Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development of the State of North Carolina |
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N.G.Dept. of conservation & Development Report C550 NS7r JS4-2/44- ..^ C6e LflJrarp ([|nit)er0itp of JI3ottl) Carolina Collection ot jRortl) CatoUniana CnHotocB bp 31oSn feptunt ^(U of tl)t m&W of 1889 C55o JMBTr ''/''/if'''"' UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00033966101 This hook must not he taken from the Lihvavy huildin^. jr,-' .(' "-''fci'l < "-1 ;>-( i;'^'/ i,V' TENTH BIENNIAL REPORT OF The Department of Conservation and Development OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1944 TENTH BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA For the Biennium Ending June 30, 1944 BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT Governor J. Melville Broughton, Chairman Raleigh J. L. HoRNE, Vice Chairman Rocky Mount Harry Bailey Penland Oscar P. Breece Fayetteville J. Wilbur Bunn Raleigh K. Clyde Council Wananish W. J. Damtoft Canton J. HoRTON DouGHTON Statesvillo Irving F. Hall Raleigh W. Roy Hampton Plymouth R. H. Holland Wilmington Wm. Carl Hudson Morganton Chas. H. Jenkins Aulander Carroll P. Rogers Trj'on Richard S. Tufts Pinehurst Lee B. Weathers Shelby R. Bruce Etheridge, Director Raleigh Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2011 witii funding from Ensuring Democracy througii Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/biennialconserv19421944 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, N. C. October 15, 1944 To His Excellency, Hon. J. Melville Broughton Governor of North Carolina Sir: In accordance with Section 11, Chapter 122, PubUc Laws of 1925, and by direc-tion of the Board of Conservation and Development, I have the pleasure of submit-ting herewith the Tenth Report of the Department of Conservation and Develop-ment for the biennium ending June 30, 1944. There are shown in this report a review of the activities of the Department during the last two-year period and a financial statement for the biennium. Respectfully submitted, R. Bruce Etheridge, Director. o 4- DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS ADMINISTRATIVE R. Bruce Etheridge, Director Paul Kelly, Assistant Director W. Ray Bishop, Auditor Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobete, Senior Accounting Clerk EuLA Lincoln, Senior Accounting Clerk Evelyne Yelverton, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Margaret Scott, Senior Stenographer-Clerk L. W. BuNN, Senior General Clerk DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Capt. John A, Nelson, Commissioner Thomas A. Basnight, Assistant Commissioner D. M. Davis, Assistant Commissioner N. R. Webb, Principal Accounting Clerk Mary E. Willis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk N. McKeithen Caldwell, District Sanitarian DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Paul Kelly, Industrial Engineer James E. Coad, Executive Secretary. War Industries Coordination Committee Philip Schwartz, Industrial Analyst Nell Wellons, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mary Lee Cowper, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Virginia Anderson, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF FORESTRY J. S. Holmes, State Forester W. K. Beichler, Principal Forester P. A. Griffiths, Senior Forester R. J. Pearse, Acting Superintendnt of State Parks P. W. Tillman, Senior Forester A. B. Smith, Associate Forester H. G. BoLicK, Assistant Superintendent of State Parks Mrs. Grace. W. Prevost Principal Accounting Clerk Mrs. Mabel D. Young, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Edna J. Almand, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Elsie Eason, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Margie Evans, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DISTRICT FORESTERS W. J. Clark, Asheville J. H. Ruff, Rockingham W, L. Brewer, Jr., Fayetteville SENIOR FORESTER: MANAGEMENT Frank J. Miller, Elizabethtown ACTING DISTRICT FORESTERS A. D. Williams, Lenoir F. L. Hooker, New Bern E. C. Ferebee, Rocky Mount DISTRICT FOREST RANGERS T. E. Begley, Asheville M. A. Jones, Rocky'Mount E. P. Simmons. Lenoir T. R. McMillam, Fayetteville N. T. Faulkner, Rockingham Paul E. Sebring, Fayetteville L. W. Davis, New Bern R. D. Wise, Elizabeth'City DISTRICT OFFICE CLERK STENOGRAPHERS Mrs. Richard Spinks, Asheville Mary Ellen Quinliven, Rocky Mount Mary Pulliam, Lenoir Anna Campbell, Fayetteville |£ Jeannie Currie, Rockingham Elizabeth Harrell, Elizabeth City Mrs. W. W. Hitson, New Bern Christine PETERs,|_Elizabethtown CARETAKERS—STATE PARKS Ed Wilson, Mount Mitchell Grady L. Mills, Morrow Mountain Jesse Long, Hanging Rock J. W. Kistler, Crabtree Creek Thomas F. Davenport, Phelps Lake NURSERYMEN Moody M. Clemmons, Clayton Pelzie Hamilton, Crab Creek DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES HiNTON James, Commissioner J. D. Findlay, Assistant to Commissioner Mrs. Alice W. Austell, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Margaret Jarvis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Esther Williamson, Senior Account-Clerk DISTRICT GAME PROTECTORS J. A. Bradshaw, Asheville E. L. Nicholson, Burgaw C. M. Capel, Mt. Gilead L. E. Warrington, New Bern H. G. Farthing, Boone R. E. West, Moyock R. F. Logan, Chapel Hill C. N. Woolard, Wilson Fred C. Ott, Superintendent Game Farm, Fayetteville C. N. Mease, Chief Refuge Supervisor, Marion J. H. Longshore, Chief Refuge Supervisor, Asheville Frank W. Eatman, Coordinator. Pittman-Robertson Projects, Raleigh Miss Elsie Proctor, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Lyman DeBerry, Mt. Gilead, Project Leader L. B. Hopkins, Raleigh, Project Leader GAME MANAGEMENT R. B. Armfield, Division Biologist, Raleigh Mary Weathers, Junior Stenographer-Clerk FISH HATCHERY SUPERINTENDENTS R. B. Armfield, Supervisor of Fish Resources Morrison Hatchery, Leo F. Reiger, Waynesville "Pete" Murphy Hatchery, Luther Skaggs, Marion Marmon Hatchery, Clyde Anderson, Pineola Roaring Gap Hatchery, Guy C. Wallace, Roaring Gap DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Jasper L. Stuckey, State Geologist W. A. White, Assistant State Geologist W. A. Reid, Associate Chemist Jane Anderson, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF STATE ADVERTISING W. p. Sharpe, Manager John G. Hemmer, Senior Publicity Specialist Mrs. Dorothy Lewis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Margaret Mann, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Faye Branca, Junior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Clalee Dunagan, Junior General Clerk DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENGINEERING W. H. Riley, Acting Chief Engineer F. E. Day, Associate Engineer Frances Moore, Junior Stenographer-Clerk REPORT OF DIRECTOR During the entire period covered by this report (1942-44), the country has been at war. Problems and difficulties never before encountered have arisen in the op-eration of the Department, and the greatest opportunity for service has been pre-sented. Intensified interest has been directed toward many of the functions of the De-partment. On the other hand, it has been manifestly impractical to continue on full scale some of the activities. The Department prides itself, however, in the fact that it has not permitted any important feature of its work to lapse entirely during this strenuous period. Our greatest problems have been brought about by the shortage of manpower and the inavailability of equipment and supplies. Many of our key men have gone into the services and others have left the Department for defense jobs. It has been almost impossible to replace personnel, partly because of the inavailability of men and also because the Department has not been able to compete with salaries paid elsewhere. Perhaps the most lasting impression of the war on the program of the Department has been the emphasis it has placed upon conservation. This, of course, has not always been evident and perhaps more often not discernible and only indirect. Nev-er in our history has there been such a drain on our natural resources as has been experienced during this mechanized war. The demand on our farms, forests, and minerals has been without precedent. In the haste and speed demanded by war it has not always been possible to handle these resources in the most economical manner and some rehabilitation wiU be necessary in order not to spoil the future utiUty of some of our resources. The fact that the country has been able to arm so quickly and effectively was made possible only by the fact that this coimtry was so fortunately endowed with an abundance of raw materials. Well might the nation shudder to think what might have happened had it not been able to call for and have placed at its disposal the raw materials for the manufacture of the almost countless articles necessary for its protection. Without these resources the country might have been just another victim of a ruthless foe. Out of this conflict there has come, however, a warning that even though the re-sources of the country are the envy of the world, they may be depleted to such an extent as to impair our ability to defend ourselves and to deprive the people of the enjoyment of conveniences and even necessities in the future. At times during the war, shortages of what had previously been considered almost inexhaustible resources threatened to impair the entire war effort and to prolong the struggle. Not only was the need for better conservation practices demonstrated but the necessity for a more thorough knowledge of certain resources was pointed out. If we are a wise people, these lessons will be put into practice. Use of the State's and Nation's natural resources has taken the natural course dur-ing the war period—that is emphasis has been placed on speedy production to meet immediate demands. It has not been practical often to eliminate waste which is often a part of haste in harvesting and utihzing natural resources. However, the fact that conservation of natural resources was not a foremost consideration makes such practices more essential in the future. Additional demands for a more thorough conservation program to repair the waste of war will, it is contemplated, be reflected in the budget requests this fall. Another 10 cause for an expanded postwar conservation activity is the provision of needed and' beneficial public improvement projects which will provide a reservoir of work if a program of this nature develops after the war. By this means any emergency work program could be guided into constructive channels which would not otherM'ise be available. DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES Commercial Fisheries: Predominance of good prices and unusual demands have more than offset other handicaps which the fishermen have faced during the past two years. Considering all factors, the past biennium has been one of the most successful ever experienced by the commercial fishermen of the State. Fewer fishermen have been engaged in their pursuits than for a similar period in a number of years. Many fishermen have gone into the armed services, others have-been employed in war industries, and an appreciable number of fishing boats have been taken over by the government. In addition, some of the most valuable fishing waters have been restricted for defense purposes. In spite of the handicaps faced by the industry, generally, the production of com-mercial fisheries was greater in quantity, and the return to the fishermen was pon siderably higher than during the preceding biennium. Prices so much higher than' the normal have prevailed that the cash paid to the fishermen was considerably high-er than normall.y. The total value of all water products reached $10,294,710 for the last biennium, compared with $6,684,110 during the 1940-42 period. Particularly was the production of oysters encouraging. The yield of oysters during the two-year period was 752,268 bushels which brought an estimated return of $752,268 to the fishermen. The production for 1943-44 was greater than for any other j^ear in the history of the Department, with one exception. , Experiments and demonstrations of oyster growing have continued at the North. River Station which was made possible by an appropriation made by the General Assembly of 1943. During this biennium, interest has picked up considerably in^ the private culture of oysters. An indication of the value of this type of project is> the fact that quantities of cultivated oysters have sold at double the average price of those taken from natural beds. Commerce and Industry: This Division has experience one of the most active pe-riods of its existence during the past two years. Its efforts have been largely di-rected toward aiding in the war effort by helping to find facilities for the production of materials for the armed services. A special committee on War Industrial Cdordination was appointed by Governor Broughton immediately before the opening of the biennium for the primary purpose of assisting industry in converting to war production. The work of this committee was financed through appropriations to the Division of Commerce and Industry and its program was directed through the Division. Working with the War Pro-duction Board and other federal agencies, the Committee assisted numerous plants to obtain contracts, thus helping to avoid costly delays and speeding output urgently needed by the armed forces. One of the outstanding services of the Division was in helping manufacturers find' needed industrial space for establishing additional productibn facilities. Although the number of new war plants estabhshed in the State was not large, some of those that did locate in the State would, no doubt, had been placed elsewhere had not the services of the Division been used in their behalf. By working with the officials of industries in other States, the Division has helped in the establishment of several' branch plants in North Carolina. 11 In the early days of the war, it was realized that North Carolina would not be able to participate in war production in the form of new manufacturing facilities to an equal extent with some of the other states. It was quite natural that the gov-ernment give contracts to existing plants for most of the heavy equipment and ma-terials where somewhat similar products had been manufactured previously rather than to seek out new technical staffs and new sources of labor. Realizing this situation, the Division devoted its energies largely toward getting expansions of large companies already having war orders and toward promoting research to uncover new resources to provide raw materials for other industries. Forestry: Some features of the program of the Division of Forestry have been em-phasized and others have been curtailed by the war. Added stress has been placed on forest fire protection and timber management while State Park activities have been continued on a below- normal level. Continued stress was placed by the Department on fire protection as the basis of a well-rounded and efficient forestry program. This feature of the program was substantially implemented during the biennium by emergency federal appropriations for forest fire control in designated critical defense areas. Federal funds amounting to $109,000 were made available for this purpose in 1942-43; the amount dropped to about $90,000 during the last fiscal year of the biennium; and further reduction will be made during the ensuing year. These amounts were in addition to regular federal allotments. The Department takes pride, however, in pointing to the fact that the regular State program of forest fire control was extended to the largest number of counties (62) ever protected, with the total area of woodlands in the State system amounting to 12,475,329 acres at the close of the biennium. Although material progress has been made within the past few years in the State's forest fire program, some 4,500,000 acres of woodlands in North Carolina still do not have organized protection, and the degree of protection given most of the terri-tory now under protection is not sufficiently adequate for the most effective results. Without'a sufficiently complete and thorough program of this nature, other forestry measures cannot attain a full measure of success. Naturally, other measures, including in particular sound management practices, reforestation, and the wise use of all forest products are necessary for an adequate forestry program which will assure a continuous yield of timber. Wartime demands for timber have been the greatest ever experieliced in the history of the nation. Threats of a really serious shortage brought special action by the Federal Government in the form of the Timber Production War Project. The State cooperated actively with this agency in encouraging owners with mature timber to cut and market and in advising, wherever possible, concerning cutting methods. Although State Park activities have been curtailed materially during the bien-nium, there have been numerous essential functions which have necessarily been continued for the protection of the large investments in these areas. During this period, the curtailed force has also been busy in planning developments which were deferred during the war. Extensive plans have been made for the completion of the park system as a source of relaxation and recreation to hundreds of thousands who will desire and need these facilities in the future. This program will provide substantial work reserve projects which can be taken up after the war by either the State or Federal government. Game and Inland Fisheries: Although hunters, fishermen, and recreationists have not been able to indulge in their favorite sports to the average extent during the 12 past two years, it was manifestly not wise to relax game and fish protection at the risk of losing the efi'ects of the efforts of many preceding years. Financial limitations, as well as the inavaUability of manpower, made it manda-tory to curtail substantially research projects and even to suspend some during the current emergency. Naturally the fact that fewer hunters and fishermen were able to participate in these sports resulted in the sale of fewer licenses and a reduction in the receipts which finance the game and inland fisheries program. Only as a result of curtailments in expenditures was it possible to keep expenditures in line with collections. A con-tingent appropriation of $100,000 annually for the biennium by the General Assem-bly of 1943 was turned back into the General Fund. This appropriation carried the limitation that it could be used only for law enforcement after "all other projects of research, or any other operation not directly related to enforcement, shall be dis-continued." The activities of this Division have probably been affected to a greater extent by the war than others of the Department. It has been impractical to plan and execute the various normal activities under the handicap of decreasing and uncertain reve-nues. The inavailability of trained men has also been a limiting factor. When travel restrictions are released, ammunition becomes more abundant, and necessary manpower, both trained and untrained, are available, a progressive program will go forward. While protection is the basic feature of a game program and should receive pri-mary stress, education and research are important and will receive special attention as normal activities are resumed. Mineral Resources: Demands for minerals in tremendous quantities and wide va-riety have placed the heaviest burden ever faced by the Division of Mineral Resources during the biennium, in addition to its regular duties. Additional tasks have been carried out by the Division with the desire to cooperate to the fullest extent in the war effort, as has been the case with the other Divisions of the Department. As a result of these accelerated and enlarged activities, much fundamental work, which has already led to increased production and which should pave the way for new developments in the future, has been done. Because of limitations of personnel and to assemble special information, it was necessary to supplement the facilities of the Division. Earlj' in 1943, the nation-ally known engineering firm of H. A. Brassert and Company was employed by Gov-ernor J. Melville Broughton for a special examination and study of the iron, coal, and olivine resources of the State with particular reference to facilitating their de-velopment. The need of this survey grew out of the national steel shortage which was the subject of an investigation by a special committee from the National House of Representatives. This survey, as indicated elsewhere in this report, led to a comprehensive program of core drilling by the U. S. Bureau of Mines upon the completion of which it is ex-pected that the State will have a fairly complete inventory of the iron and coal re-sources of North Carolina. As a result of basic studies of olivine and experiment and pilot plant operation in the reduction of magnesium from this mineral, it is be-lieved that there is a fair chance for a reduction plant in the State in the future. The Division has worked in cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority,, the U. S. Geological Survey, and the Bureau of Mines in field studies and investiga-tions of several minerals which show promise of development in the future. The State's knowledge of its mineral resources has been greatly increased as a result of activities during the biennium. 13 State Advertising: While the State Advertising program has been carried on throughout the biennium, it has been altered extensively to fit into the war pattern. Emphasis was shifted from tourist and other features to industrial promotion to help in the unprecedented armament program. With the exception of occasional advertisements to preserve the investments already made by the State over a period of years, tourist copy was virtually discon-tinued. The theme of the few tourist advertisements run after restrictions were placed on travel was to remind future vacationists that the same old attractions will be found in North Carolina after the emergency is over. The volume of agricultural copy was reduced sharply and was altered to point , toward increasing the production of food and other crops more particularly needed. A limited number of summer camp advertisements was also run. In the main, the predominating industrial copy was directed toward helping to locate industries for war production and to call attention to unexploited resources which had possibilities of use in the armament program. Special attention in the promotional work, other than direct advertising, has been paid to the servicemen training within the State. This was accomplished partly through pictorial folding postcards, a special pamphlet, camp and club murals, and the motion picture "Variety Vacationland." Plans have already been made to shift emphasis back to travel promotion through direct advertising and other promotional efforts immediately upon relaxation of travel restrictions. Attention is also being given to the promotion of additional tourist facilities in areas where they appear to be inadequate to handle the volume of travel which is expected to develop in the postwar period. North CaroUna should continue for some time to realize on investments made during past years in familiar-izing the nation with her attractions. These results wQl be cumulative as the pro-gram continues. Water Resources and Engineering: Since May 1942, this Division has been without the services of a Chief Engineer. W. H. RUey, acting Chief Engineer, has taken care of the duties of this office as well as those of his own as Assistant Engineer. In spite of a continuous search for an engineer to fill this position, these efforts have not been successful. As a result of the lack of the services of a Chief Engineer and other conditions, it has been necessary to suspend activities in some phases of the program of the Divi-sion, but these will be continued when the organization is completed and facilities become available. During the biennium, however, the most basic functions of the Division have been continued without interruption. These include, in particular, stream gaging. A total of 131 stations were in operation at the close of this report period. During the biennium, when the U. S. Geological Survey signified its desire to move its dis-trict office from AshevUle, temporary space was found in the offices of the Department for District Engineer E. D. Burchard and part of his force, the remainder being left in AshevUle. Following an agreement with the U. S. Geological Survey, there was set up jointly by this agency and the Division a laboratory at N. C. State College for a systematic study of the chemical quality of the surface waters of North CaroHna, with particular reference to their industrial use. The analyses made at the laboratory have already served an important purpose in the State's program to promote industrial develop-ment. 14 The acting Chief Engineer of the Division was named as the representative of the Department in conferences with representatives of other State agencies and the Tennessee Valley Authority for the purpose of considering means of appraising and studying stream sanitation and conservation problems. OIL LEASES In April 1944, a group of citizens of the State, mostly from Eastern North Caro-lina, approached the Department with regard to leasing lands in the Holly Shelter Area in Pender and Duplin County for exploration for oil. After conferences with the State Board of Education which held title to the area and with the Attorney General, the Board of Conservation and Development agreed • to lease certain areas. Both the Department and the State Board of Education entered into the lease agreement, since a reversionary clause in the deed from the latter Board provided that the lands could be used only for game conservation pur-poses. A standard form of lease which provides for a royalty of one-eighth in the event oil is found, was used. Any proceeds from the lease, under constitutional provision, will go to the public schools. Chapter 385, Public Laws of 1937, vested authority to lease mineral rights on submerged lands belonging to the State in the Department of Conservation and Development. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, in May 1944, approached the Department for a lease on various river and sound bottoms. After negotiations extending over several weeks, the Board authorized leasing certain submerged areas along the coast in the northeastern part of the State to this company. Subsequently, the Coastal Plains Company applied for a lease on other submerged areas, and it was granted. A considerable portion of the submerged lands in th? central coastal section was held open to await developments. Terms of the three leases are similar in most respects. In each case the lessors have committed themselves to a thorough exploration of oil possibilities and the drilling of wells. The return to the State, contingent upon the finding of oil, is similar in each lease. As a result of these explorations and drillings, it is thought that the likelihood of finding oil will be thoroughh^ tested. If results are negative, the question will be fairly positively settled and if fruitful, developments which mean much to the State will have been started. RECOMMENDATIONS Commercial Fisheries: Among the greatest undeveloped resources in the State are the commercial fisheries, and an enlarged program is needed for the realization of the full opportunities which this industry presents. The establishment of the oyster experiment and demonstration farm on North River in Carteret County is but the first move in this direction. One of the first steps in a forward-looking commercial fishery program should be the addition of a biologist to the staff of the fisheries commissioner. Such a scientist should be equipped to carry out studies leading to the solution of many of the prob-lems of supply of various types of commercial fish and shellfish and to supervise programs which might be worked out as a result of his research. An individual with these qualifications could serve with the fishermen in a capacity similar to a farm agent, advising on such matters as oyster culture. In this way he could help to bring into production many of the thousands of acres of suitable oyster bottoms and direct programs for the protection of other branches of the fisheries. Public oyster beds should from time to time be rehabilitated by the planting of 15 seed and shells. Such a program might be at least partly financed through a revision of the tax on oysters and probably a supplement from other funds. In general, it is reahzed that a program purely regulatory in nature is not sufficient for maintaining and developing the commercial fishery resources of the State. Forestry: The forests of North Carolina constitute an indispensable resource, both as a source of local products and for raw materials for industry. To allow a large percentage of the area of the State to become unproductive or only partly so would be a short-sighted policy and finally result in a shortage in one of our most important natural resources. In spite of outstanding progress in the forestry program of the State, several million acres of forest lands do not yet have organized protection from fire. It is recom-mended that further financial provisions be made to expand the forest fire protection program and to increase the effectiveness of these efforts. Legislation requiring the leaving of a certain number of seed trees in the cutting of timber and also some reasonable cutting regulations to prevent waste is needed. A bill to accomplish these purposes was offered in the General Assembly of 1943 but was lost in the closing days of this legislative body. Reconsideration in the incom-ing General Assembly, particularly in view of the unusually heavy war demands on the forests, is deserved. Terms of Board Members: As now constituted, the Board of Conservation and Development is subject to an entire change in membership each four years. Be-cause of the broad scope of operations covered by the Department and the responsi-bilities of the Board in adopting regulations and passing on other policies, at least part of the membership should consist of men who have become familiar with the subjects covered and the background of the many problems which constantly arise. The Board has recommei^ded, and the Director joins in this recommendation, that the law creating the Board be amended to provide for staggered terms expiring at intervals of two or four years so that a majority of the membership will always be held over. This can be accomplished by providing for different terms for the first group appointed by the Governor. Tryon's Palace Restoration: Through the liberality of Mrs. J. E. Latham, of Greens-boro, provisions have been made for the restoration of Tryon's Palace at New Bern, contingent upon the acquisition of the site. It is recommended that the General Assembly provide $150,000 for this purpose, thus making possible the project. This project has been described by well qualified persons as a "WilUamsburg" on a smaller scale. This project will not only be an outstanding advertising feature for the State but is a sound investment from the standpoint of bringing large revenues in the form of tourist dollars. Added receipts from gasoline taxes contributed bj' tourists who will be attracted to the restored palace will considerably more than amortize the investment which it is proposed that the State make. Stream Pollution: As North Carolina becomes more thoroughly industrialized and as population increases, the problems of waste disposal grow in gravity. It is essential to the welfare of the State that a program be inaugurated for the purpose of working out problems involved in the discharge of wastes in our streams. An approach has been made in this direction in the form of an agreement between various State agencies concerned and the TVA for the study of pollution. This program should be enlarged and equipped for a thorough study and to endeavor to obtain the cooperation of mimicipalities, industries, and all other agencies working on similar problems in other parts of the county. 