Career choices in North Carolina

              North Carolina . . . A World of Opportunity
I N N O R T H C A R O L I N A CAREERCHOICES
Number 21 Published by the North Carolina State Occupational Information Coordinating Committee 2004-2005
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Career Management
Career Management Steps .............................. 3
Self-Assessment.............................................. 4
Career Exploration
Work-Based Learning/Volunteering................. 6
The Cost of Working ...................................... 7
Trends ............................................................ 17
Career Briefs & Profiles .................................. 8-28
Education, Training & Financial Aid
Training Choices & Financial Aid..................... 29
N.C. Colleges & Schools ................................ 30-31
Job Search Strategies
Resumes & Cover Letters ............................... 32-33
Job Seeking .................................................... 34
Interviews & Applications ............................... 35
Job Keeping Skills/Contest.............................. 36
Most of us would agree that change is one
of life’s constants. Another constant over
the last 21 years has been Career Choices
in N.C. This State Occupational
Information Coordinating Committee
publication continues to help North
Carolinians make wise career decisions. It
provides information on how personal
characteristics connect with job and life
choices, and what actions need to be taken
to achieve career goals.
Whether you are a young person deciding
what kind of education you need, an adult
faced with job change, or a retiree looking for new work options, you will find
information here to make educated decisions. This publication contains a wealth
of resources, from your neighbors to the Internet.
Life is full of change, challenges and choices. Let Career Choices equip you
to seize the opportunities that change brings.
With kindest regards, I remain
Very truly yours,
470,000 copies of this tabloid were printed at 10 cents per copy. Printed on recycled paper.
Career Choices In North Carolina
is an annual publication of the North Carolina State Occupational Information Coordinating
Committee (NC SOICC). The mission of this interagency committee is to develop and provide
career information and career development products and services. Visit the SOICC web site
at www.ncsoicc.org.
Tabloid Production, Edition 21
Editing and Layout Patricia Edwards Shaver, Information &
Communication Specialist
SOICC Staff Judy Woodson Bruhn, Executive Director
Tammy Freeman, Project Coordinator
Jan Hastings, Career Information Specialist
Vanny Conti, Administrative Assistant
User’s Guides Barbara Efird, Career Counselor
Barbara Wiggins, Career Development Coordinator
CAREER CHOICES
Table Of Contents
NC SOICC Member Agencies
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Community College System
www.ncccs.cc.nc.us /
919-733-7051
Department of Commerce
www.nccommerce.com /
919-733-7651
Department of Correction
www.doc.state.nc.us /
919-716-3700
Department of Labor Apprenticeship and
Training Bureau
www.nclabor.com/services_app.htm/
919-733-7533
Department of Juvenile Justice &
Delinquency Prevention
www.juvjus.state.nc.us /
919-733-3388
Division of Employment and Training
www.ncdet.com /
919-661-6010
Department of Public Instruction
www.dpi.state.nc.us /
919-807-3300
Employment Security Commission
www.ncesc.com /
919-733-3866
Division of Vocational Rehabilitation
Services
dvr.dhhs.state.nc.us /
919-733-3364, TDD 919-733-3364
Division of Services for the Blind
www.dhhs.state.nc.us/dsb /
919-733-9700
University of North Carolina
www.northcarolina.edu /
919-962-1000
A Word From the Governor
Michael F. Easley
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Career management is planning for a lifetime of change in the workforce and also changes in the workers themselves. Career
management requires learning how to adjust, resolve and seize the challenges and opportunities that await each of us in our
dynamic and changing global workplace. Managing our careers involves managing our lives, taking risks, learning new
skills and adapting to new work environments, occupational demands and technological advances.
Interests
Aptitude
Personality
Values
Outlook
Trends
Education & Training
Cost of Working
Networking
Résumés
Interviewing
Applications
It is time to equip yourself with career management skills
that will allow you to make numerous career choices
throughout your lifetime. You will need to learn ways to
cope with ongoing change while finding work you enjoy
that provides you with monetary and personal satisfac-tion.
The cornerstones of career management are the
following “High Five” principles from The Real Games
SeriesTM:
• Know yourself, believe in yourself and
follow your heart.
