources, begun in the spring of 1928, was complet-ed that same year and part of the information secured has been incorpor-ated in the publication, "Resources and Industries of Noi'th Carolina," which was compiled and edited by the late Park Mathewson. The estimates on the remaining standing timber are no doubt conservative, and being the best available they will be used until more reliable figures can be se-cured. These estimates show a total stand of about thirteen and a half billion board feet of merchantable saw timber on the 21,056,400 acres of woodland (forest) area of the State, or an average of 634 board feet per acre. The results of the survey of nonutilized wood carried on during 1928 in cooperation with the Committee on Wood Utilization of the U. S. Depart-ment of Commerce were worked up by that Committee under the direction of Dr. Axel Oxholm. The published report entitled, "Survey of Nonutilized Wood in North Carolina" toward the cost of which this Department con-tributed, is being distributed by both cooperating agencies. This report shows "that approximately 33,000 carloads of nonutilized material are an-nually available for sale." Much of this material, however, consisting of sawdust, slabs, edgings, etc., is so remote from cheap transportation and has so little present value that it could only be handled at a loss unless some special use could be found for it. It is with the object of bringing producer and possible consumer together that this study was made. North Carolina has been very fortunate in that the United States Forest Service decided to make its final state study of forest taxation here. Three counties, Macon, Chatham, and Beaufort, were selected, with the possibility of a fourth, and the work was put in local charge of Mr. Paul Wager of the University of North Carolina. This study has been carried on without cost to the State during the spring of 1930 under the direction of Mr. R. C. Hall of the Forest Tax Commission of the U. S. Forest Service. Mr. Wager has been assisted by Mr. R. B. Thompson, a forest taxation expert, who made a similar study in Oregon. This study has been supplemented by the Southern Forest Experiment Station which carried its economic study of "the financial possibilities of growing southern pine" into Beaufort County in charge of Mr. W. E. Bond. These counties were selected not only as representative of the region, but also because the county land and tax 44 records were in such shape as to justify the study. In this study this De-partment has been consulted at every step and close cooperation has been maintained, not only with us, but with the State Tax Commission. The re-sults should be extremely valuable to the State of North Carolina in its effort to lighten the burden of taxation on the farmers and other timber land owners. If the studies in one or all of these three counties bring out information which will be of value to the people of North Carolina, it may be advisable to publish a small report on this investigation. As a part of the cooperative study undertaken by the Water Resources and Forestry Divisions of the Department, a study was made of the sur-face conditions of three watersheds tributary to the Durham city watershed on which stream flow and silt determinations will be made continuously for a period of years. The map made as the result of the surface study will form a basis of comparison of the three areas which show different per-centages of forest growth on the three areas. Some interesting results on erosion and stream flow may be expected. Cooperation. In addition to the financial cooperation received from the Federal government, from counties, and from private individuals in forest fire control and forest planting, the Department has cooperated as fully as possible with such organizations as the Southern Forestry Congress, the North Carolina Forestry Association, the North Carolina Social Service Conference, the Appalachian Forest Research Council, the National Con-ference on State Parks, the Association of State Foresters, the American Forestry Association, the American Tree Association, and similar associa-tions through which it has been possible and advisable to convey strong con-servation messages to our own people. Travel to meetings outside of the State has been used conservatively and has been incurred only where the best interests of the work and of the State have been carefully considered. It is only through free and active cooperation with every agency engaged in similar work that we can hope to bring about a permanent consciousness favorable to the conservation of our natural resources. Legislation. The effort to secure favorable legislation is often unsuccess-ful because there is little demand for it from the people back home who are represented by the members of the General Assembly. When any piece of legislation seems to be necessary, it is advisable to convince the people of its value. If the demand comes from the public rather than from the De-partment, its success is assured. The principal measures considered and acted upon by the General As-sembly of 1929 relating to forestry and the use of the land were as follows : 1. To prevent the alienation of State lakes having an area of 50 acres or more. (Chapter 165, page 41, Conservation Laws.) This makes sure the State tenure of Jones and Salters Lakes in Bladen County and is a necessary step toward the administration of Phelps, Alligator, and Pungo Lakes. 2. Providing for the special study of the forest, cutover, open, and shore land of the State. (Chapter 282, Public Laws of 1929.) This has been referred to on a previous page. 45 3. Amending Section 8057, Consolidated Statutes, to provide for the ac-quisition by the Federal government of land in eastern North Carolina for the establishment of national forests. The first examination of lands for this purpose resulted in an unfavorable report by the United States Forest Service on the ground that desirable lands were held too high and that low priced lands contained too large a proportion of swamp or pocosin lands. A further investigation it is understood will soon be made. 4. To authorize the United States to acquire land for bird sanctuaries and refuges. It was felt that this measure would call the attention of the Federal Government to the desirability of establishing a Federal wild fowl refuge in eastern North Carolina, possibly at Mattamuskeet. 5. Two measures were introduced relating to the possible adjustment of taxation on forest lands. On the recommendation of the legislative com-mittees it was decided to cooperate with the State Tax Commission in urg-ing the passage of the bill prepared by it providing for putting a Constitu-tional amendment before the people. This bill was enacted into law and will be voted upon next November. Two county laws wei'e passed in which the Forestry Division was keenly interested. The Onslow County Forest Fire Law allowing the free burning of woodland during the winter was not approved and an effort was made to prevent the enactment of this exception to the State-wide Forest Fire Law. The Burke County Law to prevent the stealing of evergreens and remov-ing them from the State was approved so far as it went. A more general law protecting trees, shrubs, and flowers along the highways and prevent-ing the despoliation of any private property would have an excellent effect if some feasible means was found for enforcing it. DIVISION OF FORESTRY RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS Biennial Period Ending June 30, 1930 Forest Fire Prevention 192S-29 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight . Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Repairs General Expense ' Equipment Forest Fire Prevention (45 Cooperative Projects): 411-1 Salaries and Wages, 1 ,000 Forest Wardens in 45 cooperative projects. 1 County Warden in each project. Average 20 District Wardens in each cooperative project 411-2 Salaries and Wages, Forest Wardens and Laborers (firf fighters) in 45 cooperative projects. Fire suppression only (fire fighters receive 20c per hour) 411-3 Travel Expense, 1,000 Forest Wardens (Expense car mile-age at 7c per mile) 411—4 Lookout Towers 25,865.96 1,631.72 2,287.43 6,298.36 2,182.48 4,369.03 25.45 115.55 2,233.92 16,998.36 32,013.08 9,901.23 •« 36,300.55 1,202.31 2,111.31 7,078.46 . 1,306.90 3,928.40 9.67 97.36 1,455.18 4,199.93 25 151 87 20 979 40 6 502 02 2 506 92 46 DIVISION OF FORESTRY RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS—Continued Forest Fire Prevention 1928-29 1929-30 411-5 Cabins 411-6 Telephone Lines 411-7 Miscellaneous Fire Fighting Equipment. General Forestry: 412 Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment 418-1 General Expense Parks: 419 Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight Travel Expenses Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation 424-1 Equipment Planting: 425 Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Highway Planting Repairs, parks General Ex-pense, parks General Expense, planting Insurance State Fair 413 414 415 416 417 418 420 421 422 423 424 426 427 428 429 430 431 1 4,689.68 337.52 160.62 817.14 596.66 228.53 96.26 99.75 3,430.06 399 . 62 ,3.05 242.72 53.90 18.83 76.19 . 1 4,476.35 757.33 91.99 63.99 12.65 268.91 51.41 900.00 590.17 2.50 5.81 49.71 200.00 248.16 1.588.12 3,764.69 3,351.66 97.71 239.98 566.07 258.92 69.62 94.05 30.00 2,660.59 . 20.35 69.80 273.02 33.00 14.31 - 126.25 m 6,991.78 892.72 191.89 151.97 27.04 377.85 577.86 Total Expenditure . Less Receipts S122,643.92 78,111.88 $135,547.69 72,045.09 Appropriation . $ 44,532.04 $ 63,502.60 47 DIVISION OF GAME Chas. H. England, State Game Warden Mrs, Alice W. Bradley, Stenographer C. L. Beddingfield, Chief Clerk Mrs. Lillian Brickhouse, Clerk Introduction There is a Biblical assertion to the effect that in the beginning of the world man was given dominion over the fowl of the air, the fish of the sea, and the wild beasts of the field, with authority to use them for his comfort and pleasure. For a while, a condition of plentitude prevailed and man made use of these resources without let or hinderance. As time passed and governments were established, the extreme individuality of mankind was soon lost, and supervisory rights over the wild life were vested in rulers and governments. In North Carolina, the sovereignty is vested in the people and our Su-preme Court has declared that the game and other wild life of the State is the property of all the people of North Carolina. Need for Game Protection. If we are to have for ourselves and to pre-serve for future generations the valuable resources afforded by our wild life, practical conservation methods are necessary. Business practices are essential. We must follow a proper program and definite policies. The North Carolina Game Law was passed by the General Assembly of 1927. It recognizes the interests of the people in the wild life of the State and establishes a policy under which the public rights in this common prop-erty are protected. From a practical angle, the law creates the machinery for carrying out its purposes, prescribing the course of action that its ad-ministration must follow. Law Enforcement. That public sentiment has constantly and rapidly crystalized in favor of a rigid enforcement of the game law can be con-clusively shown in several ways. Each succeeding year the number of convictions obtained has consistently increased, due to increasing support of the general public in reporting violations to the wardens and willing-ness to appear as witnesses. The records show that the courts are steadily imposing larger fines and severer sentences on convicted violators. Sher-iffs and all peace officers designated as ex-officio wardens in the law are showing more interest and willingness to prosecute game and fish violations, largely as a result of insistent demand of the general public that the laws be enforced. There is a strong sentiment, steadily growing, to increase the reward from $5.00 to $10.00 offered in the law for evidence to convict game law violators. During the period extending from July 1st, 1928, to June 30th, 1930, a total of 3,415 convictions have been obtained for violations of the State Game Law. While no comparison for a previous biennium is available since 48 the law was in effect only one year previous to this report period, the num-ber of convictions for the first year of operation of the State Game Law was only 875. The total of fines and costs assessed against game law violators was $34,863.00 over the two year period. The State Game Law provides that hides or furs taken or held in viola-tion of the statute shall be seized and disposed of under specific require-ments. Under these provisions, seizures have been made of hides and furs in eight counties during the biennium. These were sold, according to the law, and brought a total of $498.30. It is also provided by the State law that game may not be held in cap-tivity except under special permit from the Department of Conservation and Development. The public has shown an especial liking for fawns, seven of which being held illegally were confiscated during the biennium, most of which were released on State Game Refuges. One bear was also released during the period after confiscation. Interest in game from an educational and scientific viewpoint is shown in the fact that 23 permits have been granted during the two-year period for the taking of game for these purposes. These permits are issued mostly to zoology and biology classes in public schools and colleges and to scientific institutions. Wao'den Service. The warden organization consists of the State Game Warden, three District Wardens, and a County Warden in each county in the State, with the exception of Dare and Hyde Counties. The County Warden of Beaufort County also serves as warden in Hyde County. R. B. Etheridge, board member, with the assistance of the sheriff of the county, and other ex-officio game wardens named in the law, has handled matters in Dare County. The annual salary of each of the District Wardens is $2,000, with a travel allowance not in excess of $1,350 a year. The annual salary of the County Wardens, which includes travel expense, ranges from $850 to $1,200, with an additional twelve and one-half cents for each license sold in his county. If the game and fish warden is also a forest warden, his salary is larger. Each county warden has secured for appointment by the State Game Warden from six to forty interested persons in his county to serve as spec-ial deputy wardens without pay from the Department. An inestimably valuable service has been uniformly rendered throughout the State by these special wardens, without compensation from the Department. High praise and commendation are due the District and County Wardens for the untiring effort, faithful, intelligent and impartial service rendered. Propagation of Game. The best thought and highest authority engaged in game restoration and advancement agree that the introduction of new blood is advisable and necessary even in sections where the breeding stock is more or less adequate. This opinion is backed by the experiments and tests made by the Biological Survey and other game propagating agencies in the several states. It seems to have been established beyond a doubt that the infusion of new blood increases the vigor, vitality and productiveness of the local breeding stock. 49 Under the Game Division budget for the present biennium, beginning July 1st, 1929, and ending June SOtlx, 1931, approximately twenty-five per cent of the total estimated game fund receipts was asked for and allowed by the budget to be spent for game propagation for each fiscal year of the two-year period. This money is spent in three ways: First, operation of the State Game Farm; second, establishment, maintenance and protection of State and County Game Refuges; and third, the purchase of game. See financial statement for first fiscal year of biennium for amount spent in each of these ways. Also see subsequent tables for game raised, purchased and released. Game Farm. The State Game Farm was completed and opened about April 1st, 1928. Despite the late start, it did well that year. During the second breeding season, of the spring of 1929, improvements were made and results obtained were satisfactory. At the beginning of the present budget biennium, July 1st, 1929, the State Game Farm was placed strictly upon its own budget. Therefore, during this year, or the third breeding season now on, the cost of the operation of the farm and cost of all game per head that is raised can be estimated in advance and determined accurately at the close of the season. The value of the operation of the State Game Farm as an educational medium for game advancement and propagation cannot be over-estimated. Hundreds of people visit the farm weekly and a personal inspection and better understanding of the State's undertaking arouses in them a coopera-tive support and interest that perhaps otherwise could not be as fully ob-tained. See subsequent table for species of game and numbers of each species used as breeders at Game Farm. INVENTORY OF GAME AT ASHEBORO STATE FARM Quail: Parent stock or breeding quail 492 Young quail already hatched 976 Number of quaU eggs now sotting 1932 Proposed production for season 4000 (Percentage of fertility, 95) Pheasants: Parent stock or breeding Ringneck Pheasants 465
Object Description
Description
Title | Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development of the State of North Carolina |
Other Title | Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development. |
Creator | North Carolina. |
Date | 1928; 1929; 1930 |
Subjects |
Conservation of natural resources--North Carolina--Periodicals Fisheries--North Carolina Forests and forestry--North Carolina Game and Game-birds--North Carolina Industries--North Carolina Mines and mineral resources--North Carolina Natural Resources--North Carolina North Carolina. Department of Conservation and Development--Periodicals Parks--North Carolina |
