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BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Hon. L. P. Tapp, Chairman Kinston
Dr. W. W. Dawson Grifton
Dr. G. H. Macon _ Warrenton
Mr. S. F. McCotter Vandemere
Prof. T. E. Whitaker Oak Ridge
Mr. V. 0. Parker Raleigh
Mr. C. W. Lassiter Spring Hope
Dr. J. B. Cranmer _ Wilmington
EXECUTIVE AND BUILDING COMMITTEE
Hon. L. P. Tapp, Chairman Kinston
Dr. W. W. Dawson Gri^fton
Mr. V. O. Parker , Raleigh
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
To His Excellency, Hon. Angus W. McLean,
Governor of North Carolina. ^._-:'>.•; :; ,\
-
; •"
Dear Sir:
We have the honor of transmitting to your Excellency the
Biennial Report of the Board of Trustees and Superintendent of
The Caswell Training School for mental deifectives, for the two
years ending June 30, 1928.
Respectfully submitted,
L. P. Tapp, Chairman
. • Dr. W. W. Dawson
.
• Mr. V. 0. Parker
'"'
•-1.-......; ,.-. Executive Committee
OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION
W. H. Dixon, M. D Superintendent
A. M. McCuiSTON, M. D Medical Director
* Drs. S.4BIST0N AND Parrott Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat
* Dr. E. T. Koonce Dentistry
Mr. W. L. Sutton Business Manager
Miss Elsa Ernst Principal of School
Miss Texie Bowman Head Nurse
Mrs. Florence Leonard Head Matron
Mrs. L. W. Latta Supervisor of Girls
Mr. J. C. Latta Supervisor of Boys
( * Visiting Physicians)
Superintendent's Report
The years 1926-1927 and 1927-1928 comprise the biennium, and
the rejaorts for these years are combined so that they may give
a synopsis of the tAvo years at one reading.
During the beginning of thel year 1926 and for some time before
we were veithout the services of a Medical Director. On Janiiary
1, 1927, Dr. A. M. McCuiston of Nashville, N. C, was secured to
fill this position. He had no previous experience whatever with
work required in Institutions for mental defectives. I am pleased
to say that he readily adjusted himself to this situation and has
made a satisfactory Medical Director and has maintained the us-ual
health standai'ds here.
During this j'ear, the poultry farm was re-established and has
been, since its establishment, in a fairly healthy condition and is
filling a needed place in the Institution by furnishing chickens
and eggs for the dining' rooms.
A continuation of the report embodies that of June 20, 1927 to
June 30, 1928.
There have been no material changes in the management of
the Institution since,' the laist report. The unrest that was found
on assuming- control has gradually disappeared. Just now, the
heads of every department are functioning splendidly and co-operating
in the management of the Institution.
Therq has been less dissatisfaction among the inmates than at
any time since I have been here. There have been a few of the em-ployees
that did not and would not co-operrate to the best interest
of the children. They seemed to have a definite idea that corporal
punishment was necessary for the conti'ol of their groups. It be-came
my unpleasant duty to discharge two that would not desist
from this method of jjunishment. From my observation and ex-perience,
I find kindness, forbearance and sympathy the best means
of controlling the various groups of inmates. The punishments
uieted to those that need such correction are confinement, removal
f privileges and parental talks. This alone has created a sj-m-pathetic
sort of feeling between the inmates and employees and
has resulted in a much more pleasant management of the inmates
as a whole.
Due to the improvement in the behavior of the inmates, a greater
number have been allowed the privilege of enjoying a vacation at
home than ever before. Before the vacation period ends which is
August 30th, more than fifty of our children will have been on
vacations. A few of these, I have allowed to go alone, and will
2 Eighth Biennial Report
return the same way at the expiration of their vacation.
The plans for the future Permanent Improvements will have to
bo more or less perfected before the convening of the next Legis-lature.
In my opinion, there are four or five outstanding things
that demand our attention.
First : Junior Ward Building for our very young inmates to
accomodate between fifty and seventy-five.
Second : A Tubercular Building with about ten beds to take
care of our tubercular inmateg.
Third : A Colonj' Building sufficiently large enough to take
care of thirty or forty inmates.
Fourth : A sufficient number of acres of land to produce
adequate amount of food products for the stock and inmates.
