Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development of the State of North Carolina |
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C550 I94-4-/46 of t^e ([lntt)et$it^ of Borti) Catoltna Collection ot jRortg Cacolmiana '^lid booH ta)a0 ptt0tnUh JO) A^ lAG> 00006766252 This BOOK may be kept out TWO WEEKS ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIVE CENTS a day thereafter. -It waa taken out on tho day indioatod below r> yA^^-f^ y w^Cy Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/biennialconserv19441946 ELEVENTH BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1946 BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT Governor R. Gregg Cherry, Chairman Raleigh J. L. Horne, Vice Chairman _ Rocky Mount Charles S. Allen Durham J. Wilbur Bunn Raleigh Oscar P. Breece Fayetteville K. Clyde Council Wananish R. Floyd Crouse Sparta W. J. Damtoft.... Canton Percy B. Ferebee Andrews A. H. GuiON Charlotte W. Roy Hampton Plymouth Robert W. Proctor* Marion Eric W. RoDCERst Scotland Neck Miles J. Smith Salisbury D. M. Stafford Pomona A. K. WiNGET Albemarle R. Bruce Etheridge, Director Raleigh * Succeeded Dr. J. D. Rudisill, deceased. t Succeeded J. R. Wollett, deceased. D LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, N. C. October 15, 1946 To His Excellency, Hon. R. Gregg Cherry Governor of North Carolina Sir: In accordance with Section 11, Chapter 122, Public Laws of 1925, and by direction of the Board of Conservation and Development, I have the pleasure of submitting herewith the Eleventh Report of the Department of Conservation and Development for the biennium end-ing June 30, 1946. There are shown in this report a review of the activities of the Department during the last two-year period and a financial statement for the biennium. Respectfully submitted, R. Bruce Etheridge, Director. lo 3n iHemoriam During the biennium, two valued members of the Board of Conservation and Development have passed on to the Great Beyond. Dr. J. D. Rudisill, of Lenoir, died on July 29, 1945, and J. R. WoUett, of Littleton, on June 26, 1946. Dr. Rudisill served on the Committees on Game and Inland Fisheries and State Advertising; and Mr. WoUett was a member of the Committees on Forestry, Game and Inland Fisheries, and Commercial Fisheries. Both of the members exhibited a keen interest in the activities of the Board and Department and devoted freely their time and attention toward the cause of helping to make the State a better and more prosperous place in which to live. Dr. Rudisill was succeeded by Robert W. Proctor, of Marion, and Eric W. Rodgers, of Scotland Neck was ap-pointed to fill the unexpired term of Mr. WoUett. DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS (As of June 30, 1946) ADMINISTRATIVE R. Bruce Etheridge, Director Paul Kelly, Assistant Director W. Ray Bishop, Chief Auditor Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobbie, Senior Accounting Clerk EuLA Lincoln, Senior Accounting Clerk EvELYNE Yelverton, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Margaret Scott, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Nell Wellons, Senior Stenographer-Clerk L. W. BuNN, Principal General Clerk Mrs. Annie W. Ragland, Junior General Clerk DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Capt. John A. Nelson, Commissioner D. M. Davis, Assistant Commissioner Thos. a. Basnight, Assistant Commissioner N. R. Webb, Principal Accounting Clerk N. McKeithan Caldwell, District Sanitarian Mary E. Willis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Paul Kelly, Industrial Engineer Philip Schwartz, Industrial Analyst Marshall L. Shepherd, Assistant Industrial Engineer W. C. Lehew, Assistant Industrial Engineer Mary Lee Cowper, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Marie Lamm, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND PARKS W. K. Beichler, State Forester F. H. Claridge, Assistant Forester (Management) J. R. Spratt, Assistant Forester (Fire Control) Thomas W. Morse, Superintendent of State Parks P. W. Tillman, Chief Forest Inspector W. J. Clark, Forest Inspector ^irjf^Ci. Roger D. Huff, Management Forester (in cooperation with U. S. Forest Service) Charlie C. Stott, Assistant Superintendent of State Parks P. A. Griffiths, Management Assistant R. D. MoRiN, Jr., Management Assistant H. G. BoLiCK, Landscape Engineer Archie B. Smith, Equipment Supervisor M. M. Carstarphen, Law Enforcement Ranger Mrs. Grace W. Prevost, Senior Accounting Clerk Mrs. Edna J. Almand, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Mabel D. Young, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Evelyn Sanders, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. W. Frank Bell, Senior Accounting Clerk Hattie Barnes, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Phyllis Probst, Junior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. J. W. McIntosh, Junior Accounting Clerk Martha Mayo, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DISTRICT FORESTERS B. H. Corpening, Asheville James A. Pippin, Rockingham James B. Hubbard, Elizabeth City David J. Martz, Rocky Mount W. L. Brewer, Jr., Whiteville Charles C. Pettit, Jr., Sylva ASSISTANT DISTRICT FORESTERS Charles M. Hartsock, Jr., Benjamin R. Harley, Fayetteville Elizabeth City Spencer L. Wilson, New Bern FOREST NURSERY FORESTERS Frank J. Miller, Clayton Nursery STATE FOREST SUPERVISORS Eric Ericson, Elizabethtown Thomas C. Ellis, State Forest Ranger DISTRICT FOREST RANGERS T. E. Begley, Asheville T. R. McMillan, Fayetteville i E. P. Simmons, Lenoir H. S. Morrisette, Elizabeth City A. D. Williams, Lenoir LaRue McQueen, Whiteville N. T. Faulkner, Rockingham William S. Edmunds, Whiteville | F. L. Hooker, New Bern Mack Ashe, Sylva i L. W. Davis, New Bern E. C. Ferebee, New Bern \ DISTRICT OFFICE STENOGRAPHER-CLERKS Elizabeth Wilson, Asheville Mrs. Rosa K. Staley, Rocky Mrs. Mary P. Clark, Lenoir Mount Mrs. Rachel Covington, Anna Campbell, Fayetteville Rockingham Elizabeth Harrell, Elizabeth City Julia Weskitt, New Bern Cecile Brown, Whiteville I Carolyn Lewis, Sylva STATE PARK SUPERINTENDENTS J. W. KisTLER, Crabtree Creek STATE PARK RANGERS Ray M. Sisk, Cliffs of the Neuse STATE PARK WARDENS Jesse Long, Fort Macon Grady L. Mills, Morrow Mountain J. W. King, Crabtree Creek Charlie J. Mills, Morrow Thomas E. Slater, Crabtree Creek Mountain Carl R. Flinchum, Hanging Rock John R. Wilson, Mt. Mitchell James W. Speer, Hanging Rock Thomas F. Davenport, Pettigrew Clarine Brisson, Senior Stenographer-Clerk FOREST NURSERYMEN Moody M. Clemmons, Clayton Nursery Harry Clemmons, Clayton Nursery Pelzie Hamilton, Holmes Nursery DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES John D. Findlay, Commissioner Margaret C. McLean, Senior Stenographer-Clerk BiLLiE McConnell, Senior Stenographer-Clerk FISCAL AND PROPERTY Lindsey B. Hopkins, Associate Engineer Mrs. Esther C. Williamson, Senior Accounting Clerk Mrs. Mattie R. Keys, Senior Accounting Clerk Mary Weathers, Senior Stenographer-Clerk PROTECTION C. D. KiRKPATRicK, Chief of Law Enforcement Mrs. Gertrude L. Deaton, Senior Stenographer-Clerk E. p. Keen, Law Enforceraent Supervisor Tom L. Rollins, Law Enforcement Supervisor Robert F. Logan, Law Enforcement Supervisor E. L. Nicholson, Law Enforcement Supervisor J. Harold King, Law Enforcement Supervisor FISHERIES MANAGEMENT Willis King, Principal Biologist Mrs. Grace Byrd, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Arthur R. Shields, Senior Biologist Ed E. Hueske, Junior Biologist FEDERAL AID IN WILDLIFE RESTORATION Dennis Hart, Coordinator Elsie Proctor, Senior Stenographer-Clerk W. E. McCoNNAUGHEY, Jr., Project Leader W. B. RoBBiNS, Project Leader W. L. Hamnett, Project Leader Robert J. Wheeler, Jr., Project Leader Fred Mahan, Project Leader EDUCATION Thomas H. Walker, Senior Publicity Specialist Jewell Eatman, Publicity Clerk MANAGEMENT AREAS AND REFUGES R. B. Armfield, Supervisor DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Jasper L. Stuckey, State Geologist Thomas G. Murdoch, Assistant State Geologist Philip N. Sales, Senior Chemist E. WiLLARD Berry, Associate Geologist (part time) Jane Anderson, Senior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF STATE ADVERTISING W. p. Sharpe, Manager John G. Hemmer, Senior Publicity Specialist E. Carl Sink, Senior Publicity Specialist Louise Mish, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Lucille White, Junior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Irma Barbour, Typist-Clerk DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENGINEERING W. H. Riley, Principal Engineer F. E. Day, Associate Engineer Raleigh T. Daniel, Chemist Sallaine Sledge, Junior Stenographer-Clerk REPORT OF DIRECTOR Conditions with extraordinary variations have been confronted during the period covered by this report. During the earlier months, a two-front war, taxing to the limit our resources, both human and natural, was in progress. Later in the biennium, Germany and Japan capitulated to the United States and her allies. Thus, war and reconversion conditions were con-fronted during the biennium. Because our resources were devoted so thoroughly to war purposes, the problems of reconversion were more complex. With the conclusion of war, an opportunity for service, perhaps never equalled in our State, presented itself to the Department of Conservation and Development. The demand of the times for an aggressive conservation program not only offers wider opportunity for service but is a challenge to our vision and energies. We cannot, therefore, stand still in our activi-ties if we accept the challenge to help build a more prosperous com-monwealth and speed our people along the path of progress. War requirements drew heavily upon our natural resources; and, if we do not put constructive measures in force, the productivity of some of these resources may be impaired for the future and our people may be deprived of the full use and enjoyment of our abundant raw materials. On the other hand, new channels for utilization of our natural resources have been pointed out during these strenuous times and we would be neglectful of our heritage should we fail to pick up these new ideas and follow them through. PERSONNEL Through most of the biennium sufficient personnel was not avail-able to carry on in the most effective manner all of the functions of the Department. Even the limited personnel underwent repeated changes. In spite of the handicaps of limited personnel and scarce materials, the Department takes pride in the fact that it was able to continue all of its essential services and functions without break. This was only possible through the willingness of the staff to take on extra duties and responsibilities. Personnel problems began to relax around the middle of 1945 with the gradual release of some of the Department staff from mili-tary service. By the end of the report biennium virtually all of those on leave had returned and once again filled their former posi-tions. At the same time additional help was becoming available, although not all of the shortage had been relieved. Of major significance among the changes in the executive and technical force of the Department was the retirement of J, S. Holmes 10 on May 20, 1946, as State Forester. Mr. Holmes was a pioneer not only in forestry work in the State but in the entire field of conservation. Since June 1, 1909, Mr. Holmes had directed North Carolina's for-estry program. His service as State Forester, or equivalent position, outdates the creation of the Department by about 16 years. During these years, Mr. Holmes has carried a heavy load and often the results of his efforts were not immediately apparent. However, within the last few years, many of the policies and achievements toward which he labored have become actualities. For some years, Mr. Holmes considered retirement or a less strenu-ous assignment, but through loyalty to the cause to which he had devoted such a large portion of his life, he remained on the job. At his request, on February 1, 1945, he relinquished the office of State Forester and became Associate State Forester. William K. Beichler, who began his service with the Department as District Forester at Asheville on July 1, 1927, and who had been promoted through various grades, succeeded Mr. Holmes as State Forester. Mr. Holmes has made a substantial contribution to the welfare and advancement of the State. It is my privilege, as Director of this De-partment, to give expression to a debt of gratitude to Mr. Holmes for his long devotion to duty and the outstanding service he has rendered the State. BUDGET The last year of this biennium was the first year of the biennial appropriation period. For this reason, the financial statement in this report covers one year each in two appropriation bienniums. The unexpended balance for the latter year of the biennium (1945- 46) was probably the largest in the history of the Department. This balance grew primarily out of the fact that the staff of the Depart-ment was unusually short and because of the scarcity of supplies and equipment. For this reason, many of the activities of the Department were curtailed sharply. Because of limited personnel, it has not been possible during the last several years to proceed on schedule with various features of our program. For this reason, the demand for services and improve-ments in the future will be heavier. The Democratic party, in its platform adopted at the State Con-vention in 1946, called for increased emphasis on the conservation of the resources of North Carolina. The platform had the following to say on this subject: "North Carolina is richly endowed with natural resources. Wise State policy calls for their protection against selfish spoilation and for their constructive use in serving the needs of the people. We commend what the State Department of Conservation and Development is doing to promote the sound utilization of our natural resources and to prevent unwise exploitation. There must be further expansion in the indispensable activities of this State agency. The State is not now making adequate provisions for the existing State Parks and for the establishment of new State Parks. We endorse more generous support of the State Park system which can contribute so substantially to the health and happiness of the people. The State 11 of North Carolina has a material financial interest in the travel indus-try. Money spent to attract tourists to North Carolina is returned manyfold in gasoline and sales tax revenues and in increased patronage for thousands of business establishments. The travel industry deserves the fullest support of the State. Flood control, reforestation, and power development should be encouraged in the State." DIVISION ACTIVITIES A portion of this report is devoted to the activities of each of the seven divisions of the Department. Therefore, this section summarizes only some of the more important activities and accomplishments of each. Commercial Fisheries: From the standpoint of financial return to the fishermen, the past biennium has probably been the most fruitful in the history of the State. This was in spite of a slight drop in the catch of food fish, oysters, clams, and soft shell crabs. Total value of all water products to the fishermen during 1944-46 was $14,287,030, in comparison with $10,294,710 for the preceding two-year period. In July, 1945, the Board of Conservation and Development pro-posed that efforts be made to acquire the Coast Guard Section Base near Morehead City, formerly known as Camp Glenn, for the use of the Division of Commercial Fisheries. Action was immediately started toward this end, and by the close of the biennium the State's priority stood first and there were strong indications that the property might be obtained, if means for its purchase can be found. There has been a strong belief in the Department and Board for some time that the program of the Division of Commercial Fisheries should be broadened to include additional constructive features look-ing toward the expansion of the yield from commercial fishing. Here-tofore, means to do little else than to protect the industry by regu-lations have been available, with the exception of some oyster planting and the establishment of an oyster experimental farm. If the Section Base can be acquired and other means made available, the facilities there will house the administrative force of the Division and furnish some of the facilities necessary to establish research and educational activities. One of the greatest needs of the industry has been additional refrig-eration facilities, and the Department has worked for years to remedy this situation. Some years ago, it induced the Emergency Relief Ad-ministration to establish the North Carolina Fisheries, Inc., with facilities at various points on the coast but with the principal plant at Morehead City. When this organization was liquidated, some of the facilities at the Morehead City plant were diverted to other uses. However, the main facilities have now been acquired by a company which will operate them as a seafood plant. During the biennium, the Division of Commercial Fisheries and Commerce and Industry, in cooperation with other agencies, assisted in the establishment of the Beaufort Quick Freezing Company. Besides helping to relieve the ice shortage, the new company will market 12 processed seafoods and will also furnish additional storage Capacity to help care for periodic gluts. Limited icing and storage facilities have, from year to year, resulted in severe wastage in fish. The new developments are, therefore, among the most significant accomplish-ments in recent years in behalf of the industry and fishermen. Commerce and Industry: The past two years have been among the busiest and most strenuous in the history of the Division. Although a number of prospects for industrial development was anticipated, they exceeded by a wide margin these expectations. The problem of handling this large number of prospects was accentuated by the lack of trained and experienced personnel. A new phase of industrial development in the form of the Rural Industries program was launched during the biennium. This movement has as its prime objective the establishment of a larger number of small manufacturing plants, located in rural areas, utilizing nearby raw materials and rural labor, and financed by local capital. The program also seeks to claim for the farmer and producer of raw materials a larger share of the return from the consumer goods through the processing of their products. It is intended, in addition, to help balance and diversify the industrial structure of the State. In the fall of 1945, Governor R. Gregg Cherry appointed a Com-mittee on Rural Industries, consisting of more than 100 of the leading citizens of the State, and a meeting of this group was held in Raleigh in November of that year to plan a course of action. This group recom-mended a series of district meetings for the purpose of explaining the program and putting the plan into effect. Administration was assigned to the Division of Commerce and Industry and the program will be launched formally as soon as the necessary personnel can be procured. During the biennium, the Division has worked with more industrial prospects for the State than in any similar period. The movement toward decentralization of industry which has been forecast over a period of years seemed to gain full momentum. Added to this trend was the demand for additional facilities for the manufacture of new or improved products developed during the last several years and for filling the backlog of orders which developed during the years of shortages. It should be realized that competition for these industries among the states is keener at this time than ever before. While it is not proper to say that our Division of Commerce and Industry is specifically responsible for the location of any definite number of new industries in North Carolina, it has had a direct hand in many of these; has co-operated with other agencies in securing others; and has indirectly contributed to others. It is known definitely that some of the new plants locating in the State would have gone elsewhere had not the State's facilities been presented by the Division. The fact that the State advertising program, particularly the indus-trial phase, was continued throughout the war, has helped to center attention on North Carolina's industrial opportunities. These advertise-ments were prepared and placed under the direction of the Division of Commerce and Industry. 13 Forestry: While the total forest area under fii-e protection increased approximately 167,000 acres over the previous biennium, primary emphasis was placed on increasing the efficiency of the organization and intensifying protection. Sixty-three counties are now cooperating in fire protection, a net gain of two over June 30, 1944. It is significant that thirty-seven counties, with approximately 4,000,000 acres of forest lands now have no organized fire protection. Because it is doubtful whether more complete and effective fire con-trol can be had under the present system, the problem of whether the State should assume a much larger obligation in this connection must now be faced. That the State should do so is the general opinion among those who have studied the situation closely and budget requests this fall will probably follow this pattern. Improvement in the fire detection and reporting system has been accomplished during the biennium, as is also the case with fire control and suppression methods. These factors, according to the records, are being steadily reflected in more effective fire protection, the basic requirement in our forestry program. The Division is also pushing, to the full extent of its facilities, sound management practices which have as their ultimate goal the treatment of the forests as a crop which will be perpetually productive under proper handling. Large areas of forest lands in the State had become unproductive because of unwise handling and should be reforested by planting. The Forestry Division foresees a substantial increase in interest in the planting of these idle acres and also predicts a demand for plant-ing stock which will require expansion of the capacities of the State Forest Nurseries. This need should be supplied. Recreational requirements of the State have grown steadily during the past several years and every indication is that they will continue to increase. A part of this demand must be supplied by State Parks. The fact that during June, 1946, the State Parks had more patrons than ever before is significant. North Carolina does not at present have an adequate State Park system nor are those units that have been established developed to the extent to make them most serviceable. More facilities will, of course, provide the attractions for heavier use and greater returns in a financial way. The State Parks Branch of this Division's report names the Parks, reviews the facilities available in each, and points out the needs for further development if they are to provide the services which the public is demanding. Game and Inland Fisheries: During this report period there has been a complete reorganization of the Division of Game and Inland Fisheries under the direction of Commissioner John D. Findlay. One of the most outstanding features of this reorganization has been in the protector force. All protectors were put on a full-time basis and a Chief of Law Enforcement charged solely with this feature of the program was appointed. For enforcement purposes, the State was divided into five divisions with a supervisor in charge of each 14 and in turn the divisions were broken down into districts, comprising county groups. Increased mobility of the force was obtained through the assignment of protectors to operate in the districts rather than being confined to single counties. They work singly or in groups. Increasing revenues made possible better compensation, although still not adequate, for the protectors. The enforcement record speaks for itself in the effectiveness of the organization. During the first year of the biennium there were 472 prosecutions, with fines amounting to $3,412 and costs, $2,447.69. Prosecutions jumped to 2,079; fines to $14,965.76; and costs to $15,598 during the second year. Emphasis, both in the game and inland fisheries program, has been shifted from propagation to management, the theory being to assist nature or to remove as many man-made obstacles as possible to the maintenance and increase of wildlife in its natural habitat. The State's one game farm produced and distributed 3,600 quail. Fish produced at the hatcheries were reared to a larger size at which survival is greater. Some 413,000 acres of Federal, State, and leased lands are now under intensive game and fish management. On part of these areas, public hunting and fishing were provided and on others a concerted restocking program was carried out. Considerable deer stocking was accomplished on some of these lands and attention was also given to the restoration of other types of wildlife. Game officials expect that the trend toward a larger number of hunters and fishermen in the field this fall will continue; and if this indication materializes, the increased collections will make possible a still larger and more efficient program. Unfortunately, the belief that game and inland fisheries funds are used for purposes other than for these programs still persists in the minds of some people. We should like to emphasize again the fact that these funds remain intact and are spent exclusively for the game and inland fisheries programs and for nothing else. Mineral Resources: World War II, with a demand previously un-known for minerals, stimulated interest in North Carolina's deposits. As a result, the demand for information on this State's minerals in-creased tremendously. Fortunately, as a result of the interest of former Governor J. M. Broughton, early in the biennium, and later Governor R. Gregg Cherry and larger appropriations by the 1945 General Assembly, the Divi-sion was able to increase materially its service. Private industry, with the encouragement and active assistance of the Department, launched systematic explorations for oil, with the Coastal Plains being selected for these studies and drilling operations. Two wells, one near Morehead City and the other on Cape Hatteras, were drilled during the biennium, the former reaching a depth of 4,044 and the latter, 10,054 feet. War-time exploration of the Cranberry iron deposits and Deep River coal fields, which was initiated in 1943 by the Department, and taken up by the U. S. Bureau of Mines in 1944 was continued at intervals during the biennium. One of the results of the interest focused on the Deep River field by geological and exploratory work 15 was the purchase of some of the best deposits by the Walter A. Bledsoe Company, of Terre Haute, Ind., one of the larger coal mining com-panies. This company carried on a drilling program of its own and it has been announced that the company will begin the production of coal. Partly through the efforts of the State Geologist, State College and the Tennessee Valley Authority entered into a cooperative agreement for the establishment of a Mineral Research Laboratory at Asheville. A new building to house the laboratory was sufficiently near completion for the initiation of laboratory work in June 1946. The primary field of the laboratory will be in mineral concentration and utilization, and a full-time chemist employed by the Division has been stationed there. The Regional Mineral Experiment Station of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, which was announced for State College in 1944, became a reality during the biennium with the completion of the first unit. The General Assembly of 1945 provided a small appropriation which made possible a renewal of cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey for topographic mapping, and this work was started in 1945. State Advertising: At times during the war, there was some question concerning the continuation of the State Advertising program, par-ticularly the feature directed toward the travel public. The decision, however, was that the State had too much invested in the program to risk the breaking of its continuity and to jeopardize the effectiveness of expenditures over a period of years. In keeping with the national policy, however, the advertising during war years did not suggest travel but rather reminded postwar vacationists that North Carolina resorts would be ready to continue to serve them after hos-tilities had ceased. Primary stress during war years in the advertising program was laid on the fact that North Carolina's resources, capital, and labor were ready to be applied in an increasing degree toward the manu-facture of the sinews of war and articles essential to the civilian population. Immediately after the close of the conflict, the greater share of the advertising funds was channeled into tourist copy. The News Branch which continued to operate on an abbreviated scale during the war, expanded its work at the close of hostilities. New literature was prepared for the postwar period; and, in addi-tion, some of the earlier mailing pieces were revised and reissued. These helped to produce record tourist expenditures for the 1946 season. It is estimated that tourists will spend approximately $175,- 000,000 in the State during the year. A steady flow of news material and photographs has gone out of the State News office during the biennium. The Division released 560 stories to newspapers and sent out 19,489 photographs to illustrate these and other stories. One of the most effective features of the operation of the News Bureau has been in proposing and helping magazines to work out ideas for articles and stories. In the last two-year period, materials 16 originating in the News Bureau have found their way into newspapers throughout the nation and in some 150 magazines in this and other countries. Competition for the tourist trade has increased rapidly, with some 33 states adopting promotional campaigns since the North Carolina program was started. With the country becoming steadily more travel conscious, it is likely that competition will become even keener. Water Resources and Engineer: The major regular activity of the Division—stream gaging—has been carried on uninterruptedly during the biennium with a total of 132 stations operated in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, the U. S. Engineers, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. The quality of water investigation initiated in 1943, in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey, has been enlarged to meet an in-creasing demand for this service. During the biennium, the State Board of Health entered into this program which was then extended to the analysis of public water supplies. The number of calls for information on the chemical qualities of water has been larger during the last biennium than ever before. These requests grow out of the search on the part of manufacturers for water supplies fitting their particular needs, and the information provided by the laboratory has been of material value in the location of some plants which have selected sites in the State. A forward step toward the conservation of water resources of the State was the passage of a bill by the General Assembly of 1945 setting up the N. C. State Stream Sanitation and Conservation Com-mittee which was subsequently appointed by Governor R. Gregg Cherry. The Committee is composed of 16 members, 6 representing State agencies and 10 representing industry and municipalities. The general purpose of this Committee is to study the waste dis-posal situation in the State and to propose a program under which a solution may be found to the problem. A preliminary survey has been made as a result of arrangements between the State Board of Health and the Engineering Experiment Station at N. C. State College, and a report will be made to the General Assembly. GENERAL Resource-Use Education Commission: The problem of employing our resources of all descriptions for the best interests of the people is one of the most pressing and important of our time. Governor R. Gregg Cherry, on August 8, 1945, appointed the Re-source- Use Education Commission of the State Planning Board. Paul Kelly, Assistant Director, was named as the representative of the Department of Conservation and Development on this Commission. The Commission is made up of representatives of various State agencies, educational institutions, public schools, and organizations concerned with education in various forms. Dr. Clyde A. Erwin, super-intendent of public instruction, was elected chairman; Mrs. Ellen Black Winston, vice chairman; Felix A. Grisette, secretary; and the 17 following comprise the executive committee: Dr. Gordon W. Black-well, Dr. H. Arnold Perry, Paul Kelly, Mrs. Helen L. Macon, Dr. L. D. Baver and Dr. James E. Shepherd. Following a meeting of the Commission on October 5, 1945, the executive committee has convened on several occasions. An appli-cation has been made to the General Education Board for a grant with which to organize and initiate the program. Various State agen-cies are prepared to cooperate actively as soon as personnel is selected. Governor Cherry, at the initial meeting of the group summed up the purpose of the Commission as follows: "If we are to improve our ways of living, we must improve the relationship between our people and our resources. To achieve this will require an extensive program of education about our resources, long-time planning such as the State Planning Board is undertaking, and close cooperation among all our public and private agencies." Oil Exploration: Following the leasing of certain State-owned lands in eastern North Carolina in 1944 to the Coastal Plains Company and the Standard Oil Company, exploration of these properties for oil was inaugurated. By the end of this report period, two wells had been completed and others were definitely contemplated. While the companies carry-ing out the program have expressed some encouragement, they do not appear to be in a position to make definite predictions. This Department continues to be very much interested in seeing the search carried out to a definite conclusion. At the suggestion of the Department, the General Assembly of 1945 enacted two measures designed to protect the interests of the State and the industry in event oil and gas are discovered. 