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THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
The Department of Conservation
and Development
OF THE
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1930
,1
THE PEOPLE OF NORTH CAROLINA
RESOURCES AND INDUSTRrES OF NORTH CAROLINA
THE LEGISLATURE THE GOVERNOR
THE CONSERVATION BOARD
THE DIRECTOR
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THIRD BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
The Department of Conservation
and Development
OF THE
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
FOR THE BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1930
BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Governor 0. Max Gardner, Chairman Raleigh
S. Wade Marr, Vice-Chairman Raleigh
W. C. Ewing Fayetteville
F. S. Worthy Washington
R. Bruce Etheridge Manteo
Fred I. Sutton Kinston
R. Grady Rankin Gastonia
Santford Martin Winston-Salem
J. Q. Gilkey Marion
Jas. G. K. McClure, Jr Asheville
E. D. Cranford Asheboro
Jos. J. Stone Greensboro
J. W. Harrelson, Director Raleigh
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Raleigh, N. C,
October 1, 1930.
To His Excellency, Hon. O. Max Gardner,
Governor of North CaroliTia.
Sir:
Pursuant to Section 11, Chapter 122, Public Laws of 1925, and by di-rection
of the Board of Conservation and Development, I have the honor
to submit herewith the Third Report of the Department of Conservation and
Development for the biennium ending June 30, 1930.
This report shows: (1), the progress, nature and cost of the work done
by the Department during the period July 1, 1928,—June 30, 1930; and
(2), "North Carolina Home-Coming Week" authorized by Resolution No.
17, Public Laws of North Carolina, Session 1929.
Respectfully submitted,
J. W. Harrelson,
Director.
(2)
DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL AND PRINCIPAL
OFFICERS
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
Wade H. Phillips, Director (Resigned April 1, 1929)
J. W. Harrelson, Director (Appointed April 2, 1929)
R. N. Sanford, Principal Accounting Clerk
Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobbie, Fiscal Clerk
Gladys Pritchett, Purchasing Agent
Mrs. Carita Wade Moore, Stenographer (Resigned April 20, 1930)
Frances Pope, Stenographer (Appointed April 21, 1930)
DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
Capt. John A. Nelson, Commissioner
N. R. Webb, Fiscal Clerk
Virginia Brown, Stenographer
G. L. Arthur, Jr., Bacteriologist
Assistant Commissioners:
J. H. Stone, Wilmington E. O. Spencer, Swa?t Quarter
L. A. Quidley, Manteo
DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Park Mathewson, Statistician and Assistant Director*
Bryan W. Sipe, Statistician-^
Mrs. Elsie P. Dunn, Stenographer
DIVISION OF FORESTRY
J. S. Holmes, State Forester
Chas. H. Flory, Assistant Forester
F. H. Claridge, Assistant Forester
Grace White, Accounting-Clerk-Stenographer
Elsie Hobby, Stenographer
Annie Ramsey, Stenographer
Mabel Duke, Stenographer
Mrs. Mary P. Phillips, Stenographer
District Foresters:
W. K. Beichler, Asheville A. D, Folweiler, New Bern
Wm. a. Nothstein, Lenoir L. A. Carter, Windsor
\V A. Peterson, Fayetteville W. C. Hammerle, Wilmington
*Deceased
fAppointed July 1, 1930
(3)
'I
DIVISION OF GAME
Chas. H. England, State Game Warden
Mrs. Alice W. Bradley, Stenographer
C. L. Beddingfield, Chief Clerk
Mrs. Lillian Brickhouse, Clerk
District Wardens:
C. N. Mease, Black Mountain W. C. LiSK, Richfield
G. A. NicOLL, New Bern
DIVISION OF INLAND FISHERIES
J. S. Hargett, Assistant Director
Mrs. Mary F. Harward, Stenographer (Resigned March 15, 1930)
Christine Pollock, Stenographer (Appointed June 9, 1930)
Hatchery Superintendents
:
Morrison Hatchery, Frank J. Reiger, Waynesville
Stedman Hatchery, W. E. Baker, Fayetteville
"Pete" Murphy Hatchery, Frank S. Dysart, Marion
Boone Hatchery, C. E. Smathers, Boone
Roaring Gap Hatchery, GuY C. Wallace, Roaring Gap
DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
H. J. Bryson, State Geologist
Gladys Pritchett, Stenographer
DIVISION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS*
Paul Kelly, Manager
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENGINEERING
Thorndike Saville, Chief Engineer
Chas. E. Ray, Jr., Principal Assistant Engineer
H. A. ScHMiTT, Assistant Engineer
J. T. Brown, Assistant Engineer
L. J. Hall, Assistant Engineer
H. A. Nelson, Cooperative Student
J. W. Wadsworth, Cooperative Student
Estelle Fuller, Senior Stenographer
Lauretta McGee, Junior Stenographer
*This Division merged with Division of Commerce and Industry and its manager made
Chief of the reorganized Division shortly before close of biennium.
(4)
Library, Univ. of
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
Wade H. Phillips, Director (Resigned April 1, 1929)
J. W. Harrelson, Director (Appointed April 2, 1929)
STAFF:
R. N. Sanford, Principal Accounting Clerk
Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobbie, Fiscal Clerk
Gladys Pritchett, Purchasing Agent
Mrs. Carita Wade Moore, Stenographer (Resigned April 20, 1930)
Frances Pope, Stenographer, (Appointed April 21, 1930)
Administration—The administrative duties of the Department deal with
all problems of policies, proposed legislation, and personnel. Causes and
effects of laws, rules, and regulations governing the conservation and de-velopment
of the natural resources of North Carolina are studied. Also
laws, rules, and regulations of other States dealing with natural resources
of these states are reviewed for the purpose of collecting ideas which
can be developed in this State to an advantage.
In administering the laws, rules, and regulations, dealing with the State's
forest, game, and fish resources we are attempting to combine the warden
service. The use of the same warden force for all these functions is some-what
new. We have during the past biennium made every effort to place the
warden service in forestry, game, and fish in the several counties under one
county warden. Of the 47 counties cooperating in the forestry, there are
only 8 having separate forest wardens, and in all counties game and fish
warden services are combined. It is our plan to combine the forest warden
service with the game and fish in the remaining 8 counties.
The Department is very much gratified over the success of the combined
warden service and believes that it can be maintained at a cost of $30,000
to $50,000 per year below the expense of separate administration.
Bookkeeping and Accounting—On July 1, 1929, there was set up and
coordinated a new system for keeping the financial records of the Depart-ment.
The new system has been very successful and enables the Depart-ment
to keep in detail its records. By establishing a bookkeeping and ac-counting
unit, we are in a position at any time to analyze our financial
records. Also we are able to check our accounts and pay our bills with the
least possible delay.
Budget—Matters dealing with the Budget are handled directly with the
Budget Bureau and in accordance with the laws, rules, and regulations of
the Budget Bureau.
Information Service—The information service is under the supervision of
the Division of Commerce and Industry. However, in many cases infor-mation
is furnished by the separate Divisions. Information service for
the press is described in the report of the Division of Public Relations.
(5)
Rules and Regulations—Rules and regulations are made by the Con-servation
Board and by the Director. The Director is responsible for the
administration of all rules and regulations.
Personnel—The Director has final approval of the employment and dis-missal
of all personnel employed in the Department. The number of per-manent
employees in the Department varies from 200 to 225.
The heads of the several Divisions in the Department are men especially
trained for their respective duties. The first assistants in the several Di-visions
are also men trained and qualified for their particular duties. The
Water Resources and Engineering Division, the Division of Forestry, Di-vision
of Mineral Resources, and the Division of Commerce and Industry
require scientifically trained men. The Department has been very for-tunate
in filling these various positions with men especially qualified for
the work.
In the field of game, the District Game Wardens are men who have been
trained in the field of experience and in a practical side of game conserva-tion.
Our county wardens are selected from among the applicants for the
position in their respective counties, more on a basis of integrity and
character than on a basis of qualifications. This policy is not satisfactory,
but due to the small salaries which are paid to the county wardens we
cannot at this time obtain men who have scientific training in the fields of
forestry, game, and fish.
The policy so far as county wardens is concerned should tend to the em-ployment
of men who have had scientific training in the fields of forestry,
game, and fish. The county wardens employed in this Department should
be men whose training and rank is equal to that of the county farm agent.
HOME-COMING
The General Home-Coming Celebration was held throughout the State
during the period October 14 to 19, 1929, pursuant to the following au-thority
and instructions of the General Assembly of 1929
:
RESOLUTION 17
"Whereas, the State of North Carolina in recent years has made re-markable
progress along many lines and it is fitting that the people of
the State should now review the record achieved since the new century
began and take note of their fui'ther opportunities and possibilities; and,
"Whereas, the North Carolina State Fair, in its new location and under
the management of the State of North Carolina as an agency for exhibit-ing
the resources and products of the State was hurriedly opened for an
initial exposition last fall, but the management this year will have time
for a far more varied and complete exhibit of the agricultural, industrial,
and commercial development of North Carolina, with the result that the
nineteen hundred and twenty-nine fair will be the first adequate State
Fair held on the new location and under State control, and,
"Whereas, various other commonwealths have from time to time held
"Home-Coming Weeks" when the scattered sons and daughters of these
commonwealths have been invited to return to their native States to join
with residents in reviewing the progress made, and further opportunities
for development, with a consequent stimulus to State pride and aspiration;
now therefore, be it
"Resolved by the Senate of North Carolina, the House of Representatives
concurring:
"Section 1. That the week of October fourteenth to nineteenth, nineteen
hundred and twenty-nine, which will be the week of the nineteen hundred
and twenty-nine North Carolina State Fair, is hereby officially designated
as 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' and during this week all native
sons and daughters of North Carolina who now reside in other common-wealths
are hereby invited to return to their former home towns and cities
and neighborhoods and join with their former neighbors and friends in the
celebration of 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' and to visit the exhibit
of North Carolina products and resources as shown at the North Carolina
State Fair during that week.
"Sec. 2. That one day during the nineteen hundred and twenty-nine
State Fair shall be officially known as 'Dedication Day' when the buildings
and grounds shall be formally dedicated to the service of the State with
ceremonies directed by the Governor of this State and that the President
of the United States is hereby formally invited to be present on that oc-casion
and bring the greetings of the National Government to this Com-monwelth,
and that the Governor of the State of New York is hereby
formally invited to attend during at least one day of the fair to bring the
greetings of Northern States to our own State and that the special com-mittee
hereinafter named is requested to provide for other addresses daily
by eminent Americans and eminent guests returning to this State for
(7)
8
'North Carolina Home-Coming Week,' and for broadcasting by radio if
practicable all addresses herein referred to.
"Sec. 3. That a committee to complete details and provide further ar-rangements
for 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week" is hereby named
consisting of the Governor of North Carolina, the President of the State
University, the President of the North Carolina State College of Agricul-ture
and Engineering, the Commissioner of Agriculture, the Director of the
State Department of Conservation and Development, three others to be
named by the Directors of the North Carolina State Fair, and such other
members to be named by the Governor of North Carolina as he may deem
advisable.
"Sec. 4. That for the purpose of inviting former residents of North
Carolina to come back to the State during 'North Carolina Home-Coming
Week' a specially designated invitation shall be prepared and signed in
facsimile by the Governor of the State and the Committee just named, with
a facsimile of the Seal of the State attached, and that the State Depart-ment
of Conservation and Development is requested to print such invitations
and forward them to suitable persons whose names may be furnished it
and that all agencies of the State Government and county and municipal
governments together with the press of the State, are asked to cooperate
in all practicable and legitimate ways for promoting the objects and pur-poses
of 'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' as herein set forth.
"Sec. 5. That this resolution shall be in full force and effect from and
after its ratification.
"Ratified, this the 13th day of March, A. D. 1929."
Under the authority of the resolution quoted above the following Central
Committee on Home-Coming was appointed:
Governor O. Max Gardner.
Hon. -Josephus Daniels (Secretary of the Navy, 1913-1921) publisher of
the News and Observer.
J. W. Harrelson, Director North Carolina Department of Conservation
and Development, Raleigh.
Dr. E. C. Brooks, President of North Carolina State College, Raleigh.
Mrs. A. L. Brooks, Greensboro.
Dr. Delia Dixon Carrol, Physician, Ralegh.
Dr. H. W. Chase, President, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
Mrs. R. N. Duffie, New Bern.
Hon. W. A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture, Raleigh.
Mrs. John Sprunt Hill, DurTiam.
Mrs. Thos. O'Berry, Goldsboro.
Hon. Frank Page, Vice-President Wachovia Bank and Trust Co., Raleigh.
Hon. John A. Park, Publisher Raleigh Times, Raleigh.
Judge John J. Parker, Judge, 4th Circuit, Federal Court of Appeals,
Charlotte.
Dr. Clarence Poe, Publisher The Progressive Farmer, Raleigh.
Mrs. W. B. Sullivan, Charlotte.
Judge N. A. Townsend, Executive Council of the State Administration,
Raleigh.
Hon. Thos. S. White, President, North Carolina State Fair Board, Hert-ford.
Mrs. John H. Anderson, Chapel Hill.
