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TENTH BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
The Department of Conservation
and Development
OF THE
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1944
TENTH BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
AND DEVELOPMENT
OF THE
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
For the Biennium Ending June 30, 1944
BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Governor J. Melville Broughton, Chairman Raleigh
J. L. HoRNE, Vice Chairman Rocky Mount
Harry Bailey Penland
Oscar P. Breece Fayetteville
J. Wilbur Bunn Raleigh
K. Clyde Council Wananish
W. J. Damtoft Canton
J. HoRTON DouGHTON Statesvillo
Irving F. Hall Raleigh
W. Roy Hampton Plymouth
R. H. Holland Wilmington
Wm. Carl Hudson Morganton
Chas. H. Jenkins Aulander
Carroll P. Rogers Trj'on
Richard S. Tufts Pinehurst
Lee B. Weathers Shelby
R. Bruce Etheridge, Director Raleigh
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Raleigh, N. C.
October 15, 1944
To His Excellency, Hon. J. Melville Broughton
Governor of North Carolina
Sir:
In accordance with Section 11, Chapter 122, PubUc Laws of 1925, and by direc-tion
of the Board of Conservation and Development, I have the pleasure of submit-ting
herewith the Tenth Report of the Department of Conservation and Develop-ment
for the biennium ending June 30, 1944.
There are shown in this report a review of the activities of the Department during
the last two-year period and a financial statement for the biennium.
Respectfully submitted,
R. Bruce Etheridge,
Director.
o
4-
DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL AND
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS
ADMINISTRATIVE
R. Bruce Etheridge, Director
Paul Kelly, Assistant Director
W. Ray Bishop, Auditor
Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobete, Senior Accounting Clerk
EuLA Lincoln, Senior Accounting Clerk
Evelyne Yelverton, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Margaret Scott, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
L. W. BuNN, Senior General Clerk
DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
Capt. John A, Nelson, Commissioner
Thomas A. Basnight, Assistant Commissioner
D. M. Davis, Assistant Commissioner
N. R. Webb, Principal Accounting Clerk
Mary E. Willis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
N. McKeithen Caldwell, District Sanitarian
DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
Paul Kelly, Industrial Engineer
James E. Coad, Executive Secretary. War Industries Coordination Committee
Philip Schwartz, Industrial Analyst
Nell Wellons, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Mary Lee Cowper, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Mrs. Virginia Anderson, Junior Stenographer-Clerk
DIVISION OF FORESTRY
J. S. Holmes, State Forester
W. K. Beichler, Principal Forester
P. A. Griffiths, Senior Forester
R. J. Pearse, Acting Superintendnt of State Parks
P. W. Tillman, Senior Forester
A. B. Smith, Associate Forester
H. G. BoLicK, Assistant Superintendent of State Parks
Mrs. Grace. W. Prevost Principal Accounting Clerk
Mrs. Mabel D. Young, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Mrs. Edna J. Almand, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Mrs. Elsie Eason, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Margie Evans, Junior Stenographer-Clerk
DISTRICT FORESTERS
W. J. Clark, Asheville J. H. Ruff, Rockingham
W, L. Brewer, Jr., Fayetteville
SENIOR FORESTER: MANAGEMENT
Frank J. Miller, Elizabethtown
ACTING DISTRICT FORESTERS
A. D. Williams, Lenoir F. L. Hooker, New Bern
E. C. Ferebee, Rocky Mount
DISTRICT FOREST RANGERS
T. E. Begley, Asheville M. A. Jones, Rocky'Mount
E. P. Simmons. Lenoir T. R. McMillam, Fayetteville
N. T. Faulkner, Rockingham Paul E. Sebring, Fayetteville
L. W. Davis, New Bern R. D. Wise, Elizabeth'City
DISTRICT OFFICE CLERK STENOGRAPHERS
Mrs. Richard Spinks, Asheville Mary Ellen Quinliven, Rocky Mount
Mary Pulliam, Lenoir Anna Campbell, Fayetteville |£
Jeannie Currie, Rockingham Elizabeth Harrell, Elizabeth City
Mrs. W. W. Hitson, New Bern Christine PETERs,|_Elizabethtown
CARETAKERS—STATE PARKS
Ed Wilson, Mount Mitchell Grady L. Mills, Morrow Mountain
Jesse Long, Hanging Rock J. W. Kistler, Crabtree Creek
Thomas F. Davenport, Phelps Lake
NURSERYMEN
Moody M. Clemmons, Clayton
Pelzie Hamilton, Crab Creek
DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES
HiNTON James, Commissioner
J. D. Findlay, Assistant to Commissioner
Mrs. Alice W. Austell, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Mrs. Margaret Jarvis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Mrs. Esther Williamson, Senior Account-Clerk
DISTRICT GAME PROTECTORS
J. A. Bradshaw, Asheville E. L. Nicholson, Burgaw
C. M. Capel, Mt. Gilead L. E. Warrington, New Bern
H. G. Farthing, Boone R. E. West, Moyock
R. F. Logan, Chapel Hill C. N. Woolard, Wilson
Fred C. Ott, Superintendent Game Farm, Fayetteville
C. N. Mease, Chief Refuge Supervisor, Marion
J. H. Longshore, Chief Refuge Supervisor, Asheville
Frank W. Eatman, Coordinator. Pittman-Robertson Projects, Raleigh
Miss Elsie Proctor, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Lyman DeBerry, Mt. Gilead, Project Leader
L. B. Hopkins, Raleigh, Project Leader
GAME MANAGEMENT
R. B. Armfield, Division Biologist, Raleigh
Mary Weathers, Junior Stenographer-Clerk
FISH HATCHERY SUPERINTENDENTS
R. B. Armfield, Supervisor of Fish Resources
Morrison Hatchery, Leo F. Reiger, Waynesville
"Pete" Murphy Hatchery, Luther Skaggs, Marion
Marmon Hatchery, Clyde Anderson, Pineola
Roaring Gap Hatchery, Guy C. Wallace, Roaring Gap
DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
Jasper L. Stuckey, State Geologist
W. A. White, Assistant State Geologist
W. A. Reid, Associate Chemist
Jane Anderson, Junior Stenographer-Clerk
DIVISION OF STATE ADVERTISING
W. p. Sharpe, Manager
John G. Hemmer, Senior Publicity Specialist
Mrs. Dorothy Lewis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Mrs. Margaret Mann, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
Mrs. Faye Branca, Junior Stenographer-Clerk
Mrs. Clalee Dunagan, Junior General Clerk
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
AND ENGINEERING
W. H. Riley, Acting Chief Engineer
F. E. Day, Associate Engineer
Frances Moore, Junior Stenographer-Clerk
REPORT OF DIRECTOR
During the entire period covered by this report (1942-44), the country has been
at war. Problems and difficulties never before encountered have arisen in the op-eration
of the Department, and the greatest opportunity for service has been pre-sented.
Intensified interest has been directed toward many of the functions of the De-partment.
On the other hand, it has been manifestly impractical to continue on
full scale some of the activities. The Department prides itself, however, in the fact
that it has not permitted any important feature of its work to lapse entirely during
this strenuous period.
Our greatest problems have been brought about by the shortage of manpower and
the inavailability of equipment and supplies. Many of our key men have gone into
the services and others have left the Department for defense jobs. It has been almost
impossible to replace personnel, partly because of the inavailability of men and also
because the Department has not been able to compete with salaries paid elsewhere.
Perhaps the most lasting impression of the war on the program of the Department
has been the emphasis it has placed upon conservation. This, of course, has not
always been evident and perhaps more often not discernible and only indirect. Nev-er
in our history has there been such a drain on our natural resources as has been
experienced during this mechanized war. The demand on our farms, forests, and
minerals has been without precedent. In the haste and speed demanded by war
it has not always been possible to handle these resources in the most economical
manner and some rehabilitation wiU be necessary in order not to spoil the future
utiUty of some of our resources.
The fact that the country has been able to arm so quickly and effectively was
made possible only by the fact that this coimtry was so fortunately endowed with
an abundance of raw materials. Well might the nation shudder to think what might
have happened had it not been able to call for and have placed at its disposal the
raw materials for the manufacture of the almost countless articles necessary for its
protection. Without these resources the country might have been just another
victim of a ruthless foe.
Out of this conflict there has come, however, a warning that even though the re-sources
of the country are the envy of the world, they may be depleted to such an
extent as to impair our ability to defend ourselves and to deprive the people of the
enjoyment of conveniences and even necessities in the future. At times during the
war, shortages of what had previously been considered almost inexhaustible resources
threatened to impair the entire war effort and to prolong the struggle. Not only
was the need for better conservation practices demonstrated but the necessity for
a more thorough knowledge of certain resources was pointed out. If we are a wise
people, these lessons will be put into practice.
Use of the State's and Nation's natural resources has taken the natural course dur-ing
the war period—that is emphasis has been placed on speedy production to meet
immediate demands. It has not been practical often to eliminate waste which is
often a part of haste in harvesting and utihzing natural resources. However, the
fact that conservation of natural resources was not a foremost consideration makes
such practices more essential in the future.
Additional demands for a more thorough conservation program to repair the waste
of war will, it is contemplated, be reflected in the budget requests this fall. Another
10
cause for an expanded postwar conservation activity is the provision of needed and'
beneficial public improvement projects which will provide a reservoir of work if a
program of this nature develops after the war. By this means any emergency work
program could be guided into constructive channels which would not otherM'ise be
available.
DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES
Commercial Fisheries: Predominance of good prices and unusual demands have
more than offset other handicaps which the fishermen have faced during the past
two years. Considering all factors, the past biennium has been one of the most
successful ever experienced by the commercial fishermen of the State.
Fewer fishermen have been engaged in their pursuits than for a similar period in
a number of years. Many fishermen have gone into the armed services, others have-been
employed in war industries, and an appreciable number of fishing boats have
been taken over by the government. In addition, some of the most valuable fishing
waters have been restricted for defense purposes.
In spite of the handicaps faced by the industry, generally, the production of com-mercial
fisheries was greater in quantity, and the return to the fishermen was pon
siderably higher than during the preceding biennium. Prices so much higher than'
the normal have prevailed that the cash paid to the fishermen was considerably high-er
than normall.y. The total value of all water products reached $10,294,710 for
the last biennium, compared with $6,684,110 during the 1940-42 period.
Particularly was the production of oysters encouraging. The yield of oysters
during the two-year period was 752,268 bushels which brought an estimated return
of $752,268 to the fishermen. The production for 1943-44 was greater than for
any other j^ear in the history of the Department, with one exception. ,
Experiments and demonstrations of oyster growing have continued at the North.
River Station which was made possible by an appropriation made by the General
Assembly of 1943. During this biennium, interest has picked up considerably in^
the private culture of oysters. An indication of the value of this type of project is>
the fact that quantities of cultivated oysters have sold at double the average price
of those taken from natural beds.
Commerce and Industry: This Division has experience one of the most active pe-riods
of its existence during the past two years. Its efforts have been largely di-rected
toward aiding in the war effort by helping to find facilities for the production
of materials for the armed services.
A special committee on War Industrial Cdordination was appointed by Governor
Broughton immediately before the opening of the biennium for the primary purpose
of assisting industry in converting to war production. The work of this committee
was financed through appropriations to the Division of Commerce and Industry
and its program was directed through the Division. Working with the War Pro-duction
Board and other federal agencies, the Committee assisted numerous plants
to obtain contracts, thus helping to avoid costly delays and speeding output urgently
needed by the armed forces.
One of the outstanding services of the Division was in helping manufacturers find'
needed industrial space for establishing additional productibn facilities. Although
the number of new war plants estabhshed in the State was not large, some of those
that did locate in the State would, no doubt, had been placed elsewhere had not the
services of the Division been used in their behalf. By working with the officials of
industries in other States, the Division has helped in the establishment of several'
branch plants in North Carolina.
11
In the early days of the war, it was realized that North Carolina would not be
able to participate in war production in the form of new manufacturing facilities to
an equal extent with some of the other states. It was quite natural that the gov-ernment
give contracts to existing plants for most of the heavy equipment and ma-terials
where somewhat similar products had been manufactured previously rather
than to seek out new technical staffs and new sources of labor.
Realizing this situation, the Division devoted its energies largely toward getting
expansions of large companies already having war orders and toward promoting
research to uncover new resources to provide raw materials for other industries.
Forestry: Some features of the program of the Division of Forestry have been em-phasized
and others have been curtailed by the war. Added stress has been placed
on forest fire protection and timber management while State Park activities have
been continued on a below- normal level.
Continued stress was placed by the Department on fire protection as the basis of
a well-rounded and efficient forestry program. This feature of the program was
substantially implemented during the biennium by emergency federal appropriations
for forest fire control in designated critical defense areas. Federal funds amounting
to $109,000 were made available for this purpose in 1942-43; the amount dropped
to about $90,000 during the last fiscal year of the biennium; and further reduction
will be made during the ensuing year. These amounts were in addition to regular
federal allotments.
The Department takes pride, however, in pointing to the fact that the regular
State program of forest fire control was extended to the largest number of counties
(62) ever protected, with the total area of woodlands in the State system amounting
to 12,475,329 acres at the close of the biennium.