18 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS Statements of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 I. Administration: Disbursements: Board of Directors: Attending Meetings Director's Office: Sakry—Director Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs and Alterations General Expense Equipment 1,246.85 6,000.00 15,241.55 253.84 690.76 121.11 610.07 133.04 190.20 140.96 $ 2,784.85 Total Less Receipts: Sale of Publications Payment from Division of Game and Inland Fisheries for Attending Board Meetings $ 24,628.38 400.00 S 29,679.77 158.75 750.00 Total Appropriation. commbbce and industry and advertising: Commerce and Industry: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph . . Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs and Alterations General Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment _- 400.00 24,228.38 S 11,122.32 236.81 2,320.23 4,073.42 483.37 Total. Advertising: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs and Alterations Direct Advertising 350.75 507.18 10.00 $ 19, 104. ( 11,966.07 2,671.17 1,993.39 1,854.37 14,699.56 77.01 47,690.05 19 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS — Continued 1944-45 1945-46 II. CoMMBRCE AND Inbustry ANT) Adtertisinq—Continued: Advertising—Continued: Disbu rsemen is—Continued: General Expense Equipment -. Motor Vehicle Operation Total Total Commerce and Industbt and Advertising. Less Receipts: Sale of Publications Appropriation. $ 1,207,50 $ 1,944.77 74.00 288.77 610.73 381.64 i 82,843.85 9 82,682.07 101,947.93 101,577.10 177.95 165,95 s 101,769.98 % 101,411.15 III. Water Resoi'rces: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Cooperation U. S. Geological Survey Cooperation U. S. Geological Survey-Chemical. General Expense Equipment Total Less Receipts: Private Cooperation Payment Board of Health-Water. Investigation Total Appbopblation. IV. Mineral Resopbces: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials. Postage, Telephone and Telegraph _. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Cooperation U. S. Geological Survey—Ground Water Study. Cooperation U. S. Geological Survey—Study of Minerals Cooperation T. V. A. Minreals Study Cooperation U. S. Geological—Geographic Mapping Special Research Motor Vehicle Exchange Equipment Survey of Mineral Resources Appbopeiation. 6,246.00 237.91 64.89 639.52 64.70 564.79 65.20 10,000.00 4,000.00 2.50 S 21,885.51 652.50 652.50 21,233.01 7,616.36 87.44 220.71 703.51 1,269.10 704.37 4.25 605.89 3.000.00 2,963.62 8,160.15 236.53 63.02 751.68 70.59 834.14 264.43 10,000.00 6,500.00 40.00 704.68 27,625.22 953.40 2,500.00 2,500.00 $ 19,675.25 $ 29,120.23 3,453.40 $ 24,171.82 8,930.00 76.19 248.59 982.96 1,700.72 727.17 2.00 39.60 4,000.00 4,000.00 1,999.17 5,000.00 389.28 994.55 30.00 20 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued Forest Fiee Pjeieventton: Disbursements: Administration: Salaries and Wages ' Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express - Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Motor Vehicle Purchase Workmen's Compensation Emergency Salary Insurance and Bonding Study of Forest Utilization Total. CoSperutive Projects: Salaries—Wardens and Rangers.. Wages—Towermen and Firemen. Expenses—Fire Wardens Fire Control Equipment Repairs and Alterations Lookout Towers Telephone Lines Buildings Road and Fire Lines Fire Suppression Motor Vehicle Operation Emergency Salary Total. District No. 1: Asheville: Salaries and Wages _.. Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense.. Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Emergency Salary 1944-45 11,625.05 237.76 644.17 1,117.57 773.87 573.40 74.39 599.33 1,034.00 130.46 1,141.50 Total. District No. 2-—Lenoir: Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express . Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Emergency Salary Total. 1,000.00 18,951.50 87,963.15 56,658.3« 3,266.34 30,092.82 6,215.81 10,489.64 1,823.14 4,711.26 1,127.07 10,144.29 17,126.85 11,890.17 S 241,508.87 5,166.20 160.14 398.71 851.11 110.00 577.07 % 7,263.23 8 5,000.00 ? 5,840.00 158.31 128.56 365.67 258.81 928.08 1,225.73 552.00 360.00 S 7,004.06 $ 7,813.10 21 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS — Continued 1944-45 1945-46 V. Forest Fire Prevention—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: District No. 3 — Rockingham: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Opreation Emergency Salary Total. District No. 4—New Bern: Salaries and Wages. Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Emergency Salary Total. District No. 5—Rocky Mount: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense.. Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Emergency Salary Total District No. 6—FayetteciUe: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Emergency Salary. Total District No. 7—Elizabeth City: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express . Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Lights Emergency Salary Total. 4,429.55 170.98 473.99 879.04 512.71 6,466.27 4,740.00 184.14 294.05 950.79 552.00 $ 6,720.98 4,562.40 218.29 508.74 1,111.52 18.00 529.84 6,948.79 ,139.24 201.10 792.75 970.50 12.00 760.93 4,815.00 124.28 467.12 916.73 286.00 552.00 7,161.13 5,150.62 218.29 489.06 1,048.77 313.10 7,219.84 6,730.00 194.90 406.85 1,800.94 17.89 430.00 9,580.58 5,092.14 234.52 566.47 1,198.37 16.95 334.00 7,442.45 7,710.00 188.24 659.57 1,223.21 12.00 430.00 10,223.02 5,972.28 224.05 499.76 1,422.17 264.00 6.12 362.73 8,751.11 22 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued 1944-45 1945-46 V. FOEBST Fire Prevention—Continued: HiaBTjBSKUEms—Continued. District No. 8—Wilmington: J 4,355.00 109.85 482.45 1,677.96 265.00 Total. S 6,890.26 District No. 9—Sylva: $ 4,076.40 95.54 314.96 863.92 Rents 380.00 260.16 Total $ $ 5,990.98 Total Forest Fire Prevention. .- 8 311,901.35 $ 131,468.85 78,004.48 12,405.93 S 422,666.86 Less Receipts: $ 163,612.32 County Cooperation .. 114,267.28 Private Cooperation 18,322.73 $ 221,879.26 $ 296,202.83 Appropriation. ... ... $ 90,022.09 1 14.93 30.00 $ 126,464.53 Supplement: Special Emergency Fire Control: Administration: Travel Expense. .. S Total $ 44.93 $ 8,652.76 261.67 1,495.33 457.60 41.18 $ Cooperative Projects: Wages—Towermen and Firemen 1 750.00 1,42 509.17 34.45 Total. ..- S 10,908.54 S 71.26 S 1,295.04 Elizabeth City Office: $ Total S 71.26 8 Total Special Emergency $ 11,024.73 $ 1,295.04 23 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS — Continued 1945-46 VI. Forest Fire Prevention—Continued: Supplement—Continued: Emergency Fire Control: Administration: Salaries—Staff Supplies and Materials Motor Vehicle Operation Employees War Bonus Total Cooperative Projects: Wages—Towermen and Firemen, Expenses—Fire Wardens Fire Control Equipment. Equipment^—Repairs Motor Vehicle Operation Lookout Towers Fire Suppression Total Elizabeth City Office: Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Lights Total. 2,610.00 11.18 294.42 261.00 3,176.60 33,131.65 133.86 183.84 680.18 1,503.77 21.34 841.86 $ 36,496.50 $ 106.25 299.43 360.00 11.10 2,454.40 776.78 Total Emergency Fire Control Plowing Fire Lines Private Forest Owners Cooperative Projects: Wages—Operator, Helper Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment $ 40,449.88 86.50 58.49 60.14 Total. Total Disbursement —Supplement Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation—Special Emergency Federal Cooperation—Emergency Fire-Control . Private Cooperation—Fire Lines Total. Appropriation. VII. General Forestry: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages _. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding General Expense Equipment Motor Vehicle Operation 205.13 $ 51,679.74 $ 11,055.98 40,333.88 383.20 51,773.06 —93.32 4,787.00 53.41 150.20 53.21 402.60 12.43 145.75 Appropriation $ 5,604.60 % 10,975.81 4.59 372.47 $ 2,831.46 S 99.26 33.10 132.36 2,963.82 251.70 168.35 215.13 9.14 644.32 4,903.18 1,295.04 2,963.82 551.30 4,810.16 93.02 8,328.60 213.61 299.35 434.92 231.83 80.25 1,079.84 307.41 24 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued 1944-45 VIII. State Forests and Parks: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Labor Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegram and Express- Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power.. Repairs and Alterations. General Expense. Insurance and Bonding Equipment Motor Vehicle Purchase Stores for Resale Workmen's Compensation Building and Improvements—Neuse Cliffs.. Equipment—Morrow Mountain Park Equipment—Pettigrew Park Building—Pettigrew Park Purchase of Land Total. Less Receipts: Permits States Lake Park Concessions Equipment—Morrow Mountain. Total Receipts. Appropriation.. IX. Forest Management, Nurseries and Forests: Forest Management: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages. SuppMes and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Emergency Salary Appropriation. Nurseries: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Labor Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph. Travel Expense... Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation 17,863.96 4,177.18 594.80 309.26 342.79 158.84 3,152.64 425.07 11,500.51 358.15 900.00 5,862.77 800.00 40.53 400.50 10,000.00 27,230.39 5,872.18 4,531.16 569.65 847.82 138.19 4,940.62 617.04 2,210.55 581.70 44.48 1,191.78 1,033.48 996.33 156.00 —7,300.00 1,482.00 —.30 4,000.00 $ 56,880.50 220.64 4,993.36 49,143.07 388.90 12,129.65 1,482.60 5,214.00 51,666.50 14,001.15 35,141.92 8,670.68 99.99 99.27 923.86 80.28 680.81 12.05 1,356.68 385.33 12,308.95 5,510.00 10,646.85 2,079.92 515.96 56.79 27.04 1,063.60 25 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued 1945-46 IX. Forest Management, NrRSERiES and Tokebt—Continued: NXJBSERIES — Continued: Diibursements—Continued: Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations General Expense Equipment - Emergency Salary 108.57 155.74 30.00 170.98 350.00 Total. Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation. Sale of Seedlings $ 2,061.00 1,151.40 J 20,715.45 $ 2,626.99 3,661.42 Total Receipts. .Appropriation. . State Forests: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph . Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Light and Power Repairs and Alterations Insurance and Bonding Equipment Marketing Timber—Bladen Lakes. State Forest Emergency Salary Total. Less Receipts: Bladen Lakes State Forests. Appropriation Forest Management and Planting: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Labor Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation Light and Power Repairs and Alterations General Expense.. Insurance and Bonding Equipment S 6,288.41 S 14,427.04 4,320.28 320.31 165.34 161.42 35.71 3,958.45 295.52 80.67 5.00 121.79 $ 39,698.17 9,774.13 8,732.01 2,098.94 668.99 281.42 196.47 5,746.43 452.49 230.75 15.85 200.00 6,087.54 12,995.95 237.10 $ 22,697.54 $ 29,862.78 $ —7,165.24 26 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued IX. FoEEST Management, Nurseries and Forest—Continued: Forest Management and Planting—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Marketing Timber—Bladen Lakes Drilling Well—Bladen Lakes ..- Employees War Bonus- Total Management, Nubseries and Forests Less Receipts Appropriation, Management Nurseries and Forests Miscellaneous Accounts: Disbursements: Emergency Salary (Forest Fire, Management, Nurseries and State Forests Total Total Disbursements. -_. Less Total Receipts __ Total DiSBxmsEMBNTS From Appropriation 19,238.28 1,655.00 1,142.02 56,420.32 42,910.57 S 13,509.75 $ 6,391.01 18,471.24 $ 6,391.01 S 657,014.59 323,007.34 $ 334,007.25 $ 55,721.94 $ 36,151.19 $ 19,570.75 I 4,159.00 13,851.69) $ 4,159.00 $ 735,572.18 355,692.93 $ 379,879.25 CONSTRUCTION OF SIvIALLMOUTH BASS HATCHERY Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph.. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rental of Equipment Equipment Emergency Salary Total Expenditures From Appropriation Tran3it!rred to Fiscal Year 1946-47 Appropriation . PURCHASE OF TRYON'S PALACE AND Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 Transferred to Fiscal Year 1946-47 Appropriation 1945-46 5,894.93 10,980.86 8.08 148.75 2,427.22 185.98 5,520.35 46.77 $ 25,212.94 $ 84,867.06 110,080.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 27 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES SPECIAL FUNDS Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 Inland Fisheries: Disbursements: Administration: Salary—Supervisor Salaries—Staff Salaries—Wardens Supplies and Materials. Postage, Telephone and Telegraph. Travel Expense... Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation General Expense Legal Notices Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange. Insurance and Bonding Total. Morrison Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Murphy Hatchery: Salaries and Wages. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express.. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Light and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment... Motor Vehicle Exchange Building and Improvements Total. Stedman Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense 2,690.00 1,161.00 30,000.00 17.09 132.71 352.07 1,437.71 409.07 49.55 18.57 400.00 $ 36,667.77 3,645.00 4,051.34 48.93 40.00 465.06 98.63 10.23 8,359.19 3,185.25 3,454.85 113.87 63.48 761.40 11.58 101.76 —7.50 100.00 7,784.69 2,365.02 811.73 94.43 9.90 1,877.48 2,219.40 50,000.00 361.28 200.18 350.07 2,327.05 407.88 107.03 17.65 4.32 994.55 4,240.50 3,209.01 74.61 30.60 647.52 94.32 138.40 91.30 397.26 8,923.52 3,650.45 3,102.90 159.10 75.20 1,071.49 93.30 231.85 10.26 758.28 9,152.83 3,984.90 666.29 99.33 4.36 28 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-48 I^fLAND Fisheries—Continued: DiSBURSBMENTS — Continued: Stedman Hatchery—Continued: Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Buildings and Improvements - Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Roaring Gap Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Marmon Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Rents Motor Vehicle Exchange.. Total % 6,311.00 Lake Mattamuskett: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, Telegram and Express . Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Rents Total. Miscellaneous Accounts: Contribution Retirement System Emergency Salary Workmen's Compensation Transfer to Special Funds— Purchase and Development Lands and Waters. Total Total Disbursements—I^fLAND Fisheries. 554.50 428.61 261.59 42.00 12.66 $ 4,580.44 2,487.43 1,638.30 51.28 507.80 116.53 72.40 4,873.74 2,136.25 3,395.33 54.08 8.58 509.70 109.96 97.10 3.300.00 102.52 469.24 49.14 120.00 4,040.90 1,466.55 6,169.89 $ 8,473.57 $ 7,636.44 % 2,223.53 4,710.87 1,120.50 8,217.50 $ 16,272.40 $ 115,S30.SS 29 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES — Continued 194.W6 Inland Fisheries—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Miscellaneous A ccounls—Continued: Less Receipts: Sale of Angler's License Transferred from Preceding Year Miscellaneous Receipts Sale Boone Hatchery Property •Total Receipts ..- Credit Balance Forward—Inland Fisheries Game Division: DiahuTsementB: Administration: Salary—Commissioner Salaries—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Subscription and Dues Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange. Printing and Binding $ 90,512.25 37,213.20 102.00 4,180.12 % 144,413.00 51,753.40 I 132,007.57 % 196,166.40 $ 51,753.40 Total. Enforcement: Salary—Chief Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Legal Costs Subscription and Dues Insurance and Bonding Equipment Rents Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Administration and Enforcement: Salary—Commissioner Salary and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding 5,000.00 130,564.04 436.47 1,857.21 22,160.45 2,416.69 80,635.87 5,000.00 7,084.00 92.67 475.12 1,351.01 662.96 21.07 242.83 98.90 49.44 964.80 3,839.19 19,881.99 2,970.00 125,902.63 295.54 1,799.52 35,900.17 4,821.35 29.33 20.36 126.19 2.00 835.52 498.42 351.00 2,428.90 $ 175,980.93 •Deposits During Fiscal Year. 30 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-45 Gaub Division—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Administration and Enforcement—Continued: Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Legal Costs Subscription and Dues Insurance and Bonding Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange 2,949.58 26.54 605.11 25.92 80.30 1,500.00 14.00 567.50 Total. S 168,203.81 Game Management: Administration: Salary—Supervisor Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials -- Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express- Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. $ 8,196.83 Game Farms: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations 3,075.65 493.80 20.91 Total. Management Areas and Refuges: Salary—Biologist Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Rental of Dogs Repairs Additions and Betterments Lights and Power.. Rents Total 8 39,220.33 77.37 392.04 20.79 J 4,080.56 31 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Contmued 1944-45 945-46 Gaub Division—Continued: DiSBUSSBMENTS — Continued: Mount Mitchell Headquarters Project: Supplies and Materials Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Total. Western Refuges: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation... Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Holly SheUer and Angola Project: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Motor Vehicle Operation.. Rental of Dogs Repairs Additions and Betterments Total. Education and Training: Salary—Supervisor... Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials .. Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation... General Expense Equipment.. Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Pittman-Rohertson Projects: Coordinating Projects: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment. Emergency Salary... 43.85 54.71 112.70 —8.00 203.26 22,915.44 43.54 260.44 824.37 170.07 1,726.18 780.00 S 26,720.04 1,355.20 123.15 31.30 575.46 281.48 163.00 5.08 2,534.67 1,720.00 149.77 365.49 266.09 511.08 295.73 1,500.00 2,125.75 280.79 999.85 456.35 1,012.37 701.42 4.00 117.74 $ 3,308.16 8,163.07 Total. $ 4,920.00 $ 4,718.28 47.80 55.79 42.87 31.59 293.05 318.20 398.64 600.00 17.67 444.00 120.00 t 6.164.03 $ 5,843.86 32 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-45 1945-46 GAAfE Division—Conhniied; Disbursements—Continued: SCS District—Cooperative Farm Game Project: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rentals Equipment Emergency Salary. $ 1,586.91 f 1,934.41 1,785.79 2,845.52 79.19 25.86 278.55 170.60 597.57 487.60 35.00 73.00 131.71 113.79 Total. Study of Deer Management of HoUy Shelter: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Emergency Salary Total. Wildlife Resources Inventory Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment. Emergency Salary Total. Stat-e-Wide Deer Trapping and Restocking Project: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Pirchase—100 Deer Emergency Salary Total. Miscellaneous Projects: Motor Vehicle Operation (1944-45 Accounts). Fur Resources Investigation and Survey: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express.. Travel Expense 4,567.72 $ 5.577.78 958.35 134.12 20.99 1.90 109.88 21.00 ,346.70 371.84 12.98 24.80 744.99 90.00 I 4,591.31 885.00 5.48 3.32 138.96 18.66 ,155.33 50.00 3,256.75 3,237.58 2,489.46 32.43 380.16 1.831.17 405.23 1,290.00 175.16 9,841.19 924.00 47.22 14.80 133.50 33 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-45 Game Division—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Fur Resources Investigation A>n) Survey—Continued: Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Emergency Salary Total. Goose Creek Land Purchase: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Workmen's Compensation Title Abstracting and Vesting. Purchase of Land Employees War Bonus Total. Surrey of Ungranted Land: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Employees War Bonus Total. Vnharrie Deer Restoration: Salaries and Wages.. -. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express Travel Expense... Motor Vehicle Operation Employees War Bonus Total. Total Pittman-Robertson Projects. Bladen Lakes: Salaries and Wages. Dog Permits Total. Miscellaneous Accounts: Motor Boats Operation Equipment—Boats Worlimen's Compensation Contribution Retirement System. 519.00 166.55 79.40 197.81 53.78 260.50 8,283.76 18.00 9,578.80 2,337.20 —284.85 .25 450.35 260.02 198.00 2,960.97 2,981.50 697.82 47.25 294.62 804.76 180.00 5,005.95 S 29,522.81 $ 165.00 200.00 365.00 965.02 997.28 5,381.69 133.91 785.53 40.00 2,078.f $ 31,389.06 986.50 1,649.87 12.10 6,335.17 34 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-45 1945-46 Game DvnsiOK—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Miscellaneous Accovnts—Continued: Emergency Salary. % 21,258.05 992.71 $ 12,724.64 (Pittman-Robertson Projects 588.95) Transfer to Special Funds^ .-. .. Purchase and Development Lands and Waters.. 40,699.50 Total. $ 28,602.04 $ 62,407.78 Total Disbursements S 263,540.35 S 239,349.70 86,334.77 19,308.42 595.00 511.00 6,107.89 % 349,295.20 Less Receipts: $ 355,955.18 88,666.43 18,692.18 130.00 Miscellaneous Receipts 399.00 234.13 Total Receipts—Game .. $ 352,206.78 $ 464,076.92 Credit Balance Forward—Game $ 88,666.43 $ 123,547.97 360,666.38 $ 114,781.72 Summary Game and Fish Funds: Total Credit Balance prom Preceding Year % 140,419.83 •Total Net Receipts .. 519,823.49 Total Net Revenue $ 484,214.35 343,794.52 $ 660,243.32 Less Total Net Disbursements 415,908.73 Total 1 140,419.83 $ % 244,334.59 Less Transfer to Special Funds: $ 48.917.00 Total Credit Balance Forward To Secceedino Year $ 140,419.83 $ 195,417.59 PURCHASE AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUNTING AND FISHING LANDS AND WATERS—SPECIAL FUNDS Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 Disbursements: Less Receipts: Inland Fisheries Fund: Fifty Cents on Each Non-resident and State License Sold $. $ 8,217.50 Game Fund: S $ 40,699.50 % 1 48,917.00 Total Credit Balance Forward To Succeeding Year S $ 48.917.00 •Deposits during fiscal year. DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES INTRODUCTION The livelihood of thousands of citizens and the support of their families depend upon commercial fishing. These fishermen are assured that the Department of Conservation and Development will give them the fullest measure of cooperation consistent with the best interest of all concerned. The primary purpose of the Department is to achieve maximum production with a minimum loss to this great natural resource. To this end, rules and regulations, based upon considered judgment, are passed; restricted areas, that have been proved polluted under thorough laboratory test, are set off; as large a patrol of com-mercial waters as our means will permit is maintained; and an edu-cational program, as personal and individual as possible, is encouraged. However, the Department acknowledges it is not infallible and that mistakes may be made in supervising such a large enterprise. FOOD FISH The quality of edible food fish produced this biennium is around a million pounds short of that produced the previous period. This decrease was caused by the lack of ice and adequate facilities for handling the fish and not by their scarcity. During the fall season of 1945 we had more fish than usual but could not market them for the reasons stated above which forced some of the fishermen who had made large catches of fish in their nets to turn them out alive. It is reasonably safe to say that we shall not be handicapped this next biennium or in the foreseeable future by the lack of ice because our ice output has been increased appreciably and because a quick-freezing plant at Beaufort will soon be in operation. The old N. C. Fisheries plant at Morehead City has been sold to a Baltimore concern and renamed the Croatan Freezing Seafood Company. This plant which has a storage capacity of 800,000 pounds that we have never had the advantage of before will also be available in the future for taking care of large catches of fish. The fishermen marketed 90,717,000 pounds of food fish at a price of $7,692,050 during this biennium as against 91,475,000 pounds the previous biennium at a price of $6,434,800. SHRIMP The production of shrimp this biennium was the largest known for a like period. Large catches of shrimp were made on the inside for the season 1945 two weeks earlier than usual and continued for four weeks longer than usual because of favorable weather. This activity in the ocean during 1945 was a complete failure except in the Southport area. The shrimp catch was 9,826,810 pounds during this biennium at a value of $1,965,362.00 to the fishermen as against 5,900,000 pounds at a value of $590,000.00 for the previous period. 