Place | North Carolina, United States |
Time Period | (1929-1945) Depression and World War Two |
Description | Title from cover. |
Publisher | Raleigh, N.C. :Dept. of Conservation and Development,[1928]- |
Agency-Current |
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Physical Characteristics | v. ;23 cm. |
Collection | Health Sciences Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Type | text |
Language | English |
Format | Reports |
Digital Characteristics-A | 6506 KB; 134 p. |
Digital Collection |
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access, a North Carolina LSTA-funded grant project North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Title Replaces | North Carolina. Department of Conservation and Development..Biennial report of the director |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_edp_biennialreportconservation19281930.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_edp\images_master\ |
Full Text | ®i)e Hibtarp of tiie Wini\)tt^itp ofigottfjCarolma Collection of i^ortfj Caroliniana Cnbotneb bp STofin ^prunt ?^ill of tt)c Class of 1889 C550 Ng7r 00033966030 This book must not be taken from the Library building Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/biennialconserv19281930 THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT OF The Department of Conservation and Development OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1930 ,1 THE PEOPLE OF NORTH CAROLINA RESOURCES AND INDUSTRrES OF NORTH CAROLINA THE LEGISLATURE THE GOVERNOR THE CONSERVATION BOARD THE DIRECTOR ^BfijEs W^' r""" B'£S? |r =lb i 1,A,"7."s ""™,» "irZ^f: rBP:« "HS.T. =ii™ '£Sfj/S mo 0., fefjr""'"' "t'cAWm AND FEDERAL""verIe «ENC ES- THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT OF The Department of Conservation and Development OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA FOR THE BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1930 BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT Governor 0. Max Gardner, Chairman Raleigh S. Wade Marr, Vice-Chairman Raleigh W. C. Ewing Fayetteville F. S. Worthy Washington R. Bruce Etheridge Manteo Fred I. Sutton Kinston R. Grady Rankin Gastonia Santford Martin Winston-Salem J. Q. Gilkey Marion Jas. G. K. McClure, Jr Asheville E. D. Cranford Asheboro Jos. J. Stone Greensboro J. W. Harrelson, Director Raleigh LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, N. C, October 1, 1930. To His Excellency, Hon. O. Max Gardner, Governor of North CaroliTia. Sir: Pursuant to Section 11, Chapter 122, Public Laws of 1925, and by di-rection of the Board of Conservation and Development, I have the honor to submit herewith the Third Report of the Department of Conservation and Development for the biennium ending June 30, 1930. This report shows: (1), the progress, nature and cost of the work done by the Department during the period July 1, 1928,—June 30, 1930; and (2), "North Carolina Home-Coming Week" authorized by Resolution No. 17, Public Laws of North Carolina, Session 1929. Respectfully submitted, J. W. Harrelson, Director. (2) DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION Wade H. Phillips, Director (Resigned April 1, 1929) J. W. Harrelson, Director (Appointed April 2, 1929) R. N. Sanford, Principal Accounting Clerk Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobbie, Fiscal Clerk Gladys Pritchett, Purchasing Agent Mrs. Carita Wade Moore, Stenographer (Resigned April 20, 1930) Frances Pope, Stenographer (Appointed April 21, 1930) DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Capt. John A. Nelson, Commissioner N. R. Webb, Fiscal Clerk Virginia Brown, Stenographer G. L. Arthur, Jr., Bacteriologist Assistant Commissioners: J. H. Stone, Wilmington E. O. Spencer, Swa?t Quarter L. A. Quidley, Manteo DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Park Mathewson, Statistician and Assistant Director* Bryan W. Sipe, Statistician-^ Mrs. Elsie P. Dunn, Stenographer DIVISION OF FORESTRY J. S. Holmes, State Forester Chas. H. Flory, Assistant Forester F. H. Claridge, Assistant Forester Grace White, Accounting-Clerk-Stenographer Elsie Hobby, Stenographer Annie Ramsey, Stenographer Mabel Duke, Stenographer Mrs. Mary P. Phillips, Stenographer District Foresters: W. K. Beichler, Asheville A. D, Folweiler, New Bern Wm. a. Nothstein, Lenoir L. A. Carter, Windsor \V A. Peterson, Fayetteville W. C. Hammerle, Wilmington *Deceased fAppointed July 1, 1930 (3) 'I DIVISION OF GAME Chas. H. England, State Game Warden Mrs. Alice W. Bradley, Stenographer C. L. Beddingfield, Chief Clerk Mrs. Lillian Brickhouse, Clerk District Wardens: C. N. Mease, Black Mountain W. C. LiSK, Richfield G. A. NicOLL, New Bern DIVISION OF INLAND FISHERIES J. S. Hargett, Assistant Director Mrs. Mary F. Harward, Stenographer (Resigned March 15, 1930) Christine Pollock, Stenographer (Appointed June 9, 1930) Hatchery Superintendents : Morrison Hatchery, Frank J. Reiger, Waynesville Stedman Hatchery, W. E. Baker, Fayetteville "Pete" Murphy Hatchery, Frank S. Dysart, Marion Boone Hatchery, C. E. Smathers, Boone Roaring Gap Hatchery, GuY C. Wallace, Roaring Gap DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES H. J. Bryson, State Geologist Gladys Pritchett, Stenographer DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS* Paul Kelly, Manager DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENGINEERING Thorndike Saville, Chief Engineer Chas. E. Ray, Jr., Principal Assistant Engineer H. A. ScHMiTT, Assistant Engineer J. T. Brown, Assistant Engineer L. J. Hall, Assistant Engineer H. A. Nelson, Cooperative Student J. W. Wadsworth, Cooperative Student Estelle Fuller, Senior Stenographer Lauretta McGee, Junior Stenographer *This Division merged with Division of Commerce and Industry and its manager made Chief of the reorganized Division shortly before close of biennium. (4) Library, Univ. of ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION Wade H. Phillips, Director (Resigned April 1, 1929) J. W. Harrelson, Director (Appointed April 2, 1929) STAFF: R. N. Sanford, Principal Accounting Clerk Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobbie, Fiscal Clerk Gladys Pritchett, Purchasing Agent Mrs. Carita Wade Moore, Stenographer (Resigned April 20, 1930) Frances Pope, Stenographer, (Appointed April 21, 1930) Administration—The administrative duties of the Department deal with all problems of policies, proposed legislation, and personnel. Causes and effects of laws, rules, and regulations governing the conservation and de-velopment of the natural resources of North Carolina are studied. Also laws, rules, and regulations of other States dealing with natural resources of these states are reviewed for the purpose of collecting ideas which can be developed in this State to an advantage. In administering the laws, rules, and regulations, dealing with the State's forest, game, and fish resources we are attempting to combine the warden service. The use of the same warden force for all these functions is some-what new. We have during the past biennium made every effort to place the warden service in forestry, game, and fish in the several counties under one county warden. Of the 47 counties cooperating in the forestry, there are only 8 having separate forest wardens, and in all counties game and fish warden services are combined. It is our plan to combine the forest warden service with the game and fish in the remaining 8 counties. The Department is very much gratified over the success of the combined warden service and believes that it can be maintained at a cost of $30,000 to $50,000 per year below the expense of separate administration. Bookkeeping and Accounting—On July 1, 1929, there was set up and coordinated a new system for keeping the financial records of the Depart-ment. The new system has been very successful and enables the Depart-ment to keep in detail its records. By establishing a bookkeeping and ac-counting unit, we are in a position at any time to analyze our financial records. Also we are able to check our accounts and pay our bills with the least possible delay. Budget—Matters dealing with the Budget are handled directly with the Budget Bureau and in accordance with the laws, rules, and regulations of the Budget Bureau. Information Service—The information service is under the supervision of the Division of Commerce and Industry. However, in many cases infor-mation is furnished by the separate Divisions. Information service for the press is described in the report of the Division of Public Relations. (5) Rules and Regulations—Rules and regulations are made by the Con-servation Board and by the Director. The Director is responsible for the administration of all rules and regulations. Personnel—The Director has final approval of the employment and dis-missal of all personnel employed in the Department. The number of per-manent employees in the Department varies from 200 to 225. The heads of the several Divisions in the Department are men especially trained for their respective duties. The first assistants in the several Di-visions are also men trained and qualified for their particular duties. The Water Resources and Engineering Division, the Division of Forestry, Di-vision of Mineral Resources, and the Division of Commerce and Industry require scientifically trained men. The Department has been very for-tunate in filling these various positions with men especially qualified for the work. In the field of game, the District Game Wardens are men who have been trained in the field of experience and in a practical side of game conserva-tion. Our county wardens are selected from among the applicants for the position in their respective counties, more on a basis of integrity and character than on a basis of qualifications. This policy is not satisfactory, but due to the small salaries which are paid to the county wardens we cannot at this time obtain men who have scientific training in the fields of forestry, game, and fish. The policy so far as county wardens is concerned should tend to the em-ployment of men who have had scientific training in the fields of forestry, game, and fish. The county wardens employed in this Department should be men whose training and rank is equal to that of the county farm agent. HOME-COMING The General Home-Coming Celebration was held throughout the State during the period October 14 to 19, 1929, pursuant to the following au-thority and instructions of the General Assembly of 1929 : RESOLUTION 17 "Whereas, the State of North Carolina in recent years has made re-markable progress along many lines and it is fitting that the people of the State should now review the record achieved since the new century began and take note of their fui'ther opportunities and possibilities; and, "Whereas, the North Carolina State Fair, in its new location and under the management of the State of North Carolina as an agency for exhibit-ing the resources and products of the State was hurriedly opened for an initial exposition last fall, but the management this year will have time for a far more varied and complete exhibit of the agricultural, industrial, and commercial development of North Carolina, with the result that the nineteen hundred and twenty-nine fair will be the first adequate State Fair held on the new location and under State control, and, "Whereas, various other commonwealths have from time to time held "Home-Coming Weeks" when the scattered sons and daughters of these commonwealths have been invited to return to their native States to join with residents in reviewing the progress made, and further opportunities for development, with a consequent stimulus to State pride and aspiration; now therefore, be it "Resolved by the Senate of North Carolina, the House of Representatives concurring: "Section 1. That the week of October fourteenth to nineteenth, nineteen hundred and twenty-nine, which will be the week of the nineteen hundred and twenty-nine North Carolina State Fair, is hereby officially designated as 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' and during this week all native sons and daughters of North Carolina who now reside in other common-wealths are hereby invited to return to their former home towns and cities and neighborhoods and join with their former neighbors and friends in the celebration of 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' and to visit the exhibit of North Carolina products and resources as shown at the North Carolina State Fair during that week. "Sec. 2. That one day during the nineteen hundred and twenty-nine State Fair shall be officially known as 'Dedication Day' when the buildings and grounds shall be formally dedicated to the service of the State with ceremonies directed by the Governor of this State and that the President of the United States is hereby formally invited to be present on that oc-casion and bring the greetings of the National Government to this Com-monwelth, and that the Governor of the State of New York is hereby formally invited to attend during at least one day of the fair to bring the greetings of Northern States to our own State and that the special com-mittee hereinafter named is requested to provide for other addresses daily by eminent Americans and eminent guests returning to this State for (7) 8 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week,' and for broadcasting by radio if practicable all addresses herein referred to. "Sec. 3. That a committee to complete details and provide further ar-rangements for 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week" is hereby named consisting of the Governor of North Carolina, the President of the State University, the President of the North Carolina State College of Agricul-ture and Engineering, the Commissioner of Agriculture, the Director of the State Department of Conservation and Development, three others to be named by the Directors of the North Carolina State Fair, and such other members to be named by the Governor of North Carolina as he may deem advisable. "Sec. 4. That for the purpose of inviting former residents of North Carolina to come back to the State during 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' a specially designated invitation shall be prepared and signed in facsimile by the Governor of the State and the Committee just named, with a facsimile of the Seal of the State attached, and that the State Depart-ment of Conservation and Development is requested to print such invitations and forward them to suitable persons whose names may be furnished it and that all agencies of the State Government and county and municipal governments together with the press of the State, are asked to cooperate in all practicable and legitimate ways for promoting the objects and pur-poses of 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' as herein set forth. "Sec. 5. That this resolution shall be in full force and effect from and after its ratification. "Ratified, this the 13th day of March, A. D. 1929." Under the authority of the resolution quoted above the following Central Committee on Home-Coming was appointed: Governor O. Max Gardner. Hon. -Josephus Daniels (Secretary of the Navy, 1913-1921) publisher of the News and Observer. J. W. Harrelson, Director North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, Raleigh. Dr. E. C. Brooks, President of North Carolina State College, Raleigh. Mrs. A. L. Brooks, Greensboro. Dr. Delia Dixon Carrol, Physician, Ralegh. Dr. H. W. Chase, President, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Mrs. R. N. Duffie, New Bern. Hon. W. A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh. Mrs. John Sprunt Hill, DurTiam. Mrs. Thos. O'Berry, Goldsboro. Hon. Frank Page, Vice-President Wachovia Bank and Trust Co., Raleigh. Hon. John A. Park, Publisher Raleigh Times, Raleigh. Judge John J. Parker, Judge, 4th Circuit, Federal Court of Appeals, Charlotte. Dr. Clarence Poe, Publisher The Progressive Farmer, Raleigh. Mrs. W. B. Sullivan, Charlotte. Judge N. A. Townsend, Executive Council of the State Administration, Raleigh. Hon. Thos. S. White, President, North Carolina State Fair Board, Hert-ford. Mrs. John H. Anderson, Chapel Hill. On July 28th, 1929, Governor Gardner issued the following proclamation on "Home Coming": "Whereas, The State of North Carolina in the first quarter of the twen-tieth century has made an astounding record of progress which should now be reviewed by our citizens and made known to all interested Americans. Not in a spirit of pride or boasting should this be done but in a spirit of thanksgiving, aspiration, and dedication to the far greater tasks that lie yet ahead of us. We must make 'That which we have done but earnest of the things we yet shall do.' And "Whereas, In this spirit the last General Assembly of North Carolina provided for the State-wide observance of the week of October 14-19 as 'North Calolina Home-Coming Week" with the request that all native sons and daughters of North Carolina now residing outside the State be invited to return that week and participate in a great State home-coming celebra-tion at the State Capital and in local celebrations in evry progressive county of the State where such meetings can be arranged for. Now, there-fore, I, 0. Max Gardner, as Governor of the State, in accordance with this act of the Legislature, do hereby proclaim the week of October 14-19 as 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' and call upon all officials, citizens and the press of the State to cooperate in promcrting this progressive move-ment. "Of paramount importance will be the dedication that week of the new State-owned North Carolina State Fair Grounds with the most compre-hensive exhibits of our present-day progress and possibilities ever yet pre-sented, with addresses by eminent Americans and returned North Caro-linans broadcasted by radio to every corner of the State. During this Home-Coming Week every native North Carolinian now living outside the State is asked to see this exhibit of the State's resources at Raleigh and to visit again his native county and section. "To this end I call upon evei-y citizen to send in the names of all relatives and friends outside the State who should be invited to this celebration and I earnestly request the press of the State to cooperate by inserting blanks which will be sent for this purpose. "I also call upon the editors of the local papers in each county, the sec-retaries of the local chambers of commerce, the county farm and home agents, and the county superintendent of education, associating with them-selves such other persons as they may desire, to meet and organize 'County Home-Coming Celebration Committees' to supplement the major activities at the State Capital." Done at our City of Raleigh in this State of North Carolina, this twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hun-dred and twenty-nine and in the one hundred and fifty-fourth year of American Independence. Tyre C. Taylor, 0. Max Gardner, Private Secretary. Governor of North Carolina. 