16 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1942-1944 1943-44 I. Administration: Disbursements: Board Members, Attending Meetings. Director's Office: Salary, Director Salaries, Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph- Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs and Alterations General Expense Equipment Total: Less Receipts: Sale of Publications Game and Fish—Attending Meetings. Total Receipts. Appropriation. . $ 1,265.64 6,000.00 12,963.33 301.26 585.57 403.32 764.28 72.79 190.34 46.64 II Commerce and Industry and Advertising: Commerce and Industry: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph... Travel Expense Printing and Binding General Expense Equipment - Motor Vehicle Operation Motor Vehicle Exchange Repairs and Alterations Workmen's Compensation Total Commerce and Industry Advertising: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph... Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs andAlterations Direct Advertising General Expense. 1,514.59 6,000.00 14,092.24 239.29 698.40 187.55 223.85 94.67 140.95 32.50 412.94 22,811.10 8 12,584.17 8 12,875.19 151.53 152.69 3,195.04 2,498.09 8,350.35 6,493.69 304.94 183.06 321.35 347.05 38.14 43.29 404.66 845.93 947.36 1,131.24 20.35 —632.00 $ 25,685.89 $ 24,570.23 10,026.67 S 10,526.03 1,715.42 1,313.93 1,968.43 1,824.78 1,634.00 1,562.44 5,967.75 5.175.61 45.67 56.21 57,185.80 61,438.01 233.76 852.76 17 APPROPRIATIONS DIYISIONS—Continued 1942-43 1943-44 II. Commerce and Industry and Advertising—Continued: Advertising—Continued: Disbnrsemen ts—Continued: Equipment Kitty Hawk Celebration Motor Vehicle Exchange 567.85 446.12 1,131.24 Total Advertising. S 79,166.33 S 84,894.97 Total Commerce and Industrv and Ad'-'ertising_ Less Receipts: Sale of Publications 104,852.22 151.50 $ 109,465.20 172.44 Appropriation. S 104,700.72 S 109,292.76 III. Water Resources: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph Travel Expense. _-_ Printing and Binding. __ Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey-Chemical- General Expense Equipment 7,749.40 357.93 103.50 1,094.73 21.47 379.53 1,321.29 7,500.00 16.50 111.67 6,041.00 194.05 69.53 464.99 20.51 334.56 52.40 10,000.00 4,000.00 25.50 —129.35 Total Less Receipts: Private Cooperation. Appropriation -S 18,656.02 956.25 ? 21,073.19 862.50 IV. Mineral Resourc.ts: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph Travel Expense. _ Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Equipment Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey—Ground Water Study... Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey—Study of Minerals Survey of Mineral Resources Survey of Mineral Resources—Transferred to Succeeding Year. Motor Vehicle Exchange S- 17,699.77 7,117.82 196.80 158.41 723.21 401.52 435.94 21.20 52.90 1.75 3, 000. CO 3,025.09 2O,OCO.00 5,000.00 946.33 $ 20,210.69 10,627.51 267.60 2C2.46 772. C9 16.64 727.82 5.60 153.33 43.50 3, 000. CO 3,000.00 12,500.00 Total Less Receipts: Transferred from Preceding Year—Survey. Appropriation 41,080.97 5 31,316.55 5,000.00 $ 41,080.97 -S 26,316.55 18 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Con^mued Forest Fire Prevention: Disbursements: Administration: Salaries and Wages. ,_ Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation ,. Repairs and Alterations Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange Workmen's Compensation Employees' War Bonus Total. Cooperative Projects: Salaries—Wardens and Rangers.. Wages—Towermen and Firemen. Expenses—Fire Wardens . Fire Control Equipment Repairs and Alterations Lookout Towers Telephone Lines.. — Buildings Roads and Fire Lines Fire Suppression — Employees' War Bonus Total. District No. l^Asheville: , Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Employees' War Bonus Total. District No. 2—Lenoir: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Rents Total. 9,627.50 102.12 593.4.5 540.70 215.55 576.77 46.24 42.44 2,792.45 442.99 413.18 $ 15,393.39 77,264.69 34,911.95 4,341,94 8,272.34 7,016.85 335.56 1.544.52 1,497.22 1,473.09 8,242.63 5,336.97 1943-44 11,729.48 216.32 700.41 795.74 621.65 637.92 75.60 780.97 3,964.96 506.74 1,052.00 S 150,237.76 4,788.08 145.88 274.36 963.42 120.00 288. CO S 6,579.74 5,045.00 136.75 300.94 1,073.00 282.00 23.50 $ 6,861.19 21,081.79 83,300.54 43,205.63 6,449.80 18,171.99 8,717.73 5,920.56 1,678.66 2,016.10 1,673.37 10,169.73 11,298.88 $ 192,602.99 5,010.00 163.83 228.40 944.74 120.00 676.00 7,042.97 5,115.00 178.54 355.37 1,099.09 570.00 % 7,318. oe 19 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued Forest Fire Prevention—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: District No. 3—Rockingham: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Total. District No. 4—New Bern: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Employees' War Bonus _• Total. District No. 5—Rochy Mount: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Employees' War Bonus Total. . District No. 6—Fayetteville: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Employees' War Bonus Total. District No. 7—Elizabeth City: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone and Telegraph . Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Employees' War Bonus Total. Total Disbursements Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation County Cooperation Private Cooperation War Department Payment— Sandhills Area. 3,175.33 155.36 229.03 566.44 231.60 S 4,358.76 4,160.17 155.83 248.95 699.68 4.50 261.00 S 5,530.13 4,548.17 261.50 293.38 725.93 18.00 288.00 Total Receipts Appbopbiation Forest Fibb Pbetention. 4,443,60 153.38 333.43 745.82 525.68 $ 6,134.£ 6,813.00 230.61 762.53 1,120.00 12.00 384.00 9,322.14 204,418.09 77,150.75 61.752.64 9,677.59 6,201.91 4,768.30 141.93 342.23 715.66 3.94 557.00 S 6,529.06 3,675.00 215.21 332.53 763.12 19.45 459.00 $ 5,464.31 6,775.00 196.55- 711.32 618.07 12.00 733.00 % 9,045.94 3,103.96 121.54 204.90 408.33 283.00 362.62 S 4,484.35 $ 259,771.32 S 95,577.00 71,075.48 11,388.64 6,404.99 5 148,580.98 S 184,446.11 75,325.21 20 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Confenwed 1942-43 1943-44 V-A. Forest Fire Prevention: Supplemental Budget: Critical Defense Areas: Special Emergency Fire Control: Administration: Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation.... Total. Cooj'emtive Projects: Wages—Towermen and Firemen. Expenses—Fire Wardens... Fire Control Equipment Equipment—Repairs Total. Elizabeth City Office: Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Total. Total Speclal Emergency. Emergency Fire Control: Administration: Salaries—Staff Supplies and Materials. .- Travel Expense _. Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation. Equipment Employees' War Bonus.. Motor Vehicle Exchange. 1,080.00 50.12 357.43 187.75 309.78 91.65 108.00 1,C37.40 Total. Cooperative Projects: Wages—Towermen and Firemen. Expenses— Fire Wardens Fire Control Equipment Equipment Repairs Lookout Towers Buildings i-- Roads and Fire Lines Fire Suppression $ 3,222.13 43,725.37 1,164.98 10,334.15 3,971.44 64.73 211.81 Total. Elizabeth City and New Bern Offices: Salaries—Staff Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Motor Vehicle Operation Rents $ 59,472.46 2,489.97 124.09 598.81 160.00 40.00' 167.22 25.21 232.43 545.00 215.00 17,952.60 23.50 18,736.10 9.60 29.64 50.62 19,058.39 2; 556. 73 142.15 563.12 128.94 376.74 23.10 216.00 S 4,006.78 56,184.49 1,429.98 3,368.43 3,777.60 3,714.46 59.28 7.75 542.96 69,084.95 223.35 383.25 400.00. 21 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Confanwed 1942-43 1943-44 V-A. Forest Fire Pre\'ention—Continued: Special Emergency Fire Control — Continued: Elizabeth City and New Bern Offices—Continued: Lights Travel Expense. ._ Employees' War Bonus 9.30 262.96 186.00 Total Total EMBRQENcrr Fire Control. 3,811.83 66.506.42 $ 1,015.90 74,107.63 ToTAi Critical Defense Areas Aircraft Warning Service: Administration: Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expease Motor Vehicle Operation $ 66,506.42 2.00 32.82 19.66 83.80 Total. Field Projects: Wages—A. W. Service Expenses—Fire Wardens and Observers. Equipment Equipment—Repairs Total Total Aircrapt Wabninq Service. Cooperative Projects: Wages—Operator and Helper Expenses—Operator and Helper. Equipment—Purchase Equipment—Repairs Motor Vehicle Operation Total Total Disbursements—Supplement Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation—Special Emergency Federal Cooperation—Emergency Fire Control. Federal Cooperation Aircraft Warning Service.. Private Cooperation—Fire Lanes $ 93,166.02 15.00 69.43 138.28 $ 6,591.77 639.22 31.99 100.62 7,363.60 7,501.88 S 74,008.30 Total Receipts _ Appropriation Forest Fire Supplement. VI. General Forestry: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding General Expense. Equipment Total from Appropriation ._ S 62,806.42 7,501.88 -S 70,308.30 3,700.00 84.43 2,519.78 142.33 27.42 2,689.53 2,773.96 204.00 11.05 2.00 96.01 51.20 364.26 96,304.24 22,758.39 74,107.63 2,773.96 509.10 100,149.08 —3,844.84 ? 5,033.00 S 5,101.37 59.72 29.02 121.73 159.57 99.64 133.42 16.27 846.47 20.00 41.20 2.25 17.00 s 5,352.61 s 6,328.05 22 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Confonwed VII. State Forests and Parks: DisbuTsemenis: Salaries and Wages Labor Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations General Expense Insurance and Bonding Equipment Purchase of land Purchase of Land—Transferred to Succeeding Year. Motor Vehicle Exchange Construction Roads and Trails Buildings and Other Structures Water Sewer Systems - Stores for Resale Construction of Cabins, Morrow Mountain Park Total ._ Less Receipts: Permits State Lakes Park Concessions Bladen Lakes State Forest -- Transferred from Preceding Year (Land) War Department Payment—Sandhills Area. Total Receipts Approprution. VIII. Forest Management and Planting: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Labor . -. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense _ Printing and Binding.- Motor Vehicle Operation.. _ Lights and Power. Repairs and Alterations General Expense .. Insurance and Bonding Equipment 461.26 289.95 169.53 274.69 487.61 83.66 020.31 305.00 087.24 490.59 499 .«7 870.05 ,428.00 450.00 299.95 610.59 57.56 ,205.48 258.65 36,349.99 325.11 4,179.39 $ 4,504.50 ? 31,845.49 ,610.00 ,239.47 ,213.39 665.74 666.99 96.37 ,981.35 275.50 98.16 50.32 42.00 ,507.03 23 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Con it « wed V'lII. Forest Management and Planting—Contvmed: Disbitrstmenls—Continued: Marketing Timber—Bladen Lakes Additions—Mt . Nursery Additions Mountain Nursery—Transferred to Succeeding Year. Employees' War Bonus Total.. _._ _ Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation Sale of Seedlings Bladen Lakes—Land Use Area Transferred from Preceding Year (Land) _ Total Receipts. Appropriation.. IX. MlSCELLANEOrS ACCOUNTS: DiihuTsemenh: Employees' War Bonus Forest Fire, Critical Defense Areas and Management. Total Less Receipts: Receipts—Bladen County Land. Appropriation. Total Disbcrsements. Less Total Receipts. . Total Disbi;rsements feom Appropriation. % 10,477.78 S 13,902.81 2,207.50 1,025.00 474.00 $ 36,423.10 1,965.00 2,542.35 19,791.30 $ 24,298.65 % 12,124.45 2,793.06 8,252.75 1943-44 1,029.74 $ 42,740.66 1,800.00 828.58 32,763.11 1,025.00 $ 36,416.69 6,323.97 $ 6,068.74 17,379.92 $ 546,527.53 249,236.83 $ 297,290.70 6,068.74 5,882.50 186.24 $ 633,056.94 345,011.74 $ 288,045.20 24 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1942-1944 1942-43 Inland Fisheries: Disbursements: Administration: Salary— Supervisor Salaries—Staff Salaries—Wardens Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation General Expense Rents Legal Notices Insurance and Bonding Equipment Total. Morrison Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Buildings and Improvements Total. Murphy Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Buildings and Improvements Total. Stedman Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation... 3,000.00 2.012.00 30,000.00 160.82 119.88 942.35 855.80 409. 8C 65.00 5.00 300. CO 88.55 s 37,959.20 $ 32,906.62 s 3,229.75 S 3,245.75 3,843.98 2,849.91 60.30 72.46 38.40 26.25 259.44 490.99 79.24 94.27 2.32 411.00 71.71 50.11 150.26 189.79 7,735.40 2,363.26 2,424.40 71.26 44.60 731.44 27.35 494.30 87.24 955.94 7,199.79 2,394.65 817.47 107.66 16.90 675.79 25 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Conimwed Inland Fisheries—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Stedman HatcheTy—Continued: Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Hatchery Equipment-.- Buildings and Improvements. Total. Roaring Gap Hatchery: Salaries and Wages.,- Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Buildings and Improvements Total. Boone Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment-.- Total. Harmon Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph- Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment TOTAL-Lake Mattamuskeet: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph- Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Rents-- 1942-43 TOTAL- 830.45 184.05 2.34 5,029.31 2,463.60 2,483.80 50.21 25.00 412.92 146.35 131.00 16.45 75.19 $ 5,804.52 S 2,411.14 $ 3,150.00 30.05 93.72 380.26 41.05 120.00 $ 3,815.08 589.97 413.44 —175.79 60.99 S 5,880.55 2,048.00 2,058.33 59.09 6.00 250.59 107.36 230.63 13.29 200.00 S 4,973.29 « 858. OC S 65.00 1,264.26 200.19 3.24 3.00 132.80 28.92 114.95 10.57 22.15 8.00 15.74 315.68 1,829.40 1,349.10 36.73 20.67 316.01 65.82 866.76 24.64 $ 4,509.13 $ 3,300.00 2.40 75.98 185.03 40.50 120.00 $ 3,723.91 26 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued Inland Fisheries—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Miscellaneous Accounts: Contribution Retirement System. Employees' War Bonus Game: Total. Total Disbursements Less Receipts Sale of Angler's Licenses Transferred from Preceding Year. Miscellaneous Receipts Total Receipts. Credit Balance Forward. Disbursements: Administration and Enforcements: Salary—Commissioner Salary and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation. Repairs and Alterations General Expense Legal Costs Subscriptions and Dues Insurance and Bonding Equipment Total. Game Farms and Refuges: Game Farm—Fayetteville: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Motor Vehicle Operation. i Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Travel Expense ' 1,554.30 3,185.66 4.739.96 $ 7.C21.78 $ 74,694.40 *72. 632.34 30,8C6.32 1.038.46 $ 73,523.71 S 104,477.12 ? 29,782.72 4,800. 129,240. 330. 2,531, 15,456 2.379 1,893 65 499 92 59 1,634 -744 $ 110,736.91 $ 168.238.07 S 159,962.47 2.015.27 912.69 29.50 360.68 354.54 4.25 Total. Game Farm—Pine Forest: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials _ Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Total 11.80 3,688.73 ,367.61 697.68 35.37 2-. 17 239.07 144.25 9.18 ,495.33 * Deposits during fiscal year. 27 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Con^mued 1943-44 Game—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Game Farms and Refuges—Continued: Mount Mitchell Headquarters Project: Supplies and Materials Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Total. Western Refuges: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Total. Deer Survey and Educational Program: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expenses Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation. Total. Holly Shelter and Angola Project: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expenses Motor Vehicle Operation Rental of Dogs Addisions and Betterments Total. Pittman-Robertson Projects: Coordinating Projects: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Equipment 636.09 39.80 10.00 -75.00 358.93 57.40 341.99 610.89 20,908.75 69.54 232.25 303.10 20.09 1,146.52 12. OC S 22,692.25 2,712.75 90.61 335.57 287.05 836.61 439.02 4,701.61 4,690.00 55.38 52.53 271.85 373.97 222.00 5.00 Total. 1$ 5,670.73 758.32 22,717.44 77.31 290.01 480.87 56.79 1,688.86 S 25,311.28 2,407.00 134.65 310.27 345.74 652.49 359.44 S 4,209.59 1,504.60 68.22 35.92 5.90 714.22 345.00 280.00 $ 2,953.86 4,644.11 46.50 22.57 337.05 345.19 434.32 $ 5,829.74 28 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Conhnwed 1942-43 Game—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Pittman-Robertson Projects—Continued: Development of Farm Game Demonstration Units: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials ...-- Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph Travel Expenses Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Total. Research in Farm Game Management: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials . Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expenses Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Employees' War Bonus $ 3,991,39 $ 2,472.26 811.59 174.74 39.96 22.53 142.65 105.91 413.36 347.31 192.00 192.00 s 5,590.95 $ 3,314.75 $ 2,487.83 55.68 6.30 214.93 351.24 18.98 40.65 $ 322.07 Total- S 3,175.61 SCS District—Cooperative Farm Game Project: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph Travel Expenses Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Total. Fur Resources Investigation: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Employees' War Bonus Total. Water Impoundment Program: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Total. 2,308.80 37.46 12.50 38.23 208.43 65.00 60.80 2,731.22 2.363.90 185.56 S.Ol 1,157.10 9.0C S 3,723.57 29 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Cowfonued 1942-43 1943-44 Game—Continued: Diibursemenis—Continued: Piitman-Rubertson Projects—Continued: Holly Shelter Refuge Deielopment: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph... Travel Expense. Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus 4,937.70 290.07 65. C9 9.69 1,(67.86 170.00 Total. S 6,540.41 Study of Deer Management at Holly Shelter: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph Additions and Betterments Total. Goose Creek Land Purchase: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials... Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation. Employees' War Bonus. . Total. Surrey of Ungranied Land: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Matsrials... Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation. Employees' War Bonus.. Total. Uwharrie Deer Restoration: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Employees' War Bonus Total. 17.60 1.55 645.59 664.74 882.00 38.45 85.35 66.56 36.00 S 1,107.36 380.00 10.75 68.65 84.81 36.00 580.21 300.00 2.45 30.00 332.45 Total Pittman-Robeetson Projects. Sandhills Refuge—Hoffman: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials... Motor Vehicle Operation. Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations.. Total. S 27,432.49 3,684.15 19.40 356.09 727.91 92.70 $ 4,880.25 S 12,821.03 30 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued Game— Contir.-ued: Disbursements— Continued: Holly Shelter Refuge: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials. Equipment Total. Miscellaneous Accounts: Motor Boats Operation _ Workmen's Compensation Contribution Retirement System. Employees' War Bonus (Pittman-Robertson Projects) . . Lights and Power—Sandhills Total. Total Disbursements . . . Less Receipts: Sale of Hunting Licenses Transferred from Preceding Year Cooperation Federal Government Receipts—Holly Shelter Receipts—Sandhills Refuge Miscellaneous Receipts Rental Pittman-Robertson Equipment. Sale Pittman-Robertson Equipment Total Receipts. Credit Balance Forward. Total Disbursements. Less Total Receipts.. Total Credit Balance Forward. 1942-43 49C.40 » 26.10 51.95 568.45 815.82 607.12 5,051.35 10,438.13 685.45 $ 16,912.42 $ 244,220.49 $ *246,591.3C 60,827.14 23,180.26 1,314.79 4,910.58 900.00 1,310.00 ? 339,034.07 $ 94,813.58 318,914.89 443,511.19 $ 124,596.30 1943-44 $ 658.50 53.55 4,978.89 21,117.09 764.32 312.18 ? 27,120.21 $ 237,413.84 i n90,222-.75 94,813.58 10,289.14 944.48 26,728.66 760.00 $ 323,748.61 $ 86,334.77 $ 310,937.55 i 434,485.52 $ 123,547.97 • Deposits during Fiscal Year. DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Capt. John A. Nelson, Commissioner N. R. Webb, Principal 'Account-Clerk Mary E. Willis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk N. McKeithen Caldwell, District Sanitarian D. M. Davis, Assistant Commissioner Thos. a. Basnight, Assistant Commissioner INTRODUCTION The State of North Carolina takes seriously its obligation to its citizens to pro-tect its natural resources. To this end an agency was established some years ago that would have supervision over the activities of the commercial fisheries and pass rules and regulations which, with the acts of the Legislature, purposed to safeguard this great industry against waste and depletion. The Division of Commerical Fish-eries, Department of Conservation and Development, has always sought the coop-eration of the fishermen and operators in this conservation program that future gen-erations may participate in its blessings. Wise supervision seeks only to pass on to others the real and potential wealth under its control. This has been and will con-tinue to be the primary aim of this Division. FOOD FISH The quantity' of edible fish produced this period exceeds that of the previous pe-riod by more than 15 per cent. This has been done in spite of the many handicaps under which the activities of this industry had to work. The Government has set out certain bounds which have restricted the privilege enjoyed by the fishermen heretofore, and it has deprived them of many of their choicest fishing grounds. This, of course, was recognized to be a necessity and, therefore, the fishermen made the best of it they could. This Department and the fishermen have tried to cooperate with the Government because they knew the conditions imposed were compelled by the exigencies of war. Also, the industry has been crippled no little by the fact that many of the fishermen, as well as their boats, were in the Government service. However, in spite of these handicaps, 91,475,000 pounds of food fish were marketed at a price of $6,434,800 during this period as against a catch last biennium of 86,182,- 000 pounds which brought $3,405,000. All in all, the result of this phase of the in-dustry has been most gratifjang. SHRIMP The thing that will surprise the casual reader most about this activity is the great increase in the price of produce over that of other years. This in not only the case with the shrimp but with every product of the industry. It is not so much the in-crease in production of shrimp that surprises as it is the price that the shrimp brought the fishermen. During this report period, 5,960,000 pounds of shrimp were mar-keted at the price of $590,000 as against a production of 4,147,158 pounds in the previous period which brough $174,180. So it is seen that the percentage of increase of the price of shrimp over the production was more than double. As in practically all activities, fewer men were engaged in shrimping this period than previously. 31 32 MENHADEN Menhaden fishing was affected more by the war situation than any other com-mercial fishing activity. Boats were not allowed to fish at all between Hatteras and the Virginia line where for the past several years between $4,000 and $5,000 has been collected annually from non-resident boats permitted to fish there under the law. Certain sections between Hatteras and Cape Lookout were prohibited to menhaden fishing which has further crippled this activity. As a result of the several restrictions imposed upon menhaden fishermen because of the war conditions, about 25 per cent fewer fish were caught this period than during the previous period but the prices for the fish and their by-products were better than formerly. For this reason the industry was not as greatly affected by the restrictions as it would have been otherwise. The State produced this period 369,490,000 menhaden valued at $2,746,000, and marketed 669,000 gallons of oil and 25,863 tons of scrap. The pre-vious biennium 466,788,000 menhaden, valued at $2,333,940, were caught and 2,675,000 gallons of oil and 32,690 tons of scrap were manufactured. The nine menhaden plants in the State, eight of which are in Carteret County and one in Brunswick, represent an investment of some $1,480,000, the boats $1,500,000 and nets $150,000. OYSTERS The production of oysters from pubhc grounds was greater the last year of this-period than for any other year in the history of this Department, except for the season 1929-30. If the production the first year had been as great the second year the pro-duction for this biennium would have made that of the previous biennium look small by comparison. As it was, there were produced last year 752,268 bushels of oysters which sold for $752,268. These oysters sold at an average of $1.00 per bushel. This is indeed an unusual price for oysters; in fact, they probably have never before brough this price for two seasons in succession. There has been a greater interest shown during the last two years in the cultivation of oysters than for any hke period we have known. Larger quantities of fine quahty oysters have been marketed at prices ranging up to $2.00 per bushel, and at no time has the supply exceeded the demand. CLAMS Probably the biggest surprise of the biennium has been the falling off in the pro-duction of clams. The production has not been Hmited because of the scarcity of clams but lack of demand. The largest canning company in America discontinued buying clams in this State about two years ago because of the opening up of a new supply of clams from the New Jersey coast. The difference in price and expense of getting clams to their plant was the controlling factors in changing their market; and too, one cannery plant in this State that bought large quantities of clams during the last biennium saw fit to cancel its contract with the Government and has canned only enough clams to supply its domestic trade. Mainly because of these two rea-sons, the production of clams fell off 62 per cent. The State produced 75,431 bushels of clams this biennium as against 196,636 bushels for the previous period. ESCALLOPS This activity has been for all practical purposes destroyed because of the killing out of eel grass a number of years ago. This grass shows very few encouraging signs of returning, but until it does we cannot hope for this activity to come into its own 33 as it flourished some 15 years or more ago. Total production of escallops for this biennium was only 2,000 gallons which sold for $4,000. In this connection, however close or remote the relation to eel grass may be, a quantity of Gracilaria Confervoides, a variety of alga or seaweed has been gathered and sold this biennium by the water-men at 25c per pound dry. Upward of 20 commercial uses so far have been found for this seaweed and it is hoped that the laboratory tests or experiments it will be proved of real commercial value and thus a new activity be provided for our water-men. CRABS There has been a marked decrease in the production of soft crabs during this pe-riod but an increase of ten per cent in the production -of hard crabs. The activity of the hard crab is much more important to the crabbers than that of the soft crab because it affects so many counties and so many more people are employed. Only 76,420 dozen soft crabs were marketed this period as against 115,842 dozen the pre-vious period, and 10,000,000 pounds of hard crabs were produced this period at a value of $400,000 compared with 9,000,000 pounds produced in the previous period. REPORT OF DISTRICT SANITARIAN Captain John A. Nelson, Fisheries Commissioner Morehead City, N. C. Dear Captain Nelson: I have the pleasure of submitting to you a brief summary of the activities of the office of Shellfish Sanitation for the biennium ending June 30, 1944. Though the manpower shortage has depleted the ranks of shellfish workers, annual "Certificates of Inspections" have been awarded to an average of 80 shellstock deal-ers, 35 shucking plants and 14 crab meat plants. In spite of a definite shortage of labor and materials, many plants have been remodeled and improved. . A number of new oyster shucking plants are now under construction. Shellfish plant operators have begun to recognize good sanitation as a direct indicator of the degree of success of their businesses. All shellfish houses that have made complete efforts to comply with the adopted State and Federal sanitary regulations are well pleased with the results. North Carolina shellfish plants have taken their places among the leaders in the United States. While the majority of shellfish plants are of small size, some of this State's crab meat plants and clam houses are among the largest on the Atlantic seaboard. Every North Carohna oyster shucking plant was inspected and graded monthly according to the adopted system of scoring. Every clam and oyster shellstock plant was inspected at least bi-monthly. Through sanitary inspection and frequent lab-oratory control work, the shellfish industry has been able to meet the requirements at all times, as set forth by the U. S. PubUc Health Service for inter-State shipping. The production of crab meat has become a leading shellfish activity during the summer months. An average of 14 crab meat plants have been approved during the past biennium. Some of these plants pack more than a thousand pounds of crab meat per day. Monthly sanitary inspections and constant supervision of each plant together with bacteriological examinations of packed crab meat in cooperation with the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, have resulted in complete endorse-ment of North Carolina crab meat for inter-State commerce. Not one shipment has been comdemned. 