35 36 MENHADEN One of the disappointments experienced this biennium was the failure of the out-of-State menhaden boats to fish in our waters north of Hatteras. Previous to the war this Department collected from $3,500.00 to $4,500.00 a year in licenses from this activity. The second big disappointment was experienced when the weather turned bad during the fall of 1945 at the height of the fishing season. At that time the large menhaden were here in great schools but the few days of bad weather drove the fish away and when the boats were able to go to sea again fish were found only in small quantities. No other big schools of large menhaden came into our waters during the rest of the season; however, the few days the boats did work in the big fish such quantities of fish were brought in that factories were kept going night and day at full capacity. The State produced this period 376,816,000 menhaden valued at $2,871,000.00; and mar-keted 3,768,000 gallons of oil valued at $2,072,000.00 and 27,181 tons of scrap valued at $1,627,000.00. The nine menhaden plants in the State, eight of which are in Carteret County and one in Brunswick, represent an investment of $1,800,000; the boats, $2,000,000; and nets, $150,000. OYSTERS The oystermen received a much better price for their oysters per bushel during this biennium than ever before. Largely for this reason, more men and many more boats were engaged in this activity than ever before in the history of the industry. The Department did every-thing it could with the means in hand to keep a close supervision over this activity, especially in enforcing the cull law and the size of power boats engaged in dredging. The production was 721,689 bushels of oysters this biennium valued at $1,082,534 as against 752,268 bushels for the past biennium valued at $752,268. This production does not take into consideration the oysters that were used for home consumption and those that were produced on private oyster beds. A bushel of oysters is five pecks instead of four as in other measures. CLAMS The output of clams this biennium was 60,814 bushels valued at $121,628 as against 75,431 bushels valued at $150,862 for the previous period. This decrease was not due to the lack of clams but because of lack of markets. One of the largest clam dealers was not able to operate this past season because the nationally known canning com-pany which bought his output was not able to get cans to pack the clams. This report does not take into consideration the clams that were used for home consumption. ESCALLOPS There was a production of 3,211 gallons of escallops valued at $12,844 compared with 2,000 gallons at a value of $4,000 last bi- 3T. ennium. More escallops than for years were available. Nineteen years ago escalloping was one of our main fisheries but after the eel grass disappeared all along the coast the production of escallops stopped completely. The grass is still very scarce and some of the soft crab dealers have to order their grass from Crisfield, Maryland to use in packing their crabs. CRABS Within the past few years the hard crab has been much more important to the State and the crabbers than the soft crab from a revenue standpoint. Many more citizens were engaged in the industry and they were more widely distributed. There have been twelve new hard crab packing plants built this biennium in Dare, Beaufort, Pamlico and Carteret counties—the areas where this industry is most active. Production of soft crabs was 69,056 dozen, valued at $138,112, compared with 76,420 dozen, valued at $114,630, the previous period. We produced 10,100,000 pounds of hard crabs, valued at $404,000, this biennium as against 10,000,000 pounds, valued at $400,000, the previous period. REPORT OF DISTRICT SANITARIAN Captain John A. Nelson, Fisheries Commissioner Morehead City, N. C. Dear Captain Nelson: It is a pleasure to submit this brief report of the various activities conducted by the office of Shellfish Sanitation during the biennium ending June 30, 1946. During this biennium there were 1,184 sanitary inspections made of the 198 shellfish plants. Samples of shellfish growing waters col-lected and subjected to bacteriological examinations totaled more than 3,300. Detailed plans for 44 new shellfish plants were prepared and furnished without charge. North Carolina shellfish industries made great strides during the biennium. In spite of the shortage of building material and essential equipment 22 new shucking plants were built at a cost of $58,000, increasing the number of plants certified to 48. Twelve new shellstock plants were built at a cost of $6,000, bringing the total number of shellstock dealers to 130. Twelve new crab meat plants, valued at $27,000, were built. In addition to the expenditures for new plants of all types, approximately $32,000 was spent in enlarging or repair-ing old plants. The cooperative attitude of most shellfish dealers has demonstrated that they have apparently begun to recognize sanitation as an eco-nomic necessity. They have responded admirably to the U. S. Public Health Service's elevation of minimum sanitary requirements. They have learned that quality of product is essential to financial success; I have learned that financial success for the producer is also essential 38 for best sanitation. Plants nov/ rate favorably with the best in the nation. The weakest link in the production chain has been the acute shortage of willing and competent workers. However, in spite of the many factors retarding production, North Carolina shellfish catchers and shippers enjoyed the most successful seasons in many years. More than a thousand plant employees were provided with well paying jobs. Due largely to the highly perishable quality of crab meat and shucked oysters, maximum production has neither been attained nor sought. The bulk of shellfish shipments is consigned to northern mar-kets already flooded. Bad roads from plants to main highways cause long delays in shipments to markets. Several new quick-freeze plants are now under construction; perhaps they will furnish the solution to this problem. There is definite need for development of markets within this State. Steps should be taken to acquaint the buying public of the high sanitary quality of North Carolina shellfish. In cooperation with the Division of Commercial Fisheries of the N. C. Department of Conservation and Development, and the U. S. Public Health Service, the State Board of Health completed extensive sanitary and bacteriological surveys of the following shellfish pro-ducing waters: Shallow Bag Bay and Croatan Sound in Dare County; Core Sound, Newport River, Taylor's Creek, Bogue Sound and Oyster Creek in Carteret County; White Oak River, Queen Creek, New River, Stump Sound and Barlow Creek in Onslow County. As a result of the surveys, the taking of clams and oysters from several thousand acres of productive bottoms has been restricted. Closed areas were marked and suitable posters prepared and dis-tributed. Constant supervision over the patrolling of restricted shell-fish areas had been maintained, resulting in the apprehension of several persons observed taking clams or oysters from polluted waters. However, the addition of one or more shallow draft boats for patrolling restricted shellfish waters is recommended as the present territories restricted are too extensive to be ' amply covered by the boats now available for this purpose. The abnormally large concentration of military and civilian personnel in the coastal areas has multiplied the sewage pollution of coastal waters. Sewerage treatment facilities in many of eastern communities are dangerously inadequate, hence not only has a public health hazard been created but shellfishermen have been deprived of many acres of clam and oyster bottoms. In concluding this report, I wish to express my , appreciation for the complete cooperation and assistance you and the members of your staff have extended me and my co-workers in the performance of our duties. Respectfully submitted, N. McKeithen Caldwell, Shellfish Sanitarian, N. C. State Board of Health 39 DIAMOND-BACK TERRAPIN Large quantities of diamond-back terrapin are in our waters, but they are not caught because there is no market for them. The Federal Laboratory at Pivers Island liberated 8,500 young terrapin in our sounds and bays during this biennium. PATROL BOATS Since the last report the John A. Nelson has been returned to us by the Coast Guard and has been sold. We now have the Hatteras which is stationed at Morehead City; the Albemarle, at Edenton; Croatan and Pungo, at Manteo; Ocracoke, at Belhaven; Neuse, at New Bern; and the speed boat, Atlantic, at Morehead City. The U. S. Public Health Service has restricted territory for shellfish and the Atlantic patrols the territory around Morehead City, Beaufort and in Bogue Sound. We have bought a new boat which is now in New Bern having the house put on it. We hope to have this 46-foot boat, which is known as a Coresounder, ready by the first of the year for patrolling oyster grounds in Pamlico Sound. When this boat has been put in commission, our patrol enforcement services should be much more satisfactory. 40 KIND, QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH TAKEN IN WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA For the Period July 1944 to June 30, 1946 Kind of Fish No. Pounds Value Spotted Trout Gray Trout Sea Mullet Blue Fish Mullet Croakers Spots Hog Fish. Mackerel Shad Herring Butters Carp Rock or Striped Bass. Flounders Puppy Drum White Perch Cats Eels.. Jack Pike Pompano Channel Bass Sheephead ,500,000 ,300,000 800,000 ,000,000 ,500,000 ,000,000 ,500,000 900,000 800,000 ,800,000 ,000,000 ,200,000 ,200,000 900,000 ,300,000 700,000 800,000 700,000 100,000 500,000 40.000 15,000 150,000 12,000 Total Food Fish. Shrimp Menhaden (No. Fish). 90,717,000 .9,826,810 376,816,000 Total Value Fin Fish. 875,000.00 ,476,000.00 48,000.00 120,000.00 780,000.00 600,000.00 870,000.00 54,000.00 120,000.00 720,000.00 900,000.00 72,000.00 144,000.00 225,000.00 345,000.00 84,000.00 96,000.00 84,000.00 12,000.00 50,000.00 4,000.00 3,750.00 7,500.00 1,800.00 7,692,050.00 1,965,362.00 2,871,000.00 $12,528,412.00 Shellfish Oysters Clams Soft Shell Crabs. Escallops Hard Crabs 721,689 (bushels) $1,082,534.00 60,814 (bushek) 121,628.00 69,056 (dozen) 138,112.00 3,211 (gaUons) 12,344.00 10,100,000 (pounds) 404,000.00 Total Value Shellfish $1,758,618.00 Totals Value of Fin Fish $12,528,412.00 Value of Shellfish. 1,758,618.00 Total Value Water Products. $14,287,030.00 41 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT For Biennium 1944-45—1945-46 1945-46 Administration and INSPECTIO^f: Commissioner's Salary Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies Postage, Telephone and Telegram. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Office Rent Insurance and Bonding Equipment Other Sources 4,200.00 17,024.60 163.90 398.43 506.45 399.09 2,837.25 1,000.00 79.12 4,800.00 19,858.00 102.01 305.33 601.35 408.40 3,280.21 1,066.67 47.60 100.00 43.50 Total, Pperation Patrol Boats: Salaries and Wages Supplies Gas and Oils Equipment Subsistence Docks and Warehouses Marking Fishing Limits Fire Insurance—Patrol Boats Repairs Boat Hatteras Purchase of Boat ($3,250. hull—$8,998. transfer). Total $ 26,608.84 12,261.00 4,213.35 1,956.48 3,891.52 1,547.20 2,638.00 328.43 198.50 90.00 8,602.79 $ 30,613.07 16,362.50 4,878.20 2,782.54 5,294.82 500.00 3,632.00 390.00 285.55 139.17 12,148.00 Shellfish Sanitation: Supplies and Materials. Equipment , $ 35,727.27 125.74 12.50 $ 46,412.78 90.88 25.58 Total. Dtster Demonstration Farm: Salaries and Wages Supplies. Insurance and Bonding Subsistence 138.24 1,200.00 146.70 13.50 240.00 116.46 $ 1,380.00 241.50 240.00 Total. Employees War Bonus.. - Emergency Salary 1,600.20 2,618.00 1,861.50 2,714.45 Total Expenditures. Less Receipts $ 66,692.55 43,567.19 ? 81,718.26 65,439.89 Appbopbiation. $ 23,125.36 $ 16,278.37 42 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS—Continued 1944-45 1945-46 Receipts: Food Fish Licenses and Taxes Oyster Licenses and Taxes Escallop Licenses and Taxes Clam Licenses and Taxes Crab Licenses and Taxes Menhaden Licenses Power Boat Licenses Other Sources Allocation from Navy—Hatteras. Alloeation from Navy—Nelson... Sale of boat Nelson $ 7,993.01 8,739.68 1,580.53 4,024.37 15,188.00 452.50 3,228.85 2,360.25 16,839.37 15,806.20 180.55 1,646.58 5,329.54 10,511.50 357.50 2,620.65 Total. $ 43,567.19 8,998.00 3,150.00 $ 65,439. DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY The biennium covered by this report presented far beyond the ordinary assortment of circumstances with attending variety of prob-lems. During the early part of the two-year period the country was engaged in warfare, and with the termination of the conflict the post-war period was entered. Naturally, these changing conditions affected vitally the course of industry which ranged from all-out war production, the first steps in reconversion, and civilian production. Even during the latter months of the war, when there was a decreasing demand for war materials and the cancellation of orders began, industry speeded up plans for reconversion. At the beginning of 1945, activities of the special Committee on War Industrial Coordination were terminated with the completion of a program designed to help manufacturers switch into war pro-duction. This Committee, through Secretary J. E. Coad, assisted many industries in bridging the gap between their normal operations and conversion into the production of materials of war. As the production of all except the most essential consumer items was stopped, it was necessary for the best interests of the country and the workers to switch this capacity into more vital production. It was in helping to speed this transition that the most valuable service of the committee was rendered. Members of the Committee on War Industrial Coordination served on a voluntary basis and they deserve the gratitude of the State. Mr. Coad resigned as secretary of the group at the beginning of 1945 to enter private business. PERSONNEL Employment of an adequate staff was one of the primary problems of the Division during the biennium, and at no time during this period was it possible to assemble a complete organization. Because of scarcity of qualified personnel, it was necessary in the previous bi-ennium to employ a part-time industrial engineer. The Division obtained the services of R. W. Redwine, representative of Eastman, Scott and Company, which handles the State advertising account. Mr. Redwine went back to full-time with the agency after serving through the most pressing war emergency period. In November, 1945, W. C. Lehew, an engineer with considerable experience in industry, personnel management, sales, and advertising was employed as assistant industrial engineer and worked through i the rest of the biennium. Mr. Lehew, however, plans to enter business I for himself soon after the close of the biennium. I M. L. Shepherd, who was released from the army as lieutenant- I colonel, came with the Division as assistant industrial engineer in March 1946. Mr. Shepherd was on the faculty and the administrative 43 44 staff of N. C. State College for a number of years before entering the service. He is a graduate engineer and has done post-graduate work in administrative engineering. One of the most pressing problems at the close of the biennium was that of finding a suitable stafif to carry on the Rural Industries promotional program. A fuller account of this activity will be given in another part of this report. GENERAL ACTIVITIES Glesinger Report: Dr. Egon Glesinger, a forest economist with considerable European background, was employed early in 1945 to make a study of forest conditions in the State from the viewpoint of proposing a long-time utilization program, particularly from the standpoint of utilizing parts of the tree that heretofore have been wasted. Dr. Glesinger completed his study late in 1944 and his report was issued early in 1945. This report intensified interest in the further development of wood-using industries and it is believed that it will play an important part in future developments. The study was made possible through the particular interest of Governor Broughton and funds made available by Henry Wilson, Morganton furniture manu-facturer. Analytical and General Activities: Because of the large number of industrial prospects which have been served during these two years, the amount of general long-range research has been limited. The time spent with individual prospects is often duplicated or surpassed by research to fit the individual requirements. The requests on the part of the industrialists range from the simple to the intricate and involved. As an example, a large metal working company initiated a study of sites in connection with expansion plans. A representative of the company was taken on a tour of inspection through a considerable part of the State. On his departure, the engineer left a questionnaire which he stated would govern, to a considerable extent along with his personal observations, the final decision of the company. Questions propounded by the company covered six pages and the Division was requested to fill out one for each of several communi-ties. The answers involved the expenditure of a number of days on each. In addition, the engineer suggested that a brochure for each community would be helpful and go a long way toward determining upon a site. It happens that there was not an active Chamber of Commerce in any of the towns receiving major consideration and the duty of providing the information devolved largely upon the Division. The time of one man for more than a week was required to fill this demand. More than the normal amount of attention was devoted to this prospect because the industry would be particularly desirable as it would help to diversify the State's industrial structure. Industrial Directory: The Division assembled basic information for the revision of the industrial directory printed in 1938, but with the 45 issuance of a list of manufacturers by the Department of Labor in 1944, these plans were held in abeyance. After consultation with the Department of Labor, the Unemploy-ment Compensation Commission, and other interested agencies, it was decided that the Division should proceed with the revision of its list of industries. This list will be issued in mimeographed form by classification units. Thus sections of the list will be available for distribution separately. More often than otherwise, only one section of the list fills the requirement of a request. The issuance of the directory in sections will enable the Division to expand its service in helping to promote new outlets for North Carolina manufactured products at a considerable saving in cost. Guilford County Survey: In 1945, the Division cooperated with the State Planning Board and local organizations in working out a pro-cedure for a survey of the resources of Guilford County. This study is contemplated as a general appraisal of the resources of the county with the idea that it might be a model. The Division's participation is to be the compilation of a form tor information on industries of the county and assistance in analyzing data gathered in the study for the purpose of stimulating further utilization of raw materials for manufacturing processes. Literature: Although general plans have been made for a brochure on industrial advantages and opportunities in the State, it has not been practical to complete the undertaking. One member of the staff devoted considerable attention to the compilation of materials for the proposed booklet but, after this engineer left the employment of the Department, facilities to complete the work have not been available. Municipal Data: The compilation of basic data by towns which was started last biennium has been continued. This is carried on as a part-time job with the office force shifting into this activity during slack periods. A special sheet was devised for the purpose. These data are for ready office reference and preliminary information for prospects. Market Data: Considerable time is devoted in the Division to activi-ties directed toward the expansion of markets for North Carolina products. New outlets for North Carolina's manufactured products and raw materials are being constantly found as a result of informa-tion furnished through the Division. A six-month sample of inquiries and their subjects which were answered by the Division is as follows: Textile, 17; Timber Resources, 129; Plant Location, 77; Furniture and Finished Wood Products, 16; Wearing Apparel, 6; Dinnerware and Pottery, 28; General, 67; Lumber, 10; Poultry, 1; Agricultural Products, 7; Silver, 2; Transportation, 2; Tobacco, 2; Pickle, 2; Paper, 1; Catnip, 1; Canneries, 1; Brick and Clay, 1; Food, 1; Drugs, 1; Mining, 1; Labor, 1; Minerals, 2; Iron, 3; Fertilizer, 1; Peanut, 2; Soy Beans, 1; Electricity, 1; Chemicals, 3; Flax, 1; and Plastics, 1. These and others totaled 398. Most of the inquiries could not be answered by simple, readily available facts 46 but required research and frequent contacts with other sources to supplement data in our files. Service to Veterans: Every effort has been made in the Division to give the maximum service to veterans who need assistance in setting up their own business or manufacturing plant. The calls for this service were particularly numerous during the latter part of 1945 and early in 1946 as large numbers were being released from the armed forces and were planning new ventures. Many veterans called in person at the Department in quest of ideas for new lines of endeavor and for information which would help them get started in business. In one six-month period, 47 veterans were assisted. North Carolina Forest Resources Appraisal: The Division of Com-merce and Industry, in its efforts to promote sound development of the forest resources, joined other agencies in the prosecution of this study in March of 1945. The appraisal was made under the direction of the American Forestry Association with this Division, the Division of Forestry, and the School of Forestry of N. C. State College coop-erating. It is contemplated that county data will be made available as a result of the study. N.E.A. Vacation Center: In the summer of 1946, the National Edu-cation Association established a vacation center at Bryson City. This center is one of a series planned by the N.E.A. for various sections of the country to give teachers an opportunity to enjoy a planned vacation at a modest cost. The center at Bryson City is the first in the eastern part of the country. The initial number of patrons was small but it is believed that the center will grow steadily and may be the means of attracting additional thousands of visitors to the State each year. There is some likelihood that another center may be estab-lished on the coast. A representative of this Division spent considerable time in helping Paul H. Kinsel, head of the Travel Department of the N.E.A., to find facilities for the center. Rotary Headquarters: Upon receipt of a report that Rotary Inter-national was considering moving its headquarters. Governor R. Gregg Cherry issued a cordial invitation for the consideration of North Carolina. The Division of Commerce and Industry followed through by furnishing information on the State's facilities and its advantages. However, it appears now as if the headquarters will remain in Chicago. Industrial Building Lists: Manufacturing space has been one of the most severe limitations to the location of industries in North Carolina during the biennium, and the Division has exercised all the ingenuity of which it was capable in seeking means to surmount this difficulty. The search for existing buildings has been continuous throughout the two-year period. At fairly frequent intervals the State is circular-ized in an effort to locate manufacturing space. Constant contacts are made with Chambers of Commerce and various civic groups; real 47 estate agencies are canvassed; and the cooperation of the railroads and power companies is enlisted in locating industrial quarters. Information assembled as a result of these efforts is tabulated at intervals and issued in mimeographed form. These lists are circulated among developmental agencies and sent directly to prospects. Wherever possible, a representative of the Department inspects the buildings and obtains a description in order that they may be presented most effectively to the prospect. During the biennium, the 19th in the series of available industrial lists was issued. This particular list carried information on 47 build-ings. Although few of the buildings were in what might be classed as good condition and ready for immediate use, the demand is illustrated by removal of 19 from the former list. The utility of these lists is shown by the fact that several industries have been established as a direct result of its circulation and others are believed to have gone into operation as an indirect result. Scarcity of building materials, rising costs of construction, and Fed-eral regulations proved to be a positive check on industrial construc-tion during the last several months. Numerous projects which had been definitely planned were postponed. This situation is undoubtedly an important factor in the slackening of the number of industrial prospects near the close of the biennium. In addition to systematic efforts to locate ready-built manufacturing space, the Division has attempted to develop interest on the part of community groups in erecting industrial buildings for lease to manufacturers. It has also encouraged local groups to assist prospects in every practical way in working out building problems. It is en-couraging to note that some community construction enterprises have been carried out and building funds have been raised in others. The Division, however, does not encourage gifts or what is known in promotional circles as "concessions" to manufacturers, but it does aim to protect them against exploitation. Site Studies: One of the most pressing needs of the Division is a thorough study of plant sites in the State and the tabulation of data on the most promising. From time to time, some of this work has been done but there is a definite demand for a State-wide study, listing, and tabulation of site data. Much of the site data in the files of the Division has been assembled in cooperation with development agencies, but more complete infor-mation is needed. A study of this nature has been carried out in Vir-ginia, and, as a result, the promotional agencies have been able to present their sites more completely and effectively and with minimum loss of time. No one can tell exactly the effect this has had in bringing more industries but it is undoubtedly good salesmanship which must inevitably bring results. The Division is constantly seeking further cooperation from other agencies which are concerned in the development of the State in assembling site information. It is believed that at least one of these proposals will bear fruit within the next several months in the form of a field survey in one section of the State. 48 PLANT LOCATIONS Realizing that intelligent and well-guided industrial promotion rests partly on a knowledge of what is being accomplished, the Division in 1945 set about to list, tabulate and classify new and projected industries and expansions. This undertaking was carried out for the calendar year 1945 and for the first half of 1946. This survey indicates that the rate of industrial expansion, im-mediately preceding and following the termination of hostilities in World War II was greater than for any similar period on record. Following is a summary of industrial progress during 1945 and the first six months of 1946: NEW AND PROPOSED INDUSTRIES—1945 Industry Number Approx. Invest. Approx. No. Workers Approx. Annual Payrolls Textile Mill Products Food and Kindred Products Furniture and Finished Lumber Products-,. Stone, Clay and Glass Products Paper and Allied Products Lumber and Timber Basic Products Chemicals and Allied Products Nonferrous Metals and Their Products Machinery, Except Electrical Tobacco Manufacture --. Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries — Total—New Industries 34,500,000 5,350,000 2,500,000 750,000 2,250,000 750,000 500,000 350,000 300,000 20,000 390,000 9,200 2,190 1,500 450 750 900 400 175 185 40 380 11.500,000 3,095,000 1,800,000 305,000 1,500,000 825,000 600,000 365,000 300,000 60,500 550,000 225 $ 47,660,000 16,165 $ 20,930,500 NEW AND PROPOSED EXPANSIONS—1945 Industry Number Approx. Invest. Approx. No. Workers Approx. Annual Payrolls Textile Mill Products Food and Kindred Products Furniture and Finished Lumber Products. Paper and Allied Products Chemicals and Allied Products -.- Machinery, Except Electrical Tobacco Manufacture Stone, Clay and Glass Products Electrical Machinery Iron and Steel and Their Products Automobiles and Automotive Equipment - Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries.. Total—Expansions. Grand Total.. 162 387 24,000,000 1,350,000 1,750,000 6,500,000 500,000 125,000 450,000 125,000 65,000 50,000 35,000 1,600,000 36,530,000 84,210,000 12,000 590 1,300 2,250 650 200 300 50 50 150 15 1,150 15,000,000 835,000 1,750,000 4,270,000 950,000 350,000 450,000 34,000 120,000 280,000 30,000 1,750,000 18,705 34,870 $ 25,569,000 $ 46,499,500 49 NEW AND PROPOSED INDUSTRIES First six months of 1946 Industry Number Approx. Invest. Approx. No. Workers Approx. Annual Payrolls Textile Mill Products Furniture and Finished Lumber Products... Apparel and Other Finished Products Food and Kindred Products Stone, Clay and Glass Products Chemicals and Allied Products Lumber and Timber Basic Products Machinery, Except Electrical Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Total—New Industries 11,500,000 425,000 840,000 2,025,000 319,500 840,000 200,000 30,000 13,180,000 181 S 29,359,500 5,250 570 1,950 480 170 700 120 23 7,755 17,018 8,325,000 830,000 3,500,000 700,000 275,000 1,030,000 175,000 45,000 14,534,000 $ 29,414,000 NEW AND PROPOSED EXPANSIONS First six months of 1946 Industry Number Approx. Invest. Approx. No. Workers Approx. Annual Payrolls Textile Mill Products . . 66 13 5 4 3 2 7 $ 27,500,000 1,225,000 387,000 2,000,000 75,000 100,000 1,845,000 10,000 390 210 150 35 250 585 $ 15,860,000 570,000 306,000 195,000 55,000 442,000 1,097,000 Total—-Expansions. 