10 The Central Committee on Home-Coming met in the office of the Gov-ernor on Tuesday, July 30, 1929, the Hon. Josephus Daniels presiding in the absence of the Governor. The committee authorized preparation and the issuance of formal invitations to be sent to all native North Carolinians now living beyond the boundaries of North Carolina; recommended for for-mation of Home-Coming Committees in each County; designed suitable blanks to be used in compiling the list of persons to receive Home-Coming invitations; recommended that October 12 and 13 (Saturday and Sunday) be Home-Coming days for the counties of the State and that distinguished sons of the counties or of the State be requested to speak on Saturday and to occupy the pulpits of local churches on Sunday. The following plans were authorized for use in securing the names and addresses of former North Carolinians: (1) Examine all lists of distinguished persons such as the various "Who's Who." (2) Run blanks in all newspapers with request that people knowing the names and addresses of former North Carolinians fill the blanks and mail to the Department of Conservation and Development. (3) Secure out-of-State mailing lists from all alumni associations of colleges and universities located within the State. (4) Request County and State Officials to send list. (5) Secure the mailing list of all North Carolina societies of the various cities and States of the Union. (6 Request by radio that listeners-in send in names and addresses for the invitation list. (7) Request editors of all the newspapers to send in names and ad-dresses. The county Home-Coming committees were composed of members of the legislature, county commissioners, chairman county school board, clerk of superior court, register of deeds, county sheriff, superintendent of schools, farm agent, home demonstration agent, editors of newspapers and such other persons as the above mentioned officials may wish to select. The Central Committee selected the following General Invitation Com-mittee: Hon. Josephus Daniels, Hon. Frank Page, Dr. Clarence Poe, and J. W. Harrelson. Special Invitation Committee to distinguished North Carolinians, Hon. Josephus Daniels, Hon. Frank Page, Dr. Clarence Poe, Mrs. O'Berry, and Judge John H. Parker. Hon. Josephus Daniels was selected permanent Vice-Chairman and J. W. Harrelson permanent Secretary. Adjourned. The Invitation Committee at a meeting on July 31 adopted the following formal invitation to be sent to all persons whose names were on the mailing list: 11 THE GOVERNOR OF NORTH CAROLINA AND THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA THROUGH THE STATE COMMITTEE ON HOME-COMING WEEK CORDIALLY INVITE TO VISIT HIS NATIVE STATE AND COUNTY DURING THE PERIOD OF OCTOBER TWELFTH TO NINETEENTH NINETEEN HUNDRED AND T^VENTY-NINE AND TO PARTICIPATE IN HIS COUNTY CELEBRATION ON OCTOBER TWELFTH AND TO ATTEND THE DEDICATION OF THE NEW NORTH CAROLINA STATE FAIR DURING THE WEEK OF OCTOBER THIRTEENTH TO NINETEENTH 0. Max Gardner, Governor. SEAL JosEPUS Daniels, Vice-Chairvian. Many of the counties carried out in an admirable manner the wishes of the Central Committee relative to county celebrations. Some counties made feeble efforts and failed. More than one-half of the counties of the State made no effort whatsoever to hold a celebration. The Department of Conservation and Development secured by the various methods authorized by the Central Committee the mailing' list of approx-imately 13,000 names. To each person whose name appeared on the list was sent about six weeks in advance of the celebration an informal invi-tation. The informal invitation contained a message from Governor Gard-ner, a statement of the objectives for the Home-Coming celebration, and facts and figures showing something of the State's prosperity since 1900 and a statement relative to the Library Dedication at the University of North Carolina. The following program for Raleigh and vicinity was approved by the Central Committee on Home-Coming: Sunday : 8:30 p. m.—Services at the City Auditorium, Raleigh, sponsored by all of the churches of Raleigh; Speaker, Dr. Geo. W. Truette, President of the Southern Baptist Conference, and Pastor of the First Baptist Church, Dallas, Texas. Monday : Children's Day at State Fair 6:30 p. m.—Banquet in honor of distinguished Home-Comers by Raleigh Chamber of Commerce at Sir Walter Hotel. 12 Tuesday : 12:00—Address at State Fair grandstand by Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York. Governor Roosevelt will have an escort of honor from downtown to State Fair Grounds. Address will be broadcast by State WPTF. 7:30 p. m.—Gathering of Home-Comers and residents on Capitol Square for celebration of Light's Golden Jubilee. Flood lighting on Capitol will be inaugurated. Songs of other days by singers in Colonial costume. Music by student bands from University of North Carolina, State College, Duke, and Wake Forest. Address on Thomas Edison's genius by Josephus Daniels. Acceptance of lighting system by Governor Gardner and address by Governor Roosevelt. All talks will be brief. Program will be broadcast. 10; 00 p. m.—Dance by Spinx Club at Carolina Country Club. Wednesday : 12:00—Dedication of State Fair Buildings and Grounds by Governor 0. Max Gardner from stand in main building. Introduction of Governor by Miss Annie Cherry, President North Carolina Educational Association. 12:30 p. m.—Address by Hon. Joseph M. Dixon, Assistant Secretary of the Interior and a former United States Senator and Governor of Montana a native of Alamance County, from stand in main building. A guard of honor will escort speaker from Sir Walter Hotel to Fair Grounds. Address will be broadcast from Radio Station WPTF. Thursday Carolina Day at State Fair General Get-together of North Carolinians and Visitors at Fair Grouunds 2:00 p. m.—State College-Wake Forest football game at State College. Friday : Durham-Duke Day at Durham 1:30 p. m.—Guests meet at Washington Duke Hotel. 2:00 p. m.—Inspection of the Liggett and Myers Tobacco Factory plant (formerly W. Duke Sons & Company plant) where Piedmont and Chester-field cigarettes are manufactured. 3:00 p. m.—Assemble at the East Duke Building on the old campus for inspection of the new Duke University buildings. 4:00 p. m.—Tea and reception on the new Duke University Campus by Duke University until 5:00 p. m. 7:00 p. m.—Dinner in honor of the guests by the Durham County Alumni Association of the University of North Carolina in the main dining room of the Washington Duke Hotel. Membership courtesies of the Hope Valley Country Club, which includes the golf links, will be extended to visitors. Saturday : University of North Carolina Day, at Chapel Hill 11:00 a. m.—Dedication of new $625,000 Library Building by President H. W. Chase, Libarian R. L. Wilson and Committee of Trustees consist-ing of John Sprunt Hill, Chairman; Josephus Daniels; Former Governor A. W. McLean; Congressman Chas. A. Jones; and Rev. J. T. Mangum. 13 Andrew Keogh, President American Library Association, principal dedi-catory speaker. 2:00 p. m.—Carolina-Georgia football game at Kenan Stadium. 5:00 p. m.—Reception and open house at Library Building. 7:30 p. m.—Complimentary performance by the Carolina Play Makers. Saturday will be the initial day of meetings of the Conference of Ed-ucation in the South, the Southeastern Library Association, and the North Carolina Association at Chapel Hill. Home-Comers are requested to register at booth at State Fair where at-tendant will be on hand to give information and to extend courtesies to visitors. This program was carried out in detail. During the days on which the fair ground was open the Department of Conservation and Development maintained a registration booth in front of its exhibit in one of the exhibition halls on the fair grounds. The response on the part of former North Carolinians to requests to pay a visit to the home State was well worth the efforts and cost. The im-pression on former citizens of this State and people generally through the country was most favorable. "Down Homers", and others, felt that the State Government and the citizens of the "Old North State" had an interest in the welfai'e of those born here and now living elsewhere. Many of our own people here learned more of their own State and took great pride in telling the returned ones about it; all of which lent something to the strengthening of our State-gi'oup feeling. Recommendations: It is recommended that a similar celebration be held at the end of each five year period. The programs for future home-coming celebrations should be worked out in such a way that more responsibility can he placed on the counties of the State. The program for the first day or two of the celebration should be a county affair in its entirety. One of the methods by which proper sup-port can be received from the counties would be to have the invitations ex-tended from the Governor of North Carolina, the General Assembly of North Carolina, and from individual persons or central committees in the counties concerned. The formal invitation should be printed as was the case in 1929 by a duly authorized State agency and sent to the counties for distribution to persons who are interest in inviting some former North Carolinian to come to the State for the celebration. The third of the three parties in whose name the invitations ai-e extended should then be written in the blank space in the invitation before it is mailed to the former North Carolinian. Former Tar Heels are more interested in returning to their State if the invitations are sent directlj'^ from some person or group of persons at the old home. It is believed that if the invitations are sent from the residents of the former home counties of North Carolinians now living elsewhere that the response will be more spontaneous. 14 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS (Including Divisions of Commerce and Industry and Public Relations) BIENNIAL PERIOD ENDING JUNE 30, 1930 RECEIPTS 1928-29 1929-30 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 109-1 Burroughs Bookkeeping Machine. Salary, Head of Department . . Salaries and Wages Office Supplies Postage, tel. Exp. and Freight. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs General Expense Equipment Total Expenditures . Less Receipts Appropriation . 6,000.00 5,275.60 524.46 2,603.79 1,273.29 15,552.79 24.19 257.74 327.76 6,000.00 1,429.50 476.48 1,433.00 1,928.43 3,965.25 104.49 1,544.88 182.13 1,140.75 $ 31,839.62 620.65 $ 28,204.91 892 . 89 $ 31,218.97 15 DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Park Mathewson, Statistician and Assistant Director* Mrs. Elsie P. Dunn, Stenographer The death of Park Mathewson, Assistant Director and Statistician in charge of this Division, makes it impossible to render a complete account of the Division's activities during the biennium. Some of the projects launched by Mr. Mathewson were left uncompleted and others had been proposed but not yet defintely set under way. This report, because of the circumstances, will give only an outline and brief summary of the program and accomplishments of the Division. Where sufficient information cannot be obtained, it will set forth some of the items in outline form. "Resources and Industries" Perhaps the largest task of the biennium consisted of assembling, ar-ranging, and publishing "Resources and Industries," which is believed to be the most thorough inventory of resources and industries ever made in North Carolina. The publication contains almost 300 pages of tabulated statistics and discussions of raw materials and industries of the State. Its compilation is a result of more than a year of studies and field surveys in which all Divisions of the Department took a part and for which cooperation was obtained from a number of other State Departments. Charts, maps, and diagrams, used freely in the publication, picture graphically the present status and industrial growth of the State. They also designate various features of the development and the position of the commonwealth among other States. All illustrations shown in the volume were prepared especially for this use. An outstanding feature of the publication is the segregation of statistics by counties, together with a brief discussion of the natural resources and their development for every county. Each county section of the volume is accompanied by an outline map which shows its principal physical features and characteristics. The following outline gives an idea of the contents of the publication : Location Map of North Carolina. Foreward, Director. Table of Contents. Mr. Mathewson died June 3 while attending a national meeting of the Sons of the American Revolution at Asbury Park, N. J. He had held the office of Statistician and Assistant Director since the creation of the Division of Commerce and Industry in 1927. His work introduced a new feature of activity to the Department and what is believed to be a new angle to State governmental operation in the Nation. 16 PART ONE Chart, Trend Largest Industries, 1899-1928. Physical Divisions and Soils of North Carolina. Raw Materials: a. Minerals and Products. b. Forest Resources and Industries. Agriculture. Industries of the State : a. Water Resources and Power. b. Cotton, Textiles, Rayon. c. Tobacco and Its Products. d. Furniture Industry. e. Water Products; Fish and Shellfish. f. Resorts, Recretation, Game and Fish. g. Banks and Banking. Communications : a. North Carolina's Location and Communications. b. Highways of the State. c. Map; State Railways, Highways, Airways. d. Map; Passenger and Freight Motor Lines, Inland Waterway. Population, Labor, Wages. Wealth and Taxes. Opportunities in Industry. Statistics of all Industries of North Carolina. PART TWO Map of State, by Counties and Regions. Facts and Figures of the 100 Counties. Manufactures by Counties, for 1927. Detailed Data of Each of the 100 Counties. Board and Officials, Department Conservation and Development. Acknowledgements. Because of the size of the volume and the expense of printing, making a severe drain on the Department's limited printing fund and curtailing the issuance of other materials, it was found necessary to set a price on the publication, $1 being charged for the bound volume and 50c for the paper cover with 10c additional in each case for postage. This book has met a consistent demand from the State as well as from various agencies throughout the Nation which request detailed informa-tion regarding the State, its resources, and their development. Through the cooperation of the Department of Education, "Resources and Indus-tries" has been placed in virtually every public school library in North Car-olina, and has been adopted as a text book by classes at several colleges in 17 the State. Repeat orders for the book from colleges show the large extent to which it has. been put to practical service. Colleges and institutions throughout the nation have placed the volume in their libraries and re-search files. Plans have been made to revise the publication with latest figures available as often as conditions warrant and as funds are obtained for the purpose. Census of Manufactures The Department of Conservation and Development was granted special permission by the U. S. Bureau of the Census in 1928 to take the regular biennial census of manufactures, the second State to be accorded this priv-ilege, and consequently the Statistician of the Department was sworn in as a special agent of the Census Bureau to supervise the enumeration. Fred. W. Coil, agent of the Federal Bureau, was assigned to have active charge of the work and to direct a clerical force supplied by the State. This arrangement proved highly effective and thoroughly satisfactory to the Department, and it is believed that the results were pleasing to the Federal Bureau. As a result. North Carolina was the first State in the Nation to know definitely its industrial status in regard to output of fac-tories and mills, the number of establishments, number of wage earners, amount of wages and other features of its industrial life for the year 1927. These totals were known and used in North Carolina months in advance of their availibility in other States and almost a year before they could have been supplied had this State waited the tabulation of figures for the entire Nation. Taking of the census allowed the Department to tabulate totals by counties in which form they had not heretofore been available. It also provided a copy of every schedule for the files of the Department which have been useful in special surveys, studies, and enumerations. Consider-ing the expense and effort expended, it is believed that North Carolina profited from the arrangement and that it should be continued if funds can be found available for the purpose. Flow of Goods Survey Newest of the statistical