Since beginning this report, the Board of Trustees have purchas-ed
on hundred and thirty-seven acres of land which will replace
that taken over by the Farm Colony for women this year.
The buildings that were let more tha-n one year ago for the hous-ing
of the low grade imbeciles and idiots have belen completed and
are now being used. These are relieving a bad situation as this
type was associated more or le^s with the other types of inmates
in the Institution. By the construction of these two buildings,
it has increased the capacity in round numbers one hundred and
fifty. This number will be admitted just as soon as thejy can be
jii-operly classified. This report covers the period up to and in-cluding
June 30, 1928.
The movement of population is as follows:
Number present June 30, 1926-1928
Number admitted during the year
Number discharged during the year
Number died during the year
Total numbejr of inmates in Institution
at end of year 468 497
Number applications on file June 30, 1926, 306.
Number applications on file June 30, 1928, 390.
It might be interesting to have the additional information in
regard to the admission of children. At this date we are rapidly
filling in the otheSi- buildings and will have in a few days six
hundred inmates in the Institution.
26-1927 1927-1928
396 468
108 71
27 27
9 1.5
Respectfully submitted,
W. H. Dixon, M. D., Supt.
Eighth Biennial Report 3
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR.
It gives me pleasure to aejurt to you the health conditions as
well as the sanitary and food oonditions of the Institution.
We have been fortunate in escaping the usual and prevalent
epidemics. We missed the measles and scarlet fever rage this
year as well as the influenza. We have had a fe(w cass of colitis
this summer, but they have been fairly scattered and were soon
under control. Our hospital has had fewer admittances this
year than last, and our clinic has not been as large.
I wish to call your attention to our Dental Department. Dr.
Koonce is doing some remarkable work with the children. We
have impressed on the gttendants the need of closejy watching
the teeth and the importance of bringing the children to this
department. This, they have done in a co-operative way.
We have been fortunate in having a good supply of wholesome
milk for the children. We are weighing each inmate each month
and keieping a careful tab on the weight card. Any child show-ing
loss of weight is given close attention as to diet, etc. We
have tried to balance the diet as far as we possibly could, each
group of children being fed according to age, and needs.
I have done nearly three hundred Tubercular tests and I have
some rather interesting as well as surprising data. One group
of eighty-two girls gave twenty-one positive tubercular reactions.
A group of forty-two boys who work on the farm, gave three
positive reactions. T!iirty-four Junior Ward children gave nine
positive reactions. Fifty-four low grade boys gave twenty-eight
posiive reactions. Therefore, I must call your attention to the
fact from the above account and the death records, that WE
HAVE TUBERCULOSIS IN OUR INSTITUTION, and we have
no place for them. We are not prepared to take care of them
as they should be cared for, or for the protection of the other
children. We need a special building set apart for the tuber-cular
feeble-minded children of North Carolina just as well as
we do for the insane of this State both white and colored. Tuber-culosis
is bad enough in the normal, but when the question arises in
the abnormal, we have a far more serious question to deal with.
I have to report fifteen deaths as follows
:
Five died from tuberculosis (pulmonary,) one fi'om tubercu-losis
peritnitis, one from perpura hemorrhagica, one from co-liis,
threje from epilepsy, two from hyroeephalus, one from cere-britis,
and one accidentally killed.
Respectfully submitted,
A. M. McCuiston, M. D., Medical Director.
4 Eighth Biennial Report
HOSPITAL REPORT
From June 30, 1926 to June 30, 1928.
Number of children admitted to the hospital, 1926-27 1927-28
July
August
September
October
November
Dqcember
January
February
March
] April
May
June
30 18
38 20
42 25
50 30
45 38
52 39
48 40
52 55
15 42
36 29
42 45
50 30
Diagnosis of Hospital Cases.
Typhoid Fever
Arthritis, acute
Colds
Influenza
Broncho-Pneumonia
Influenza-Pneumonia
Tonsillitis
Endoearditis, chronic
Scabies
Otitis Media
Diarrhea
Dysmenorrhea
Eczema
Gonorrhea
Burns first and second degree
Cystitis
Erysipelas -^
Malaria
Epileps3r
Sprains
Wounds-infected
Wounds-lacerated
Croup
Bronchitis
1926-27 1927-28
1
4
72 71
75 42
4 2
3 1
60 32
1
16 15
1 1
60 42
15 2
12
4
14
4 2
5 1
4 7
28 30
15
8 16
9 10
20
18 12
3
O
.a
C5
1
1
Eighth Biennial Report
Pyorrhea
Fractures
Carbuncles
Gastro-enteritis
Rhus-Toxieodendron
Hordeolum
Rhinitis, acute
Chicken Pox
Menorrhagia
Ulcers
Wounds, contused
Abscesses
Boils !