100 281 $ 33,132,000 S 62,491,500 11,620 28,638 $ 18,525,000 Grand Total. $ 47,939.000 Total Fob 18 Months From Janu-ary 1, 1945 TO July 1, 1946—New Industries and Expansions 668 % 146,701,500 63,508 $ 94,438,500 Because the location of an industry is seldom, if ever, the accom-plishment of any individual or single agency, no attempt has been made to claim definite responsibility on the part of this Division for any specific number of new plants. It is known that the Division has made direct contributions to the location of many of these new plants and indirectly to others. Assistance is constantly being extended to other agencies in working with their prospects, and conversely others repeatedly assist us. The number of concerns interested in locations during the report period has, no doubt, been the largest since the establishment of the 50 Division. This naturally means that the time required in direct and indirect contacts has been greater than before. The major activity of our staff has been in working with prospects, leaving little time for general planning and long-range promotion. From all appearances, major attention must be given to working with prospects during the next few years. At the same time, increasing thought will be devoted to long-range planning and promotion, par-ticularly with the objective of seeking greater diversijBcation of the State's economic structure. There should be no slackening of the State's effort to attract in-dustry. Competition is keen between the various commonwealths for new manufacturing and commercial concerns, and an effective pro-gram will guide many to this State which would otherwise locate elsewhere. If the resources of more than one state are approximately equal, an effective presentation may clinch the deal for the particular one which goes out to accomplish this result. Mineral Industries: Particular attention was focused throughout the war on increased utilization of North Carolina's varied mineral re-sources. The Division of Commerce and Industry teamed with the Division of Mineral Resources in seeking more thorough exploration of the State's mineral deposits and their utilization. Consistently during the past several years, these Divisions have urged the utilization of the millions of tons of olivine as a source of metallic magnesium. Opportunities in this field were repeatedly brought to the attention of governmental officials and private capital during the war, and it is hoped that these efforts may bear fruit in the future. One of the deterring factors was the lack of a proven, economical recovery process. As a result of quickened interest in this mineral, two processes which have wide promise have been worked out. One of these has gone through the pilot stage and it is believed that its feasibility has been satisfactorily demonstrated. One of the most constructive results of the mineral program has been deeper interest of the U. S. Bureau of Mines in North Carolina. RURAL INDUSTRIES The trend of industrial development in the State during past several years has been primarily toward those counties which are already most heavily industrialized. This naturally means that many of the counties are receiving only indirect benefits from new payrolls, addi-tional outlets for raw materials, and operating profits. Recent studies reveal that 95 per cent of the industry of North Carolina is west of Raleigh. Ten counties provide almost half the industrial employment and these counties contain only about 21 per cent of the State's population. Three classes of industry, textiles, to-bacco, and wood products, furnish employment to about 85 per cent of the industrially employed in the State. These factors emphasize the need for more industrial development in other counties. Economists and public leaders in the State point 51 out that the increasing mechanization of farms will release large numbers of workers to industry in the future. Most of these will be forced to migrate to find work if nearby employment is not provided. These conditions emphasize the need of a program which will encourage and assist in the establishment of small manufacturing units located in rural areas, utilizing nearby raw materials, and financed by local capital. Dr. Clarence Poe, editor of the Progressive Farmer, has been a leader in this movement. In the latter part of 1945, Governor R. Gregg Cherry appointed a general committee on Rural Industries, and a meeting of the group was called in Raleigh in November of that year. A plan of procedure, calling for 11 district meetings scattered throughout the State was mapped out at the Raleigh conference and an Operating Committee w^as appointed. This committee consists of the following: Dr. L. D. Baver, chairman; Paul Kelly, secretary; Felix A. Grisette, Randall B. Etheridge, Dan E. Stewart, Dr. Clarence Poe, T. A. Rochelle, Dr. I. O. Schaub, T. E. Browne. Administration of the program was subsequently placed under the Division of Commerce and Industry. Although some progress had been made by the end of the biennium, the program had not gotten into full swing, pending the employment of a staff. Because the success of the program depends, to a considerable extent, on the caliber of individuals employed to carry it on, the Division is pro-ceeding carefully in their selection. However, in spite of the shortage of help, some definite steps have been taken. Under the direction of the Operating Committee, plans have been made for the 11 district meetings; subject matter to be covered has been outlined; and speakers have been tentatively selected. One of the most constructive contributions to the program to date has been the preparation of a manuscript by W. A. Smith and R. E. Hertzler, of The Southeastern Forest Experiment Station on the "Pre-servative Treatment of Fence Posts." This was published as Resource- Industry Series No. 1 of the Division. The response was most pleasing as indicated by widespread requests for copies, and comments from many sources. Within sixty days after it became available, some three out of four thousand copies of the publication had been dis-tributed. The most pleasing result of the appearance of the booklet is the fact that it has created considerable interest in the possibilities as outlined. Several individuals have undertaken further studies of the opportunity outlined in the booklet and some have indicated plans for the construction of plants. There are no records in the Depart-ment of the prior existence of any plants of the nature suggested although there are some larger plants for the treatment of telephone and power poles, etc. At the close of the biennium, several persons were under consid-eration for the rural industries staff and it is hoped that the program may be in full swing before the end of 1946. Present plans are to complete the series of meetings before the close of the year. DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND PARKS The end of World War II and the upsurge of interest in all phases of forestry and State park development has challenged this Division to meet the demands of the citizens of the State. The place of the basic resources of timber and timberland in the economy of the State has reached a peak heretofore unequalled. Timberland owners com-posed of farmers, pulp and paper companies, lumber companies and investment forest land owners are expecting better forest fire control and better forest management. These vitally interested individuals and other farseeing citizens are looking to the State for leadership and assistance. The State park system must be enlarged and developed to meet the pressure of a greatly increased use of presently inadequate facilities. The report on State parks in the following pages is an indication of the importance of this activity of the State government. Personnel. With the continuing absence of some of the key men of the Division, due to the war, it was urgent that the services of John S. Holmes as State Forester be continued as long as feasible. Mr. Holmes had been in immediate charge of the State's Forestry work in this Department and in its predecessor departments since June 1, 1909. However, in order to lessen the strain of administrative work, and at his own request, on February 1, 1945, the Board authorized a change in his status from State Forester to Associate State Forester. Effective on the same date William K. Beichler was appointed to the position as State Forester. Beichler had joined the Department July 1, 1927, as District Forester at Asheville, having previously served with the U. S. Forest Service in western North Carolina, and in Minnesota, and with the Maryland State Forest Service. At the time of this appointment as State Forester, Beichler had served since March 1, 1942, as Assistant State Forester in charge of Forest Fire Control. During the biennium, personnel losses in the Division, especially with respect to technical foresters, were serious; replacements, again particularly of technical personnel, were almost impossible during that war period. The low ebb in the employment of technical foresters by the State Forest Service over the past ten or fifteen years was reached in the spring of 1945. At that time the entire State Forest Service included only four technical foresters in the Raleigh ofl&ce and two in the field force (the field force representing seven district offices, two forest nurseries and one State forest). The end of the war permitted the return of T. W. Morse in October 1945, J. R. Spratt in November 1945, and F. H. Claridge in January 1946. These men assumed positions in charge of the Branches of State Parks, Forest Fire Control, and Forest Management, respectively. On March 1, 1946, W. L. Beasley, Jr., formerly employed with the Division as Associate Forester, returned after four years in the Army. 52 53 The establishment of a much needed Branch of Information and Edu-cation in the Division had been postponed during his absence. He was assigned as Assistant Forester in charge of this new work; unfortu-nately, however, he resigned after two months to accept a position in private industry at a considerably better salary. On June 15, 1946, Mrs. Edna J. Almand resigned as secretary to the State Forester. During the period between October 1, 1945, and June 30, 1946, technical foresters again became available, as a result of the end of the war. During that period we were able to employ technical District Foresters and Assistant District Foresters to the extent of our author-ized budget (District Foresters in eight of the nine district offices, and Assistant District Foresters in three district offices). This total includes the return of former District Forester B. H. Corpening from army service in Europe to our Asheville District office; he was the last of our men to return from the armed services. However, the MEMBERS OF DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND PARKS IN ARMED SERVICES 1940-46 Name Entered On Returned to Major Field Active Duty Dept.ofC&D of Service Remarks Wm. L. Beasley, Jr.._ March 4, 1942, Private, U. S. Army March 1, 1946 Captain, U. S. Army European Theatre M. M. Carstarphen.. Oct. 26, 1943 Sp(Fireman) 3rd CI. Aug. 19, 1944 Sp(Fireman) 3rd CI. Newport, R. L F. H. Claridge Nov. 10, 1940, (1 yr) Jan. 16, 1946, Camp Plauche, Army Commendation RecaUed Mar. 7, 1942 Lt. Col., U. S. Army New Orleans, La. Ribbon Captain, U. S. Army B. H. Corpening Nov. 29, 1942 July 1, 1946 European Theatre Battlefield Private, U. S. Army 1st Lt., U. S. Army Commission Wm.S. Edmunds.-.. Sept. 1, 1942 Jan. 1, 1946 A. A. F. Fort Bragg Private, U. S. Army Captain, U. S. Army and Shepard Field Thomas C.EUis Dec. 9, 1942 Private, U. S. Army April 1, 1946 Technician 5th Gr. U. S. Army Ft. Ord Jesse Long. June 28, 1944 Feb. 1, 1946 Camp Bradford Apprentice Seaman Seaman 1st. Class .Amphibious U. S. Navy U. S. Navy Training Base Thomas W. Morse. . . Mar. 7, 1944 Oct. 1, 1945 Naval Training Apprentice Seaman Boatswains Mate Station, Norfolk U. S. Navy 2nd CI.—U. S. Navy Operating Base C. C. Stott Mar. 9, 1941 Jan. 1, 1941 N. C. State CoUege 1st Lt., U. S. Army Major, U. S. Army Hdqtrs. 2nd Army Memphis, Tenn. James R. Speer Sept. 29, 1942 Private, U. S. Army Mar. 1, 1946 Technician 4th Gr. U. S. Army Pacific Theatre J. R. Spratt Feb. 1, 1943 Lt. (j. g.) U. S. Navy Nov. 16, 1945 Lt. (Sr. gr.) Pacific Theatre U. S. Navy R. L. Westerfield Sept. 30, 1943 Priyate, U. S. Army Nov. 7, 1945 Tech. Sergeant U. S. Army European Theatre 54 great expansion in the use of foresters by private forest products industries, together with the much higher salary range offered by such industries and by the Federal Government, made it impossible for us to keep these men. During that same nine months' period, as well as during the several months immediately following the end of the biennium, we experienced a great turnover in this technical personnel; at least five of the newly returned foresters resigned after short service to accept much higher salaries elsewhere. As is indicated above in regard to the number of District Foresters, the number of District Offices was increased from seven to nine, resulting from legislative authority effective July 1, 1945. The two new offices were established in the fall of 1945, in Sylva in Jackson County and Whiteville in Columbus County. Legislation. Little change was made in forestry legislation by the General Assembly of 1945. The chief gain was in the increase of funds allotted to forest fire control. The increase of $72,239 annually over the previous biennium indicates a demand by the public for State-wide protection. The use of this fund is reported elsewhere. Chapter 1035 Session Laws of 1945. To encourage the establishment of school practice forests in connection with Vocational Agricultural Schools. In order to encourage the study of woodland management as a regular feature in Vocational Agricultural Schools, Represent-atives Whitfield and Askew introduced a Bill and secured the enact-ment of this measure. It authorizes the acquisition by gift, purchase or lease for not less than 20 years of a parcel of woodland or open land suitable for forest planting, to be handled by the school in accordance with plans approved by some available publicly employed forester. This law provides a legal and suitable method of acquiring small school forests for educational purposes and calls the attention of the public to a valuable educational feature which already was legal but has heretofore been practiced only to a very limited extent. It was to facilitate the use of such school forests that Circular No. 28, "Practical Forest Management in Vocational Agricultural Schools," by J. S. Holmes, was prepared and printed. Chapter 407 Session Laws of 1945. This, the only other legal enact-ment dealing with the work of the Division of Forestry, is an amend-ment to Chapter 113, Section 34, General Statutes, repealing the exception to that measure which exempted Stokes County from the operation of the eminent domain proceedings for acquisition of land. By this measure the Act of 1941 becomes applicable to the whole State. Temporary Forest Survey Commission. In order to secure advance study by a representative group of legislators, so that the General Assembly of 1947 could have first hand information on the condition and needs of our forests, this measure was enacted. It provides for the appointment of a commission of two Senators and three Represent-atives "to prepare a report" designed as a guide for any legislation 55 the commission may deem necessary to place the forests of this State on a sound sustained yield basis. Gov. Cherry subsequently appointed the following commission: Senator Ryan McBryde of Hoke Senator Carroll P. Rogers of Polk Representative E. S. Askew of Pamlico, Chairman Representative William F. Marshall of Stokes Representative Wilbur H. Currie of Moore This commission up to July 1946 has held two meetings in the office of the Department of Conservation and Development which by the law is required to furnish such help to the commission as it may be able to supply. Cutting Practices In October of 1944, at the invitation of President Korstian of the N. C. Forestry Association, a representative group of Foresters, both privately employed and publicly employed, met in Asheville to con-sider possible State legislation regarding forest cutting practices. The group agreed upon and drew up a tentative bill for this purpose, which was to be kept available in case the 1945 General Assembly indicated a desire to enact this type of legislation. A called meeting of the Forestry Association was held in Raleigh in February 1945, to discuss the matter. Sentiment at that meeting and also among key members of the Legislature indicated that there was insufficient public demand for this type legislation, and accordingly no such bill was introduced in the 1945 General Assembly. The new Forestry Omnibus Bill (H.R. 6221) introduced into Congress April 30, 1946, would place cutting regulation, as well as a number of other activities which might well be State functions, in the hands of the Federal government if enacted into law. "Cutting Practices for the Carolinas," prepared by the Appalachian Section of the Society of American Foresters and distributed under a cover of this Department, might well be consulted in this connection. Study of State Forestry Administration. During 1944 the Society of American Foresters and the Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry Foun-dation agreed to sponsor jointly a series of surveys of State Forestry Administration in states whose Governors should request such service. It was most fitting that the principal organization meeting governing this proposal was held in October of that year in Biltmore, only two miles from Pack Square and the Pack Public Library in Asheville which had been donated to the city of Asheville by Charles L. Pack's father. It was equally appropriate that North Carolina became the first State in the Union to secure benefit of this survey. At the sugges-tion of the North Carolina Forestry Association, Governor Broughton extended on October 7, 1944, a cordial invitation to the Society of American Foresters to inaugurate this project in North Carolina. As a result, the survey was begun in the State on November 10, 1944 with Alfred B. Hastings of Maryland in charge of the field work. 56 Mr. Hastings, who completed the field work in March 1945, was eminently fitted to make this survey, having served as Assistant State Forester in both New Hampshire and Virginia and for the past twenty years having been connected with the Division of State Forestry of the U. S. Forest Service. The study was undertaken to define and establish standards neces-sary for the efficient adrriinistration of the State's forest resources, and to make recommendations as to how these standards may be met. The Division of Forestry furnished all feasible assistance in the way of information, office space, and occasional field travel to Mr. Hastings in the conduct of his study. The final Report in mimeographed form, as approved by the Society and the Foundation, was received by the Governor and the Department in early October of 1945. In this same form it was formally presented to Governor Cherry in person in his office, and to the Board of Conservation and Development in January of 1946. Shortly thereafter, arrangements were made by the Depart-ment to print the Report, and the printed copies were received by the State Forester in July of 1946. It is to be hoped that this thorough-going survey, with its 18 specific and listed recommendations, will enjoy the full and careful consideration of the people of the State. It is potentially capable of resulting in great progress for North Caro-lina's State Forestry Program. U. S. Forest Service Forest Re-Appraisal. The Chief of the Forest Service in his annual report for 1945 describes this extended study as follows: "It is desirable periodically to make a comprehensive re-view of the entire forest situation in order to appraise the condition of the resource and its management in terms of present and future needs." Such a reappraisal is now being made. Based on forest survey data and on new studies, this reappraisal will cover the quantity, quality, distribution, growth, and drain of the forest resources in the various regions. It will reconsider future requirements and give special attention to the adequacy of the available stand in each region to sustain the current output of forest products and meet future pro-duction goals. The character of forest practices during the war years, and the extent to which forest lands are now under various degrees of forest management, are also being examined. The reappraisal project will also consider various physical, economic, and social aspects of the forest situation that have a bearing on forest depletion, forest employment, progress in good forest management, and public forest policy." Part of this project involved a rather extensive study of sample counties selected as representing a small group of counties. Coopera-tion was to be asked from a number of public agencies employing foresters, such as the Soil Conservation Service and the Agricultural Extension Service. The idea was to make one forester responsible for the report on at least one sample county. In the early summer of 1945 this Department was asked to coop-erate by contributing some technical help in carrying out this study 57 and three men were assigned, each to one county. After a couple of days training with E. M. Gaines, State Leader of the Reappraisal project, each forester completed his assigned county by himself and wrote up the report, mailing it to the Regional Office in Atlanta. This assignment was finished before the end of July, P. A. Griffiths covering Alamance County, Frank J. Miller working Pender, and Walter J. Clark doing Nash County. No indication has been received as to when the report will be available. White Pine Blister Rust. This serious Asiatic enemy of the white pines, introduced from Europe about the beginning of this century, only recently invaded this State, having spread west much more rapidly than south. It was not until the fall of 1945 that the first diseased white pine in North Carolina was found in Ashe County, though diseased Ribes leaves were found in Ashe, Avery, Watauga and McDowell counties as early as 1941. While this disease is fatal to white pine wherever it becomes established, it can be prevented by the eradication of all Ribes (currants and gooseberries) within 900 feet of the nearest pine. This prevention work has been going on in western North Carolina for many years, first with no State financial allotment and then with State aid. The U. S. Division of Plant Quarantine has led this fight, which promises to be effective. Beginhing in 1937 the State Department of Agriculture has annually put $5,000 into this work, the Federal Government guaranteeing to meet this sum with an equal or greater amount. Our District offices have been instructed to cooperate in this pro-gram, so far as possible, especially in the inspection of white pine plantations and proposed planting sites. Landowners in the mountain region can still feel safe in planting white pine for timber production, except in a few very restricted areas where these Ribes have not yet been exterminated. The Holmes State Forest Nursery, where the Department grows its white pine seedlings for distribution to landowners, is outside the danger zone yet it is regularly and carefully inspected for this and other diseases. The State Forester, therefore, feels no hesitancy in recommending the planting of white pine in nearly all parts of western North Carolina. Forest Resources Appraisal of North Carolina. This appraisal in the words of the report is a "project of Nation-wide scope, organized by the American Forestry Association early in 1944. It is a fact finding survey to determine the effects of the war period upon the country's forests productive condition and to study means of improving these conditions." The Board of Conservation and Development at its semiannual meeting January 1945 gave approval to this cooperative project and authorized the Director to furnish "whatever data and information the Department may have which would be of value to the appraisal project and make such contribution of time of the staff of the Depart-ment which may be utilized to the advantage of the project without 58 detriment to the administration of the proper functions of the De-partment." This made possible the employment of James Roberts, Washington, D. C, as an office computer on this project for five months at $100 per month. The North Carolina Forest Resources Appraisal was begun in March 1945, and the field work completed by the middle of August. The work was undertaken as a cooperative agreement between the North Carolina State College Division of Forestry, the American Forestry Association and this Department. All field work and the development of the report was done by the authors, George K. Slocum, Associate Professor of Forestry, whose services were generously donated to this work by State College, and Charles R. Ross, Regional Consultant, American Forestry Association. A preliminary report on this survey was published in American Forests for December, 1945, and a copy of the full typewritten report was furnished this Depart-ment in the spring of 1946. Timber Farm,s Program. The award of the Timber Farm Certificates to timber land owners who have accomplished outstanding results in the practice of forestry was unavoidably curtailed during the war due to the lack of personnel. The project jointly sponsored by the N. C. Forestry Association and the Southern Pine Association, assisted by the State Forester and Extension Forester and a forester from the U. S. Forest Service, has been an excellent means of stimulating good forestry practices. Appropriate signs are being erected on the prop-erties of those awarded the certificates. To date the following 19 timber land owners have qualified representing a total woodland area of 253,599 acres. TIMBER FARMS Name Log Cabin Association O.W. McManus Ben H. Nicholson Camp Mfg. Company. A. M. Carpenter Genie Shepherd B.H.Perry Mrs. T.B.Williams.. Lacy L. McAllister R. L. Stowe Rice Gwyn, Jr Frank M. Harper Colin G. Spencer C. H.Goslen R. C. Enloe Duke Power Company. K.Clyde Council Dr. J. A. AUen Riegel Paper Company Address Sylva. N. C. Gibson, N. C. Cowarts. N.C. Franklin, Va. Rt. 4, Durham, N. C. Rt. 3, Durham, N. C. Henderson, N. C. Ridgeway, N. C. Greensboro, N. C. Belmont, N. C. Longwood, N. C. Raleigh, N. C. Carthage, N.C. Rt. 1, Pfafftown, N. C. Rt. 1, Franklin, N. C. Charlotte, N. C. Wananish, N. C. New London, N. C. Bolton, N. C. County Jackson Scotland Jackson Hertford Durham Durham Franklin Warren Anson Gaston Brunswick Wake Moore Forsyth Macon 10 Counties in western N. C. Columbus Stanly Brunswick Columbus Acreage 887 85 21.5 6,346 100 103 1,000 25 1,000 50 2,300 45 3,727 132 147 91,534 6,000 97 140,000 59 N. C. Academy of Science. This organization has for a number of years been much interested in the State park and public forest pro-gram of this Department, especially from the viewpoint of maintaining natural conditions. It has actively sought the public acquisition of the Dismal Swamp and the "Primeval Forest" with this in mind. Former State Forester Holmes was for several years chairman of its Committee on Conservation. The advantage to our technical personnel of maintaining contact with the leaders in botany and other sciences would seem to warrant continued close affiliation with this group. Publications. With the reduced personnel in the Division there has been little time for investigations which are a necessary foundation for any worthwhile publication or for the actual writing. Circulars were, however, prepared to meet the demand for information on two features of the work of the Division, as follows: Cir. 26—"Forest Tree Seedlings and How to Plant Them," by P. A. Griffiths; Cir. 27—"Hints on Planting Dogwood," by J. S. Holmes Information sheets have also been prepared and mimeographed for schools and other inquirers dealing with Reforestation, Arbor Day, etc. Bui. 46 — The Shrubs and Woody Vines of North Carolina by Dr. M. A. Curtis, republished in August, 1945, with a foreword which gives the reason for making available this interesting old report after being out of print for nearly half a century. These groups of woody plants form an integral and often important part of our forests and a better knowledge of them should be encouraged. FOREST FIRE CONTROL The forest area under protection by the State Forest Service in-creased by approximately 166,995 acres during the period covered by this report. As the following Progress Chart will show, this is due primarily to an increase in the number of protected (or co-operating) counties. Financial cooperation in fire control was con-tinued with the Federal Government under Section 2 of the Clarke- McNary Law, whereby Federal funds are allotted to the several states for fire prevention based largely upon appropriations made available within the states themselves. It will be noted in the Progress Chart that the Federal appropria-tion as of June 30, 1945, was considerably larger than that for the preceding year while the State appropriation was actually slightly less. This increase was due entirely to the fact that the over-all Federal appropriation for the entire country was materially increased. Also, it will be noted that for the last year of the biennium con-siderably more State funds were available which directly resulted in the State being able to qualify for a larger Federal allotment. The State appropriation, under our present system of financial co-operation with the Federal Government, counties and private land-owners, is, therefore, the key to the financial picture. Supervisory Personnel: As is stated early in this Division's report, 60 personnel problems were acute during this biennium. This was espe-cially true with our technical forester personnel whose duty it is to supervise both the Fire Control and the Forest Management programs; it was also true with respect to the seasonal manpower we must employ during the fire seasons such as towermen, smokechasers, and fire crews. As the Progress Chart indicates, only one District For-ester was left on June 30, 1945. The matter of comparative salaries and wages for State employment and employment in private industry and with the Federal Government is creating a continuing personnel problem for both technical and non-technical personnel as the biennium ends. The District Offices as of June 30, 1946, are as follows: District 1—Asheville District 6—Fayetteville District 2—Lenoir District 7—Elizabeth City District 3—Rockingham District 8—Whiteville District 4—New Bern District 9—Sylva District 5—Rocky Mount As is also indicated early in this report, J. R. Spratt assumed the position of Assistant Forester in charge of Forest Fire Control, upon his return from Naval Service in November of 1945. P. W. Tillman, who had acted in charge of that Branch during Spratt' s absence be-came Chief Forest Inspector in the Fire Control Branch, and W. J. Clark continued as Forest Inspector. Likewise, Archie B. Smith con-tinues as Equipment and Maintenance Supervisor. Effective shortly after the end of the biennium, M. M. Carstarphen was promoted to the position of Law Enforcement Ranger in the Raleigh Office. This position, authorized by the last Legislature but vacant since that time due to personnel shortages, represents a needed supervisor of our fire law enforcement activities throughout the State. Present Organization: Each of the sixty-three counties under pro-tection has a salaried full-time County Forest Warden. At the begin-ning of the biennium eleven of these were also County Game Protectors in their respective counties, their salaries being paid jointly by the two Divisions of the Department. During the biennium this combina-tion warden system was abolished and now each protected county has
Object Description
Description
Title | Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development of the State of North Carolina |
Other Title | Biennial report of the Department of Conservation and Development. |
Creator | North Carolina. |
Date | 1944; 1945; 1946 |
Subjects |
Conservation of natural resources--North Carolina--Periodicals Fisheries--North Carolina Forests and forestry--North Carolina Game and Game-birds--North Carolina Government advertising--North Carolina Industries--North Carolina Mines and mineral resources--North Carolina Natural Resources--North Carolina North Carolina. Department of Conservation and Development--Periodicals Parks--North Carolina Tourism--North Carolina |
Place | North Carolina, United States |
Time Period | (1929-1945) Depression and World War Two |
Description | Title from cover. |