3 34 Due to the great increase in Armed Forces and civilian populations along the coast-al areas and the accompanying increase in possibility of pollution of shellfish growing waters, a complete sanitary and bacteriological survey was begun May 15, 1944 with the assistance of the Division of Commercial Fisheries of the Department of Con-servation and Development, and the U. S. Public Health Service. Any shellfish growing areas found to be dangerously polluted must be restricted. Constant patrol of the restricted areas adjacent to Morehead City and Beaufort have been main-tained; several individuals have been apprehended and prosecuted for taking shell-fish from the polluted areas. In behalf of the N. C. State Board of Health, I take this opportunity to pay tribute for the wholehearted cooperation and assistance you and the members of your staff have extended me and my co-workers in the performance of our duties. Respectfully submitted, N. McKeithen Caldwell, District Sanitarian, N. C. State Board of Health DIAMOND-BACK TERRAPIN For a number of years there has been no market for diamond-back terrapin, a fact that is hard to understand because the meat is just as good as it ever was. There are more of these shellfish in our waters today than there ever were before, largely because the Government has liberated thousands of young terrapin in our waters yearly. The U. S. Laboratory at Fivers Island, released 7,500 young terrapin in the State during the biennium. PATROL BOATS The Coast Guard still has the John A. Nelson in its service, but the Hatteras has been turned back, and is in service after extensive reconditioning. We are operating with the Albemarle stationed at Edenton, Croatan at Morehead City in place of the John A. Nelson, Ocracoke at Belhaven, Neuse at New Bern, Pungo and Atlantic at Morehead City patrolling the waters of Bogue, Core Sounds and Newport River. 35 KIND, QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH TAKEN IN WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA For the Period July I, 1942 to June 30, 1944 Kind of Fish Spotted Trout. Gray Trout Sea Mullet Blue Fish Mullet Croakers Spots Mackerel Shad He.ring Butters Carp..- Rock or Striped Bass_ Flounders Puppy Drum White Perch Cats Eels Jack Pike Pompano Channel Bass Sheephead Total Food Fish. Shrimp Menhaden (No. Fish). Total Value Fin Fish. No. Pounds 8,872,350 Shellfish Oysters Clams. Soft Shell Crabs Escallops Hard Crabs lO.OCO.OCO ipounds) Diamond-Back Terrapin 3,0C0 (pounds) 752,268 (bushels) S 75,431 (bushels) 76,420 (dozen) 2,000 (gallons) 762,268.00 150,862.00 114,630.00 4,000.00 400,000.00 600.00 Total Value Shellfish $ 1,422,360.00 Totals Value of Fin Fish S 8,872,350.00 Value of Shellfish 1,422,360.00 Total Value Water Products $10,294,710.00 36 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT For Biennium 1942-1943—1943-1944 1942-43 1943-44 Administration and Inspection: Commissioner's Salary Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph- Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Office Rent Insurance and Bonding Equipment Other Sources Attorney's Fees Total. Operation Patrol Boats: Salaries and Wages Supplies Gas and Oils Repairs Equipment Subsistenre i— Docks and Warehouses Marking Fishing Limits Fire Insurance—Patrol Boats. Purchase of Boat Total. Shellfish Sanitation: Supplies and Materiajs. Equipment Total. Otster Demonstration Farm: Salaries and Wages Supplies Insurance and Bonding Subsistence 4,200.00 13,932.90 189.75 411. CI 670.23 197.92 2,759.30 1, COO. 00 88.55 17.47 4,200.00 13,941.65 95.17 349.90 576.95 499.46 2,318.85 1,000.00 80.00 50.00 500.00 s 23,467.13 S 23.611.98 $ 5,635.28 s 7,577.50 2,734.69 2,999.95 1,593.21 1,499.35 4,632.77 1,797.07 450.00 1,056.67 1,203.60 260.36 499.97 297.90 351.20 97.55 90.00 1,800.00 s 18,558.43 s 16,018.64 $ 99.71 62.00 s 105.71 Total- 106.71 1,200.00 277.79 13.50 240.00 1,731.29 37 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS—Confmued 1942-1943 1943-1944 S 1,517.59 5 2,763.00 Transfer to 1944-45 588.00 Total ExPE^^)IT^RES ... s 43,704.86 26,361.23 5 44,818.62 Less Receipts 26,537.54 Appropriation " . ... s -5 17,343.63 5,378.40 4,152.24 102.00 2,03C.80 2,578.64 9,276.25 238.25 2,604.65 .$ 18,281.08 Receipts: Food Fish Licenses and Taxes . . ..... ....... 5 6,767.02 Oyster Licenses and Taxes .. . . 8,332.38 Escallop Licenses and Taxes ... . ... Clam Licenses and Taxes ._ . . . 1,061.45 Crab Licenses and Taxes ... . . 1,878.71 Menhaden Licenses .. . .... ... 5,865.00 Power Boat Licenses ... .. 272.50 Other Sources _. . .. 2,360.48 S 26,361.23 ; 26,537.54 DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY The turn-over in personnel in the Division of Commerce and Industry during the biennium covered by this report has been greater than for any similar period. The technical force at the close of the biennium is entirely different from that at the beginning. Cecil E. Bell, who was made acting chief industrial engineer following his recovery from an accident early in 1942, resigned on March 15, 1943, to accept employment in private industry. Robert W. Redwine, employed on a temporary part-time basis in August 1942, went back on a full-time basis with Eastman, Scott and Company, advertising agen-cy, in August 1944. Philip Schwartz began service with the Division in Spetember 1943 as Industrial Analyst. This position had been open for some time because it had not been possible to find a person for the place. In November 1942, Paul Kelly, Assistant Director of the Department, was put in charge of the Division, as industrial engineer, and has been serving in this capacity since that time. J. E. Coad, Secretary of the Special Committee on War Industrial Coordination, has worked with the Department since the organization of this group in May 1942. The worR of this committee has been closely allied with that of the Division, and its activities have been financed from appropriations made to the Division. At no time during the biennium has the Division had more than half of the force provided for in the budget. The inavailability of men equipped by education and training has been the prevailing reason why vacancies in the staff have not been filled. This factor, has, of course, limited severely the program of the Division. Broadly, the activities of the Division have been carried forward during the bi-ennium under three headings, as follows: (1) General industrial and commercial promotion (2) Mineral promotion and (3) War contracts. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROMOTION Under war conditions, the work of this Division has passed through various phases. Immediately after the outbreak of hostilities and before that time under lend-lease, the major emphasis was on the conversion of existing industries to war production and also on the expansion of facilities for all-out production. Conversion, under the guidance and with the assistance of various Federal agen-cies with the active cooperation of Gov. J. M. Broughton, the State Committee on War Industrial Coordination, the Division of Commerce and Industry, and various other agencies, went along rapidly. At least partly because there were few of the heavier industries in North Carohna and therefore a limited background in this type of industry, with a few notable ex-ceptions, relatively few strictly war industries have been located in the State. The Division consistently, through advertisements, personal contacts in Washing-ton, and other means called attention to the facilities in the State for increased war production in the form of additional plants. The Division was partly instrumental in helping to bring some plants to North Carolina which otherwise might have gone elsewhere. In a large number of cases, if not in a majority, new war plants were built around existing plants as a nucleuses. With few of the heavier industries operat- 38 39 ing in the State, there were only a limited number of units which could be expanded. Further, the State had few industriahsts and only a limited amount of labor with the manufacturing background in the heavy industries, and it was necessary to bring much of the technical force from other States as well as to train labor in new lines. The Division, during the period when most of the new plants for war production were being estabhshed, devoted most of its efforts toward helping to find locations for war plants. There efforts, in conjunction with other agencies, did result in the establishment of some new plants in North Carolina. In almost every case these plants were branches of other plants which found it necessary to expand operation in order to fill war contracts. With building materials critically short and labor vitally needed for production, the location of new manufacturing facilities has depended, in North Carolina, largely upon the availability of industrial buildings and local labor. Even before the out-break of war, the Division maintained a file of manufacturing space but when de-mands for buildings increased, efforts to find manufacturing space were redoubled. The Division has maintained constant contacts with communities throughout the State to keep industrial building data current. The establishment of several indus-tries during this period grew directly out of calling existing buildings to the attention of industrialists and following up these leads. During the latter part of the biennium, the thoughts of industrialists were turning more specifically toward reconversion and postwar planning. A number of firms, having completed or about to complete war contracts, are faced with immediate reconversion problems. Many of the large companies have assigned personnel to postwar plans and are giving careful study to these questions. Plant Locations: During the period covered by this report, the Division has helped a number of manufacturers to find locations for permanent operations. In every case, the Division has worked with Chambers of Commerce or similar local organi-zations. Some of these plants, having found required buildings are now in operation while others are waiting until building materials and labor are vailable. Although specific information is not available in all cases, the construction costs of plants for industries which have decided to come into the State may conservatively be esti-mated at between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000. On the basis of preliminary information, these new and proposed plants will fur-nish permanent employment to some 3,000 workers. In addition to those companies which have definitely announced plans for postwar operations in North Carolina and which have become established during this report period, several others are actively considering locations in the State. In most of these cases representatives of the cqmpanies visited the State for a personal survey of general conditions and specific sites. Some of the companies have indicated their preference for North Carolina and have optioned sites or have given more or less definite indications that they will be-come established in the State. Successful culmination of negotiations with the executives of these firms would result in the investment of several million dollars in new buildings and the employment of around 2,500 additional workers. It is expected that probably a majority of the war plants that have been located in North Carolina will continue some permanent operation in the State. Some of them are manufacturing materials which will have wide civilian use. Others are giving definite consideration to new lines to be followed after the termination of their present contracts. The Division and other agencies, including the State Plan-ning Board and local groups, are assisting in studies looking toward conversion to 40 permanent operations. In cases where the operating firms do not continue use of the buildings, these facilities are expected to be available for other companies. These buildings, in a majority of instances, were not in use before the war, and have been improved and put into condition for occupancy. These improvements will make them more suitable for postwar occupancy than before, and the problem of finding an industry to make use of the facilities will be greatly simplified. MINERAL PROMOTION North Carolina has long been widely known for its wide variety of minerals, but only a limited number of these have been produced com.mercially. War increased many fold the demand for most types of mineral products. Seizure by the enemy early in the war of the sources of some of the more important minerals and the short-age of shipping facilities brought about greatly accelerated mineral prospecting and investigations. The Division of Commerce and Industry, cooperating with the Division of Mineral Resources, carried out an active mineral development program to help supply badly needed materials of war and to develop the resources of the State. Governor Broughton authorized H. A. Brassert and Company of New York to make a study of the coal, iron, and olivine with the objective of bringing about their development. From this survey and from other projects which followed has devel-oped considerable information which, it is believed, will lead to the commercial pro-duction of additional minerals in the State. Iron: A great deal of time was devoted to the iron resources of the State with the particular objective of helping to find a source of ores to relieve the threatened serious shortage which developed early in the war. This project was pursued vigorously following the preliminary Brassert report which is credited with bringing about wide-scale drilUng and other exploratory work. These explorations indicate, as far as they have gone, that North Carolina has substantial and important deposits of iron ore. Laboratory work now being done is expected to show that these iron ores may constitute an important source for future use. Coal: Considerable attention has likewise been given to the Deep River Coal field. Surveys and exploratory work have proved that North Carolina has in the Deep River area coal reserves running into the millions of tons. This coal. North Carolina's only known large source of mineral fuel, is of high volatile content. Broad scale development of the field will be of tremendous ad-vantage to the industrial and economic future of the State by furnishing a convenient source of by-products and other industrial uses.- As a result of the Department's advertising program and activities of this Divi-sion, contacts have been made and negotiations opened between the owners and prospective developers of the coal field. Mica: Representatives of the Division worked with the industry, officials of other mica producing states, the Division of Mineral Resources, and various Federal agen-cies, including the Truman Committee, toward increasing the output of mica which at one period was classed as the most critical war material. The price of domestic mica was approximately doubled. Several out-of-state mica producers were interested in North Carolina and one of these is said to have become the largest single producer in the State. Some 70 per cent of the domestic output comes from North Carolina. 41 Magnesium: For several years this Division has worked toward the development of the State's extensive olivine deposits, a source material for magnesium. Two pilot plants utilizing North Carolina olivine as raw material for magnesium are now in operation. One of these plants, at Muscle Shoals, was set up by the Tennessee Valley Authority, with which the Department has worked for several years. The other plant is under the direction of Dr. Fritz Hansgirg, at Black Moun-tain College. The Division assisted Dr. Hansgirg in getting this plant set up. Some of the country's largest metallurgical industries are advertising magnesium, because of its light weight and toughness as the "metal of tomorrow." It is the behef of many persons who seem to be in a position to know, that a considerable proportion of the facihties for producing magnesium for war use will not be able to stand postwar competition and will be discontinued. With almost inexhaustible quantities of high quahty magnesium ores available in North Carohna, the future appears to hold out promise for the development of olivine when an economical and competitive method for producing magnesium from this source is proven. Mineral Investigations: One of the recommendations of the Brassert report was for further exploratory work, particularly on iron and coal. The Division followed up this recommendation, working with and through the Boykin Steel Shortage Com-mittee of the National House of B,epresentatives, the U. S. Bureau of Mines, and members of the North CaroUna delegation in Congress. Funds were set up in the Bureau of Mines for mineral exploration, and allotments were made for various North Carohna projects including iron, coal, and other min-erals. Out of this appropriation, the U. S. Bureau of Mines, is establishing at N. C. State College in Raleigh an experimental mineral laboratory. It is contemplated that this laboratory will be staffed by some 30 technicians. Its objective is to develop the use pattern whereby minerals from North Carohna and neighboring states can be utilized in the most effective manner. The Bureau has established at Salisbury a sponge iron experimental plant. Here are centered the Bureau's experiments in making sponge iron by the brick kiln meth-od. The Bureau also contemplates pilot plant experiments in the making of sponge iron by methods other than the brick kiln process at State College in Raleigh. In this connection there will be built at State College by the Bureau, as part of the new experiment station, a small open hearth furnace. WAR INDUSTRIAL COORDINATION Effective utilization of all industrial capacity in the country has been one of the basic wartime problems This naturally involved the temporary discontinuation of certain lines of manufacture and slackening production in other hnes, thus making available greater facilities and labor for the more essential items. These changes could not, of course, be carried out without some disruptions and losses. In order to minimize the public and private losses in conversion to war pro-duction in North Carohna, Governor Broughton on June 15, 1942, appointed a Com-mittee on War Industrial Coordination and a secretary to carry out its program. This activity was financed through the appropriations made to the Division of Com-merce and Industry and set up to work through and in conjunction with the Division. 42 Personnel of this committee, which has served without financial remuneration of any kind, is as follows: m- J. Ed Millis, Chairman, High Point Dr. Ben F. Royal, Norehead City Russell F. Hall, Vice Chairman, Greensboro J. Vivian Whitfield, Wallace T. Henry Wilson, Drexel L. Y. Ballentine, Varina John K. Barrow, Zebulon Josh L. Home, Jr., Rocky Mount Frank Daniels, Raleigh Walter J. Damtoft, Canton J. Wesley Jones, Statesville Charles A. Cannon, Concord • Ex-Officio P. H. Hanes, Winston-Salem Governor J. Melville Broughton Col. Robert Baker, Greensboro Irving F. Hall Wm. D. Carmichael, Chapel Hill R. Bruce Etheridge T. J. Hackney, Wilson Paul Kelly Harry Straus, Brevard J. T. Hiers, Wilmington The general program of the Committee at its first meeting was approved on June 30, 1942, as follows: 1. To render every possible assistance to industries throughout the State to keep our plants in operation during the war. 2. To extend every practicable aid to those plants equipped to handle War Con-tracts toward securing such contracts. 3. In the case of certain other plants, where conversion of equipment or materials is needed, to render help in their program and toward the solution of their problems. 4. Endeavor to bring to North Carolina such war industries and projects as may well fit into our facilities and conditions. Furniture: Among the major industries of the State, it appeared from the begin-ning of the program that furniture would probably be affected more than most other lines, hence, much time was devoted to helping to obtain contracts and in converting over to other Unes. Among contracts which the Committee helped to obtain were for desks, chairs, dormitory furniture, hospital tables, camp furniture, refrigerators, file cabinets, navy furniture, tent stakes, army cots, pigeon coops, ship fenders, mu-nition boxes. Assistance was also given to some plants in obtaining contracts for the manufacture -of aircraft parts. Some received orders for small boats or parts. Farm Implements: On August 24, 1942, manufacturers of farm implements were called together, 17 of the 23 in the State being represented. The purpose of the meeting was to consolidate efforts to obtain increased quotas for production. Dur-ing the following two months, a special sub-committee was able to work out substan-tial increases and in several cases operations were able to continue on even a larger scale than before. Wood Products: At the meeting of the Committee at Wilmington, November 20, 1942, special attention was given to the extremely pressing problems involved in the supplying of wood in its various forms for essential purposes. Governor Brough-ton subsequently named a special committee to help in the situation, the purpose being to assist in getting a supply of wood in its various forms to war projects, to help solve manpower problems, to aid lumber and veneer mills to increase produc- 43 tion and to work with governmental agencies in the matter of price ceilings, priori-ties, and regulations affecting timber production and distribution. Named on this committee were: John K. Barrow, Zebulon G. N. Hutton, Hickory T. Henry Wilson, Drexel C. W. Green, Elizabethtown Walter J. Damtoft, Asheville A. S. Carpenter, Laurinburg J. W. Foreman, EUzabeth City J. T. Ryan, High Point J. H. L. Myers, Oxford Henry Foscue, High Point Clarence English, Asheville Dr. Ben F. Royal, Morehead City Camouflage: War items obtained for production by North Carolina manufacturers were many and varied. Three companies were set up for the production of cam-ouflage, and some 35 per cent of the entire Nation's need was supplied by these North Carolina firms. Collectively, these firms have been able to keep steadily emploj-ed more than 1,500 persons since early in February 1943. The program is at the time still carrying on and should continue well after January 1, 1945. Ship Fenders: Ship fenders, which had previously been made out of rattan, were required to be made from saplings. One of the first firms in the Nation to start large production in this field was a North CaroUna furniture company which is still manufacturing ship fenders in large quantities. It has produced more than 50 per cent of the government needs in this line and has employed upward of 500 workers. Wooden Boats: Six different companies have been engaged in the manufacture of wooden boats. Assistance in obtaining contracts has been given on several occasions. Consistent efforts have been made to keep steady production in this field. Parachutes: Assistance was given to five companies in obtaining contracts for the manufacture of fragment parachutes. In order that these companies might s-tep up the production in these required items, it was necessary to assist them in obtain-ing special heavy power sewing machines. Machines were made available to three other companies engaged in war production. Seaweed: Cooperation was given the Krim-Ko Cornpany of Chicago in an effort to assist in establishing their company in North Carolina for the production of agar. In late 1943, this company engaged fishermen in the vicinity of Morehead City and Beaufort to collect 50,000 pounds of the seaweed known as Gracilaria from which the company extracted agar, used in bacteriological work, as an emulsifier, in films, and for many other purposes. Fishermen and other residents of communities from which the seaweed has been gathered received several thousand dollars for their work. Seaweed is gathered during spare time and over a period of several months. While the seaweed is now being processed elsewhere, the officials of the company promise that, as soon as the war is over, they will establish their plant in North Caro-lina and manufacture their product here. Surveys prove that there is an abundance of this weed along the shores of North Carolina—probably enough to supply the peacetime needs of the Nation. The country before the war was dependent largely on Japan for this product. Dr. Glesinger: The attention of the Wood Products Committee was called to the enormous waste of forest products and the suggestion was made that something be done to utilize the waste of the wood working plants and in the forest. A member of our committee, T. Henry WOson, reported that a prominent official of the Waste Wood UtiUzation Committee of Europe was in the United States and asked the Secretary to try to find him and, if possible, employ him to make a state-wide survey 44 on the utilization of waste wood products. This man was contacted at Fortune Magazine and was found to be Dr. Egon Glesinger, a well known authority on waste wood utilization. A proposition was received from him for a state wide survey. The committee was faced with the problem of raising several thousand dollars. When approached as to a plan for raising this money, Mr. Wilson offered to provide the required sum. It was largely through his generosity that the program was carried forward. Port of Wilmington: Late in 1943, the Secretary assisted a committee from Wil-mington in presenting a request to the U. S. Shipping Board, to make Wilmington a Port of Entry and that it be given certain Federal ships for loading with lend-lease cargoes. A grant from the Shipping Board was made, and since November 1, 1943, there have been three boats per month loaded at Wilmington and three return car-goes S3nt back to that port from the war zone. New Industries: During the latter part of 1943, assistance was given in the open-ing of a new industry at Mount Airy, the Laurel Bluff Mills, producing parachutes and underwear for the government. This company has gone steadily on and is proving a valuable asset to that communitj^ Acquisition of power sewing machines, plus machines from the Welco Shoe Com-pany, made possible the opening of a plant at Waynesville which has gone steadily along as a new and promising industry. Late in November 1943, information was received that the Strickland Aircraft Company was moving from Topeka, Kansas. The company officials were interested in coming to the State, and early in January located at High Point where they have been steadily in production of war materials. The company is now employing 350 workers. Print Paper Mill Project: During the past several months of this year, brochures covering suggested locations for print paper mills in the State have been submitted to prospects. Close contract has been kept with the Southern Newspaper Publishers Association and with the railroads in an effort to establish a print paper mill in the State. While no definite results in this line can as yet be reported, there is some hope that North Carolina may have such a mill in the future. Fiber Board: Through contacts established through Dr. Glesinger, active contacts have been maintained with fiber board manufactueres with the hope that eventaully one of these mills will come to North Carolina. Much encouragement in this direc-tion has been received. Forest Products Laboratory: Considerable work has been done with Secretary Claude Wickard, U. S. Department of Agriculture, looking to the estabhshment of a Forest Products Laboratory in North Carolina. There are hopes that provisions will be made for this project by the next Congress. This would provide a laboratory similar to the one now located at Madison, Wisconsin. War Production Board: This office has maintained a very fine cooperative relation-ship with all branches of the War Production Board and the Smaller War Plants Board. Active cooperation was given by Irving F. Hall, and by T. J. Love, of the War Production Board. A similar relationship, has existed with the Smaller War Plants Board. The relationship of this office with C. E. McCallum has been splendid. ANALYSES AND STATISTICS Little could be accomplished toward the promotion of the industrial and com-mercial growth of the State without the guidance of compiled facts for presentation to the prospect. The individuals with which the Division deals are sound, deep- 45 thinking business men to whom must be presented a clear and thorough case on the advantages of a new location. In almost every case, the prospect has a special problem. At times it is necessary to work up rather comprehensive briefs, giving facts pertinent to his problems. To meet these demands it is necessary to keep extensive files on many subjects and to reach out to diverse soiu-ces for data. Until ten months before the end of the biennium, the Division was without the services of an analyst. This made it necessary for each engineer to work up data applying to each prospect, in addition to maintaining contacts and his sales efforts with the prospect. One of the most important duties of the analyst, particularly during the period of shortage of building materials, has been to find and keep a record of available build-ings throughout the State. This has been accomplished by means of questionnaires, personal contacts, news items, and through real estate agents, Chambers of Com-merce, municipal officials, owners, and others. Several new industries for the State have come as a direct result of these building records. Had there been more manu-facturing space available, there is no doubt that additional plants could have been located. Even near the close of this biennium after it would seem that most war needs might have been provided, there has continued a demand for industrial buildings. Some of these were for space for manufacturing special war products and others were for forward-looking manufacturers preparing for postwar operations. However, toward the close of the biennium, more inquirers were studjdng sites for postwar building projects. This has emphasized the need for additional studies to show the advantages and facihties of numeroous sites and the collection of data for various requirements such as labor, water, power, sewage disposal, transportation, taxes, etc. Comprehensive files are being built up on these subjects and broken down for communities and particular sites. Dinnerware Bulletin: In September 1943, the Division began the preparation of Bulletin No. 44, "Economic Opportunities for the Production of Semi-porcelain Dinnerware in North Carolina." Basic data were furnished by the T.V.A. and valuable cooperation was given by the Division of Mineral Resources and the De-partment of Ceramics of N. C. State College. Tliis bulletin was completed and ready for distribution at the close