Tuberculosis
Colitis
Pregnancy
Pi'actically every child in the Institution has been given Ty-phoid
Inuoculation.
Two hundred iumates have been given Tuberculin tests.
Number of unrinalyses
Number miscroscopie examinations
Number of Wasserman examinations
Number physical examinations made
Number of deaths
Causes of deaths.
8
4 2
10
12 20
33 12
6
8
2 10
15 3
10 2
10
12 10
10
5
4
1
1916-27 1927-
15 30
6 12
12 18
300 210
9 15
Broncho-Pneumonia 2
Inlluenza-Pneumonia 1
Congenital Defonnity incident to
Hydrocephalus 1 2
Acute Dilitation of the heart (Contribu-tory)
Manaic depre.ssion insanity 1
Acute Dilitation of the heart 2
Endocarditis 1
Accidential 1 1
Tuberculosis (Pulmonary) 5
Tuberculosis Pertonitis 1
Perpura Hemorrhagica 1
Colitis 1
Epilepsy 3
Cerebrifis 1
Eighth Biennial Report
Work done at Eye, Ear, Nose and. Throat Clinic
By Dr. Frank Sabiston
1926-27 1927-28
Examinations made 136 120
Treatments 200
Work done in Dental Department
by Dr. E. T. Koonce.
Cement filling 8 15
Amalgau filling 415 500
Porcelain filling 47 52
Extractions 118 130
Treatments 30 40
Gums treated 30 60
Sealing and polisliing 35 32
\
Respectfully submitted,
Texie L. Bowman,
Head Nurse.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT
APPROPRIATION.
Of The Caswell Training School For The Two Years Ending
June 30, 1927.
EXPENDITURES.
W. 0. Mitcham, Plumbing Contractor $3,983.26
General Equipment Company, Fence.... 3,267.83
Benton and Benton, Architects 2,238.00
W. M. Wiggins and Co., Water Improve. .
.
14,554.42
Kuehn, Englehaaxlt and Thomas, Reservoir. . 8,750.00
T. A. Mitchell, Repairs, to Buildings...... 19,193.68
J. W. W. Thompson, Electrical
Contractor 2-,331.90
W. P. Rose, Contractor 38,741.86
Dermott Heating Company, Heating
Co;ntraictor 5,035.19
ik
Eighth Biennial Repprt
Cincinnati Fly Screen Co., Screens...... 5,343.20
Thompson Electric Company, Electrical
Equipment ." 1,594.38
W. A. Brown and Sons, Refrigeration .... 2,587.00
American Laundry Machinery Co., 4,970.00
W. E. Bailev and Brother, Plumbing- 575.15
Total $113,165.87 $113,165.87
Balance from old Approin'iatjon $ 151.06
Permanent Improvement Appropriation... 69,000.00
Advanced by the Governor and Council of
State to pay old indebtedness 47,74r4:.37
Total Permanent Improvement Appropriation $116,895.43
Unexpended Balance of Appropriation $ 3,729.56
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF MAINTENANCE APPROPRIA-TION
OF THE CASWELL TRAINING SCHOOL
For the year edning, June 30, 1927.
EXPENDITURES
Office and Administration
Executive salaries $ 7,395.71 - "
Clerical salaries 1,816.00
Inspectional salaries 541.50 .
Per diems and fees 472.20
Ofaee supplies 112.07
Telephone and telegraph 379.88
Postage 288.46 •'
Frieght, express, drayage 89.00
Hotel and meals ; 26.25 ,
Railroad and other fares 629.91
Mileage allowance 101.35
Printing ; stationery, etc., 73.71
Printing; reports, etc., 91.84
Photographing 35.88
Binding 20.00
Publication of notices and advert 5.46
Motor vehicles : upkeep 3,22.5.99
Kent ; buildings, etc., 15.33
Rent; equipment 1.50
8 Eighth Biennial Report
Miscellaneous expense 303.31
Casualty insurance 15.05
Premiums ; official bonds 20.00
Offlee equipment and furnishings 56.05
Library supplies 60.10
Library equipment 11.50
TOTAL $ 15,788.05 $15,788.05
Subsistence.