features and studies of the Division of Com-merce and Industry and perhaps an innovation for any State agency was a study during the biennium of the flow of goods into North Carolina for use in manufacturing processes, preliminary figures of which were an-nounced shortly before the close of this report period. The survey was undertaken for the purpose of showing the degree to which this State furnishes raw or partly processed materials for its own factories and mills and the classes and costs of these goods. This informa-tion, it is believed, will call attention to the local demand for additional products and lead the way to the development of new industries that will help to supply the needs pointed out in the survey. Available figures from the survey show that 532 of approximately 3,000 of the principal manufacturing establishments of the State purchased else-where and brought into the State some $49,000,000 worth of materials and supplies in one year. Taking this as a cross-section of the manufacturing 18 establishments of North Carolina, it was estimated that the total of goods purchased in other States by North Carolina manufacturers amounts to between $150,000,000 and $200,000,000 annually. A tabulation of the returns from the survey shows total values in classi-fications ranging from $10,000 to $16,000,000. Many of the articles, it is believed, can be produced as cheaply in North Carolina as elsewhere and they suggest possible opportunities for expanding the industries of the State. Further detailed study of the returns from the survey is believed to have possibilities of offering further helpful suggestions to the industrial life of the State. The Federal government, as part of the decennial census, in 1930 is under-taking a census of distribution which will go more deeply into problems of distribution than the State study contemplated. These surveys pioneer the way for further consideration of distribution which may help to bring about more efficient operation of industry and a saving in cost to the con-sumer. Miscellaneous Activities Other items to which time and consideration have been given by the Division of Commerce and Industry include the following: 1. A fourth edition of "Facts and Figures", a digest of outstanding points about North Carolina, was issued. This leaflet shows the position which the State enjoys in comparison with others, particularly those lines in which the State leads or excels. The leaflet has proved to be one of the most popular of all of the publications issued by the Department, being greatly in demand by schools and as a general advertising medium for those living elsewhere who are interes'ted in the State as a prospective home or location for industry. 2. Assisted in laying the foundation for an organization of States of the Southeast along lines similar to that followed by the New England Council which has proved to be an important factor in the life of that section of the counti-y. Such an organization in the Southeast, it is be-lieved, would recognize the fact that many of the economic problems of the section are not confined strictly to State lines but are sectional in character and their solution will require concerted action on the part of various com-monwealths aff'ected. Governor O. Max Gardner called a preliminary conference at Asheville on April 28 to consider the feasibility of forming such an organization of States of the Southeast. A resolution to proceed with a permanent or-ganization was unanimously adopted and delegates to the meeting reflected considerable enthusiasm for the proposed organization. 3. This Division has cooperated with other agencies of the State in seeking to obtain the elimination of discriminatory freight rates that burden North Carolina shippers. The Division head attended hearings on this subject and has extended cooperation in every practical manner within his province. 4. Launched a program to show opportunity for expanding the alum-inum ware industry in North Carolina. Attention was called to the fact 19 that although this State is one of the largest producers of pig aluminum in the Nation, none of the material is manufactured into finished ware here. 5. Assembled figures on the tax and debt situation in various counties for use in promoting the industrial development of the State. 6. Promoted the report of monthly statistics by North Carolina mer-chants in order that they might have advantages of this service off"ered by the Federal Reserve Bank of the Fifth District in which the State is sit-uated. This service gives a regular periodical index of trade conditions, enabling cooperating merchants to compare their sales with those in other cities and States and to plan their buying program in accordance with in-formation gained thereby as well as providing other useful trade informa-tion. Largely through efforts from this Division, merchantile firms from Ashe-ville, Durham, Charlotte, Raleigh, Winston-Salem, Burlington, Salisbury, Lexington, and Gastonia, were induced to begin this service. 7. Continued service as Trade Secretary of the U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. This consists largely of a close contact with business and industry for distributing the varied trade information of-fered by the Federal Bureau. Not only does the Bureau assist American firms actively to expand their foreign markets by keeping them informed of the trends and conditions, but it carries out varied studies and researches for the purpose of accomplishing economies and increasing efliiciency in trade. Being a rapidly growing industrial State, it is important that North Carolina's marketing facilities be studied and expanded to meet current demands if progress is to continue. 8. Close contacts were maintained with the various local Chambers of Commerce and industrial bureaus of the State. This Division has served as a clearing house for State-wide information, and has undertaken to the extent of its facilities, the collection and consoHdation of local information upon request. The Division has lent special assistance when called upon in helping to land new industries for various localities. 9. Assistance was given by the Division in efforts to obtain a 30-foot channel for Wilmington through the preparation of a brief which involved exhaustive studies. Similar information was assembled to promote the de-velopment of a harbor at Beaufort. 10. The Division has acted as a statistical gathering and collating agency to meet special requests for information regarding North Carolina. Statistics on the State have been furnished to magazines for feature ar-ticles, to research agencies, and to advertising agencies having contracts in North Carolina. Considerable work is also done to meet individual re-quests for information and statistics. 20 DIVISION OF FORESTRY J. S. Holmes, State Forester Chas. H. Flory, Assistant Forester F. H. Claridge, Assistant Forester Grace White, Accounting Clerk-Stenographer Elsie Hobby, Stenographer Annie Ramsey, Stenograjjher Mabel Duke, Stenographer Mrs. Mary P. Phillips, Stenographer The conservation of the forest resources of the State for the economic and social welfare of our present and future citizens is no mean job. It in-volves the question as to what is the best use of the land and the relation of foxiest areas to the soils, waters and wild life of the State and deals with the human uses of such areas. The prevention and suppression of forest fires is still the largest part of the work of the Forestry Division, not only because of its supreme im-portance, but also because nearly 80 per cent of the total budget of the Division is given specifically for this purpose. It is, however, impossible to consider one feature of the work as separate from the rest. The dis-tribution of planting stock stimulates public interest in forest protection, and recreational and scenic areas must be protected from fire. The ed-ucational work carried on by the whole Division, not only gradually brings about a State-wide forest mindedness, but cultivates a broad appreciation of the interdependence of humanity and all other living things. FOREST FIRE CONTROL Personnel. There has been little change in personnel during the past eighteen months, most of the changes listed below having taken place in the first half year of this biennium. W. A. Peterson who was acting as special agent on the timber resource study for the Division, was appointed District Forester in charge of District No. 3, headquarters at Fayetteville, July 20, 1928. W. L. Nothstein, also acting as special agent on the timber study, was appointed Junior Forester in charge of visual education on September 7, 1928. Nothstein was later promoted to the rank of District Forester in charge of District No. 2, headquarters at Lenoir, on January 28, 1929. A. D. Folweiler, formerly with the U. S. Forest Service at Asheville, was appointed as District Forester in District No. 2 on August 8, 1928, to fill the vacancy made by the resignation of H. M. Sebring. Folweiler was transferred as District Forester to District No. 4, headquarters at New Bern, on January 28, 1929, to fill a vacancy left by E. M. Eutsler. E. M. Eutsler, District Forester in District No. 4, since June, 1928, re-signed December 7, 1928. 21 W. C. Hammerle, formerly a senior ranger on the Cherokee National Forest, was appointed District Forester in the newly created District No. 6, with headquarters at Wilmington, on July 1, 1929. E. P. Simmons, Chief Warden in District No. 4, headquarters New Bern, resigned August 20, 1928, to take up work with the American Forestry Association. F. L. Hooker, County Warden of Craven County, was promoted in Aug-ust, 1928, to the rank of Chief Warden in District No. 4. H. R. Miller, County Warden of Hertford County, was promoted to the rank of Chief Warden in District No. 5, headquarters at Windsor, on a part time basis on August 1, 1928. He was placed on full time duty on July 1, 1929, when a total of eight cooperating counties were had in the District. C. H. Hearn, Chief Warden in District No. 3, was transferred to take charge of the motion picture truck, on February 1, 1929. T. R. McMillan, County Warden of Duplin County, was promoted to the grade of Chief Warden in District No. 3, headquarters at Fayetteville, on February 1, 1929. Mary L. Waters, Clerk in District No. 4 office, resigned May 1, 1929. She was succeeded by Annie K. Cook on the date of May 15, 1929. Mable C. Duke was transferred from the Division of Commerce and In-dustry to the Forest Fire Control branch on July 11, 1929, when the new District No. 6 office opened, and a number of new cooperating counties were added. T. C. Evans, a graduate of the 1930 forestry class at North Carolina State College has been given temporary employment as construction fore-man on improvements beginning June 15, 1930. The immense turnover in personnel during the summer of 1928 was finally adjusted near the end of that year. There seems no doubt that this frequent turnover is largely due to the low rate of salaries paid technical men in this State. Of the ten technical men and one non-technical man who left the service during the past four and a half years, nine of them did so at considerable increases in salary. Workman's Compensation. One of the most important questions in re-lation to the personnel of the Forestry Division is the rating of each class of employees under the Workman's Compensation Law of 1929. Although State departments are held responsible for compensation under the law just as corporations and firms are, no provision has been made in the budget for paying the awards of the Industrial Commission. This should be provided under a contingent item or an emergency allotment. The question has come up this past spring as to whether a fire fighter properly summond is a State employee under the meaning of the act. The Commission and the Attorney General differ on this question and compensa-tion awarded by the former for the loss of an eye while fighting fire has been held up until the case can be reviewed by the Superior Court, and, probably, by the Supreme Court. Cooperation, a. Federal. Under Section 2 of the Clark-McNary Law, the Department received financial assistance from the Federal government 22 in forest fire control during the fiscal year 1928-29 in the amount of $41,438, and during the 1929-30 fiscal year, $44,757, a total increase of $10,757 over the last biennium. North Carolina receives more Federal money for this pur-pose than any other Southern State and at the present time receives the tenth largest allotment of the thirty-nine states that qualify. Beginning with the 1930-31 fiscal year, the new classification of allotments becomes effective which will give a further increase provided this can be matched from other funds. b. State. The people of North Carolina have not yet realized the im-portance, magnitude or permanence of this State job of protecting from fire the twenty-million acre tree crop so that its owners can reasonably expect revenue from every acre. During the 1928-29 fiscal year a State ap-propriation of only $29,374 was received. For the 1929-30 fiscal year $12,031 was allotted from the $30,000 total State appropriation for forestry; but the appropriation bill also provided for a transfer of $42,020 of game funds to forest fire control which brought up the State's part of the total fire con-trol fund to $54,051.. This remaining part of the total budget figure of $136,864 was contributed by the various cooperating agencies. c. Special State Approlyriation. (Great Smoky Mountains National Park.) A special State appropriation of $4,500 for fire protection on the lands of the proposed Great Smoky Mountains National Park was given for the 1929-31 biennium, $3,000 of which was to be used for the 1929-30 fiscal year and $1,300 for the 1930-31 fiscal year. Protection of these lands be-gan in the spring of 1929 when $650 was advanced by the North Carolina Park Commission to be utilized during that spring fire season. Due to the severity of the spring fire season of 1930, this allotment of $3,000 was slightly overdrawn, but the balance remaining will probably be sufficient to carry the work through the first six months period of the 1930-31 fiscal year, during which time it is expected that the Federal government will assume protection of these lands. Ten patrolmen were on duty during the spring of 1930. d. County Cooperation. County cooperation increased from thirty-one counties in the 1927-28 fiscal year to thirty-eight counties in the 1928-29 fiscal year and forty-four counties in 1929-30. The total allotments from these counties increased from $21,600 during 1927-28 to $24,050 in 1928-29 and $30,625 (budget estimate) in 1929-30. Allotments from counties are now considerably larger than in past years, yet the majority of the counties still provide an insufficient amount to properly carry on the work in the county. In requesting these allotments from counties, they are now estimated on the basis of forest land to be protected and the hazard presented rather than the county's ability to pay. All contracts are on a "fifty-fifty" basis, the fiscal year corresponding to the State's, and counties cannot withdraw their cooperation during the period of the fiscal year. The following table shows the cooperating counties together with the amounts provided during the biennium. Counties Appropria-tions F. Y. 192S-29 Appropria-tions F. Y. 1929-30 Alexander. . . Avery Beaufort .... Bertie Brunswick . . . Buncombe . . . Burke Caldwell Columbus. . . Craven Cumberland . . Chowan Duplin Edgecombe. . Greene HaUfax Harnett Haywood Henderson . . . . Hertford Hoke Jackson Lee Lenoir Macon McDowell . . . . Madison Montgomery . . Moore New Hanover. Northampton . Pitt Polk Richmond .... Robeson Rutherford . . . Scotland Surry Swain Transylvania . . Warren Washington . . . Wayne Wilkes Wilson Yancey 200* 300 800 1,000 1,000 360 650 l,900t 750 300 1,200 500 600 500 400 300 500 400 500 300 1,100 400 700 500 750 300 .^00 7.50 300 1,200 GOO 500 500 500 400 1,000 500 500 300 S 350 300 1,250 800 1,000 1,000 400 750 2,000 1,000 750 300 500 500 600 654 400 350 500 500 500 375 600 200* 700 500 750 800 750 500 750 300 750 1,200 600 500 500 500 500 600 1,000 500 650 300 Part year. tincludes $750 for tower. 