On July 28th, 1929, Governor Gardner issued the following proclamation
on "Home Coming":
"Whereas, The State of North Carolina in the first quarter of the twen-tieth
century has made an astounding record of progress which should now
be reviewed by our citizens and made known to all interested Americans.
Not in a spirit of pride or boasting should this be done but in a spirit of
thanksgiving, aspiration, and dedication to the far greater tasks that lie
yet ahead of us. We must make 'That which we have done but earnest
of the things we yet shall do.' And
"Whereas, In this spirit the last General Assembly of North Carolina
provided for the State-wide observance of the week of October 14-19 as
'North Calolina Home-Coming Week" with the request that all native sons
and daughters of North Carolina now residing outside the State be invited
to return that week and participate in a great State home-coming celebra-tion
at the State Capital and in local celebrations in evry progressive
county of the State where such meetings can be arranged for. Now, there-fore,
I, 0. Max Gardner, as Governor of the State, in accordance with this
act of the Legislature, do hereby proclaim the week of October 14-19 as
'North Carolina Home-Coming Week' and call upon all officials, citizens
and the press of the State to cooperate in promcrting this progressive move-ment.
"Of paramount importance will be the dedication that week of the new
State-owned North Carolina State Fair Grounds with the most compre-hensive
exhibits of our present-day progress and possibilities ever yet pre-sented,
with addresses by eminent Americans and returned North Caro-linans
broadcasted by radio to every corner of the State. During this
Home-Coming Week every native North Carolinian now living outside the
State is asked to see this exhibit of the State's resources at Raleigh and
to visit again his native county and section.
"To this end I call upon evei-y citizen to send in the names of all relatives
and friends outside the State who should be invited to this celebration and
I earnestly request the press of the State to cooperate by inserting blanks
which will be sent for this purpose.
"I also call upon the editors of the local papers in each county, the sec-retaries
of the local chambers of commerce, the county farm and home
agents, and the county superintendent of education, associating with them-selves
such other persons as they may desire, to meet and organize 'County
Home-Coming Celebration Committees' to supplement the major activities
at the State Capital."
Done at our City of Raleigh in this State of
North Carolina, this twenty-seventh day of July,
in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hun-dred
and twenty-nine and in the one hundred and
fifty-fourth year of American Independence.
Tyre C. Taylor, 0. Max Gardner,
Private Secretary. Governor of North Carolina.
10
The Central Committee on Home-Coming met in the office of the Gov-ernor
on Tuesday, July 30, 1929, the Hon. Josephus Daniels presiding in the
absence of the Governor. The committee authorized preparation and the
issuance of formal invitations to be sent to all native North Carolinians
now living beyond the boundaries of North Carolina; recommended for for-mation
of Home-Coming Committees in each County; designed suitable
blanks to be used in compiling the list of persons to receive Home-Coming
invitations; recommended that October 12 and 13 (Saturday and Sunday)
be Home-Coming days for the counties of the State and that distinguished
sons of the counties or of the State be requested to speak on Saturday and
to occupy the pulpits of local churches on Sunday.
The following plans were authorized for use in securing the names and
addresses of former North Carolinians:
(1) Examine all lists of distinguished persons such as the various
"Who's Who."
(2) Run blanks in all newspapers with request that people knowing the
names and addresses of former North Carolinians fill the blanks and mail
to the Department of Conservation and Development.
(3) Secure out-of-State mailing lists from all alumni associations of
colleges and universities located within the State.
(4) Request County and State Officials to send list.
(5) Secure the mailing list of all North Carolina societies of the various
cities and States of the Union.
(6 Request by radio that listeners-in send in names and addresses for
the invitation list.
(7) Request editors of all the newspapers to send in names and ad-dresses.
The county Home-Coming committees were composed of members
of the legislature, county commissioners, chairman county school board, clerk
of superior court, register of deeds, county sheriff, superintendent of schools,
farm agent, home demonstration agent, editors of newspapers and such
other persons as the above mentioned officials may wish to select.
The Central Committee selected the following General Invitation Com-mittee:
Hon. Josephus Daniels, Hon. Frank Page, Dr. Clarence Poe, and
J. W. Harrelson. Special Invitation Committee to distinguished North
Carolinians, Hon. Josephus Daniels, Hon. Frank Page, Dr. Clarence Poe,
Mrs. O'Berry, and Judge John H. Parker.
Hon. Josephus Daniels was selected permanent Vice-Chairman and J. W.
Harrelson permanent Secretary. Adjourned.
The Invitation Committee at a meeting on July 31 adopted the following
formal invitation to be sent to all persons whose names were on the mailing
list:
11
THE GOVERNOR OF NORTH CAROLINA
AND THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA
THROUGH THE
STATE COMMITTEE ON HOME-COMING WEEK
CORDIALLY INVITE
TO VISIT HIS NATIVE STATE AND COUNTY
DURING THE PERIOD OF
OCTOBER TWELFTH TO NINETEENTH
NINETEEN HUNDRED AND T^VENTY-NINE
AND TO PARTICIPATE IN
HIS COUNTY CELEBRATION ON OCTOBER TWELFTH
AND TO ATTEND THE
DEDICATION OF THE NEW NORTH CAROLINA STATE FAIR
DURING THE WEEK OF
OCTOBER THIRTEENTH TO NINETEENTH
0. Max Gardner,
Governor.
SEAL JosEPUS Daniels,
Vice-Chairvian.
Many of the counties carried out in an admirable manner the wishes of
the Central Committee relative to county celebrations. Some counties
made feeble efforts and failed. More than one-half of the counties of the
State made no effort whatsoever to hold a celebration.
The Department of Conservation and Development secured by the various
methods authorized by the Central Committee the mailing' list of approx-imately
13,000 names. To each person whose name appeared on the list
was sent about six weeks in advance of the celebration an informal invi-tation.
The informal invitation contained a message from Governor Gard-ner,
a statement of the objectives for the Home-Coming celebration, and
facts and figures showing something of the State's prosperity since 1900
and a statement relative to the Library Dedication at the University of
North Carolina.
The following program for Raleigh and vicinity was approved by the
Central Committee on Home-Coming:
Sunday
:
8:30 p. m.—Services at the City Auditorium, Raleigh, sponsored by all
of the churches of Raleigh; Speaker, Dr. Geo. W. Truette, President of the
Southern Baptist Conference, and Pastor of the First Baptist Church,
Dallas, Texas.
Monday
:
Children's Day at State Fair
6:30 p. m.—Banquet in honor of distinguished Home-Comers by Raleigh
Chamber of Commerce at Sir Walter Hotel.
12
Tuesday
:
12:00—Address at State Fair grandstand by Governor Franklin D.
Roosevelt of New York. Governor Roosevelt will have an escort of honor
from downtown to State Fair Grounds. Address will be broadcast by
State WPTF.
7:30 p. m.—Gathering of Home-Comers and residents on Capitol Square
for celebration of Light's Golden Jubilee. Flood lighting on Capitol will
be inaugurated. Songs of other days by singers in Colonial costume.
Music by student bands from University of North Carolina, State College,
Duke, and Wake Forest.
Address on Thomas Edison's genius by Josephus Daniels. Acceptance
of lighting system by Governor Gardner and address by Governor Roosevelt.
All talks will be brief. Program will be broadcast.
10; 00 p. m.—Dance by Spinx Club at Carolina Country Club.
Wednesday
:
12:00—Dedication of State Fair Buildings and Grounds by Governor 0.
Max Gardner from stand in main building. Introduction of Governor by
Miss Annie Cherry, President North Carolina Educational Association.
12:30 p. m.—Address by Hon. Joseph M. Dixon, Assistant Secretary of
the Interior and a former United States Senator and Governor of Montana
a native of Alamance County, from stand in main building. A guard of
honor will escort speaker from Sir Walter Hotel to Fair Grounds. Address
will be broadcast from Radio Station WPTF.
Thursday
Carolina Day at State Fair
General Get-together of North Carolinians and Visitors at Fair Grouunds
2:00 p. m.—State College-Wake Forest football game at State College.
Friday
:
Durham-Duke Day at Durham
1:30 p. m.—Guests meet at Washington Duke Hotel.
2:00 p. m.—Inspection of the Liggett and Myers Tobacco Factory plant
(formerly W. Duke Sons & Company plant) where Piedmont and Chester-field
cigarettes are manufactured.
3:00 p. m.—Assemble at the East Duke Building on the old campus for
inspection of the new Duke University buildings.
4:00 p. m.—Tea and reception on the new Duke University Campus by
Duke University until 5:00 p. m.
7:00 p. m.—Dinner in honor of the guests by the Durham County Alumni
Association of the University of North Carolina in the main dining room
of the Washington Duke Hotel.
Membership courtesies of the Hope Valley Country Club, which includes
the golf links, will be extended to visitors.
Saturday
:
University of North Carolina Day, at Chapel Hill
11:00 a. m.—Dedication of new $625,000 Library Building by President
H. W. Chase, Libarian R. L. Wilson and Committee of Trustees consist-ing
of John Sprunt Hill, Chairman; Josephus Daniels; Former Governor
A. W. McLean; Congressman Chas. A. Jones; and Rev. J. T. Mangum.
13
Andrew Keogh, President American Library Association, principal dedi-catory
speaker.
2:00 p. m.—Carolina-Georgia football game at Kenan Stadium.
5:00 p. m.—Reception and open house at Library Building.
7:30 p. m.—Complimentary performance by the Carolina Play Makers.
Saturday will be the initial day of meetings of the Conference of Ed-ucation
in the South, the Southeastern Library Association, and the North
Carolina Association at Chapel Hill.
Home-Comers are requested to register at booth at State Fair where at-tendant
will be on hand to give information and to extend courtesies to
visitors.
This program was carried out in detail.
During the days on which the fair ground was open the Department of
Conservation and Development maintained a registration booth in front of
its exhibit in one of the exhibition halls on the fair grounds.
The response on the part of former North Carolinians to requests to pay
a visit to the home State was well worth the efforts and cost. The im-pression
on former citizens of this State and people generally through the
country was most favorable. "Down Homers", and others, felt that the
State Government and the citizens of the "Old North State" had an interest
in the welfai'e of those born here and now living elsewhere. Many of our
own people here learned more of their own State and took great pride in
telling the returned ones about it; all of which lent something to the
strengthening of our State-gi'oup feeling.
Recommendations: It is recommended that a similar celebration be held
at the end of each five year period.
The programs for future home-coming celebrations should be worked out
in such a way that more responsibility can he placed on the counties of the
State. The program for the first day or two of the celebration should be
a county affair in its entirety. One of the methods by which proper sup-port
can be received from the counties would be to have the invitations ex-tended
from the Governor of North Carolina, the General Assembly of
North Carolina, and from individual persons or central committees in the
counties concerned. The formal invitation should be printed as was the
case in 1929 by a duly authorized State agency and sent to the counties
for distribution to persons who are interest in inviting some former North
Carolinian to come to the State for the celebration. The third of the three
parties in whose name the invitations ai-e extended should then be written
in the blank space in the invitation before it is mailed to the former North
Carolinian.
Former Tar Heels are more interested in returning to their State if the
invitations are sent directlj'^ from some person or group of persons at the
old home. It is believed that if the invitations are sent from the residents
of the former home counties of North Carolinians now living elsewhere
that the response will be more spontaneous.
14
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION RECEIPTS AND
DISBURSEMENTS
(Including Divisions of Commerce and Industry and Public Relations)
BIENNIAL PERIOD ENDING JUNE 30, 1930
RECEIPTS
1928-29 1929-30
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
109-1 Burroughs Bookkeeping Machine.
Salary, Head of Department . .
Salaries and Wages
Office Supplies
Postage, tel. Exp. and Freight.
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Repairs
General Expense
Equipment
Total Expenditures
.
Less Receipts
Appropriation
.
6,000.00
5,275.60
524.46
2,603.79
1,273.29
15,552.79
24.19
257.74
327.76
6,000.00
1,429.50
476.48
1,433.00
1,928.43
3,965.25
104.49
1,544.88
182.13
1,140.75
$ 31,839.62
620.65
$ 28,204.91
892 . 89
$ 31,218.97
15
DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Park Mathewson, Statistician and Assistant Director*
Mrs. Elsie P. Dunn, Stenographer
The death of Park Mathewson, Assistant Director and Statistician in
charge of this Division, makes it impossible to render a complete account
of the Division's activities during the biennium.
Some of the projects launched by Mr. Mathewson were left uncompleted
and others had been proposed but not yet defintely set under way. This
report, because of the circumstances, will give only an outline and brief
summary of the program and accomplishments of the Division. Where
sufficient information cannot be obtained, it will set forth some of the items
in outline form.
"Resources and Industries"
Perhaps the largest task of the biennium consisted of assembling, ar-ranging,
and publishing "Resources and Industries," which is believed to
be the most thorough inventory of resources and industries ever made in
North Carolina.
The publication contains almost 300 pages of tabulated statistics and
discussions of raw materials and industries of the State. Its compilation
is a result of more than a year of studies and field surveys in which all
Divisions of the Department took a part and for which cooperation was
obtained from a number of other State Departments.
Charts, maps, and diagrams, used freely in the publication, picture
graphically the present status and industrial growth of the State. They
also designate various features of the development and the position of the
commonwealth among other States. All illustrations shown in the volume
were prepared especially for this use.