Supervisor's salaries $ 1,618.67
Skilled labor 2,300.03
Unskilled labor 453.83
Diningroom and kitchen equipment 886.43
Meat, fish and foAvl ' 2,869.14
Dairy products and eggs 881.84
Cereal food ijroducts 6,923.27
Vegetables 1,352.2'9
Fruits and nuts 626.63
Saccharine products 1,550.82
Beverages 462.33
Condiments, flavors and pickles 394.25
Fats, oils and misc. provisions 1,586.30
TOTAL $ 21,905.83 .$21,905.83
Housekeeping.
Supervisor 's salaries $ 1,418.50
Skilled labor 1,021.49
Cleaning and household supplies 2,093.37
Sewing- supplies and dry goods 1,921.37
Ice and other refrigeration supplies 783.73
Wearing apparel, puehased 1,998.28
Listitutional furniture and furnishings .... 1,328.41
Bedding and linens ., 1,300.25
Refrigeration equipment 63.37
Electrical equipment 316.08
Shop supplies 142.95
Plumbing equipment 12.80
TOTAL $ 12,400.60 $12,400.60
Laundering.
Supervisor's salaries $ 1,153.25
Laundi-y supplies 1,028.72'
f>:gr.-.^w,TiJW^'!iF^\.'^fvm!'^l- 'y^'^'^''"rTr^y-'?'^
Eighth Biennial Report 9
Oustide launderyiiig and cleaning 78.00
Laundry equipment 133.27
TOTAL $ 2,393.24 $ 2,393.24
Bledical and Surgical care.
Professional and technical salaries $ 2,833.32
Medical and surgical supplies 219.09
Drngs and medicines 956.37
Laboratory supplies and materials 28.92
Medical and surgical equipment 46.01
TOTAL $ 4,083.71 $ 4,083.71
Nursing and Attendance.
Professional and technical salaries $ 1,300.00
Supervisor's salaries 1,482.33
Unskilled labor 8,999.67
TOTAL $ 11,782.00 $ 11,782.00
Light, Eeat, Power and Water.
Skilled labor $ 1,959.60
Unskilled labor 2,333.17
Power and heating plant supplies 689.39
Goal (including frieght) 14,157.89
Light, power and water 180.00
Power and heating plant equipment 1,004.89
TOTAL $ 20,324.94 $ 20,324.94
Care of Biuldings, Grounds and Equipment.
Supervisor's salaries $ 1,000.00
Skilled labor 1,253.00
Unskilled labor 65.33
Botanical and grounds supplies 83.21
Plumbing supplies and materials 268.94
Electrical supplies and materials 434.56
General supplies and materials 2,153.13
Repairs to buildings and structures 997.76
General equipment 464.88
TOTAL $ 6,720.81 $ 6,720.81
Instructional.
Professional and technical salaries $ 5,288.74
10 Eighth Biennial Report
Sewing supplies and dry goods 2.91
Classroom and teachers' supplies 9C.67
Library sujjplies 12.50
Classroom and teachers ' equipment 57.59
TOT;AL $ 5,398.41 $ 5,398.41
Agricultural :
Supervisors' salaries $ 3,076.66
Unskilled labor 5,168.35
Farm and dairy supplies 4,230.72
Forage supplies and animals 11,247.89
Motor vehicles : upkeep 143.08
Farm and dairy equipment 288.05
Livestock' 257.43
TOTAL $ 24,412.18 $ 24.412.18
Recreational.
Recreational supplies $ 1.50
TOTAL $ L50 $ 1.50
TOTAL EXPENDITURES ALL DEPARTMENTS. .. .$125,211.27
Maintenance Appropriation $125,000.00
Receipts 5,747.54
Total appropriation for year .$130,747.54
Unexpended Balance of Apjaropriation $ 5,536.27
Average Daily Population $ 424.00
Per capita' cost per child per j-ear 295.31
Per capita cost per child per day .809
STATEMENT OF FARM AND DAIRY.
For the year ending, June 30, 1927.