• Focus on the journey, not the destination.
• Be a good traveler.
• Access your allies and be a good ally. You
are not alone.
• Change is constant and brings with it new
opportunities.
• Learning is life-long. Learning opens the
doors to future opportunities.
The steps to take to manage your career are:
1. Knowing Yourself - what makes you unique and
what do you have to offer a business, organization,
agency or society?
• What do you like to do?
• What skills do you have or wish to develop?
• What is important for you to accomplish in your career
and lifetime?
• What in your personal style, temperament, or character-istics
may determine a good fit for you?
The key to self-discovery is learning how to build and
maintain a positive self-image. This includes learning how
to interact positively and effectively with others and
looking for ways to change, grow, and develop through-out
your life.
2. Exploring Careers - what occupational pathways
are available at this time or are projected to have a high
demand in the future? Investigate all the possible
occupations by:
• Attending career fairs at your school or in your
community;
• Ask everyone what they do, then ask yourself if that
work is of interest to you;
• Research occupations on the Internet, in career
centers, and libraries. See what the outlook is for
occupations. Notice the trends and what training is
needed to enter the field.
Career Exploration encompasses understanding the
relationship between work and society. Good career
explorers know how to research, locate, and use career
information to make good career decisions throughout
their lives.
3. Job Search - apply to training programs and
educational settings required for the occupations of your
choosing and begin your job search strategy. Job search
skills include:
• Networking to learn where opportunities are
available.
• Writing effective resumes and cover letters that get
results.
• Accurately completing job applications.
• Interviewing with confidence and determination.
Job search strategies involve learning how to find work
and finding the education needed to be considered for
specific occupations. Today’s and tomorrow’s workers
need to participate in life long learning to continue to be
employed. Sometimes workers even find that periods of
unemployment provide time to update their job-seeking
skills and to seek additional education.
Contributed by Barbara Efird, NCCC
Adopted from The Real Game Series TM by William Barry.
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Contributed by Barbara Efird, NCCC
SELF-ASSESSMENT
Self-discovery is the on-going process of analyzing who you are. Ask yourself these questions:
People, Data, Things and Ideas
Occupations are often arranged by the type of work tasks that are associated with similar occupations. Like
the Holland types, most occupations often deal with more than one type or task. However, you can classify
occupations by workers’ primary responsibilities, and then determine their second and third most important
work tasks.
Another method of classifying occupations is to look at whether workers in a particular occupation deal
primarily with people, data, things or ideas.
It is important to know that people and careers often fall into more than one category. You are probably
suited for two or three of the categories. Use the Holland system to expand your options and look for
related occupations in the Career Briefs section.
Working for the betterment of others and/or
society. This includes teachers, social work-ers,
child-care workers and law enforcement
People agents.
Data
Working with numbers, information pro-cessing,
policies and procedures. This in-cludes
accountants, computer scientists and
customer service representatives.
Things
Ideas
Working with concepts, themes or inven-tions.
This includes musicians, writers, com-posers,
artists, photographers and other
artistic careers.
Working with tools, equipment and ma-chines.
This includes chefs, hair stylists,
carpenters and heavy equipment operators.
Your Holland Code
You may also want to discover your Holland Code
The Holland Code was developed by Dr. John
Holland and is widely used by career counselors
and individuals. The theory explores six distinct
personality types and six distinct work environ-ments
that relate to those personality types. Read
the descriptions on the next page and see which
types describe you the best.
Choose which personality type defines you the
best. Then, choose which would be second most
like you and then third. Take the first letter of each
category — R, I, A, S, E, C — to form your
Holland Code. Write the letters in the spaces
below:
You can now start exploring careers that have the
same or similar codes. Look at careers that contain
the same letters as your Holland Code, even if they
are in a different order than yours. In the Career
Briefs section of Career Choices (pp. 8-28), there
is a column labeled “HC.” Look in this column to
see what occupations match your Holland Code.
1. Who am I and what do I love to do? Can these interests be found in occupations?
2. What are my special talents and skills? What abilities do I have and which ones seem easily attainable
when I try to learn them?
3. What types of work environments appeal to me? Do I prefer to work outdoors, indoors, with a
team, or independently?