of the bien-nium. It has been distributed widely through the ceramics industry, to interested communities, engineers, and numerous other sources. As a result, several manu-facturers have become interested and have signified their purpose of looking over the field in person to consider locations. It is beUeved that this bulletin has laid a sound foundation from which the industry will become established in the State in the future. Because of the growing importance of plastics in the economy of the country, a general brief has been prepared for the information of manufacturers who might be interested in the State. Some active prospects have been developed as a result. Industrial Directory: The most recent industrial directory of North Carolina was issued in 1938. This publication carried the names and locations of the various manufacturing and commercial enterprises of the State and basic data on each coun-ty. The list is now out of date, particularly in view of the numerous war changes and those which will come after the close of hostilities. It is most desirable that a revised issue be printed soon after the close of the war as an inventory of the State industrial structure, a guide to buyers of North Carolina products, and as information helpful to manufacturers considering locations. An 46 industrial directory presents a tangible picture of industrial progress and at the same time shows lines logical for development. Preliminary work on this project has been underway in the Division for some time. Studies of Postivar Sites: In order to fill requests for information concerning pro-spective sites for industries which are prosecuting active studies for permanent loca-tions, the Division has started a file on this subject. Data are being assembled, particularly for the use of those industries which have special water requirements, both as to volume and quality. The file on these and other sites also will contain information on transportation facihties, raw materials, power, labor supply, taxes, and other subjects in which the prospect may be in-terested. Alreadj' some of these sites have been purchased and plants are planned when building restrictions are hfted. New Construction Data: The number of sound business enterprises looking toward definite community interest in their plant appears to be increasing. The Division has in several instances been requested to ascertain what communities wUl erect i industrial buildings on a lease basis. Most of the firms with which the Division is dealing are well able to put up their ' own buildings but they believe that they will be able to tie in closer with the com-munity if it has an actual stake in the operation. In addition, there are some worthy enterprises, headed by well qualified executives, which need some financing either for space or for initial operations. In order to be of assistance to groups of this nature, the Division has canvassed either by personal contact or other means most of the communities in North Caro-lina to ascertain if they would be interested in such propositions. Industrial Brochure: As soon as necessary personnel can be had, it is the plan of the Division, with the cooperation of the News Bureau, to issue an attractive and well illustrated brochure on the general industrial attractions of North Carohna. The proposed publication would be one to command the attention of busy execu-tives and for distribution to a selected list. Its nature would be such as to impress the business man and to prompt further inquiries fitting his particular requirements . Special Briefs: Briefs to show the advantages for specific industries in North Caro-lina are compiled from time to time by the'Division. Several briefs of this nature have been prepared during the biennium and others are contemplated. One of these, showing the advantages for meat packing, was assembled and circulated to leading meat packers of the country. General data were compiled for distribution to the plastics industries. Informa-tion of interest to pulp manufacturers was mailed out to companies it is hoped to interest in North Carohna locations. Later it is contemplated that briefs of similar nature may be worked up on starch and glass-making possibiUties. Since all briefs must be based on facts sufficiently concrete to attract the interest of business men, considerable research and study is required. POSTWAR PLANNING Because of its limited staff, the Division has not found it possible to go deeply into this subject. The time of limited personnel has been occupied, to a major ex-tent in servicing and following up active prospects interested both in immediate facilities for war production or in projects to be carried out at the close of hostilities. With the reactivation of the State Planning Board, a new source of helpful indus-trial information has developed and the two agencies are working in close coopera- 47 tion. The Planning Board has already placed on its schedule several research prob-lems which should be of material aid to the Division. It is felt that the field of the Division is primarily in the mechanics of promoting the development of industry and commerce in the State while the Planning Board provides data gathered by research for use by the Division and other agencies. The field of operations of the two agencies is, therefore, complementary and not dupUcating. Indications are that more industries will choose locations in the near future than in any similar period in the history of the country. Supporting this beUef have been announcements by some large plants of their purpose to decentrahze operations. Many new products or refinements of old products will come into production as soon as permitted. Numerous manufacturers are faced with the necessity of discarding obsolete machinery and plants, and some of these are contemplating new locations. Other manufacturers want to get nearer to sources of raw materials and to markets for their products. These factors add up to an unusual opportunity for North Carolina to sell the State to such prospects. Competition is keen between the States and those which wage aggressive campaigns and follow up closely on their prospects will profit most in creating new wealth for the people. STATE ADVERTISING A preponderance of the State advertising funds during the biennium has gone into industrial copy. The program was planned and carried out under the direction of the Division by the Advertising agency. Particular efforts have been made to keep the theme of the advertising timely as was the case when copy set forth the belief that sponge iron, a potential North Caro-lina product, could help in reUeving the war steel shortage. This advertisement initiated a program which has led to a comprehensive study of the mineral possibili ties of the State. The advertising copy has varied widely. Some advertisements have called atten-tion to general advantages offered to industry by North Carolina and others have suggested and given basic reasons why specific industries are suited to the State. These include dinnerware, plastics, wood using industries, food processing, and nu-merous others. STEAM POLLUTION As population grows and the number of industries increases, the problem of the discharge of municipal and industrial wastes into the streams becomes greater. ReaUzing this fact, the Department and other State agencies have joined hands with the Tennessee Valley Authority for the purpose of initiating a program looking forward to the solution of these problems. It is realized that the questions involved are broad and far-reaching, but it is hoped that these initial steps will lead to a con-structive program. The agencies concerned plan to work with industries and, wherever possible, help in the solution of their problems. Much can be accomplished through this form of cooperation. DIVISION OF FORESTRY Since World War II continued throughout the Biennium, our major efforts have naturally been directed toward helping in every possible way with the war effort. The gradual loss of most of the trained and experienced supervisory personnel and the substitution with men less familiar with the work and the conditions, when they can be had, has seriously affected both the amount and the effectiveness of the work accomplished. It is, therefore, a satisfaction to report that everyone in the Division has carried on to the best of their abiUty without complaining. The following changes have occurred: Personnel. Roger D. Huff, who since November 1938, has been loaned to the State by the U. S. Forest Service for help in advising land-owners on timber manage-ment problems, was in October 1942 taken on part time for a Federal Timber Pro-duction Census in the State; and on August 1, 1943, he was withdrawn from State Supervision and assigned as Assistant Area Forester of the Timber Production War Project. Since office space was given this organization. Huff has still been readily available for advice and help. In October 1943, W. C. Finley, of Michigan, was offered a position with the Di-vision to continue the management work with private land-owners which Huff had been doing. He was to come at a moderate salary as soon as he could make the necessary arrangements. Arriving on November 15, 1943, he staj'^ed only to the end of the year when he left to accept a position with the American Walnut Manu-facturers Association. Thomas W. Morse went into the Navy on March 7, 1944. It was not until June 1 that the services of Rubee J. Pearse, of Raleigh, were secured to superinlend the State Park program until Morse's return. Pearse is a graduate of Cornell College and Harvard University School of Landscape Architecture. He has had wide ex-perience in design and construction in several of the Southern States. During the interim, a large part of the direction of the branch of State Parks devolved upon P. A. Griffiths, owing to the illness of the State Forester. L. L. Miller, Acting Assistant Superintendent of Parks since C. C. Stott began active service with the Army in March 1941, resigned as of April 15, 1944. Harold C. Bolick of Raleigh, a graduate of State College in Landscape Architecture, with nine years experience as landscape architect with the State Highway and Public Works Commission, was secured to take Miller's place, and reported for work May 1 . There has been much change in supervisory personnel in the Fire Control Branch. J. R. Spratt, Chief Inspector, was given leave of absence on February 1, 1943, for the duration and is now with the Navy. Paul W. Tillman, the Senior District For-ester, was promoted to take his place. This left all of the districts to be supervised by men who have been only a short time in the State Forest Serivce. W. L. Brewer, Jr., employed April 5, 1944 at Rockingham, took Tillman's place as District Forester at FayettevUle November 1, 1943, and J. H. Ruff was employed as District Forester at Rockingham on October 1, 1943. The other districts are now supervised by men promoted from the position of District Ranger. At Lenoir, M. M. Young (resigned Sept. 30, 1942) was succeeded by A. D. Williams, formerly County Warden of Burke; at Rocky Mount, R. L. Westerfield (resigned to enter 48 49 Army Sept. 80, 1943) was succeeded by E. C. Ferebee, District Ranger at Rocky Mount; and the new Elizabeth City District was placed in charge of M. M. Carstar-phen, formerly County Warden of Edgecom.be, on Sept. 1, 1943. Carstarphen en-tered the Navy two months later. The employment of Archie B. Smith as Ranger Inspector Jan. 1, 1943, working out of the Raleigh office, chiefly on War Emergency Projects, added a much needed official to the Forest Fire Control staff. Education The lack of personnel has prevented anj^ progress in the educational program. The services of Dr. W. H. Wheeler, Chief Lecturer of the U. S. Forest Service, were secured for a series of lectures in the upper Coastal Plain from Spetember 28 to Oc-tober 2, 1942. He gave ten lectures in five cormties to some 1,500 students and adults. Mr. Griffiths accompanied him on these trips. Since that time Dr. Wheel-er, who during the past 20 j^ears, has instructed and entertained manj^ audiences in this State, has retired. Occasional illustrated lectures and talks have been given by Griffiths and the State Forester gave a paper on "Birds as Foresters," which was published in "Chat.'> Publications. There has been little opportunitj- of preparing material for pub-lication, much as some informational bulletins are needed. In March 1943, Circular No. 25, "Suggestions for Managing Woodlands and Marketing Forest Products," prepared by Roger D. Huff, when working in cooperation with the Division, was issued in an edition of 2.000 copies. This has been distributed to parties seeking information, especially those who may be interested in better forest managem.ent. Following the special appropriation of SI,000 by the General Assemblj^ of 1943 to cover the cost of a new edition of "Common Forest Trees, " some small corrections and amendments were made, especially in adding half a dozen species to those de-scribed and in appending lists of less important trees and some introduced trees. An edition of 15,000 copies was printed by the Owen G. Dunn Company of New Bern, who did an excellent job. The seventy-six cuts used were nearly aU borrowed from the U. S. Forest Service and from the State of Florida. Since the books were not received until nearlj^ the end of the school year, in the spring of 1944. distribu-tion was mostly held up until school work gets underway in the fall. Timher Farms Program. At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the North Carolina Forestry Association in Raleigh, May 17, 1943, the resignation of Colin Spencer of Carthage as president was accepted and Dr. C. F. Korstian, Dean of the Duke School of Forestry, was elected in his place. Mr. Spencer has for two years been extremely active in carrying on the office of president and it was only due to a serious illness that he found it necessarj^ to hand in his resignation. One of the Association's important projects is cooperation with the Southern Pine Association in the offering of awards to woodland owners who handle their property on. a con-servative basis. This "Timber Farms Program" recognizes, with a certificate of award, the owner of woodland who is practicing forestry as a settled policy in the management of his timber crops. A committee composed of a Federal Forester, the Extension Forester and the State Forester, representing the three chief public forestry agencies, was appointed to make final recommendations on applicants for the award. It is thought that this project will do much to bring about better man-agement of private woodlands in this State. At the annual meeting of the Associa-tion held in Raleigh May 17, 1944, the first ten Timber Farm Awards were announced. The Southern Pine Association will; urnish notice boards to be placed conspicuously 50 on the property announcing this honor. Successful candidates for these awards are being announced in the excellent quarterly journal of the North Carolina Forestry Association, "Forest Notes." Leoislatjon Very little legislation relating to forestry was enacted by the General Assembly of 1943. Chapters 660 and 661 of the Session Laws of 1943 slightly amended exist-ing laws relating to forest fires, the former removing a legal restriction on the au-thority of County Commissioners to allot funds for fire control, and the second, in-creasing the penalty for setting fire "with willful or malicious intent to damage the property of another." Two proposed measures of considerable importance were not enacted. At the request of Representative E. S. Askew, a former member of the Board of Conserva-tion and Development, a bill was drawn up requiring the leaving of seed trees in timber harvesting operations. Some other provisions looking to better cutting prac-tices were also included. After several amendments, the Bill passed the House with unexpectedly strong support. The rush of business at the close of the Session was. probably largely responsible for its failure to be enacted. A bill to establish one legal rule for measuring saw timber was sponsored by the Weights and Measures Division of the Department of Agriculture in which the Di-vision of Forestry was interested. This Division was asked its opinion as to which was the fairest log rule to both buyer and seller of timber, and the International ( !4 inch Kerf) log rule was unhesitatingly recommended. This rule gives contents of logs equivalent to what large or small mills of average efficiency can cut out of them. This is in contrast to the Doyle rule, used largely by timber buyers in eastern North Carolina, which gives 50 per cent and less of actual content for logs nine inchea and under, up to 88 per cent of 20 inch logs, which sizes include practically all of our second growth timber. The bill would have made illegal the sale of round timber by any other rule. This measure will no doubt be revived in some form when the war is over because a just and definite standard of measurement is desirable. It would seem that the almost world-wide practice of measuring all forms of timber content should be generally adopted in this country. Cutting Practices Bill Recommended. Following the recommendation of the State Forester that consideration be given to the preparation of a tentative bill to bring about better cutting practices in the State, the Board of Conservation and Develop-ment, at its regular July, 1943 meeting, adopted the following resolution: "The Board recognizes the universal demand for conservation of our forest resources, as well as widespread interest in possible public regulation of forest practices on private lands. It, therefore, requests the State Forester to obtain and furnish to members of the Forestry and Parks Committee copies of recent laws enacted by the States of Maryland and Massachusetts on this subject. Copies of other similar proposals, together with opinions upon possible value thereof to North Carolina are hkewise requested." This same subject has also been under consideration by special com-mittees of the Appalachian Section of the Society of American Foresters and the North Carolina Forestry Association. It is hoped that the united efforts of these agencies will result in an effective bill acceptable ahke to land-owners and the Gen-eral Assembly. Federal Relations National Forest Acquisition. This Department has been kept informed of the progress of the Federal acquisition program as relating to the National Forests.. 51 Practically no funds have been available for Federal acquisition during the war and only a few tracts already provided for were purchased. One of these was a property just north of Lake Tahoma in McDowell County, adding some eleven hundred acres to the Pisgah National Forest. The tabulation Vjelow gives the method of acquisi-tion and the area of National Forest Lands in North Carolina as of June 30, 1944: Unit Acquired by Pur-chase or Exchange (Acres) Transferred to Nat'l For-est by other Agencies (Acres) Total U. S. Land as of 6-30-44 (Acres) Under Contract but not Acquired (Acres) Total when Con-tract com-pleted (Acres) Cherokee Croatan Nantahala Pisgah Uwharrie 327 123,364 342,533 465,480 36,809 24,171 454 327 123,364 366,704 465,934 36,809 32 12,275 327 123,396 378,979 465,934 36,811 Totals 968,513 24,625 993,138 12,309 1,005,447 * Two thousand five hundred and nineteen acres of purchased land which has been transferred to Navy Department not included. Timber Production War Project. In the spring of 1943 when the Government was getting uneasy about the serious decHne in production of timber products essential for war, the War Production Board proposed a "Forest Products Service," with power to take over mills, timber, equipment and labor if necessary to increase pro-duction. The U. S. Forest Service was asked to take over and operate this so-called "service." Such a protest went up from industry. State Foresters and the general public that the matter was dropped in its original form. But the need for some facilitating agency continued, and the "TPWeepy" was born. At the invitation of the U. S. Forest Service, the State Forester attended a meeting in Atlanta July 22, as representative of the Southern State Foresters, at which plans already de-cided upon for the establishing and operating of the Timber Production War Projects were outlined and discussed. H. B. Bosworth, Supervisor of the Pisgah National Forest, was then assigned to head up this new Federal activity in this State as Area Forester. On his mo^^ng to Raleigh he was furnished rather crowded but free office space in the Division of Forestry and he installed as his assistant, Roger D. Huff, thus taking the latter from the forest management work which he had been carrying on for tiiree or four years as a cooperating forester. The State was divided into four TPWP Districts and competent men placed in charge of each. The idea of the whole organization is to facilitate the production of forest products necessary to the war effort by aiding lumbermen to secure timber and needed equipment, as well as to show them and woodland owners how to cut timber without unnecessarily re-ducing the annual yield. Norris Doxey. For several years past the Federal Government has been offering to this State small sums on a 50-50 cooperative basis to assist in the emplojonent of one or more foresters to advise owners of woodland in the management of their tim-ber crops. However, the requirements have been such that acceptance of the offer has been impracticable. In the summer of 1942 a similar offer was transmitted to this Department by the Forest Service but for a much larger sum ($12,000), with the understanding that if it could not be accepted it would be offered to the Agri- 52 cultural Extension Service. Realizing that there was no loose money in the For-estry Budget and that the possibility of securing any such sum as an emergency allotment was hopeless, the offer was declined after a full discussion with the Director and the representative of the Regional office on September 28. That same day, in Dean Schaub's office at State College, an agreement was drawn up and witnessed by the State Forester under which the Extension Service would match the fund offered, select and supervise the work of six farm forestry experts, each located and working in a separate district of from two to four counties. By December 1 the six new farm foresters had been engaged by the Extension Service and they were given a week's special training. The State Forester seems to have some implied responsibilities in connection with this program and has been receiving copies of the Farm Foresters monthly reports, which contain helpful figures on timber prices. Forest Fire Fighters Service. At a meeting held in Raleigh on July 23, 1942, of all State and Federal officials concerned with the protection from fire of the forest areas of the State under the direction of the State Director of Civilian Defense, the or-ganization of the Forest Fire Fighters Service as a branch of the Office of Civilian Defense was planned and the State Forester was named State Coordinator to head up this special protection work. Owing to the shortness of help, the State Forester endeavored to handle this war effort himself and made two or three trips through eastern North Carolina in an effort to estabhsh the organization in some 2S eastern counties. In each of these counties the Army and Navy felt that special efforts were necessary to prevent the smoke from interfering with maneuvers and forest fires from lighting up the coast at night. Fairly effective overhead organizations were secured in several counties; however, since there was no one able to devote a great deal of time to organization and training, in only a few cases were effective re-sults achieved. The State Office of Civilian Defense found itself unable to do any printing for this branch of the work so the Division of Forestry finally, printed the necessary cards. Arm bands and some printed and mimeographed material were received from the Washington office, nearly all of which remains unused, owing to the gradual decline of the project due to the favorable progress of the war. The training of local groups was started and "Fag Bags" made by the Girl Scouts were distributed largely to sportsmen using the woods in the fall of 1943. Following the suspension of regular meetings by the Office of Civilian Defense, this effort was amal-gamated with the regular fire control work of the Division in February 1944. Judging by the limited experience of the past two years, it would seem that owing to the absence of the men at war and war work, the better results might have been obtained by devoting more time to organizing high school boys and girls. This was done successfully in a few cases. State Relations State Soil Conservation Committee. As a member of the State Soil Conservation Committee provided for in Chapter 139, Paragraph 4-A, General Statutes 1943, the State Forester attended practically all meetings of this Committee which were held in the office of the Chairman, Dean I. O. Schaub. The proceedings usually dealt with the various processes in the creation of new Soil Conservation Districts and with the promotion of activities provided for in this law. In March 1943, the crea-tion of the Albemarle District was approved, contingent upon the other procedure defined in the law. The District was recommended with the idea of including the Bear Swamp drainage proposal. This proposal, made by the U. S. Soil Conserva-tion Service, was to drain a part or all of Bear Swamp lying within Chowan and Perquimans counties. Possible objection to this project was brought forward in 53 that the drainage of peat swamps might eventually leave the drained land subject to destruction by fire as has occurred in so many earUer drainage projects. Some objection was also raised against carrying out a drainage project without the spe-cific approval of some State authority. However, the organization of this District was approved on the basis of its being a Governmental experimental project. The same objections were raised when the Soil Conservation Service proposed to drain Lyon S',vamp in Pender and Bladen counties, which had been drained years ago and subsequently abandoned. Both of these cases, it was shown, that peaty lands were not involved. The former project has been completed while the latter has found difficulty in completing its organization. It would seem that the State should have more authoritj^ to approve or disapprove such drainage projects than is given by requiring the Director of the Department of Conservation and Development to nominate a drainage engineer to be one of the three \dewers to make report to the Clerk of the Court of the County concerned. The large amounts of money involved in large drainage projects and the risks of failure and of ultimate destruction of the soil it would seem that the State should have final authoritJ^ It seems that Chapter 107, Agricultural Development Districts, and Chapter 156, Drainage, could well be amalgamated and revised and in doing so give the State the authority over the use of lands which it seems the Federal Government is now in a way of usurping. The State Soil Conservation Districts law provides for the organization of Dis-tricts with three representative farmers as supervisors of each District and the Di-vision of Forestry has been represented at several of these meetings and an effort has been made to emphasize the need for better forest practices. Department of Archives and History. For many years old correspondcne, office reports and other material in the forestry files, has been accumulating and has been moved a number of times in the past 20 years. The Director, therefore, accepted an offer of the Director of Archives and Histor)^ to go through this material and sal-vage all that seemed to him of importance. Tn September 1943, a large part of these old files was turned over to Dr. C. C. Crittendon and his assistants, who are sorting over the material as opportunity offers. War Industries Coordinating Committee. At the invitation of Governor Broughton, Dr. Egon Glesinger, an expert in the chemical forest products industries, came to North Carolina in October 1943 and made a study of wood waste, with the idea of recommending fuller utilization of the waste material which now results from present practices in some of our industries. He travelled under the guidance of J. E. Coad, Secretary of the War Industries Coordination Committee. With the financial back-ing of Henry Wilson, of the Drexel Furniture Company, Dr. Glesinger made an in-tensely interesting verbal report to a group of State officials and industrialists in Raleigh, January 25, 1944, but his final report will not become available until after December 15, 1944. However, he felt that there was ample room in North Carolina for the profitable utilization of much of the waste now suffered in converting timber into marketable products. FOREST FIRE CONTROL The forest area under protection by the State Forest Service increased to the ex-tent of more than 750,000 acres during the two-year period covered by this report. As is indicated by the following Progress Chart, this is due primarily to a progressive increase in the number of protected (or cooperating) counties. The long-standing poUcy of financial cooperation in fire control by the Federal Government under Sec-tion 2 of the Clarke-McNary Law continued in effect. During this period the Fed- 54 eral appropriation was considerably increased, directly reflecting increases in State and County appropriations available, as well as an increase in the Federal funds themselves. This increase in available Federal money had been long sought by the States and by interested forestry organizations, and resulted, of course, from action by Congress in pursuance of this widespread interest. The considerable increase in direct State appropriation during fiscal year 1943-44 is of particular importance. Since this State appropriation, under our system of financial cooperation with coun-ties and private landowners, is the key of the financial picture, the Progress Chart indicates the incr
Object Description
Description
Title | Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development of the State of North Carolina |
Other Title | Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development. |
Creator | North Carolina. |
Date | 1942; 1943; 1944 |
Subjects |
Conservation of natural resources--North Carolina--Periodicals Fisheries--North Carolina Forests and forestry--North Carolina Game and Game-birds--North Carolina Government advertising--North Carolina Industries--North Carolina Mines and mineral resources--North Carolina Natural Resources--North Carolina North Carolina. Department of Conservation and Development--Periodicals Parks--North Carolina Tourism--North Carolina |
Place | North Carolina, United States |
Time Period | (1929-1945) Depression and World War Two |