An outstanding feature of the publication is the segregation of statistics
by counties, together with a brief discussion of the natural resources and
their development for every county. Each county section of the volume is
accompanied by an outline map which shows its principal physical features
and characteristics.
The following outline gives an idea of the contents of the publication
:
Location Map of North Carolina.
Foreward, Director.
Table of Contents.
Mr. Mathewson died June 3 while attending a national meeting of the Sons of the
American Revolution at Asbury Park, N. J. He had held the office of Statistician and
Assistant Director since the creation of the Division of Commerce and Industry in 1927.
His work introduced a new feature of activity to the Department and what is believed to
be a new angle to State governmental operation in the Nation.
16
PART ONE
Chart, Trend Largest Industries, 1899-1928.
Physical Divisions and Soils of North Carolina.
Raw Materials:
a. Minerals and Products.
b. Forest Resources and Industries.
Agriculture.
Industries of the State
:
a. Water Resources and Power.
b. Cotton, Textiles, Rayon.
c. Tobacco and Its Products.
d. Furniture Industry.
e. Water Products; Fish and Shellfish.
f. Resorts, Recretation, Game and Fish.
g. Banks and Banking.
Communications
:
a. North Carolina's Location and Communications.
b. Highways of the State.
c. Map; State Railways, Highways, Airways.
d. Map; Passenger and Freight Motor Lines, Inland Waterway.
Population, Labor, Wages.
Wealth and Taxes.
Opportunities in Industry.
Statistics of all Industries of North Carolina.
PART TWO
Map of State, by Counties and Regions.
Facts and Figures of the 100 Counties.
Manufactures by Counties, for 1927.
Detailed Data of Each of the 100 Counties.
Board and Officials, Department Conservation and Development.
Acknowledgements.
Because of the size of the volume and the expense of printing, making a
severe drain on the Department's limited printing fund and curtailing the
issuance of other materials, it was found necessary to set a price on the
publication, $1 being charged for the bound volume and 50c for the paper
cover with 10c additional in each case for postage.
This book has met a consistent demand from the State as well as from
various agencies throughout the Nation which request detailed informa-tion
regarding the State, its resources, and their development. Through
the cooperation of the Department of Education, "Resources and Indus-tries"
has been placed in virtually every public school library in North Car-olina,
and has been adopted as a text book by classes at several colleges in
17
the State. Repeat orders for the book from colleges show the large extent
to which it has. been put to practical service. Colleges and institutions
throughout the nation have placed the volume in their libraries and re-search
files. Plans have been made to revise the publication with latest
figures available as often as conditions warrant and as funds are obtained
for the purpose.
Census of Manufactures
The Department of Conservation and Development was granted special
permission by the U. S. Bureau of the Census in 1928 to take the regular
biennial census of manufactures, the second State to be accorded this priv-ilege,
and consequently the Statistician of the Department was sworn in as
a special agent of the Census Bureau to supervise the enumeration. Fred.
W. Coil, agent of the Federal Bureau, was assigned to have active charge
of the work and to direct a clerical force supplied by the State.
This arrangement proved highly effective and thoroughly satisfactory to
the Department, and it is believed that the results were pleasing to the
Federal Bureau. As a result. North Carolina was the first State in the
Nation to know definitely its industrial status in regard to output of fac-tories
and mills, the number of establishments, number of wage earners,
amount of wages and other features of its industrial life for the year 1927.
These totals were known and used in North Carolina months in advance of
their availibility in other States and almost a year before they could have
been supplied had this State waited the tabulation of figures for the entire
Nation.
Taking of the census allowed the Department to tabulate totals by
counties in which form they had not heretofore been available. It also
provided a copy of every schedule for the files of the Department which
have been useful in special surveys, studies, and enumerations. Consider-ing
the expense and effort expended, it is believed that North Carolina
profited from the arrangement and that it should be continued if funds can
be found available for the purpose.
Flow of Goods Survey
Newest of the statistical features and studies of the Division of Com-merce
and Industry and perhaps an innovation for any State agency was
a study during the biennium of the flow of goods into North Carolina for
use in manufacturing processes, preliminary figures of which were an-nounced
shortly before the close of this report period.
The survey was undertaken for the purpose of showing the degree to
which this State furnishes raw or partly processed materials for its own
factories and mills and the classes and costs of these goods. This informa-tion,
it is believed, will call attention to the local demand for additional
products and lead the way to the development of new industries that will
help to supply the needs pointed out in the survey.
Available figures from the survey show that 532 of approximately 3,000
of the principal manufacturing establishments of the State purchased else-where
and brought into the State some $49,000,000 worth of materials and
supplies in one year. Taking this as a cross-section of the manufacturing
18
establishments of North Carolina, it was estimated that the total of goods
purchased in other States by North Carolina manufacturers amounts to
between $150,000,000 and $200,000,000 annually.
A tabulation of the returns from the survey shows total values in classi-fications
ranging from $10,000 to $16,000,000. Many of the articles, it
is believed, can be produced as cheaply in North Carolina as elsewhere and
they suggest possible opportunities for expanding the industries of the
State. Further detailed study of the returns from the survey is believed
to have possibilities of offering further helpful suggestions to the industrial
life of the State.
The Federal government, as part of the decennial census, in 1930 is under-taking
a census of distribution which will go more deeply into problems of
distribution than the State study contemplated. These surveys pioneer the
way for further consideration of distribution which may help to bring
about more efficient operation of industry and a saving in cost to the con-sumer.
Miscellaneous Activities
Other items to which time and consideration have been given by the
Division of Commerce and Industry include the following:
1. A fourth edition of "Facts and Figures", a digest of outstanding
points about North Carolina, was issued. This leaflet shows the position
which the State enjoys in comparison with others, particularly those lines
in which the State leads or excels. The leaflet has proved to be one of the
most popular of all of the publications issued by the Department, being
greatly in demand by schools and as a general advertising medium for
those living elsewhere who are interes'ted in the State as a prospective
home or location for industry.
2. Assisted in laying the foundation for an organization of States of
the Southeast along lines similar to that followed by the New England
Council which has proved to be an important factor in the life of that
section of the counti-y. Such an organization in the Southeast, it is be-lieved,
would recognize the fact that many of the economic problems of the
section are not confined strictly to State lines but are sectional in character
and their solution will require concerted action on the part of various com-monwealths
aff'ected.
Governor O. Max Gardner called a preliminary conference at Asheville
on April 28 to consider the feasibility of forming such an organization of
States of the Southeast. A resolution to proceed with a permanent or-ganization
was unanimously adopted and delegates to the meeting reflected
considerable enthusiasm for the proposed organization.
3. This Division has cooperated with other agencies of the State in
seeking to obtain the elimination of discriminatory freight rates that burden
North Carolina shippers. The Division head attended hearings on this
subject and has extended cooperation in every practical manner within his
province.
4. Launched a program to show opportunity for expanding the alum-inum
ware industry in North Carolina. Attention was called to the fact
19
that although this State is one of the largest producers of pig aluminum
in the Nation, none of the material is manufactured into finished ware
here.
5. Assembled figures on the tax and debt situation in various counties
for use in promoting the industrial development of the State.
6. Promoted the report of monthly statistics by North Carolina mer-chants
in order that they might have advantages of this service off"ered by
the Federal Reserve Bank of the Fifth District in which the State is sit-uated.
This service gives a regular periodical index of trade conditions,
enabling cooperating merchants to compare their sales with those in other
cities and States and to plan their buying program in accordance with in-formation
gained thereby as well as providing other useful trade informa-tion.
Largely through efforts from this Division, merchantile firms from Ashe-ville,
Durham, Charlotte, Raleigh, Winston-Salem, Burlington, Salisbury,
Lexington, and Gastonia, were induced to begin this service.
7. Continued service as Trade Secretary of the U. S. Bureau of Foreign
and Domestic Commerce. This consists largely of a close contact with
business and industry for distributing the varied trade information of-fered
by the Federal Bureau. Not only does the Bureau assist American
firms actively to expand their foreign markets by keeping them informed
of the trends and conditions, but it carries out varied studies and researches
for the purpose of accomplishing economies and increasing efliiciency in
trade. Being a rapidly growing industrial State, it is important that
North Carolina's marketing facilities be studied and expanded to meet
current demands if progress is to continue.
8. Close contacts were maintained with the various local Chambers
of Commerce and industrial bureaus of the State. This Division has served
as a clearing house for State-wide information, and has undertaken to the
extent of its facilities, the collection and consoHdation of local information
upon request. The Division has lent special assistance when called upon
in helping to land new industries for various localities.
9. Assistance was given by the Division in efforts to obtain a 30-foot
channel for Wilmington through the preparation of a brief which involved
exhaustive studies. Similar information was assembled to promote the de-velopment
of a harbor at Beaufort.
10. The Division has acted as a statistical gathering and collating
agency to meet special requests for information regarding North Carolina.
Statistics on the State have been furnished to magazines for feature ar-ticles,
to research agencies, and to advertising agencies having contracts in
North Carolina. Considerable work is also done to meet individual re-quests
for information and statistics.
20
DIVISION OF FORESTRY
J. S. Holmes, State Forester
Chas. H. Flory, Assistant Forester
F. H. Claridge, Assistant Forester
Grace White, Accounting Clerk-Stenographer
Elsie Hobby, Stenographer Annie Ramsey, Stenograjjher
Mabel Duke, Stenographer Mrs. Mary P. Phillips, Stenographer
The conservation of the forest resources of the State for the economic and
social welfare of our present and future citizens is no mean job. It in-volves
the question as to what is the best use of the land and the relation
of foxiest areas to the soils, waters and wild life of the State and deals with
the human uses of such areas.
The prevention and suppression of forest fires is still the largest part
of the work of the Forestry Division, not only because of its supreme im-portance,
but also because nearly 80 per cent of the total budget of the
Division is given specifically for this purpose. It is, however, impossible
to consider one feature of the work as separate from the rest. The dis-tribution
of planting stock stimulates public interest in forest protection,
and recreational and scenic areas must be protected from fire. The ed-ucational
work carried on by the whole Division, not only gradually brings
about a State-wide forest mindedness, but cultivates a broad appreciation
of the interdependence of humanity and all other living things.
FOREST FIRE CONTROL
Personnel. There has been little change in personnel during the past
eighteen months, most of the changes listed below having taken place in
the first half year of this biennium.
W. A. Peterson who was acting as special agent on the timber resource
study for the Division, was appointed District Forester in charge of District
No. 3, headquarters at Fayetteville, July 20, 1928.
W. L. Nothstein, also acting as special agent on the timber study, was
appointed Junior Forester in charge of visual education on September 7,
1928. Nothstein was later promoted to the rank of District Forester in
charge of District No. 2, headquarters at Lenoir, on January 28, 1929.
A. D. Folweiler, formerly with the U. S. Forest Service at Asheville,
was appointed as District Forester in District No. 2 on August 8, 1928,
to fill the vacancy made by the resignation of H. M. Sebring. Folweiler
was transferred as District Forester to District No. 4, headquarters at New
Bern, on January 28, 1929, to fill a vacancy left by E. M. Eutsler.
E. M. Eutsler, District Forester in District No. 4, since June, 1928, re-signed
December 7, 1928.
21
W. C. Hammerle, formerly a senior ranger on the Cherokee National
Forest, was appointed District Forester in the newly created District No.
6, with headquarters at Wilmington, on July 1, 1929.
E. P. Simmons, Chief Warden in District No. 4, headquarters New Bern,
resigned August 20, 1928, to take up work with the American Forestry
Association.
F. L. Hooker, County Warden of Craven County, was promoted in Aug-ust,
1928, to the rank of Chief Warden in District No. 4.
H. R. Miller, County Warden of Hertford County, was promoted to the
rank of Chief Warden in District No. 5, headquarters at Windsor, on a part
time basis on August 1, 1928. He was placed on full time duty on July
1, 1929, when a total of eight cooperating counties were had in the District.
C. H. Hearn, Chief Warden in District No. 3, was transferred to take
charge of the motion picture truck, on February 1, 1929.
T. R. McMillan, County Warden of Duplin County, was promoted to the
grade of Chief Warden in District No. 3, headquarters at Fayetteville, on
February 1, 1929.
Mary L. Waters, Clerk in District No. 4 office, resigned May 1, 1929.
She was succeeded by Annie K. Cook on the date of May 15, 1929.
Mable C. Duke was transferred from the Division of Commerce and In-dustry
to the Forest Fire Control branch on July 11, 1929, when the new
District No. 6 office opened, and a number of new cooperating counties
were added.
T. C. Evans, a graduate of the 1930 forestry class at North Carolina
State College has been given temporary employment as construction fore-man
on improvements beginning June 15, 1930.
The immense turnover in personnel during the summer of 1928 was
finally adjusted near the end of that year. There seems no doubt that this
frequent turnover is largely due to the low rate of salaries paid technical
men in this State. Of the ten technical men and one non-technical man
who left the service during the past four and a half years, nine of them
did so at considerable increases in salary.
Workman's Compensation. One of the most important questions in re-lation
to the personnel of the Forestry Division is the rating of each class
of employees under the Workman's Compensation Law of 1929. Although
State departments are held responsible for compensation under the law
just as corporations and firms are, no provision has been made in the
budget for paying the awards of the Industrial Commission. This should
be provided under a contingent item or an emergency allotment.