2,876 qts. Dewbenies 1,139 lbs. Apples
4,443 lbs. Cucumbers 636 lbs. Lettuce
13,931 lbs. Squash 15,866 ears Corn
1,474 lbs. Okra 12,239 lbs. Tomatoes
8,199 lbs. Cabbage 5,175 lbs. Onions
5,675 lbs. Beets 1,200 lbs. Butter Beans
4,849 lbs. Snap Beans 1,619 Cantaloupes
Eightli Biennial Report 11
1342 lbs. Pepper 237 lbs. Radishes
3,108 Watermelons 2,724 qts. Strawbenies
21 lbs. Grapes 2,935 lbs. Garden Peas
92 lbs. Peaches 1,632 lbs. Spinach
1,602 lbs. Peas 656 qts. Blackberries
400 lbs. Pvunpkins 2,614 bus. Irish Potatoes
16,440 lbs. Turnip Salad 19 lbs. Rhubarb
1,662 lbs. Peanuts 39,690 gals. Milk
2,250 bus. Sweet Potatoes 8,394 lbs. Beef
1,700 gals. Cane Syrup 4,473 doz. Eggs
153 bus. Corn Meal 958 lbs. Broilers
3,927 lbs. Siberian Kale 7151/2 lbs. Hens
5,985 lbs. Collards 80 lbs. Roosters
2,000 lbs. Rutabagas •
• 19.281 lbs. Pork
932 lbs. Leek 1,800 lbs. Mutton.
Total Valuation of Farm and
.39.223.80
FIANACIAL STATEMENT OF PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT
APPROPRIATION OF THE CASWELL TRAINING SCHOOL.
For the year ending, June 30, 1928.
Permanent Improvement Appropriation
for 1927-28 $125,000,000
Allotments Made for 1927-28, Building
ProgTaim 111,708.62 " •
Unalloted Appropriation $ 13,291.38
Expenditures Made from Allotments.
J. E. Beamon Construction Co $56,797.41
Burlington Hardware Co 5,390.56
W. E. Bailey Bro., 1,300.00
W. H. Bond 6,459.14
Thomas D. Grantham 6,350.25
J. W. W. Thompson 1,453.93
Benton and Benton, Architects 4,696.62
Corn Crib 847.41
Addition to Dairy 658.59
Total Expenditures from Allotments $ 83,953.91
Unexpended Balance of Allotments $ 27,754.71
12 Eighth Biennial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF MAINTENANCE APPROPRIA-TION
OF THE CASWELL TRAINING SCHOOL.
For the year ending, June 30, 1928.
EXPENDITURES
Office and Administration:
Personal Service $ 9,879.04
Supplies and Materials 140.20
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 883.81
Travel Expense 171.4.5
Printing, binding 231.26
Motor Vehicles 2,802.47
Reiiairs 2.50
General Expense 123.85
Equipment 931.92
Insurance and bonding 5,36.5.00
TOTAL .$ 20,,531.51 $ 2fl,531.51
Subsistence :
Personal Service $ 5,996.41
Supplies and materials 18,809.68
Equipment $ 1,541.22
TOTAL '.
$ 26,347.30 $ 26,347.30
Hjousekeeping :
Personal Service .$ 1,987.77
Supplies and Materials 9,021.68
Eqiiipmentj 2,251.17
TOTAL .$ 13,260.62 $ 13,260.62
Laundering :
Personal Service $ 1,117.00
Supplies aiid Materials 760.78
General Expense 78.00
Equipment ' 127.45
TOTAL $ 2,083.23 $ 20,083.23
Medical and Surgical Care:
Personal Service $ 3,568.75
Eighth Biennial Report 13
Supplies and Materials 1,450.01
Equipment 76.81
TOTAL $ 5,095.57$ 5,095.57
Nursing and Attendance:
Personal Service $ 11,637.0.3
TOTAL ,....$ 14,637.03 $ 14,637.03
Light, Heat Power and Water:
Personal Service $ 4,264.01
Supplies and Materials 16,146.36
Light, Heat and Water 393.86
Ei|iiipment 870.26
TOTAL $ 21,674.49 $ 21,674.49
Care of Buildings:
Personal Service $ 2,112.21
Supplies and Materials 3,648.77
Repairs 745.34
Equipment 121.44
TOTAL $ 6,627.76
Instructional :
Personal Service $ 7,362.15
Supplies and Materials 462.31
Equipment 8.70
TOTAL $ 7,833.16$ 7,833.16
Agricultural :
Personal Service $ 9,092.80
Supplies and Materials 14,121.67
Motor Vehicles
Equipment • 1,238.17
Repairs 20.23
TOTAL $ 24,472.87 $ 24,472.87
14 Eighth Biennial Report
TOTAL EXPENDITURES ALL DEPARTMENTS. . .$142,563.54
Maintenajice Appropriation $155,000.00
Receipts 5,265.05
Total Appropriation for j'ear $160,265.05
Unexpended Balance of Appropriation $ 17,701.51
Average Daily Population 488.00
Per capita cost per child per year $£"92.13
Per capita cost per child per day .80
STATEMENT OF FARM AND DAIRY
For the year ending, June 30, 1928.