Although material progress has been made within the past few years in the State's
forest fire program, some 4,500,000 acres of woodlands in North Carolina still do
not have organized protection, and the degree of protection given most of the terri-tory
now under protection is not sufficiently adequate for the most effective results.
Without'a sufficiently complete and thorough program of this nature, other forestry
measures cannot attain a full measure of success.
Naturally, other measures, including in particular sound management practices,
reforestation, and the wise use of all forest products are necessary for an adequate
forestry program which will assure a continuous yield of timber.
Wartime demands for timber have been the greatest ever experieliced in the history
of the nation. Threats of a really serious shortage brought special action by the
Federal Government in the form of the Timber Production War Project. The State
cooperated actively with this agency in encouraging owners with mature timber to
cut and market and in advising, wherever possible, concerning cutting methods.
Although State Park activities have been curtailed materially during the bien-nium,
there have been numerous essential functions which have necessarily been
continued for the protection of the large investments in these areas. During this
period, the curtailed force has also been busy in planning developments which were
deferred during the war. Extensive plans have been made for the completion of
the park system as a source of relaxation and recreation to hundreds of thousands
who will desire and need these facilities in the future. This program will provide
substantial work reserve projects which can be taken up after the war by either the
State or Federal government.
Game and Inland Fisheries: Although hunters, fishermen, and recreationists have
not been able to indulge in their favorite sports to the average extent during the
12
past two years, it was manifestly not wise to relax game and fish protection at the
risk of losing the efi'ects of the efforts of many preceding years.
Financial limitations, as well as the inavaUability of manpower, made it manda-tory
to curtail substantially research projects and even to suspend some during the
current emergency.
Naturally the fact that fewer hunters and fishermen were able to participate in
these sports resulted in the sale of fewer licenses and a reduction in the receipts which
finance the game and inland fisheries program. Only as a result of curtailments in
expenditures was it possible to keep expenditures in line with collections. A con-tingent
appropriation of $100,000 annually for the biennium by the General Assem-bly
of 1943 was turned back into the General Fund. This appropriation carried
the limitation that it could be used only for law enforcement after "all other projects
of research, or any other operation not directly related to enforcement, shall be dis-continued."
The activities of this Division have probably been affected to a greater extent by
the war than others of the Department. It has been impractical to plan and execute
the various normal activities under the handicap of decreasing and uncertain reve-nues.
The inavailability of trained men has also been a limiting factor. When
travel restrictions are released, ammunition becomes more abundant, and necessary
manpower, both trained and untrained, are available, a progressive program will go
forward.
While protection is the basic feature of a game program and should receive pri-mary
stress, education and research are important and will receive special attention
as normal activities are resumed.
Mineral Resources: Demands for minerals in tremendous quantities and wide va-riety
have placed the heaviest burden ever faced by the Division of Mineral Resources
during the biennium, in addition to its regular duties. Additional tasks have been
carried out by the Division with the desire to cooperate to the fullest extent in the
war effort, as has been the case with the other Divisions of the Department.
As a result of these accelerated and enlarged activities, much fundamental work,
which has already led to increased production and which should pave the way for
new developments in the future, has been done.
Because of limitations of personnel and to assemble special information, it was
necessary to supplement the facilities of the Division. Earlj' in 1943, the nation-ally
known engineering firm of H. A. Brassert and Company was employed by Gov-ernor
J. Melville Broughton for a special examination and study of the iron, coal,
and olivine resources of the State with particular reference to facilitating their de-velopment.
The need of this survey grew out of the national steel shortage which
was the subject of an investigation by a special committee from the National House
of Representatives.
This survey, as indicated elsewhere in this report, led to a comprehensive program
of core drilling by the U. S. Bureau of Mines upon the completion of which it is ex-pected
that the State will have a fairly complete inventory of the iron and coal re-sources
of North Carolina. As a result of basic studies of olivine and experiment
and pilot plant operation in the reduction of magnesium from this mineral, it is be-lieved
that there is a fair chance for a reduction plant in the State in the future.
The Division has worked in cooperation with the Tennessee Valley Authority,,
the U. S. Geological Survey, and the Bureau of Mines in field studies and investiga-tions
of several minerals which show promise of development in the future. The
State's knowledge of its mineral resources has been greatly increased as a result of
activities during the biennium.
13
State Advertising: While the State Advertising program has been carried on
throughout the biennium, it has been altered extensively to fit into the war pattern.
Emphasis was shifted from tourist and other features to industrial promotion to
help in the unprecedented armament program.
With the exception of occasional advertisements to preserve the investments
already made by the State over a period of years, tourist copy was virtually discon-tinued.
The theme of the few tourist advertisements run after restrictions were
placed on travel was to remind future vacationists that the same old attractions
will be found in North Carolina after the emergency is over.
The volume of agricultural copy was reduced sharply and was altered to point
, toward increasing the production of food and other crops more particularly needed.
A limited number of summer camp advertisements was also run.
In the main, the predominating industrial copy was directed toward helping to
locate industries for war production and to call attention to unexploited resources
which had possibilities of use in the armament program.
Special attention in the promotional work, other than direct advertising, has been
paid to the servicemen training within the State. This was accomplished partly
through pictorial folding postcards, a special pamphlet, camp and club murals, and
the motion picture "Variety Vacationland."
Plans have already been made to shift emphasis back to travel promotion through
direct advertising and other promotional efforts immediately upon relaxation of
travel restrictions. Attention is also being given to the promotion of additional
tourist facilities in areas where they appear to be inadequate to handle the volume
of travel which is expected to develop in the postwar period. North CaroUna should
continue for some time to realize on investments made during past years in familiar-izing
the nation with her attractions. These results wQl be cumulative as the pro-gram
continues.
Water Resources and Engineering: Since May 1942, this Division has been without
the services of a Chief Engineer. W. H. RUey, acting Chief Engineer, has taken
care of the duties of this office as well as those of his own as Assistant Engineer. In
spite of a continuous search for an engineer to fill this position, these efforts have
not been successful.
As a result of the lack of the services of a Chief Engineer and other conditions, it
has been necessary to suspend activities in some phases of the program of the Divi-sion,
but these will be continued when the organization is completed and facilities
become available.
During the biennium, however, the most basic functions of the Division have been
continued without interruption. These include, in particular, stream gaging. A
total of 131 stations were in operation at the close of this report period. During
the biennium, when the U. S. Geological Survey signified its desire to move its dis-trict
office from AshevUle, temporary space was found in the offices of the Department
for District Engineer E. D. Burchard and part of his force, the remainder being left
in AshevUle.
Following an agreement with the U. S. Geological Survey, there was set up jointly
by this agency and the Division a laboratory at N. C. State College for a systematic
study of the chemical quality of the surface waters of North CaroHna, with particular
reference to their industrial use. The analyses made at the laboratory have already
served an important purpose in the State's program to promote industrial develop-ment.
14
The acting Chief Engineer of the Division was named as the representative of the
Department in conferences with representatives of other State agencies and the
Tennessee Valley Authority for the purpose of considering means of appraising and
studying stream sanitation and conservation problems.
OIL LEASES
In April 1944, a group of citizens of the State, mostly from Eastern North Caro-lina,
approached the Department with regard to leasing lands in the Holly Shelter
Area in Pender and Duplin County for exploration for oil.
After conferences with the State Board of Education which held title to the area
and with the Attorney General, the Board of Conservation and Development agreed •
to lease certain areas. Both the Department and the State Board of Education
entered into the lease agreement, since a reversionary clause in the deed from the
latter Board provided that the lands could be used only for game conservation pur-poses.
A standard form of lease which provides for a royalty of one-eighth in the
event oil is found, was used. Any proceeds from the lease, under constitutional
provision, will go to the public schools.
Chapter 385, Public Laws of 1937, vested authority to lease mineral rights on
submerged lands belonging to the State in the Department of Conservation and
Development. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, in May 1944, approached
the Department for a lease on various river and sound bottoms. After negotiations
extending over several weeks, the Board authorized leasing certain submerged areas
along the coast in the northeastern part of the State to this company.
Subsequently, the Coastal Plains Company applied for a lease on other submerged
areas, and it was granted. A considerable portion of the submerged lands in th?
central coastal section was held open to await developments.
Terms of the three leases are similar in most respects. In each case the lessors
have committed themselves to a thorough exploration of oil possibilities and the
drilling of wells. The return to the State, contingent upon the finding of oil, is
similar in each lease. As a result of these explorations and drillings, it is thought
that the likelihood of finding oil will be thoroughh^ tested. If results are negative,
the question will be fairly positively settled and if fruitful, developments which
mean much to the State will have been started.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Commercial Fisheries: Among the greatest undeveloped resources in the State are
the commercial fisheries, and an enlarged program is needed for the realization of
the full opportunities which this industry presents. The establishment of the oyster
experiment and demonstration farm on North River in Carteret County is but the
first move in this direction.
One of the first steps in a forward-looking commercial fishery program should be
the addition of a biologist to the staff of the fisheries commissioner. Such a scientist
should be equipped to carry out studies leading to the solution of many of the prob-lems
of supply of various types of commercial fish and shellfish and to supervise
programs which might be worked out as a result of his research. An individual
with these qualifications could serve with the fishermen in a capacity similar to a
farm agent, advising on such matters as oyster culture. In this way he could help
to bring into production many of the thousands of acres of suitable oyster bottoms
and direct programs for the protection of other branches of the fisheries.
Public oyster beds should from time to time be rehabilitated by the planting of
15
seed and shells. Such a program might be at least partly financed through a revision
of the tax on oysters and probably a supplement from other funds.
In general, it is reahzed that a program purely regulatory in nature is not sufficient
for maintaining and developing the commercial fishery resources of the State.
Forestry: The forests of North Carolina constitute an indispensable resource, both
as a source of local products and for raw materials for industry. To allow a large
percentage of the area of the State to become unproductive or only partly so would
be a short-sighted policy and finally result in a shortage in one of our most important
natural resources.
In spite of outstanding progress in the forestry program of the State, several million
acres of forest lands do not yet have organized protection from fire. It is recom-mended
that further financial provisions be made to expand the forest fire protection
program and to increase the effectiveness of these efforts.
Legislation requiring the leaving of a certain number of seed trees in the cutting
of timber and also some reasonable cutting regulations to prevent waste is needed.
A bill to accomplish these purposes was offered in the General Assembly of 1943 but
was lost in the closing days of this legislative body. Reconsideration in the incom-ing
General Assembly, particularly in view of the unusually heavy war demands on
the forests, is deserved.
Terms of Board Members: As now constituted, the Board of Conservation and
Development is subject to an entire change in membership each four years. Be-cause
of the broad scope of operations covered by the Department and the responsi-bilities
of the Board in adopting regulations and passing on other policies, at least
part of the membership should consist of men who have become familiar with the
subjects covered and the background of the many problems which constantly arise.
The Board has recommei^ded, and the Director joins in this recommendation, that
the law creating the Board be amended to provide for staggered terms expiring at
intervals of two or four years so that a majority of the membership will always be
held over. This can be accomplished by providing for different terms for the first
group appointed by the Governor.
Tryon's Palace Restoration: Through the liberality of Mrs. J. E. Latham, of Greens-boro,
provisions have been made for the restoration of Tryon's Palace at New Bern,
contingent upon the acquisition of the site.
It is recommended that the General Assembly provide $150,000 for this purpose,
thus making possible the project. This project has been described by well qualified
persons as a "WilUamsburg" on a smaller scale. This project will not only be an
outstanding advertising feature for the State but is a sound investment from the
standpoint of bringing large revenues in the form of tourist dollars. Added receipts
from gasoline taxes contributed bj' tourists who will be attracted to the restored
palace will considerably more than amortize the investment which it is proposed
that the State make.
Stream Pollution: As North Carolina becomes more thoroughly industrialized and
as population increases, the problems of waste disposal grow in gravity.
It is essential to the welfare of the State that a program be inaugurated for the
purpose of working out problems involved in the discharge of wastes in our streams.
An approach has been made in this direction in the form of an agreement between
various State agencies concerned and the TVA for the study of pollution. This
program should be enlarged and equipped for a thorough study and to endeavor to
obtain the cooperation of mimicipalities, industries, and all other agencies working
on similar problems in other parts of the county.
16
APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS
Statement of Receipts and Disbursements
Biennium 1942-1944
1943-44
I. Administration:
Disbursements:
Board Members, Attending Meetings.
Director's Office:
Salary, Director
Salaries, Staff
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph-
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Repairs and Alterations
General Expense
Equipment
Total:
Less Receipts:
Sale of Publications
Game and Fish—Attending Meetings.
Total Receipts.
Appropriation. .
$ 1,265.64
6,000.00
12,963.33
301.26
585.57
403.32
764.28
72.79
190.34
46.64
II Commerce and Industry and Advertising:
Commerce and Industry:
Disbursements:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph...
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
General Expense
Equipment -
Motor Vehicle Operation
Motor Vehicle Exchange
Repairs and Alterations
Workmen's Compensation
Total Commerce and Industry
Advertising:
Disbursements:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph...
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Repairs andAlterations
Direct Advertising
General Expense.