Publisher | Raleigh, N.C. :Dept. of Conservation and Development,[1928]- |
Agency-Current |
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Physical Characteristics | v. ;23 cm. |
Collection | Health Sciences Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Type | text |
Language | English |
Format | Reports |
Digital Characteristics-A | 7014 KB; 154 p. |
Digital Collection |
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access, a North Carolina LSTA-funded grant project North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Title Replaces | North Carolina. Department of Conservation and Development..Biennial report of the director |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_edp_biennialreportconservation19441946.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_edp\images_master\ |
Full Text | C550 I94-4-/46 of t^e ([lntt)et$it^ of Borti) Catoltna Collection ot jRortg Cacolmiana '^lid booH ta)a0 ptt0tnUh JO) A^ lAG> 00006766252 This BOOK may be kept out TWO WEEKS ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIVE CENTS a day thereafter. -It waa taken out on tho day indioatod below r> yA^^-f^ y w^Cy Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/biennialconserv19441946 ELEVENTH BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA BIENNIUM ENDING JUNE 30, 1946 BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT Governor R. Gregg Cherry, Chairman Raleigh J. L. Horne, Vice Chairman _ Rocky Mount Charles S. Allen Durham J. Wilbur Bunn Raleigh Oscar P. Breece Fayetteville K. Clyde Council Wananish R. Floyd Crouse Sparta W. J. Damtoft.... Canton Percy B. Ferebee Andrews A. H. GuiON Charlotte W. Roy Hampton Plymouth Robert W. Proctor* Marion Eric W. RoDCERst Scotland Neck Miles J. Smith Salisbury D. M. Stafford Pomona A. K. WiNGET Albemarle R. Bruce Etheridge, Director Raleigh * Succeeded Dr. J. D. Rudisill, deceased. t Succeeded J. R. Wollett, deceased. D LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, N. C. October 15, 1946 To His Excellency, Hon. R. Gregg Cherry Governor of North Carolina Sir: In accordance with Section 11, Chapter 122, Public Laws of 1925, and by direction of the Board of Conservation and Development, I have the pleasure of submitting herewith the Eleventh Report of the Department of Conservation and Development for the biennium end-ing June 30, 1946. There are shown in this report a review of the activities of the Department during the last two-year period and a financial statement for the biennium. Respectfully submitted, R. Bruce Etheridge, Director. lo 3n iHemoriam During the biennium, two valued members of the Board of Conservation and Development have passed on to the Great Beyond. Dr. J. D. Rudisill, of Lenoir, died on July 29, 1945, and J. R. WoUett, of Littleton, on June 26, 1946. Dr. Rudisill served on the Committees on Game and Inland Fisheries and State Advertising; and Mr. WoUett was a member of the Committees on Forestry, Game and Inland Fisheries, and Commercial Fisheries. Both of the members exhibited a keen interest in the activities of the Board and Department and devoted freely their time and attention toward the cause of helping to make the State a better and more prosperous place in which to live. Dr. Rudisill was succeeded by Robert W. Proctor, of Marion, and Eric W. Rodgers, of Scotland Neck was ap-pointed to fill the unexpired term of Mr. WoUett. DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS (As of June 30, 1946) ADMINISTRATIVE R. Bruce Etheridge, Director Paul Kelly, Assistant Director W. Ray Bishop, Chief Auditor Mrs. Etoyal P. Hobbie, Senior Accounting Clerk EuLA Lincoln, Senior Accounting Clerk EvELYNE Yelverton, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Margaret Scott, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Nell Wellons, Senior Stenographer-Clerk L. W. BuNN, Principal General Clerk Mrs. Annie W. Ragland, Junior General Clerk DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Capt. John A. Nelson, Commissioner D. M. Davis, Assistant Commissioner Thos. a. Basnight, Assistant Commissioner N. R. Webb, Principal Accounting Clerk N. McKeithan Caldwell, District Sanitarian Mary E. Willis, Senior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Paul Kelly, Industrial Engineer Philip Schwartz, Industrial Analyst Marshall L. Shepherd, Assistant Industrial Engineer W. C. Lehew, Assistant Industrial Engineer Mary Lee Cowper, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Marie Lamm, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND PARKS W. K. Beichler, State Forester F. H. Claridge, Assistant Forester (Management) J. R. Spratt, Assistant Forester (Fire Control) Thomas W. Morse, Superintendent of State Parks P. W. Tillman, Chief Forest Inspector W. J. Clark, Forest Inspector ^irjf^Ci. Roger D. Huff, Management Forester (in cooperation with U. S. Forest Service) Charlie C. Stott, Assistant Superintendent of State Parks P. A. Griffiths, Management Assistant R. D. MoRiN, Jr., Management Assistant H. G. BoLiCK, Landscape Engineer Archie B. Smith, Equipment Supervisor M. M. Carstarphen, Law Enforcement Ranger Mrs. Grace W. Prevost, Senior Accounting Clerk Mrs. Edna J. Almand, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Mabel D. Young, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Evelyn Sanders, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. W. Frank Bell, Senior Accounting Clerk Hattie Barnes, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Phyllis Probst, Junior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. J. W. McIntosh, Junior Accounting Clerk Martha Mayo, Junior Stenographer-Clerk DISTRICT FORESTERS B. H. Corpening, Asheville James A. Pippin, Rockingham James B. Hubbard, Elizabeth City David J. Martz, Rocky Mount W. L. Brewer, Jr., Whiteville Charles C. Pettit, Jr., Sylva ASSISTANT DISTRICT FORESTERS Charles M. Hartsock, Jr., Benjamin R. Harley, Fayetteville Elizabeth City Spencer L. Wilson, New Bern FOREST NURSERY FORESTERS Frank J. Miller, Clayton Nursery STATE FOREST SUPERVISORS Eric Ericson, Elizabethtown Thomas C. Ellis, State Forest Ranger DISTRICT FOREST RANGERS T. E. Begley, Asheville T. R. McMillan, Fayetteville i E. P. Simmons, Lenoir H. S. Morrisette, Elizabeth City A. D. Williams, Lenoir LaRue McQueen, Whiteville N. T. Faulkner, Rockingham William S. Edmunds, Whiteville | F. L. Hooker, New Bern Mack Ashe, Sylva i L. W. Davis, New Bern E. C. Ferebee, New Bern \ DISTRICT OFFICE STENOGRAPHER-CLERKS Elizabeth Wilson, Asheville Mrs. Rosa K. Staley, Rocky Mrs. Mary P. Clark, Lenoir Mount Mrs. Rachel Covington, Anna Campbell, Fayetteville Rockingham Elizabeth Harrell, Elizabeth City Julia Weskitt, New Bern Cecile Brown, Whiteville I Carolyn Lewis, Sylva STATE PARK SUPERINTENDENTS J. W. KisTLER, Crabtree Creek STATE PARK RANGERS Ray M. Sisk, Cliffs of the Neuse STATE PARK WARDENS Jesse Long, Fort Macon Grady L. Mills, Morrow Mountain J. W. King, Crabtree Creek Charlie J. Mills, Morrow Thomas E. Slater, Crabtree Creek Mountain Carl R. Flinchum, Hanging Rock John R. Wilson, Mt. Mitchell James W. Speer, Hanging Rock Thomas F. Davenport, Pettigrew Clarine Brisson, Senior Stenographer-Clerk FOREST NURSERYMEN Moody M. Clemmons, Clayton Nursery Harry Clemmons, Clayton Nursery Pelzie Hamilton, Holmes Nursery DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES John D. Findlay, Commissioner Margaret C. McLean, Senior Stenographer-Clerk BiLLiE McConnell, Senior Stenographer-Clerk FISCAL AND PROPERTY Lindsey B. Hopkins, Associate Engineer Mrs. Esther C. Williamson, Senior Accounting Clerk Mrs. Mattie R. Keys, Senior Accounting Clerk Mary Weathers, Senior Stenographer-Clerk PROTECTION C. D. KiRKPATRicK, Chief of Law Enforcement Mrs. Gertrude L. Deaton, Senior Stenographer-Clerk E. p. Keen, Law Enforceraent Supervisor Tom L. Rollins, Law Enforcement Supervisor Robert F. Logan, Law Enforcement Supervisor E. L. Nicholson, Law Enforcement Supervisor J. Harold King, Law Enforcement Supervisor FISHERIES MANAGEMENT Willis King, Principal Biologist Mrs. Grace Byrd, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Arthur R. Shields, Senior Biologist Ed E. Hueske, Junior Biologist FEDERAL AID IN WILDLIFE RESTORATION Dennis Hart, Coordinator Elsie Proctor, Senior Stenographer-Clerk W. E. McCoNNAUGHEY, Jr., Project Leader W. B. RoBBiNS, Project Leader W. L. Hamnett, Project Leader Robert J. Wheeler, Jr., Project Leader Fred Mahan, Project Leader EDUCATION Thomas H. Walker, Senior Publicity Specialist Jewell Eatman, Publicity Clerk MANAGEMENT AREAS AND REFUGES R. B. Armfield, Supervisor DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Jasper L. Stuckey, State Geologist Thomas G. Murdoch, Assistant State Geologist Philip N. Sales, Senior Chemist E. WiLLARD Berry, Associate Geologist (part time) Jane Anderson, Senior Stenographer-Clerk DIVISION OF STATE ADVERTISING W. p. Sharpe, Manager John G. Hemmer, Senior Publicity Specialist E. Carl Sink, Senior Publicity Specialist Louise Mish, Senior Stenographer-Clerk Lucille White, Junior Stenographer-Clerk Mrs. Irma Barbour, Typist-Clerk DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENGINEERING W. H. Riley, Principal Engineer F. E. Day, Associate Engineer Raleigh T. Daniel, Chemist Sallaine Sledge, Junior Stenographer-Clerk REPORT OF DIRECTOR Conditions with extraordinary variations have been confronted during the period covered by this report. During the earlier months, a two-front war, taxing to the limit our resources, both human and natural, was in progress. Later in the biennium, Germany and Japan capitulated to the United States and her allies. Thus, war and reconversion conditions were con-fronted during the biennium. Because our resources were devoted so thoroughly to war purposes, the problems of reconversion were more complex. With the conclusion of war, an opportunity for service, perhaps never equalled in our State, presented itself to the Department of Conservation and Development. The demand of the times for an aggressive conservation program not only offers wider opportunity for service but is a challenge to our vision and energies. We cannot, therefore, stand still in our activi-ties if we accept the challenge to help build a more prosperous com-monwealth and speed our people along the path of progress. War requirements drew heavily upon our natural resources; and, if we do not put constructive measures in force, the productivity of some of these resources may be impaired for the future and our people may be deprived of the full use and enjoyment of our abundant raw materials. On the other hand, new channels for utilization of our natural resources have been pointed out during these strenuous times and we would be neglectful of our heritage should we fail to pick up these new ideas and follow them through. PERSONNEL Through most of the biennium sufficient personnel was not avail-able to carry on in the most effective manner all of the functions of the Department. Even the limited personnel underwent repeated changes. In spite of the handicaps of limited personnel and scarce materials, the Department takes pride in the fact that it was able to continue all of its essential services and functions without break. This was only possible through the willingness of the staff to take on extra duties and responsibilities. Personnel problems began to relax around the middle of 1945 with the gradual release of some of the Department staff from mili-tary service. By the end of the report biennium virtually all of those on leave had returned and once again filled their former posi-tions. At the same time additional help was becoming available, although not all of the shortage had been relieved. Of major significance among the changes in the executive and technical force of the Department was the retirement of J, S. Holmes 10 on May 20, 1946, as State Forester. Mr. Holmes was a pioneer not only in forestry work in the State but in the entire field of conservation. Since June 1, 1909, Mr. Holmes had directed North Carolina's for-estry program. His service as State Forester, or equivalent position, outdates the creation of the Department by about 16 years. During these years, Mr. Holmes has carried a heavy load and often the results of his efforts were not immediately apparent. However, within the last few years, many of the policies and achievements toward which he labored have become actualities. For some years, Mr. Holmes considered retirement or a less strenu-ous assignment, but through loyalty to the cause to which he had devoted such a large portion of his life, he remained on the job. At his request, on February 1, 1945, he relinquished the office of State Forester and became Associate State Forester. William K. Beichler, who began his service with the Department as District Forester at Asheville on July 1, 1927, and who had been promoted through various grades, succeeded Mr. Holmes as State Forester. Mr. Holmes has made a substantial contribution to the welfare and advancement of the State. It is my privilege, as Director of this De-partment, to give expression to a debt of gratitude to Mr. Holmes for his long devotion to duty and the outstanding service he has rendered the State. BUDGET The last year of this biennium was the first year of the biennial appropriation period. For this reason, the financial statement in this report covers one year each in two appropriation bienniums. The unexpended balance for the latter year of the biennium (1945- 46) was probably the largest in the history of the Department. This balance grew primarily out of the fact that the staff of the Depart-ment was unusually short and because of the scarcity of supplies and equipment. For this reason, many of the activities of the Department were curtailed sharply. Because of limited personnel, it has not been possible during the last several years to proceed on schedule with various features of our program. For this reason, the demand for services and improve-ments in the future will be heavier. The Democratic party, in its platform adopted at the State Con-vention in 1946, called for increased emphasis on the conservation of the resources of North Carolina. The platform had the following to say on this subject: "North Carolina is richly endowed with natural resources. Wise State policy calls for their protection against selfish spoilation and for their constructive use in serving the needs of the people. We commend what the State Department of Conservation and Development is doing to promote the sound utilization of our natural resources and to prevent unwise exploitation. There must be further expansion in the indispensable activities of this State agency. The State is not now making adequate provisions for the existing State Parks and for the establishment of new State Parks. We endorse more generous support of the State Park system which can contribute so substantially to the health and happiness of the people. The State 11 of North Carolina has a material financial interest in the travel indus-try. Money spent to attract tourists to North Carolina is returned manyfold in gasoline and sales tax revenues and in increased patronage for thousands of business establishments. The travel industry deserves the fullest support of the State. Flood control, reforestation, and power development should be encouraged in the State." DIVISION ACTIVITIES A portion of this report is devoted to the activities of each of the seven divisions of the Department. Therefore, this section summarizes only some of the more important activities and accomplishments of each. Commercial Fisheries: From the standpoint of financial return to the fishermen, the past biennium has probably been the most fruitful in the history of the State. This was in spite of a slight drop in the catch of food fish, oysters, clams, and soft shell crabs. Total value of all water products to the fishermen during 1944-46 was $14,287,030, in comparison with $10,294,710 for the preceding two-year period. In July, 1945, the Board of Conservation and Development pro-posed that efforts be made to acquire the Coast Guard Section Base near Morehead City, formerly known as Camp Glenn, for the use of the Division of Commercial Fisheries. Action was immediately started toward this end, and by the close of the biennium the State's priority stood first and there were strong indications that the property might be obtained, if means for its purchase can be found. There has been a strong belief in the Department and Board for some time that the program of the Division of Commercial Fisheries should be broadened to include additional constructive features look-ing toward the expansion of the yield from commercial fishing. Here-tofore, means to do little else than to protect the industry by regu-lations have been available, with the exception of some oyster planting and the establishment of an oyster experimental farm. If the Section Base can be acquired and other means made available, the facilities there will house the administrative force of the Division and furnish some of the facilities necessary to establish research and educational activities. One of the greatest needs of the industry has been additional refrig-eration facilities, and the Department has worked for years to remedy this situation. Some years ago, it induced the Emergency Relief Ad-ministration to establish the North Carolina Fisheries, Inc., with facilities at various points on the coast but with the principal plant at Morehead City. When this organization was liquidated, some of the facilities at the Morehead City plant were diverted to other uses. However, the main facilities have now been acquired by a company which will operate them as a seafood plant. During the biennium, the Division of Commercial Fisheries and Commerce and Industry, in cooperation with other agencies, assisted in the establishment of the Beaufort Quick Freezing Company. Besides helping to relieve the ice shortage, the new company will market 12 processed seafoods and will also furnish additional storage Capacity to help care for periodic gluts. Limited icing and storage facilities have, from year to year, resulted in severe wastage in fish. The new developments are, therefore, among the most significant accomplish-ments in recent years in behalf of the industry and fishermen. Commerce and Industry: The past two years have been among the busiest and most strenuous in the history of the Division. Although a number of prospects for industrial development was anticipated, they exceeded by a wide margin these expectations. The problem of handling this large number of prospects was accentuated by the lack of trained and experienced personnel. A new phase of industrial development in the form of the Rural Industries program was launched during the biennium. This movement has as its prime objective the establishment of a larger number of small manufacturing plants, located in rural areas, utilizing nearby raw materials and rural labor, and financed by local capital. The program also seeks to claim for the farmer and producer of raw materials a larger share of the return from the consumer goods through the processing of their products. It is intended, in addition, to help balance and diversify the industrial structure of the State. In the fall of 1945, Governor R. Gregg Cherry appointed a Com-mittee on Rural Industries, consisting of more than 100 of the leading citizens of the State, and a meeting of this group was held in Raleigh in November of that year to plan a course of action. This group recom-mended a series of district meetings for the purpose of explaining the program and putting the plan into effect. Administration was assigned to the Division of Commerce and Industry and the program will be launched formally as soon as the necessary personnel can be procured. During the biennium, the Division has worked with more industrial prospects for the State than in any similar period. The movement toward decentralization of industry which has been forecast over a period of years seemed to gain full momentum. Added to this trend was the demand for additional facilities for the manufacture of new or improved products developed during the last several years and for filling the backlog of orders which developed during the years of shortages. It should be realized that competition for these industries among the states is keener at this time than ever before. While it is not proper to say that our Division of Commerce and Industry is specifically responsible for the location of any definite number of new industries in North Carolina, it has had a direct hand in many of these; has co-operated with other agencies in securing others; and has indirectly contributed to others. It is known definitely that some of the new plants locating in the State would have gone elsewhere had not the State's facilities been presented by the Division. The fact that the State advertising program, particularly the indus-trial phase, was continued throughout the war, has helped to center attention on North Carolina's industrial opportunities. These advertise-ments were prepared and placed under the direction of the Division of Commerce and Industry. 13 Forestry: While the total forest area under fii-e protection increased approximately 167,000 acres over the previous biennium, primary emphasis was placed on increasing the efficiency of the organization and intensifying protection. Sixty-three counties are now cooperating in fire protection, a net gain of two over June 30, 1944. It is significant that thirty-seven counties, with approximately 4,000,000 acres of forest lands now have no organized fire protection. Because it is doubtful whether more complete and effective fire con-trol can be had under the present system, the problem of whether the State should assume a much larger obligation in this connection must now be faced. That the State should do so is the general opinion among those who have studied the situation closely and budget requests this fall will probably follow this pattern. Improvement in the fire detection and reporting system has been accomplished during the biennium, as is also the case with fire control and suppression methods. These factors, according to the records, are being steadily reflected in more effective fire protection, the basic requirement in our forestry program. The Division is also pushing, to the full extent of its facilities, sound management practices which have as their ultimate goal the treatment of the forests as a crop which will be perpetually productive under proper handling. Large areas of forest lands in the State had become unproductive because of unwise handling and should be reforested by planting. The Forestry Division foresees a substantial increase in interest in the planting of these idle acres and also predicts a demand for plant-ing stock which will require expansion of the capacities of the State Forest Nurseries. This need should be supplied. Recreational requirements of the State have grown steadily during the past several years and every indication is that they will continue to increase. A part of this demand must be supplied by State Parks. The fact that during June, 1946, the State Parks had more patrons than ever before is significant. North Carolina does not at present have an adequate State Park system nor are those units that have been established developed to the extent to make them most serviceable. More facilities will, of course, provide the attractions for heavier use and greater returns in a financial way. The State Parks Branch of this Division's report names the Parks, reviews the facilities available in each, and points out the needs for further development if they are to provide the services which the public is demanding. Game and Inland Fisheries: During this report period there has been a complete reorganization of the Division of Game and Inland Fisheries under the direction of Commissioner John D. Findlay. One of the most outstanding features of this reorganization has been in the protector force. All protectors were put on a full-time basis and a Chief of Law Enforcement charged solely with this feature of the program was appointed. For enforcement purposes, the State was divided into five divisions with a supervisor in charge of each 14 and in turn the divisions were broken down into districts, comprising county groups. Increased mobility of the force was obtained through the assignment of protectors to operate in the districts rather than being confined to single counties. They work singly or in groups. Increasing revenues made possible better compensation, although still not adequate, for the protectors. The enforcement record speaks for itself in the effectiveness of the organization. During the first year of the biennium there were 472 prosecutions, with fines amounting to $3,412 and costs, $2,447.69. Prosecutions jumped to 2,079; fines to $14,965.76; and costs to $15,598 during the second year. Emphasis, both in the game and inland fisheries program, has been shifted from propagation to management, the theory being to assist nature or to remove as many man-made obstacles as possible to the maintenance and increase of wildlife in its natural habitat. The State's one game farm produced and distributed 3,600 quail. Fish produced at the hatcheries were reared to a larger size at which survival is greater. Some 413,000 acres of Federal, State, and leased lands are now under intensive game and fish management. On part of these areas, public hunting and fishing were provided and on others a concerted restocking program was carried out. Considerable deer stocking was accomplished on some of these lands and attention was also given to the restoration of other types of wildlife. Game officials expect that the trend toward a larger number of hunters and fishermen in the field this fall will continue; and if this indication materializes, the increased collections will make possible a still larger and more efficient program. Unfortunately, the belief that game and inland fisheries funds are used for purposes other than for these programs still persists in the minds of some people. We should like to emphasize again the fact that these funds remain intact and are spent exclusively for the game and inland fisheries programs and for nothing else. Mineral Resources: World War II, with a demand previously un-known for minerals, stimulated interest in North Carolina's deposits. As a result, the demand for information on this State's minerals in-creased tremendously. Fortunately, as a result of the interest of former Governor J. M. Broughton, early in the biennium, and later Governor R. Gregg Cherry and larger appropriations by the 1945 General Assembly, the Divi-sion was able to increase materially its service. Private industry, with the encouragement and active assistance of the Department, launched systematic explorations for oil, with the Coastal Plains being selected for these studies and drilling operations. Two wells, one near Morehead City and the other on Cape Hatteras, were drilled during the biennium, the former reaching a depth of 4,044 and the latter, 10,054 feet. War-time exploration of the Cranberry iron deposits and Deep River coal fields, which was initiated in 1943 by the Department, and taken up by the U. S. Bureau of Mines in 1944 was continued at intervals during the biennium. One of the results of the interest focused on the Deep River field by geological and exploratory work 15 was the purchase of some of the best deposits by the Walter A. Bledsoe Company, of Terre Haute, Ind., one of the larger coal mining com-panies. This company carried on a drilling program of its own and it has been announced that the company will begin the production of coal. Partly through the efforts of the State Geologist, State College and the Tennessee Valley Authority entered into a cooperative agreement for the establishment of a Mineral Research Laboratory at Asheville. A new building to house the laboratory was sufficiently near completion for the initiation of laboratory work in June 1946. The primary field of the laboratory will be in mineral concentration and utilization, and a full-time chemist employed by the Division has been stationed there. The Regional Mineral Experiment Station of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, which was announced for State College in 1944, became a reality during the biennium with the completion of the first unit. The General Assembly of 1945 provided a small appropriation which made possible a renewal of cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey for topographic mapping, and this work was started in 1945. State Advertising: At times during the war, there was some question concerning the continuation of the State Advertising program, par-ticularly the feature directed toward the travel public. The decision, however, was that the State had too much invested in the program to risk the breaking of its continuity and to jeopardize the effectiveness of expenditures over a period of years. In keeping with the national policy, however, the advertising during war years did not suggest travel but rather reminded postwar vacationists that North Carolina resorts would be ready to continue to serve them after hos-tilities had ceased. Primary stress during war years in the advertising program was laid on the fact that North Carolina's resources, capital, and labor were ready to be applied in an increasing degree toward the manu-facture of the sinews of war and articles essential to the civilian population. Immediately after the close of the conflict, the greater share of the advertising funds was channeled into tourist copy. The News Branch which continued to operate on an abbreviated scale during the war, expanded its work at the close of hostilities. New literature was prepared for the postwar period; and, in addi-tion, some of the earlier mailing pieces were revised and reissued. These helped to produce record tourist expenditures for the 1946 season. It is estimated that tourists will spend approximately $175,- 000,000 in the State during the year. A steady flow of news material and photographs has gone out of the State News office during the biennium. The Division released 560 stories to newspapers and sent out 19,489 photographs to illustrate these and other stories. One of the most effective features of the operation of the News Bureau has been in proposing and helping magazines to work out ideas for articles and stories. In the last two-year period, materials 16 originating in the News Bureau have found their way into newspapers throughout the nation and in some 150 magazines in this and other countries. Competition for the tourist trade has increased rapidly, with some 33 states adopting promotional campaigns since the North Carolina program was started. With the country becoming steadily more travel conscious, it is likely that competition will become even keener. Water Resources and Engineer: The major regular activity of the Division—stream gaging—has been carried on uninterruptedly during the biennium with a total of 132 stations operated in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, the U. S. Engineers, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. The quality of water investigation initiated in 1943, in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey, has been enlarged to meet an in-creasing demand for this service. During the biennium, the State Board of Health entered into this program which was then extended to the analysis of public water supplies. The number of calls for information on the chemical qualities of water has been larger during the last biennium than ever before. These requests grow out of the search on the part of manufacturers for water supplies fitting their particular needs, and the information provided by the laboratory has been of material value in the location of some plants which have selected sites in the State. A forward step toward the conservation of water resources of the State was the passage of a bill by the General Assembly of 1945 setting up the N. C. State Stream Sanitation and Conservation Com-mittee which was subsequently appointed by Governor R. Gregg Cherry. The Committee is composed of 16 members, 6 representing State agencies and 10 representing industry and municipalities. The general purpose of this Committee is to study the waste dis-posal situation in the State and to propose a program under which a solution may be found to the problem. A preliminary survey has been made as a result of arrangements between the State Board of Health and the Engineering Experiment Station at N. C. State College, and a report will be made to the General Assembly. GENERAL Resource-Use Education Commission: The problem of employing our resources of all descriptions for the best interests of the people is one of the most pressing and important of our time. Governor R. Gregg Cherry, on August 8, 1945, appointed the Re-source- Use Education Commission of the State Planning Board. Paul Kelly, Assistant Director, was named as the representative of the Department of Conservation and Development on this Commission. The Commission is made up of representatives of various State agencies, educational institutions, public schools, and organizations concerned with education in various forms. Dr. Clyde A. Erwin, super-intendent of public instruction, was elected chairman; Mrs. Ellen Black Winston, vice chairman; Felix A. Grisette, secretary; and the 17 following comprise the executive committee: Dr. Gordon W. Black-well, Dr. H. Arnold Perry, Paul Kelly, Mrs. Helen L. Macon, Dr. L. D. Baver and Dr. James E. Shepherd. Following a meeting of the Commission on October 5, 1945, the executive committee has convened on several occasions. An appli-cation has been made to the General Education Board for a grant with which to organize and initiate the program. Various State agen-cies are prepared to cooperate actively as soon as personnel is selected. Governor Cherry, at the initial meeting of the group summed up the purpose of the Commission as follows: "If we are to improve our ways of living, we must improve the relationship between our people and our resources. To achieve this will require an extensive program of education about our resources, long-time planning such as the State Planning Board is undertaking, and close cooperation among all our public and private agencies." Oil Exploration: Following the leasing of certain State-owned lands in eastern North Carolina in 1944 to the Coastal Plains Company and the Standard Oil Company, exploration of these properties for oil was inaugurated. By the end of this report period, two wells had been completed and others were definitely contemplated. While the companies carry-ing out the program have expressed some encouragement, they do not appear to be in a position to make definite predictions. This Department continues to be very much interested in seeing the search carried out to a definite conclusion. At the suggestion of the Department, the General Assembly of 1945 enacted two measures designed to protect the interests of the State and the industry in event oil and gas are discovered. 