Description | Title from cover. |
Publisher | Raleigh, N.C. :Dept. of Conservation and Development,[1928]- |
Agency-Current |
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Physical Characteristics | v. ;23 cm. |
Collection | Health Sciences Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Type | text |
Language | English |
Format | Reports |
Digital Characteristics-A | 7510 KB; 134 p. |
Digital Collection |
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access, a North Carolina LSTA-funded grant project North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Title Replaces | North Carolina. Department of Conservation and Development..Biennial report of the director |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_edp_biennialreportconservation19421944.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_edp\images_master\ |
Full Text | N.G.Dept. of conservation & Development Report C550 NS7r JS4-2/44- ..^ C6e LflJrarp ([|nit)er0itp of JI3ottl) Carolina Collection ot jRortl) CatoUniana CnHotocB bp 31oSn feptunt ^(U of tl)t m&W of 1889 C55o JMBTr ''/''/if'''"' UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00033966101 This hook must not he taken from the Lihvavy huildin^. jr,-' .(' "-''fci'l < "-1 ;>-( i;'^'/ i,V' TENTH BIENNIAL REPORT OF The Department of Conservation and Development OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1944 TENTH BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA For the Biennium Ending June 30, 1944 BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT Governor J. Melville Broughton, Chairman Raleigh J. L. HoRNE, Vice Chairman Rocky Mount Harry Bailey Penland Oscar P. Breece Fayetteville J. Wilbur Bunn Raleigh K. Clyde Council Wananish W. J. Damtoft Canton J. HoRTON DouGHTON Statesvillo Irving F. Hall Raleigh W. Roy Hampton Plymouth R. H. Holland Wilmington Wm. Carl Hudson Morganton Chas. H. Jenkins Aulander Carroll P. Rogers Trj'on Richard S. Tufts Pinehurst Lee B. Weathers Shelby R. Bruce Etheridge, Director Raleigh Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2011 witii funding from Ensuring Democracy througii Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/biennialconserv19421944 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, N. C. October 15, 1944 To His Excellency, Hon. J. Melville Broughton Governor of North Carolina Sir: In accordance with Section 11, Chapter 122, PubUc Laws of 1925, and by direc-tion of the Board of Conservation and Development, I have the pleasure of submit-ting herewith the Tenth Report of the Department of Conservation and Develop-ment for the biennium ending June 30, 1944. There are shown in this report a review of the activities of the Department during the last two-year period and a financial statement for the biennium. Respectfully submitted, R. Bruce Etheridge, Director. o 4- DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS ADMINISTRATIVE R. Bruce Etheridge, Director Paul Kelly, Assistant Director W. Ray Bishop, Auditor Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobete, Senior Accounting Clerk EuLA Lincoln, Senior Accounting Clerk Evelyne Yelverton, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Margaret Scott, Senior Stenographer-Clerk L. W. BuNN, Senior General Clerk DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Capt. John A, Nelson, Commissioner Thomas A. Basnight, Assistant Commissioner D. M. Davis, Assistant Commissioner N. R. Webb, Principal Accounting Clerk Mary E. Willis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk N. McKeithen Caldwell, District Sanitarian DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Paul Kelly, Industrial Engineer James E. Coad, Executive Secretary. War Industries Coordination Committee Philip Schwartz, Industrial Analyst Nell Wellons, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mary Lee Cowper, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Virginia Anderson, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF FORESTRY J. S. Holmes, State Forester W. K. Beichler, Principal Forester P. A. Griffiths, Senior Forester R. J. Pearse, Acting Superintendnt of State Parks P. W. Tillman, Senior Forester A. B. Smith, Associate Forester H. G. BoLicK, Assistant Superintendent of State Parks Mrs. Grace. W. Prevost Principal Accounting Clerk Mrs. Mabel D. Young, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Edna J. Almand, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Elsie Eason, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Margie Evans, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DISTRICT FORESTERS W. J. Clark, Asheville J. H. Ruff, Rockingham W, L. Brewer, Jr., Fayetteville SENIOR FORESTER: MANAGEMENT Frank J. Miller, Elizabethtown ACTING DISTRICT FORESTERS A. D. Williams, Lenoir F. L. Hooker, New Bern E. C. Ferebee, Rocky Mount DISTRICT FOREST RANGERS T. E. Begley, Asheville M. A. Jones, Rocky'Mount E. P. Simmons. Lenoir T. R. McMillam, Fayetteville N. T. Faulkner, Rockingham Paul E. Sebring, Fayetteville L. W. Davis, New Bern R. D. Wise, Elizabeth'City DISTRICT OFFICE CLERK STENOGRAPHERS Mrs. Richard Spinks, Asheville Mary Ellen Quinliven, Rocky Mount Mary Pulliam, Lenoir Anna Campbell, Fayetteville |£ Jeannie Currie, Rockingham Elizabeth Harrell, Elizabeth City Mrs. W. W. Hitson, New Bern Christine PETERs,|_Elizabethtown CARETAKERS—STATE PARKS Ed Wilson, Mount Mitchell Grady L. Mills, Morrow Mountain Jesse Long, Hanging Rock J. W. Kistler, Crabtree Creek Thomas F. Davenport, Phelps Lake NURSERYMEN Moody M. Clemmons, Clayton Pelzie Hamilton, Crab Creek DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES HiNTON James, Commissioner J. D. Findlay, Assistant to Commissioner Mrs. Alice W. Austell, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Margaret Jarvis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Esther Williamson, Senior Account-Clerk DISTRICT GAME PROTECTORS J. A. Bradshaw, Asheville E. L. Nicholson, Burgaw C. M. Capel, Mt. Gilead L. E. Warrington, New Bern H. G. Farthing, Boone R. E. West, Moyock R. F. Logan, Chapel Hill C. N. Woolard, Wilson Fred C. Ott, Superintendent Game Farm, Fayetteville C. N. Mease, Chief Refuge Supervisor, Marion J. H. Longshore, Chief Refuge Supervisor, Asheville Frank W. Eatman, Coordinator. Pittman-Robertson Projects, Raleigh Miss Elsie Proctor, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Lyman DeBerry, Mt. Gilead, Project Leader L. B. Hopkins, Raleigh, Project Leader GAME MANAGEMENT R. B. Armfield, Division Biologist, Raleigh Mary Weathers, Junior Stenographer-Clerk FISH HATCHERY SUPERINTENDENTS R. B. Armfield, Supervisor of Fish Resources Morrison Hatchery, Leo F. Reiger, Waynesville "Pete" Murphy Hatchery, Luther Skaggs, Marion Marmon Hatchery, Clyde Anderson, Pineola Roaring Gap Hatchery, Guy C. Wallace, Roaring Gap DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Jasper L. Stuckey, State Geologist W. A. White, Assistant State Geologist W. A. Reid, Associate Chemist Jane Anderson, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF STATE ADVERTISING W. p. Sharpe, Manager John G. Hemmer, Senior Publicity Specialist Mrs. Dorothy Lewis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Margaret Mann, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Faye Branca, Junior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Clalee Dunagan, Junior General Clerk DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENGINEERING W. H. Riley, Acting Chief Engineer F. E. Day, Associate Engineer Frances Moore, Junior Stenographer-Clerk REPORT OF DIRECTOR During the entire period covered by this report (1942-44), the country has been at war. Problems and difficulties never before encountered have arisen in the op-eration of the Department, and the greatest opportunity for service has been pre-sented. Intensified interest has been directed toward many of the functions of the De-partment. On the other hand, it has been manifestly impractical to continue on full scale some of the activities. The Department prides itself, however, in the fact that it has not permitted any important feature of its work to lapse entirely during this strenuous period. Our greatest problems have been brought about by the shortage of manpower and the inavailability of equipment and supplies. Many of our key men have gone into the services and others have left the Department for defense jobs. It has been almost impossible to replace personnel, partly because of the inavailability of men and also because the Department has not been able to compete with salaries paid elsewhere. Perhaps the most lasting impression of the war on the program of the Department has been the emphasis it has placed upon conservation. This, of course, has not always been evident and perhaps more often not discernible and only indirect. Nev-er in our history has there been such a drain on our natural resources as has been experienced during this mechanized war. The demand on our farms, forests, and minerals has been without precedent. In the haste and speed demanded by war it has not always been possible to handle these resources in the most economical manner and some rehabilitation wiU be necessary in order not to spoil the future utiUty of some of our resources. The fact that the country has been able to arm so quickly and effectively was made possible only by the fact that this coimtry was so fortunately endowed with an abundance of raw materials. Well might the nation shudder to think what might have happened had it not been able to call for and have placed at its disposal the raw materials for the manufacture of the almost countless articles necessary for its protection. Without these resources the country might have been just another victim of a ruthless foe. Out of this conflict there has come, however, a warning that even though the re-sources of the country are the envy of the world, they may be depleted to such an extent as to impair our ability to defend ourselves and to deprive the people of the enjoyment of conveniences and even necessities in the future. At times during the war, shortages of what had previously been considered almost inexhaustible resources threatened to impair the entire war effort and to prolong the struggle. Not only was the need for better conservation practices demonstrated but the necessity for a more thorough knowledge of certain resources was pointed out. If we are a wise people, these lessons will be put into practice. Use of the State's and Nation's natural resources has taken the natural course dur-ing the war period—that is emphasis has been placed on speedy production to meet immediate demands. It has not been practical often to eliminate waste which is often a part of haste in harvesting and utihzing natural resources. However, the fact that conservation of natural resources was not a foremost consideration makes such practices more essential in the future. Additional demands for a more thorough conservation program to repair the waste of war will, it is contemplated, be reflected in the budget requests this fall. Another 10 cause for an expanded postwar conservation activity is the provision of needed and' beneficial public improvement projects which will provide a reservoir of work if a program of this nature develops after the war. By this means any emergency work program could be guided into constructive channels which would not otherM'ise be available. DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES Commercial Fisheries: Predominance of good prices and unusual demands have more than offset other handicaps which the fishermen have faced during the past two years. Considering all factors, the past biennium has been one of the most successful ever experienced by the commercial fishermen of the State. Fewer fishermen have been engaged in their pursuits than for a similar period in a number of years. Many fishermen have gone into the armed services, others have-been employed in war industries, and an appreciable number of fishing boats have been taken over by the government. In addition, some of the most valuable fishing waters have been restricted for defense purposes. In spite of the handicaps faced by the industry, generally, the production of com-mercial fisheries was greater in quantity, and the return to the fishermen was pon siderably higher than during the preceding biennium. Prices so much higher than' the normal have prevailed that the cash paid to the fishermen was considerably high-er than normall.y. The total value of all water products reached $10,294,710 for the last biennium, compared with $6,684,110 during the 1940-42 period. Particularly was the production of oysters encouraging. The yield of oysters during the two-year period was 752,268 bushels which brought an estimated return of $752,268 to the fishermen. The production for 1943-44 was greater than for any other j^ear in the history of the Department, with one exception. , Experiments and demonstrations of oyster growing have continued at the North. River Station which was made possible by an appropriation made by the General Assembly of 1943. During this biennium, interest has picked up considerably in^ the private culture of oysters. An indication of the value of this type of project is> the fact that quantities of cultivated oysters have sold at double the average price of those taken from natural beds. Commerce and Industry: This Division has experience one of the most active pe-riods of its existence during the past two years. Its efforts have been largely di-rected toward aiding in the war effort by helping to find facilities for the production of materials for the armed services. A special committee on War Industrial Cdordination was appointed by Governor Broughton immediately before the opening of the biennium for the primary purpose of assisting industry in converting to war production. The work of this committee was financed through appropriations to the Division of Commerce and Industry and its program was directed through the Division. Working with the War Pro-duction Board and other federal agencies, the Committee assisted numerous plants to obtain contracts, thus helping to avoid costly delays and speeding output urgently needed by the armed forces. One of the outstanding services of the Division was in helping manufacturers find' needed industrial space for establishing additional productibn facilities. Although the number of new war plants estabhshed in the State was not large, some of those that did locate in the State would, no doubt, had been placed elsewhere had not the services of the Division been used in their behalf. By working with the officials of industries in other States, the Division has helped in the establishment of several' branch plants in North Carolina. 11 In the early days of the war, it was realized that North Carolina would not be able to participate in war production in the form of new manufacturing facilities to an equal extent with some of the other states. It was quite natural that the gov-ernment give contracts to existing plants for most of the heavy equipment and ma-terials where somewhat similar products had been manufactured previously rather than to seek out new technical staffs and new sources of labor. Realizing this situation, the Division devoted its energies largely toward getting expansions of large companies already having war orders and toward promoting research to uncover new resources to provide raw materials for other industries. Forestry: Some features of the program of the Division of Forestry have been em-phasized and others have been curtailed by the war. Added stress has been placed on forest fire protection and timber management while State Park activities have been continued on a below- normal level. Continued stress was placed by the Department on fire protection as the basis of a well-rounded and efficient forestry program. This feature of the program was substantially implemented during the biennium by emergency federal appropriations for forest fire control in designated critical defense areas. Federal funds amounting to $109,000 were made available for this purpose in 1942-43; the amount dropped to about $90,000 during the last fiscal year of the biennium; and further reduction will be made during the ensuing year. These amounts were in addition to regular federal allotments. The Department takes pride, however, in pointing to the fact that the regular State program of forest fire control was extended to the largest number of counties (62) ever protected, with the total area of woodlands in the State system amounting to 12,475,329 acres at the close of the biennium. Although material progress has been made within the past few years in the State's forest fire program, some 4,500,000 acres of woodlands in North Carolina still do not have organized protection, and the degree of protection given most of the terri-tory now under protection is not sufficiently adequate for the most effective results. Without'a sufficiently complete and thorough program of this nature, other forestry measures cannot attain a full measure of success. Naturally, other measures, including in particular sound management practices, reforestation, and the wise use of all forest products are necessary for an adequate forestry program which will assure a continuous yield of timber. Wartime demands for timber have been the greatest ever experieliced in the history of the nation. Threats of a really serious shortage brought special action by the Federal Government in the form of the Timber Production War Project. The State cooperated actively with this agency in encouraging owners with mature timber to cut and market and in advising, wherever possible, concerning cutting methods. Although State Park activities have been curtailed materially during the bien-nium, there have been numerous essential functions which have necessarily been continued for the protection of the large investments in these areas. During this period, the curtailed force has also been busy in planning developments which were deferred during the war. Extensive plans have been made for the completion of the park system as a source of relaxation and recreation to hundreds of thousands who will desire and need these facilities in the future. This program will provide substantial work reserve projects which can be taken up after the war by either the State or Federal government. Game and Inland Fisheries: Although hunters, fishermen, and recreationists have not been able to indulge in their favorite sports to the average extent during the 12 past two years, it was manifestly not wise to relax game and fish protection at the risk of losing the efi'ects of the efforts of many preceding years. Financial limitations, as well as the inavaUability of manpower, made it manda-tory to curtail substantially research projects and even to suspend some during the current emergency. Naturally the fact that fewer hunters and fishermen were able to participate in these sports resulted in the sale of fewer licenses and a reduction in the receipts which finance the game and inland fisheries program. Only as a result of curtailments in expenditures was it possible to keep expenditures in line with collections. A con-tingent appropriation of $100,000 annually for the biennium by the General Assem-bly of 1943 was turned back into the General Fund. This appropriation carried the limitation that it could be used only for law enforcement after "all other projects of research, or any other operation not directly related to enforcement, shall be dis-continued." The activities of this Division have probably been affected to a greater extent by the war than others of the Department. It has been impractical to plan and execute the various normal activities under the handicap of decreasing and uncertain reve-nues. The inavailability of trained men has also been a limiting factor. When travel restrictions are released, ammunition becomes more abundant, and necessary manpower, both trained and untrained, are available, a progressive program will go forward. While protection is the basic feature of a game program and should receive pri-mary stress, education and research are important and will receive special attention as normal activities are resumed. Mineral Resources: Demands for minerals in tremendous quantities and wide va-riety have placed the heaviest burden ever faced by the Division of Mineral Resources during the biennium, in addition to its regular duties. Additional tasks have been carried out by the Division with the desire to cooperate to the fullest extent in the war effort, as has been the case with the other Divisions of the Department. As a result of these accelerated and enlarged activities, much fundamental work, which has already led to increased production and which should pave the way for new developments in the future, has been done. Because of limitations of personnel and to assemble special information, it was necessary to supplement the facilities of the Division. Earlj' in 1943, the nation-ally known engineering firm of H. A. Brassert and Company was employed by Gov-ernor J. Melville Broughton for a special examination and study of the iron, coal, and olivine resources of the State with particular reference to facilitating their de-velopment. The need of this survey grew out of the national steel shortage which was the subject of an investigation by a special committee from the National House of Representatives. This survey, as indicated elsewhere in this report, led to a comprehensive program of core drilling by the U. S. Bureau of Mines upon the completion of which it is ex-pected that the State will have a fairly complete inventory of the iron and coal re-sources of North Carolina. As a result of basic studies of olivine and experiment and pilot plant operation in the reduction of magnesium from this mineral, it is be-lieved that there is a fair chance for a reduction plant in the State in the future. The Division has worked in cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority,, the U. S. Geological Survey, and the Bureau of Mines in field studies and investiga-tions of several minerals which show promise of development in the future. The State's knowledge of its mineral resources has been greatly increased as a result of activities during the biennium. 13 State Advertising: While the State Advertising program has been carried on throughout the biennium, it has been altered extensively to fit into the war pattern. Emphasis was shifted from tourist and other features to industrial promotion to help in the unprecedented armament program. With the exception of occasional advertisements to preserve the investments already made by the State over a period of years, tourist copy was virtually discon-tinued. The theme of the few tourist advertisements run after restrictions were placed on travel was to remind future vacationists that the same old attractions will be found in North Carolina after the emergency is over. The volume of agricultural copy was reduced sharply and was altered to point , toward increasing the production of food and other crops more particularly needed. A limited number of summer camp advertisements was also run. In the main, the predominating industrial copy was directed toward helping to locate industries for war production and to call attention to unexploited resources which had possibilities of use in the armament program. Special attention in the promotional work, other than direct advertising, has been paid to the servicemen training within the State. This was accomplished partly through pictorial folding postcards, a special pamphlet, camp and club murals, and the motion picture "Variety Vacationland." Plans have already been made to shift emphasis back to travel promotion through direct advertising and other promotional efforts immediately upon relaxation of travel restrictions. Attention is also being given to the promotion of additional tourist facilities in areas where they appear to be inadequate to handle the volume of travel which is expected to develop in the postwar period. North CaroUna should continue for some time to realize on investments made during past years in familiar-izing the nation with her attractions. These results wQl be cumulative as the pro-gram continues. Water Resources and Engineering: Since May 1942, this Division has been without the services of a Chief Engineer. W. H. RUey, acting Chief Engineer, has taken care of the duties of this office as well as those of his own as Assistant Engineer. In spite of a continuous search for an engineer to fill this position, these efforts have not been successful. As a result of the lack of the services of a Chief Engineer and other conditions, it has been necessary to suspend activities in some phases of the program of the Divi-sion, but these will be continued when the organization is completed and facilities become available. During the biennium, however, the most basic functions of the Division have been continued without interruption. These include, in particular, stream gaging. A total of 131 stations were in operation at the close of this report period. During the biennium, when the U. S. Geological Survey signified its desire to move its dis-trict office from AshevUle, temporary space was found in the offices of the Department for District Engineer E. D. Burchard and part of his force, the remainder being left in AshevUle. Following an agreement with the U. S. Geological Survey, there was set up jointly by this agency and the Division a laboratory at N. C. State College for a systematic study of the chemical quality of the surface waters of North CaroHna, with particular reference to their industrial use. The analyses made at the laboratory have already served an important purpose in the State's program to promote industrial develop-ment. 14 The acting Chief Engineer of the Division was named as the representative of the Department in conferences with representatives of other State agencies and the Tennessee Valley Authority for the purpose of considering means of appraising and studying stream sanitation and conservation problems. OIL LEASES In April 1944, a group of citizens of the State, mostly from Eastern North Caro-lina, approached the Department with regard to leasing lands in the Holly Shelter Area in Pender and Duplin County for exploration for oil. After conferences with the State Board of Education which held title to the area and with the Attorney General, the Board of Conservation and Development agreed • to lease certain areas. Both the Department and the State Board of Education entered into the lease agreement, since a reversionary clause in the deed from the latter Board provided that the lands could be used only for game conservation pur-poses. A standard form of lease which provides for a royalty of one-eighth in the event oil is found, was used. Any proceeds from the lease, under constitutional provision, will go to the public schools. Chapter 385, Public Laws of 1937, vested authority to lease mineral rights on submerged lands belonging to the State in the Department of Conservation and Development. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, in May 1944, approached the Department for a lease on various river and sound bottoms. After negotiations extending over several weeks, the Board authorized leasing certain submerged areas along the coast in the northeastern part of the State to this company. Subsequently, the Coastal Plains Company applied for a lease on other submerged areas, and it was granted. A considerable portion of the submerged lands in th? central coastal section was held open to await developments. Terms of the three leases are similar in most respects. In each case the lessors have committed themselves to a thorough exploration of oil possibilities and the drilling of wells. The return to the State, contingent upon the finding of oil, is similar in each lease. As a result of these explorations and drillings, it is thought that the likelihood of finding oil will be thoroughh^ tested. If results are negative, the question will be fairly positively settled and if fruitful, developments which mean much to the State will have been started. RECOMMENDATIONS Commercial Fisheries: Among the greatest undeveloped resources in the State are the commercial fisheries, and an enlarged program is needed for the realization of the full opportunities which this industry presents. The establishment of the oyster experiment and demonstration farm on North River in Carteret County is but the first move in this direction. One of the first steps in a forward-looking commercial fishery program should be the addition of a biologist to the staff of the fisheries commissioner. Such a scientist should be equipped to carry out studies leading to the solution of many of the prob-lems of supply of various types of commercial fish and shellfish and to supervise programs which might be worked out as a result of his research. An individual with these qualifications could serve with the fishermen in a capacity similar to a farm agent, advising on such matters as oyster culture. In this way he could help to bring into production many of the thousands of acres of suitable oyster bottoms and direct programs for the protection of other branches of the fisheries. Public oyster beds should from time to time be rehabilitated by the planting of 15 seed and shells. Such a program might be at least partly financed through a revision of the tax on oysters and probably a supplement from other funds. In general, it is reahzed that a program purely regulatory in nature is not sufficient for maintaining and developing the commercial fishery resources of the State. Forestry: The forests of North Carolina constitute an indispensable resource, both as a source of local products and for raw materials for industry. To allow a large percentage of the area of the State to become unproductive or only partly so would be a short-sighted policy and finally result in a shortage in one of our most important natural resources. In spite of outstanding progress in the forestry program of the State, several million acres of forest lands do not yet have organized protection from fire. It is recom-mended that further financial provisions be made to expand the forest fire protection program and to increase the effectiveness of these efforts. Legislation requiring the leaving of a certain number of seed trees in the cutting of timber and also some reasonable cutting regulations to prevent waste is needed. A bill to accomplish these purposes was offered in the General Assembly of 1943 but was lost in the closing days of this legislative body. Reconsideration in the incom-ing General Assembly, particularly in view of the unusually heavy war demands on the forests, is deserved. Terms of Board Members: As now constituted, the Board of Conservation and Development is subject to an entire change in membership each four years. Be-cause of the broad scope of operations covered by the Department and the responsi-bilities of the Board in adopting regulations and passing on other policies, at least part of the membership should consist of men who have become familiar with the subjects covered and the background of the many problems which constantly arise. The Board has recommei^ded, and the Director joins in this recommendation, that the law creating the Board be amended to provide for staggered terms expiring at intervals of two or four years so that a majority of the membership will always be held over. This can be accomplished by providing for different terms for the first group appointed by the Governor. Tryon's Palace Restoration: Through the liberality of Mrs. J. E. Latham, of Greens-boro, provisions have been made for the restoration of Tryon's Palace at New Bern, contingent upon the acquisition of the site. It is recommended that the General Assembly provide $150,000 for this purpose, thus making possible the project. This project has been described by well qualified persons as a "WilUamsburg" on a smaller scale. This project will not only be an outstanding advertising feature for the State but is a sound investment from the standpoint of bringing large revenues in the form of tourist dollars. Added receipts from gasoline taxes contributed bj' tourists who will be attracted to the restored palace will considerably more than amortize the investment which it is proposed that the State make. Stream Pollution: As North Carolina becomes more thoroughly industrialized and as population increases, the problems of waste disposal grow in gravity. It is essential to the welfare of the State that a program be inaugurated for the purpose of working out problems involved in the discharge of wastes in our streams. An approach has been made in this direction in the form of an agreement between various State agencies concerned and the TVA for the study of pollution. This program should be enlarged and equipped for a thorough study and to endeavor to obtain the cooperation of mimicipalities, industries, and all other agencies working on similar problems in other parts of the county. 