4,446 lbs. Siberian Kale
958 lbs. Collards
1,048 lbs. Leek
558 lbs. Radishes
563 lbs. Lettuce
2,227 qts. Strawberries
213 lbs. Spinach
3,829 lbs. Garden Peas
95 lbs. Carrots
7,104 lbs. Dewberries
1,8941/2 bus. Irish Potatoes
49 lbs. Rhubarb
169 lbs. Honey
23,879 lbs. Pork
75,190 doz. Eggs
1,250 lbs. Fryers
1,260 lbs. Hens
52,129 gals. Milk
305 lbs. Veal
5,600 lbs. Beef
21,136 lbs. Cabbage
7,216 lbs. Cucumbers
1,827 lbs. Beets
9,791 lbs. Squash
2,381 lbs. Okra
1,077 lbs. Apples
2,099 lbs. Onions
12,122 lbs. Tomatoes
12,543 ears Corn
956 lbs. Butter Beans
8,823 lbs. String Beans
549 lbs. Pepper
6,097 Canteloupes
2,776 Watermelons
196 lbs. Grapes
6,044 lbs. Turnip Salad.
1,141 gals. Cane Syrup
2,490 bus. Sweet Potatoes
2,216 lbs. Rutabagas
311 lbs. Pecans
35 bus. Corn Meal
Total Valuation of Farm
and Dairy I*roduets . . . .$44,592.58
Eighth Biennial Report 15
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Report for year ending June 30, 1927.
Male
Gross
Piemale Total Male
Net
s^emale Total
Instructors 1 5 6 1 5 6
Inmates on roll 228 275 503 213 254 467
Inmates under training 186 196 382 174 181 355
Inmates not under
training- 42 79 121 39 73 112
Inmates of low grade
mentality 79 62 141 77 56 133
Inmates of mid grade
mentality 78 122 200 73 120 193
Inmates of high grade
mentality 70 92 162 62 79 141
Pupils in kindergarten 60 61 121 51 59 110
Pupils in elementary
grades . i 44 23 67 37 17 54
Pupils taught music 65 45 110 57 38 95
Pupils taught household
duties 10 134 144 10 130 140
Pupils taught manual
training- 46 96 142 87 87
Pupils taught elementary
agriculture 128 128 116 116
Pupils taught trades 2 7 9 6 6
Specify ta'ades
(a) Carpenter's helper
(b) Dressmaking
2
7
2
7 6 6
Number of books.
Library : Pupils
:
Teachers
280
: 42
Total 322
E. Ernst, Principal.
16 Eighth Biennial Report
EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORT,
FROM
JUNE 30, 1927 to JUNE 30, 1928.
t
The most important change that has taken place in this depart-ment
in the past two years has been in the matter of re-classifl-eation
of pupils so as to place all our young morons of school age
in entirely seperate groups and wards from the idiots and imbe-ciles.
This re-elassifieation was made possible on the boys' side
last year after the building's Avere reconstructed, and on the girls'
side during the first term of the present school year. As a re-sult
of these changes, the handling and training of this import-ant
group of pupils can now be carried on much more effectively
than heretofore. Correct classification and grading of pupils in
the buildings as well as in the various classes and work assign-ments
form a sure foundation for efficient training and happiness.
We have now one hundred and fifty-four morons, two hundred
and ten imbeciles and one hundred and thirty-three idiots in the
Institution. This shows a steady increase in the number of high-er
grade pupils during the past biennial period, our present numb-ers
shoAving a net increase of only thirteen idiots as against
twenty-nine imbeciles and forty-four morons since June 1926.