24 e. Private Cooperation. At the close of the biennium sixty companies, firms, and individuals formed into thirteen associations were paying an as-sessment rate of from 1 cent to 2^/^ cents per acre for special fire protection on their holdings which total 319,163 acres. One association began its work with an assessment rate of 5 cents per acre in order to immediately provide for improvements necessary for intensive protection. At the close of the biennium total private association assessments amounted to $4,989. Ex-cellent results have been obtained on these areas proving the feasibility of continuing and expanding this form of cooperation. The proposed Dismal Swamp Association in the Northeastern part of the State as well as a pro-posed 40,000 acre association in Wilkes County had to be continued for further action until additional State funds became available to match the cooperators' funds. With little additional work the areas of private lands under this form of protection could be greatly expanded. The following statement gives the names of the organizations cooperating with the State Forest Service on June 30, 1930, together with the rate of assessment, the counties in which the lands lie, the names of the land owners and the number of acres listed under the protection agreement by each owner. FOREST PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS Name and Assessment Rate Counties Individuals Acreage Chemical Wood Corporation, 2c Elk Creek Protective Ass'n, Ic South Mountain Association, Ic Avery and Mitchell Watauga, Wilkes and Caldwell Burke, McDowell and Rutherford Table Rook Protective Ass'n, Ic Moore Protective Ass'n, 2c Burke Moore Chemical Wood Corporation Elk Creek Lumber Company Wright-Bachman Lbr. Co C. M. Benedict Hutton-Bourbonnais Lbr. Co Town of Morganton Virginia Greyson Realty Loan & Guaranty Co South Mountain Development Co.. North Carolina School for Deaf . . . State Hospital F. W. Hossfield MuU-McGimpsey D. E. Latham Holston Corporation Packer and Harrison Ralph W. Page L. L. Biddle Augustine Healy Pinehurst, Inc Pine Needles Inn Midland Farms M. W. Marr M. C. McDonald H. C. Buchanan Geo. P. Hawea 3,000 40,000 20,000 470 13,601 3,000 407 2,150 1,100 513 2,000 1,400 500 640 2,767 25,900 350 111 280 3,705 531 837 500 1,500 2,000 50 25 FOREST PROTECTIVE ASSSOCIATION—CoreKnued Name Overhilla Protective Asa'n, Ic Craven Protective Asa'n, 2c Serp 11 Timber Corp., 1 3^o Camp Mfg. Co., Ic Camp Mfg. Co., Ic Foreman-Bladrs Lbr. Co., Ic Cooper River Timber Co., 2c Waccamaw Prot. Asa'n, 2 ' ic Counties Harnett Craven Carteret Bertie Hertford, Gates Bertie Pender Bladen and Columbus Individuals Knollwood Inc Frank Maples Pinewild Farm Moore Co., Inc S. B. Chapin V. Z. Reed James Barker Mid Pines Country Club Mrs. E. C. Bliss Judge W. A. Way D. J. Ross Paul Dana Marr Farms W. M. Hutt Samuel G. Allen John Powell Miss Alice Presbrey Never Fail Farm Alex Sprunt Ovcrhills Land Co Van Lindley Nursery. . . Neuse Lumber Co Empire Mfg. Co Pine Lumber Co Rowland Lumber Co. . . . Serpell Timber Corp. . . . Camp Mfg. Co Camp Mfg. Co Foreman-Blades Lbr. Co. Cooper River Timber Co Waccamaw Lumber Co . Eric Norden K. Clyde Council Cooper River Timber Co Acreage 1,000 50 1,750 2S0 800 378 2,000 180 150 450 425 250 500 75 50 126 70 5,000 0,000 30,000 1,340 835 4,973 17,600 2,000 6,600 19,952 25,507 23,819 10,280 4,000 5,000 4,404 16,007 /. Cooperation WitKin the Department. Cooperation with the Game and Fish Divisions has developed during the biennium. Of the total of thirty-nine counties cooperating in fire control at the end of the 1928-29 fiscal year, twenty-five of the county wardens were combined game, fish and forest wardens, and at the end of the 1929-30 fiscal year, of the forty-four counties cooperating, thirty-five of the county wardens held these com-bined appointments. This assured full time service from these men re-sulting in higher efficiency and greater economy. In addition to the com-bined wardens, one District Forester is temporarily serving as a district 26 game and fish warden and two chief forest wardens and one county forest warden also serve as district game and fish wardens. g. Railroad Cooperation. All the major railroads in the State as well as some smaller ones are cooperating in fire control work to the extent of burning rights-of-way and giving closer inspection to spark arresters and ashpans and instructing their employees in care with fire. Every railroad billed for suppression costs of fires for which they are held responsible has paid these costs during the past year. There is much to be done, however, in the way of instructing track foremen in the proper methods of right-of-way burning and to have closer and better inspection given to spark ar-resters and ashpans. Conferences are being planned with all the larger railroads to secure their closer cooperation in proper fire control measures. Progress in Protection. The following chart shows the progress made during the two fiscal years compared with two previous bienniums. PROGRESS CHART June 30, 1925 June 30, 1927 June 30, 1929 June 30, 1930 District Foresters (Number) 4 5 4 25 550 2,800 5 5 42 886 3,541 2,053 6 Chief Wardens (Number) 6 County Forest Wardens (Number) District Forest Wardens (Number) Deputy Forest Wardens (Number) Minute Men (Number) 20 261 1,530 45 1,115 4,071 2,299 Total Forest Wardens and Minute Men .... 1,815 3,384 6,532 7,541 Counties Coop-Crating (Number) 25 5 6,729,802 26 21 6,995,038 38 55 8,675,030 44 Private Timberland Owners Cooperating (Number) 60 Forest Land Under State Protection 10,067,763 1 9,827 14,600 2,410 16,990 24,050 3,581 29,374 30,625 Appropriations by Private Owners 4,989 Appropriations by State: 18,682 12,031 , 42,020 Special for Smoky Mountains Parlv 558 41,438 2,442 Appropriation by Federal Government 19,875 34,000 44,757 % 48,384 $ 68,000 $ 99,001* $ 136 864 *Budget figure plus S558 for Smoky Mountains Park protection. Equipment and ImjDrovements. a. Fire Fighting Equipment. Non-expendible fire fighting equipment purchased and distributed to the warden organization during the period of this report includes 1,640 fire rakes, 1,414 knapsack pumps, 349 brush hooks, one gross fussees, 8 lanterns, 102 buckets, 195 fire swatters, and 12 trailers. The trailers are equipped with stake bodies for transporting equipment, fair material, etc., as well as tanks for water. 27 The major portion of the fire fighting equipment is now being purchased with cooperative money and supplemented by purchases from State funds; and an approach is being made to adequately equip field forces. Most purchases are made from unexpended balances remaining at the end of the fiscal year so that no handicap is placed on the fire prevention activities. During the fall period of 1928, a recently patented machine designed for brushing a fire line was tested out in Columbus County to determine its merits for use in this State. The machine did not prove satisfactory. Two recently improved back-fire torches designed by the Houck Manufac-turing Company and a similar torch manufactured by the Aeriel Torch Company were tested and while all three of these torches were approved, lack of funds prevents their purchase at the present time. They are, how-ever, highly recommended for use in burning fire lines and safety strips and should be a part of all railroad right-of-way burning equipment. The fire swatter listed above has been put on the market by the Council Tool Company, a North Carolina firm. This tool, which has been given wide use in the Gulf States, will be adopted as standard fire fighting equipment with us. 6. Lookout Towers. period as follows: Ten steel lookout towers were erected during this LOOKOUT TOWERS Name Hfight No. Ft. County Location Horse Ridge 35 80 100 93 35 35 47 100 93 100 Burke Pembroke Robeson Craven Columbus Croatan Waccamaw Duggar On Duggar Mountain near Penley Buncombe WUkos Robeson Hertford Brunswick All of the above are inside-stairway type towers except Duggar wRich is an inside-ladder type. All towers erected during the period of this report were purchased from the funds of cooperating units. There are now twenty towers in the detection system consisting of one stone, three wood and sixteen steel towers, all of which are considered as primary stations in the proposed system of one hundred and twenty-five towers. In ad-dition to the above, through cooperation with the Pisgah National Forest, a lookout has been placed on Table Rock where no tower has been neces-sary. A cabin has been erected at the base of the Rock for the shelter of the observer. A wooden cabin has also been built at the base of the Horse Ridge tower for the same purpose. Lack of funds to erect sufficient towers necessitates the use of existing structures for lookout purposes and the following stations were manned 28 during the 1930 spring fire season in addition to the twenty lookout towers : Carolina Hotel, Pinehurst; State Sanatorium, Hoke County; North Caro-lina Bank and Trust Company's Building, Wilmington; Wayne National Bank Building, Goldsboro, and the First National Bank Building in Wilson. A temporary map stand worked up by D-4 is being used on the buildings that are serving as temporary lookout points. A budget ruling preventing the transfer of money from "Personal Serv-ices" to "Equipment" under the Cooperative item has prevented the pur-chase of a 100-foot steel lookout tower from the unexpended balances re-maining in Columbus County at the close of the 1929-30 fiscal year. This tower will be purchased and erected immediately after July 1, 1930. A number of companies manufacturing steel lookout towers were in-terested in supplying our needs so tower bids from five of these companies were asked in January, 1929. One North Carolina bid and four bids from outside of the State were received, the Aermotor Company of Chicago under-bidding all other manufacturers. Their three types of steel towers have been adopted as standard. c. Telephone Lines. During the period of this report, a total of 64.26 miles of telephone line was constructed, consisting of 28.1 miles of ground circuit line and 36.16 miles of metallic circuit. There are now in the tele-phone system under State control 89.73 miles of metallic circuit line and 35.85 miles of ground circuit line, a total of 125.58 miles. All telephone lines are constructed with the intention of tying in lookout towers with the District offices and with the warden organization. Six miles of ground circuit line were constructed by the U. S. Forest Service from Jonas Ridge to Table Rock lookout in Burke County. This line will be maintained by us. Poles have been set for two miles of metallic circuit line to connect the Pembroke tower with the local telephone company in Pembroke, Robeson County. Construction is also going ahead at the present time on nine miles of ground circuit line to connect Table Rock lookout with District Warden Beck in Burke County and plans are completed to build two ad-ditional spur lines of sixteen miles from the Elk Creek telephone system in connection with Duggar Mountain tower. Considerable additional tele-phone line work will be required during the next six months period. Prevention Publicity, a. Motion Pictures. To broaden out prevention activities, a complete portable motion picture outfit was purchased in Sep-tember, 1928, to tour the State and give motion pictures, illustrated talks and lectures to school children, camps, civic clubs, fairs, expositions or any meeting where sufficient people could be gathered together to be interested in the project. In addition to the truck the outfit included a 1,000 SVE Acme Projector, a Kohler Model 15-watt generator, a slide projector, a 10x12 foot rubber screen and a 4x5 foot daylight screen. Twelve reels of forestry mo-tion pictures showing forests and wild life were included. Camping equip-ment including a cot, mattress, blanket and cooking utensils form a neces-sary part of this outfit. The purchase of the truck and equipment was made in connection with the purchase of five similar units outfited by the American Forestry As-sociation at Atlanta. The whole of this equipment when completed cost 29 $4,665.12 and was purchased at a saving of approximately 30 per cent of the local prices. A technically trained forester was at first employed to operate the project, but he was later replaced by a local man. After the Game Division made us its five-reel game and fish picture which has been continually used in the project, it shared with the Forestry Division the payment of this man's salary. The outfit was first of all placed on a fair schedule and attended ten fairs principally in the eastern part of the State during Sep-tember and October of 1928, as well as during the fall months of 1929. On November 10, 1928, the school showings were started in District No. 1, the unit operating six days to the week from that date to the present time except during an influenza epidemic in January, 1929, when the schools in the western part of the State were closed. The educational truck from its beginning to the date of June 15, 1930, covered 58 counties, gave 449 shows ^vith a total attendance of 110,498, of which 49,111 were adults and 61,387 were children. In addition 27 talks and lectures were given on occasions when it was not possible to show the pictures. Counties cooperating in forest fire control were first given attention, but in the past six months counties have been visited in the order of minimum travel. It is intended that the project shall cover all the larger rural schools of the State and it is expected that the program will extend well into 1932. Much favorable comment has reached the central office on the influence of this project and its cost has been well worth while. An auxiliary motor picture outfit, consisting of a DeVry projector. Homo-lite generator, and a complete set of films is also available and has been used for more intensified work and to take care of local showings in smaller schools not covered by the truck project. The outfit has been used in all Districts during the period of this report with highly satisfactory results. A new forestry picture, "Friends of Man" was made in connection with the motion picture project. It was found that very few forestry pictures available for showing, gave true southern conditions. It was therefore de-cided to make a picture of three or four reels dealing primarily with forest conditions in the Coastal Plain section of Noi-th Carolina and equally ap-plicable to similar conditions in the southeast and Gulf States. The matter was accordingly taken up with the U. S. Forest Service and in the fall of 1928 a scenario for the picture was worked up. The Office of Motion Pic-tures, U. S. Department of Agriculture, supervised the taking of the film, the work on which began on March 22 and ended on April 14, 1929. One professional actor was hired and another actor was brought from the Ar-kansas National Forest, the remainder of the characters used being from Wilmington. The thanks of this Department are due Mrs. Hugh MacRae and other members of the Little Theatre Guild of Wilmington for their deep interest and invaluable help in staging the picture which was made largely in New Hanover County. The American Forestry Association co-operated financially to the amount of $500 and this Department's expenses amounted to $523. The U. S. Department of Agriculture furnished all technical men, camera equipment and supplies, directed the field work and developed and assembled the picture. The completed four-reel picture be-came available in January, 1930, and is now being used throughout the 30 State. A number of Southern States have purchased copies of the picture as well as some of the Northern and Northwestern States. Mr. Flory closely supervised the production of this picture and was untiring in- his efforts to bi'ing the parties together and make a success of this all North Carolina movie. The West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company very courteously presented the Department with a copy of a one-reel picture "When Trees Talk" made by them. This interesting picture is being used at the present time on the educational truck. b. Fair and Other Exhibits. During the biennium, two portable ex-hibits were used in the eastern and western parts of the State which cov-ered a total of forty-four fairs, consisting of two exhibits at tht State fair in 1928-29, the Industrial Exposition in the spring of 1929, one exhibit at the Eastern Carolina Chamber of Commerce Exposition at Farmville, two exhibits at the North Carolina Forestry Association meeting at Goldsboro and Asheville, thirty-four county fairs, and floats placed in two parades in connection with the Feast of the Pirates at Wilmington and the historic pageant at New Bern. It is estimated that between 650,000 and 700,000 people saw these fair exhibits, and no doubt many additional people were reached by the forty-five thousand pieces of printed matter distributed at the exhibit booths. Owing to the fact that practically all of the material which we now have has been exhibited at the regular schedule of fairs, it is necessary that a complete revision of the material be made before the fall season of 1930. The educational truck followed as many of the fairs as possible and assisted in setting up the exhibits and dismantling them, the operator showing mo-tion pictures and having general charge of those exhibits which he attended. The most outstanding exhibits were placed at the State Fair in 1928 and 1929 where 60 feet of frontage space was had for all the Department's ex-hibits as well as an outside display of game and fish exhibits. c. Posters, Sigtis, Patwphlets, etc. There were purchased or obtained during the period of this report and distributed throughout the organized districts: 1,500 fire prevention posters, 40,000 forest fire law pamphlets, 19,000 U. S. Forest Service pamphlets and circulars, 4,000 book marks, 2,000 handbills to advertise motion picture shows, and 10,000 forest fire and game stickers. There were also prepared and erected 2,000 warden steel flange signs, 4,000 signs warning against destruction of posters, 136 county boundary shield signs, 10 tower direction signs, and 16 tower name signs. d. Press. The increasing cooperation of the State press is one of the most encouraging features of the fire prevention work. Articles from the central office and district offices are accepted and widely used. This is one of the most important activities carried on by the office and field force. The district foresters report the finest cooperation from the newspapers circulating in their respective districts. e. "The Forest Warden." Eight quarterly issues of this publication of the Division devoted to forest fire prevention were distributed during the period. The 1929 issues consisted of 4,500 copies and the 1930 issues com- 31 prised 5,500 copies each. This publication goes to all county commissioners, district and county forest wardens, the forestry exchanges, daily news-papers, lumber companies, etc. There is much to be said in favor of en-larging this publication to eight pages. Warden and Other Meetings. On August 27-29, 1929, a forest fire con-trol conference was held at Beaufort, N. C. Twenty-six people including foresters from surrounding states and from the U. S. Forest Service at-tended the meeting. The session included talks by visiting foresters as well as a complete presentation of papers by the district foresters and chief wardens dealing with fire control activities in the State. In the 1928-29 fiscal year, thirty-six warden meetings were held, and in the 1929-30 fiscal year, forty-one warden meetings