16 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1942-1944 1943-44 I. Administration: Disbursements: Board Members, Attending Meetings. Director's Office: Salary, Director Salaries, Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph- Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs and Alterations General Expense Equipment Total: Less Receipts: Sale of Publications Game and Fish—Attending Meetings. Total Receipts. Appropriation. . $ 1,265.64 6,000.00 12,963.33 301.26 585.57 403.32 764.28 72.79 190.34 46.64 II Commerce and Industry and Advertising: Commerce and Industry: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph... Travel Expense Printing and Binding General Expense Equipment - Motor Vehicle Operation Motor Vehicle Exchange Repairs and Alterations Workmen's Compensation Total Commerce and Industry Advertising: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph... Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs andAlterations Direct Advertising General Expense. 1,514.59 6,000.00 14,092.24 239.29 698.40 187.55 223.85 94.67 140.95 32.50 412.94 22,811.10 8 12,584.17 8 12,875.19 151.53 152.69 3,195.04 2,498.09 8,350.35 6,493.69 304.94 183.06 321.35 347.05 38.14 43.29 404.66 845.93 947.36 1,131.24 20.35 —632.00 $ 25,685.89 $ 24,570.23 10,026.67 S 10,526.03 1,715.42 1,313.93 1,968.43 1,824.78 1,634.00 1,562.44 5,967.75 5.175.61 45.67 56.21 57,185.80 61,438.01 233.76 852.76 17 APPROPRIATIONS DIYISIONS—Continued 1942-43 1943-44 II. Commerce and Industry and Advertising—Continued: Advertising—Continued: Disbnrsemen ts—Continued: Equipment Kitty Hawk Celebration Motor Vehicle Exchange 567.85 446.12 1,131.24 Total Advertising. S 79,166.33 S 84,894.97 Total Commerce and Industrv and Ad'-'ertising_ Less Receipts: Sale of Publications 104,852.22 151.50 $ 109,465.20 172.44 Appropriation. S 104,700.72 S 109,292.76 III. Water Resources: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph Travel Expense. _-_ Printing and Binding. __ Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey-Chemical- General Expense Equipment 7,749.40 357.93 103.50 1,094.73 21.47 379.53 1,321.29 7,500.00 16.50 111.67 6,041.00 194.05 69.53 464.99 20.51 334.56 52.40 10,000.00 4,000.00 25.50 —129.35 Total Less Receipts: Private Cooperation. Appropriation -S 18,656.02 956.25 ? 21,073.19 862.50 IV. Mineral Resourc.ts: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph Travel Expense. _ Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Equipment Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey—Ground Water Study... Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey—Study of Minerals Survey of Mineral Resources Survey of Mineral Resources—Transferred to Succeeding Year. Motor Vehicle Exchange S- 17,699.77 7,117.82 196.80 158.41 723.21 401.52 435.94 21.20 52.90 1.75 3, 000. CO 3,025.09 2O,OCO.00 5,000.00 946.33 $ 20,210.69 10,627.51 267.60 2C2.46 772. C9 16.64 727.82 5.60 153.33 43.50 3, 000. CO 3,000.00 12,500.00 Total Less Receipts: Transferred from Preceding Year—Survey. Appropriation 41,080.97 5 31,316.55 5,000.00 $ 41,080.97 -S 26,316.55 18 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Con^mued Forest Fire Prevention: Disbursements: Administration: Salaries and Wages. ,_ Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation ,. Repairs and Alterations Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange Workmen's Compensation Employees' War Bonus Total. Cooperative Projects: Salaries—Wardens and Rangers.. Wages—Towermen and Firemen. Expenses—Fire Wardens . Fire Control Equipment Repairs and Alterations Lookout Towers Telephone Lines.. — Buildings Roads and Fire Lines Fire Suppression — Employees' War Bonus Total. District No. l^Asheville: , Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Employees' War Bonus Total. District No. 2—Lenoir: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Rents Total. 9,627.50 102.12 593.4.5 540.70 215.55 576.77 46.24 42.44 2,792.45 442.99 413.18 $ 15,393.39 77,264.69 34,911.95 4,341,94 8,272.34 7,016.85 335.56 1.544.52 1,497.22 1,473.09 8,242.63 5,336.97 1943-44 11,729.48 216.32 700.41 795.74 621.65 637.92 75.60 780.97 3,964.96 506.74 1,052.00 S 150,237.76 4,788.08 145.88 274.36 963.42 120.00 288. CO S 6,579.74 5,045.00 136.75 300.94 1,073.00 282.00 23.50 $ 6,861.19 21,081.79 83,300.54 43,205.63 6,449.80 18,171.99 8,717.73 5,920.56 1,678.66 2,016.10 1,673.37 10,169.73 11,298.88 $ 192,602.99 5,010.00 163.83 228.40 944.74 120.00 676.00 7,042.97 5,115.00 178.54 355.37 1,099.09 570.00 % 7,318. oe 19 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued Forest Fire Prevention—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: District No. 3—Rockingham: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Total. District No. 4—New Bern: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Employees' War Bonus _• Total. District No. 5—Rochy Mount: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Employees' War Bonus Total. . District No. 6—Fayetteville: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Employees' War Bonus Total. District No. 7—Elizabeth City: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone and Telegraph . Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Employees' War Bonus Total. Total Disbursements Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation County Cooperation Private Cooperation War Department Payment— Sandhills Area. 3,175.33 155.36 229.03 566.44 231.60 S 4,358.76 4,160.17 155.83 248.95 699.68 4.50 261.00 S 5,530.13 4,548.17 261.50 293.38 725.93 18.00 288.00 Total Receipts Appbopbiation Forest Fibb Pbetention. 4,443,60 153.38 333.43 745.82 525.68 $ 6,134.£ 6,813.00 230.61 762.53 1,120.00 12.00 384.00 9,322.14 204,418.09 77,150.75 61.752.64 9,677.59 6,201.91 4,768.30 141.93 342.23 715.66 3.94 557.00 S 6,529.06 3,675.00 215.21 332.53 763.12 19.45 459.00 $ 5,464.31 6,775.00 196.55- 711.32 618.07 12.00 733.00 % 9,045.94 3,103.96 121.54 204.90 408.33 283.00 362.62 S 4,484.35 $ 259,771.32 S 95,577.00 71,075.48 11,388.64 6,404.99 5 148,580.98 S 184,446.11 75,325.21 20 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Confenwed 1942-43 1943-44 V-A. Forest Fire Prevention: Supplemental Budget: Critical Defense Areas: Special Emergency Fire Control: Administration: Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation.... Total. Cooj'emtive Projects: Wages—Towermen and Firemen. Expenses—Fire Wardens... Fire Control Equipment Equipment—Repairs Total. Elizabeth City Office: Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Total. Total Speclal Emergency. Emergency Fire Control: Administration: Salaries—Staff Supplies and Materials. .- Travel Expense _. Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation. Equipment Employees' War Bonus.. Motor Vehicle Exchange. 1,080.00 50.12 357.43 187.75 309.78 91.65 108.00 1,C37.40 Total. Cooperative Projects: Wages—Towermen and Firemen. Expenses— Fire Wardens Fire Control Equipment Equipment Repairs Lookout Towers Buildings i-- Roads and Fire Lines Fire Suppression $ 3,222.13 43,725.37 1,164.98 10,334.15 3,971.44 64.73 211.81 Total. Elizabeth City and New Bern Offices: Salaries—Staff Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Motor Vehicle Operation Rents $ 59,472.46 2,489.97 124.09 598.81 160.00 40.00' 167.22 25.21 232.43 545.00 215.00 17,952.60 23.50 18,736.10 9.60 29.64 50.62 19,058.39 2; 556. 73 142.15 563.12 128.94 376.74 23.10 216.00 S 4,006.78 56,184.49 1,429.98 3,368.43 3,777.60 3,714.46 59.28 7.75 542.96 69,084.95 223.35 383.25 400.00. 21 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Confanwed 1942-43 1943-44 V-A. Forest Fire Pre\'ention—Continued: Special Emergency Fire Control — Continued: Elizabeth City and New Bern Offices—Continued: Lights Travel Expense. ._ Employees' War Bonus 9.30 262.96 186.00 Total Total EMBRQENcrr Fire Control. 3,811.83 66.506.42 $ 1,015.90 74,107.63 ToTAi Critical Defense Areas Aircraft Warning Service: Administration: Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expease Motor Vehicle Operation $ 66,506.42 2.00 32.82 19.66 83.80 Total. Field Projects: Wages—A. W. Service Expenses—Fire Wardens and Observers. Equipment Equipment—Repairs Total Total Aircrapt Wabninq Service. Cooperative Projects: Wages—Operator and Helper Expenses—Operator and Helper. Equipment—Purchase Equipment—Repairs Motor Vehicle Operation Total Total Disbursements—Supplement Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation—Special Emergency Federal Cooperation—Emergency Fire Control. Federal Cooperation Aircraft Warning Service.. Private Cooperation—Fire Lanes $ 93,166.02 15.00 69.43 138.28 $ 6,591.77 639.22 31.99 100.62 7,363.60 7,501.88 S 74,008.30 Total Receipts _ Appropriation Forest Fire Supplement. VI. General Forestry: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding General Expense. Equipment Total from Appropriation ._ S 62,806.42 7,501.88 -S 70,308.30 3,700.00 84.43 2,519.78 142.33 27.42 2,689.53 2,773.96 204.00 11.05 2.00 96.01 51.20 364.26 96,304.24 22,758.39 74,107.63 2,773.96 509.10 100,149.08 —3,844.84 ? 5,033.00 S 5,101.37 59.72 29.02 121.73 159.57 99.64 133.42 16.27 846.47 20.00 41.20 2.25 17.00 s 5,352.61 s 6,328.05 22 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Confonwed VII. State Forests and Parks: DisbuTsemenis: Salaries and Wages Labor Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations General Expense Insurance and Bonding Equipment Purchase of land Purchase of Land—Transferred to Succeeding Year. Motor Vehicle Exchange Construction Roads and Trails Buildings and Other Structures Water Sewer Systems - Stores for Resale Construction of Cabins, Morrow Mountain Park Total ._ Less Receipts: Permits State Lakes Park Concessions Bladen Lakes State Forest -- Transferred from Preceding Year (Land) War Department Payment—Sandhills Area. Total Receipts Approprution. VIII. Forest Management and Planting: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Labor . -. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense _ Printing and Binding.- Motor Vehicle Operation.. _ Lights and Power. Repairs and Alterations General Expense .. Insurance and Bonding Equipment 461.26 289.95 169.53 274.69 487.61 83.66 020.31 305.00 087.24 490.59 499 .«7 870.05 ,428.00 450.00 299.95 610.59 57.56 ,205.48 258.65 36,349.99 325.11 4,179.39 $ 4,504.50 ? 31,845.49 ,610.00 ,239.47 ,213.39 665.74 666.99 96.37 ,981.35 275.50 98.16 50.32 42.00 ,507.03 23 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Con it « wed V'lII. Forest Management and Planting—Contvmed: Disbitrstmenls—Continued: Marketing Timber—Bladen Lakes Additions—Mt . Nursery Additions Mountain Nursery—Transferred to Succeeding Year. Employees' War Bonus Total.. _._ _ Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation Sale of Seedlings Bladen Lakes—Land Use Area Transferred from Preceding Year (Land) _ Total Receipts. Appropriation.. IX. MlSCELLANEOrS ACCOUNTS: DiihuTsemenh: Employees' War Bonus Forest Fire, Critical Defense Areas and Management. Total Less Receipts: Receipts—Bladen County Land. Appropriation. Total Disbcrsements. Less Total Receipts. . Total Disbi;rsements feom Appropriation. % 10,477.78 S 13,902.81 2,207.50 1,025.00 474.00 $ 36,423.10 1,965.00 2,542.35 19,791.30 $ 24,298.65 % 12,124.45 2,793.06 8,252.75 1943-44 1,029.74 $ 42,740.66 1,800.00 828.58 32,763.11 1,025.00 $ 36,416.69 6,323.97 $ 6,068.74 17,379.92 $ 546,527.53 249,236.83 $ 297,290.70 6,068.74 5,882.50 186.24 $ 633,056.94 345,011.74 $ 288,045.20 24 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1942-1944 1942-43 Inland Fisheries: Disbursements: Administration: Salary— Supervisor Salaries—Staff Salaries—Wardens Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation General Expense Rents Legal Notices Insurance and Bonding Equipment Total. Morrison Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Buildings and Improvements Total. Murphy Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Buildings and Improvements Total. Stedman Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation... 3,000.00 2.012.00 30,000.00 160.82 119.88 942.35 855.80 409. 8C 65.00 5.00 300. CO 88.55 s 37,959.20 $ 32,906.62 s 3,229.75 S 3,245.75 3,843.98 2,849.91 60.30 72.46 38.40 26.25 259.44 490.99 79.24 94.27 2.32 411.00 71.71 50.11 150.26 189.79 7,735.40 2,363.26 2,424.40 71.26 44.60 731.44 27.35 494.30 87.24 955.94 7,199.79 2,394.65 817.47 107.66 16.90 675.79 25 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Conimwed Inland Fisheries—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Stedman HatcheTy—Continued: Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Hatchery Equipment-.- Buildings and Improvements. Total. Roaring Gap Hatchery: Salaries and Wages.,- Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Buildings and Improvements Total. Boone Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment-.- Total. Harmon Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph- Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment TOTAL-Lake Mattamuskeet: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph- Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Rents-- 1942-43 TOTAL- 830.45 184.05 2.34 5,029.31 2,463.60 2,483.80 50.21 25.00 412.92 146.35 131.00 16.45 75.19 $ 5,804.52 S 2,411.14 $ 3,150.00 30.05 93.72 380.26 41.05 120.00 $ 3,815.08 589.97 413.44 —175.79 60.99 S 5,880.55 2,048.00 2,058.33 59.09 6.00 250.59 107.36 230.63 13.29 200.00 S 4,973.29 « 858. OC S 65.00 1,264.26 200.19 3.24 3.00 132.80 28.92 114.95 10.57 22.15 8.00 15.74 315.68 1,829.40 1,349.10 36.73 20.67 316.01 65.82 866.76 24.64 $ 4,509.13 $ 3,300.00 2.40 75.98 185.03 40.50 120.00 $ 3,723.91 26 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued Inland Fisheries—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Miscellaneous Accounts: Contribution Retirement System. Employees' War Bonus Game: Total. Total Disbursements Less Receipts Sale of Angler's Licenses Transferred from Preceding Year. Miscellaneous Receipts Total Receipts. Credit Balance Forward. Disbursements: Administration and Enforcements: Salary—Commissioner Salary and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation. Repairs and Alterations General Expense Legal Costs Subscriptions and Dues Insurance and Bonding Equipment Total. Game Farms and Refuges: Game Farm—Fayetteville: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Motor Vehicle Operation. i Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Travel Expense ' 1,554.30 3,185.66 4.739.96 $ 7.C21.78 $ 74,694.40 *72. 632.34 30,8C6.32 1.038.46 $ 73,523.71 S 104,477.12 ? 29,782.72 4,800. 129,240. 330. 2,531, 15,456 2.379 1,893 65 499 92 59 1,634 -744 $ 110,736.91 $ 168.238.07 S 159,962.47 2.015.27 912.69 29.50 360.68 354.54 4.25 Total. Game Farm—Pine Forest: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials _ Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Total 11.80 3,688.73 ,367.61 697.68 35.37 2-. 17 239.07 144.25 9.18 ,495.33 * Deposits during fiscal year. 27 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Con^mued 1943-44 Game—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Game Farms and Refuges—Continued: Mount Mitchell Headquarters Project: Supplies and Materials Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Total. Western Refuges: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Total. Deer Survey and Educational Program: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expenses Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation. Total. Holly Shelter and Angola Project: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expenses Motor Vehicle Operation Rental of Dogs Addisions and Betterments Total. Pittman-Robertson Projects: Coordinating Projects: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Equipment 636.09 39.80 10.00 -75.00 358.93 57.40 341.99 610.89 20,908.75 69.54 232.25 303.10 20.09 1,146.52 12. OC S 22,692.25 2,712.75 90.61 335.57 287.05 836.61 439.02 4,701.61 4,690.00 55.38 52.53 271.85 373.97 222.00 5.00 Total. 1$ 5,670.73 758.32 22,717.44 77.31 290.01 480.87 56.79 1,688.86 S 25,311.28 2,407.00 134.65 310.27 345.74 652.49 359.44 S 4,209.59 1,504.60 68.22 35.92 5.90 714.22 345.00 280.00 $ 2,953.86 4,644.11 46.50 22.57 337.05 345.19 434.32 $ 5,829.74 28 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Conhnwed 1942-43 Game—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Pittman-Robertson Projects—Continued: Development of Farm Game Demonstration Units: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials ...-- Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph Travel Expenses Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Total. Research in Farm Game Management: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials . Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expenses Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Employees' War Bonus $ 3,991,39 $ 2,472.26 811.59 174.74 39.96 22.53 142.65 105.91 413.36 347.31 192.00 192.00 s 5,590.95 $ 3,314.75 $ 2,487.83 55.68 6.30 214.93 351.24 18.98 40.65 $ 322.07 Total- S 3,175.61 SCS District—Cooperative Farm Game Project: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph Travel Expenses Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus Total. Fur Resources Investigation: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Employees' War Bonus Total. Water Impoundment Program: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Total. 2,308.80 37.46 12.50 38.23 208.43 65.00 60.80 2,731.22 2.363.90 185.56 S.Ol 1,157.10 9.0C S 3,723.57 29 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Cowfonued 1942-43 1943-44 Game—Continued: Diibursemenis—Continued: Piitman-Rubertson Projects—Continued: Holly Shelter Refuge Deielopment: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph... Travel Expense. Motor Vehicle Operation Employees' War Bonus 4,937.70 290.07 65. C9 9.69 1,(67.86 170.00 Total. S 6,540.41 Study of Deer Management at Holly Shelter: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph Additions and Betterments Total. Goose Creek Land Purchase: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials... Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation. Employees' War Bonus. . Total. Surrey of Ungranied Land: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Matsrials... Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation. Employees' War Bonus.. Total. Uwharrie Deer Restoration: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph. Employees' War Bonus Total. 17.60 1.55 645.59 664.74 882.00 38.45 85.35 66.56 36.00 S 1,107.36 380.00 10.75 68.65 84.81 36.00 580.21 300.00 2.45 30.00 332.45 Total Pittman-Robeetson Projects. Sandhills Refuge—Hoffman: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials... Motor Vehicle Operation. Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations.. Total. S 27,432.49 3,684.15 19.40 356.09 727.91 92.70 $ 4,880.25 S 12,821.03 30 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued Game— Contir.-ued: Disbursements— Continued: Holly Shelter Refuge: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials. Equipment Total. Miscellaneous Accounts: Motor Boats Operation _ Workmen's Compensation Contribution Retirement System. Employees' War Bonus (Pittman-Robertson Projects) . . Lights and Power—Sandhills Total. Total Disbursements . . . Less Receipts: Sale of Hunting Licenses Transferred from Preceding Year Cooperation Federal Government Receipts—Holly Shelter Receipts—Sandhills Refuge Miscellaneous Receipts Rental Pittman-Robertson Equipment. Sale Pittman-Robertson Equipment Total Receipts. Credit Balance Forward. Total Disbursements. Less Total Receipts.. Total Credit Balance Forward. 1942-43 49C.40 » 26.10 51.95 568.45 815.82 607.12 5,051.35 10,438.13 685.45 $ 16,912.42 $ 244,220.49 $ *246,591.3C 60,827.14 23,180.26 1,314.79 4,910.58 900.00 1,310.00 ? 339,034.07 $ 94,813.58 318,914.89 443,511.19 $ 124,596.30 1943-44 $ 658.50 53.55 4,978.89 21,117.09 764.32 312.18 ? 27,120.21 $ 237,413.84 i n90,222-.75 94,813.58 10,289.14 944.48 26,728.66 760.00 $ 323,748.61 $ 86,334.77 $ 310,937.55 i 434,485.52 $ 123,547.97 • Deposits during Fiscal Year. DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Capt. John A. Nelson, Commissioner N. R. Webb, Principal 'Account-Clerk Mary E. Willis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk N. McKeithen Caldwell, District Sanitarian D. M. Davis, Assistant Commissioner Thos. a. Basnight, Assistant Commissioner INTRODUCTION The State of North Carolina takes seriously its obligation to its citizens to pro-tect its natural resources. To this end an agency was established some years ago that would have supervision over the activities of the commercial fisheries and pass rules and regulations which, with the acts of the Legislature, purposed to safeguard this great industry against waste and depletion. The Division of Commerical Fish-eries, Department of Conservation and Development, has always sought the coop-eration of the fishermen and operators in this conservation program that future gen-erations may participate in its blessings. Wise supervision seeks only to pass on to others the real and potential wealth under its control. This has been and will con-tinue to be the primary aim of this Division. FOOD FISH The quantity' of edible fish produced this period exceeds that of the previous pe-riod by more than 15 per cent. This has been done in spite of the many handicaps under which the activities of this industry had to work. The Government has set out certain bounds which have restricted the privilege enjoyed by the fishermen heretofore, and it has deprived them of many of their choicest fishing grounds. This, of course, was recognized to be a necessity and, therefore, the fishermen made the best of it they could. This Department and the fishermen have tried to cooperate with the Government because they knew the conditions imposed were compelled by the exigencies of war. Also, the industry has been crippled no little by the fact that many of the fishermen, as well as their boats, were in the Government service. However, in spite of these handicaps, 91,475,000 pounds of food fish were marketed at a price of $6,434,800 during this period as against a catch last biennium of 86,182,- 000 pounds which brought $3,405,000. All in all, the result of this phase of the in-dustry has been most gratifjang. SHRIMP The thing that will surprise the casual reader most about this activity is the great increase in the price of produce over that of other years. This in not only the case with the shrimp but with every product of the industry. It is not so much the in-crease in production of shrimp that surprises as it is the price that the shrimp brought the fishermen. During this report period, 5,960,000 pounds of shrimp were mar-keted at the price of $590,000 as against a production of 4,147,158 pounds in the previous period which brough $174,180. So it is seen that the percentage of increase of the price of shrimp over the production was more than double. As in practically all activities, fewer men were engaged in shrimping this period than previously. 31 32 MENHADEN Menhaden fishing was affected more by the war situation than any other com-mercial fishing activity. Boats were not allowed to fish at all between Hatteras and the Virginia line where for the past several years between $4,000 and $5,000 has been collected annually from non-resident boats permitted to fish there under the law. Certain sections between Hatteras and Cape Lookout were prohibited to menhaden fishing which has further crippled this activity. As a result of the several restrictions imposed upon menhaden fishermen because of the war conditions, about 25 per cent fewer fish were caught this period than during the previous period but the prices for the fish and their by-products were better than formerly. For this reason the industry was not as greatly affected by the restrictions as it would have been otherwise. The State produced this period 369,490,000 menhaden valued at $2,746,000, and marketed 669,000 gallons of oil and 25,863 tons of scrap. The pre-vious biennium 466,788,000 menhaden, valued at $2,333,940, were caught and 2,675,000 gallons of oil and 32,690 tons of scrap were manufactured. The nine menhaden plants in the State, eight of which are in Carteret County and one in Brunswick, represent an investment of some $1,480,000, the boats $1,500,000 and nets $150,000. OYSTERS The production of oysters from pubhc grounds was greater the last year of this-period than for any other year in the history of this Department, except for the season 1929-30. If the production the first year had been as great the second year the pro-duction for this biennium would have made that of the previous biennium look small by comparison. As it was, there were produced last year 752,268 bushels of oysters which sold for $752,268. These oysters sold at an average of $1.00 per bushel. This is indeed an unusual price for oysters; in fact, they probably have never before brough this price for two seasons in succession. There has been a greater interest shown during the last two years in the cultivation of oysters than for any hke period we have known. Larger quantities of fine quahty oysters have been marketed at prices ranging up to $2.00 per bushel, and at no time has the supply exceeded the demand. CLAMS Probably the biggest surprise of the biennium has been the falling off in the pro-duction of clams. The production has not been Hmited because of the scarcity of clams but lack of demand. The largest canning company in America discontinued buying clams in this State about two years ago because of the opening up of a new supply of clams from the New Jersey coast. The difference in price and expense of getting clams to their plant was the controlling factors in changing their market; and too, one cannery plant in this State that bought large quantities of clams during the last biennium saw fit to cancel its contract with the Government and has canned only enough clams to supply its domestic trade. Mainly because of these two rea-sons, the production of clams fell off 62 per cent. The State produced 75,431 bushels of clams this biennium as against 196,636 bushels for the previous period. ESCALLOPS This activity has been for all practical purposes destroyed because of the killing out of eel grass a number of years ago. This grass shows very few encouraging signs of returning, but until it does we cannot hope for this activity to come into its own 33 as it flourished some 15 years or more ago. Total production of escallops for this biennium was only 2,000 gallons which sold for $4,000. In this connection, however close or remote the relation to eel grass may be, a quantity of Gracilaria Confervoides, a variety of alga or seaweed has been gathered and sold this biennium by the water-men at 25c per pound dry. Upward of 20 commercial uses so far have been found for this seaweed and it is hoped that the laboratory tests or experiments it will be proved of real commercial value and thus a new activity be provided for our water-men. CRABS There has been a marked decrease in the production of soft crabs during this pe-riod but an increase of ten per cent in the production -of hard crabs. The activity of the hard crab is much more important to the crabbers than that of the soft crab because it affects so many counties and so many more people are employed. Only 76,420 dozen soft crabs were marketed this period as against 115,842 dozen the pre-vious period, and 10,000,000 pounds of hard crabs were produced this period at a value of $400,000 compared with 9,000,000 pounds produced in the previous period. REPORT OF DISTRICT SANITARIAN Captain John A. Nelson, Fisheries Commissioner Morehead City, N. C. Dear Captain Nelson: I have the pleasure of submitting to you a brief summary of the activities of the office of Shellfish Sanitation for the biennium ending June 30, 1944. Though the manpower shortage has depleted the ranks of shellfish workers, annual "Certificates of Inspections" have been awarded to an average of 80 shellstock deal-ers, 35 shucking plants and 14 crab meat plants. In spite of a definite shortage of labor and materials, many plants have been remodeled and improved. . A number of new oyster shucking plants are now under construction. Shellfish plant operators have begun to recognize good sanitation as a direct indicator of the degree of success of their businesses. All shellfish houses that have made complete efforts to comply with the adopted State and Federal sanitary regulations are well pleased with the results. North Carolina shellfish plants have taken their places among the leaders in the United States. While the majority of shellfish plants are of small size, some of this State's crab meat plants and clam houses are among the largest on the Atlantic seaboard. Every North Carohna oyster shucking plant was inspected and graded monthly according to the adopted system of scoring. Every clam and oyster shellstock plant was inspected at least bi-monthly. Through sanitary inspection and frequent lab-oratory control work, the shellfish industry has been able to meet the requirements at all times, as set forth by the U. S. PubUc Health Service for inter-State shipping. The production of crab meat has become a leading shellfish activity during the summer months. An average of 14 crab meat plants have been approved during the past biennium. Some of these plants pack more than a thousand pounds of crab meat per day. Monthly sanitary inspections and constant supervision of each plant together with bacteriological examinations of packed crab meat in cooperation with the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, have resulted in complete endorse-ment of North Carolina crab meat for inter-State commerce. Not one shipment has been comdemned. 