Of the four hundred and ninety-seven at present in the Institu-tion,
four hundred and one pupils are now receiving some regu-lar
type of daily instruction and training, as against two hun-dred
and thirty-seven pupils under training in June 30, 1926.
Owing to the lack of building facilities, we have not been able
to carry oat the training of the idiot and imbecile groups quite
as fully as had been planned. However, some very worthwhile
work in physical education and sense training has been accom-jjlished
with both idiots and imbeciles during the past two years.
During the school year, 1926-1927', in addition to a group of
flfty-six imbecile girls who have not been under training for two
years, a group of thirty-two idiot boys was given simple instruc-tion
in physical education, and this year a group of twenty-three
idiot girls advanced sufficiently in their training to be able to take
part in the general Field Day Exercise last month. This marks
a new milestone in the progress of training within our Institution.
As a further result of the fine Avork in physical education and
sense training which has been accomplished Avith these groups, a
group of thirty Ioav grade imbecile girls in now being instruct-ed
in simiDle kitchen and household tasks such as preparation of
vegetables, setting of tables, dishAvashing, etc., and with the open-
CIS
Eighth Biennial Report 17
ing of our ne-sv building in the fall, we expect to begin regular craft
classes for both imbeciles :iud idio: pupils. Thus it will be seen that
physical education and sense training form the essential basis
upon which all other types of training may be successfully built.
The w-ork in the regular school classes for such pupils of moron
and borderline intelligence has progressed steadily throughout the
last biennial period. There are not eighty of these pupils in the
elementary grades and forty-eight in the kindergarten, making a
total of one hundred and twenty-eight puplis receiving regular ac-ademic
training from kindergarten through V grade, an increase
of fifty-three pupils in these classes since June 1926. We endeav-er
in the main to have pupils reach the level of achievement in
reading, writing, spelling, practical English and arithmetic that
is indicated by their mental ages. It was, therefore, a source of
much satisfaction to us to note the comparativeh' high achieve-ment
quotients of the majority' of our pupils as shown in the
Stanford Achievement Tests in reading, spelling, history, geogi'a-jphy,
language, usage and arithmetic, which were given by Mr.
J. H. MeFadden of the Department of Phychology, University of
Xorth Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina in June 1927. The
majority of our pupils also showed a distinct gain in the grades
reached by them when Mr. MeFadden again gave the same tests
in June 1928. These tests are the same that have been widely used
throughout the public schools of North Carolina and other states to
measure the school achievements of normal pupils. Our results
show that our pupils having received regular instruction in their
school classes here, are as well advanced as other boys and girls
of the same mental age in the piibUc schools of the State.
As a result of their training in our arts and crafts classes, our
pupils carried away twenty-two first prizes and thirteen second
prizes in competition with normal children and adults at the Ten
County Fair held in Kinston, North Carolina, in October, 1927.
Between seventy and eighty girls are receiving regular instruction
in the art and crafts classes at the present time. This number
will be almost doubled when the new craft classes for imbeciles
and idiots open in the fall.
Unfortunately our boys ' Manual Training Classes had to be
discounted during the past two years as we had no instnictor nor
suitable building in which to hold the classes.
The school furniture repaired and painted by the boys' class of
two years ago is still in constant use; so also are the cupboards
and sets of books and other kindergarten materials they made. I
would like to see an elementary general shop course started under
a trained instructor, where, in addition to the regular wood-work,
18 Eighth Biennial Report
the boys would be taught repairing of door locks, window fittings,
faucets, lamp and heater cords, furniture, broken tool handles,
etc., resetting of window panes, half-soling and heeling shoes,
mending kitchen utensils, staining, varnishing a.nd painting. We
have a group of twenty-five to thirty boys of moron intelligence
who could make an excellent showing on such a course if it were
well-planned, carefully graded and thoroughly taught. Both the
boys and the Institution could profit much from such or similar
courses.
On May 10, 1927, we held our first Annual Field Day, over three
hundred and fifty pupils taking part in the events which inculded
jumping, vaulting, fifty and seventj'-five yard dash, ball game etc.
for the high grade pupils and group contests for the middle grades.