1,514.59
6,000.00
14,092.24
239.29
698.40
187.55
223.85
94.67
140.95
32.50
412.94
22,811.10
8 12,584.17 8 12,875.19
151.53 152.69
3,195.04 2,498.09
8,350.35 6,493.69
304.94 183.06
321.35 347.05
38.14 43.29
404.66 845.93
947.36 1,131.24
20.35
—632.00
$ 25,685.89 $ 24,570.23
10,026.67 S 10,526.03
1,715.42 1,313.93
1,968.43 1,824.78
1,634.00 1,562.44
5,967.75 5.175.61
45.67 56.21
57,185.80 61,438.01
233.76 852.76
17
APPROPRIATIONS DIYISIONS—Continued
1942-43 1943-44
II. Commerce and Industry and Advertising—Continued:
Advertising—Continued:
Disbnrsemen ts—Continued:
Equipment
Kitty Hawk Celebration
Motor Vehicle Exchange
567.85
446.12
1,131.24
Total Advertising. S 79,166.33 S 84,894.97
Total Commerce and Industrv and Ad'-'ertising_
Less Receipts:
Sale of Publications
104,852.22
151.50
$ 109,465.20
172.44
Appropriation. S 104,700.72 S 109,292.76
III. Water Resources:
Disbursements:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph
Travel Expense. _-_
Printing and Binding. __
Motor Vehicle Operation
Repairs and Alterations
Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey
Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey-Chemical-
General Expense
Equipment
7,749.40
357.93
103.50
1,094.73
21.47
379.53
1,321.29
7,500.00
16.50
111.67
6,041.00
194.05
69.53
464.99
20.51
334.56
52.40
10,000.00
4,000.00
25.50
—129.35
Total
Less Receipts:
Private Cooperation.
Appropriation
-S 18,656.02
956.25
? 21,073.19
862.50
IV. Mineral Resourc.ts:
Disbursements:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph
Travel Expense. _
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation
Repairs and Alterations
General Expense
Equipment
Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey—Ground Water Study...
Cooperation, U. S. Geological Survey—Study of Minerals
Survey of Mineral Resources
Survey of Mineral Resources—Transferred to Succeeding Year.
Motor Vehicle Exchange
S- 17,699.77
7,117.82
196.80
158.41
723.21
401.52
435.94
21.20
52.90
1.75
3, 000. CO
3,025.09
2O,OCO.00
5,000.00
946.33
$ 20,210.69
10,627.51
267.60
2C2.46
772. C9
16.64
727.82
5.60
153.33
43.50
3, 000. CO
3,000.00
12,500.00
Total
Less Receipts:
Transferred from Preceding Year—Survey.
Appropriation
41,080.97 5 31,316.55
5,000.00
$ 41,080.97 -S 26,316.55
18
APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Con^mued
Forest Fire Prevention:
Disbursements:
Administration:
Salaries and Wages. ,_
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding.
Motor Vehicle Operation ,.
Repairs and Alterations
Equipment
Motor Vehicle Exchange
Workmen's Compensation
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
Cooperative Projects:
Salaries—Wardens and Rangers..
Wages—Towermen and Firemen.
Expenses—Fire Wardens
. Fire Control Equipment
Repairs and Alterations
Lookout Towers
Telephone Lines.. —
Buildings
Roads and Fire Lines
Fire Suppression —
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
District No. l^Asheville: ,
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Rents
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
District No. 2—Lenoir:
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Employees' War Bonus
Rents
Total.
9,627.50
102.12
593.4.5
540.70
215.55
576.77
46.24
42.44
2,792.45
442.99
413.18
$ 15,393.39
77,264.69
34,911.95
4,341,94
8,272.34
7,016.85
335.56
1.544.52
1,497.22
1,473.09
8,242.63
5,336.97
1943-44
11,729.48
216.32
700.41
795.74
621.65
637.92
75.60
780.97
3,964.96
506.74
1,052.00
S 150,237.76
4,788.08
145.88
274.36
963.42
120.00
288. CO
S 6,579.74
5,045.00
136.75
300.94
1,073.00
282.00
23.50
$ 6,861.19
21,081.79
83,300.54
43,205.63
6,449.80
18,171.99
8,717.73
5,920.56
1,678.66
2,016.10
1,673.37
10,169.73
11,298.88
$ 192,602.99
5,010.00
163.83
228.40
944.74
120.00
676.00
7,042.97
5,115.00
178.54
355.37
1,099.09
570.00
% 7,318. oe
19
APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued
Forest Fire Prevention—Continued:
Disbursements—Continued:
District No. 3—Rockingham:
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
District No. 4—New Bern:
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights
Employees' War Bonus _•
Total.
District No. 5—Rochy Mount:
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
. District No. 6—Fayetteville:
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
District No. 7—Elizabeth City:
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph
.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Rents
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
Total Disbursements
Less Receipts:
Federal Cooperation
County Cooperation
Private Cooperation
War Department Payment— Sandhills Area.
3,175.33
155.36
229.03
566.44
231.60
S 4,358.76
4,160.17
155.83
248.95
699.68
4.50
261.00
S 5,530.13
4,548.17
261.50
293.38
725.93
18.00
288.00
Total Receipts
Appbopbiation Forest Fibb Pbetention.
4,443,60
153.38
333.43
745.82
525.68
$ 6,134.£
6,813.00
230.61
762.53
1,120.00
12.00
384.00
9,322.14
204,418.09
77,150.75
61.752.64
9,677.59
6,201.91
4,768.30
141.93
342.23
715.66
3.94
557.00
S 6,529.06
3,675.00
215.21
332.53
763.12
19.45
459.00
$ 5,464.31
6,775.00
196.55-
711.32
618.07
12.00
733.00
% 9,045.94
3,103.96
121.54
204.90
408.33
283.00
362.62
S 4,484.35
$ 259,771.32
S 95,577.00
71,075.48
11,388.64
6,404.99
5 148,580.98 S 184,446.11
75,325.21
20
APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Confenwed
1942-43 1943-44
V-A. Forest Fire Prevention:
Supplemental Budget:
Critical Defense Areas:
Special Emergency Fire Control:
Administration:
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation....
Total.
Cooj'emtive Projects:
Wages—Towermen and Firemen.
Expenses—Fire Wardens...
Fire Control Equipment
Equipment—Repairs
Total.
Elizabeth City Office:
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Total.
Total Speclal Emergency.
Emergency Fire Control:
Administration:
Salaries—Staff
Supplies and Materials. .-
Travel Expense _.
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation.
Equipment
Employees' War Bonus..
Motor Vehicle Exchange.
1,080.00
50.12
357.43
187.75
309.78
91.65
108.00
1,C37.40
Total.
Cooperative Projects:
Wages—Towermen and Firemen.
Expenses— Fire Wardens
Fire Control Equipment
Equipment Repairs
Lookout Towers
Buildings i--
Roads and Fire Lines
Fire Suppression
$ 3,222.13
43,725.37
1,164.98
10,334.15
3,971.44
64.73
211.81
Total.
Elizabeth City and New Bern Offices:
Salaries—Staff
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Motor Vehicle Operation
Rents
$ 59,472.46
2,489.97
124.09
598.81
160.00
40.00'
167.22
25.21
232.43
545.00
215.00
17,952.60
23.50
18,736.10
9.60
29.64
50.62
19,058.39
2; 556. 73
142.15
563.12
128.94
376.74
23.10
216.00
S 4,006.78
56,184.49
1,429.98
3,368.43
3,777.60
3,714.46
59.28
7.75
542.96
69,084.95
223.35
383.25
400.00.
21
APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Confanwed
1942-43 1943-44
V-A. Forest Fire Pre\'ention—Continued:
Special Emergency Fire Control
—
Continued:
Elizabeth City and New Bern Offices—Continued:
Lights
Travel Expense. ._
Employees' War Bonus
9.30
262.96
186.00
Total
Total EMBRQENcrr Fire Control.
3,811.83
66.506.42
$ 1,015.90
74,107.63
ToTAi Critical Defense Areas
Aircraft Warning Service:
Administration:
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expease
Motor Vehicle Operation
$ 66,506.42
2.00
32.82
19.66
83.80
Total.
Field Projects:
Wages—A. W. Service
Expenses—Fire Wardens and Observers.
Equipment
Equipment—Repairs
Total
Total Aircrapt Wabninq Service.
Cooperative Projects:
Wages—Operator and Helper
Expenses—Operator and Helper.
Equipment—Purchase
Equipment—Repairs
Motor Vehicle Operation
Total
Total Disbursements—Supplement
Less Receipts:
Federal Cooperation—Special Emergency
Federal Cooperation—Emergency Fire Control.
Federal Cooperation Aircraft Warning Service..
Private Cooperation—Fire Lanes
$ 93,166.02
15.00
69.43
138.28 $
6,591.77
639.22
31.99
100.62
7,363.60
7,501.88
S 74,008.30
Total Receipts _
Appropriation Forest Fire Supplement.
VI. General Forestry:
Disbursements:
Salaries and Wages.
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
General Expense.
Equipment
Total from Appropriation ._ S
62,806.42
7,501.88
-S 70,308.30
3,700.00
84.43
2,519.78
142.33
27.42
2,689.53
2,773.96
204.00
11.05
2.00
96.01
51.20
364.26
96,304.24
22,758.39
74,107.63
2,773.96
509.10
100,149.08
—3,844.84
? 5,033.00 S 5,101.37
59.72 29.02
121.73 159.57
99.64 133.42
16.27 846.47
20.00 41.20
2.25 17.00
s 5,352.61 s 6,328.05
22
APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Confonwed
VII. State Forests and Parks:
DisbuTsemenis:
Salaries and Wages
Labor
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations
General Expense
Insurance and Bonding
Equipment
Purchase of land
Purchase of Land—Transferred to Succeeding Year.
Motor Vehicle Exchange
Construction Roads and Trails
Buildings and Other Structures
Water Sewer Systems -
Stores for Resale
Construction of Cabins, Morrow Mountain Park
Total ._
Less Receipts:
Permits State Lakes
Park Concessions
Bladen Lakes State Forest --
Transferred from Preceding Year (Land)
War Department Payment—Sandhills Area.
Total Receipts
Approprution.
VIII. Forest Management and Planting:
Disbursements:
Salaries and Wages
Labor . -.
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense _
Printing and Binding.-
Motor Vehicle Operation.. _
Lights and Power.
Repairs and Alterations
General Expense ..
Insurance and Bonding
Equipment
461.26
289.95
169.53
274.69
487.61
83.66
020.31
305.00
087.24
490.59
499 .«7
870.05
,428.00
450.00
299.95
610.59
57.56
,205.48
258.65
36,349.99
325.11
4,179.39
$ 4,504.50
? 31,845.49
,610.00
,239.47
,213.39
665.74
666.99
96.37
,981.35
275.50
98.16
50.32
42.00
,507.03
23
APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Con it « wed
V'lII. Forest Management and Planting—Contvmed:
Disbitrstmenls—Continued:
Marketing Timber—Bladen Lakes
Additions—Mt . Nursery
Additions Mountain Nursery—Transferred to Succeeding Year.
Employees' War Bonus
Total.. _._ _
Less Receipts:
Federal Cooperation
Sale of Seedlings
Bladen Lakes—Land Use Area
Transferred from Preceding Year (Land) _
Total Receipts.
Appropriation..
IX. MlSCELLANEOrS ACCOUNTS:
DiihuTsemenh:
Employees' War Bonus
Forest Fire, Critical Defense Areas and Management.
Total
Less Receipts:
Receipts—Bladen County Land.
Appropriation.
Total Disbcrsements.
Less Total Receipts. .
Total Disbi;rsements feom Appropriation.
% 10,477.78 S 13,902.81
2,207.50
1,025.00
474.00
$ 36,423.10
1,965.00
2,542.35
19,791.30
$ 24,298.65
% 12,124.45
2,793.06
8,252.75
1943-44
1,029.74
$ 42,740.66
1,800.00
828.58
32,763.11
1,025.00
$ 36,416.69
6,323.97
$ 6,068.74
17,379.92
$ 546,527.53
249,236.83
$ 297,290.70
6,068.74
5,882.50
186.24
$ 633,056.94
345,011.74
$ 288,045.20
24
DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES
Statement of Receipts and Disbursements
Biennium 1942-1944
1942-43
Inland Fisheries:
Disbursements:
Administration:
Salary— Supervisor
Salaries—Staff
Salaries—Wardens
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding.
Motor Vehicle Operation
General Expense
Rents
Legal Notices
Insurance and Bonding
Equipment
Total.
Morrison Hatchery:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations
Equipment
Buildings and Improvements
Total.
Murphy Hatchery:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations
Equipment
Buildings and Improvements
Total.
Stedman Hatchery:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation...
3,000.00
2.012.00
30,000.00
160.82
119.88
942.35
855.80
409. 8C
65.00
5.00
300. CO
88.55
s 37,959.20 $ 32,906.62
s 3,229.75 S 3,245.75
3,843.98 2,849.91
60.30 72.46
38.40 26.25
259.44 490.99
79.24 94.27
2.32 411.00
71.71 50.11
150.26 189.79
7,735.40
2,363.26
2,424.40
71.26
44.60
731.44
27.35
494.30
87.24
955.94
7,199.79
2,394.65
817.47
107.66
16.90
675.79
25
DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Conimwed
Inland Fisheries—Continued:
Disbursements—Continued:
Stedman HatcheTy—Continued:
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations
Hatchery Equipment-.-
Buildings and Improvements.