4. What motivates me? What is it inside of me that is the reason and purpose of my career and my life
roles?
5. Where do I fit in this world? What types of products and/or services do people need that also
match with who I am?
Assessing your personality and personal qualities will help you know which occupations will challenge
you to grow and develop and create new possibilities for you in the future.
The following tools can help you discover more about yourself. The “people, data, things, ideas method”
classifies occupations by various work tasks that are similar to each other.
Realistic
(Things)
Conventional
(Data)
Enterprising
(Data & People)
Social
(People)
Artistic
(Ideas)
Investigative
(Data & Ideas)
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* See a profile in the Career Briefs & Profiles section, pages 17-19 and 36
SELF-ASSESSMENT
Realistic (R)
Realistic Careers
Cook Emergency Medical Tech.
Firefighter Building Inspector
Roofer Machinist
Automobile Mechanic Heavy Truck Driver
Carpenter Paramedic
Investigative (I)
Investigative Careers
Audiologist Chemist
Computer Programmer Architect
Physician Geoscientist
Physician’s Asst. Veterinarian
Pharmacist Industrial Manager*
Investigative People like to explore ideas and analyze
data. They have skills in math and science. Inquisitive,
precise and sometimes abstract thinking are some
characteristics of their personality. They usually like
working with data and ideas in occupational fields
such as medicine, computer programming and science
technologies.
Do you like math and science classes?
Do you like to solve technical problems?
Do you have an interest in medicine?
Are you competent with computer
applications or programming?
Are you inquisitive and curious by nature?
Artistic (A)
Artistic Careers
Commercial Artist Musician
Reporter Book Editor
Singer Floral Designer
Graphic Designer Author
Actor Animator
Artistic People like to create, sing, dance, or write
and prefer an unstructured work environment. They
have skills in music, art, and/or communication. They
value aesthetic qualities and are more likely to relate
by indirect means through their medium. They like
working with ideas in occupations such as
musician, designer, or architect.
Do you like music, drama or art classes?
Do you like writing stories or poems?
Can you play a musical instrument?
Are you a talented actor?
Are you a creative person?
Social (S)
Social Careers
Nursing Aide Counselor
Coach Aerobics Instructor
Physical Therapist Police Officer*
Teacher* Religious Education
Director*
Social People enjoy helping others and the commu-nity.
They have skills in teaching, counseling and
getting along with others, and are sensitive to others’
needs. They are cheerful, scholarly, and verbally
oriented. They like working with people in occupa-tions
such as teacher, religous education director, or
police officer.
Do you like to teach children or adults?
Do you like to help others solve problems?
Do you like to care for sick people?
Are you interested in community service?
Are you an understanding and sympathetic
person?
Enterprising (E)
Enterprising People like to persuade and influence
others in areas of business or politics. They perceive
themselves as popular, self-confident and social. They
are skilled in public speaking and leadership. Enterpris-ing
types like working with people and data in
occupations like dispatcher, interpreter/translator, or
attorney.
Do you like competitive events or challenges?
Do you like to influence others?
Do you have the ability to sell products or
services?
Do you motivate others?
Are you results oriented?
Enterprising Careers
Travel Agent Farm Manager
Real Estate Sales Agent Financial Manager
Sales Manager Lawyer
911 Dispatcher Construction Manager
Interpreter/Translator* Cosmetologist
Conventional People like an organized and detail-oriented
work place. They are often skilled in finance,
mathematics, and keyboarding, and see themselves as
conforming, organized and practical. They like working
with data in occupations such as accountant, bank
teller, computer support specialist or administrative
assistant.
Do you like working with numbers or data?
Do you like word processing or data input?
Are you accurate with numbers, data and
information?
Do you like to reconcile bank statements?
Do you have the ability to handle details?
Conventional Careers
Accountant Administrative Assistant
Customer Support* Legal Secretary
Insurance Underwriter Computer Support
Bank Teller Library Technician
Medical Records Tech. Office Clerk
Conventional (C)
Realistic People like to work with machines, and
often with their hands to build things. Their skills
include having mechanical know-how and/or stamina
to work outdoors, and the ability to operate machinery.