The question has come up this past spring as to whether a fire fighter
properly summond is a State employee under the meaning of the act. The
Commission and the Attorney General differ on this question and compensa-tion
awarded by the former for the loss of an eye while fighting fire has
been held up until the case can be reviewed by the Superior Court, and,
probably, by the Supreme Court.
Cooperation, a. Federal. Under Section 2 of the Clark-McNary Law,
the Department received financial assistance from the Federal government
22
in forest fire control during the fiscal year 1928-29 in the amount of $41,438,
and during the 1929-30 fiscal year, $44,757, a total increase of $10,757 over
the last biennium. North Carolina receives more Federal money for this pur-pose
than any other Southern State and at the present time receives the
tenth largest allotment of the thirty-nine states that qualify. Beginning
with the 1930-31 fiscal year, the new classification of allotments becomes
effective which will give a further increase provided this can be matched
from other funds.
b. State. The people of North Carolina have not yet realized the im-portance,
magnitude or permanence of this State job of protecting from
fire the twenty-million acre tree crop so that its owners can reasonably
expect revenue from every acre. During the 1928-29 fiscal year a State ap-propriation
of only $29,374 was received. For the 1929-30 fiscal year $12,031
was allotted from the $30,000 total State appropriation for forestry; but
the appropriation bill also provided for a transfer of $42,020 of game funds
to forest fire control which brought up the State's part of the total fire con-trol
fund to $54,051.. This remaining part of the total budget figure of
$136,864 was contributed by the various cooperating agencies.
c. Special State Approlyriation. (Great Smoky Mountains National
Park.) A special State appropriation of $4,500 for fire protection on the
lands of the proposed Great Smoky Mountains National Park was given for
the 1929-31 biennium, $3,000 of which was to be used for the 1929-30 fiscal
year and $1,300 for the 1930-31 fiscal year. Protection of these lands be-gan
in the spring of 1929 when $650 was advanced by the North Carolina
Park Commission to be utilized during that spring fire season. Due to the
severity of the spring fire season of 1930, this allotment of $3,000 was
slightly overdrawn, but the balance remaining will probably be sufficient
to carry the work through the first six months period of the 1930-31 fiscal
year, during which time it is expected that the Federal government will
assume protection of these lands. Ten patrolmen were on duty during the
spring of 1930.
d. County Cooperation. County cooperation increased from thirty-one
counties in the 1927-28 fiscal year to thirty-eight counties in the 1928-29
fiscal year and forty-four counties in 1929-30. The total allotments from
these counties increased from $21,600 during 1927-28 to $24,050 in 1928-29
and $30,625 (budget estimate) in 1929-30.
Allotments from counties are now considerably larger than in past years,
yet the majority of the counties still provide an insufficient amount to
properly carry on the work in the county. In requesting these allotments
from counties, they are now estimated on the basis of forest land to be
protected and the hazard presented rather than the county's ability to pay.
All contracts are on a "fifty-fifty" basis, the fiscal year corresponding to the
State's, and counties cannot withdraw their cooperation during the period
of the fiscal year.
The following table shows the cooperating counties together with the
amounts provided during the biennium.
Counties
Appropria-tions
F. Y.
192S-29
Appropria-tions
F. Y.
1929-30
Alexander. . .
Avery
Beaufort ....
Bertie
Brunswick . . .
Buncombe . .
.
Burke
Caldwell
Columbus. . .
Craven
Cumberland .
.
Chowan
Duplin
Edgecombe. .
Greene
HaUfax
Harnett
Haywood
Henderson . . . .
Hertford
Hoke
Jackson
Lee
Lenoir
Macon
McDowell . . . .
Madison
Montgomery .
.
Moore
New Hanover.
Northampton
.
Pitt
Polk
Richmond ....
Robeson
Rutherford . . .
Scotland
Surry
Swain
Transylvania .
.
Warren
Washington . .
.
Wayne
Wilkes
Wilson
Yancey
200*
300
800
1,000
1,000
360
650
l,900t
750
300
1,200
500
600
500
400
300
500
400
500
300
1,100
400
700
500
750
300
.^00
7.50
300
1,200
GOO
500
500
500
400
1,000
500
500
300
S 350
300
1,250
800
1,000
1,000
400
750
2,000
1,000
750
300
500
500
600
654
400
350
500
500
500
375
600
200*
700
500
750
800
750
500
750
300
750
1,200
600
500
500
500
500
600
1,000
500
650
300
Part year.
tincludes $750 for tower.
24
e. Private Cooperation. At the close of the biennium sixty companies,
firms, and individuals formed into thirteen associations were paying an as-sessment
rate of from 1 cent to 2^/^ cents per acre for special fire protection
on their holdings which total 319,163 acres. One association began its work
with an assessment rate of 5 cents per acre in order to immediately provide
for improvements necessary for intensive protection. At the close of the
biennium total private association assessments amounted to $4,989. Ex-cellent
results have been obtained on these areas proving the feasibility of
continuing and expanding this form of cooperation. The proposed Dismal
Swamp Association in the Northeastern part of the State as well as a pro-posed
40,000 acre association in Wilkes County had to be continued for
further action until additional State funds became available to match the
cooperators' funds. With little additional work the areas of private lands
under this form of protection could be greatly expanded.
The following statement gives the names of the organizations cooperating
with the State Forest Service on June 30, 1930, together with the rate of
assessment, the counties in which the lands lie, the names of the land
owners and the number of acres listed under the protection agreement by
each owner.
FOREST PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS
Name and Assessment Rate Counties Individuals Acreage
Chemical Wood Corporation, 2c
Elk Creek Protective Ass'n, Ic
South Mountain Association, Ic
Avery and
Mitchell
Watauga, Wilkes
and Caldwell
Burke, McDowell
and Rutherford
Table Rook Protective Ass'n, Ic
Moore Protective Ass'n, 2c
Burke
Moore
Chemical Wood Corporation
Elk Creek Lumber Company
Wright-Bachman Lbr. Co
C. M. Benedict
Hutton-Bourbonnais Lbr. Co
Town of Morganton
Virginia Greyson
Realty Loan & Guaranty Co
South Mountain Development Co..
North Carolina School for Deaf . . .
State Hospital
F. W. Hossfield
MuU-McGimpsey
D. E. Latham
Holston Corporation
Packer and Harrison
Ralph W. Page
L. L. Biddle
Augustine Healy
Pinehurst, Inc
Pine Needles Inn
Midland Farms
M. W. Marr
M. C. McDonald
H. C. Buchanan
Geo. P. Hawea
3,000
40,000
20,000
470
13,601
3,000
407
2,150
1,100
513
2,000
1,400
500
640
2,767
25,900
350
111
280
3,705
531
837
500
1,500
2,000
50
25
FOREST PROTECTIVE ASSSOCIATION—CoreKnued
Name
Overhilla Protective Asa'n, Ic
Craven Protective Asa'n, 2c
Serp 11 Timber Corp., 1 3^o
Camp Mfg. Co., Ic
Camp Mfg. Co., Ic
Foreman-Bladrs Lbr. Co., Ic
Cooper River Timber Co., 2c
Waccamaw Prot. Asa'n, 2 ' ic
Counties
Harnett
Craven
Carteret
Bertie
Hertford, Gates
Bertie
Pender
Bladen and
Columbus
Individuals
Knollwood Inc
Frank Maples
Pinewild Farm
Moore Co., Inc
S. B. Chapin
V. Z. Reed
James Barker
Mid Pines Country Club
Mrs. E. C. Bliss
Judge W. A. Way
D. J. Ross
Paul Dana
Marr Farms
W. M. Hutt
Samuel G. Allen
John Powell
Miss Alice Presbrey
Never Fail Farm
Alex Sprunt
Ovcrhills Land Co
Van Lindley Nursery. . .
Neuse Lumber Co
Empire Mfg. Co
Pine Lumber Co
Rowland Lumber Co. . . .
Serpell Timber Corp. . . .
Camp Mfg. Co
Camp Mfg. Co
Foreman-Blades Lbr. Co.
Cooper River Timber Co
Waccamaw Lumber Co .
Eric Norden
K. Clyde Council
Cooper River Timber Co
Acreage
1,000
50
1,750
2S0
800
378
2,000
180
150
450
425
250
500
75
50
126
70
5,000
0,000
30,000
1,340
835
4,973
17,600
2,000
6,600
19,952
25,507
23,819
10,280
4,000
5,000
4,404
16,007
/. Cooperation WitKin the Department. Cooperation with the Game
and Fish Divisions has developed during the biennium. Of the total of
thirty-nine counties cooperating in fire control at the end of the 1928-29
fiscal year, twenty-five of the county wardens were combined game, fish and
forest wardens, and at the end of the 1929-30 fiscal year, of the forty-four
counties cooperating, thirty-five of the county wardens held these com-bined
appointments. This assured full time service from these men re-sulting
in higher efficiency and greater economy. In addition to the com-bined
wardens, one District Forester is temporarily serving as a district
26
game and fish warden and two chief forest wardens and one county forest
warden also serve as district game and fish wardens.
g. Railroad Cooperation. All the major railroads in the State as well
as some smaller ones are cooperating in fire control work to the extent of
burning rights-of-way and giving closer inspection to spark arresters and
ashpans and instructing their employees in care with fire. Every railroad
billed for suppression costs of fires for which they are held responsible has
paid these costs during the past year. There is much to be done, however,
in the way of instructing track foremen in the proper methods of right-of-way
burning and to have closer and better inspection given to spark ar-resters
and ashpans. Conferences are being planned with all the larger
railroads to secure their closer cooperation in proper fire control measures.
Progress in Protection. The following chart shows the progress made
during the two fiscal years compared with two previous bienniums.
PROGRESS CHART
June 30,
1925
June 30,
1927
June 30,
1929
June 30,
1930
District Foresters (Number) 4 5
4
25
550
2,800
5
5
42
886
3,541
2,053
6
Chief Wardens (Number) 6
County Forest Wardens (Number)
District Forest Wardens (Number)
Deputy Forest Wardens (Number)
Minute Men (Number)
20
261
1,530
45
1,115
4,071
2,299
Total Forest Wardens and Minute Men .... 1,815 3,384 6,532 7,541
Counties Coop-Crating (Number) 25
5
6,729,802
26
21
6,995,038
38
55
8,675,030
44
Private Timberland Owners Cooperating
(Number) 60
Forest Land Under State Protection 10,067,763
1 9,827 14,600
2,410
16,990
24,050
3,581
29,374
30,625
Appropriations by Private Owners 4,989
Appropriations by State:
18,682 12,031
, 42,020
Special for Smoky Mountains Parlv 558
41,438
2,442
Appropriation by Federal Government 19,875 34,000 44,757
% 48,384 $ 68,000 $ 99,001* $ 136 864
*Budget figure plus S558 for Smoky Mountains Park protection.
Equipment and ImjDrovements. a. Fire Fighting Equipment. Non-expendible
fire fighting equipment purchased and distributed to the warden
organization during the period of this report includes 1,640 fire rakes, 1,414
knapsack pumps, 349 brush hooks, one gross fussees, 8 lanterns, 102 buckets,
195 fire swatters, and 12 trailers. The trailers are equipped with stake
bodies for transporting equipment, fair material, etc., as well as tanks for
water.
27
The major portion of the fire fighting equipment is now being purchased
with cooperative money and supplemented by purchases from State funds;
and an approach is being made to adequately equip field forces. Most
purchases are made from unexpended balances remaining at the end of the
fiscal year so that no handicap is placed on the fire prevention activities.
During the fall period of 1928, a recently patented machine designed for
brushing a fire line was tested out in Columbus County to determine its
merits for use in this State. The machine did not prove satisfactory.
Two recently improved back-fire torches designed by the Houck Manufac-turing
Company and a similar torch manufactured by the Aeriel Torch
Company were tested and while all three of these torches were approved,
lack of funds prevents their purchase at the present time. They are, how-ever,
highly recommended for use in burning fire lines and safety strips
and should be a part of all railroad right-of-way burning equipment. The
fire swatter listed above has been put on the market by the Council Tool
Company, a North Carolina firm. This tool, which has been given wide
use in the Gulf States, will be adopted as standard fire fighting equipment
with us.
6. Lookout Towers.
period as follows:
Ten steel lookout towers were erected during this
LOOKOUT TOWERS
Name
Hfight
No. Ft. County Location
Horse Ridge 35
80
100
93
35
35
47
100
93
100
Burke
Pembroke Robeson
Craven
Columbus
Croatan
Waccamaw
Duggar On Duggar Mountain near Penley
Buncombe
WUkos
Robeson
Hertford
Brunswick
All of the above are inside-stairway type towers except Duggar wRich
is an inside-ladder type. All towers erected during the period of this
report were purchased from the funds of cooperating units. There are now
twenty towers in the detection system consisting of one stone, three wood
and sixteen steel towers, all of which are considered as primary stations
in the proposed system of one hundred and twenty-five towers. In ad-dition
to the above, through cooperation with the Pisgah National Forest,
a lookout has been placed on Table Rock where no tower has been neces-sary.
A cabin has been erected at the base of the Rock for the shelter of
the observer. A wooden cabin has also been built at the base of the Horse
Ridge tower for the same purpose.