were held. These are primarily schools of instruction for the wardens in cooperating counties and an attempt is made to hold one meeting in each county annually. Ow-ing to the expense involved in holding these meetings, only the district wardens are required to attend. In addition to these meetings, the county wardens of each district are now being brought together at least once a year to be completely instructed as to their duties and activities. The following other meetings were attended: East Tennessee District Patrolmen Conference in Knoxville, annual meeting of the American For-estry Association at Jacksonville, Florida, and the Southern Forestry Con-gress at Memphis, Tennessee. No record is attempted here for such meet-tings as schools, civic clubs and other organizations covered by the field and central office forces. Fire Occurrences and Statistics. Fire control results during the 1928-29 fiscal year were more gratifying than usual. Weather conditions were favorable during practically the whole of the fire season months. During the spring season scattered fires occurred through January and February, though the worst fire period occurred in March and the first half of April. Two peaks in the occurrence of fires were reached on March 7 and 28 and four less important peaks occurred on April 2, 3, 6, and 9. The dangerous spring season closed quite abruptly on April 13. The western districts experienced but one bad peak in the occurrence of fires on April 9, the sea-son ending abruptly on April 21. The 1929 fall fire season was even more favorable than the 1928. With considerably more area under protection, the number of fires reported dropped from 200 to 180. The western district experienced an exceptionally favorable season, the number of fires being reduced to thirty-three, the low-est figure reported in years. Heavy and well distributed rains during the fall season were of great assistance in holding down the fire danger. The 1930 spring season compares with the 1926 season, being one of the worst fire seasons experienced in the past fourteen years. At the close of the period precipitation for the State was below normal for seven con-secutive months, the drought in some sections being critical. Fire hazards increased tremendously with the drought, fires being reported from the second day of January through the whole of the spring season. Both the mountain and eastern districts suifered particularly heavy fire losses in February, March and April. There were 2,784 fires reported from the cooperating units, which burned over a total of 227,577 acres with an es-timated damage of $386,628. The whole field force directed their atten-tion to fire suppression work and the central ofiice force was greatly handi-capped with the flood of fire reports requiring payment. The following is a summary of fire statistics, law enforcement and other activities for the four fiscal years ending June 30, 1930: FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR COOPERATING COUNTIES—BY FISCAL YEARS 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 Number of Fires by Classes: A—Under ]4, acre B — }4, to 10 acres C—10 to 100 acres D—100 to 600 Acres E—Over 500 acres Total Causes of Fires: Brush burning Hunters, fishermen and campers Railroads Lumbering Incendiary Smokers Lightning Miscellaneous. Unknown Total Area Burned—Acres: Merchantable timber Reproduction Open grass land Total Average area per fire—acres Damage: Merchantable timber Reproduction Other Total Average damage per fire Total fire fighting costs Average fire fighting costs per fire . Law Enforcement : Number of prosecutions Number of convictions Number of acquittals, etc Fines and costs 19 401 345 75 1,091 203 120 77 73 134 113 20 101 250 1,091 112,249 158,874 34,457 305,580 280 285,765 296,607 36,929 $ 619,301 $ 567 $ 19,814 $ 18.16 93 57 29 1,134 58 425 487 156 19 1,145 266 138 76 33 173 174 4 128 153 1,145 24,035 40,787 11,767 76,589 67 38,072 78,103 15,665 48 486 560 142 22 1,258 257 111 80 58 202 232 5 103 210 1,258 23,343 60,548 8,773 92,664 74 47,253 94,881 15,477 131,840 115 10,925 9.54 157 111 46 2,144 $ 157,611 S 125 % 12,818 $ 10.20 73 52 19 757 51 973 1,487 402 51 2,964 570 176 125 92 743 498 10 276 474 2,964 47,867 1.50,627 36,511 235,005 79 108,861 259,143 29,544 397,548 134 26,239 8.85 203 44 57 2,362 33 FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR COOPERATING COUNTIES—BY FISCAL YEARS—Cont 1927-2S 1928-29 1929-30 Responsible Parties Apprehended: Number of parties billed Number making payment Amount received Cost Paid by Landowners: Number of parties billed Number making payment Amount received Volunteer Time: Number of men Value of time given (20c per hour) Warden Activities: Number of hours worked Mileage, car and on foot Number of notices posted Number of people interviewed Number of sawmills inspected Number of schools and meetings visited 139 93 1,198 17 15 942 4,841 6,294 12,587 62,565 10,732 18,747 469 572 275 208 2,300 3,064 2,424 34,307 82,792 10.624 24,910 746 975 161 146 1,476 2,640 2,096 44 , 394 195,029 11,407 56,214 893 1,160 534 445 4,095 56 35 333 4,356 3,263 113,578 345,797 18,737 86,380 1,507 2,057 FOREST PLANTING Forest planting as a part of the forestry program of the States has two main functions: (1) the restoration of deforested or otherwise unproduc-tive land to a state of profitable productivity; and (2) the education of the people, both old and young, by practical demonstration of the value of forest protection by stimulating their interest in the growing tree. At the present time this educational value is of first importance in North Carolina. The policy of distributing forest tree seedlings to land owners at ap-proximate cost of production has been working well. In spite of the scarcity of money, applications have increased in number and size. During the fiscal year of 1929-30 the distribution exceeded that of the previous year by some 20,000 seedlings. But what is of more interest is that the number of individuals, schools and organizations applying for seedlings more than quadrupled over the previous year. This shows a more widespread interest in the work and in the long run will have a bet-ter educational effect than if a few cooperators took a much larger number of seedlings. The total distribution for this biennium summarized below is very nearly three times as large as for the previous biennium. The plan to supply schools with seedlings free of cost in order to start small demonstration plantations inaugurated in the spring of 1928 has been continued. The interest in this project has made it desirable to increase the maximum number of trees allowed one school from 500 to 1,000. Dur-ing the biennium some ninety-eight schools took and planted 35,366 seed-lings. This policy of distribution to schools, endorsed by a number of school principals, will be continued, and increased efforts to make inspec- 34 SUMMARY OF DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY THE STATE FOREST SERVICE FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD 1928-29 1929-30 Loblolly pine, 1 year LobloUy pine, 2 years .... Shortleaf pine, 1 year . . . . Shortleaf pine, 2 year . . . . Longleaf pine 1 year Longleaf pine, 2 year Slash pine, 1 year Maritime pine, 1 year . . . . Walnut, 1 year Locust, 1 year White pine, 2 and 3 year . Spruce Scotch pine Southern balsam, 3-1 . . . . Miscellaneous Totals. 66,850 1,075 12,750 154,552 5,187 2,440 405 2,650 12,650 3,300 4,500 16,100 1,623 283,982 50,727 17,000 20,627 138,402 29,685 12,339 600 7,611 10,550 2,186 4,170 1,500 13,200 190 308,787 tions of some of the school plantations and give recommendations as to their future care will be made. Work in forestry will also be taken up with the vocational schools, some 100 in number, and forest plantations started on their grounds as soon as possible, perhaps during the coming year. Another means of reaching the public with sound forestry education has been through cooperation with the Forester of the State Agricultural Ex-tension Service in supplying black walnut seedlings to 4-H Club members. During the season of 1929-30 some 7,611 black walnuts were sent to county agents and individuals. The majority of those trees went to two hundred and forty-seven 4-H Club members who were allotted small numbers of these trees by their county agents. With them were also shipped some walnut seedlings grown from seed produced at Mt. Vernon and Arlington. This demonstration in practical forestry has received much favorable com-ment. The 4-H Club members were also given the opportunity of getting other tree seedlings at a low cost from the State Nursery. An offer was also made to Boy Scouts in the season 1929-30 similar to that offered to the schools. Eight Boy Scout organizations took 4,260 seed-lings to be planted on their camp grounds or other demonstration areas. This work also will be expanded during the coming biennium. Having no means of supplying tree seedlings suitable for planting in the mountain region of this State, an agreement was reached with the Cham-pion Fibre Company of Canton, North Carolina, whereby they would sup-ply from their nursery such tree species as they had at a reduced price if ordered through this Department. A total of 7,470 Norway spruce, 14,850 white pine and 4,500 Scotch pine seedlings was thus distributed, prac-tically all in the Mountain region of this State. 35 DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY CLASS OF COOPERATORS—192S-1930 Number of Cooperators Number of Trees 119 9 9S 8 250 3 1 1 1 36S,S05 124,560 35,366 4 , 200 8,321 8,195 6,462 7,500 Mount Mitchell State Park 29,300 Total*. . . 490 592,769 It is hoped that money will become available for a western nursery to supply farmers and other individuals with tree seedlings suitable for plant-ing in the mountains. While seedling production is the major nursery project, efforts are being continued to find the best stock for transplanting and to work out better methods of packing and seed sowing. A number of exotic tree seeds have been planted and the results are being cai'efully watched. The State nursery facilities have been open to the new forestry school at State College and the professors have used the nursery for demonstra-tion and experimental work. Trees have also been given to the Forestry School for their arboretum on Highway No. 10 outside of Raleigh. Several demonstration plantings were undertaken during the period of this report. One at the North Carolina College for Women at Greensboro was participated in by some fifty students of the College under the super-vision of Assistant Forester Claridge, while another near Raleigh on pri-vate property has proven valuable in showing the rate of growth and sur-vival of different species of trees. Inspections of areas to be planted, with advice as to species and methods as well as follow up inspections, have been made so far as time and funds would permit, and when the project itself seemed to justify such expense. Cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry of Washington, D. C, was inaugurated in the project of experimenting with Asiatic chestnuts which may prove to be blight resistant. This is a timely enterprise as the chestnut blight has reached every county in the State where the chestnut naturally grows. Two hundred and fifty trees of this species were re-ceived in 1929 and 5,000 in the spring, of 1930. Plans are being made for placing these trees on publicly owned lands in Piedmont and Eastern North Carolina. It is hoped that these trees will prove to be well adapted to the climate of North Carolina. Those planted last spring at Lake Rim State Forest have survived the transplanting and are doing well at the present time. Experimental plantings in the mountains will be made by the Ap-palachian Forest Experiment Station. 3a A number of experiments were started at the Lake Rim State Forest in the winter of 1929 with several species of trees and different ages of plant-ing stock. Some interesting results should be obtained from these planta-tions, especially from the cork oak if it proves to be hardy in this climate. The experimental planting at Fort Macon has been continued with 6,462 trees planted during the biennium. Many of the plantations have so far shown very good results, some of the trees having at the present time reached a height of over three feet. Some experiments, which have at-tracted attention outside the State, are now being made with sea oats with the intention of fixing the forward dunes. This question of controlling the blowing sand along our 300 miles of shore line will assume increasing im-portance, and enough money to start experiments on this small though em-inently suitable area should be made available as soon as possible. The annual spring planting on Mount Mitchell State Park resulted in the setting out of 29,300 trees, mostly southern balsam. Mr. Claridge has ex-perimented with different ages and conditions of balsam stock and some interesting results have been secured. An article by him on this subject was recently published in the Journal of Forestry. A total of some 55,000 trees have been planted to date, but there remains much more to be done since 75 per cent of the total area of the park was originally cutover and most of this area was also burned. Some improvement plantings have been made at the Frank Stedman Fish Hatchery, Fayetteville, with sixty-two ornamental trees; while some sixty-five ornamental trees and shrubs were planted about the house and pens at the State Game Farm. These plantings should be added to each year in order to continue the beautification of these places. At the Stedman Hatch-ery the banks of Bones Creek were washing badly and some 900 willow cuttings were planted at the stream level in order to bind the soil and keep down the expense of maintaining the banks of the stream. The volume of correspondence and calls for advice on all phases of technical forestry have increased considerably. On planting subjects alone some 250 communications were answered. A great many of these letters required detailed advice which took some time in preparation. To facilitate replies to the planting inquiries a one page circular letter was prepared called, "Planting Hints." The negotiations for an additional five acre tract of land at the Clayton nursery are at a standstill due to the difficulty of securing a clear title to the land. The budget item of $500 for this purpose is being carried over into the next fiscal year with the hope that the difficulty may be overcome so that expansion of the nursery work may continue. Highway Planting. The Department has been called upon a number of times to help direct, and in some cases, to undertake roadside planting pro-jects. While the protection of existing trees and the careful preservation of small trees already started along the roads will take care of many situa-tions, highway planting will be necessary, not only for its own sake, but as a strong appeal to the public. Cooperation in this work is demanded by Women's Clubs, civic organizations, and municipalities and an effort has been made to respond so far as possible. After two years experience, the conclusion has been reached that without a central authority to direct high- 37 way planting much of the effectiveness of these plantings is lost. In co-operation with the State Highway Department which supplied labor to dig holes for the trees, some four miles of highway were planted between Garner and Clayton. One hundred and ninety-five trees, mainly oaks, were planted on this stretch. A survival of about 86 per cent was obtained the first year. This percentage being reduced during the succeeding years due to the vandalism and carelessness of farmers owning the abutting property. At the present time the trees which have survived are doing well. In co-operation with the American Business Club of Raleigh which supplied funds for the work, some 566 trees and shrubs have been planted on the boule-vard on Highway No. 10 going west from Raleigh. This club has showed considerable interest in this work and much favorable comment has been heard about the project. Governor McLean in 1929 and Governor Gardner in 1930 each planted a tree on this stretch of highway. The survey made by Mrs. W. L. Lawton, Chairman of the National Coun-cil for the Protection of Roadside Beauty aided by the Amercian Nature Association, has greatly stimulated interest in highway beautification in North Carolina. The published results of this survey entitled, "North Carolina Roadsides," is one of the best reports on the rural billboard ques-tion available for any state. Mrs. Lawton was greatly helped while in this State by the Forestry Division, STATE PARKS AND FORESTS The rapid increase of public interest in State parks and forests is one of the outstanding developments of the past biennium. Outside of the publicity and educational work conducted by this Department, thei^e are a number of features which have contributed to the present interest in State action in the acquisition and development of recreational areas and in the protection of our natural scenery. Among these are the gradual absorp-tion of our bathing beaches by development companies or private parties which may eventually exclude the public; the almost entire exclusion of the public from our migratory water fowl shooting grounds on the marshes and sounds of the State by wealthy shooting clubs; the encroachment of private game preserves on the areas surrounding State game refuges and the taking over by commercial enterprises of many of the most outstanding scenic features of the State. The growing number of visitors from all parts of the country driving over our good roads in search of desirable stopping places and seeking out or best scenery and most desirable recrea-tional facilities make us realize that the development of these areas is an economic asset which can rapidly be developed into one of our most im-portant and most productive