They are often practical, love nature and are good
problem solvers. They like working with things and
tools in occupations such as carpenter, air traffic
controller, paramedic or cook.
Do you like to work outdoors?
Do you like to work on machinery/
equipment?
Do you have mechanical abilities?
Are you skilled in carpentry or building
things?
Are you considered a practical person?
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Now that you have identified occupations that may fit your characteristics and abilities, it’s time to explore the possibilities.
Gather information about many occupations. Compare your interests, skills, personality and values with those in occupations
that interest you. Consider work-based learning or volunteering to gain some knowledge about your top career options.
Getting experience, while exploring career options,
will give you a head start on your future career. Take
advantage of opportunities to “try out” a career
through work-based learning programs, summer or
part-time jobs or as a community volunteer. Your
current school or college will offer some or all of the
programs below. You will find others by checking
the Internet and community businesses and
organizations.
Explore and Get Valuable Experience Through Work-Based Learning
• Job Shadowing programs usually involve
going to work for one or several days with
someone whose career interests you. You
can observe tasks and skills required for the
job, experience the work environment, and
interact with people who currently work in
your potential career field.
• Internships usually last for a couple of
weeks to several months. You not only
observe individuals in your career field of
interest, but also get a chance to perform
some of the job tasks and duties.
Internships may officially, or unofficially,
incorporate mentoring by an experienced
career professional who can support your
career decisions and goals. Internships can
be paid or unpaid.
• Cooperative Education and School-Based
Enterprises can easily become part of your
high school and/or college program by
integrating academics and vocational curricula
and providing work-related experiences, often
at an employer’s job site.
• Youth Apprenticeship is an employer-school
partnership, which offers high school students
a combination of academic instruction,
structured vocational training and paid work
experience, usually lasting one to two years.
These programs are sponsored by the N. C.
Department of Labor.
• Volunteering is an excellent way to learn
about a career possibility while developing
new skills, or applying existing skills.
Volunteer opportunities are available
everywhere—schools, businesses, hospitals,
government agencies, and community and
non-profit organizations.
Participating in work-based learning opportunities, like
these, will give you the edge when applying for your
first job. Not only will you gain valuable work
experience, but work-based learning also offers a world
of networking opportunities—the best way to meet
potential employers and other people who can provide
job referrals. Get to work and start building your résumé
today!
Discover Your Career Passion By Volunteering
Many people discover their career passion through
hobbies or volunteer work. Here are some places
where you can search for volunteer opportunities.
Enjoy your voyage into the world of self-discovery
by volunteering, so that you will soon be on your
way to doing what you love.
• Network For Good: Statewide opportunities
offered in a variety of areas.
http://www.networkforgood.org
• North Carolina Commission on Volunteerism
and Community Service: Americorp, service
learning, mentoring, North Carolina Promise,
and more. http://www.volunteernc.org
1-800-820-4483
• Peace Corps: Domestic and overseas
opportunities for college students and
graduates. http://www.peacecorps.gov
1-800-424-8580
• Volunteer Match: National and Non-Profit
Organizations, and Virtual Volunteering.
http://www.volunteermatch.org
After attending two years at the University of North
Carolina, Rob Phillips was unsure what occupation he
wanted to pursue. Phillips took some time off from school
until he decided which career path to take. He worked in
various jobs including a retail sales position with a local
music store that he held for ten years.
Since he was a musician at heart, this
was a good fit for Phillips, but something
was still missing.
It was through Phillips’ volunteer role in
the youth ministry at his church that he
discovered his passion.
“My gift is working with young people,”
Phillips said. After making this
discovery, the Director of Youth
Ministries position at White Plains
United Methodist Church (WPUMC) of
Cary became available. Phillips has been
working in this role for six years while attending Pfeiffer
University to earn certification in youth ministry through
the United Methodist Church. This certification is based
on graduate degree level courses combined with pre-vious
work experience. Additionally, Phillips has gained
valuable knowledge by attending national youth worker
conventions and workshop type retreats. Phillips dis-covered
what was successful for other youth directors
and considered these ideas for his ministry. The first
couple of years were very tough for Phillips, but per-severance
and networking for support helped him get to
where he is today.