Total.
Roaring Gap Hatchery:
Salaries and Wages.,-
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations
Equipment
Buildings and Improvements
Total.
Boone Hatchery:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations
Equipment-.-
Total.
Harmon Hatchery:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph-
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations
Equipment
TOTAL-Lake
Mattamuskeet:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph-
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights and Power
Rents--
1942-43
TOTAL-
830.45
184.05
2.34
5,029.31
2,463.60
2,483.80
50.21
25.00
412.92
146.35
131.00
16.45
75.19
$ 5,804.52
S 2,411.14
$ 3,150.00
30.05
93.72
380.26
41.05
120.00
$ 3,815.08
589.97
413.44
—175.79
60.99
S 5,880.55
2,048.00
2,058.33
59.09
6.00
250.59
107.36
230.63
13.29
200.00
S 4,973.29
« 858. OC S 65.00
1,264.26 200.19
3.24 3.00
132.80 28.92
114.95 10.57
22.15 8.00
15.74
315.68
1,829.40
1,349.10
36.73
20.67
316.01
65.82
866.76
24.64
$ 4,509.13
$ 3,300.00
2.40
75.98
185.03
40.50
120.00
$ 3,723.91
26
DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued
Inland Fisheries—Continued:
Disbursements—Continued:
Miscellaneous Accounts:
Contribution Retirement System.
Employees' War Bonus
Game:
Total.
Total Disbursements
Less Receipts
Sale of Angler's Licenses
Transferred from Preceding Year.
Miscellaneous Receipts
Total Receipts.
Credit Balance Forward.
Disbursements:
Administration and Enforcements:
Salary—Commissioner
Salary and Wages—Staff
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation.
Repairs and Alterations
General Expense
Legal Costs
Subscriptions and Dues
Insurance and Bonding
Equipment
Total.
Game Farms and Refuges:
Game Farm—Fayetteville:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Motor Vehicle Operation. i
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations
Equipment
Travel Expense '
1,554.30
3,185.66
4.739.96 $ 7.C21.78
$ 74,694.40
*72. 632.34
30,8C6.32
1.038.46
$ 73,523.71
S 104,477.12
? 29,782.72
4,800.
129,240.
330.
2,531,
15,456
2.379
1,893
65
499
92
59
1,634
-744
$ 110,736.91
$ 168.238.07 S 159,962.47
2.015.27
912.69
29.50
360.68
354.54
4.25
Total.
Game Farm—Pine Forest:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials _
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations
Total
11.80
3,688.73
,367.61
697.68
35.37
2-. 17
239.07
144.25
9.18
,495.33
* Deposits during fiscal year.
27
DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Con^mued
1943-44
Game—Continued:
Disbursements—Continued:
Game Farms and Refuges—Continued:
Mount Mitchell Headquarters Project:
Supplies and Materials
Motor Vehicle Operation
Repairs and Alterations
Equipment
Total.
Western Refuges:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation
Equipment
Total.
Deer Survey and Educational Program:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expenses
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation.
Total.
Holly Shelter and Angola Project:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expenses
Motor Vehicle Operation
Rental of Dogs
Addisions and Betterments
Total.
Pittman-Robertson Projects:
Coordinating Projects:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Employees' War Bonus
Equipment
636.09
39.80
10.00
-75.00
358.93
57.40
341.99
610.89
20,908.75
69.54
232.25
303.10
20.09
1,146.52
12. OC
S 22,692.25
2,712.75
90.61
335.57
287.05
836.61
439.02
4,701.61
4,690.00
55.38
52.53
271.85
373.97
222.00
5.00
Total. 1$ 5,670.73
758.32
22,717.44
77.31
290.01
480.87
56.79
1,688.86
S 25,311.28
2,407.00
134.65
310.27
345.74
652.49
359.44
S 4,209.59
1,504.60
68.22
35.92
5.90
714.22
345.00
280.00
$ 2,953.86
4,644.11
46.50
22.57
337.05
345.19
434.32
$ 5,829.74
28
DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Conhnwed
1942-43
Game—Continued:
Disbursements—Continued:
Pittman-Robertson Projects—Continued:
Development of Farm Game Demonstration Units:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials ...--
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph
Travel Expenses
Motor Vehicle Operation
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
Research in Farm Game Management:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials .
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expenses
Motor Vehicle Operation
Rents
Employees' War Bonus
$ 3,991,39 $ 2,472.26
811.59 174.74
39.96 22.53
142.65 105.91
413.36 347.31
192.00 192.00
s 5,590.95 $ 3,314.75
$ 2,487.83
55.68
6.30
214.93
351.24
18.98
40.65
$ 322.07
Total- S 3,175.61
SCS District—Cooperative Farm Game Project:
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph
Travel Expenses
Motor Vehicle Operation
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
Fur Resources Investigation:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation
Rents
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
Water Impoundment Program:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Motor Vehicle Operation
Lights and Power
Total.
2,308.80
37.46
12.50
38.23
208.43
65.00
60.80
2,731.22
2.363.90
185.56
S.Ol
1,157.10
9.0C
S 3,723.57
29
DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Cowfonued
1942-43 1943-44
Game—Continued:
Diibursemenis—Continued:
Piitman-Rubertson Projects—Continued:
Holly Shelter Refuge Deielopment:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph...
Travel Expense.
Motor Vehicle Operation
Employees' War Bonus
4,937.70
290.07
65. C9
9.69
1,(67.86
170.00
Total. S 6,540.41
Study of Deer Management at Holly Shelter:
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph
Additions and Betterments
Total.
Goose Creek Land Purchase:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials...
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation.
Employees' War Bonus. .
Total.
Surrey of Ungranied Land:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Matsrials...
Travel Expense
Motor Vehicle Operation.
Employees' War Bonus..
Total.
Uwharrie Deer Restoration:
Salaries and Wages
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph.
Employees' War Bonus
Total.
17.60
1.55
645.59
664.74
882.00
38.45
85.35
66.56
36.00
S 1,107.36
380.00
10.75
68.65
84.81
36.00
580.21
300.00
2.45
30.00
332.45
Total Pittman-Robeetson Projects.
Sandhills Refuge—Hoffman:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials...
Motor Vehicle Operation.
Lights and Power
Repairs and Alterations..
Total.
S 27,432.49
3,684.15
19.40
356.09
727.91
92.70
$ 4,880.25
S 12,821.03
30
DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued
Game— Contir.-ued:
Disbursements— Continued:
Holly Shelter Refuge:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies and Materials.
Equipment
Total.
Miscellaneous Accounts:
Motor Boats Operation _
Workmen's Compensation
Contribution Retirement System.
Employees' War Bonus
(Pittman-Robertson Projects) .
.
Lights and Power—Sandhills
Total.
Total Disbursements . .
.
Less Receipts:
Sale of Hunting Licenses
Transferred from Preceding Year
Cooperation Federal Government
Receipts—Holly Shelter
Receipts—Sandhills Refuge
Miscellaneous Receipts
Rental Pittman-Robertson Equipment.
Sale Pittman-Robertson Equipment
Total Receipts.
Credit Balance Forward.
Total Disbursements.
Less Total Receipts..
Total Credit Balance Forward.
1942-43
49C.40
» 26.10
51.95
568.45
815.82
607.12
5,051.35
10,438.13
685.45
$ 16,912.42
$ 244,220.49
$ *246,591.3C
60,827.14
23,180.26
1,314.79
4,910.58
900.00
1,310.00
? 339,034.07
$ 94,813.58
318,914.89
443,511.19
$ 124,596.30
1943-44
$ 658.50
53.55
4,978.89
21,117.09
764.32
312.18
? 27,120.21
$ 237,413.84
i n90,222-.75
94,813.58
10,289.14
944.48
26,728.66
760.00
$ 323,748.61
$ 86,334.77
$ 310,937.55
i 434,485.52
$ 123,547.97
• Deposits during Fiscal Year.
DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
Capt. John A. Nelson, Commissioner
N. R. Webb, Principal 'Account-Clerk Mary E. Willis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk
N. McKeithen Caldwell, District Sanitarian
D. M. Davis, Assistant Commissioner
Thos. a. Basnight, Assistant Commissioner
INTRODUCTION
The State of North Carolina takes seriously its obligation to its citizens to pro-tect
its natural resources. To this end an agency was established some years ago
that would have supervision over the activities of the commercial fisheries and pass
rules and regulations which, with the acts of the Legislature, purposed to safeguard
this great industry against waste and depletion. The Division of Commerical Fish-eries,
Department of Conservation and Development, has always sought the coop-eration
of the fishermen and operators in this conservation program that future gen-erations
may participate in its blessings. Wise supervision seeks only to pass on to
others the real and potential wealth under its control. This has been and will con-tinue
to be the primary aim of this Division.
FOOD FISH
The quantity' of edible fish produced this period exceeds that of the previous pe-riod
by more than 15 per cent. This has been done in spite of the many handicaps
under which the activities of this industry had to work. The Government has set
out certain bounds which have restricted the privilege enjoyed by the fishermen
heretofore, and it has deprived them of many of their choicest fishing grounds. This,
of course, was recognized to be a necessity and, therefore, the fishermen made the
best of it they could. This Department and the fishermen have tried to cooperate
with the Government because they knew the conditions imposed were compelled
by the exigencies of war. Also, the industry has been crippled no little by the fact
that many of the fishermen, as well as their boats, were in the Government service.
However, in spite of these handicaps, 91,475,000 pounds of food fish were marketed
at a price of $6,434,800 during this period as against a catch last biennium of 86,182,-
000 pounds which brought $3,405,000. All in all, the result of this phase of the in-dustry
has been most gratifjang.
SHRIMP
The thing that will surprise the casual reader most about this activity is the great
increase in the price of produce over that of other years. This in not only the case
with the shrimp but with every product of the industry. It is not so much the in-crease
in production of shrimp that surprises as it is the price that the shrimp brought
the fishermen. During this report period, 5,960,000 pounds of shrimp were mar-keted
at the price of $590,000 as against a production of 4,147,158 pounds in the
previous period which brough $174,180. So it is seen that the percentage of increase
of the price of shrimp over the production was more than double. As in practically
all activities, fewer men were engaged in shrimping this period than previously.
31
32
MENHADEN
Menhaden fishing was affected more by the war situation than any other com-mercial
fishing activity. Boats were not allowed to fish at all between Hatteras
and the Virginia line where for the past several years between $4,000 and $5,000 has
been collected annually from non-resident boats permitted to fish there under
the law. Certain sections between Hatteras and Cape Lookout were prohibited to
menhaden fishing which has further crippled this activity. As a result of the several
restrictions imposed upon menhaden fishermen because of the war conditions, about
25 per cent fewer fish were caught this period than during the previous period but
the prices for the fish and their by-products were better than formerly. For this
reason the industry was not as greatly affected by the restrictions as it would have
been otherwise. The State produced this period 369,490,000 menhaden valued at
$2,746,000, and marketed 669,000 gallons of oil and 25,863 tons of scrap. The pre-vious
biennium 466,788,000 menhaden, valued at $2,333,940, were caught and
2,675,000 gallons of oil and 32,690 tons of scrap were manufactured. The nine
menhaden plants in the State, eight of which are in Carteret County and one in
Brunswick, represent an investment of some $1,480,000, the boats $1,500,000 and
nets $150,000.
OYSTERS
The production of oysters from pubhc grounds was greater the last year of this-period
than for any other year in the history of this Department, except for the season
1929-30. If the production the first year had been as great the second year the pro-duction
for this biennium would have made that of the previous biennium look small
by comparison. As it was, there were produced last year 752,268 bushels of oysters
which sold for $752,268. These oysters sold at an average of $1.00 per bushel. This
is indeed an unusual price for oysters; in fact, they probably have never before
brough this price for two seasons in succession. There has been a greater interest
shown during the last two years in the cultivation of oysters than for any hke period
we have known. Larger quantities of fine quahty oysters have been marketed at
prices ranging up to $2.00 per bushel, and at no time has the supply exceeded the
demand.
CLAMS
Probably the biggest surprise of the biennium has been the falling off in the pro-duction
of clams. The production has not been Hmited because of the scarcity of
clams but lack of demand. The largest canning company in America discontinued
buying clams in this State about two years ago because of the opening up of a new
supply of clams from the New Jersey coast. The difference in price and expense of
getting clams to their plant was the controlling factors in changing their market;
and too, one cannery plant in this State that bought large quantities of clams during
the last biennium saw fit to cancel its contract with the Government and has canned
only enough clams to supply its domestic trade. Mainly because of these two rea-sons,
the production of clams fell off 62 per cent. The State produced 75,431 bushels
of clams this biennium as against 196,636 bushels for the previous period.