industries. This awakening has been shown in the popularity of the campaign to secure the establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in spite of the fact that in aiding its establishment the State was giving two million dollars worth of land to the Federal government. The insistent demand that the State secure Linville Gorge as a State park is another sign of this feeling and a resolution re-cently endorsed by one of our leading outdoor organizations asking for the acquisition of Grandfather Mountain as a State park only emphasizes this trend in public opinion. An appropriation or an authorized bond issue to 38 inaugurate a definite and progressive acquisition policy would, it is be-lieved, be one of the most popular steps the Department could take in spite of the almost universal desire to reduce unnecessary expenditures. Administration of the State parks and lakes already acquired takes into consideration first of all the welfare of the local people and the public gen-erally, and it is with the idea of making these areas of greater use to the people that the small appropriation available is expended. Mount Mitchell State Park. This State park purchased under a law in 1915 which carried an appropriation of $20,000 for the purpose is the only park with a full-time warden. His duties are first of all to help the twenty-five to thirty-five thousand visitors who ascend Mount Mitchell each sum-mer. During the spring and fall he acts as lookout in our fire control or-ganization. It is planned shortly to build him a garage where he may keep a supply of firefighting tools as well as his car to be ready at a mom-ent's notice to start for any fire which may threate'n the park or the ad-joining Mount Mitchell Game Refuge. Owing to a heavy sleet and consequent windfall during the winter of 1928-29, the large amount of dead and down spruce and balsam timber has brought about a serious fire hazard on the park. To eliminate that so far as possible two contracts were let in 1929 to cut the wood and sell it for pulpwood. This will remove only the larger timber, but the brush will re-main a serious hazard for a number of years. It is hoped that natural reproduction will soon take the place of this fallen timber. If this fails, the plans for planting will extend to this area. Fort Macon State Park. The park warden at Fort Macon has been em-ployed only during the summer and then only on part time. It is very nec-essary that proper protection be given the old fortress since such protec-tion was guaranteed under the title to the property given to the State by the War Department. The chief feature of interest has been the accrual of a large point of land on the eastern end of the island which the Attorney General has declared is the property of the State and cannot be alienated by entry. Experimental planting has been carried on and pine trees on the areas surrounding the Fort have shown excellent growth. An attempt is being made so far as funds are available to hold the new land by plant-ing sea oats along the beach and gradually building up the area into sand-hills. In cooperation with the Engineering Division it was proposed to stretch a length of wire fence along the lowest part of the ridge so that wind and tide will work to build up a beach upon which the sea oats will flourish. If this could be done, not only would a very interesting and valuable area be added to the State park, but something at least would be done to stabilize the channel through which commerce enters Bogue Sound. Unfortunately, funds for this are not yet available. Miscellaneous Areas. Rendezvous Mountain, a tract of 140 acres in Wilkes County donated by Judge T. B. Finley, will be used next spring for an experimental planting of Chinese chestnuts where our native chestnuts have failed to resist the chestnut blight disease. On account of the cut in appropriation, the projected trail has not been undertaken. 39 Through the will of Mrs. Elizabeth Coit two areas of 100 acres each on Wine Spring and Wayah Balds in Macon County were left to the State in 1929. These tracts are surrounded by national forest lands and as yet no disposition has been made of them. They are too small to handle as a State park and sooner or later it may be advisable to exchange them with the Forest Service for an area better adapted to State use. The Lake Rim Forest, acquired for the protection of the Frank Stedman Hatchery near Fayetteville, will be largely devoted to experiments in forest management and forest planting. Already planting has begun and it is ex-pected that species especially suitable for food for game and the protection of the streams will be used in planting this forest. Some additional lands should be acquired for the better protection of the lake. State Lakes. Everything points to the general satisfaction of the local people and the general public with the administrative measures already put into effect on Waccamaw and White Lakes. While prior to 1929 only those constructing new docks were required to take out permits, during last year all docks and other buildings had to be operated under permit. This change was brought about with very little friction and with general acceptance by those claiming the docks. It has also been found advisable to require permits for the operation of boats on these two much frequented lakes and license plates similar to, though smaller than those on automobiles, are provided to be fastened on each licensed boat. An additional fee is charged for boats used for commercial purposes. Through frequent and cordial contact with the users of the lakes, they have learned that the Department in making regulations is working for the benefit of all. A recent stir-up about the launching of a large passenger boat on White Lake was settled without difficulty through the fair and impai'tial attitude of this Deparment as x-epresented by Mr. Claridge who investigated this affair. In cooperation with the Inland Fisheries Division regulations have been made to improve fishing conditions in White and Waccamaw Lakes. Breed-ing grounds and special closed seasons for breeding have been set aside and special regulations made with the object of increasing the number of sport fish of these lakes. Last fall an almost unanimous request from a large proportion of the local people was made that they be allowed to use trot lines in Waccamaw Lake during the three winter months from November 1 to January 31. After a full public hearing, such fishing was allowed under special permit for about six weeks in order to determine whether the claim was justified that this practice would reduce the number of scavenger fish. Judging by reports required of the permittees, around 80 per cent of the fish caught were undesirable and only 20 per cent were sport fish. This supported the contention of some authorities that by allowing local people this privilege an increase rather than a decrease in the spox't fish would result. It is expected to carry this experiment on again during next winter. There are now part-time lake wardens on both Waccamaw and White Lakes, but full-time men should be employed the year round in the future. The question of gradually removing all closed structures from over the State lakes will shortly come to the front. Waggaman Pavillion on Wac- 40 camaw Lake, leased by the owner to Jack Smith last spring, suffered from a storm which destroyed a dock connecting it with the shore. Its sanitary conveniences were also put out of business by a fire which destroyed the Waggaman Hotel. In spite of an agreement to put the building in good condition it is now closed by the Health authorities. Its removal to some site on the land would do away with a source of water pollution which is almost beyond our control. On White Lake an old bath house and pavillion at Melvin Beach is so rotten that the owner has closed it for the summer. A new one has been built on the land and the old building will be removed. The policy of the Department now is to allow no more closed buildings over the lake. The value of Waccamaw Lake as a recreation area has been greatly im-proved by the dam built across its outlet under appropriation of the Gen-eral Assembly of 1925; in fact, its attractiveness as a bathing, boating and fishing resort can almost be said to depend on maintaining the lake level at a fairly constant stage. Owing to the difficulty of the situation and the necessarily cheap construction of the wooden dam, there have from time to time occurred serious leaks. These have heretofore been stopped at the expense of this Department or with the assistance of the local people, chiefly represented by Mr. K. Clyde Council. A bad leak has recently occurred (June 27, 1930) at the east end of the dam which was promptly inspected by Mr. Charles E. Ray of the Engineering Division who recommends the immediate use of sand bags. With no funds available the Department has had to call on the local people to make this necessary repair. The Engineering Division strongly recommends the construction of a new and permanent dam at a cost of perhaps $10,000 to be made available through special legislative enactment providing for an appropriation and county or other local cooperation. In the spring of 1929 the issue was forced upon the Department as to whether the State had any claim over Baker's Lake in Bladen County. After careful investigation of the records it was found that the land sur-rounding and including Baker's Lake was granted to private parties prior to 1828 and was therefore legally in the possession of the grantees and their heirs. This is only a small lake but could be made an excellent fishing lake, and since it is within an hour's drive of Fayetteville, it is one of the areas which might with advantage be acquired by the Department as a State forest. State park or game refuge, the land to be used as a State forest and the water as a desirable fishing ground. Following the attempt of a local man to place an entry upon Jones and Salters Lakes these two lakes were surveyed by the Engineering Division of the Department and found to contain areas of 227 acres and 322 acres re-spectively. This led to the passage by the General Assembly of the law preventing the alienation of any State lakes over 50 acres in extent. Under this and other laws it seems probable that not only the Bladen County lakes, but also Phelps, Alligator and Pungo Lakes in the Albemarle region belong to the State and should be administered by this Department. GENERAL FORESTRY There are a large number of activities coming under the general head of forestry outside of the specific problems of forest fire control, forest plant- 41 ing, and the administration of State parks and forests. These may be roughly included under education, investigation, legislation, and coopera-tion; however, they all are designed to gradually bring about a permanent policy and practice of forestry and conservation for the State, and to aid land owners and manufacturers of timber products in the production and disposal of their materials. To secure permanent results, it is essential that the rising generation be thoroughly grounded in conservation so that their attitude towards the for-est will be one of protection rather than destruction. In order to reach the public in as many ways as possible with convincing evidences of the importance of the subject, various investigations are necessary. These are in many cases carried on through cooperation with other States depai't-ments or agencies, with the Federal government or with civic organizations and private individuals. Such studies together with the experiences gained in the administration of the work, frequently show the need for additional or changed legislation, which from time to time is being proposed in order to bring about more favorable conditions and better protection to public property. No avenue is left unused so far as funds and personnel will permit through which to carry the lessons of conservation and by which the State's property and the interests of the people may be conserved. Education. Cai'olina Forest Week is an annual occasion for intensive forestry publicity and education. Prior to 1929, Forest Week was observed nationally as American Forest Week. For various reasons the participa-tion of the Federal government was discontinued and many states observed their own Forest Week. North and South Carolina joined together in ob-serving Carolina Forest Week during the third week in March of 1929 and 1930. Arbor and Bird Day in North Carolina thus became a part of our Forest Week observance. The idea is to carry a definite message through the schools and the adult organizations to every person in the State. Special school programs are advised, often accompanied by tree planting. The cooperation of the civic clubs is sought and the local newspapers in many cases have entered heartily into the plan and furnished a vast amount of free publicity. The three broadcasting stations have granted the Department free facilities for daily programs during the week. Coming as it does near the spring fire season, and sometimes in the midst of it, this observance is calculated to reach the children and the grown people at a most opportune time. The programs were entered into with more enthusiasm than at any time in the past, particularly through the schools and the press. The severe 1930 spring fire season, however, prevented the field force from carrying out its portion of the woi'k to the fullest extent. Among other activities carried out during Carolina Forest Week in the two years 1929 and 1930 were programs by teachers and children at some 536 schools, 475 talks, illustrated lectures and motion picture shows given, 116 window displays placed, 27,- 000 pieces of printed matter distributed and wide publicity from the local press. At the sugge.stion of the American Forestry Association which furnished prizes in the form of three bronze medals, an essay contest in the high . 42 schools of the State was conducted in the spring of 1930 with very gratify-ing results. Contesting essays which had been judged the best in their respective counties were submitted from some twenty-three counties. Twenty-five dollars was divided into six cash prizes, and seven girls and one boy in various parts of the State were awarded prizes of medals at their school commencements. The subject selected was, "Develop a Suitable Wood-land Taxation Policy for North Carolina." Forty-five essays were sub-mitted to this office and probably five times that many essays were pre-pared by the school children. Every high school in the State was invited to take part in the contest and information in printed and mimeographed form was sent out to hundreds of the schools. The publicity and informa-tion conveyed to the young people of the State, and through them to their elders, will no doubt contribute very materially to the success of the Con-stitutional amendment which is to be voted on next November. A similar contest on some other subject will be carried on next year and probably in following years. The present force accepts every possible opportunity of making address-es, giving illustrated lectures and making contacts with young and old. Talks, moving pictures and instruction are being given at boy's and girls' camps and especially at teachers' summer schools so far as time and money have allowed. Last summer nearly half of the camps and summer schools were reached while the other half were disappointed in having no one there. This summer a rather more restricted program has been necessary. An ex-tension of this work to every teachers' summer school and every boy and girl camp should be made. The importance of this educational work cannot be over emphasized. Re-quest has been made that a definite message of forestry be carried into the one hundred vocational schools of the State with the possible establishment of a forest plantation in connection with each. The Boy Scouts and similar groups are asking for all the instruction we can give. The establishment in the schools of conservation clubs. Forest Guides, and such active organ-izations offers a wide and fruitful field for the services of a specialist. Last year such an educational man was engaged, but his appointment was can-celled on account of the cut in appropriations. An important feature of the educational work in forestry is in answering correspondence and in preparing articles and addresses for all sorts of audiences. It is not only necessary to know the forest conditions and needs of North Carolina, but to keep up with what is being done to meet similar needs in other states and countries. The necessity of having readily avail-able reports, books of reference, pamphlets and clippings emphasizes the value of a conservation library. Provision should be made at the first op-portunity for a suitable room and a competent librarian or file clerk so that each Division could have ready access to the information it most needs. With the resignation of Mr. H. M. Curran from the State Department of Agriculture and his leaving the State, an important part of the work which he was doing; namely, the study of the timber markets and the advising of owners of small timber tracts as to uses and markets, is falling upon this Department. This is only proper since it is certainly the duty of the State Forest Service to furnish such information to the people of the State. At present we have no specialist to whom such appeals can be referred and no 43 fund to pay the expenses of an examining agent. The employment of an expert in the harvesting and sale of forest products would be of great value to the land owners of the State as well as to the wood using indus-tries in the location of their timber supplies. Investigations. The last General Assembly (Chapter 282, Public Laws of 1929) authorized the study of various types of lands with the object of recommending to the Governor possible State action to protect or acquire such areas