Lack of funds to erect sufficient towers necessitates the use of existing
structures for lookout purposes and the following stations were manned
28
during the 1930 spring fire season in addition to the twenty lookout towers
:
Carolina Hotel, Pinehurst; State Sanatorium, Hoke County; North Caro-lina
Bank and Trust Company's Building, Wilmington; Wayne National
Bank Building, Goldsboro, and the First National Bank Building in Wilson.
A temporary map stand worked up by D-4 is being used on the buildings
that are serving as temporary lookout points.
A budget ruling preventing the transfer of money from "Personal Serv-ices"
to "Equipment" under the Cooperative item has prevented the pur-chase
of a 100-foot steel lookout tower from the unexpended balances re-maining
in Columbus County at the close of the 1929-30 fiscal year. This
tower will be purchased and erected immediately after July 1, 1930.
A number of companies manufacturing steel lookout towers were in-terested
in supplying our needs so tower bids from five of these companies
were asked in January, 1929. One North Carolina bid and four bids from
outside of the State were received, the Aermotor Company of Chicago under-bidding
all other manufacturers. Their three types of steel towers have
been adopted as standard.
c. Telephone Lines. During the period of this report, a total of 64.26
miles of telephone line was constructed, consisting of 28.1 miles of ground
circuit line and 36.16 miles of metallic circuit. There are now in the tele-phone
system under State control 89.73 miles of metallic circuit line and
35.85 miles of ground circuit line, a total of 125.58 miles. All telephone
lines are constructed with the intention of tying in lookout towers with
the District offices and with the warden organization. Six miles of ground
circuit line were constructed by the U. S. Forest Service from Jonas Ridge
to Table Rock lookout in Burke County. This line will be maintained by
us. Poles have been set for two miles of metallic circuit line to connect the
Pembroke tower with the local telephone company in Pembroke, Robeson
County. Construction is also going ahead at the present time on nine
miles of ground circuit line to connect Table Rock lookout with District
Warden Beck in Burke County and plans are completed to build two ad-ditional
spur lines of sixteen miles from the Elk Creek telephone system in
connection with Duggar Mountain tower. Considerable additional tele-phone
line work will be required during the next six months period.
Prevention Publicity, a. Motion Pictures. To broaden out prevention
activities, a complete portable motion picture outfit was purchased in Sep-tember,
1928, to tour the State and give motion pictures, illustrated talks
and lectures to school children, camps, civic clubs, fairs, expositions or any
meeting where sufficient people could be gathered together to be interested
in the project. In addition to the truck the outfit included a 1,000 SVE Acme
Projector, a Kohler Model 15-watt generator, a slide projector, a 10x12 foot
rubber screen and a 4x5 foot daylight screen. Twelve reels of forestry mo-tion
pictures showing forests and wild life were included. Camping equip-ment
including a cot, mattress, blanket and cooking utensils form a neces-sary
part of this outfit.
The purchase of the truck and equipment was made in connection with
the purchase of five similar units outfited by the American Forestry As-sociation
at Atlanta. The whole of this equipment when completed cost
29
$4,665.12 and was purchased at a saving of approximately 30 per cent of
the local prices.
A technically trained forester was at first employed to operate the
project, but he was later replaced by a local man. After the Game Division
made us its five-reel game and fish picture which has been continually used
in the project, it shared with the Forestry Division the payment of this
man's salary. The outfit was first of all placed on a fair schedule and
attended ten fairs principally in the eastern part of the State during Sep-tember
and October of 1928, as well as during the fall months of 1929.
On November 10, 1928, the school showings were started in District No. 1,
the unit operating six days to the week from that date to the present time
except during an influenza epidemic in January, 1929, when the schools in
the western part of the State were closed. The educational truck from its
beginning to the date of June 15, 1930, covered 58 counties, gave 449 shows
^vith a total attendance of 110,498, of which 49,111 were adults and 61,387
were children. In addition 27 talks and lectures were given on occasions
when it was not possible to show the pictures.
Counties cooperating in forest fire control were first given attention, but
in the past six months counties have been visited in the order of minimum
travel. It is intended that the project shall cover all the larger rural
schools of the State and it is expected that the program will extend well
into 1932. Much favorable comment has reached the central office on the
influence of this project and its cost has been well worth while.
An auxiliary motor picture outfit, consisting of a DeVry projector. Homo-lite
generator, and a complete set of films is also available and has been
used for more intensified work and to take care of local showings in smaller
schools not covered by the truck project. The outfit has been used in all
Districts during the period of this report with highly satisfactory results.
A new forestry picture, "Friends of Man" was made in connection with
the motion picture project. It was found that very few forestry pictures
available for showing, gave true southern conditions. It was therefore de-cided
to make a picture of three or four reels dealing primarily with forest
conditions in the Coastal Plain section of Noi-th Carolina and equally ap-plicable
to similar conditions in the southeast and Gulf States. The matter
was accordingly taken up with the U. S. Forest Service and in the fall of
1928 a scenario for the picture was worked up. The Office of Motion Pic-tures,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, supervised the taking of the film,
the work on which began on March 22 and ended on April 14, 1929. One
professional actor was hired and another actor was brought from the Ar-kansas
National Forest, the remainder of the characters used being from
Wilmington. The thanks of this Department are due Mrs. Hugh MacRae
and other members of the Little Theatre Guild of Wilmington for their
deep interest and invaluable help in staging the picture which was made
largely in New Hanover County. The American Forestry Association co-operated
financially to the amount of $500 and this Department's expenses
amounted to $523. The U. S. Department of Agriculture furnished all
technical men, camera equipment and supplies, directed the field work and
developed and assembled the picture. The completed four-reel picture be-came
available in January, 1930, and is now being used throughout the
30
State. A number of Southern States have purchased copies of the picture
as well as some of the Northern and Northwestern States. Mr. Flory
closely supervised the production of this picture and was untiring in- his
efforts to bi'ing the parties together and make a success of this all North
Carolina movie.
The West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company very courteously presented
the Department with a copy of a one-reel picture "When Trees Talk" made
by them. This interesting picture is being used at the present time on the
educational truck.
b. Fair and Other Exhibits. During the biennium, two portable ex-hibits
were used in the eastern and western parts of the State which cov-ered
a total of forty-four fairs, consisting of two exhibits at tht State fair
in 1928-29, the Industrial Exposition in the spring of 1929, one exhibit at
the Eastern Carolina Chamber of Commerce Exposition at Farmville, two
exhibits at the North Carolina Forestry Association meeting at Goldsboro
and Asheville, thirty-four county fairs, and floats placed in two parades in
connection with the Feast of the Pirates at Wilmington and the historic
pageant at New Bern. It is estimated that between 650,000 and 700,000
people saw these fair exhibits, and no doubt many additional people were
reached by the forty-five thousand pieces of printed matter distributed at
the exhibit booths.
Owing to the fact that practically all of the material which we now have
has been exhibited at the regular schedule of fairs, it is necessary that a
complete revision of the material be made before the fall season of 1930.
The educational truck followed as many of the fairs as possible and assisted
in setting up the exhibits and dismantling them, the operator showing mo-tion
pictures and having general charge of those exhibits which he attended.
The most outstanding exhibits were placed at the State Fair in 1928 and
1929 where 60 feet of frontage space was had for all the Department's ex-hibits
as well as an outside display of game and fish exhibits.
c. Posters, Sigtis, Patwphlets, etc. There were purchased or obtained
during the period of this report and distributed throughout the organized
districts: 1,500 fire prevention posters, 40,000 forest fire law pamphlets,
19,000 U. S. Forest Service pamphlets and circulars, 4,000 book marks,
2,000 handbills to advertise motion picture shows, and 10,000 forest fire and
game stickers. There were also prepared and erected 2,000 warden steel
flange signs, 4,000 signs warning against destruction of posters, 136 county
boundary shield signs, 10 tower direction signs, and 16 tower name signs.
d. Press. The increasing cooperation of the State press is one of the
most encouraging features of the fire prevention work. Articles from the
central office and district offices are accepted and widely used. This is one
of the most important activities carried on by the office and field force.
The district foresters report the finest cooperation from the newspapers
circulating in their respective districts.
e. "The Forest Warden." Eight quarterly issues of this publication
of the Division devoted to forest fire prevention were distributed during the
period. The 1929 issues consisted of 4,500 copies and the 1930 issues com-
31
prised 5,500 copies each. This publication goes to all county commissioners,
district and county forest wardens, the forestry exchanges, daily news-papers,
lumber companies, etc. There is much to be said in favor of en-larging
this publication to eight pages.
Warden and Other Meetings. On August 27-29, 1929, a forest fire con-trol
conference was held at Beaufort, N. C. Twenty-six people including
foresters from surrounding states and from the U. S. Forest Service at-tended
the meeting. The session included talks by visiting foresters as
well as a complete presentation of papers by the district foresters and
chief wardens dealing with fire control activities in the State.
In the 1928-29 fiscal year, thirty-six warden meetings were held, and in
the 1929-30 fiscal year, forty-one warden meetings were held. These are
primarily schools of instruction for the wardens in cooperating counties
and an attempt is made to hold one meeting in each county annually. Ow-ing
to the expense involved in holding these meetings, only the district
wardens are required to attend. In addition to these meetings, the county
wardens of each district are now being brought together at least once a
year to be completely instructed as to their duties and activities.
The following other meetings were attended: East Tennessee District
Patrolmen Conference in Knoxville, annual meeting of the American For-estry
Association at Jacksonville, Florida, and the Southern Forestry Con-gress
at Memphis, Tennessee. No record is attempted here for such meet-tings
as schools, civic clubs and other organizations covered by the field and
central office forces.
Fire Occurrences and Statistics. Fire control results during the 1928-29
fiscal year were more gratifying than usual. Weather conditions were
favorable during practically the whole of the fire season months. During
the spring season scattered fires occurred through January and February,
though the worst fire period occurred in March and the first half of April.
Two peaks in the occurrence of fires were reached on March 7 and 28 and
four less important peaks occurred on April 2, 3, 6, and 9. The dangerous
spring season closed quite abruptly on April 13. The western districts
experienced but one bad peak in the occurrence of fires on April 9, the sea-son
ending abruptly on April 21.
The 1929 fall fire season was even more favorable than the 1928. With
considerably more area under protection, the number of fires reported
dropped from 200 to 180. The western district experienced an exceptionally
favorable season, the number of fires being reduced to thirty-three, the low-est
figure reported in years. Heavy and well distributed rains during the
fall season were of great assistance in holding down the fire danger.
The 1930 spring season compares with the 1926 season, being one of
the worst fire seasons experienced in the past fourteen years. At the close
of the period precipitation for the State was below normal for seven con-secutive
months, the drought in some sections being critical. Fire hazards
increased tremendously with the drought, fires being reported from the
second day of January through the whole of the spring season. Both the
mountain and eastern districts suifered particularly heavy fire losses in
February, March and April. There were 2,784 fires reported from the
cooperating units, which burned over a total of 227,577 acres with an es-timated
damage of $386,628. The whole field force directed their atten-tion
to fire suppression work and the central ofiice force was greatly handi-capped
with the flood of fire reports requiring payment.
The following is a summary of fire statistics, law enforcement and other
activities for the four fiscal years ending June 30, 1930:
FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR COOPERATING COUNTIES—BY FISCAL YEARS
1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30
Number of Fires by Classes:
A—Under ]4, acre
B
—
}4, to 10 acres
C—10 to 100 acres
D—100 to 600 Acres
E—Over 500 acres
Total
Causes of Fires:
Brush burning
Hunters, fishermen and campers
Railroads
Lumbering
Incendiary
Smokers
Lightning
Miscellaneous.
Unknown
Total
Area Burned—Acres:
Merchantable timber
Reproduction
Open grass land
Total
Average area per fire—acres
Damage:
Merchantable timber
Reproduction
Other
Total
Average damage per fire
Total fire fighting costs
Average fire fighting costs per fire
.
Law Enforcement
:
Number of prosecutions
Number of convictions
Number of acquittals, etc
Fines and costs
19
401
345
75
1,091
203
120
77
73
134
113
20
101
250
1,091
112,249
158,874
34,457
305,580
280
285,765
296,607
36,929
$ 619,301
$ 567
$ 19,814
$ 18.16
93
57
29
1,134
58
425
487
156
19
1,145
266
138
76
33
173
174
4
128
153
1,145
24,035
40,787
11,767
76,589
67
38,072
78,103
15,665
48
486
560
142
22
1,258
257
111
80
58
202
232
5
103
210
1,258
23,343
60,548
8,773
92,664
74
47,253
94,881
15,477
131,840
115
10,925
9.54
157
111
46
2,144
$ 157,611
S 125
% 12,818
$ 10.20
73
52
19
757
51
973
1,487
402
51
2,964
570
176
125
92
743
498
10
276
474
2,964
47,867
1.50,627
36,511
235,005
79
108,861
259,143
29,544
397,548
134
26,239
8.85
203
44
57
2,362
33
FOREST FIRE STATISTICS FOR COOPERATING COUNTIES—BY FISCAL YEARS—Cont
1927-2S 1928-29 1929-30
Responsible Parties Apprehended:
Number of parties billed
Number making payment
Amount received
Cost Paid by Landowners:
Number of parties billed
Number making payment
Amount received
Volunteer Time:
Number of men
Value of time given (20c per hour)
Warden Activities:
Number of hours worked
Mileage, car and on foot
Number of notices posted
Number of people interviewed
Number of sawmills inspected
Number of schools and meetings visited
139
93
1,198
17
15
942
4,841
6,294
12,587
62,565
10,732
18,747
469
572
275
208
2,300
3,064
2,424
34,307
82,792
10.624
24,910
746
975
161
146
1,476
2,640
2,096
44 , 394
195,029
11,407
56,214
893
1,160
534
445
4,095
56
35
333
4,356
3,263
113,578
345,797
18,737
86,380
1,507
2,057
FOREST PLANTING
Forest planting as a part of the forestry program of the States has two
main functions: (1) the restoration of deforested or otherwise unproduc-tive
land to a state of profitable productivity; and (2) the education of the
people, both old and young, by practical demonstration of the value of
forest protection by stimulating their interest in the growing tree. At
the present time this educational value is of first importance in North
Carolina.