ESCALLOPS
This activity has been for all practical purposes destroyed because of the killing
out of eel grass a number of years ago. This grass shows very few encouraging signs
of returning, but until it does we cannot hope for this activity to come into its own
33
as it flourished some 15 years or more ago. Total production of escallops for this
biennium was only 2,000 gallons which sold for $4,000. In this connection, however
close or remote the relation to eel grass may be, a quantity of Gracilaria Confervoides,
a variety of alga or seaweed has been gathered and sold this biennium by the water-men
at 25c per pound dry. Upward of 20 commercial uses so far have been found
for this seaweed and it is hoped that the laboratory tests or experiments it will be
proved of real commercial value and thus a new activity be provided for our water-men.
CRABS
There has been a marked decrease in the production of soft crabs during this pe-riod
but an increase of ten per cent in the production -of hard crabs. The activity
of the hard crab is much more important to the crabbers than that of the soft crab
because it affects so many counties and so many more people are employed. Only
76,420 dozen soft crabs were marketed this period as against 115,842 dozen the pre-vious
period, and 10,000,000 pounds of hard crabs were produced this period at a
value of $400,000 compared with 9,000,000 pounds produced in the previous period.
REPORT OF DISTRICT SANITARIAN
Captain John A. Nelson,
Fisheries Commissioner
Morehead City, N. C.
Dear Captain Nelson:
I have the pleasure of submitting to you a brief summary of the activities of the
office of Shellfish Sanitation for the biennium ending June 30, 1944.
Though the manpower shortage has depleted the ranks of shellfish workers, annual
"Certificates of Inspections" have been awarded to an average of 80 shellstock deal-ers,
35 shucking plants and 14 crab meat plants. In spite of a definite shortage of
labor and materials, many plants have been remodeled and improved. . A number
of new oyster shucking plants are now under construction. Shellfish plant operators
have begun to recognize good sanitation as a direct indicator of the degree of success
of their businesses. All shellfish houses that have made complete efforts to comply
with the adopted State and Federal sanitary regulations are well pleased with the
results. North Carolina shellfish plants have taken their places among the leaders
in the United States. While the majority of shellfish plants are of small size, some
of this State's crab meat plants and clam houses are among the largest on the Atlantic
seaboard.
Every North Carohna oyster shucking plant was inspected and graded monthly
according to the adopted system of scoring. Every clam and oyster shellstock plant
was inspected at least bi-monthly. Through sanitary inspection and frequent lab-oratory
control work, the shellfish industry has been able to meet the requirements
at all times, as set forth by the U. S. PubUc Health Service for inter-State shipping.
The production of crab meat has become a leading shellfish activity during the
summer months. An average of 14 crab meat plants have been approved during
the past biennium. Some of these plants pack more than a thousand pounds of
crab meat per day. Monthly sanitary inspections and constant supervision of each
plant together with bacteriological examinations of packed crab meat in cooperation
with the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, have resulted in complete endorse-ment
of North Carolina crab meat for inter-State commerce. Not one shipment has
been comdemned.
3
34
Due to the great increase in Armed Forces and civilian populations along the coast-al
areas and the accompanying increase in possibility of pollution of shellfish growing
waters, a complete sanitary and bacteriological survey was begun May 15, 1944 with
the assistance of the Division of Commercial Fisheries of the Department of Con-servation
and Development, and the U. S. Public Health Service. Any shellfish
growing areas found to be dangerously polluted must be restricted. Constant patrol
of the restricted areas adjacent to Morehead City and Beaufort have been main-tained;
several individuals have been apprehended and prosecuted for taking shell-fish
from the polluted areas.
In behalf of the N. C. State Board of Health, I take this opportunity to pay tribute
for the wholehearted cooperation and assistance you and the members of your staff
have extended me and my co-workers in the performance of our duties.
Respectfully submitted,
N. McKeithen Caldwell,
District Sanitarian,
N. C. State Board of Health
DIAMOND-BACK TERRAPIN
For a number of years there has been no market for diamond-back terrapin, a fact
that is hard to understand because the meat is just as good as it ever was. There
are more of these shellfish in our waters today than there ever were before, largely
because the Government has liberated thousands of young terrapin in our waters
yearly. The U. S. Laboratory at Fivers Island, released 7,500 young terrapin in
the State during the biennium.
PATROL BOATS
The Coast Guard still has the John A. Nelson in its service, but the Hatteras has
been turned back, and is in service after extensive reconditioning. We are operating
with the Albemarle stationed at Edenton, Croatan at Morehead City in place of the
John A. Nelson, Ocracoke at Belhaven, Neuse at New Bern, Pungo and Atlantic at
Morehead City patrolling the waters of Bogue, Core Sounds and Newport River.
35
KIND, QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH TAKEN IN WATERS OF
NORTH CAROLINA
For the Period July I, 1942 to June 30, 1944
Kind of Fish
Spotted Trout.
Gray Trout
Sea Mullet
Blue Fish
Mullet
Croakers
Spots
Mackerel
Shad
He.ring
Butters
Carp..-
Rock or Striped Bass_
Flounders
Puppy Drum
White Perch
Cats
Eels
Jack
Pike
Pompano
Channel Bass
Sheephead
Total Food Fish.
Shrimp
Menhaden (No. Fish).
Total Value Fin Fish.
No. Pounds
8,872,350
Shellfish
Oysters
Clams.
Soft Shell Crabs
Escallops
Hard Crabs lO.OCO.OCO ipounds)
Diamond-Back Terrapin 3,0C0 (pounds)
752,268 (bushels) S
75,431 (bushels)
76,420 (dozen)
2,000 (gallons)
762,268.00
150,862.00
114,630.00
4,000.00
400,000.00
600.00
Total Value Shellfish $ 1,422,360.00
Totals
Value of Fin Fish S 8,872,350.00
Value of Shellfish 1,422,360.00
Total Value Water Products $10,294,710.00
36
STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE
DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, DEPARTMENT
OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
For Biennium 1942-1943—1943-1944
1942-43 1943-44
Administration and Inspection:
Commissioner's Salary
Salaries and Wages—Staff
Supplies
Postage, Telephone, and Telegraph-
Travel Expense
Printing and Binding
Motor Vehicle Operation
Office Rent
Insurance and Bonding
Equipment
Other Sources
Attorney's Fees
Total.
Operation Patrol Boats:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies
Gas and Oils
Repairs
Equipment
Subsistenre i—
Docks and Warehouses
Marking Fishing Limits
Fire Insurance—Patrol Boats.
Purchase of Boat
Total.
Shellfish Sanitation:
Supplies and Materiajs.
Equipment
Total.
Otster Demonstration Farm:
Salaries and Wages
Supplies
Insurance and Bonding
Subsistence
4,200.00
13,932.90
189.75
411. CI
670.23
197.92
2,759.30
1, COO. 00
88.55
17.47
4,200.00
13,941.65
95.17
349.90
576.95
499.46
2,318.85
1,000.00
80.00
50.00
500.00
s 23,467.13 S 23.611.98
$ 5,635.28 s 7,577.50
2,734.69 2,999.95
1,593.21 1,499.35
4,632.77 1,797.07
450.00
1,056.67 1,203.60
260.36 499.97
297.90 351.20
97.55 90.00
1,800.00
s 18,558.43 s 16,018.64
$ 99.71
62.00
s 105.71
Total-
106.71
1,200.00
277.79
13.50
240.00
1,731.29
37
STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS—Confmued
1942-1943 1943-1944
S 1,517.59 5 2,763.00
Transfer to 1944-45 588.00
Total ExPE^^)IT^RES ... s 43,704.86
26,361.23
5 44,818.62
Less Receipts 26,537.54
Appropriation "
. ... s
-5
17,343.63
5,378.40
4,152.24
102.00
2,03C.80
2,578.64
9,276.25
238.25
2,604.65
.$ 18,281.08
Receipts:
Food Fish Licenses and Taxes . . ..... ....... 5 6,767.02
Oyster Licenses and Taxes .. . . 8,332.38
Escallop Licenses and Taxes ... . ...
Clam Licenses and Taxes ._ . . . 1,061.45
Crab Licenses and Taxes ... . . 1,878.71
Menhaden Licenses .. . .... ... 5,865.00
Power Boat Licenses ... .. 272.50
Other Sources _. . .. 2,360.48
S 26,361.23 ; 26,537.54
DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
The turn-over in personnel in the Division of Commerce and Industry during the
biennium covered by this report has been greater than for any similar period. The
technical force at the close of the biennium is entirely different from that at the
beginning.
Cecil E. Bell, who was made acting chief industrial engineer following his recovery
from an accident early in 1942, resigned on March 15, 1943, to accept employment
in private industry.
Robert W. Redwine, employed on a temporary part-time basis in August 1942,
went back on a full-time basis with Eastman, Scott and Company, advertising agen-cy,
in August 1944.
Philip Schwartz began service with the Division in Spetember 1943 as Industrial
Analyst. This position had been open for some time because it had not been possible
to find a person for the place.
In November 1942, Paul Kelly, Assistant Director of the Department, was put
in charge of the Division, as industrial engineer, and has been serving in this capacity
since that time.
J. E. Coad, Secretary of the Special Committee on War Industrial Coordination,
has worked with the Department since the organization of this group in May 1942.
The worR of this committee has been closely allied with that of the Division, and
its activities have been financed from appropriations made to the Division.
At no time during the biennium has the Division had more than half of the force
provided for in the budget. The inavailability of men equipped by education and
training has been the prevailing reason why vacancies in the staff have not been filled.
This factor, has, of course, limited severely the program of the Division.
Broadly, the activities of the Division have been carried forward during the bi-ennium
under three headings, as follows: (1) General industrial and commercial
promotion (2) Mineral promotion and (3) War contracts.
GENERAL INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROMOTION
Under war conditions, the work of this Division has passed through various phases.
Immediately after the outbreak of hostilities and before that time under lend-lease,
the major emphasis was on the conversion of existing industries to war production
and also on the expansion of facilities for all-out production.
Conversion, under the guidance and with the assistance of various Federal agen-cies
with the active cooperation of Gov. J. M. Broughton, the State Committee on
War Industrial Coordination, the Division of Commerce and Industry, and various
other agencies, went along rapidly.
At least partly because there were few of the heavier industries in North Carohna
and therefore a limited background in this type of industry, with a few notable ex-ceptions,
relatively few strictly war industries have been located in the State.
The Division consistently, through advertisements, personal contacts in Washing-ton,
and other means called attention to the facilities in the State for increased war
production in the form of additional plants. The Division was partly instrumental
in helping to bring some plants to North Carolina which otherwise might have gone
elsewhere. In a large number of cases, if not in a majority, new war plants were built
around existing plants as a nucleuses. With few of the heavier industries operat-
38
39
ing in the State, there were only a limited number of units which could be expanded.
Further, the State had few industriahsts and only a limited amount of labor with
the manufacturing background in the heavy industries, and it was necessary to bring
much of the technical force from other States as well as to train labor in new lines.
The Division, during the period when most of the new plants for war production
were being estabhshed, devoted most of its efforts toward helping to find locations
for war plants. There efforts, in conjunction with other agencies, did result in the
establishment of some new plants in North Carolina. In almost every case these
plants were branches of other plants which found it necessary to expand operation
in order to fill war contracts.
With building materials critically short and labor vitally needed for production,
the location of new manufacturing facilities has depended, in North Carolina, largely
upon the availability of industrial buildings and local labor. Even before the out-break
of war, the Division maintained a file of manufacturing space but when de-mands
for buildings increased, efforts to find manufacturing space were redoubled.
The Division has maintained constant contacts with communities throughout the
State to keep industrial building data current. The establishment of several indus-tries
during this period grew directly out of calling existing buildings to the attention
of industrialists and following up these leads.
During the latter part of the biennium, the thoughts of industrialists were turning
more specifically toward reconversion and postwar planning. A number of firms,
having completed or about to complete war contracts, are faced with immediate
reconversion problems. Many of the large companies have assigned personnel to
postwar plans and are giving careful study to these questions.
Plant Locations: During the period covered by this report, the Division has helped
a number of manufacturers to find locations for permanent operations. In every
case, the Division has worked with Chambers of Commerce or similar local organi-zations.
Some of these plants, having found required buildings are now in operation
while others are waiting until building materials and labor are vailable. Although
specific information is not available in all cases, the construction costs of plants for
industries which have decided to come into the State may conservatively be esti-mated
at between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000.
On the basis of preliminary information, these new and proposed plants will fur-nish
permanent employment to some 3,000 workers.
In addition to those companies which have definitely announced plans for postwar
operations in North Carolina and which have become established during this report
period, several others are actively considering locations in the State. In most of
these cases representatives of the cqmpanies visited the State for a personal survey
of general conditions and specific sites.
Some of the companies have indicated their preference for North Carolina and
have optioned sites or have given more or less definite indications that they will be-come
established in the State. Successful culmination of negotiations with the
executives of these firms would result in the investment of several million dollars in
new buildings and the employment of around 2,500 additional workers.