3 34 Due to the great increase in Armed Forces and civilian populations along the coast-al areas and the accompanying increase in possibility of pollution of shellfish growing waters, a complete sanitary and bacteriological survey was begun May 15, 1944 with the assistance of the Division of Commercial Fisheries of the Department of Con-servation and Development, and the U. S. Public Health Service. Any shellfish growing areas found to be dangerously polluted must be restricted. Constant patrol of the restricted areas adjacent to Morehead City and Beaufort have been main-tained; several individuals have been apprehended and prosecuted for taking shell-fish from the polluted areas. In behalf of the N. C. State Board of Health, I take this opportunity to pay tribute for the wholehearted cooperation and assistance you and the members of your staff have extended me and my co-workers in the performance of our duties. Respectfully submitted, N. McKeithen Caldwell, District Sanitarian, N. C. State Board of Health DIAMOND-BACK TERRAPIN For a number of years there has been no market for diamond-back terrapin, a fact that is hard to understand because the meat is just as good as it ever was. There are more of these shellfish in our waters today than there ever were before, largely because the Government has liberated thousands of young terrapin in our waters yearly. The U. S. Laboratory at Fivers Island, released 7,500 young terrapin in the State during the biennium. PATROL BOATS The Coast Guard still has the John A. Nelson in its service, but the Hatteras has been turned back, and is in service after extensive reconditioning. We are operating with the Albemarle stationed at Edenton, Croatan at Morehead City in place of the John A. Nelson, Ocracoke at Belhaven, Neuse at New Bern, Pungo and Atlantic at Morehead City patrolling the waters of Bogue, Core Sounds and Newport River. 35 KIND, QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH TAKEN IN WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA For the Period July I, 1942 to June 30, 1944 Kind of Fish Spotted Trout. Gray Trout Sea Mullet Blue Fish Mullet Croakers Spots Mackerel Shad He.ring Butters Carp..- Rock or Striped Bass_ Flounders Puppy Drum White Perch Cats Eels Jack Pike Pompano Channel Bass Sheephead Total Food Fish. Shrimp Menhaden (No. Fish). Total Value Fin Fish. No. Pounds 8,872,350 Shellfish Oysters Clams. Soft Shell Crabs Escallops Hard Crabs lO.OCO.OCO ipounds) Diamond-Back Terrapin 3,0C0 (pounds) 752,268 (bushels) S 75,431 (bushels) 76,420 (dozen) 2,000 (gallons) 762,268.00 150,862.00 114,630.00 4,000.00 400,000.00 600.00 Total Value Shellfish $ 1,422,360.00 Totals Value of Fin Fish S 8,872,350.00 Value of Shellfish 1,422,360.00 Total Value Water Products $10,294,710.00 36 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT For Biennium 1942-1943—1943-1944 1942-43 1943-44 Administration and Inspection: Commissioner's Salary Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph- Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Office Rent Insurance and Bonding Equipment Other Sources Attorney's Fees Total. Operation Patrol Boats: Salaries and Wages Supplies Gas and Oils Repairs Equipment Subsistenre i— Docks and Warehouses Marking Fishing Limits Fire Insurance—Patrol Boats. Purchase of Boat Total. Shellfish Sanitation: Supplies and Materiajs. Equipment Total. Otster Demonstration Farm: Salaries and Wages Supplies Insurance and Bonding Subsistence 4,200.00 13,932.90 189.75 411. CI 670.23 197.92 2,759.30 1, COO. 00 88.55 17.47 4,200.00 13,941.65 95.17 349.90 576.95 499.46 2,318.85 1,000.00 80.00 50.00 500.00 s 23,467.13 S 23.611.98 $ 5,635.28 s 7,577.50 2,734.69 2,999.95 1,593.21 1,499.35 4,632.77 1,797.07 450.00 1,056.67 1,203.60 260.36 499.97 297.90 351.20 97.55 90.00 1,800.00 s 18,558.43 s 16,018.64 $ 99.71 62.00 s 105.71 Total- 106.71 1,200.00 277.79 13.50 240.00 1,731.29 37 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS—Confmued 1942-1943 1943-1944 S 1,517.59 5 2,763.00 Transfer to 1944-45 588.00 Total ExPE^^)IT^RES ... s 43,704.86 26,361.23 5 44,818.62 Less Receipts 26,537.54 Appropriation " . ... s -5 17,343.63 5,378.40 4,152.24 102.00 2,03C.80 2,578.64 9,276.25 238.25 2,604.65 .$ 18,281.08 Receipts: Food Fish Licenses and Taxes . . ..... ....... 5 6,767.02 Oyster Licenses and Taxes .. . . 8,332.38 Escallop Licenses and Taxes ... . ... Clam Licenses and Taxes ._ . . . 1,061.45 Crab Licenses and Taxes ... . . 1,878.71 Menhaden Licenses .. . .... ... 5,865.00 Power Boat Licenses ... .. 272.50 Other Sources _. . .. 2,360.48 S 26,361.23 ; 26,537.54 DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY The turn-over in personnel in the Division of Commerce and Industry during the biennium covered by this report has been greater than for any similar period. The technical force at the close of the biennium is entirely different from that at the beginning. Cecil E. Bell, who was made acting chief industrial engineer following his recovery from an accident early in 1942, resigned on March 15, 1943, to accept employment in private industry. Robert W. Redwine, employed on a temporary part-time basis in August 1942, went back on a full-time basis with Eastman, Scott and Company, advertising agen-cy, in August 1944. Philip Schwartz began service with the Division in Spetember 1943 as Industrial Analyst. This position had been open for some time because it had not been possible to find a person for the place. In November 1942, Paul Kelly, Assistant Director of the Department, was put in charge of the Division, as industrial engineer, and has been serving in this capacity since that time. J. E. Coad, Secretary of the Special Committee on War Industrial Coordination, has worked with the Department since the organization of this group in May 1942. The worR of this committee has been closely allied with that of the Division, and its activities have been financed from appropriations made to the Division. At no time during the biennium has the Division had more than half of the force provided for in the budget. The inavailability of men equipped by education and training has been the prevailing reason why vacancies in the staff have not been filled. This factor, has, of course, limited severely the program of the Division. Broadly, the activities of the Division have been carried forward during the bi-ennium under three headings, as follows: (1) General industrial and commercial promotion (2) Mineral promotion and (3) War contracts. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROMOTION Under war conditions, the work of this Division has passed through various phases. Immediately after the outbreak of hostilities and before that time under lend-lease, the major emphasis was on the conversion of existing industries to war production and also on the expansion of facilities for all-out production. Conversion, under the guidance and with the assistance of various Federal agen-cies with the active cooperation of Gov. J. M. Broughton, the State Committee on War Industrial Coordination, the Division of Commerce and Industry, and various other agencies, went along rapidly. At least partly because there were few of the heavier industries in North Carohna and therefore a limited background in this type of industry, with a few notable ex-ceptions, relatively few strictly war industries have been located in the State. The Division consistently, through advertisements, personal contacts in Washing-ton, and other means called attention to the facilities in the State for increased war production in the form of additional plants. The Division was partly instrumental in helping to bring some plants to North Carolina which otherwise might have gone elsewhere. In a large number of cases, if not in a majority, new war plants were built around existing plants as a nucleuses. With few of the heavier industries operat- 38 39 ing in the State, there were only a limited number of units which could be expanded. Further, the State had few industriahsts and only a limited amount of labor with the manufacturing background in the heavy industries, and it was necessary to bring much of the technical force from other States as well as to train labor in new lines. The Division, during the period when most of the new plants for war production were being estabhshed, devoted most of its efforts toward helping to find locations for war plants. There efforts, in conjunction with other agencies, did result in the establishment of some new plants in North Carolina. In almost every case these plants were branches of other plants which found it necessary to expand operation in order to fill war contracts. With building materials critically short and labor vitally needed for production, the location of new manufacturing facilities has depended, in North Carolina, largely upon the availability of industrial buildings and local labor. Even before the out-break of war, the Division maintained a file of manufacturing space but when de-mands for buildings increased, efforts to find manufacturing space were redoubled. The Division has maintained constant contacts with communities throughout the State to keep industrial building data current. The establishment of several indus-tries during this period grew directly out of calling existing buildings to the attention of industrialists and following up these leads. During the latter part of the biennium, the thoughts of industrialists were turning more specifically toward reconversion and postwar planning. A number of firms, having completed or about to complete war contracts, are faced with immediate reconversion problems. Many of the large companies have assigned personnel to postwar plans and are giving careful study to these questions. Plant Locations: During the period covered by this report, the Division has helped a number of manufacturers to find locations for permanent operations. In every case, the Division has worked with Chambers of Commerce or similar local organi-zations. Some of these plants, having found required buildings are now in operation while others are waiting until building materials and labor are vailable. Although specific information is not available in all cases, the construction costs of plants for industries which have decided to come into the State may conservatively be esti-mated at between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000. On the basis of preliminary information, these new and proposed plants will fur-nish permanent employment to some 3,000 workers. In addition to those companies which have definitely announced plans for postwar operations in North Carolina and which have become established during this report period, several others are actively considering locations in the State. In most of these cases representatives of the cqmpanies visited the State for a personal survey of general conditions and specific sites. Some of the companies have indicated their preference for North Carolina and have optioned sites or have given more or less definite indications that they will be-come established in the State. Successful culmination of negotiations with the executives of these firms would result in the investment of several million dollars in new buildings and the employment of around 2,500 additional workers. It is expected that probably a majority of the war plants that have been located in North Carolina will continue some permanent operation in the State. Some of them are manufacturing materials which will have wide civilian use. Others are giving definite consideration to new lines to be followed after the termination of their present contracts. The Division and other agencies, including the State Plan-ning Board and local groups, are assisting in studies looking toward conversion to 40 permanent operations. In cases where the operating firms do not continue use of the buildings, these facilities are expected to be available for other companies. These buildings, in a majority of instances, were not in use before the war, and have been improved and put into condition for occupancy. These improvements will make them more suitable for postwar occupancy than before, and the problem of finding an industry to make use of the facilities will be greatly simplified. MINERAL PROMOTION North Carolina has long been widely known for its wide variety of minerals, but only a limited number of these have been produced com.mercially. War increased many fold the demand for most types of mineral products. Seizure by the enemy early in the war of the sources of some of the more important minerals and the short-age of shipping facilities brought about greatly accelerated mineral prospecting and investigations. The Division of Commerce and Industry, cooperating with the Division of Mineral Resources, carried out an active mineral development program to help supply badly needed materials of war and to develop the resources of the State. Governor Broughton authorized H. A. Brassert and Company of New York to make a study of the coal, iron, and olivine with the objective of bringing about their development. From this survey and from other projects which followed has devel-oped considerable information which, it is believed, will lead to the commercial pro-duction of additional minerals in the State. Iron: A great deal of time was devoted to the iron resources of the State with the particular objective of helping to find a source of ores to relieve the threatened serious shortage which developed early in the war. This project was pursued vigorously following the preliminary Brassert report which is credited with bringing about wide-scale drilUng and other exploratory work. These explorations indicate, as far as they have gone, that North Carolina has substantial and important deposits of iron ore. Laboratory work now being done is expected to show that these iron ores may constitute an important source for future use. Coal: Considerable attention has likewise been given to the Deep River Coal field. Surveys and exploratory work have proved that North Carolina has in the Deep River area coal reserves running into the millions of tons. This coal. North Carolina's only known large source of mineral fuel, is of high volatile content. Broad scale development of the field will be of tremendous ad-vantage to the industrial and economic future of the State by furnishing a convenient source of by-products and other industrial uses.- As a result of the Department's advertising program and activities of this Divi-sion, contacts have been made and negotiations opened between the owners and prospective developers of the coal field. Mica: Representatives of the Division worked with the industry, officials of other mica producing states, the Division of Mineral Resources, and various Federal agen-cies, including the Truman Committee, toward increasing the output of mica which at one period was classed as the most critical war material. The price of domestic mica was approximately doubled. Several out-of-state mica producers were interested in North Carolina and one of these is said to have become the largest single producer in the State. Some 70 per cent of the domestic output comes from North Carolina. 41 Magnesium: For several years this Division has worked toward the development of the State's extensive olivine deposits, a source material for magnesium. Two pilot plants utilizing North Carolina olivine as raw material for magnesium are now in operation. One of these plants, at Muscle Shoals, was set up by the Tennessee Valley Authority, with which the Department has worked for several years. The other plant is under the direction of Dr. Fritz Hansgirg, at Black Moun-tain College. The Division assisted Dr. Hansgirg in getting this plant set up. Some of the country's largest metallurgical industries are advertising magnesium, because of its light weight and toughness as the "metal of tomorrow." It is the behef of many persons who seem to be in a position to know, that a considerable proportion of the facihties for producing magnesium for war use will not be able to stand postwar competition and will be discontinued. With almost inexhaustible quantities of high quahty magnesium ores available in North Carohna, the future appears to hold out promise for the development of olivine when an economical and competitive method for producing magnesium from this source is proven. Mineral Investigations: One of the recommendations of the Brassert report was for further exploratory work, particularly on iron and coal. The Division followed up this recommendation, working with and through the Boykin Steel Shortage Com-mittee of the National House of B,epresentatives, the U. S. Bureau of Mines, and members of the North CaroUna delegation in Congress. Funds were set up in the Bureau of Mines for mineral exploration, and allotments were made for various North Carohna projects including iron, coal, and other min-erals. Out of this appropriation, the U. S. Bureau of Mines, is establishing at N. C. State College in Raleigh an experimental mineral laboratory. It is contemplated that this laboratory will be staffed by some 30 technicians. Its objective is to develop the use pattern whereby minerals from North Carohna and neighboring states can be utilized in the most effective manner. The Bureau has established at Salisbury a sponge iron experimental plant. Here are centered the Bureau's experiments in making sponge iron by the brick kiln meth-od. The Bureau also contemplates pilot plant experiments in the making of sponge iron by methods other than the brick kiln process at State College in Raleigh. In this connection there will be built at State College by the Bureau, as part of the new experiment station, a small open hearth furnace. WAR INDUSTRIAL COORDINATION Effective utilization of all industrial capacity in the country has been one of the basic wartime problems This naturally involved the temporary discontinuation of certain lines of manufacture and slackening production in other hnes, thus making available greater facilities and labor for the more essential items. These changes could not, of course, be carried out without some disruptions and losses. In order to minimize the public and private losses in conversion to war pro-duction in North Carohna, Governor Broughton on June 15, 1942, appointed a Com-mittee on War Industrial Coordination and a secretary to carry out its program. This activity was financed through the appropriations made to the Division of Com-merce and Industry and set up to work through and in conjunction with the Division. 42 Personnel of this committee, which has served without financial remuneration of any kind, is as follows: m- J. Ed Millis, Chairman, High Point Dr. Ben F. Royal, Norehead City Russell F. Hall, Vice Chairman, Greensboro J. Vivian Whitfield, Wallace T. Henry Wilson, Drexel L. Y. Ballentine, Varina John K. Barrow, Zebulon Josh L. Home, Jr., Rocky Mount Frank Daniels, Raleigh Walter J. Damtoft, Canton J. Wesley Jones, Statesville Charles A. Cannon, Concord • Ex-Officio P. H. Hanes, Winston-Salem Governor J. Melville Broughton Col. Robert Baker, Greensboro Irving F. Hall Wm. D. Carmichael, Chapel Hill R. Bruce Etheridge T. J. Hackney, Wilson Paul Kelly Harry Straus, Brevard J. T. Hiers, Wilmington The general program of the Committee at its first meeting was approved on June 30, 1942, as follows: 1. To render every possible assistance to industries throughout the State to keep our plants in operation during the war. 2. To extend every practicable aid to those plants equipped to handle War Con-tracts toward securing such contracts. 3. In the case of certain other plants, where conversion of equipment or materials is needed, to render help in their program and toward the solution of their problems. 4. Endeavor to bring to North Carolina such war industries and projects as may well fit into our facilities and conditions. Furniture: Among the major industries of the State, it appeared from the begin-ning of the program that furniture would probably be affected more than most other lines, hence, much time was devoted to helping to obtain contracts and in converting over to other Unes. Among contracts which the Committee helped to obtain were for desks, chairs, dormitory furniture, hospital tables, camp furniture, refrigerators, file cabinets, navy furniture, tent stakes, army cots, pigeon coops, ship fenders, mu-nition boxes. Assistance was also given to some plants in obtaining contracts for the manufacture -of aircraft parts. Some received orders for small boats or parts. Farm Implements: On August 24, 1942, manufacturers of farm implements were called together, 17 of the 23 in the State being represented. The purpose of the meeting was to consolidate efforts to obtain increased quotas for production. Dur-ing the following two months, a special sub-committee was able to work out substan-tial increases and in several cases operations were able to continue on even a larger scale than before. Wood Products: At the meeting of the Committee at Wilmington, November 20, 1942, special attention was given to the extremely pressing problems involved in the supplying of wood in its various forms for essential purposes. Governor Brough-ton subsequently named a special committee to help in the situation, the purpose being to assist in getting a supply of wood in its various forms to war projects, to help solve manpower problems, to aid lumber and veneer mills to increase produc- 43 tion and to work with governmental agencies in the matter of price ceilings, priori-ties, and regulations affecting timber production and distribution. Named on this committee were: John K. Barrow, Zebulon G. N. Hutton, Hickory T. Henry Wilson, Drexel C. W. Green, Elizabethtown Walter J. Damtoft, Asheville A. S. Carpenter, Laurinburg J. W. Foreman, EUzabeth City J. T. Ryan, High Point J. H. L. Myers, Oxford Henry Foscue, High Point Clarence English, Asheville Dr. Ben F. Royal, Morehead City Camouflage: War items obtained for production by North Carolina manufacturers were many and varied. Three companies were set up for the production of cam-ouflage, and some 35 per cent of the entire Nation's need was supplied by these North Carolina firms. Collectively, these firms have been able to keep steadily emploj-ed more than 1,500 persons since early in February 1943. The program is at the time still carrying on and should continue well after January 1, 1945. Ship Fenders: Ship fenders, which had previously been made out of rattan, were required to be made from saplings. One of the first firms in the Nation to start large production in this field was a North CaroUna furniture company which is still manufacturing ship fenders in large quantities. It has produced more than 50 per cent of the government needs in this line and has employed upward of 500 workers. Wooden Boats: Six different companies have been engaged in the manufacture of wooden boats. Assistance in obtaining contracts has been given on several occasions. Consistent efforts have been made to keep steady production in this field. Parachutes: Assistance was given to five companies in obtaining contracts for the manufacture of fragment parachutes. In order that these companies might s-tep up the production in these required items, it was necessary to assist them in obtain-ing special heavy power sewing machines. Machines were made available to three other companies engaged in war production. Seaweed: Cooperation was given the Krim-Ko Cornpany of Chicago in an effort to assist in establishing their company in North Carolina for the production of agar. In late 1943, this company engaged fishermen in the vicinity of Morehead City and Beaufort to collect 50,000 pounds of the seaweed known as Gracilaria from which the company extracted agar, used in bacteriological work, as an emulsifier, in films, and for many other purposes. Fishermen and other residents of communities from which the seaweed has been gathered received several thousand dollars for their work. Seaweed is gathered during spare time and over a period of several months. While the seaweed is now being processed elsewhere, the officials of the company promise that, as soon as the war is over, they will establish their plant in North Caro-lina and manufacture their product here. Surveys prove that there is an abundance of this weed along the shores of North Carolina—probably enough to supply the peacetime needs of the Nation. The country before the war was dependent largely on Japan for this product. Dr. Glesinger: The attention of the Wood Products Committee was called to the enormous waste of forest products and the suggestion was made that something be done to utilize the waste of the wood working plants and in the forest. A member of our committee, T. Henry WOson, reported that a prominent official of the Waste Wood UtiUzation Committee of Europe was in the United States and asked the Secretary to try to find him and, if possible, employ him to make a state-wide survey 44 on the utilization of waste wood products. This man was contacted at Fortune Magazine and was found to be Dr. Egon Glesinger, a well known authority on waste wood utilization. A proposition was received from him for a state wide survey. The committee was faced with the problem of raising several thousand dollars. When approached as to a plan for raising this money, Mr. Wilson offered to provide the required sum. It was largely through his generosity that the program was carried forward. Port of Wilmington: Late in 1943, the Secretary assisted a committee from Wil-mington in presenting a request to the U. S. Shipping Board, to make Wilmington a Port of Entry and that it be given certain Federal ships for loading with lend-lease cargoes. A grant from the Shipping Board was made, and since November 1, 1943, there have been three boats per month loaded at Wilmington and three return car-goes S3nt back to that port from the war zone. New Industries: During the latter part of 1943, assistance was given in the open-ing of a new industry at Mount Airy, the Laurel Bluff Mills, producing parachutes and underwear for the government. This company has gone steadily on and is proving a valuable asset to that communitj^ Acquisition of power sewing machines, plus machines from the Welco Shoe Com-pany, made possible the opening of a plant at Waynesville which has gone steadily along as a new and promising industry. Late in November 1943, information was received that the Strickland Aircraft Company was moving from Topeka, Kansas. The company officials were interested in coming to the State, and early in January located at High Point where they have been steadily in production of war materials. The company is now employing 350 workers. Print Paper Mill Project: During the past several months of this year, brochures covering suggested locations for print paper mills in the State have been submitted to prospects. Close contract has been kept with the Southern Newspaper Publishers Association and with the railroads in an effort to establish a print paper mill in the State. While no definite results in this line can as yet be reported, there is some hope that North Carolina may have such a mill in the future. Fiber Board: Through contacts established through Dr. Glesinger, active contacts have been maintained with fiber board manufactueres with the hope that eventaully one of these mills will come to North Carolina. Much encouragement in this direc-tion has been received. Forest Products Laboratory: Considerable work has been done with Secretary Claude Wickard, U. S. Department of Agriculture, looking to the estabhshment of a Forest Products Laboratory in North Carolina. There are hopes that provisions will be made for this project by the next Congress. This would provide a laboratory similar to the one now located at Madison, Wisconsin. War Production Board: This office has maintained a very fine cooperative relation-ship with all branches of the War Production Board and the Smaller War Plants Board. Active cooperation was given by Irving F. Hall, and by T. J. Love, of the War Production Board. A similar relationship, has existed with the Smaller War Plants Board. The relationship of this office with C. E. McCallum has been splendid. ANALYSES AND STATISTICS Little could be accomplished toward the promotion of the industrial and com-mercial growth of the State without the guidance of compiled facts for presentation to the prospect. The individuals with which the Division deals are sound, deep- 45 thinking business men to whom must be presented a clear and thorough case on the advantages of a new location. In almost every case, the prospect has a special problem. At times it is necessary to work up rather comprehensive briefs, giving facts pertinent to his problems. To meet these demands it is necessary to keep extensive files on many subjects and to reach out to diverse soiu-ces for data. Until ten months before the end of the biennium, the Division was without the services of an analyst. This made it necessary for each engineer to work up data applying to each prospect, in addition to maintaining contacts and his sales efforts with the prospect. One of the most important duties of the analyst, particularly during the period of shortage of building materials, has been to find and keep a record of available build-ings throughout the State. This has been accomplished by means of questionnaires, personal contacts, news items, and through real estate agents, Chambers of Com-merce, municipal officials, owners, and others. Several new industries for the State have come as a direct result of these building records. Had there been more manu-facturing space available, there is no doubt that additional plants could have been located. Even near the close of this biennium after it would seem that most war needs might have been provided, there has continued a demand for industrial buildings. Some of these were for space for manufacturing special war products and others were for forward-looking manufacturers preparing for postwar operations. However, toward the close of the biennium, more inquirers were studjdng sites for postwar building projects. This has emphasized the