The policy of distributing forest tree seedlings to land owners at ap-proximate
cost of production has been working well. In spite of the
scarcity of money, applications have increased in number and size.
During the fiscal year of 1929-30 the distribution exceeded that of the
previous year by some 20,000 seedlings. But what is of more interest is
that the number of individuals, schools and organizations applying for
seedlings more than quadrupled over the previous year. This shows a
more widespread interest in the work and in the long run will have a bet-ter
educational effect than if a few cooperators took a much larger number
of seedlings. The total distribution for this biennium summarized below
is very nearly three times as large as for the previous biennium.
The plan to supply schools with seedlings free of cost in order to start
small demonstration plantations inaugurated in the spring of 1928 has been
continued. The interest in this project has made it desirable to increase
the maximum number of trees allowed one school from 500 to 1,000. Dur-ing
the biennium some ninety-eight schools took and planted 35,366 seed-lings.
This policy of distribution to schools, endorsed by a number of
school principals, will be continued, and increased efforts to make inspec-
34
SUMMARY OF DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY THE STATE FOREST
SERVICE FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD
1928-29 1929-30
Loblolly pine, 1 year
LobloUy pine, 2 years ....
Shortleaf pine, 1 year . . . .
Shortleaf pine, 2 year . . . .
Longleaf pine 1 year
Longleaf pine, 2 year
Slash pine, 1 year
Maritime pine, 1 year . . . .
Walnut, 1 year
Locust, 1 year
White pine, 2 and 3 year
.
Spruce
Scotch pine
Southern balsam, 3-1 . . . .
Miscellaneous
Totals.
66,850
1,075
12,750
154,552
5,187
2,440
405
2,650
12,650
3,300
4,500
16,100
1,623
283,982
50,727
17,000
20,627
138,402
29,685
12,339
600
7,611
10,550
2,186
4,170
1,500
13,200
190
308,787
tions of some of the school plantations and give recommendations as to
their future care will be made. Work in forestry will also be taken up
with the vocational schools, some 100 in number, and forest plantations
started on their grounds as soon as possible, perhaps during the coming
year.
Another means of reaching the public with sound forestry education has
been through cooperation with the Forester of the State Agricultural Ex-tension
Service in supplying black walnut seedlings to 4-H Club members.
During the season of 1929-30 some 7,611 black walnuts were sent to county
agents and individuals. The majority of those trees went to two hundred
and forty-seven 4-H Club members who were allotted small numbers of
these trees by their county agents. With them were also shipped some
walnut seedlings grown from seed produced at Mt. Vernon and Arlington.
This demonstration in practical forestry has received much favorable com-ment.
The 4-H Club members were also given the opportunity of getting
other tree seedlings at a low cost from the State Nursery.
An offer was also made to Boy Scouts in the season 1929-30 similar to
that offered to the schools. Eight Boy Scout organizations took 4,260 seed-lings
to be planted on their camp grounds or other demonstration areas.
This work also will be expanded during the coming biennium.
Having no means of supplying tree seedlings suitable for planting in the
mountain region of this State, an agreement was reached with the Cham-pion
Fibre Company of Canton, North Carolina, whereby they would sup-ply
from their nursery such tree species as they had at a reduced price if
ordered through this Department. A total of 7,470 Norway spruce, 14,850
white pine and 4,500 Scotch pine seedlings was thus distributed, prac-tically
all in the Mountain region of this State.
35
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS BY CLASS OF COOPERATORS—192S-1930
Number of
Cooperators
Number of
Trees
119
9
9S
8
250
3
1
1
1
36S,S05
124,560
35,366
4 , 200
8,321
8,195
6,462
7,500
Mount Mitchell State Park 29,300
Total*. . . 490 592,769
It is hoped that money will become available for a western nursery to
supply farmers and other individuals with tree seedlings suitable for plant-ing
in the mountains.
While seedling production is the major nursery project, efforts are being
continued to find the best stock for transplanting and to work out better
methods of packing and seed sowing. A number of exotic tree seeds have
been planted and the results are being cai'efully watched.
The State nursery facilities have been open to the new forestry school
at State College and the professors have used the nursery for demonstra-tion
and experimental work. Trees have also been given to the Forestry
School for their arboretum on Highway No. 10 outside of Raleigh.
Several demonstration plantings were undertaken during the period of
this report. One at the North Carolina College for Women at Greensboro
was participated in by some fifty students of the College under the super-vision
of Assistant Forester Claridge, while another near Raleigh on pri-vate
property has proven valuable in showing the rate of growth and sur-vival
of different species of trees.
Inspections of areas to be planted, with advice as to species and methods
as well as follow up inspections, have been made so far as time and funds
would permit, and when the project itself seemed to justify such expense.
Cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry of Washington, D.
C, was inaugurated in the project of experimenting with Asiatic chestnuts
which may prove to be blight resistant. This is a timely enterprise as the
chestnut blight has reached every county in the State where the chestnut
naturally grows. Two hundred and fifty trees of this species were re-ceived
in 1929 and 5,000 in the spring, of 1930. Plans are being made for
placing these trees on publicly owned lands in Piedmont and Eastern North
Carolina. It is hoped that these trees will prove to be well adapted to the
climate of North Carolina. Those planted last spring at Lake Rim State
Forest have survived the transplanting and are doing well at the present
time. Experimental plantings in the mountains will be made by the Ap-palachian
Forest Experiment Station.
3a
A number of experiments were started at the Lake Rim State Forest in
the winter of 1929 with several species of trees and different ages of plant-ing
stock. Some interesting results should be obtained from these planta-tions,
especially from the cork oak if it proves to be hardy in this climate.
The experimental planting at Fort Macon has been continued with 6,462
trees planted during the biennium. Many of the plantations have so far
shown very good results, some of the trees having at the present time
reached a height of over three feet. Some experiments, which have at-tracted
attention outside the State, are now being made with sea oats with
the intention of fixing the forward dunes. This question of controlling the
blowing sand along our 300 miles of shore line will assume increasing im-portance,
and enough money to start experiments on this small though em-inently
suitable area should be made available as soon as possible.
The annual spring planting on Mount Mitchell State Park resulted in the
setting out of 29,300 trees, mostly southern balsam. Mr. Claridge has ex-perimented
with different ages and conditions of balsam stock and some
interesting results have been secured. An article by him on this subject
was recently published in the Journal of Forestry. A total of some 55,000
trees have been planted to date, but there remains much more to be done
since 75 per cent of the total area of the park was originally cutover and
most of this area was also burned.
Some improvement plantings have been made at the Frank Stedman Fish
Hatchery, Fayetteville, with sixty-two ornamental trees; while some sixty-five
ornamental trees and shrubs were planted about the house and pens at
the State Game Farm. These plantings should be added to each year in
order to continue the beautification of these places. At the Stedman Hatch-ery
the banks of Bones Creek were washing badly and some 900 willow
cuttings were planted at the stream level in order to bind the soil and keep
down the expense of maintaining the banks of the stream.
The volume of correspondence and calls for advice on all phases of
technical forestry have increased considerably. On planting subjects alone
some 250 communications were answered. A great many of these letters
required detailed advice which took some time in preparation. To facilitate
replies to the planting inquiries a one page circular letter was prepared
called, "Planting Hints."
The negotiations for an additional five acre tract of land at the Clayton
nursery are at a standstill due to the difficulty of securing a clear title to
the land. The budget item of $500 for this purpose is being carried over
into the next fiscal year with the hope that the difficulty may be overcome
so that expansion of the nursery work may continue.
Highway Planting. The Department has been called upon a number of
times to help direct, and in some cases, to undertake roadside planting pro-jects.
While the protection of existing trees and the careful preservation
of small trees already started along the roads will take care of many situa-tions,
highway planting will be necessary, not only for its own sake, but
as a strong appeal to the public. Cooperation in this work is demanded by
Women's Clubs, civic organizations, and municipalities and an effort has
been made to respond so far as possible. After two years experience, the
conclusion has been reached that without a central authority to direct high-
37
way planting much of the effectiveness of these plantings is lost. In co-operation
with the State Highway Department which supplied labor to
dig holes for the trees, some four miles of highway were planted between
Garner and Clayton. One hundred and ninety-five trees, mainly oaks, were
planted on this stretch. A survival of about 86 per cent was obtained the
first year. This percentage being reduced during the succeeding years due
to the vandalism and carelessness of farmers owning the abutting property.
At the present time the trees which have survived are doing well. In co-operation
with the American Business Club of Raleigh which supplied funds
for the work, some 566 trees and shrubs have been planted on the boule-vard
on Highway No. 10 going west from Raleigh. This club has showed
considerable interest in this work and much favorable comment has been
heard about the project. Governor McLean in 1929 and Governor Gardner
in 1930 each planted a tree on this stretch of highway.
The survey made by Mrs. W. L. Lawton, Chairman of the National Coun-cil
for the Protection of Roadside Beauty aided by the Amercian Nature
Association, has greatly stimulated interest in highway beautification in
North Carolina. The published results of this survey entitled, "North
Carolina Roadsides," is one of the best reports on the rural billboard ques-tion
available for any state. Mrs. Lawton was greatly helped while in
this State by the Forestry Division,
STATE PARKS AND FORESTS
The rapid increase of public interest in State parks and forests is one
of the outstanding developments of the past biennium. Outside of the
publicity and educational work conducted by this Department, thei^e are a
number of features which have contributed to the present interest in State
action in the acquisition and development of recreational areas and in the
protection of our natural scenery. Among these are the gradual absorp-tion
of our bathing beaches by development companies or private parties
which may eventually exclude the public; the almost entire exclusion of
the public from our migratory water fowl shooting grounds on the marshes
and sounds of the State by wealthy shooting clubs; the encroachment of
private game preserves on the areas surrounding State game refuges and
the taking over by commercial enterprises of many of the most outstanding
scenic features of the State. The growing number of visitors from all
parts of the country driving over our good roads in search of desirable
stopping places and seeking out or best scenery and most desirable recrea-tional
facilities make us realize that the development of these areas is an
economic asset which can rapidly be developed into one of our most im-portant
and most productive industries. This awakening has been shown
in the popularity of the campaign to secure the establishment of the Great
Smoky Mountains National Park in spite of the fact that in aiding its
establishment the State was giving two million dollars worth of land to the
Federal government. The insistent demand that the State secure Linville
Gorge as a State park is another sign of this feeling and a resolution re-cently
endorsed by one of our leading outdoor organizations asking for the
acquisition of Grandfather Mountain as a State park only emphasizes this
trend in public opinion. An appropriation or an authorized bond issue to
38
inaugurate a definite and progressive acquisition policy would, it is be-lieved,
be one of the most popular steps the Department could take in spite
of the almost universal desire to reduce unnecessary expenditures.
Administration of the State parks and lakes already acquired takes into
consideration first of all the welfare of the local people and the public gen-erally,
and it is with the idea of making these areas of greater use to the
people that the small appropriation available is expended.
Mount Mitchell State Park. This State park purchased under a law in
1915 which carried an appropriation of $20,000 for the purpose is the only
park with a full-time warden. His duties are first of all to help the twenty-five
to thirty-five thousand visitors who ascend Mount Mitchell each sum-mer.
During the spring and fall he acts as lookout in our fire control or-ganization.
It is planned shortly to build him a garage where he may
keep a supply of firefighting tools as well as his car to be ready at a mom-ent's
notice to start for any fire which may threate'n the park or the ad-joining
Mount Mitchell Game Refuge.
Owing to a heavy sleet and consequent windfall during the winter of
1928-29, the large amount of dead and down spruce and balsam timber has
brought about a serious fire hazard on the park. To eliminate that so far
as possible two contracts were let in 1929 to cut the wood and sell it for
pulpwood. This will remove only the larger timber, but the brush will re-main
a serious hazard for a number of years. It is hoped that natural
reproduction will soon take the place of this fallen timber. If this fails,
the plans for planting will extend to this area.
Fort Macon State Park. The park warden at Fort Macon has been em-ployed
only during the summer and then only on part time. It is very nec-essary
that proper protection be given the old fortress since such protec-tion
was guaranteed under the title to the property given to the State by
the War Department. The chief feature of interest has been the accrual of
a large point of land on the eastern end of the island which the Attorney
General has declared is the property of the State and cannot be alienated
by entry. Experimental planting has been carried on and pine trees on
the areas surrounding the Fort have shown excellent growth. An attempt
is being made so far as funds are available to hold the new land by plant-ing
sea oats along the beach and gradually building up the area into sand-hills.