It is expected that probably a majority of the war plants that have been located
in North Carolina will continue some permanent operation in the State. Some of
them are manufacturing materials which will have wide civilian use. Others are
giving definite consideration to new lines to be followed after the termination of
their present contracts. The Division and other agencies, including the State Plan-ning
Board and local groups, are assisting in studies looking toward conversion to
40
permanent operations. In cases where the operating firms do not continue use of
the buildings, these facilities are expected to be available for other companies. These
buildings, in a majority of instances, were not in use before the war, and have been
improved and put into condition for occupancy. These improvements will make
them more suitable for postwar occupancy than before, and the problem of finding
an industry to make use of the facilities will be greatly simplified.
MINERAL PROMOTION
North Carolina has long been widely known for its wide variety of minerals, but
only a limited number of these have been produced com.mercially. War increased
many fold the demand for most types of mineral products. Seizure by the enemy
early in the war of the sources of some of the more important minerals and the short-age
of shipping facilities brought about greatly accelerated mineral prospecting and
investigations. The Division of Commerce and Industry, cooperating with the
Division of Mineral Resources, carried out an active mineral development program
to help supply badly needed materials of war and to develop the resources of the
State.
Governor Broughton authorized H. A. Brassert and Company of New York to
make a study of the coal, iron, and olivine with the objective of bringing about their
development. From this survey and from other projects which followed has devel-oped
considerable information which, it is believed, will lead to the commercial pro-duction
of additional minerals in the State.
Iron: A great deal of time was devoted to the iron resources of the State with the
particular objective of helping to find a source of ores to relieve the threatened serious
shortage which developed early in the war. This project was pursued vigorously
following the preliminary Brassert report which is credited with bringing about
wide-scale drilUng and other exploratory work. These explorations indicate, as far
as they have gone, that North Carolina has substantial and important deposits of
iron ore. Laboratory work now being done is expected to show that these iron ores
may constitute an important source for future use.
Coal: Considerable attention has likewise been given to the Deep River Coal field.
Surveys and exploratory work have proved that North Carolina has in the Deep
River area coal reserves running into the millions of tons.
This coal. North Carolina's only known large source of mineral fuel, is of high
volatile content. Broad scale development of the field will be of tremendous ad-vantage
to the industrial and economic future of the State by furnishing a convenient
source of by-products and other industrial uses.-
As a result of the Department's advertising program and activities of this Divi-sion,
contacts have been made and negotiations opened between the owners and
prospective developers of the coal field.
Mica: Representatives of the Division worked with the industry, officials of other
mica producing states, the Division of Mineral Resources, and various Federal agen-cies,
including the Truman Committee, toward increasing the output of mica which
at one period was classed as the most critical war material. The price of domestic
mica was approximately doubled.
Several out-of-state mica producers were interested in North Carolina and one
of these is said to have become the largest single producer in the State. Some 70
per cent of the domestic output comes from North Carolina.
41
Magnesium: For several years this Division has worked toward the development
of the State's extensive olivine deposits, a source material for magnesium.
Two pilot plants utilizing North Carolina olivine as raw material for magnesium
are now in operation. One of these plants, at Muscle Shoals, was set up by the
Tennessee Valley Authority, with which the Department has worked for several
years. The other plant is under the direction of Dr. Fritz Hansgirg, at Black Moun-tain
College. The Division assisted Dr. Hansgirg in getting this plant set up.
Some of the country's largest metallurgical industries are advertising magnesium,
because of its light weight and toughness as the "metal of tomorrow." It is the
behef of many persons who seem to be in a position to know, that a considerable
proportion of the facihties for producing magnesium for war use will not be able to
stand postwar competition and will be discontinued. With almost inexhaustible
quantities of high quahty magnesium ores available in North Carohna, the future
appears to hold out promise for the development of olivine when an economical and
competitive method for producing magnesium from this source is proven.
Mineral Investigations: One of the recommendations of the Brassert report was
for further exploratory work, particularly on iron and coal. The Division followed
up this recommendation, working with and through the Boykin Steel Shortage Com-mittee
of the National House of B,epresentatives, the U. S. Bureau of Mines, and
members of the North CaroUna delegation in Congress.
Funds were set up in the Bureau of Mines for mineral exploration, and allotments
were made for various North Carohna projects including iron, coal, and other min-erals.
Out of this appropriation, the U. S. Bureau of Mines, is establishing at N. C. State
College in Raleigh an experimental mineral laboratory. It is contemplated that
this laboratory will be staffed by some 30 technicians. Its objective is to develop
the use pattern whereby minerals from North Carohna and neighboring states can
be utilized in the most effective manner.
The Bureau has established at Salisbury a sponge iron experimental plant. Here
are centered the Bureau's experiments in making sponge iron by the brick kiln meth-od.
The Bureau also contemplates pilot plant experiments in the making of sponge
iron by methods other than the brick kiln process at State College in Raleigh. In
this connection there will be built at State College by the Bureau, as part of the new
experiment station, a small open hearth furnace.
WAR INDUSTRIAL COORDINATION
Effective utilization of all industrial capacity in the country has been one of the
basic wartime problems This naturally involved the temporary discontinuation of
certain lines of manufacture and slackening production in other hnes, thus making
available greater facilities and labor for the more essential items.
These changes could not, of course, be carried out without some disruptions and
losses. In order to minimize the public and private losses in conversion to war pro-duction
in North Carohna, Governor Broughton on June 15, 1942, appointed a Com-mittee
on War Industrial Coordination and a secretary to carry out its program.
This activity was financed through the appropriations made to the Division of Com-merce
and Industry and set up to work through and in conjunction with the Division.
42
Personnel of this committee, which has served without financial remuneration of
any kind, is as follows:
m-
J. Ed Millis, Chairman, High Point Dr. Ben F. Royal, Norehead City
Russell F. Hall, Vice Chairman, Greensboro J. Vivian Whitfield, Wallace
T. Henry Wilson, Drexel L. Y. Ballentine, Varina
John K. Barrow, Zebulon Josh L. Home, Jr., Rocky Mount
Frank Daniels, Raleigh Walter J. Damtoft, Canton
J. Wesley Jones, Statesville
Charles A. Cannon, Concord • Ex-Officio
P. H. Hanes, Winston-Salem Governor J. Melville Broughton
Col. Robert Baker, Greensboro Irving F. Hall
Wm. D. Carmichael, Chapel Hill R. Bruce Etheridge
T. J. Hackney, Wilson Paul Kelly
Harry Straus, Brevard
J. T. Hiers, Wilmington
The general program of the Committee at its first meeting was approved on June
30, 1942, as follows:
1. To render every possible assistance to industries throughout the State to keep
our plants in operation during the war.
2. To extend every practicable aid to those plants equipped to handle War Con-tracts
toward securing such contracts.
3. In the case of certain other plants, where conversion of equipment or materials
is needed, to render help in their program and toward the solution of their problems.
4. Endeavor to bring to North Carolina such war industries and projects as may
well fit into our facilities and conditions.
Furniture: Among the major industries of the State, it appeared from the begin-ning
of the program that furniture would probably be affected more than most other
lines, hence, much time was devoted to helping to obtain contracts and in converting
over to other Unes. Among contracts which the Committee helped to obtain were
for desks, chairs, dormitory furniture, hospital tables, camp furniture, refrigerators,
file cabinets, navy furniture, tent stakes, army cots, pigeon coops, ship fenders, mu-nition
boxes. Assistance was also given to some plants in obtaining contracts for
the manufacture -of aircraft parts. Some received orders for small boats or parts.
Farm Implements: On August 24, 1942, manufacturers of farm implements were
called together, 17 of the 23 in the State being represented. The purpose of the
meeting was to consolidate efforts to obtain increased quotas for production. Dur-ing
the following two months, a special sub-committee was able to work out substan-tial
increases and in several cases operations were able to continue on even a larger
scale than before.
Wood Products: At the meeting of the Committee at Wilmington, November 20,
1942, special attention was given to the extremely pressing problems involved in
the supplying of wood in its various forms for essential purposes. Governor Brough-ton
subsequently named a special committee to help in the situation, the purpose
being to assist in getting a supply of wood in its various forms to war projects, to
help solve manpower problems, to aid lumber and veneer mills to increase produc-
43
tion and to work with governmental agencies in the matter of price ceilings, priori-ties,
and regulations affecting timber production and distribution. Named on this
committee were:
John K. Barrow, Zebulon G. N. Hutton, Hickory
T. Henry Wilson, Drexel C. W. Green, Elizabethtown
Walter J. Damtoft, Asheville A. S. Carpenter, Laurinburg
J. W. Foreman, EUzabeth City J. T. Ryan, High Point
J. H. L. Myers, Oxford Henry Foscue, High Point
Clarence English, Asheville Dr. Ben F. Royal, Morehead City
Camouflage: War items obtained for production by North Carolina manufacturers
were many and varied. Three companies were set up for the production of cam-ouflage,
and some 35 per cent of the entire Nation's need was supplied by these
North Carolina firms. Collectively, these firms have been able to keep steadily
emploj-ed more than 1,500 persons since early in February 1943. The program is
at the time still carrying on and should continue well after January 1, 1945.
Ship Fenders: Ship fenders, which had previously been made out of rattan, were
required to be made from saplings. One of the first firms in the Nation to start
large production in this field was a North CaroUna furniture company which is still
manufacturing ship fenders in large quantities. It has produced more than 50 per
cent of the government needs in this line and has employed upward of 500 workers.
Wooden Boats: Six different companies have been engaged in the manufacture of
wooden boats. Assistance in obtaining contracts has been given on several occasions.
Consistent efforts have been made to keep steady production in this field.
Parachutes: Assistance was given to five companies in obtaining contracts for the
manufacture of fragment parachutes. In order that these companies might s-tep
up the production in these required items, it was necessary to assist them in obtain-ing
special heavy power sewing machines. Machines were made available to three
other companies engaged in war production.
Seaweed: Cooperation was given the Krim-Ko Cornpany of Chicago in an effort to
assist in establishing their company in North Carolina for the production of agar.
In late 1943, this company engaged fishermen in the vicinity of Morehead City and
Beaufort to collect 50,000 pounds of the seaweed known as Gracilaria from which
the company extracted agar, used in bacteriological work, as an emulsifier, in films,
and for many other purposes. Fishermen and other residents of communities from
which the seaweed has been gathered received several thousand dollars for their
work. Seaweed is gathered during spare time and over a period of several months.
While the seaweed is now being processed elsewhere, the officials of the company
promise that, as soon as the war is over, they will establish their plant in North Caro-lina
and manufacture their product here. Surveys prove that there is an abundance
of this weed along the shores of North Carolina—probably enough to supply the
peacetime needs of the Nation. The country before the war was dependent largely
on Japan for this product.
Dr. Glesinger: The attention of the Wood Products Committee was called to the
enormous waste of forest products and the suggestion was made that something be
done to utilize the waste of the wood working plants and in the forest. A member
of our committee, T. Henry WOson, reported that a prominent official of the Waste
Wood UtiUzation Committee of Europe was in the United States and asked the
Secretary to try to find him and, if possible, employ him to make a state-wide survey
44
on the utilization of waste wood products. This man was contacted at Fortune
Magazine and was found to be Dr. Egon Glesinger, a well known authority on waste
wood utilization. A proposition was received from him for a state wide survey.
The committee was faced with the problem of raising several thousand dollars.
When approached as to a plan for raising this money, Mr. Wilson offered to provide
the required sum. It was largely through his generosity that the program was
carried forward.
Port of Wilmington: Late in 1943, the Secretary assisted a committee from Wil-mington
in presenting a request to the U. S. Shipping Board, to make Wilmington
a Port of Entry and that it be given certain Federal ships for loading with lend-lease
cargoes. A grant from the Shipping Board was made, and since November 1, 1943,
there have been three boats per month loaded at Wilmington and three return car-goes
S3nt back to that port from the war zone.
New Industries: During the latter part of 1943, assistance was given in the open-ing
of a new industry at Mount Airy, the Laurel Bluff Mills, producing parachutes
and underwear for the government. This company has gone steadily on and is
proving a valuable asset to that communitj^
Acquisition of power sewing machines, plus machines from the Welco Shoe Com-pany,
made possible the opening of a plant at Waynesville which has gone steadily
along as a new and promising industry.
Late in November 1943, information was received that the Strickland Aircraft
Company was moving from Topeka, Kansas. The company officials were interested
in coming to the State, and early in January located at High Point where they have
been steadily in production of war materials. The company is now employing 350
workers.
Print Paper Mill Project: During the past several months of this year, brochures
covering suggested locations for print paper mills in the State have been submitted
to prospects. Close contract has been kept with the Southern Newspaper Publishers
Association and with the railroads in an effort to establish a print paper mill in the
State. While no definite results in this line can as yet be reported, there is some
hope that North Carolina may have such a mill in the future.
Fiber Board: Through contacts established through Dr. Glesinger, active contacts
have been maintained with fiber board manufactueres with the hope that eventaully
one of these mills will come to North Carolina. Much encouragement in this direc-tion
has been received.
Forest Products Laboratory: Considerable work has been done with Secretary
Claude Wickard, U. S. Department of Agriculture, looking to the estabhshment of
a Forest Products Laboratory in North Carolina. There are hopes that provisions
will be made for this project by the next Congress. This would provide a laboratory
similar to the one now located at Madison, Wisconsin.