need for additional studies to show the advantages and facihties of numeroous sites and the collection of data for various requirements such as labor, water, power, sewage disposal, transportation, taxes, etc. Comprehensive files are being built up on these subjects and broken down for communities and particular sites. Dinnerware Bulletin: In September 1943, the Division began the preparation of Bulletin No. 44, "Economic Opportunities for the Production of Semi-porcelain Dinnerware in North Carolina." Basic data were furnished by the T.V.A. and valuable cooperation was given by the Division of Mineral Resources and the De-partment of Ceramics of N. C. State College. Tliis bulletin was completed and ready for distribution at the close of the bien-nium. It has been distributed widely through the ceramics industry, to interested communities, engineers, and numerous other sources. As a result, several manu-facturers have become interested and have signified their purpose of looking over the field in person to consider locations. It is beUeved that this bulletin has laid a sound foundation from which the industry will become established in the State in the future. Because of the growing importance of plastics in the economy of the country, a general brief has been prepared for the information of manufacturers who might be interested in the State. Some active prospects have been developed as a result. Industrial Directory: The most recent industrial directory of North Carolina was issued in 1938. This publication carried the names and locations of the various manufacturing and commercial enterprises of the State and basic data on each coun-ty. The list is now out of date, particularly in view of the numerous war changes and those which will come after the close of hostilities. It is most desirable that a revised issue be printed soon after the close of the war as an inventory of the State industrial structure, a guide to buyers of North Carolina products, and as information helpful to manufacturers considering locations. An 46 industrial directory presents a tangible picture of industrial progress and at the same time shows lines logical for development. Preliminary work on this project has been underway in the Division for some time. Studies of Postivar Sites: In order to fill requests for information concerning pro-spective sites for industries which are prosecuting active studies for permanent loca-tions, the Division has started a file on this subject. Data are being assembled, particularly for the use of those industries which have special water requirements, both as to volume and quality. The file on these and other sites also will contain information on transportation facihties, raw materials, power, labor supply, taxes, and other subjects in which the prospect may be in-terested. Alreadj' some of these sites have been purchased and plants are planned when building restrictions are hfted. New Construction Data: The number of sound business enterprises looking toward definite community interest in their plant appears to be increasing. The Division has in several instances been requested to ascertain what communities wUl erect i industrial buildings on a lease basis. Most of the firms with which the Division is dealing are well able to put up their ' own buildings but they believe that they will be able to tie in closer with the com-munity if it has an actual stake in the operation. In addition, there are some worthy enterprises, headed by well qualified executives, which need some financing either for space or for initial operations. In order to be of assistance to groups of this nature, the Division has canvassed either by personal contact or other means most of the communities in North Caro-lina to ascertain if they would be interested in such propositions. Industrial Brochure: As soon as necessary personnel can be had, it is the plan of the Division, with the cooperation of the News Bureau, to issue an attractive and well illustrated brochure on the general industrial attractions of North Carohna. The proposed publication would be one to command the attention of busy execu-tives and for distribution to a selected list. Its nature would be such as to impress the business man and to prompt further inquiries fitting his particular requirements . Special Briefs: Briefs to show the advantages for specific industries in North Caro-lina are compiled from time to time by the'Division. Several briefs of this nature have been prepared during the biennium and others are contemplated. One of these, showing the advantages for meat packing, was assembled and circulated to leading meat packers of the country. General data were compiled for distribution to the plastics industries. Informa-tion of interest to pulp manufacturers was mailed out to companies it is hoped to interest in North Carohna locations. Later it is contemplated that briefs of similar nature may be worked up on starch and glass-making possibiUties. Since all briefs must be based on facts sufficiently concrete to attract the interest of business men, considerable research and study is required. POSTWAR PLANNING Because of its limited staff, the Division has not found it possible to go deeply into this subject. The time of limited personnel has been occupied, to a major ex-tent in servicing and following up active prospects interested both in immediate facilities for war production or in projects to be carried out at the close of hostilities. With the reactivation of the State Planning Board, a new source of helpful indus-trial information has developed and the two agencies are working in close coopera- 47 tion. The Planning Board has already placed on its schedule several research prob-lems which should be of material aid to the Division. It is felt that the field of the Division is primarily in the mechanics of promoting the development of industry and commerce in the State while the Planning Board provides data gathered by research for use by the Division and other agencies. The field of operations of the two agencies is, therefore, complementary and not dupUcating. Indications are that more industries will choose locations in the near future than in any similar period in the history of the country. Supporting this beUef have been announcements by some large plants of their purpose to decentrahze operations. Many new products or refinements of old products will come into production as soon as permitted. Numerous manufacturers are faced with the necessity of discarding obsolete machinery and plants, and some of these are contemplating new locations. Other manufacturers want to get nearer to sources of raw materials and to markets for their products. These factors add up to an unusual opportunity for North Carolina to sell the State to such prospects. Competition is keen between the States and those which wage aggressive campaigns and follow up closely on their prospects will profit most in creating new wealth for the people. STATE ADVERTISING A preponderance of the State advertising funds during the biennium has gone into industrial copy. The program was planned and carried out under the direction of the Division by the Advertising agency. Particular efforts have been made to keep the theme of the advertising timely as was the case when copy set forth the belief that sponge iron, a potential North Caro-lina product, could help in reUeving the war steel shortage. This advertisement initiated a program which has led to a comprehensive study of the mineral possibili ties of the State. The advertising copy has varied widely. Some advertisements have called atten-tion to general advantages offered to industry by North Carolina and others have suggested and given basic reasons why specific industries are suited to the State. These include dinnerware, plastics, wood using industries, food processing, and nu-merous others. STEAM POLLUTION As population grows and the number of industries increases, the problem of the discharge of municipal and industrial wastes into the streams becomes greater. ReaUzing this fact, the Department and other State agencies have joined hands with the Tennessee Valley Authority for the purpose of initiating a program looking forward to the solution of these problems. It is realized that the questions involved are broad and far-reaching, but it is hoped that these initial steps will lead to a con-structive program. The agencies concerned plan to work with industries and, wherever possible, help in the solution of their problems. Much can be accomplished through this form of cooperation. DIVISION OF FORESTRY Since World War II continued throughout the Biennium, our major efforts have naturally been directed toward helping in every possible way with the war effort. The gradual loss of most of the trained and experienced supervisory personnel and the substitution with men less familiar with the work and the conditions, when they can be had, has seriously affected both the amount and the effectiveness of the work accomplished. It is, therefore, a satisfaction to report that everyone in the Division has carried on to the best of their abiUty without complaining. The following changes have occurred: Personnel. Roger D. Huff, who since November 1938, has been loaned to the State by the U. S. Forest Service for help in advising land-owners on timber manage-ment problems, was in October 1942 taken on part time for a Federal Timber Pro-duction Census in the State; and on August 1, 1943, he was withdrawn from State Supervision and assigned as Assistant Area Forester of the Timber Production War Project. Since office space was given this organization. Huff has still been readily available for advice and help. In October 1943, W. C. Finley, of Michigan, was offered a position with the Di-vision to continue the management work with private land-owners which Huff had been doing. He was to come at a moderate salary as soon as he could make the necessary arrangements. Arriving on November 15, 1943, he staj'^ed only to the end of the year when he left to accept a position with the American Walnut Manu-facturers Association. Thomas W. Morse went into the Navy on March 7, 1944. It was not until June 1 that the services of Rubee J. Pearse, of Raleigh, were secured to superinlend the State Park program until Morse's return. Pearse is a graduate of Cornell College and Harvard University School of Landscape Architecture. He has had wide ex-perience in design and construction in several of the Southern States. During the interim, a large part of the direction of the branch of State Parks devolved upon P. A. Griffiths, owing to the illness of the State Forester. L. L. Miller, Acting Assistant Superintendent of Parks since C. C. Stott began active service with the Army in March 1941, resigned as of April 15, 1944. Harold C. Bolick of Raleigh, a graduate of State College in Landscape Architecture, with nine years experience as landscape architect with the State Highway and Public Works Commission, was secured to take Miller's place, and reported for work May 1 . There has been much change in supervisory personnel in the Fire Control Branch. J. R. Spratt, Chief Inspector, was given leave of absence on February 1, 1943, for the duration and is now with the Navy. Paul W. Tillman, the Senior District For-ester, was promoted to take his place. This left all of the districts to be supervised by men who have been only a short time in the State Forest Serivce. W. L. Brewer, Jr., employed April 5, 1944 at Rockingham, took Tillman's place as District Forester at FayettevUle November 1, 1943, and J. H. Ruff was employed as District Forester at Rockingham on October 1, 1943. The other districts are now supervised by men promoted from the position of District Ranger. At Lenoir, M. M. Young (resigned Sept. 30, 1942) was succeeded by A. D. Williams, formerly County Warden of Burke; at Rocky Mount, R. L. Westerfield (resigned to enter 48 49 Army Sept. 80, 1943) was succeeded by E. C. Ferebee, District Ranger at Rocky Mount; and the new Elizabeth City District was placed in charge of M. M. Carstar-phen, formerly County Warden of Edgecom.be, on Sept. 1, 1943. Carstarphen en-tered the Navy two months later. The employment of Archie B. Smith as Ranger Inspector Jan. 1, 1943, working out of the Raleigh office, chiefly on War Emergency Projects, added a much needed official to the Forest Fire Control staff. Education The lack of personnel has prevented anj^ progress in the educational program. The services of Dr. W. H. Wheeler, Chief Lecturer of the U. S. Forest Service, were secured for a series of lectures in the upper Coastal Plain from Spetember 28 to Oc-tober 2, 1942. He gave ten lectures in five cormties to some 1,500 students and adults. Mr. Griffiths accompanied him on these trips. Since that time Dr. Wheel-er, who during the past 20 j^ears, has instructed and entertained manj^ audiences in this State, has retired. Occasional illustrated lectures and talks have been given by Griffiths and the State Forester gave a paper on "Birds as Foresters," which was published in "Chat.'> Publications. There has been little opportunitj- of preparing material for pub-lication, much as some informational bulletins are needed. In March 1943, Circular No. 25, "Suggestions for Managing Woodlands and Marketing Forest Products," prepared by Roger D. Huff, when working in cooperation with the Division, was issued in an edition of 2.000 copies. This has been distributed to parties seeking information, especially those who may be interested in better forest managem.ent. Following the special appropriation of SI,000 by the General Assemblj^ of 1943 to cover the cost of a new edition of "Common Forest Trees, " some small corrections and amendments were made, especially in adding half a dozen species to those de-scribed and in appending lists of less important trees and some introduced trees. An edition of 15,000 copies was printed by the Owen G. Dunn Company of New Bern, who did an excellent job. The seventy-six cuts used were nearly aU borrowed from the U. S. Forest Service and from the State of Florida. Since the books were not received until nearlj^ the end of the school year, in the spring of 1944. distribu-tion was mostly held up until school work gets underway in the fall. Timher Farms Program. At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the North Carolina Forestry Association in Raleigh, May 17, 1943, the resignation of Colin Spencer of Carthage as president was accepted and Dr. C. F. Korstian, Dean of the Duke School of Forestry, was elected in his place. Mr. Spencer has for two years been extremely active in carrying on the office of president and it was only due to a serious illness that he found it necessarj^ to hand in his resignation. One of the Association's important projects is cooperation with the Southern Pine Association in the offering of awards to woodland owners who handle their property on. a con-servative basis. This "Timber Farms Program" recognizes, with a certificate of award, the owner of woodland who is practicing forestry as a settled policy in the management of his timber crops. A committee composed of a Federal Forester, the Extension Forester and the State Forester, representing the three chief public forestry agencies, was appointed to make final recommendations on applicants for the award. It is thought that this project will do much to bring about better man-agement of private woodlands in this State. At the annual meeting of the Associa-tion held in Raleigh May 17, 1944, the first ten Timber Farm Awards were announced. The Southern Pine Association will; urnish notice boards to be placed conspicuously 50 on the property announcing this honor. Successful candidates for these awards are being announced in the excellent quarterly journal of the North Carolina Forestry Association, "Forest Notes." Leoislatjon Very little legislation relating to forestry was enacted by the General Assembly of 1943. Chapters 660 and 661 of the Session Laws of 1943 slightly amended exist-ing laws relating to forest fires, the former removing a legal restriction on the au-thority of County Commissioners to allot funds for fire control, and the second, in-creasing the penalty for setting fire "with willful or malicious intent to damage the property of another." Two proposed measures of considerable importance were not enacted. At the request of Representative E. S. Askew, a former member of the Board of Conserva-tion and Development, a bill was drawn up requiring the leaving of seed trees in timber harvesting operations. Some other provisions looking to better cutting prac-tices were also included. After several amendments, the Bill passed the House with unexpectedly strong support. The rush of business at the close of the Session was. probably largely responsible for its failure to be enacted. A bill to establish one legal rule for measuring saw timber was sponsored by the Weights and Measures Division of the Department of Agriculture in which the Di-vision of Forestry was interested. This Division was asked its opinion as to which was the fairest log rule to both buyer and seller of timber, and the International ( !4 inch Kerf) log rule was unhesitatingly recommended. This rule gives contents of logs equivalent to what large or small mills of average efficiency can cut out of them. This is in contrast to the Doyle rule, used largely by timber buyers in eastern North Carolina, which gives 50 per cent and less of actual content for logs nine inchea and under, up to 88 per cent of 20 inch logs, which sizes include practically all of our second growth timber. The bill would have made illegal the sale of round timber by any other rule. This measure will no doubt be revived in some form when the war is over because a just and definite standard of measurement is desirable. It would seem that the almost world-wide practice of measuring all forms of timber content should be generally adopted in this country. Cutting Practices Bill Recommended. Following the recommendation of the State Forester that consideration be given to the preparation of a tentative bill to bring about better cutting practices in the State, the Board of Conservation and Develop-ment, at its regular July, 1943 meeting, adopted the following resolution: "The Board recognizes the universal demand for conservation of our forest resources, as well as widespread interest in possible public regulation of forest practices on private lands. It, therefore, requests the State Forester to obtain and furnish to members of the Forestry and Parks Committee copies of recent laws enacted by the States of Maryland and Massachusetts on this subject. Copies of other similar proposals, together with opinions upon possible value thereof to North Carolina are hkewise requested." This same subject has also been under consideration by special com-mittees of the Appalachian Section of the Society of American Foresters and the North Carolina Forestry Association. It is hoped that the united efforts of these agencies will result in an effective bill acceptable ahke to land-owners and the Gen-eral Assembly. Federal Relations National Forest Acquisition. This Department has been kept informed of the progress of the Federal acquisition program as relating to the National Forests.. 51 Practically no funds have been available for Federal acquisition during the war and only a few tracts already provided for were purchased. One of these was a property just north of Lake Tahoma in McDowell County, adding some eleven hundred acres to the Pisgah National Forest. The tabulation Vjelow gives the method of acquisi-tion and the area of National Forest Lands in North Carolina as of June 30, 1944: Unit Acquired by Pur-chase or Exchange (Acres) Transferred to Nat'l For-est by other Agencies (Acres) Total U. S. Land as of 6-30-44 (Acres) Under Contract but not Acquired (Acres) Total when Con-tract com-pleted (Acres) Cherokee Croatan Nantahala Pisgah Uwharrie 327 123,364 342,533 465,480 36,809 24,171 454 327 123,364 366,704 465,934 36,809 32 12,275 327 123,396 378,979 465,934 36,811 Totals 968,513 24,625 993,138 12,309 1,005,447 * Two thousand five hundred and nineteen acres of purchased land which has been transferred to Navy Department not included. Timber Production War Project. In the spring of 1943 when the Government was getting uneasy about the serious decHne in production of timber products essential for war, the War Production Board proposed a "Forest Products Service," with power to take over mills, timber, equipment and labor if necessary to increase pro-duction. The U. S. Forest Service was asked to take over and operate this so-called "service." Such a protest went up from industry. State Foresters and the general public that the matter was dropped in its original form. But the need for some facilitating agency continued, and the "TPWeepy" was born. At the invitation of the U. S. Forest Service, the State Forester attended a meeting in Atlanta July 22, as representative of the Southern State Foresters, at which plans already de-cided upon for the establishing and operating of the Timber Production War Projects were outlined and discussed. H. B. Bosworth, Supervisor of the Pisgah National Forest, was then assigned to head up this new Federal activity in this State as Area Forester. On his mo^^ng to Raleigh he was furnished rather crowded but free office space in the Division of Forestry and he installed as his assistant, Roger D. Huff, thus taking the latter from the forest management work which he had been carrying on for tiiree or four years as a cooperating forester. The State was divided into four TPWP Districts and competent men placed in charge of each. The idea of the whole organization is to facilitate the production of forest products necessary to the war effort by aiding lumbermen to secure timber and needed equipment, as well as to show them and woodland owners how to cut timber without unnecessarily re-ducing the annual yield. Norris Doxey. For several years past the Federal Government has been offering to this State small sums on a 50-50 cooperative basis to assist in the emplojonent of one or more foresters to advise owners of woodland in the management of their tim-ber crops. However, the requirements have been such that acceptance of the offer has been impracticable. In the summer of 1942 a similar offer was transmitted to this Department by the Forest Service but for a much larger sum ($12,000), with the understanding that if it could not be accepted it would be offered to the Agri- 52 cultural Extension Service. Realizing that there was no loose money in the For-estry Budget and that the possibility of securing any such sum as an emergency allotment was hopeless, the offer was declined after a full discussion with the Director and the representative of the Regional office on September 28. That same day, in Dean Schaub's office at State College, an agreement was drawn up and witnessed by the State Forester under which the Extension Service would match the fund offered, select and supervise the work of six farm forestry experts, each located and working in a separate district of from two to four counties. By December 1 the six new farm foresters had been engaged by the Extension Service and they were given a week's special training. The State Forester seems to have some implied responsibilities in connection with this program and has been receiving copies of the Farm Foresters monthly reports, which contain helpful figures on timber prices. Forest Fire Fighters Service. At a meeting held in Raleigh on July 23, 1942, of all State and Federal officials concerned with the protection from fire of the forest areas of the State under the direction of the State Director of Civilian Defense, the or-ganization of the Forest Fire Fighters Service as a branch of the Office of Civilian Defense was planned and the State Forester was named State Coordinator to head up this special protection work. Owing to the shortness of help, the State Forester endeavored to handle this war effort himself and made two or three trips through eastern North Carolina in an effort to estabhsh the organization in some 2S eastern counties. In each of these counties the Army and Navy felt that special efforts were necessary to prevent the smoke from interfering with maneuvers and forest fires from lighting up the coast at night. Fairly effective overhead organizations were secured in several counties; however, since there was no one able to devote a great deal of time to organization and training, in only a few cases were effective re-sults achieved. The State Office of Civilian Defense found itself unable to do any printing for this branch of the work so the Division of Forestry finally, printed the necessary cards. Arm bands and some printed and mimeographed material were received from the Washington office, nearly all of which remains unused, owing to the gradual decline of the project due to the favorable progress of the war. The training of local groups was started and "Fag Bags" made by the Girl Scouts were distributed largely to sportsmen using the woods in the fall of 1943. Following the suspension of regular meetings by the Office of Civilian Defense, this effort was amal-gamated with the regular fire control work of the Division in February 1944. Judging by the limited experience of the past two years, it would seem that owing to the absence of the men at war and war work, the better results might have been obtained by devoting more time to organizing high school boys and girls. This was done successfully in a few cases. State Relations State Soil Conservation Committee. As a member of the State Soil Conservation Committee provided for in Chapter 139, Paragraph 4-A, General Statutes 1943, the State Forester attended practically all meetings of this Committee which were held in the office of the Chairman, Dean I. O. Schaub. The proceedings usually dealt with the various processes in the creation of new Soil Conservation Districts and with the promotion of activities provided for in this law. In March 1943, the crea-tion of the Albemarle District was approved, contingent upon the other procedure defined in the law. The District was recommended with the idea of including the Bear Swamp drainage proposal. This proposal, made by the U. S. Soil Conserva-tion Service, was to drain a part or all of Bear Swamp lying within Chowan and Perquimans counties. Possible objection to this project was brought forward in 53 that the drainage of peat swamps might eventually leave the drained land subject to destruction by fire as has occurred in so many earUer drainage projects. Some objection was also raised against carrying out a drainage project without the spe-cific approval of some State authority. However, the organization of this District was approved on the basis of its being a Governmental experimental project. The same objections were raised when the Soil Conservation Service proposed to drain Lyon S',vamp in Pender and Bladen counties, which had been drained years ago and subsequently abandoned. Both of these cases, it was shown, that peaty lands were not involved. The former project has been completed while the latter has found difficulty in completing its organization. It would seem that the State should have more authoritj^ to approve or disapprove such drainage projects than is given by requiring the Director of the Department of Conservation and Development to nominate a drainage engineer to be one of the three \dewers to make report to the Clerk of the Court of the County concerned. The large amounts of money involved in large drainage projects and the risks of failure and of ultimate destruction of the soil it would seem that the State should have final authoritJ^ It seems that Chapter 107, Agricultural Development Districts, and Chapter 156, Drainage, could well be amalgamated and revised and in doing so give the State the authority over the use of lands which it seems the Federal Government is now in a way of usurping. The State Soil Conservation Districts law provides for the organization of Dis-tricts with three representative farmers as supervisors of each District and the Di-vision of Forestry has been represented at several of these meetings and an effort has been made to emphasize the need for better forest practices. Department of Archives and History. For many years old correspondcne, office reports and other material in the forestry files, has been accumulating and has been moved a number of times in the past 20 years. The Director, therefore, accepted an offer of the Director of Archives and Histor)^ to go through this material and sal-vage all that seemed to him of importance. Tn September 1943, a large part of these old files was turned over to Dr. C. C. Crittendon and his assistants, who are sorting over the material as opportunity offers. War Industries Coordinating Committee. At the invitation of Governor Broughton, Dr. Egon Glesinger, an expert in the chemical forest products industries, came to North Carolina in October 1943 and made a study of wood waste, with the idea of recommending fuller utilization of the waste material which now results from present practices in some of our industries. He travelled under the guidance of J. E. Coad, Secretary of the War Industries Coordination Committee. With the financial back-ing of Henry Wilson, of the Drexel Furniture Company, Dr. Glesinger made an in-tensely interesting verbal report to a group of State officials and industrialists in Raleigh, January 25, 1944, but his final report will not become available until after December 15, 1944. However, he felt that there was ample room in North Carolina for the profitable utilization of much of the waste now suffered in converting timber into marketable products. FOREST FIRE CONTROL The forest area under protection by the State Forest Service increased to the ex-tent of more than 750,000 acres during the two-year period covered by this report. As is indicated by the following Progress Chart, this is due primarily to a progressive increase in the number of protected (or cooperating) counties. The long-standing poUcy of financial cooperation in fire control by the Federal Government under Sec-tion 2 of the Clarke-McNary Law continued in effect. During this period the Fed- 54 eral appropriation was considerably increased, directly reflecting increases in State and County appropriations available, as well as an increase in the Federal funds themselves. This increase in available Federal money had been long sought by the States and by interested forestry organizations, and resulted, of course, from action by Congress in pursuance of this widespread interest. The considerable increase in direct State appropriation during fiscal year 1943-44 is of particular importance. Since this State appropriation, under our system of financial cooperation with coun-ties and private landowners, is the key of the financial picture, the Progress Chart indicates the incr |
OCLC Number-Original | (OCoLC)2253557 |