18 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS Statements of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 I. Administration: Disbursements: Board of Directors: Attending Meetings Director's Office: Sakry—Director Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs and Alterations General Expense Equipment 1,246.85 6,000.00 15,241.55 253.84 690.76 121.11 610.07 133.04 190.20 140.96 $ 2,784.85 Total Less Receipts: Sale of Publications Payment from Division of Game and Inland Fisheries for Attending Board Meetings $ 24,628.38 400.00 S 29,679.77 158.75 750.00 Total Appropriation. commbbce and industry and advertising: Commerce and Industry: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph . . Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs and Alterations General Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment _- 400.00 24,228.38 S 11,122.32 236.81 2,320.23 4,073.42 483.37 Total. Advertising: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph Travel Expense Printing and Binding Repairs and Alterations Direct Advertising 350.75 507.18 10.00 $ 19, 104. ( 11,966.07 2,671.17 1,993.39 1,854.37 14,699.56 77.01 47,690.05 19 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS — Continued 1944-45 1945-46 II. CoMMBRCE AND Inbustry ANT) Adtertisinq—Continued: Advertising—Continued: Disbu rsemen is—Continued: General Expense Equipment -. Motor Vehicle Operation Total Total Commerce and Industbt and Advertising. Less Receipts: Sale of Publications Appropriation. $ 1,207,50 $ 1,944.77 74.00 288.77 610.73 381.64 i 82,843.85 9 82,682.07 101,947.93 101,577.10 177.95 165,95 s 101,769.98 % 101,411.15 III. Water Resoi'rces: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Cooperation U. S. Geological Survey Cooperation U. S. Geological Survey-Chemical. General Expense Equipment Total Less Receipts: Private Cooperation Payment Board of Health-Water. Investigation Total Appbopblation. IV. Mineral Resopbces: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials. Postage, Telephone and Telegraph _. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Cooperation U. S. Geological Survey—Ground Water Study. Cooperation U. S. Geological Survey—Study of Minerals Cooperation T. V. A. Minreals Study Cooperation U. S. Geological—Geographic Mapping Special Research Motor Vehicle Exchange Equipment Survey of Mineral Resources Appbopeiation. 6,246.00 237.91 64.89 639.52 64.70 564.79 65.20 10,000.00 4,000.00 2.50 S 21,885.51 652.50 652.50 21,233.01 7,616.36 87.44 220.71 703.51 1,269.10 704.37 4.25 605.89 3.000.00 2,963.62 8,160.15 236.53 63.02 751.68 70.59 834.14 264.43 10,000.00 6,500.00 40.00 704.68 27,625.22 953.40 2,500.00 2,500.00 $ 19,675.25 $ 29,120.23 3,453.40 $ 24,171.82 8,930.00 76.19 248.59 982.96 1,700.72 727.17 2.00 39.60 4,000.00 4,000.00 1,999.17 5,000.00 389.28 994.55 30.00 20 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued Forest Fiee Pjeieventton: Disbursements: Administration: Salaries and Wages ' Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express - Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Motor Vehicle Purchase Workmen's Compensation Emergency Salary Insurance and Bonding Study of Forest Utilization Total. CoSperutive Projects: Salaries—Wardens and Rangers.. Wages—Towermen and Firemen. Expenses—Fire Wardens Fire Control Equipment Repairs and Alterations Lookout Towers Telephone Lines Buildings Road and Fire Lines Fire Suppression Motor Vehicle Operation Emergency Salary Total. District No. 1: Asheville: Salaries and Wages _.. Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense.. Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Emergency Salary 1944-45 11,625.05 237.76 644.17 1,117.57 773.87 573.40 74.39 599.33 1,034.00 130.46 1,141.50 Total. District No. 2-—Lenoir: Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express . Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Emergency Salary Total. 1,000.00 18,951.50 87,963.15 56,658.3« 3,266.34 30,092.82 6,215.81 10,489.64 1,823.14 4,711.26 1,127.07 10,144.29 17,126.85 11,890.17 S 241,508.87 5,166.20 160.14 398.71 851.11 110.00 577.07 % 7,263.23 8 5,000.00 ? 5,840.00 158.31 128.56 365.67 258.81 928.08 1,225.73 552.00 360.00 S 7,004.06 $ 7,813.10 21 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS — Continued 1944-45 1945-46 V. Forest Fire Prevention—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: District No. 3 — Rockingham: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Opreation Emergency Salary Total. District No. 4—New Bern: Salaries and Wages. Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Emergency Salary Total. District No. 5—Rocky Mount: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense.. Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Emergency Salary Total District No. 6—FayetteciUe: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights Emergency Salary. Total District No. 7—Elizabeth City: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express . Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Lights Emergency Salary Total. 4,429.55 170.98 473.99 879.04 512.71 6,466.27 4,740.00 184.14 294.05 950.79 552.00 $ 6,720.98 4,562.40 218.29 508.74 1,111.52 18.00 529.84 6,948.79 ,139.24 201.10 792.75 970.50 12.00 760.93 4,815.00 124.28 467.12 916.73 286.00 552.00 7,161.13 5,150.62 218.29 489.06 1,048.77 313.10 7,219.84 6,730.00 194.90 406.85 1,800.94 17.89 430.00 9,580.58 5,092.14 234.52 566.47 1,198.37 16.95 334.00 7,442.45 7,710.00 188.24 659.57 1,223.21 12.00 430.00 10,223.02 5,972.28 224.05 499.76 1,422.17 264.00 6.12 362.73 8,751.11 22 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued 1944-45 1945-46 V. FOEBST Fire Prevention—Continued: HiaBTjBSKUEms—Continued. District No. 8—Wilmington: J 4,355.00 109.85 482.45 1,677.96 265.00 Total. S 6,890.26 District No. 9—Sylva: $ 4,076.40 95.54 314.96 863.92 Rents 380.00 260.16 Total $ $ 5,990.98 Total Forest Fire Prevention. .- 8 311,901.35 $ 131,468.85 78,004.48 12,405.93 S 422,666.86 Less Receipts: $ 163,612.32 County Cooperation .. 114,267.28 Private Cooperation 18,322.73 $ 221,879.26 $ 296,202.83 Appropriation. ... ... $ 90,022.09 1 14.93 30.00 $ 126,464.53 Supplement: Special Emergency Fire Control: Administration: Travel Expense. .. S Total $ 44.93 $ 8,652.76 261.67 1,495.33 457.60 41.18 $ Cooperative Projects: Wages—Towermen and Firemen 1 750.00 1,42 509.17 34.45 Total. ..- S 10,908.54 S 71.26 S 1,295.04 Elizabeth City Office: $ Total S 71.26 8 Total Special Emergency $ 11,024.73 $ 1,295.04 23 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS — Continued 1945-46 VI. Forest Fire Prevention—Continued: Supplement—Continued: Emergency Fire Control: Administration: Salaries—Staff Supplies and Materials Motor Vehicle Operation Employees War Bonus Total Cooperative Projects: Wages—Towermen and Firemen, Expenses—Fire Wardens Fire Control Equipment. Equipment^—Repairs Motor Vehicle Operation Lookout Towers Fire Suppression Total Elizabeth City Office: Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Motor Vehicle Operation Rents Lights Total. 2,610.00 11.18 294.42 261.00 3,176.60 33,131.65 133.86 183.84 680.18 1,503.77 21.34 841.86 $ 36,496.50 $ 106.25 299.43 360.00 11.10 2,454.40 776.78 Total Emergency Fire Control Plowing Fire Lines Private Forest Owners Cooperative Projects: Wages—Operator, Helper Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment $ 40,449.88 86.50 58.49 60.14 Total. Total Disbursement —Supplement Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation—Special Emergency Federal Cooperation—Emergency Fire-Control . Private Cooperation—Fire Lines Total. Appropriation. VII. General Forestry: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages _. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph. Travel Expense Printing and Binding General Expense Equipment Motor Vehicle Operation 205.13 $ 51,679.74 $ 11,055.98 40,333.88 383.20 51,773.06 —93.32 4,787.00 53.41 150.20 53.21 402.60 12.43 145.75 Appropriation $ 5,604.60 % 10,975.81 4.59 372.47 $ 2,831.46 S 99.26 33.10 132.36 2,963.82 251.70 168.35 215.13 9.14 644.32 4,903.18 1,295.04 2,963.82 551.30 4,810.16 93.02 8,328.60 213.61 299.35 434.92 231.83 80.25 1,079.84 307.41 24 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued 1944-45 VIII. State Forests and Parks: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Labor Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegram and Express- Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power.. Repairs and Alterations. General Expense. Insurance and Bonding Equipment Motor Vehicle Purchase Stores for Resale Workmen's Compensation Building and Improvements—Neuse Cliffs.. Equipment—Morrow Mountain Park Equipment—Pettigrew Park Building—Pettigrew Park Purchase of Land Total. Less Receipts: Permits States Lake Park Concessions Equipment—Morrow Mountain. Total Receipts. Appropriation.. IX. Forest Management, Nurseries and Forests: Forest Management: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages. SuppMes and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Emergency Salary Appropriation. Nurseries: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Labor Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph. Travel Expense... Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation 17,863.96 4,177.18 594.80 309.26 342.79 158.84 3,152.64 425.07 11,500.51 358.15 900.00 5,862.77 800.00 40.53 400.50 10,000.00 27,230.39 5,872.18 4,531.16 569.65 847.82 138.19 4,940.62 617.04 2,210.55 581.70 44.48 1,191.78 1,033.48 996.33 156.00 —7,300.00 1,482.00 —.30 4,000.00 $ 56,880.50 220.64 4,993.36 49,143.07 388.90 12,129.65 1,482.60 5,214.00 51,666.50 14,001.15 35,141.92 8,670.68 99.99 99.27 923.86 80.28 680.81 12.05 1,356.68 385.33 12,308.95 5,510.00 10,646.85 2,079.92 515.96 56.79 27.04 1,063.60 25 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued 1945-46 IX. Forest Management, NrRSERiES and Tokebt—Continued: NXJBSERIES — Continued: Diibursements—Continued: Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations General Expense Equipment - Emergency Salary 108.57 155.74 30.00 170.98 350.00 Total. Less Receipts: Federal Cooperation. Sale of Seedlings $ 2,061.00 1,151.40 J 20,715.45 $ 2,626.99 3,661.42 Total Receipts. .Appropriation. . State Forests: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph . Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Light and Power Repairs and Alterations Insurance and Bonding Equipment Marketing Timber—Bladen Lakes. State Forest Emergency Salary Total. Less Receipts: Bladen Lakes State Forests. Appropriation Forest Management and Planting: Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Labor Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation Light and Power Repairs and Alterations General Expense.. Insurance and Bonding Equipment S 6,288.41 S 14,427.04 4,320.28 320.31 165.34 161.42 35.71 3,958.45 295.52 80.67 5.00 121.79 $ 39,698.17 9,774.13 8,732.01 2,098.94 668.99 281.42 196.47 5,746.43 452.49 230.75 15.85 200.00 6,087.54 12,995.95 237.10 $ 22,697.54 $ 29,862.78 $ —7,165.24 26 APPROPRIATIONS DIVISIONS—Continued IX. FoEEST Management, Nurseries and Forest—Continued: Forest Management and Planting—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Marketing Timber—Bladen Lakes Drilling Well—Bladen Lakes ..- Employees War Bonus- Total Management, Nubseries and Forests Less Receipts Appropriation, Management Nurseries and Forests Miscellaneous Accounts: Disbursements: Emergency Salary (Forest Fire, Management, Nurseries and State Forests Total Total Disbursements. -_. Less Total Receipts __ Total DiSBxmsEMBNTS From Appropriation 19,238.28 1,655.00 1,142.02 56,420.32 42,910.57 S 13,509.75 $ 6,391.01 18,471.24 $ 6,391.01 S 657,014.59 323,007.34 $ 334,007.25 $ 55,721.94 $ 36,151.19 $ 19,570.75 I 4,159.00 13,851.69) $ 4,159.00 $ 735,572.18 355,692.93 $ 379,879.25 CONSTRUCTION OF SIvIALLMOUTH BASS HATCHERY Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 Disbursements: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone and Telegraph.. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rental of Equipment Equipment Emergency Salary Total Expenditures From Appropriation Tran3it!rred to Fiscal Year 1946-47 Appropriation . PURCHASE OF TRYON'S PALACE AND Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 Transferred to Fiscal Year 1946-47 Appropriation 1945-46 5,894.93 10,980.86 8.08 148.75 2,427.22 185.98 5,520.35 46.77 $ 25,212.94 $ 84,867.06 110,080.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 27 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES SPECIAL FUNDS Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 Inland Fisheries: Disbursements: Administration: Salary—Supervisor Salaries—Staff Salaries—Wardens Supplies and Materials. Postage, Telephone and Telegraph. Travel Expense... Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation General Expense Legal Notices Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange. Insurance and Bonding Total. Morrison Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Murphy Hatchery: Salaries and Wages. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express.. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Light and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment... Motor Vehicle Exchange Building and Improvements Total. Stedman Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense 2,690.00 1,161.00 30,000.00 17.09 132.71 352.07 1,437.71 409.07 49.55 18.57 400.00 $ 36,667.77 3,645.00 4,051.34 48.93 40.00 465.06 98.63 10.23 8,359.19 3,185.25 3,454.85 113.87 63.48 761.40 11.58 101.76 —7.50 100.00 7,784.69 2,365.02 811.73 94.43 9.90 1,877.48 2,219.40 50,000.00 361.28 200.18 350.07 2,327.05 407.88 107.03 17.65 4.32 994.55 4,240.50 3,209.01 74.61 30.60 647.52 94.32 138.40 91.30 397.26 8,923.52 3,650.45 3,102.90 159.10 75.20 1,071.49 93.30 231.85 10.26 758.28 9,152.83 3,984.90 666.29 99.33 4.36 28 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-48 I^fLAND Fisheries—Continued: DiSBURSBMENTS — Continued: Stedman Hatchery—Continued: Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Buildings and Improvements - Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Roaring Gap Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Marmon Hatchery: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations Equipment Rents Motor Vehicle Exchange.. Total % 6,311.00 Lake Mattamuskett: Salaries and Wages Postage, Telephone, Telegram and Express . Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Rents Total. Miscellaneous Accounts: Contribution Retirement System Emergency Salary Workmen's Compensation Transfer to Special Funds— Purchase and Development Lands and Waters. Total Total Disbursements—I^fLAND Fisheries. 554.50 428.61 261.59 42.00 12.66 $ 4,580.44 2,487.43 1,638.30 51.28 507.80 116.53 72.40 4,873.74 2,136.25 3,395.33 54.08 8.58 509.70 109.96 97.10 3.300.00 102.52 469.24 49.14 120.00 4,040.90 1,466.55 6,169.89 $ 8,473.57 $ 7,636.44 % 2,223.53 4,710.87 1,120.50 8,217.50 $ 16,272.40 $ 115,S30.SS 29 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES — Continued 194.W6 Inland Fisheries—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Miscellaneous A ccounls—Continued: Less Receipts: Sale of Angler's License Transferred from Preceding Year Miscellaneous Receipts Sale Boone Hatchery Property •Total Receipts ..- Credit Balance Forward—Inland Fisheries Game Division: DiahuTsementB: Administration: Salary—Commissioner Salaries—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Subscription and Dues Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange. Printing and Binding $ 90,512.25 37,213.20 102.00 4,180.12 % 144,413.00 51,753.40 I 132,007.57 % 196,166.40 $ 51,753.40 Total. Enforcement: Salary—Chief Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Legal Costs Subscription and Dues Insurance and Bonding Equipment Rents Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Administration and Enforcement: Salary—Commissioner Salary and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding 5,000.00 130,564.04 436.47 1,857.21 22,160.45 2,416.69 80,635.87 5,000.00 7,084.00 92.67 475.12 1,351.01 662.96 21.07 242.83 98.90 49.44 964.80 3,839.19 19,881.99 2,970.00 125,902.63 295.54 1,799.52 35,900.17 4,821.35 29.33 20.36 126.19 2.00 835.52 498.42 351.00 2,428.90 $ 175,980.93 •Deposits During Fiscal Year. 30 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-45 Gaub Division—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Administration and Enforcement—Continued: Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations General Expense Legal Costs Subscription and Dues Insurance and Bonding Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange 2,949.58 26.54 605.11 25.92 80.30 1,500.00 14.00 567.50 Total. S 168,203.81 Game Management: Administration: Salary—Supervisor Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials -- Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express- Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. $ 8,196.83 Game Farms: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Lights and Power Repairs and Alterations 3,075.65 493.80 20.91 Total. Management Areas and Refuges: Salary—Biologist Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Rental of Dogs Repairs Additions and Betterments Lights and Power.. Rents Total 8 39,220.33 77.37 392.04 20.79 J 4,080.56 31 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Contmued 1944-45 945-46 Gaub Division—Continued: DiSBUSSBMENTS — Continued: Mount Mitchell Headquarters Project: Supplies and Materials Motor Vehicle Operation Repairs and Alterations Equipment Total. Western Refuges: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding. Motor Vehicle Operation... Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Holly SheUer and Angola Project: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Motor Vehicle Operation.. Rental of Dogs Repairs Additions and Betterments Total. Education and Training: Salary—Supervisor... Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies and Materials .. Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation... General Expense Equipment.. Motor Vehicle Exchange Total. Pittman-Rohertson Projects: Coordinating Projects: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment. Emergency Salary... 43.85 54.71 112.70 —8.00 203.26 22,915.44 43.54 260.44 824.37 170.07 1,726.18 780.00 S 26,720.04 1,355.20 123.15 31.30 575.46 281.48 163.00 5.08 2,534.67 1,720.00 149.77 365.49 266.09 511.08 295.73 1,500.00 2,125.75 280.79 999.85 456.35 1,012.37 701.42 4.00 117.74 $ 3,308.16 8,163.07 Total. $ 4,920.00 $ 4,718.28 47.80 55.79 42.87 31.59 293.05 318.20 398.64 600.00 17.67 444.00 120.00 t 6.164.03 $ 5,843.86 32 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-45 1945-46 GAAfE Division—Conhniied; Disbursements—Continued: SCS District—Cooperative Farm Game Project: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Rentals Equipment Emergency Salary. $ 1,586.91 f 1,934.41 1,785.79 2,845.52 79.19 25.86 278.55 170.60 597.57 487.60 35.00 73.00 131.71 113.79 Total. Study of Deer Management of HoUy Shelter: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Emergency Salary Total. Wildlife Resources Inventory Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment. Emergency Salary Total. Stat-e-Wide Deer Trapping and Restocking Project: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Pirchase—100 Deer Emergency Salary Total. Miscellaneous Projects: Motor Vehicle Operation (1944-45 Accounts). Fur Resources Investigation and Survey: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express.. Travel Expense 4,567.72 $ 5.577.78 958.35 134.12 20.99 1.90 109.88 21.00 ,346.70 371.84 12.98 24.80 744.99 90.00 I 4,591.31 885.00 5.48 3.32 138.96 18.66 ,155.33 50.00 3,256.75 3,237.58 2,489.46 32.43 380.16 1.831.17 405.23 1,290.00 175.16 9,841.19 924.00 47.22 14.80 133.50 33 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-45 Game Division—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Fur Resources Investigation A>n) Survey—Continued: Motor Vehicle Operation Equipment Emergency Salary Total. Goose Creek Land Purchase: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Workmen's Compensation Title Abstracting and Vesting. Purchase of Land Employees War Bonus Total. Surrey of Ungranted Land: Salaries and Wages Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express. Travel Expense Motor Vehicle Operation Employees War Bonus Total. Vnharrie Deer Restoration: Salaries and Wages.. -. Supplies and Materials Postage, Telephone, Telegraph and Express Travel Expense... Motor Vehicle Operation Employees War Bonus Total. Total Pittman-Robertson Projects. Bladen Lakes: Salaries and Wages. Dog Permits Total. Miscellaneous Accounts: Motor Boats Operation Equipment—Boats Worlimen's Compensation Contribution Retirement System. 519.00 166.55 79.40 197.81 53.78 260.50 8,283.76 18.00 9,578.80 2,337.20 —284.85 .25 450.35 260.02 198.00 2,960.97 2,981.50 697.82 47.25 294.62 804.76 180.00 5,005.95 S 29,522.81 $ 165.00 200.00 365.00 965.02 997.28 5,381.69 133.91 785.53 40.00 2,078.f $ 31,389.06 986.50 1,649.87 12.10 6,335.17 34 DIVISION OF GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES—Continued 1944-45 1945-46 Game DvnsiOK—Continued: Disbursements—Continued: Miscellaneous Accovnts—Continued: Emergency Salary. % 21,258.05 992.71 $ 12,724.64 (Pittman-Robertson Projects 588.95) Transfer to Special Funds^ .-. .. Purchase and Development Lands and Waters.. 40,699.50 Total. $ 28,602.04 $ 62,407.78 Total Disbursements S 263,540.35 S 239,349.70 86,334.77 19,308.42 595.00 511.00 6,107.89 % 349,295.20 Less Receipts: $ 355,955.18 88,666.43 18,692.18 130.00 Miscellaneous Receipts 399.00 234.13 Total Receipts—Game .. $ 352,206.78 $ 464,076.92 Credit Balance Forward—Game $ 88,666.43 $ 123,547.97 360,666.38 $ 114,781.72 Summary Game and Fish Funds: Total Credit Balance prom Preceding Year % 140,419.83 •Total Net Receipts .. 519,823.49 Total Net Revenue $ 484,214.35 343,794.52 $ 660,243.32 Less Total Net Disbursements 415,908.73 Total 1 140,419.83 $ % 244,334.59 Less Transfer to Special Funds: $ 48.917.00 Total Credit Balance Forward To Secceedino Year $ 140,419.83 $ 195,417.59 PURCHASE AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUNTING AND FISHING LANDS AND WATERS—SPECIAL FUNDS Statement of Receipts and Disbursements Biennium 1944-46 Disbursements: Less Receipts: Inland Fisheries Fund: Fifty Cents on Each Non-resident and State License Sold $. $ 8,217.50 Game Fund: S $ 40,699.50 % 1 48,917.00 Total Credit Balance Forward To Succeeding Year S $ 48.917.00 •Deposits during fiscal year. DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES INTRODUCTION The livelihood of thousands of citizens and the support of their families depend upon commercial fishing. These fishermen are assured that the Department of Conservation and Development will give them the fullest measure of cooperation consistent with the best interest of all concerned. The primary purpose of the Department is to achieve maximum production with a minimum loss to this great natural resource. To this end, rules and regulations, based upon considered judgment, are passed; restricted areas, that have been proved polluted under thorough laboratory test, are set off; as large a patrol of com-mercial waters as our means will permit is maintained; and an edu-cational program, as personal and individual as possible, is encouraged. However, the Department acknowledges it is not infallible and that mistakes may be made in supervising such a large enterprise. FOOD FISH The quality of edible food fish produced this biennium is around a million pounds short of that produced the previous period. This decrease was caused by the lack of ice and adequate facilities for handling the fish and not by their scarcity. During the fall season of 1945 we had more fish than usual but could not market them for the reasons stated above which forced some of the fishermen who had made large catches of fish in their nets to turn them out alive. It is reasonably safe to say that we shall not be handicapped this next biennium or in the foreseeable future by the lack of ice because our ice output has been increased appreciably and because a quick-freezing plant at Beaufort will soon be in operation. The old N. C. Fisheries plant at Morehead City has been sold to a Baltimore concern and renamed the Croatan Freezing Seafood Company. This plant which has a storage capacity of 800,000 pounds that we have never had the advantage of before will also be available in the future for taking care of large catches of fish. The fishermen marketed 90,717,000 pounds of food fish at a price of $7,692,050 during this biennium as against 91,475,000 pounds the previous biennium at a price of $6,434,800. SHRIMP The production of shrimp this biennium was the largest known for a like period. Large catches of shrimp were made on the inside for the season 1945 two weeks earlier than usual and continued for four weeks longer than usual because of favorable weather. This activity in the ocean during 1945 was a complete failure except in the Southport area. The shrimp catch was 9,826,810 pounds during this biennium at a value of $1,965,362.00 to the fishermen as against 5,900,000 pounds at a value of $590,000.00 for the previous period. 