One lad, ages fifteen, made a record running broad juraj, of fourteen
feet. Our second Field Day, held May 1928 v. as especially notable in
that the "wanning pupils in the various events succeeded in break-ing
more than half the records established the previous year.
Also, the pupils taking part this year showed a range of intel-ligence
quotients from fifteen to seveny-three.
We are very proud of the fifteen boys and twelve girls (includ-ing
five borderliners, nineteen moi-ons and three high grade imbe-ciles)
who have passed the First Athletic Badge Tests in "' climbing,
running, jumping and throAAang" for noi-mal boys and girls, as set
by the Playground and Recreation Association of America, and
have been awarded the small bronze medal given by the Associa-tion
to all boys and girls who pass these tests. All are anxious
to work for the second tests next year.
Our musical programs during the past two years have excelled
all jjrevious work in this direction. In addition to the regular
programs at Christmas, Easter, etc., two special concerts were
given, one before the Kinston Kiwanis Club and the other in the
Grainger High School Auditorium at Kinston, North Carolina.
Both performances were highly praised by the audience. Another
noteworthy program wa>s the "All-Around Minstrel" given at the
close of the present school year, and which called forth the remark
from an out-of-town guest; "I was really entertained.'' Exactly!
It has been proved over and over again that a group of moron
and borderline pupils with even some hig-h grade imbeciles includ-ed
in the cast, will create a stage impression of being entirely nor-mal
pupils, and can render a performance that would delight any
audience. The success of such a program depends larg-ely upon
the choice of suitable, attractive material, careful training and
right leadership. We would feel highly honored if some time our
Eighth Biennial Report 19
twenty to tweiitj'-tive minute prog-rams given bj' our pupils.
We have just "published" (i.e. typed) the first number of our
school newspaper, ''The Caswell Hilltop,"" and plan to have is-sues
next year. We hope by this means to keep our boys and
girls encouraged and to obtain closes co-ordination of the various
training activities of the Institution.
There are now over three hundred books in our pupils library
which is constantly in use, and over fifty books in the teachers'
library. During the past year we also obtained free of cost, three
traveling libraries of nearly one hundred books for pupils and
teachers from the State Library Commission at Raleigh, North Ca-rolina
and around twenty volumes from the University Library
at Chapel Hill, Xorth Carolina in connection with the University
Extension course held at the Institution during the winter quarter.
I would like to point out one of our most sei-ious training prob-lems—
that is, the problem of obtaining the right-tyjse of habit-training
for the older boy or girl of borderline mentality. These
comparatively normal adolescents are entirely unsuited to the type
of Institutional eare and discipline essential for pupils of lower
mentality and less initiative, and they are therefore, either a
constant menace to the happiness and contentment of their humbler
companions, or else in grave danger of themselves becoming per-manently
institutionalized. In aJl such eases, if outside adjust-ment
is at all possible we would like to see them paroled as soon
as possible after their essential training here has been completed.
Several such pupils have left the Institution during the past year
and appear to be making good.
Two hundred and five Binet tests have been made by this de-partment
during the past two years. Of these fifty-four were in-mates,
and one hundred and one clinic cases of whom .sixty-three
have since been admitted to the school. In addition one hundred
E.nd ninety-three, Binet tests were made by Mr. J. H. McFadden.
Of these one hundred and forty were pupils being retested, forty-nine
were pupils who had not previously been tested and four
were clinic cases. This makes a total of three hundred and ninety-eight
Binet Tests made at the Institution during the last biennial
period. Our thanks are due to Dr. H. W. Crane, Professor of
Psychology at Chapel Hill, North Carolina and Mr. McFadden for
the valuable services rendered by the latter during his stay with
us last summer and again this June.
Our thank;; are also due to Mrs. N. Buehner of Asheville and
the Baraca-Philathea classes of North Caroina for the splendid
Christmas gifts they annually provide for our children and also
for help in providing further schooling elsewhere for one of our
20 Eighth Biennial Report
pupils who wns found to be normal.
In closing, I wish to express my deep personal appreciation of
the sjmapathetic direction, helpful advice and encouragement giv-en
to the work of the School Dejjartment by Dr. Dixon and the
helpful co-operation and courtesj' of Mr. Sutton and Dr. McCuis-ton
; also the willing co-operation of the various departments of
the Institution, and last but not least, the loyal support and
faithful work of the members of the teaching staff.
E. Eimest, Principal.