War Production Board: This office has maintained a very fine cooperative relation-ship
with all branches of the War Production Board and the Smaller War Plants
Board. Active cooperation was given by Irving F. Hall, and by T. J. Love, of
the War Production Board. A similar relationship, has existed with the Smaller
War Plants Board. The relationship of this office with C. E. McCallum has been
splendid.
ANALYSES AND STATISTICS
Little could be accomplished toward the promotion of the industrial and com-mercial
growth of the State without the guidance of compiled facts for presentation
to the prospect. The individuals with which the Division deals are sound, deep-
45
thinking business men to whom must be presented a clear and thorough case on
the advantages of a new location.
In almost every case, the prospect has a special problem. At times it is necessary
to work up rather comprehensive briefs, giving facts pertinent to his problems. To
meet these demands it is necessary to keep extensive files on many subjects and to
reach out to diverse soiu-ces for data.
Until ten months before the end of the biennium, the Division was without the
services of an analyst. This made it necessary for each engineer to work up data
applying to each prospect, in addition to maintaining contacts and his sales efforts
with the prospect.
One of the most important duties of the analyst, particularly during the period of
shortage of building materials, has been to find and keep a record of available build-ings
throughout the State. This has been accomplished by means of questionnaires,
personal contacts, news items, and through real estate agents, Chambers of Com-merce,
municipal officials, owners, and others. Several new industries for the State
have come as a direct result of these building records. Had there been more manu-facturing
space available, there is no doubt that additional plants could have been
located.
Even near the close of this biennium after it would seem that most war needs
might have been provided, there has continued a demand for industrial buildings.
Some of these were for space for manufacturing special war products and others were
for forward-looking manufacturers preparing for postwar operations.
However, toward the close of the biennium, more inquirers were studjdng sites for
postwar building projects. This has emphasized the need for additional studies to
show the advantages and facihties of numeroous sites and the collection of data for
various requirements such as labor, water, power, sewage disposal, transportation,
taxes, etc. Comprehensive files are being built up on these subjects and broken
down for communities and particular sites.
Dinnerware Bulletin: In September 1943, the Division began the preparation of
Bulletin No. 44, "Economic Opportunities for the Production of Semi-porcelain
Dinnerware in North Carolina." Basic data were furnished by the T.V.A. and
valuable cooperation was given by the Division of Mineral Resources and the De-partment
of Ceramics of N. C. State College.
Tliis bulletin was completed and ready for distribution at the close of the bien-nium.
It has been distributed widely through the ceramics industry, to interested
communities, engineers, and numerous other sources. As a result, several manu-facturers
have become interested and have signified their purpose of looking over
the field in person to consider locations. It is beUeved that this bulletin has laid
a sound foundation from which the industry will become established in the State
in the future.
Because of the growing importance of plastics in the economy of the country, a
general brief has been prepared for the information of manufacturers who might be
interested in the State. Some active prospects have been developed as a result.
Industrial Directory: The most recent industrial directory of North Carolina was
issued in 1938. This publication carried the names and locations of the various
manufacturing and commercial enterprises of the State and basic data on each coun-ty.
The list is now out of date, particularly in view of the numerous war changes
and those which will come after the close of hostilities.
It is most desirable that a revised issue be printed soon after the close of the war
as an inventory of the State industrial structure, a guide to buyers of North Carolina
products, and as information helpful to manufacturers considering locations. An
46
industrial directory presents a tangible picture of industrial progress and at the same
time shows lines logical for development. Preliminary work on this project has
been underway in the Division for some time.
Studies of Postivar Sites: In order to fill requests for information concerning pro-spective
sites for industries which are prosecuting active studies for permanent loca-tions,
the Division has started a file on this subject.
Data are being assembled, particularly for the use of those industries which have
special water requirements, both as to volume and quality. The file on these and
other sites also will contain information on transportation facihties, raw materials,
power, labor supply, taxes, and other subjects in which the prospect may be in-terested.
Alreadj' some of these sites have been purchased and plants are planned
when building restrictions are hfted.
New Construction Data: The number of sound business enterprises looking toward
definite community interest in their plant appears to be increasing. The Division
has in several instances been requested to ascertain what communities wUl erect i
industrial buildings on a lease basis.
Most of the firms with which the Division is dealing are well able to put up their '
own buildings but they believe that they will be able to tie in closer with the com-munity
if it has an actual stake in the operation. In addition, there are some worthy
enterprises, headed by well qualified executives, which need some financing either
for space or for initial operations.
In order to be of assistance to groups of this nature, the Division has canvassed
either by personal contact or other means most of the communities in North Caro-lina
to ascertain if they would be interested in such propositions.
Industrial Brochure: As soon as necessary personnel can be had, it is the plan of
the Division, with the cooperation of the News Bureau, to issue an attractive and
well illustrated brochure on the general industrial attractions of North Carohna.
The proposed publication would be one to command the attention of busy execu-tives
and for distribution to a selected list. Its nature would be such as to impress
the business man and to prompt further inquiries fitting his particular requirements
.
Special Briefs: Briefs to show the advantages for specific industries in North Caro-lina
are compiled from time to time by the'Division.
Several briefs of this nature have been prepared during the biennium and others
are contemplated. One of these, showing the advantages for meat packing, was
assembled and circulated to leading meat packers of the country.
General data were compiled for distribution to the plastics industries. Informa-tion
of interest to pulp manufacturers was mailed out to companies it is hoped to
interest in North Carohna locations.
Later it is contemplated that briefs of similar nature may be worked up on starch
and glass-making possibiUties. Since all briefs must be based on facts sufficiently
concrete to attract the interest of business men, considerable research and study is
required.
POSTWAR PLANNING
Because of its limited staff, the Division has not found it possible to go deeply
into this subject. The time of limited personnel has been occupied, to a major ex-tent
in servicing and following up active prospects interested both in immediate
facilities for war production or in projects to be carried out at the close of hostilities.
With the reactivation of the State Planning Board, a new source of helpful indus-trial
information has developed and the two agencies are working in close coopera-
47
tion. The Planning Board has already placed on its schedule several research prob-lems
which should be of material aid to the Division. It is felt that the field of the
Division is primarily in the mechanics of promoting the development of industry
and commerce in the State while the Planning Board provides data gathered by
research for use by the Division and other agencies. The field of operations of the
two agencies is, therefore, complementary and not dupUcating.
Indications are that more industries will choose locations in the near future than
in any similar period in the history of the country. Supporting this beUef have been
announcements by some large plants of their purpose to decentrahze operations.
Many new products or refinements of old products will come into production as soon
as permitted. Numerous manufacturers are faced with the necessity of discarding
obsolete machinery and plants, and some of these are contemplating new locations.
Other manufacturers want to get nearer to sources of raw materials and to markets
for their products.
These factors add up to an unusual opportunity for North Carolina to sell the
State to such prospects. Competition is keen between the States and those which
wage aggressive campaigns and follow up closely on their prospects will profit most
in creating new wealth for the people.
STATE ADVERTISING
A preponderance of the State advertising funds during the biennium has gone
into industrial copy. The program was planned and carried out under the direction
of the Division by the Advertising agency.
Particular efforts have been made to keep the theme of the advertising timely as
was the case when copy set forth the belief that sponge iron, a potential North Caro-lina
product, could help in reUeving the war steel shortage. This advertisement
initiated a program which has led to a comprehensive study of the mineral possibili
ties of the State.
The advertising copy has varied widely. Some advertisements have called atten-tion
to general advantages offered to industry by North Carolina and others have
suggested and given basic reasons why specific industries are suited to the State.
These include dinnerware, plastics, wood using industries, food processing, and nu-merous
others.
STEAM POLLUTION
As population grows and the number of industries increases, the problem of the
discharge of municipal and industrial wastes into the streams becomes greater.
ReaUzing this fact, the Department and other State agencies have joined hands
with the Tennessee Valley Authority for the purpose of initiating a program looking
forward to the solution of these problems. It is realized that the questions involved
are broad and far-reaching, but it is hoped that these initial steps will lead to a con-structive
program.
The agencies concerned plan to work with industries and, wherever possible, help
in the solution of their problems. Much can be accomplished through this form of
cooperation.
DIVISION OF FORESTRY
Since World War II continued throughout the Biennium, our major efforts have
naturally been directed toward helping in every possible way with the war effort.
The gradual loss of most of the trained and experienced supervisory personnel and
the substitution with men less familiar with the work and the conditions, when they
can be had, has seriously affected both the amount and the effectiveness of the work
accomplished. It is, therefore, a satisfaction to report that everyone in the Division
has carried on to the best of their abiUty without complaining. The following
changes have occurred:
Personnel. Roger D. Huff, who since November 1938, has been loaned to the
State by the U. S. Forest Service for help in advising land-owners on timber manage-ment
problems, was in October 1942 taken on part time for a Federal Timber Pro-duction
Census in the State; and on August 1, 1943, he was withdrawn from State
Supervision and assigned as Assistant Area Forester of the Timber Production War
Project. Since office space was given this organization. Huff has still been readily
available for advice and help.
In October 1943, W. C. Finley, of Michigan, was offered a position with the Di-vision
to continue the management work with private land-owners which Huff had
been doing. He was to come at a moderate salary as soon as he could make the
necessary arrangements. Arriving on November 15, 1943, he staj'^ed only to the
end of the year when he left to accept a position with the American Walnut Manu-facturers
Association.
Thomas W. Morse went into the Navy on March 7, 1944. It was not until June 1
that the services of Rubee J. Pearse, of Raleigh, were secured to superinlend the
State Park program until Morse's return. Pearse is a graduate of Cornell College
and Harvard University School of Landscape Architecture. He has had wide ex-perience
in design and construction in several of the Southern States. During the
interim, a large part of the direction of the branch of State Parks devolved upon
P. A. Griffiths, owing to the illness of the State Forester.
L. L. Miller, Acting Assistant Superintendent of Parks since C. C. Stott began
active service with the Army in March 1941, resigned as of April 15, 1944. Harold
C. Bolick of Raleigh, a graduate of State College in Landscape Architecture, with
nine years experience as landscape architect with the State Highway and Public
Works Commission, was secured to take Miller's place, and reported for work May 1
.
There has been much change in supervisory personnel in the Fire Control Branch.
J. R. Spratt, Chief Inspector, was given leave of absence on February 1, 1943, for
the duration and is now with the Navy. Paul W. Tillman, the Senior District For-ester,
was promoted to take his place. This left all of the districts to be supervised
by men who have been only a short time in the State Forest Serivce.
W. L. Brewer, Jr., employed April 5, 1944 at Rockingham, took Tillman's place
as District Forester at FayettevUle November 1, 1943, and J. H. Ruff was employed
as District Forester at Rockingham on October 1, 1943. The other districts are
now supervised by men promoted from the position of District Ranger. At Lenoir,
M. M. Young (resigned Sept. 30, 1942) was succeeded by A. D. Williams, formerly
County Warden of Burke; at Rocky Mount, R. L. Westerfield (resigned to enter
48
49
Army Sept. 80, 1943) was succeeded by E. C. Ferebee, District Ranger at Rocky
Mount; and the new Elizabeth City District was placed in charge of M. M. Carstar-phen,
formerly County Warden of Edgecom.be, on Sept. 1, 1943. Carstarphen en-tered
the Navy two months later. The employment of Archie B. Smith as Ranger
Inspector Jan. 1, 1943, working out of the Raleigh office, chiefly on War Emergency
Projects, added a much needed official to the Forest Fire Control staff.
Education
The lack of personnel has prevented anj^ progress in the educational program.
The services of Dr. W. H. Wheeler, Chief Lecturer of the U. S. Forest Service, were
secured for a series of lectures in the upper Coastal Plain from Spetember 28 to Oc-tober
2, 1942. He gave ten lectures in five cormties to some 1,500 students and
adults. Mr. Griffiths accompanied him on these trips. Since that time Dr. Wheel-er,
who during the past 20 j^ears, has instructed and entertained manj^ audiences in
this State, has retired.
Occasional illustrated lectures and talks have been given by Griffiths and the
State Forester gave a paper on "Birds as Foresters," which was published in "Chat.'>
Publications. There has been little opportunitj- of preparing material for pub-lication,
much as some informational bulletins are needed. In March 1943, Circular
No. 25, "Suggestions for Managing Woodlands and Marketing Forest Products,"
prepared by Roger D. Huff, when working in cooperation with the Division, was
issued in an edition of 2.000 copies. This has been distributed to parties seeking
information, especially those who may be interested in better forest managem.ent.
Following the special appropriation of SI,000 by the General Assemblj^ of 1943
to cover the cost of a new edition of "Common Forest Trees, " some small corrections
and amendments were made, especially in adding half a dozen species to those de-scribed
and in appending lists of less important trees and some introduced trees.
An edition of 15,000 copies was printed by the Owen G. Dunn Company of New
Bern, who did an excellent job. The seventy-six cuts used were nearly aU borrowed
from the U. S. Forest Service and from the State of Florida. Since the books were
not received until nearlj^ the end of the school year, in the spring of 1944. distribu-tion
was mostly held up until school work gets underway in the fall.