In cooperation with the Engineering Division it was proposed to
stretch a length of wire fence along the lowest part of the ridge so that
wind and tide will work to build up a beach upon which the sea oats will
flourish. If this could be done, not only would a very interesting and
valuable area be added to the State park, but something at least would be
done to stabilize the channel through which commerce enters Bogue Sound.
Unfortunately, funds for this are not yet available.
Miscellaneous Areas. Rendezvous Mountain, a tract of 140 acres in
Wilkes County donated by Judge T. B. Finley, will be used next spring for
an experimental planting of Chinese chestnuts where our native chestnuts
have failed to resist the chestnut blight disease. On account of the cut
in appropriation, the projected trail has not been undertaken.
39
Through the will of Mrs. Elizabeth Coit two areas of 100 acres each on
Wine Spring and Wayah Balds in Macon County were left to the State in
1929. These tracts are surrounded by national forest lands and as yet no
disposition has been made of them. They are too small to handle as a State
park and sooner or later it may be advisable to exchange them with the
Forest Service for an area better adapted to State use.
The Lake Rim Forest, acquired for the protection of the Frank Stedman
Hatchery near Fayetteville, will be largely devoted to experiments in forest
management and forest planting. Already planting has begun and it is ex-pected
that species especially suitable for food for game and the protection
of the streams will be used in planting this forest. Some additional lands
should be acquired for the better protection of the lake.
State Lakes. Everything points to the general satisfaction of the local
people and the general public with the administrative measures already put
into effect on Waccamaw and White Lakes.
While prior to 1929 only those constructing new docks were required to
take out permits, during last year all docks and other buildings had to be
operated under permit. This change was brought about with very little
friction and with general acceptance by those claiming the docks. It has
also been found advisable to require permits for the operation of boats on
these two much frequented lakes and license plates similar to, though
smaller than those on automobiles, are provided to be fastened on each
licensed boat. An additional fee is charged for boats used for commercial
purposes. Through frequent and cordial contact with the users of the
lakes, they have learned that the Department in making regulations is
working for the benefit of all. A recent stir-up about the launching of a
large passenger boat on White Lake was settled without difficulty through
the fair and impai'tial attitude of this Deparment as x-epresented by Mr.
Claridge who investigated this affair.
In cooperation with the Inland Fisheries Division regulations have been
made to improve fishing conditions in White and Waccamaw Lakes. Breed-ing
grounds and special closed seasons for breeding have been set aside and
special regulations made with the object of increasing the number of sport
fish of these lakes. Last fall an almost unanimous request from a large
proportion of the local people was made that they be allowed to use trot
lines in Waccamaw Lake during the three winter months from November
1 to January 31. After a full public hearing, such fishing was allowed
under special permit for about six weeks in order to determine whether the
claim was justified that this practice would reduce the number of scavenger
fish. Judging by reports required of the permittees, around 80 per cent
of the fish caught were undesirable and only 20 per cent were sport fish.
This supported the contention of some authorities that by allowing local
people this privilege an increase rather than a decrease in the spox't fish
would result. It is expected to carry this experiment on again during next
winter. There are now part-time lake wardens on both Waccamaw and
White Lakes, but full-time men should be employed the year round in the
future.
The question of gradually removing all closed structures from over the
State lakes will shortly come to the front. Waggaman Pavillion on Wac-
40
camaw Lake, leased by the owner to Jack Smith last spring, suffered from
a storm which destroyed a dock connecting it with the shore. Its sanitary
conveniences were also put out of business by a fire which destroyed the
Waggaman Hotel. In spite of an agreement to put the building in good
condition it is now closed by the Health authorities. Its removal to some
site on the land would do away with a source of water pollution which is
almost beyond our control. On White Lake an old bath house and pavillion
at Melvin Beach is so rotten that the owner has closed it for the summer.
A new one has been built on the land and the old building will be removed.
The policy of the Department now is to allow no more closed buildings
over the lake.
The value of Waccamaw Lake as a recreation area has been greatly im-proved
by the dam built across its outlet under appropriation of the Gen-eral
Assembly of 1925; in fact, its attractiveness as a bathing, boating and
fishing resort can almost be said to depend on maintaining the lake level at
a fairly constant stage. Owing to the difficulty of the situation and the
necessarily cheap construction of the wooden dam, there have from time to
time occurred serious leaks. These have heretofore been stopped at the
expense of this Department or with the assistance of the local people, chiefly
represented by Mr. K. Clyde Council. A bad leak has recently occurred
(June 27, 1930) at the east end of the dam which was promptly inspected
by Mr. Charles E. Ray of the Engineering Division who recommends the
immediate use of sand bags. With no funds available the Department has
had to call on the local people to make this necessary repair.
The Engineering Division strongly recommends the construction of a new
and permanent dam at a cost of perhaps $10,000 to be made available
through special legislative enactment providing for an appropriation and
county or other local cooperation.
In the spring of 1929 the issue was forced upon the Department as to
whether the State had any claim over Baker's Lake in Bladen County.
After careful investigation of the records it was found that the land sur-rounding
and including Baker's Lake was granted to private parties prior
to 1828 and was therefore legally in the possession of the grantees and their
heirs. This is only a small lake but could be made an excellent fishing
lake, and since it is within an hour's drive of Fayetteville, it is one of the
areas which might with advantage be acquired by the Department as a
State forest. State park or game refuge, the land to be used as a State
forest and the water as a desirable fishing ground.
Following the attempt of a local man to place an entry upon Jones and
Salters Lakes these two lakes were surveyed by the Engineering Division
of the Department and found to contain areas of 227 acres and 322 acres re-spectively.
This led to the passage by the General Assembly of the law
preventing the alienation of any State lakes over 50 acres in extent. Under
this and other laws it seems probable that not only the Bladen County
lakes, but also Phelps, Alligator and Pungo Lakes in the Albemarle region
belong to the State and should be administered by this Department.
GENERAL FORESTRY
There are a large number of activities coming under the general head of
forestry outside of the specific problems of forest fire control, forest plant-
41
ing, and the administration of State parks and forests. These may be
roughly included under education, investigation, legislation, and coopera-tion;
however, they all are designed to gradually bring about a permanent
policy and practice of forestry and conservation for the State, and to aid
land owners and manufacturers of timber products in the production and
disposal of their materials.
To secure permanent results, it is essential that the rising generation be
thoroughly grounded in conservation so that their attitude towards the for-est
will be one of protection rather than destruction. In order to reach
the public in as many ways as possible with convincing evidences of the
importance of the subject, various investigations are necessary. These are
in many cases carried on through cooperation with other States depai't-ments
or agencies, with the Federal government or with civic organizations
and private individuals. Such studies together with the experiences gained
in the administration of the work, frequently show the need for additional
or changed legislation, which from time to time is being proposed in order
to bring about more favorable conditions and better protection to public
property. No avenue is left unused so far as funds and personnel will
permit through which to carry the lessons of conservation and by which
the State's property and the interests of the people may be conserved.
Education. Cai'olina Forest Week is an annual occasion for intensive
forestry publicity and education. Prior to 1929, Forest Week was observed
nationally as American Forest Week. For various reasons the participa-tion
of the Federal government was discontinued and many states observed
their own Forest Week. North and South Carolina joined together in ob-serving
Carolina Forest Week during the third week in March of 1929 and
1930. Arbor and Bird Day in North Carolina thus became a part of our
Forest Week observance.
The idea is to carry a definite message through the schools and the adult
organizations to every person in the State. Special school programs are
advised, often accompanied by tree planting. The cooperation of the civic
clubs is sought and the local newspapers in many cases have entered heartily
into the plan and furnished a vast amount of free publicity. The three
broadcasting stations have granted the Department free facilities for daily
programs during the week. Coming as it does near the spring fire season,
and sometimes in the midst of it, this observance is calculated to reach the
children and the grown people at a most opportune time.
The programs were entered into with more enthusiasm than at any time in
the past, particularly through the schools and the press. The severe 1930
spring fire season, however, prevented the field force from carrying out its
portion of the woi'k to the fullest extent. Among other activities carried
out during Carolina Forest Week in the two years 1929 and 1930 were
programs by teachers and children at some 536 schools, 475 talks, illustrated
lectures and motion picture shows given, 116 window displays placed, 27,-
000 pieces of printed matter distributed and wide publicity from the local
press.
At the sugge.stion of the American Forestry Association which furnished
prizes in the form of three bronze medals, an essay contest in the high
. 42
schools of the State was conducted in the spring of 1930 with very gratify-ing
results. Contesting essays which had been judged the best in their
respective counties were submitted from some twenty-three counties.
Twenty-five dollars was divided into six cash prizes, and seven girls and one
boy in various parts of the State were awarded prizes of medals at their
school commencements. The subject selected was, "Develop a Suitable Wood-land
Taxation Policy for North Carolina." Forty-five essays were sub-mitted
to this office and probably five times that many essays were pre-pared
by the school children. Every high school in the State was invited
to take part in the contest and information in printed and mimeographed
form was sent out to hundreds of the schools. The publicity and informa-tion
conveyed to the young people of the State, and through them to their
elders, will no doubt contribute very materially to the success of the Con-stitutional
amendment which is to be voted on next November. A similar
contest on some other subject will be carried on next year and probably in
following years.
The present force accepts every possible opportunity of making address-es,
giving illustrated lectures and making contacts with young and old.
Talks, moving pictures and instruction are being given at boy's and girls'
camps and especially at teachers' summer schools so far as time and money
have allowed. Last summer nearly half of the camps and summer schools
were reached while the other half were disappointed in having no one there.
This summer a rather more restricted program has been necessary. An ex-tension
of this work to every teachers' summer school and every boy and
girl camp should be made.
The importance of this educational work cannot be over emphasized. Re-quest
has been made that a definite message of forestry be carried into the
one hundred vocational schools of the State with the possible establishment
of a forest plantation in connection with each. The Boy Scouts and similar
groups are asking for all the instruction we can give. The establishment
in the schools of conservation clubs. Forest Guides, and such active organ-izations
offers a wide and fruitful field for the services of a specialist. Last
year such an educational man was engaged, but his appointment was can-celled
on account of the cut in appropriations.
An important feature of the educational work in forestry is in answering
correspondence and in preparing articles and addresses for all sorts of
audiences. It is not only necessary to know the forest conditions and needs
of North Carolina, but to keep up with what is being done to meet similar
needs in other states and countries. The necessity of having readily avail-able
reports, books of reference, pamphlets and clippings emphasizes the
value of a conservation library. Provision should be made at the first op-portunity
for a suitable room and a competent librarian or file clerk so
that each Division could have ready access to the information it most needs.
With the resignation of Mr. H. M. Curran from the State Department of
Agriculture and his leaving the State, an important part of the work which
he was doing; namely, the study of the timber markets and the advising of
owners of small timber tracts as to uses and markets, is falling upon this
Department. This is only proper since it is certainly the duty of the State
Forest Service to furnish such information to the people of the State. At
present we have no specialist to whom such appeals can be referred and no
43
fund to pay the expenses of an examining agent. The employment of an
expert in the harvesting and sale of forest products would be of great
value to the land owners of the State as well as to the wood using indus-tries
in the location of their timber supplies.
Investigations. The last General Assembly (Chapter 282, Public Laws
of 1929) authorized the study of various types of lands with the object of
recommending to the Governor possible State action to protect or acquire
such areas for the benefit of the public. Unfortunately, no appropriation
was made to carry out this provision, and with the cut in revenue, little op-portunity
has been found to prosecute this study as it deserves. Informa-tion
has been gathered from time to time, however, without additional cost
to the State and such information will be presented in the form of a pre-liminary
report "with recommendations to the Governor and the next Gen-eral
Assembly" along the lines required by this measure.
The study of timber resources, begun in the spring of 1928, was complet-ed
that same year and part of the information secured has been incorpor-ated
in the publication, "Resources and Industries of Noi'th Carolina,"
which was compiled and edited by the late Park Mathewson. The estimates
on the remaining standing timber are no doubt conservative, and being
the best available they will be used until more reliable figures can be se-cured.
These estimates show a total stand of about thirteen and a half
billion board feet of merchantable saw timber on the 21,056,400 acres of
woodland (forest) area of the State, or an average of 634 board feet per
acre.
The results of the survey of nonutilized wood carried on during 1928 in
cooperation with the Committee on Wood Utilization of the U. S. Depart-ment
of Commerce were worked up by that Committee under the direction
of Dr. Axel Oxholm. The published report entitled, "Survey of Nonutilized
Wood in North Carolina" toward the cost of which this Department con-tributed,
is being distributed by both cooperating agencies. This report
shows "that approximately 33,000 carloads of nonutilized material are an-nually
available for sale." Much of this material, however, consisting of
sawdust, slabs, edgings, etc., is so remote from cheap transportation and
has so little present value that it could only be handled at a loss unless
some special use could be found for it. It is with the object of bringing
producer and possible consumer together that this study was made.