for the benefit of the public. Unfortunately, no appropriation was made to carry out this provision, and with the cut in revenue, little op-portunity has been found to prosecute this study as it deserves. Informa-tion has been gathered from time to time, however, without additional cost to the State and such information will be presented in the form of a pre-liminary report "with recommendations to the Governor and the next Gen-eral Assembly" along the lines required by this measure. The study of timber resources, begun in the spring of 1928, was complet-ed that same year and part of the information secured has been incorpor-ated in the publication, "Resources and Industries of Noi'th Carolina," which was compiled and edited by the late Park Mathewson. The estimates on the remaining standing timber are no doubt conservative, and being the best available they will be used until more reliable figures can be se-cured. These estimates show a total stand of about thirteen and a half billion board feet of merchantable saw timber on the 21,056,400 acres of woodland (forest) area of the State, or an average of 634 board feet per acre. The results of the survey of nonutilized wood carried on during 1928 in cooperation with the Committee on Wood Utilization of the U. S. Depart-ment of Commerce were worked up by that Committee under the direction of Dr. Axel Oxholm. The published report entitled, "Survey of Nonutilized Wood in North Carolina" toward the cost of which this Department con-tributed, is being distributed by both cooperating agencies. This report shows "that approximately 33,000 carloads of nonutilized material are an-nually available for sale." Much of this material, however, consisting of sawdust, slabs, edgings, etc., is so remote from cheap transportation and has so little present value that it could only be handled at a loss unless some special use could be found for it. It is with the object of bringing producer and possible consumer together that this study was made. North Carolina has been very fortunate in that the United States Forest Service decided to make its final state study of forest taxation here. Three counties, Macon, Chatham, and Beaufort, were selected, with the possibility of a fourth, and the work was put in local charge of Mr. Paul Wager of the University of North Carolina. This study has been carried on without cost to the State during the spring of 1930 under the direction of Mr. R. C. Hall of the Forest Tax Commission of the U. S. Forest Service. Mr. Wager has been assisted by Mr. R. B. Thompson, a forest taxation expert, who made a similar study in Oregon. This study has been supplemented by the Southern Forest Experiment Station which carried its economic study of "the financial possibilities of growing southern pine" into Beaufort County in charge of Mr. W. E. Bond. These counties were selected not only as representative of the region, but also because the county land and tax 44 records were in such shape as to justify the study. In this study this De-partment has been consulted at every step and close cooperation has been maintained, not only with us, but with the State Tax Commission. The re-sults should be extremely valuable to the State of North Carolina in its effort to lighten the burden of taxation on the farmers and other timber land owners. If the studies in one or all of these three counties bring out information which will be of value to the people of North Carolina, it may be advisable to publish a small report on this investigation. As a part of the cooperative study undertaken by the Water Resources and Forestry Divisions of the Department, a study was made of the sur-face conditions of three watersheds tributary to the Durham city watershed on which stream flow and silt determinations will be made continuously for a period of years. The map made as the result of the surface study will form a basis of comparison of the three areas which show different per-centages of forest growth on the three areas. Some interesting results on erosion and stream flow may be expected. Cooperation. In addition to the financial cooperation received from the Federal government, from counties, and from private individuals in forest fire control and forest planting, the Department has cooperated as fully as possible with such organizations as the Southern Forestry Congress, the North Carolina Forestry Association, the North Carolina Social Service Conference, the Appalachian Forest Research Council, the National Con-ference on State Parks, the Association of State Foresters, the American Forestry Association, the American Tree Association, and similar associa-tions through which it has been possible and advisable to convey strong con-servation messages to our own people. Travel to meetings outside of the State has been used conservatively and has been incurred only where the best interests of the work and of the State have been carefully considered. It is only through free and active cooperation with every agency engaged in similar work that we can hope to bring about a permanent consciousness favorable to the conservation of our natural resources. Legislation. The effort to secure favorable legislation is often unsuccess-ful because there is little demand for it from the people back home who are represented by the members of the General Assembly. When any piece of legislation seems to be necessary, it is advisable to convince the people of its value. If the demand comes from the public rather than from the De-partment, its success is assured. The principal measures considered and acted upon by the General As-sembly of 1929 relating to forestry and the use of the land were as follows : 1. To prevent the alienation of State lakes having an area of 50 acres or more. (Chapter 165, page 41, Conservation Laws.) This makes sure the State tenure of Jones and Salters Lakes in Bladen County and is a necessary step toward the administration of Phelps, Alligator, and Pungo Lakes. 2. Providing for the special study of the forest, cutover, open, and shore land of the State. (Chapter 282, Public Laws of 1929.) This has been referred to on a previous page. 45 3. Amending Section 8057, Consolidated Statutes, to provide for the ac-quisition by the Federal government of land in eastern North Carolina for the establishment of national forests. The first examination of lands for this purpose resulted in an unfavorable report by the United States Forest Service on the ground that desirable lands were held too high and that low priced lands contained too large a proportion of swamp or pocosin lands. A further investigation it is understood will soon be made. 4. To authorize the United States to acquire land for bird sanctuaries and refuges. It was felt that this measure would call the attention of the Federal Government to the desirability of establishing a Federal wild fowl refuge in eastern North Carolina, possibly at Mattamuskeet. 5. Two measures were introduced relating to the possible adjustment of taxation on forest lands. On the recommendation of the legislative com-mittees it was decided to cooperate with the State Tax Commission in urg-ing the passage of the bill prepared by it providing for putting a Constitu-tional amendment before the people. This bill was enacted into law and will be voted upon next November. Two county laws wei'e passed in which the Forestry Division was keenly interested. The Onslow County Forest Fire Law allowing the free burning of woodland during the winter was not approved and an effort was made to prevent the enactment of this exception to the State-wide Forest Fire Law. The Burke County Law to prevent the stealing of evergreens and remov-ing them from the State was approved so far as it went. A more general law protecting trees, shrubs, and flowers along the highways and prevent-ing the despoliation of any private property would have an excellent effect if some feasible means was found for enforcing it. DIVISION OF FORESTRY RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS Biennial Period Ending June 30, 1930 Forest Fire Prevention 192S-29 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight . Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Repairs General Expense ' Equipment Forest Fire Prevention (45 Cooperative Projects): 411-1 Salaries and Wages, 1 ,000 Forest Wardens in 45 cooperative projects. 1 County Warden in each project. Average 20 District Wardens in each cooperative project 411-2 Salaries and Wages, Forest Wardens and Laborers (firf fighters) in 45 cooperative projects. Fire suppression only (fire fighters receive 20c per hour) 411-3 Travel Expense, 1,000 Forest Wardens (Expense car mile-age at 7c per mile) 411—4 Lookout Towers 25,865.96 1,631.72 2,287.43 6,298.36 2,182.48 4,369.03 25.45 115.55 2,233.92 16,998.36 32,013.08 9,901.23 •« 36,300.55 1,202.31 2,111.31 7,078.46 . 1,306.90 3,928.40 9.67 97.36 1,455.18 4,199.93 25 151 87 20 979 40 6 502 02 2 506 92 46 DIVISION OF FORESTRY RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS—Continued Forest Fire Prevention 1928-29 1929-30 411-5 Cabins 411-6 Telephone Lines 411-7 Miscellaneous Fire Fighting Equipment. General Forestry: 412 Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment 418-1 General Expense Parks: 419 Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight Travel Expenses Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation 424-1 Equipment Planting: 425 Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Highway Planting Repairs, parks General Ex-pense, parks General Expense, planting Insurance State Fair 413 414 415 416 417 418 420 421 422 423 424 426 427 428 429 430 431 1 4,689.68 337.52 160.62 817.14 596.66 228.53 96.26 99.75 3,430.06 399 . 62 ,3.05 242.72 53.90 18.83 76.19 . 1 4,476.35 757.33 91.99 63.99 12.65 268.91 51.41 900.00 590.17 2.50 5.81 49.71 200.00 248.16 1.588.12 3,764.69 3,351.66 97.71 239.98 566.07 258.92 69.62 94.05 30.00 2,660.59 . 20.35 69.80 273.02 33.00 14.31 - 126.25 m 6,991.78 892.72 191.89 151.97 27.04 377.85 577.86 Total Expenditure . Less Receipts S122,643.92 78,111.88 $135,547.69 72,045.09 Appropriation . $ 44,532.04 $ 63,502.60 47 DIVISION OF GAME Chas. H. England, State Game Warden Mrs, Alice W. Bradley, Stenographer C. L. Beddingfield, Chief Clerk Mrs. Lillian Brickhouse, Clerk Introduction There is a Biblical assertion to the effect that in the beginning of the world man was given dominion over the fowl of the air, the fish of the sea, and the wild beasts of the field, with authority to use them for his comfort and pleasure. For a while, a condition of plentitude prevailed and man made use of these resources without let or hinderance. As time passed and governments were established, the extreme individuality of mankind was soon lost, and supervisory rights over the wild life were vested in rulers and governments. In North Carolina, the sovereignty is vested in the people and our Su-preme Court has declared that the game and other wild life of the State is the property of all the people of North Carolina. Need for Game Protection. If we are to have for ourselves and to pre-serve for future generations the valuable resources afforded by our wild life, practical conservation methods are necessary. Business practices are essential. We must follow a proper program and definite policies. The North Carolina Game Law was passed by the General Assembly of 1927. It recognizes the interests of the people in the wild life of the State and establishes a policy under which the public rights in this common prop-erty are protected. From a practical angle, the law creates the machinery for carrying out its purposes, prescribing the course of action that its ad-ministration must follow. Law Enforcement. That public sentiment has constantly and rapidly crystalized in favor of a rigid enforcement of the game law can be con-clusively shown in several ways. Each succeeding year the number of convictions obtained has consistently increased, due to increasing support of the general public in reporting violations to the wardens and willing-ness to appear as witnesses. The records show that the courts are steadily imposing larger fines and severer sentences on convicted violators. Sher-iffs and all peace officers designated as ex-officio wardens in the law are showing more interest and willingness to prosecute game and fish violations, largely as a result of insistent demand of the general public that the laws be enforced. There is a strong sentiment, steadily growing, to increase the reward from $5.00 to $10.00 offered in the law for evidence to convict game law violators. During the period extending from July 1st, 1928, to June 30th, 1930, a total of 3,415 convictions have been obtained for violations of the State Game Law. While no comparison for a previous biennium is available since 48 the law was in effect only one year previous to this report period, the num-ber of convictions for the first year of operation of the State Game Law was only 875. The total of fines and costs assessed against game law violators was $34,863.00 over the two year period. The State Game Law provides that hides or furs taken or held in viola-tion of the statute shall be seized and disposed of under specific require-ments. Under these provisions, seizures have been made of hides and furs in eight counties during the biennium. These were sold, according to the law, and brought a total of $498.30. It is also provided by the State law that game may not be held in cap-tivity except under special permit from the Department of Conservation and Development. The public has shown an especial liking for fawns, seven of which being held illegally were confiscated during the biennium, most of which were released on State Game Refuges. One bear was also released during the period after confiscation. Interest in game from an educational and scientific viewpoint is shown in the fact that 23 permits have been granted during the two-year period for the taking of game for these purposes. These permits are issued mostly to zoology and biology classes in public schools and colleges and to scientific institutions. Wao'den Service. The warden organization consists of the State Game Warden, three District Wardens, and a County Warden in each county in the State, with the exception of Dare and Hyde Counties. The County Warden of Beaufort County also serves as warden in Hyde County. R. B. Etheridge, board member, with the assistance of the sheriff of the county, and other ex-officio game wardens named in the law, has handled matters in Dare County. The annual salary of each of the District Wardens is $2,000, with a travel allowance not in excess of $1,350 a year. The annual salary of the County Wardens, which includes travel expense, ranges from $850 to $1,200, with an additional twelve and one-half cents for each license sold in his county. If the game and fish warden is also a forest warden, his salary is larger. Each county warden has secured for appointment by the State Game Warden from six to forty interested persons in his county to serve as spec-ial deputy wardens without pay from the Department. An inestimably valuable service has been uniformly rendered throughout the State by these special wardens, without compensation from the Department. High praise and commendation are due the District and County Wardens for the untiring effort, faithful, intelligent and impartial service rendered. Propagation of Game. The best thought and highest authority engaged in game restoration and advancement agree that the introduction of new blood is advisable and necessary even in sections where the breeding stock is more or less adequate. This opinion is backed by the experiments and tests made by the Biological Survey and other game propagating agencies in the several states. It seems to have been established beyond a doubt that the infusion of new blood increases the vigor, vitality and productiveness of the local breeding stock. 49 Under the Game Division budget for the present biennium, beginning July 1st, 1929, and ending June SOtlx, 1931, approximately twenty-five per cent of the total estimated game fund receipts was asked for and allowed by the budget to be spent for game propagation for each fiscal year of the two-year period. This money is spent in three ways: First, operation of the State Game Farm; second, establishment, maintenance and protection of State and County Game Refuges; and third, the purchase of game. See financial statement for first fiscal year of biennium for amount spent in each of these ways. Also see subsequent tables for game raised, purchased and released. Game Farm. The State Game Farm was completed and opened about April 1st, 1928. Despite the late start, it did well that year. During the second breeding season, of the spring of 1929, improvements were made and results obtained were satisfactory. At the beginning of the present budget biennium, July 1st, 1929, the State Game Farm was placed strictly upon its own budget. Therefore, during this year, or the third breeding season now on, the cost of the operation of the farm and cost of all game per head that is raised can be estimated in advance and determined accurately at the close of the season. The value of the operation of the State Game Farm as an educational medium for game advancement and propagation cannot be over-estimated. Hundreds of people visit the farm weekly and a personal inspection and better understanding of the State's undertaking arouses in them a coopera-tive support and interest that perhaps otherwise could not be as fully ob-tained. See subsequent table for species of game and numbers of each species used as breeders at Game Farm. INVENTORY OF GAME AT ASHEBORO STATE FARM Quail: Parent stock or breeding quail 492 Young quail already hatched 976 Number of quaU eggs now sotting 1932 Proposed production for season 4000 (Percentage of fertility, 95) Pheasants: Parent stock or breeding Ringneck Pheasants 465 |
OCLC Number-Original | (OCoLC)2253557 |