Timher Farms Program. At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the North
Carolina Forestry Association in Raleigh, May 17, 1943, the resignation of Colin
Spencer of Carthage as president was accepted and Dr. C. F. Korstian, Dean of the
Duke School of Forestry, was elected in his place. Mr. Spencer has for two years
been extremely active in carrying on the office of president and it was only due to
a serious illness that he found it necessarj^ to hand in his resignation. One of the
Association's important projects is cooperation with the Southern Pine Association
in the offering of awards to woodland owners who handle their property on. a con-servative
basis. This "Timber Farms Program" recognizes, with a certificate of
award, the owner of woodland who is practicing forestry as a settled policy in the
management of his timber crops. A committee composed of a Federal Forester,
the Extension Forester and the State Forester, representing the three chief public
forestry agencies, was appointed to make final recommendations on applicants for
the award. It is thought that this project will do much to bring about better man-agement
of private woodlands in this State. At the annual meeting of the Associa-tion
held in Raleigh May 17, 1944, the first ten Timber Farm Awards were announced.
The Southern Pine Association will; urnish notice boards to be placed conspicuously
50
on the property announcing this honor. Successful candidates for these awards are
being announced in the excellent quarterly journal of the North Carolina Forestry
Association, "Forest Notes."
Leoislatjon
Very little legislation relating to forestry was enacted by the General Assembly
of 1943. Chapters 660 and 661 of the Session Laws of 1943 slightly amended exist-ing
laws relating to forest fires, the former removing a legal restriction on the au-thority
of County Commissioners to allot funds for fire control, and the second, in-creasing
the penalty for setting fire "with willful or malicious intent to damage the
property of another."
Two proposed measures of considerable importance were not enacted. At the
request of Representative E. S. Askew, a former member of the Board of Conserva-tion
and Development, a bill was drawn up requiring the leaving of seed trees in
timber harvesting operations. Some other provisions looking to better cutting prac-tices
were also included. After several amendments, the Bill passed the House with
unexpectedly strong support. The rush of business at the close of the Session was.
probably largely responsible for its failure to be enacted.
A bill to establish one legal rule for measuring saw timber was sponsored by the
Weights and Measures Division of the Department of Agriculture in which the Di-vision
of Forestry was interested. This Division was asked its opinion as to which
was the fairest log rule to both buyer and seller of timber, and the International
( !4 inch Kerf) log rule was unhesitatingly recommended. This rule gives contents
of logs equivalent to what large or small mills of average efficiency can cut out of
them. This is in contrast to the Doyle rule, used largely by timber buyers in eastern
North Carolina, which gives 50 per cent and less of actual content for logs nine inchea
and under, up to 88 per cent of 20 inch logs, which sizes include practically all of
our second growth timber. The bill would have made illegal the sale of round timber
by any other rule. This measure will no doubt be revived in some form when the
war is over because a just and definite standard of measurement is desirable. It
would seem that the almost world-wide practice of measuring all forms of timber
content should be generally adopted in this country.
Cutting Practices Bill Recommended. Following the recommendation of the State
Forester that consideration be given to the preparation of a tentative bill to bring
about better cutting practices in the State, the Board of Conservation and Develop-ment,
at its regular July, 1943 meeting, adopted the following resolution: "The
Board recognizes the universal demand for conservation of our forest resources, as
well as widespread interest in possible public regulation of forest practices on private
lands. It, therefore, requests the State Forester to obtain and furnish to members
of the Forestry and Parks Committee copies of recent laws enacted by the States of
Maryland and Massachusetts on this subject. Copies of other similar proposals,
together with opinions upon possible value thereof to North Carolina are hkewise
requested." This same subject has also been under consideration by special com-mittees
of the Appalachian Section of the Society of American Foresters and the
North Carolina Forestry Association. It is hoped that the united efforts of these
agencies will result in an effective bill acceptable ahke to land-owners and the Gen-eral
Assembly.
Federal Relations
National Forest Acquisition. This Department has been kept informed of the
progress of the Federal acquisition program as relating to the National Forests..
51
Practically no funds have been available for Federal acquisition during the war and
only a few tracts already provided for were purchased. One of these was a property
just north of Lake Tahoma in McDowell County, adding some eleven hundred acres
to the Pisgah National Forest. The tabulation Vjelow gives the method of acquisi-tion
and the area of National Forest Lands in North Carolina as of June 30, 1944:
Unit
Acquired
by Pur-chase
or
Exchange
(Acres)
Transferred
to Nat'l For-est
by other
Agencies
(Acres)
Total
U. S. Land
as of
6-30-44
(Acres)
Under
Contract
but not
Acquired
(Acres)
Total
when Con-tract
com-pleted
(Acres)
Cherokee
Croatan
Nantahala
Pisgah
Uwharrie
327
123,364
342,533
465,480
36,809
24,171
454
327
123,364
366,704
465,934
36,809
32
12,275
327
123,396
378,979
465,934
36,811
Totals 968,513 24,625 993,138 12,309 1,005,447
* Two thousand five hundred and nineteen acres of purchased land which has been transferred to Navy Department
not included.
Timber Production War Project. In the spring of 1943 when the Government was
getting uneasy about the serious decHne in production of timber products essential
for war, the War Production Board proposed a "Forest Products Service," with
power to take over mills, timber, equipment and labor if necessary to increase pro-duction.
The U. S. Forest Service was asked to take over and operate this so-called
"service." Such a protest went up from industry. State Foresters and the general
public that the matter was dropped in its original form. But the need for some
facilitating agency continued, and the "TPWeepy" was born. At the invitation
of the U. S. Forest Service, the State Forester attended a meeting in Atlanta July
22, as representative of the Southern State Foresters, at which plans already de-cided
upon for the establishing and operating of the Timber Production War Projects
were outlined and discussed. H. B. Bosworth, Supervisor of the Pisgah National
Forest, was then assigned to head up this new Federal activity in this State as Area
Forester. On his mo^^ng to Raleigh he was furnished rather crowded but free office
space in the Division of Forestry and he installed as his assistant, Roger D. Huff,
thus taking the latter from the forest management work which he had been carrying
on for tiiree or four years as a cooperating forester. The State was divided into
four TPWP Districts and competent men placed in charge of each. The idea of
the whole organization is to facilitate the production of forest products necessary to
the war effort by aiding lumbermen to secure timber and needed equipment, as well
as to show them and woodland owners how to cut timber without unnecessarily re-ducing
the annual yield.
Norris Doxey. For several years past the Federal Government has been offering
to this State small sums on a 50-50 cooperative basis to assist in the emplojonent of
one or more foresters to advise owners of woodland in the management of their tim-ber
crops. However, the requirements have been such that acceptance of the offer
has been impracticable. In the summer of 1942 a similar offer was transmitted to
this Department by the Forest Service but for a much larger sum ($12,000), with
the understanding that if it could not be accepted it would be offered to the Agri-
52
cultural Extension Service. Realizing that there was no loose money in the For-estry
Budget and that the possibility of securing any such sum as an emergency
allotment was hopeless, the offer was declined after a full discussion with the Director
and the representative of the Regional office on September 28. That same day, in
Dean Schaub's office at State College, an agreement was drawn up and witnessed
by the State Forester under which the Extension Service would match the fund
offered, select and supervise the work of six farm forestry experts, each located and
working in a separate district of from two to four counties. By December 1 the
six new farm foresters had been engaged by the Extension Service and they were
given a week's special training. The State Forester seems to have some implied
responsibilities in connection with this program and has been receiving copies of the
Farm Foresters monthly reports, which contain helpful figures on timber prices.
Forest Fire Fighters Service. At a meeting held in Raleigh on July 23, 1942, of all
State and Federal officials concerned with the protection from fire of the forest areas
of the State under the direction of the State Director of Civilian Defense, the or-ganization
of the Forest Fire Fighters Service as a branch of the Office of Civilian
Defense was planned and the State Forester was named State Coordinator to head
up this special protection work. Owing to the shortness of help, the State Forester
endeavored to handle this war effort himself and made two or three trips through
eastern North Carolina in an effort to estabhsh the organization in some 2S eastern
counties. In each of these counties the Army and Navy felt that special efforts
were necessary to prevent the smoke from interfering with maneuvers and forest
fires from lighting up the coast at night. Fairly effective overhead organizations
were secured in several counties; however, since there was no one able to devote a
great deal of time to organization and training, in only a few cases were effective re-sults
achieved. The State Office of Civilian Defense found itself unable to do any
printing for this branch of the work so the Division of Forestry finally, printed the
necessary cards. Arm bands and some printed and mimeographed material were
received from the Washington office, nearly all of which remains unused, owing to
the gradual decline of the project due to the favorable progress of the war. The
training of local groups was started and "Fag Bags" made by the Girl Scouts were
distributed largely to sportsmen using the woods in the fall of 1943. Following the
suspension of regular meetings by the Office of Civilian Defense, this effort was amal-gamated
with the regular fire control work of the Division in February 1944.
Judging by the limited experience of the past two years, it would seem that owing
to the absence of the men at war and war work, the better results might have been
obtained by devoting more time to organizing high school boys and girls. This was
done successfully in a few cases.
State Relations
State Soil Conservation Committee. As a member of the State Soil Conservation
Committee provided for in Chapter 139, Paragraph 4-A, General Statutes 1943, the
State Forester attended practically all meetings of this Committee which were held
in the office of the Chairman, Dean I. O. Schaub. The proceedings usually dealt
with the various processes in the creation of new Soil Conservation Districts and
with the promotion of activities provided for in this law. In March 1943, the crea-tion
of the Albemarle District was approved, contingent upon the other procedure
defined in the law. The District was recommended with the idea of including the
Bear Swamp drainage proposal. This proposal, made by the U. S. Soil Conserva-tion
Service, was to drain a part or all of Bear Swamp lying within Chowan and
Perquimans counties. Possible objection to this project was brought forward in
53
that the drainage of peat swamps might eventually leave the drained land subject
to destruction by fire as has occurred in so many earUer drainage projects. Some
objection was also raised against carrying out a drainage project without the spe-cific
approval of some State authority. However, the organization of this District
was approved on the basis of its being a Governmental experimental project. The
same objections were raised when the Soil Conservation Service proposed to drain
Lyon S',vamp in Pender and Bladen counties, which had been drained years ago and
subsequently abandoned. Both of these cases, it was shown, that peaty lands were
not involved. The former project has been completed while the latter has found
difficulty in completing its organization. It would seem that the State should have
more authoritj^ to approve or disapprove such drainage projects than is given by
requiring the Director of the Department of Conservation and Development to
nominate a drainage engineer to be one of the three \dewers to make report to the
Clerk of the Court of the County concerned. The large amounts of money involved
in large drainage projects and the risks of failure and of ultimate destruction of the
soil it would seem that the State should have final authoritJ^ It seems that Chapter
107, Agricultural Development Districts, and Chapter 156, Drainage, could well be
amalgamated and revised and in doing so give the State the authority over the use
of lands which it seems the Federal Government is now in a way of usurping.
The State Soil Conservation Districts law provides for the organization of Dis-tricts
with three representative farmers as supervisors of each District and the Di-vision
of Forestry has been represented at several of these meetings and an effort
has been made to emphasize the need for better forest practices.
Department of Archives and History. For many years old correspondcne, office
reports and other material in the forestry files, has been accumulating and has been
moved a number of times in the past 20 years. The Director, therefore, accepted
an offer of the Director of Archives and Histor)^ to go through this material and sal-vage
all that seemed to him of importance. Tn September 1943, a large part of these
old files was turned over to Dr. C. C. Crittendon and his assistants, who are sorting
over the material as opportunity offers.
War Industries Coordinating Committee. At the invitation of Governor Broughton,
Dr. Egon Glesinger, an expert in the chemical forest products industries, came to
North Carolina in October 1943 and made a study of wood waste, with the idea of
recommending fuller utilization of the waste material which now results from present
practices in some of our industries. He travelled under the guidance of J. E. Coad,
Secretary of the War Industries Coordination Committee. With the financial back-ing
of Henry Wilson, of the Drexel Furniture Company, Dr. Glesinger made an in-tensely
interesting verbal report to a group of State officials and industrialists in
Raleigh, January 25, 1944, but his final report will not become available until after
December 15, 1944. However, he felt that there was ample room in North Carolina
for the profitable utilization of much of the waste now suffered in converting timber
into marketable products.
FOREST FIRE CONTROL
The forest area under protection by the State Forest Service increased to the ex-tent
of more than 750,000 acres during the two-year period covered by this report.
As is indicated by the following Progress Chart, this is due primarily to a progressive
increase in the number of protected (or cooperating) counties. The long-standing
poUcy of financial cooperation in fire control by the Federal Government under Sec-tion
2 of the Clarke-McNary Law continued in effect. During this period the Fed-
54
eral appropriation was considerably increased, directly reflecting increases in State
and County appropriations available, as well as an increase in the Federal funds
themselves. This increase in available Federal money had been long sought by the
States and by interested forestry organizations, and resulted, of course, from action
by Congress in pursuance of this widespread interest. The considerable increase in
direct State appropriation during fiscal year 1943-44 is of particular importance.
Since this State appropriation, under our system of financial cooperation with coun-ties
and private landowners, is the key of the financial picture, the Progress Chart
indicates the incr