North Carolina has been very fortunate in that the United States Forest
Service decided to make its final state study of forest taxation here. Three
counties, Macon, Chatham, and Beaufort, were selected, with the possibility
of a fourth, and the work was put in local charge of Mr. Paul Wager of the
University of North Carolina. This study has been carried on without
cost to the State during the spring of 1930 under the direction of Mr. R. C.
Hall of the Forest Tax Commission of the U. S. Forest Service. Mr. Wager
has been assisted by Mr. R. B. Thompson, a forest taxation expert, who
made a similar study in Oregon. This study has been supplemented by the
Southern Forest Experiment Station which carried its economic study of
"the financial possibilities of growing southern pine" into Beaufort County
in charge of Mr. W. E. Bond. These counties were selected not only as
representative of the region, but also because the county land and tax
44
records were in such shape as to justify the study. In this study this De-partment
has been consulted at every step and close cooperation has been
maintained, not only with us, but with the State Tax Commission. The re-sults
should be extremely valuable to the State of North Carolina in its
effort to lighten the burden of taxation on the farmers and other timber
land owners. If the studies in one or all of these three counties bring out
information which will be of value to the people of North Carolina, it may
be advisable to publish a small report on this investigation.
As a part of the cooperative study undertaken by the Water Resources
and Forestry Divisions of the Department, a study was made of the sur-face
conditions of three watersheds tributary to the Durham city watershed
on which stream flow and silt determinations will be made continuously for
a period of years. The map made as the result of the surface study will
form a basis of comparison of the three areas which show different per-centages
of forest growth on the three areas. Some interesting results on
erosion and stream flow may be expected.
Cooperation. In addition to the financial cooperation received from the
Federal government, from counties, and from private individuals in forest
fire control and forest planting, the Department has cooperated as fully as
possible with such organizations as the Southern Forestry Congress, the
North Carolina Forestry Association, the North Carolina Social Service
Conference, the Appalachian Forest Research Council, the National Con-ference
on State Parks, the Association of State Foresters, the American
Forestry Association, the American Tree Association, and similar associa-tions
through which it has been possible and advisable to convey strong con-servation
messages to our own people. Travel to meetings outside of the
State has been used conservatively and has been incurred only where the
best interests of the work and of the State have been carefully considered.
It is only through free and active cooperation with every agency engaged
in similar work that we can hope to bring about a permanent consciousness
favorable to the conservation of our natural resources.
Legislation. The effort to secure favorable legislation is often unsuccess-ful
because there is little demand for it from the people back home who are
represented by the members of the General Assembly. When any piece of
legislation seems to be necessary, it is advisable to convince the people of
its value. If the demand comes from the public rather than from the De-partment,
its success is assured.
The principal measures considered and acted upon by the General As-sembly
of 1929 relating to forestry and the use of the land were as follows
:
1. To prevent the alienation of State lakes having an area of 50 acres
or more. (Chapter 165, page 41, Conservation Laws.) This makes sure
the State tenure of Jones and Salters Lakes in Bladen County and is a
necessary step toward the administration of Phelps, Alligator, and Pungo
Lakes.
2. Providing for the special study of the forest, cutover, open, and shore
land of the State. (Chapter 282, Public Laws of 1929.) This has been
referred to on a previous page.
45
3. Amending Section 8057, Consolidated Statutes, to provide for the ac-quisition
by the Federal government of land in eastern North Carolina for
the establishment of national forests. The first examination of lands for
this purpose resulted in an unfavorable report by the United States Forest
Service on the ground that desirable lands were held too high and that low
priced lands contained too large a proportion of swamp or pocosin lands.
A further investigation it is understood will soon be made.
4. To authorize the United States to acquire land for bird sanctuaries
and refuges. It was felt that this measure would call the attention of the
Federal Government to the desirability of establishing a Federal wild fowl
refuge in eastern North Carolina, possibly at Mattamuskeet.
5. Two measures were introduced relating to the possible adjustment of
taxation on forest lands. On the recommendation of the legislative com-mittees
it was decided to cooperate with the State Tax Commission in urg-ing
the passage of the bill prepared by it providing for putting a Constitu-tional
amendment before the people. This bill was enacted into law and
will be voted upon next November.
Two county laws wei'e passed in which the Forestry Division was keenly
interested. The Onslow County Forest Fire Law allowing the free burning
of woodland during the winter was not approved and an effort was made to
prevent the enactment of this exception to the State-wide Forest Fire Law.
The Burke County Law to prevent the stealing of evergreens and remov-ing
them from the State was approved so far as it went. A more general
law protecting trees, shrubs, and flowers along the highways and prevent-ing
the despoliation of any private property would have an excellent effect
if some feasible means was found for enforcing it.
DIVISION OF FORESTRY RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS
Biennial Period Ending June 30, 1930
Forest Fire Prevention 192S-29
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight .
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights
Repairs
General Expense '
Equipment
Forest Fire Prevention (45 Cooperative Projects):
411-1 Salaries and Wages, 1 ,000 Forest Wardens in 45 cooperative
projects. 1 County Warden in each project. Average 20
District Wardens in each cooperative project
411-2 Salaries and Wages, Forest Wardens and Laborers (firf
fighters) in 45 cooperative projects. Fire suppression only
(fire fighters receive 20c per hour)
411-3 Travel Expense, 1,000 Forest Wardens (Expense car mile-age
at 7c per mile)
411—4 Lookout Towers
25,865.96
1,631.72
2,287.43
6,298.36
2,182.48
4,369.03
25.45
115.55
2,233.92
16,998.36
32,013.08
9,901.23
•« 36,300.55
1,202.31
2,111.31
7,078.46
. 1,306.90
3,928.40
9.67
97.36
1,455.18
4,199.93
25 151 87
20 979 40
6 502 02
2 506 92
46
DIVISION OF FORESTRY RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS—Continued
Forest Fire Prevention 1928-29 1929-30
411-5 Cabins
411-6 Telephone Lines
411-7 Miscellaneous Fire Fighting Equipment.
General Forestry:
412 Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation
Equipment
418-1 General Expense
Parks:
419 Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight
Travel Expenses
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation
424-1 Equipment
Planting:
425 Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, Express and Freight
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation
Equipment
Highway Planting
Repairs, parks
General Ex-pense, parks
General Expense, planting
Insurance
State Fair
413
414
415
416
417
418
420
421
422
423
424
426
427
428
429
430
431
1 4,689.68
337.52
160.62
817.14
596.66
228.53
96.26
99.75
3,430.06
399 . 62
,3.05
242.72
53.90
18.83
76.19 . 1
4,476.35
757.33
91.99
63.99
12.65
268.91
51.41
900.00
590.17
2.50
5.81
49.71
200.00
248.16
1.588.12
3,764.69
3,351.66
97.71
239.98
566.07
258.92
69.62
94.05
30.00
2,660.59
. 20.35
69.80
273.02
33.00
14.31
- 126.25 m 6,991.78
892.72
191.89
151.97
27.04
377.85
577.86
Total Expenditure
.
Less Receipts
S122,643.92
78,111.88
$135,547.69
72,045.09
Appropriation
.
$ 44,532.04 $ 63,502.60
47
DIVISION OF GAME
Chas. H. England, State Game Warden
Mrs, Alice W. Bradley, Stenographer
C. L. Beddingfield, Chief Clerk Mrs. Lillian Brickhouse, Clerk
Introduction
There is a Biblical assertion to the effect that in the beginning of the
world man was given dominion over the fowl of the air, the fish of the sea,
and the wild beasts of the field, with authority to use them for his comfort
and pleasure. For a while, a condition of plentitude prevailed and man
made use of these resources without let or hinderance. As time passed and
governments were established, the extreme individuality of mankind was
soon lost, and supervisory rights over the wild life were vested in rulers
and governments.
In North Carolina, the sovereignty is vested in the people and our Su-preme
Court has declared that the game and other wild life of the State is
the property of all the people of North Carolina.
Need for Game Protection. If we are to have for ourselves and to pre-serve
for future generations the valuable resources afforded by our wild
life, practical conservation methods are necessary. Business practices are
essential. We must follow a proper program and definite policies.
The North Carolina Game Law was passed by the General Assembly of
1927. It recognizes the interests of the people in the wild life of the State
and establishes a policy under which the public rights in this common prop-erty
are protected. From a practical angle, the law creates the machinery
for carrying out its purposes, prescribing the course of action that its ad-ministration
must follow.
Law Enforcement. That public sentiment has constantly and rapidly
crystalized in favor of a rigid enforcement of the game law can be con-clusively
shown in several ways. Each succeeding year the number of
convictions obtained has consistently increased, due to increasing support
of the general public in reporting violations to the wardens and willing-ness
to appear as witnesses. The records show that the courts are steadily
imposing larger fines and severer sentences on convicted violators. Sher-iffs
and all peace officers designated as ex-officio wardens in the law are
showing more interest and willingness to prosecute game and fish violations,
largely as a result of insistent demand of the general public that the laws
be enforced.
There is a strong sentiment, steadily growing, to increase the reward
from $5.00 to $10.00 offered in the law for evidence to convict game law
violators.
During the period extending from July 1st, 1928, to June 30th, 1930, a
total of 3,415 convictions have been obtained for violations of the State
Game Law. While no comparison for a previous biennium is available since
48
the law was in effect only one year previous to this report period, the num-ber
of convictions for the first year of operation of the State Game Law
was only 875. The total of fines and costs assessed against game law
violators was $34,863.00 over the two year period.
The State Game Law provides that hides or furs taken or held in viola-tion
of the statute shall be seized and disposed of under specific require-ments.
Under these provisions, seizures have been made of hides and furs
in eight counties during the biennium. These were sold, according to the
law, and brought a total of $498.30.
It is also provided by the State law that game may not be held in cap-tivity
except under special permit from the Department of Conservation
and Development. The public has shown an especial liking for fawns, seven
of which being held illegally were confiscated during the biennium, most of
which were released on State Game Refuges. One bear was also released
during the period after confiscation.
Interest in game from an educational and scientific viewpoint is shown
in the fact that 23 permits have been granted during the two-year period
for the taking of game for these purposes. These permits are issued mostly
to zoology and biology classes in public schools and colleges and to scientific
institutions.
Wao'den Service. The warden organization consists of the State Game
Warden, three District Wardens, and a County Warden in each county in
the State, with the exception of Dare and Hyde Counties. The County
Warden of Beaufort County also serves as warden in Hyde County. R. B.
Etheridge, board member, with the assistance of the sheriff of the county,
and other ex-officio game wardens named in the law, has handled matters in
Dare County.
The annual salary of each of the District Wardens is $2,000, with a travel
allowance not in excess of $1,350 a year.
The annual salary of the County Wardens, which includes travel expense,
ranges from $850 to $1,200, with an additional twelve and one-half cents
for each license sold in his county. If the game and fish warden is also a
forest warden, his salary is larger.
Each county warden has secured for appointment by the State Game
Warden from six to forty interested persons in his county to serve as spec-ial
deputy wardens without pay from the Department. An inestimably
valuable service has been uniformly rendered throughout the State by
these special wardens, without compensation from the Department.
High praise and commendation are due the District and County Wardens
for the untiring effort, faithful, intelligent and impartial service rendered.
Propagation of Game. The best thought and highest authority engaged
in game restoration and advancement agree that the introduction of new
blood is advisable and necessary even in sections where the breeding stock
is more or less adequate. This opinion is backed by the experiments and
tests made by the Biological Survey and other game propagating agencies in
the several states. It seems to have been established beyond a doubt that
the infusion of new blood increases the vigor, vitality and productiveness of
the local breeding stock.
49
Under the Game Division budget for the present biennium, beginning
July 1st, 1929, and ending June SOtlx, 1931, approximately twenty-five per
cent of the total estimated game fund receipts was asked for and allowed
by the budget to be spent for game propagation for each fiscal year of the
two-year period. This money is spent in three ways: First, operation of
the State Game Farm; second, establishment, maintenance and protection
of State and County Game Refuges; and third, the purchase of game. See
financial statement for first fiscal year of biennium for amount spent in
each of these ways. Also see subsequent tables for game raised, purchased
and released.
Game Farm. The State Game Farm was completed and opened about
April 1st, 1928. Despite the late start, it did well that year. During the
second breeding season, of the spring of 1929, improvements were made and
results obtained were satisfactory. At the beginning of the present budget
biennium, July 1st, 1929, the State Game Farm was placed strictly upon its
own budget. Therefore, during this year, or the third breeding season now
on, the cost of the operation of the farm and cost of all game per head
that is raised can be estimated in advance and determined accurately at
the close of the season.
The value of the operation of the State Game Farm as an educational
medium for game advancement and propagation cannot be over-estimated.
Hundreds of people visit the farm weekly and a personal inspection and
better understanding of the State's undertaking arouses in them a coopera-tive
support and interest that perhaps otherwise could not be as fully ob-tained.
See subsequent table for species of game and numbers of each
species used as breeders at Game Farm.
INVENTORY OF GAME AT ASHEBORO STATE FARM
Quail:
Parent stock or breeding quail 492
Young quail already hatched 976
Number of quaU eggs now sotting 1932
Proposed production for season 4000
(Percentage of fertility, 95)
Pheasants:
Parent stock or breeding Ringneck Pheasants 465