35 36 MENHADEN One of the disappointments experienced this biennium was the failure of the out-of-State menhaden boats to fish in our waters north of Hatteras. Previous to the war this Department collected from $3,500.00 to $4,500.00 a year in licenses from this activity. The second big disappointment was experienced when the weather turned bad during the fall of 1945 at the height of the fishing season. At that time the large menhaden were here in great schools but the few days of bad weather drove the fish away and when the boats were able to go to sea again fish were found only in small quantities. No other big schools of large menhaden came into our waters during the rest of the season; however, the few days the boats did work in the big fish such quantities of fish were brought in that factories were kept going night and day at full capacity. The State produced this period 376,816,000 menhaden valued at $2,871,000.00; and mar-keted 3,768,000 gallons of oil valued at $2,072,000.00 and 27,181 tons of scrap valued at $1,627,000.00. The nine menhaden plants in the State, eight of which are in Carteret County and one in Brunswick, represent an investment of $1,800,000; the boats, $2,000,000; and nets, $150,000. OYSTERS The oystermen received a much better price for their oysters per bushel during this biennium than ever before. Largely for this reason, more men and many more boats were engaged in this activity than ever before in the history of the industry. The Department did every-thing it could with the means in hand to keep a close supervision over this activity, especially in enforcing the cull law and the size of power boats engaged in dredging. The production was 721,689 bushels of oysters this biennium valued at $1,082,534 as against 752,268 bushels for the past biennium valued at $752,268. This production does not take into consideration the oysters that were used for home consumption and those that were produced on private oyster beds. A bushel of oysters is five pecks instead of four as in other measures. CLAMS The output of clams this biennium was 60,814 bushels valued at $121,628 as against 75,431 bushels valued at $150,862 for the previous period. This decrease was not due to the lack of clams but because of lack of markets. One of the largest clam dealers was not able to operate this past season because the nationally known canning com-pany which bought his output was not able to get cans to pack the clams. This report does not take into consideration the clams that were used for home consumption. ESCALLOPS There was a production of 3,211 gallons of escallops valued at $12,844 compared with 2,000 gallons at a value of $4,000 last bi- 3T. ennium. More escallops than for years were available. Nineteen years ago escalloping was one of our main fisheries but after the eel grass disappeared all along the coast the production of escallops stopped completely. The grass is still very scarce and some of the soft crab dealers have to order their grass from Crisfield, Maryland to use in packing their crabs. CRABS Within the past few years the hard crab has been much more important to the State and the crabbers than the soft crab from a revenue standpoint. Many more citizens were engaged in the industry and they were more widely distributed. There have been twelve new hard crab packing plants built this biennium in Dare, Beaufort, Pamlico and Carteret counties—the areas where this industry is most active. Production of soft crabs was 69,056 dozen, valued at $138,112, compared with 76,420 dozen, valued at $114,630, the previous period. We produced 10,100,000 pounds of hard crabs, valued at $404,000, this biennium as against 10,000,000 pounds, valued at $400,000, the previous period. REPORT OF DISTRICT SANITARIAN Captain John A. Nelson, Fisheries Commissioner Morehead City, N. C. Dear Captain Nelson: It is a pleasure to submit this brief report of the various activities conducted by the office of Shellfish Sanitation during the biennium ending June 30, 1946. During this biennium there were 1,184 sanitary inspections made of the 198 shellfish plants. Samples of shellfish growing waters col-lected and subjected to bacteriological examinations totaled more than 3,300. Detailed plans for 44 new shellfish plants were prepared and furnished without charge. North Carolina shellfish industries made great strides during the biennium. In spite of the shortage of building material and essential equipment 22 new shucking plants were built at a cost of $58,000, increasing the number of plants certified to 48. Twelve new shellstock plants were built at a cost of $6,000, bringing the total number of shellstock dealers to 130. Twelve new crab meat plants, valued at $27,000, were built. In addition to the expenditures for new plants of all types, approximately $32,000 was spent in enlarging or repair-ing old plants. The cooperative attitude of most shellfish dealers has demonstrated that they have apparently begun to recognize sanitation as an eco-nomic necessity. They have responded admirably to the U. S. Public Health Service's elevation of minimum sanitary requirements. They have learned that quality of product is essential to financial success; I have learned that financial success for the producer is also essential 38 for best sanitation. Plants nov/ rate favorably with the best in the nation. The weakest link in the production chain has been the acute shortage of willing and competent workers. However, in spite of the many factors retarding production, North Carolina shellfish catchers and shippers enjoyed the most successful seasons in many years. More than a thousand plant employees were provided with well paying jobs. Due largely to the highly perishable quality of crab meat and shucked oysters, maximum production has neither been attained nor sought. The bulk of shellfish shipments is consigned to northern mar-kets already flooded. Bad roads from plants to main highways cause long delays in shipments to markets. Several new quick-freeze plants are now under construction; perhaps they will furnish the solution to this problem. There is definite need for development of markets within this State. Steps should be taken to acquaint the buying public of the high sanitary quality of North Carolina shellfish. In cooperation with the Division of Commercial Fisheries of the N. C. Department of Conservation and Development, and the U. S. Public Health Service, the State Board of Health completed extensive sanitary and bacteriological surveys of the following shellfish pro-ducing waters: Shallow Bag Bay and Croatan Sound in Dare County; Core Sound, Newport River, Taylor's Creek, Bogue Sound and Oyster Creek in Carteret County; White Oak River, Queen Creek, New River, Stump Sound and Barlow Creek in Onslow County. As a result of the surveys, the taking of clams and oysters from several thousand acres of productive bottoms has been restricted. Closed areas were marked and suitable posters prepared and dis-tributed. Constant supervision over the patrolling of restricted shell-fish areas had been maintained, resulting in the apprehension of several persons observed taking clams or oysters from polluted waters. However, the addition of one or more shallow draft boats for patrolling restricted shellfish waters is recommended as the present territories restricted are too extensive to be ' amply covered by the boats now available for this purpose. The abnormally large concentration of military and civilian personnel in the coastal areas has multiplied the sewage pollution of coastal waters. Sewerage treatment facilities in many of eastern communities are dangerously inadequate, hence not only has a public health hazard been created but shellfishermen have been deprived of many acres of clam and oyster bottoms. In concluding this report, I wish to express my , appreciation for the complete cooperation and assistance you and the members of your staff have extended me and my co-workers in the performance of our duties. Respectfully submitted, N. McKeithen Caldwell, Shellfish Sanitarian, N. C. State Board of Health 39 DIAMOND-BACK TERRAPIN Large quantities of diamond-back terrapin are in our waters, but they are not caught because there is no market for them. The Federal Laboratory at Pivers Island liberated 8,500 young terrapin in our sounds and bays during this biennium. PATROL BOATS Since the last report the John A. Nelson has been returned to us by the Coast Guard and has been sold. We now have the Hatteras which is stationed at Morehead City; the Albemarle, at Edenton; Croatan and Pungo, at Manteo; Ocracoke, at Belhaven; Neuse, at New Bern; and the speed boat, Atlantic, at Morehead City. The U. S. Public Health Service has restricted territory for shellfish and the Atlantic patrols the territory around Morehead City, Beaufort and in Bogue Sound. We have bought a new boat which is now in New Bern having the house put on it. We hope to have this 46-foot boat, which is known as a Coresounder, ready by the first of the year for patrolling oyster grounds in Pamlico Sound. When this boat has been put in commission, our patrol enforcement services should be much more satisfactory. 40 KIND, QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH TAKEN IN WATERS OF NORTH CAROLINA For the Period July 1944 to June 30, 1946 Kind of Fish No. Pounds Value Spotted Trout Gray Trout Sea Mullet Blue Fish Mullet Croakers Spots Hog Fish. Mackerel Shad Herring Butters Carp Rock or Striped Bass. Flounders Puppy Drum White Perch Cats Eels.. Jack Pike Pompano Channel Bass Sheephead ,500,000 ,300,000 800,000 ,000,000 ,500,000 ,000,000 ,500,000 900,000 800,000 ,800,000 ,000,000 ,200,000 ,200,000 900,000 ,300,000 700,000 800,000 700,000 100,000 500,000 40.000 15,000 150,000 12,000 Total Food Fish. Shrimp Menhaden (No. Fish). 90,717,000 .9,826,810 376,816,000 Total Value Fin Fish. 875,000.00 ,476,000.00 48,000.00 120,000.00 780,000.00 600,000.00 870,000.00 54,000.00 120,000.00 720,000.00 900,000.00 72,000.00 144,000.00 225,000.00 345,000.00 84,000.00 96,000.00 84,000.00 12,000.00 50,000.00 4,000.00 3,750.00 7,500.00 1,800.00 7,692,050.00 1,965,362.00 2,871,000.00 $12,528,412.00 Shellfish Oysters Clams Soft Shell Crabs. Escallops Hard Crabs 721,689 (bushels) $1,082,534.00 60,814 (bushek) 121,628.00 69,056 (dozen) 138,112.00 3,211 (gaUons) 12,344.00 10,100,000 (pounds) 404,000.00 Total Value Shellfish $1,758,618.00 Totals Value of Fin Fish $12,528,412.00 Value of Shellfish. 1,758,618.00 Total Value Water Products. $14,287,030.00 41 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT For Biennium 1944-45—1945-46 1945-46 Administration and INSPECTIO^f: Commissioner's Salary Salaries and Wages—Staff Supplies Postage, Telephone and Telegram. Travel Expense Printing and Binding Motor Vehicle Operation Office Rent Insurance and Bonding Equipment Other Sources 4,200.00 17,024.60 163.90 398.43 506.45 399.09 2,837.25 1,000.00 79.12 4,800.00 19,858.00 102.01 305.33 601.35 408.40 3,280.21 1,066.67 47.60 100.00 43.50 Total, Pperation Patrol Boats: Salaries and Wages Supplies Gas and Oils Equipment Subsistence Docks and Warehouses Marking Fishing Limits Fire Insurance—Patrol Boats Repairs Boat Hatteras Purchase of Boat ($3,250. hull—$8,998. transfer). Total $ 26,608.84 12,261.00 4,213.35 1,956.48 3,891.52 1,547.20 2,638.00 328.43 198.50 90.00 8,602.79 $ 30,613.07 16,362.50 4,878.20 2,782.54 5,294.82 500.00 3,632.00 390.00 285.55 139.17 12,148.00 Shellfish Sanitation: Supplies and Materials. Equipment , $ 35,727.27 125.74 12.50 $ 46,412.78 90.88 25.58 Total. Dtster Demonstration Farm: Salaries and Wages Supplies. Insurance and Bonding Subsistence 138.24 1,200.00 146.70 13.50 240.00 116.46 $ 1,380.00 241.50 240.00 Total. Employees War Bonus.. - Emergency Salary 1,600.20 2,618.00 1,861.50 2,714.45 Total Expenditures. Less Receipts $ 66,692.55 43,567.19 ? 81,718.26 65,439.89 Appbopbiation. $ 23,125.36 $ 16,278.37 42 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS—Continued 1944-45 1945-46 Receipts: Food Fish Licenses and Taxes Oyster Licenses and Taxes Escallop Licenses and Taxes Clam Licenses and Taxes Crab Licenses and Taxes Menhaden Licenses Power Boat Licenses Other Sources Allocation from Navy—Hatteras. Alloeation from Navy—Nelson... Sale of boat Nelson $ 7,993.01 8,739.68 1,580.53 4,024.37 15,188.00 452.50 3,228.85 2,360.25 16,839.37 15,806.20 180.55 1,646.58 5,329.54 10,511.50 357.50 2,620.65 Total. $ 43,567.19 8,998.00 3,150.00 $ 65,439. DIVISION OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY The biennium covered by this report presented far beyond the ordinary assortment of circumstances with attending variety of prob-lems. During the early part of the two-year period the country was engaged in warfare, and with the termination of the conflict the post-war period was entered. Naturally, these changing conditions affected vitally the course of industry which ranged from all-out war production, the first steps in reconversion, and civilian production. Even during the latter months of the war, when there was a decreasing demand for war materials and the cancellation of orders began, industry speeded up plans for reconversion. At the beginning of 1945, activities of the special Committee on War Industrial Coordination were terminated with the completion of a program designed to help manufacturers switch into war pro-duction. This Committee, through Secretary J. E. Coad, assisted many industries in bridging the gap between their normal operations and conversion into the production of materials of war. As the production of all except the most essential consumer items was stopped, it was necessary for the best interests of the country and the workers to switch this capacity into more vital production. It was in helping to speed this transition that the most valuable service of the committee was rendered. Members of the Committee on War Industrial Coordination served on a voluntary basis and they deserve the gratitude of the State. Mr. Coad resigned as secretary of the group at the beginning of 1945 to enter private business. PERSONNEL Employment of an adequate staff was one of the primary problems of the Division during the biennium, and at no time during this period was it possible to assemble a complete organization. Because of scarcity of qualified personnel, it was necessary in the previous bi-ennium to employ a part-time industrial engineer. The Division obtained the services of R. W. Redwine, representative of Eastman, Scott and Company, which handles the State advertising account. Mr. Redwine went back to full-time with the agency after serving through the most pressing war emergency period. In November, 1945, W. C. Lehew, an engineer with considerable experience in industry, personnel management, sales, and advertising was employed as assistant industrial engineer and worked through i the rest of the biennium. Mr. Lehew, however, plans to enter business I for himself soon after the close of the biennium. I M. L. Shepherd, who was released from the army as lieutenant- I colonel, came with the Division as assistant industrial engineer in March 1946. Mr. Shepherd was on the faculty and the administrative 43 44 staff of N. C. State College for a number of years before entering the service. He is a graduate engineer and has done post-graduate work in administrative engineering. One of the most pressing problems at the close of the biennium was that of finding a suitable stafif to carry on the Rural Industries promotional program. A fuller account of this activity will be given in another part of this report. GENERAL ACTIVITIES Glesinger Report: Dr. Egon Glesinger, a forest economist with considerable European background, was employed early in 1945 to make a study of forest conditions in the State from the viewpoint of proposing a long-time utilization program, particularly from the standpoint of utilizing parts of the tree that heretofore have been wasted. Dr. Glesinger completed his study late in 1944 and his report was issued early in 1945. This report intensified interest in the further development of wood-using industries and it is believed that it will play an important part in future developments. The study was made possible through the particular interest of Governor Broughton and funds made available by Henry Wilson, Morganton furniture manu-facturer. Analytical and General Activities: Because of the large number of industrial prospects which have been served during these two years, the amount of general long-range research has been limited. The time spent with individual prospects is often duplicated or surpassed by research to fit the individual requirements. The requests on the part of the industrialists range from the simple to the intricate and involved. As an example, a large metal working company initiated a study of sites in connection with expansion plans. A representative of the company was taken on a tour of inspection through a considerable part of the State. On his departure, the engineer left a questionnaire which he stated would govern, to a considerable extent along with his personal observations, the final decision of the company. Questions propounded by the company covered six pages and the Division was requested to fill out one for each of several communi-ties. The answers involved the expenditure of a number of days on each. In addition, the engineer suggested that a brochure for each community would be helpful and go a long way toward determining upon a site. It happens that there was not an active Chamber of Commerce in any of the towns receiving major consideration and the duty of providing the information devolved largely upon the Division. The time of one man for more than a week was required to fill this demand. More than the normal amount of attention was devoted to this prospect because the industry would be particularly desirable as it would help to diversify the State's industrial structure. Industrial Directory: The Division assembled basic information for the revision of the industrial directory printed in 1938, but with the 45 issuance of a list of manufacturers by the Department of Labor in 1944, these plans were held in abeyance. After consultation with the Department of Labor, the Unemploy-ment Compensation Commission, and other interested agencies, it was decided that the Division should proceed with the revision of its list of industries. This list will be issued in mimeographed form by classification units. Thus sections of the list will be available for distribution separately. More often than otherwise, only one section of the list fills the requirement of a request. The issuance of the directory in sections will enable the Division to expand its service in helping to promote new outlets for North Carolina manufactured products at a considerable saving in cost. Guilford County Survey: In 1945, the Division cooperated with the State Planning Board and local organizations in working out a pro-cedure for a survey of the resources of Guilford County. This study is contemplated as a general appraisal of the resources of the county with the idea that it might be a model. The Division's participation is to be the compilation of a form tor information on industries of the county and assistance in analyzing data gathered in the study for the purpose of stimulating further utilization of raw materials for manufacturing processes. Literature: Although general plans have been made for a brochure on industrial advantages and opportunities in the State, it has not been practical to complete the undertaking. One member of the staff devoted considerable attention to the compilation of materials for the proposed booklet but, after this engineer left the employment of the Department, facilities to complete the work have not been available. Municipal Data: The compilation of basic data by towns which was started last biennium has been continued. This is carried on as a part-time job with the office force shifting into this activity during slack periods. A special sheet was devised for the purpose. These data are for ready office reference and preliminary information for prospects. Market Data: Considerable time is devoted in the Division to activi-ties directed toward the expansion of markets for North Carolina products. New outlets for North Carolina's manufactured products and raw materials are being constantly found as a result of informa-tion furnished through the Division. A six-month sample of inquiries and their subjects which were answered by the Division is as follows: Textile, 17; Timber Resources, 129; Plant Location, 77; Furniture and Finished Wood Products, 16; Wearing Apparel, 6; Dinnerware and Pottery, 28; General, 67; Lumber, 10; Poultry, 1; Agricultural Products, 7; Silver, 2; Transportation, 2; Tobacco, 2; Pickle, 2; Paper, 1; Catnip, 1; Canneries, 1; Brick and Clay, 1; Food, 1; Drugs, 1; Mining, 1; Labor, 1; Minerals, 2; Iron, 3; Fertilizer, 1; Peanut, 2; Soy Beans, 1; Electricity, 1; Chemicals, 3; Flax, 1; and Plastics, 1. These and others totaled 398. Most of the inquiries could not be answered by simple, readily available facts 46 but required research and frequent contacts with other sources to supplement data in our files. Service to Veterans: Every effort has been made in the Division to give the maximum service to veterans who need assistance in setting up their own business or manufacturing plant. The calls for this service were particularly numerous during the latter part of 1945 and early in 1946 as large numbers were being released from the armed forces and were planning new ventures. Many veterans called in person at the Department in quest of ideas for new lines of endeavor and for information which would help them get started in business. In one six-month period, 47 veterans were assisted. North Carolina Forest Resources Appraisal: The Division of Com-merce and Industry, in its efforts to promote sound development of the forest resources, joined other agencies in the prosecution of this study in March of 1945. The appraisal was made under the direction of the American Forestry Association with this Division, the Division of Forestry, and the School of Forestry of N. C. State College coop-erating. It is contemplated that county data will be made available as a result of the study. N.E.A. Vacation Center: In the summer of 1946, the National Edu-cation Association established a vacation center at Bryson City. This center is one of a series planned by the N.E.A. for various sections of the country to give teachers an opportunity to enjoy a planned vacation at a modest cost. The center at Bryson City is the first in the eastern part of the country. The initial number of patrons was small but it is believed that the center will grow steadily and may be the means of attracting additional thousands of visitors to the State each year. There is some likelihood that another center may be estab-lished on the coast. A representative of this Division spent considerable time in helping Paul H. Kinsel, head of the Travel Department of the N.E.A., to find facilities for the center. Rotary Headquarters: Upon receipt of a report that Rotary Inter-national was considering moving its headquarters. Governor R. Gregg Cherry issued a cordial invitation for the consideration of North Carolina. The Division of Commerce and Industry followed through by furnishing information on the State's facilities and its advantages. However, it appears now as if the headquarters will remain in Chicago. Industrial Building Lists: Manufacturing space has been one of the most severe limitations to the location of industries in North Carolina during the biennium, and the Division has exercised all the ingenuity of which it was capable in seeking means to surmount this difficulty. The search for existing buildings has been continuous throughout the two-year period. At fairly frequent intervals the State is circular-ized in an effort to locate manufacturing space. Constant contacts are made with Chambers of Commerce and various civic groups; real 47 estate agencies are canvassed; and the cooperation of the railroads and power companies is enlisted in locating industrial quarters. Information assembled as a result of these efforts is tabulated at intervals and issued in mimeographed form. These lists are circulated among developmental agencies and sent directly to prospects. Wherever possible, a representative of the Department inspects the buildings and obtains a description in order that they may be presented most effectively to the prospect. During the biennium, the 19th in the series of available industrial lists was issued. This particular list carried information on 47 build-ings. Although few of the buildings were in what might be classed as good condition and ready for immediate use, the demand is illustrated by removal of 19 from the former list. The utility of these lists is shown by the fact that several industries have been established as a direct result of its circulation and others are believed to have gone into operation as an indirect result. Scarcity of building materials, rising costs of construction, and Fed-eral regulations proved to be a positive check on industrial construc-tion during the last several months. Numerous projects which had been definitely planned were postponed. This situation is undoubtedly an important factor in the slackening of the number of industrial prospects near the close of the biennium. In addition to systematic efforts to locate ready-built manufacturing space, the Division has attempted to develop interest on the part of community groups in erecting industrial buildings for lease to manufacturers. It has also encouraged local groups to assist prospects in every practical way in working out building problems. It is en-couraging to note that some community construction enterprises have been carried out and building funds have been raised in others. The Division, however, does not encourage gifts or what is known in promotional circles as "concessions" to manufacturers, but it does aim to protect them against exploitation. Site Studies: One of the most pressing needs of the Division is a thorough study of plant sites in the State and the tabulation of data on the most promising. From time to time, some of this work has been done but there is a definite demand for a State-wide study, listing, and tabulation of site data. Much of the site data in the files of the Division has been assembled in cooperation with development agencies, but more complete infor-mation is needed. A study of this nature has been carried out in Vir-ginia, and, as a result, the promotional agencies have been able to present their sites more completely and effectively and with minimum loss of time. No one can tell exactly the effect this has had in bringing more industries but it is undoubtedly good salesmanship which must inevitably bring results. The Division is constantly seeking further cooperation from other agencies which are concerned in the development of the State in assembling site information. It is believed that at least one of these proposals will bear fruit within the next several months in the form of a field survey in one section of the State. 48 PLANT LOCATIONS Realizing that intelligent and well-guided industrial promotion rests partly on a knowledge of what is being accomplished, the Division in 1945 set about to list, tabulate and classify new and projected industries and expansions. This undertaking was carried out for the calendar year 1945 and for the first half of 1946. This survey indicates that the rate of industrial expansion, im-mediately preceding and following the termination of hostilities in World War II was greater than for any similar period on record. Following is a summary of industrial progress during 1945 and the first six months of 1946: NEW AND PROPOSED INDUSTRIES—1945 Industry Number Approx. Invest. Approx. No. Workers Approx. Annual Payrolls Textile Mill Products Food and Kindred Products Furniture and Finished Lumber Products-,. Stone, Clay and Glass Products Paper and Allied Products Lumber and Timber Basic Products Chemicals and Allied Products Nonferrous Metals and Their Products Machinery, Except Electrical Tobacco Manufacture --. Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries — Total—New Industries 34,500,000 5,350,000 2,500,000 750,000 2,250,000 750,000 500,000 350,000 300,000 20,000 390,000 9,200 2,190 1,500 450 750 900 400 175 185 40 380 11.500,000 3,095,000 1,800,000 305,000 1,500,000 825,000 600,000 365,000 300,000 60,500 550,000 225 $ 47,660,000 16,165 $ 20,930,500 NEW AND PROPOSED EXPANSIONS—1945 Industry Number Approx. Invest. Approx. No. Workers Approx. Annual Payrolls Textile Mill Products Food and Kindred Products Furniture and Finished Lumber Products. Paper and Allied Products Chemicals and Allied Products -.- Machinery, Except Electrical Tobacco Manufacture Stone, Clay and Glass Products Electrical Machinery Iron and Steel and Their Products Automobiles and Automotive Equipment - Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries.. Total—Expansions. Grand Total.. 162 387 24,000,000 1,350,000 1,750,000 6,500,000 500,000 125,000 450,000 125,000 65,000 50,000 35,000 1,600,000 36,530,000 84,210,000 12,000 590 1,300 2,250 650 200 300 50 50 150 15 1,150 15,000,000 835,000 1,750,000 4,270,000 950,000 350,000 450,000 34,000 120,000 280,000 30,000 1,750,000 18,705 34,870 $ 25,569,000 $ 46,499,500 49 NEW AND PROPOSED INDUSTRIES First six months of 1946 Industry Number Approx. Invest. Approx. No. Workers Approx. Annual Payrolls Textile Mill Products Furniture and Finished Lumber Products... Apparel and Other Finished Products Food and Kindred Products Stone, Clay and Glass Products Chemicals and Allied Products Lumber and Timber Basic Products Machinery, Except Electrical Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Total—New Industries 11,500,000 425,000 840,000 2,025,000 319,500 840,000 200,000 30,000 13,180,000 181 S 29,359,500 5,250 570 1,950 480 170 700 120 23 7,755 17,018 8,325,000 830,000 3,500,000 700,000 275,000 1,030,000 175,000 45,000 14,534,000 $ 29,414,000 NEW AND PROPOSED EXPANSIONS First six months of 1946 Industry Number Approx. Invest. Approx. No. Workers Approx. Annual Payrolls Textile Mill Products . . 66 13 5 4 3 2 7 $ 27,500,000 1,225,000 387,000 2,000,000 75,000 100,000 1,845,000 10,000 390 210 150 35 250 585 $ 15,860,000 570,000 306,000 195,000 55,000 442,000 1,097,000 Total—-Expansions. 100 281 $ 33,132,000 S 62,491,500 11,620 28,638 $ 18,525,000 Grand Total. $ 47,939.000 Total Fob 18 Months From Janu-ary 1, 1945 TO July 1, 1946—New Industries and Expansions 668 % 146,701,500 63,508 $ 94,438,500 Because the location of an industry is seldom, if ever, the accom-plishment of any individual or single agency, no attempt has been made to claim definite responsibility on the part of this Division for any specific number of new plants. It is known that the Division has made direct contributions to the location of many of these new plants and indirectly to others. Assistance is constantly being extended to other agencies in working with their prospects, and conversely others repeatedly assist us. The number of concerns interested in locations during the report period has, no doubt, been the largest since the establishment of the 50 Division. This naturally means that the time required in direct and indirect contacts has been greater than before. The major activity of our staff has been in working with prospects, leaving little time for general planning and long-range promotion. From all appearances, major attention must be given to working with prospects during the next few years. At the same time, increasing thought will be devoted to long-range planning and promotion, par-ticularly with the objective of seeking greater diversijBcation of the State's economic structure. There should be no slackening of the State's effort to attract in-dustry. Competition is keen between the various commonwealths for new manufacturing and commercial concerns, and an effective pro-gram will guide many to this State which would otherwise locate elsewhere. If the resources of more than one state are approximately equal, an effective presentation may clinch the deal for the particular one which goes out to accomplish this result. Mineral Industries: Particular attention was focused throughout the war on increased utilization of North Carolina's varied mineral re-sources. The Division of Commerce and Industry teamed with the Division of Mineral Resources in seeking more thorough exploration of the State's mineral deposits and their utilization. Consistently during the past several years, these Divisions have urged the utilization of the millions of tons of olivine as a source of metallic magnesium. Opportunities in this field were repeatedly brought to the attention of governmental officials and private capital during the war, and it is hoped that these efforts may bear fruit in the future. One of the deterring factors was the lack of a proven, economical recovery process. As a result of quickened interest in this mineral, two processes which have wide promise have been worked out. One of these has gone through the pilot stage and it is believed that its feasibility has been satisfactorily demonstrated. One of the most constructive results of the mineral program has been deeper interest of the U. S. Bureau of Mines in North Carolina. RURAL INDUSTRIES The trend of industrial development in the State during past several years has been primarily toward those counties which are already most heavily industrialized. This naturally means that many of the counties are receiving only indirect benefits from new payrolls, addi-tional outlets for raw materials, and operating profits. Recent studies reveal that 95 per cent of the industry of North Carolina is west of Raleigh. Ten counties provide almost half the industrial employment and these counties contain only about 21 per cent of the State's population. Three classes of industry, textiles, to-bacco, and wood products, furnish employment to about 85 per cent of the industrially employed in the State. These factors emphasize the need for more industrial development in other counties. Economists and public leaders in the State point 51 out that the increasing mechanization of farms will release large numbers of workers to industry in the future. Most of these will be forced to migrate to find work if nearby employment is not provided. These conditions emphasize the need of a program which will encourage and assist in the establishment of small manufacturing units located in rural areas, utilizing nearby raw materials, and financed by local capital. Dr. Clarence Poe, editor of the Progressive Farmer, has been a leader in this movement. In the latter part of 1945, Governor R. Gregg Cherry appointed a general committee on Rural Industries, and a meeting of the group was called in Raleigh in November of that year. A plan of procedure, calling for 11 district meetings scattered throughout the State was mapped out at the Raleigh conference and an Operating Committee w^as appointed. This committee consists of the following: Dr. L. D. Baver, chairman; Paul Kelly, secretary; Felix A. Grisette, Randall B. Etheridge, Dan E. Stewart, Dr. Clarence Poe, T. A. Rochelle, Dr. I. O. Schaub, T. E. Browne. Administration of the program was subsequently placed under the Division of Commerce and Industry. Although some progress had been made by the end of the biennium, the program had not gotten into full swing, pending the employment of a staff. Because the success of the program depends, to a considerable extent, on the caliber of individuals employed to carry it on, the Division is pro-ceeding carefully in their selection. However, in spite of the shortage of help, some definite steps have been taken. Under the direction of the Operating Committee, plans have been made for the 11 district meetings; subject matter to be covered has been outlined; and speakers have been tentatively selected. One of the most constructive contributions to the program to date has been the preparation of a manuscript by W. A. Smith and R. E. Hertzler, of The Southeastern Forest Experiment Station on the "Pre-servative Treatment of Fence Posts." This was published as Resource- Industry Series No. 1 of the Division. The response was most pleasing as indicated by widespread requests for copies, and comments from many sources. Within sixty days after it became available, some three out of four thousand copies of the publication had been dis-tributed. The most pleasing result of the appearance of the booklet is the fact that it has created considerable interest in the possibilities as outlined. Several individuals have undertaken further studies of the opportunity outlined in the booklet and some have indicated plans for the construction of plants. There are no records in the Depart-ment of the prior existence of any plants of the nature suggested although there are some larger plants for the treatment of telephone and power poles, etc. At the close of the biennium, several persons were under consid-eration for the rural industries staff and it is hoped that the program may be in full swing before the end of 1946. Present plans are to complete the series of meetings before the close of the year. DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND PARKS The end of World War II and the upsurge of interest in all phases of forestry and State park development has challenged this Division to meet the demands of the citizens of the State. The place of the basic resources of timber and timberland in the economy of the State has reached a peak heretofore unequalled. Timberland owners com-posed of farmers, pulp and paper companies, lumber companies and investment forest land owners are expecting better forest fire control and better forest management. These vitally interested individuals and other farseeing citizens are looking to the State for leadership and assistance. The State park system must be enlarged and developed to meet the pressure of a greatly increased use of presently inadequate facilities. The report on State parks in the following pages is an indication of the importance of this activity of the State government. Personnel. With the continuing absence of some of the key men of the Division, due to the war, it was urgent that the services of John S. Holmes as State Forester be continued as long as feasible. Mr. Holmes had been in immediate charge of the State's Forestry work in this Department and in its predecessor departments since June 1, 1909. However, in order to lessen the strain of administrative work, and at his own request, on February 1, 1945, the Board authorized a change in his status from State Forester to Associate State Forester. Effective on the same date William K. Beichler was appointed to the position as State Forester. Beichler had joined the Department July 1, 1927, as District Forester at Asheville, having previously served with the U. S. Forest Service in western North Carolina, and in Minnesota, and with the Maryland State Forest Service. At the time of this appointment as State Forester, Beichler had served since March 1, 1942, as Assistant State Forester in charge of Forest Fire Control. During the biennium, personnel losses in the Division, especially with respect to technical foresters, were serious; replacements, again particularly of technical personnel, were almost impossible during that war period. The low ebb in the employment of technical foresters by the State Forest Service over the past ten or fifteen years was reached in the spring of 1945. At that time the entire State Forest Service included only four technical foresters in the Raleigh ofl&ce and two in the field force (the field force representing seven district offices, two forest nurseries and one State forest). The end of the war permitted the return of T. W. Morse in October 1945, J. R. Spratt in November 1945, and F. H. Claridge in January 1946. These men assumed positions in charge of the Branches of State Parks, Forest Fire Control, and Forest Management, respectively. On March 1, 1946, W. L. Beasley, Jr., formerly employed with the Division as Associate Forester, returned after four years in the Army. 52 53 The establishment of a much needed Branch of Information and Edu-cation in the Division had been postponed during his absence. He was assigned as Assistant Forester in charge of this new work; unfortu-nately, however, he resigned after two months to accept a position in private industry at a considerably better salary. On June 15, 1946, Mrs. Edna J. Almand resigned as secretary to the State Forester. During the period between October 1, 1945, and June 30, 1946, technical foresters again became available, as a result of the end of the war. During that period we were able to employ technical District Foresters and Assistant District Foresters to the extent of our author-ized budget (District Foresters in eight of the nine district offices, and Assistant District Foresters in three district offices). This total includes the return of former District Forester B. H. Corpening from army service in Europe to our Asheville District office; he was the last of our men to return from the armed services. However, the MEMBERS OF DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND PARKS IN ARMED SERVICES 1940-46 Name Entered On Returned to Major Field Active Duty Dept.ofC&D of Service Remarks Wm. L. Beasley, Jr.._ March 4, 1942, Private, U. S. Army March 1, 1946 Captain, U. S. Army European Theatre M. M. Carstarphen.. Oct. 26, 1943 Sp(Fireman) 3rd CI. Aug. 19, 1944 Sp(Fireman) 3rd CI. Newport, R. L F. H. Claridge Nov. 10, 1940, (1 yr) Jan. 16, 1946, Camp Plauche, Army Commendation RecaUed Mar. 7, 1942 Lt. Col., U. S. Army New Orleans, La. Ribbon Captain, U. S. Army B. H. Corpening Nov. 29, 1942 July 1, 1946 European Theatre Battlefield Private, U. S. Army 1st Lt., U. S. Army Commission Wm.S. Edmunds.-.. Sept. 1, 1942 Jan. 1, 1946 A. A. F. Fort Bragg Private, U. S. Army Captain, U. S. Army and Shepard Field Thomas C.EUis Dec. 9, 1942 Private, U. S. Army April 1, 1946 Technician 5th Gr. U. S. Army Ft. Ord Jesse Long. June 28, 1944 Feb. 1, 1946 Camp Bradford Apprentice Seaman Seaman 1st. Class .Amphibious U. S. Navy U. S. Navy Training Base Thomas W. Morse. . . Mar. 7, 1944 Oct. 1, 1945 Naval Training Apprentice Seaman Boatswains Mate Station, Norfolk U. S. Navy 2nd CI.—U. S. Navy Operating Base C. C. Stott Mar. 9, 1941 Jan. 1, 1941 N. C. State CoUege 1st Lt., U. S. Army Major, U. S. Army Hdqtrs. 2nd Army Memphis, Tenn. James R. Speer Sept. 29, 1942 Private, U. S. Army Mar. 1, 1946 Technician 4th Gr. U. S. Army Pacific Theatre J. R. Spratt Feb. 1, 1943 Lt. (j. g.) U. S. Navy Nov. 16, 1945 Lt. (Sr. gr.) Pacific Theatre U. S. Navy R. L. Westerfield Sept. 30, 1943 Priyate, U. S. Army Nov. 7, 1945 Tech. Sergeant U. S. Army European Theatre 54 great expansion in the use of foresters by private forest products industries, together with the much higher salary range offered by such industries and by the Federal Government, made it impossible for us to keep these men. During that same nine months' period, as well as during the several months immediately following the end of the biennium, we experienced a great turnover in this technical personnel; at least five of the newly returned foresters resigned after short service to accept much higher salaries elsewhere. As is indicated above in regard to the number of District Foresters, the number of District Offices was increased from seven to nine, resulting from legislative authority effective July 1, 1945. The two new offices were established in the fall of 1945, in Sylva in Jackson County and Whiteville in Columbus County. Legislation. Little change was made in forestry legislation by the General Assembly of 1945. The chief gain was in the increase of funds allotted to forest fire control. The increase of $72,239 annually over the previous biennium indicates a demand by the public for State-wide protection. The use of this fund is reported elsewhere. Chapter 1035 Session Laws of 1945. To encourage the establishment of school practice forests in connection with Vocational Agricultural Schools. In order to encourage the study of woodland management as a regular feature in Vocational Agricultural Schools, Represent-atives Whitfield and Askew introduced a Bill and secured the enact-ment of this measure. It authorizes the acquisition by gift, purchase or lease for not less than 20 years of a parcel of woodland or open land suitable for forest planting, to be handled by the school in accordance with plans approved by some available publicly employed forester. This law provides a legal and suitable method of acquiring small school forests for educational purposes and calls the attention of the public to a valuable educational feature which already was legal but has heretofore been practiced only to a very limited extent. It was to facilitate the use of such school forests that Circular No. 28, "Practical Forest Management in Vocational Agricultural Schools," by J. S. Holmes, was prepared and printed. Chapter 407 Session Laws of 1945. This, the only other legal enact-ment dealing with the work of the Division of Forestry, is an amend-ment to Chapter 113, Section 34, General Statutes, repealing the exception to that measure which exempted Stokes County from the operation of the eminent domain proceedings for acquisition of land. By this measure the Act of 1941 becomes applicable to the whole State. Temporary Forest Survey Commission. In order to secure advance study by a representative group of legislators, so that the General Assembly of 1947 could have first hand information on the condition and needs of our forests, this measure was enacted. It provides for the appointment of a commission of two Senators and three Represent-atives "to prepare a report" designed as a guide for any legislation 55 the commission may deem necessary to place the forests of this State on a sound sustained yield basis. Gov. Cherry subsequently appointed the following commission: Senator Ryan McBryde of Hoke Senator Carroll P. Rogers of Polk Representative E. S. Askew of Pamlico, Chairman Representative William F. Marshall of Stokes Representative Wilbur H. Currie of Moore This commission up to July 1946 has held two meetings in the office of the Department of Conservation and Development which by the law is required to furnish such help to the commission as it may be able to supply. Cutting Practices In October of 1944, at the invitation of President Korstian of the N. C. Forestry Association, a representative group of Foresters, both privately employed and publicly employed, met in Asheville to con-sider possible State legislation regarding forest cutting practices. The group agreed upon and drew up a tentative bill for this purpose, which was to be kept available in case the 1945 General Assembly indicated a desire to enact this type of legislation. A called meeting of the Forestry Association was held in Raleigh in February 1945, to discuss the matter. Sentiment at that meeting and also among key members of the Legislature indicated that there was insufficient public demand for this type legislation, and accordingly no such bill was introduced in the 1945 General Assembly. The new Forestry Omnibus Bill (H.R. 6221) introduced into Congress April 30, 1946, would place cutting regulation, as well as a number of other activities which might well be State functions, in the hands of the Federal government if enacted into law. "Cutting Practices for the Carolinas," prepared by the Appalachian Section of the Society of American Foresters and distributed under a cover of this Department, might well be consulted in this connection. Study of State Forestry Administration. During 1944 the Society of American Foresters and the Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry Foun-dation agreed to sponsor jointly a series of surveys of State Forestry Administration in states whose Governors should request such service. It was most fitting that the principal organization meeting governing this proposal was held in October of that year in Biltmore, only two miles from Pack Square and the Pack Public Library in Asheville which had been donated to the city of Asheville by Charles L. Pack's father. It was equally appropriate that North Carolina became the first State in the Union to secure benefit of this survey. At the sugges-tion of the North Carolina Forestry Association, Governor Broughton extended on October 7, 1944, a cordial invitation to the Society of American Foresters to inaugurate this project in North Carolina. As a result, the survey was begun in the State on November 10, 1944 with Alfred B. Hastings of Maryland in charge of the field work. 56 Mr. Hastings, who completed the field work in March 1945, was eminently fitted to make this survey, having served as Assistant State Forester in both New Hampshire and Virginia and for the past twenty years having been connected with the Division of State Forestry of the U. S. Forest Service. The study was undertaken to define and establish standards neces-sary for the efficient adrriinistration of the State's forest resources, and to make recommendations as to how these standards may be met. The Division of Forestry furnished all feasible assistance in the way of information, office space, and occasional field travel to Mr. Hastings in the conduct of his study. The final Report in mimeographed form, as approved by the Society and the Foundation, was received by the Governor and the Department in early October of 1945. In this same form it was formally presented to Governor Cherry in person in his office, and to the Board of Conservation and Development in January of 1946. Shortly thereafter, arrangements were made by the Depart-ment to print the Report, and the printed copies were received by the State Forester in July of 1946. It is to be hoped that this thorough-going survey, with its 18 specific and listed recommendations, will enjoy the full and careful consideration of the people of the State. It is potentially capable of resulting in great progress for North Caro-lina's State Forestry Program. U. S. Forest Service Forest Re-Appraisal. The Chief of the Forest Service in his annual report for 1945 describes this extended study as follows: "It is desirable periodically to make a comprehensive re-view of the entire forest situation in order to appraise the condition of the resource and its management in terms of present and future needs." Such a reappraisal is now being made. Based on forest survey data and on new studies, this reappraisal will cover the quantity, quality, distribution, growth, and drain of the forest resources in the various regions. It will reconsider future requirements and give special attention to the adequacy of the available stand in each region to sustain the current output of forest products and meet future pro-duction goals. The character of forest practices during the war years, and the extent to which forest lands are now under various degrees of forest management, are also being examined. The reappraisal project will also consider various physical, economic, and social aspects of the forest situation that have a bearing on forest depletion, forest employment, progress in good forest management, and public forest policy." Part of this project involved a rather extensive study of sample counties selected as representing a small group of counties. Coopera-tion was to be asked from a number of public agencies employing foresters, such as the Soil Conservation Service and the Agricultural Extension Service. The idea was to make one forester responsible for the report on at least one sample county. In the early summer of 1945 this Department was asked to coop-erate by contributing some technical help in carrying out this study 57 and three men were assigned, each to one county. After a couple of days training with E. M. Gaines, State Leader of the Reappraisal project, each forester completed his assigned county by himself and wrote up the report, mailing it to the Regional Office in Atlanta. This assignment was finished before the end of July, P. A. Griffiths covering Alamance County, Frank J. Miller working Pender, and Walter J. Clark doing Nash County. No indication has been received as to when the report will be available. White Pine Blister Rust. This serious Asiatic enemy of the white pines, introduced from Europe about the beginning of this century, only recently invaded this State, having spread west much more rapidly than south. It was not until the fall of 1945 that the first diseased white pine in North Carolina was found in Ashe County, though diseased Ribes leaves were found in Ashe, Avery, Watauga and McDowell counties as early as 1941. While this disease is fatal to white pine wherever it becomes established, it can be prevented by the eradication of all Ribes (currants and gooseberries) within 900 feet of the nearest pine. This prevention work has been going on in western North Carolina for many years, first with no State financial allotment and then with State aid. The U. S. Division of Plant Quarantine has led this fight, which promises to be effective. Beginhing in 1937 the State Department of Agriculture has annually put $5,000 into this work, the Federal Government guaranteeing to meet this sum with an equal or greater amount. Our District offices have been instructed to cooperate in this pro-gram, so far as possible, especially in the inspection of white pine plantations and proposed planting sites. Landowners in the mountain region can still feel safe in planting white pine for timber production, except in a few very restricted areas where these Ribes have not yet been exterminated. The Holmes State Forest Nursery, where the Department grows its white pine seedlings for distribution to landowners, is outside the danger zone yet it is regularly and carefully inspected for this and other diseases. The State Forester, therefore, feels no hesitancy in recommending the planting of white pine in nearly all parts of western North Carolina. Forest Resources Appraisal of North Carolina. This appraisal in the words of the report is a "project of Nation-wide scope, organized by the American Forestry Association early in 1944. It is a fact finding survey to determine the effects of the war period upon the country's forests productive condition and to study means of improving these conditions." The Board of Conservation and Development at its semiannual meeting January 1945 gave approval to this cooperative project and authorized the Director to furnish "whatever data and information the Department may have which would be of value to the appraisal project and make such contribution of time of the staff of the Depart-ment which may be utilized to the advantage of the project without 58 detriment to the administration of the proper functions of the De-partment." This made possible the employment of James Roberts, Washington, D. C, as an office computer on this project for five months at $100 per month. The North Carolina Forest Resources Appraisal was begun in March 1945, and the field work completed by the middle of August. The work was undertaken as a cooperative agreement between the North Carolina State College Division of Forestry, the American Forestry Association and this Department. All field work and the development of the report was done by the authors, George K. Slocum, Associate Professor of Forestry, whose services were generously donated to this work by State College, and Charles R. Ross, Regional Consultant, American Forestry Association. A preliminary report on this survey was published in American Forests for December, 1945, and a copy of the full typewritten report was furnished this Depart-ment in the spring of 1946. Timber Farm,s Program. The award of the Timber Farm Certificates to timber land owners who have accomplished outstanding results in the practice of forestry was unavoidably curtailed during the war due to the lack of personnel. The project jointly sponsored by the N. C. Forestry Association and the Southern Pine Association, assisted by the State Forester and Extension Forester and a forester from the U. S. Forest Service, has been an excellent means of stimulating good forestry practices. Appropriate signs are being erected on the prop-erties of those awarded the certificates. To date the following 19 timber land owners have qualified representing a total woodland area of 253,599 acres. TIMBER FARMS Name Log Cabin Association O.W. McManus Ben H. Nicholson Camp Mfg. Company. A. M. Carpenter Genie Shepherd B.H.Perry Mrs. T.B.Williams.. Lacy L. McAllister R. L. Stowe Rice Gwyn, Jr Frank M. Harper Colin G. Spencer C. H.Goslen R. C. Enloe Duke Power Company. K.Clyde Council Dr. J. A. AUen Riegel Paper Company Address Sylva. N. C. Gibson, N. C. Cowarts. N.C. Franklin, Va. Rt. 4, Durham, N. C. Rt. 3, Durham, N. C. Henderson, N. C. Ridgeway, N. C. Greensboro, N. C. Belmont, N. C. Longwood, N. C. Raleigh, N. C. Carthage, N.C. Rt. 1, Pfafftown, N. C. Rt. 1, Franklin, N. C. Charlotte, N. C. Wananish, N. C. New London, N. C. Bolton, N. C. County Jackson Scotland Jackson Hertford Durham Durham Franklin Warren Anson Gaston Brunswick Wake Moore Forsyth Macon 10 Counties in western N. C. Columbus Stanly Brunswick Columbus Acreage 887 85 21.5 6,346 100 103 1,000 25 1,000 50 2,300 45 3,727 132 147 91,534 6,000 97 140,000 59 N. C. Academy of Science. This organization has for a number of years been much interested in the State park and public forest pro-gram of this Department, especially from the viewpoint of maintaining natural conditions. It has actively sought the public acquisition of the Dismal Swamp and the "Primeval Forest" with this in mind. Former State Forester Holmes was for several years chairman of its Committee on Conservation. The advantage to our technical personnel of maintaining contact with the leaders in botany and other sciences would seem to warrant continued close affiliation with this group. Publications. With the reduced personnel in the Division there has been little time for investigations which are a necessary foundation for any worthwhile publication or for the actual writing. Circulars were, however, prepared to meet the demand for information on two features of the work of the Division, as follows: Cir. 26—"Forest Tree Seedlings and How to Plant Them," by P. A. Griffiths; Cir. 27—"Hints on Planting Dogwood," by J. S. Holmes Information sheets have also been prepared and mimeographed for schools and other inquirers dealing with Reforestation, Arbor Day, etc. Bui. 46 — The Shrubs and Woody Vines of North Carolina by Dr. M. A. Curtis, republished in August, 1945, with a foreword which gives the reason for making available this interesting old report after being out of print for nearly half a century. These groups of woody plants form an integral and often important part of our forests and a better knowledge of them should be encouraged. FOREST FIRE CONTROL The forest area under protection by the State Forest Service in-creased by approximately 166,995 acres during the period covered by this report. As the following Progress Chart will show, this is due primarily to an increase in the number of protected (or co-operating) counties. Financial cooperation in fire control was con-tinued with the Federal Government under Section 2 of the Clarke- McNary Law, whereby Federal funds are allotted to the several states for fire prevention based largely upon appropriations made available within the states themselves. It will be noted in the Progress Chart that the Federal appropria-tion as of June 30, 1945, was considerably larger than that for the preceding year while the State appropriation was actually slightly less. This increase was due entirely to the fact that the over-all Federal appropriation for the entire country was materially increased. Also, it will be noted that for the last year of the biennium con-siderably more State funds were available which directly resulted in the State being able to qualify for a larger Federal allotment. The State appropriation, under our present system of financial co-operation with the Federal Government, counties and private land-owners, is, therefore, the key to the financial picture. Supervisory Personnel: As is stated early in this Division's report, 60 personnel problems were acute during this biennium. This was espe-cially true with our technical forester personnel whose duty it is to supervise both the Fire Control and the Forest Management programs; it was also true with respect to the seasonal manpower we must employ during the fire seasons such as towermen, smokechasers, and fire crews. As the Progress Chart indicates, only one District For-ester was left on June 30, 1945. The matter of comparative salaries and wages for State employment and employment in private industry and with the Federal Government is creating a continuing personnel problem for both technical and non-technical personnel as the biennium ends. The District Offices as of June 30, 1946, are as follows: District 1—Asheville District 6—Fayetteville District 2—Lenoir District 7—Elizabeth City District 3—Rockingham District 8—Whiteville District 4—New Bern District 9—Sylva District 5—Rocky Mount As is also indicated early in this report, J. R. Spratt assumed the position of Assistant Forester in charge of Forest Fire Control, upon his return from Naval Service in November of 1945. P. W. Tillman, who had acted in charge of that Branch during Spratt' s absence be-came Chief Forest Inspector in the Fire Control Branch, and W. J. Clark continued as Forest Inspector. Likewise, Archie B. Smith con-tinues as Equipment and Maintenance Supervisor. Effective shortly after the end of the biennium, M. M. Carstarphen was promoted to the position of Law Enforcement Ranger in the Raleigh Office. This position, authorized by the last Legislature but vacant since that time due to personnel shortages, represents a needed supervisor of our fire law enforcement activities throughout the State. Present Organization: Each of the sixty-three counties under pro-tection has a salaried full-time County Forest Warden. At the begin-ning of the biennium eleven of these were also County Game Protectors in their respective counties, their salaries being paid jointly by the two Divisions of the Department. During the biennium this combina-tion warden system was abolished and now each protected county has |
OCLC Number-Original | (OCoLC)2253557 |