One must have a “love and patience for
young people,” Phillips explained. When
working with youth, it is important to
understand the mindset of the adole-scent,
especially if a teen seeks
counseling for a problem he or she is
experiencing. It is important that a youth
director not get too emotionally involved.
“You can’t just step in and take their
problems away from them,” Phillips
remarked.
Phillips brought his musical talents to
the ministry and organized a youth worship team
consisting of a six-piece praise band and a team of
singers. Phillips leads the youth in singing as he plays
the guitar, and sometimes he equips the youth to lead.
Behind the scenes, a Director of Youth Minister may
plan curriculum, coordinate activities, screen
volunteers, and meet with staff members. Phillips
stressed the importance of getting along with others
in order to coordinate well. “We coordinate really
well together,” he added.
This teamwork effort gained WPUMC recognition by the
North Carolina Conference of United Methodist
Churches for having an outstanding youth ministry. The
church is one of 400 churches nationwide chosen to
participate in a study based on keeping senior high
school kids involved in youth activities. At WPUMC,
the youth are encouraged and motivated to service by
being actively involved in local and world missions.
Phillips success is linked to his passion for working with
youth. What Phillips loves most about his job is seeing
lives grow and change—from having low self-esteem to
becoming confident leaders. His reward is seeing these
youth succeed and knowing that he made a difference.
For those who may be interested in his, or any
occupation, Phillips advised, “Work with something that
you have a passion for, and believe in, and love. To be
happy in life you need to enjoy what you are doing, and
know that you are making a difference.”
By Patricia Edwards Shaver
Volunteer = Career Opportunity
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The Cost of Living
One thing to remember when job hunting is that the cost
of living, which determines how much buying power your
salary has, can vary widely across the state, and across
the country.
For example, if you want to rent a two-bedroom, unfur-nished
apartment in Raleigh, it will cost you about $785.00
a month. That same apartment in Fayetteville will cost
$625.00 — a $160.00 difference. The chart to the right
compares costs of other common items in different areas
of N.C. and other parts of the country.
Learn More to Earn More
The fastest-growing and highest-paying jobs usually require some kind of post-secondary
education or skills training for entry, and additional training throughout your
career. Recent trends also suggest a connection between your level of education and
your earning power.
Even so, pay can vary widely between and within occupations. (The chart below shows
the median salary you can expect to earn based on your education and gender.) The key
is to decide what you want to do, and then get the education or training that will best
prepare you for that type of work. Proper planning makes reaching your goals much
easier.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey 2003
“Budget” Is Not a Four-Letter Word
What can you afford to spend on an apartment? Can you afford to buy a new car? How can
you save enough money to go to the beach next summer? The simplest way to find out is
to make — and stick to — a budget.
A budget is a money plan. With it, you can organize and control your finances, plan for fu-ture
expenses, or determine how much rent you can afford to pay each month.
Figure out what your yearly essential financial needs are and divide that number by 12. Next,
set up a bank account. If you have money left over at the end of the month, try to put most
of the remainder into your account — you may need it next month. You’ll also need an
emergency fund to cover the unexpected costs that will inevitably come your way.
A successful budget will include categories that reflect the way you spend money. Think
about your spending habits (buying a cup of coffee every day) to identify expense
categories. The idea is to become more aware of where your money goes so you can make
conscious decisions about spending.
The sample budget below is typical of a recent college graduate, earning $26,400 per year,
and sharing an apartment with a roommate to save money.
Sample Monthly Budget
Source: ACCRA Cost of Living Index, 1st Quarter 2003
Whether you make thousands or millions of dollars a year, you need to know how to manage your finances. Fight the tend-ency
for your eyes to glaze over when you hear the word “budget.” Stop thinking you’re too smart/artistic/sensitive/stupid to
worry about or understand money management — it’s an important skill that everyone has to learn.
I. Gross Monthly Income $2,200
II. Payroll Deductions
Taxes (Federal, State, Social Security) - $440
Retirement Plan (6%) - $132
Other (medical, etc.) - $42
Total Deductions - $614
III. Monthly Take-Home Pay (Net) $1,586
IV. Expenses
Housing (rent or mortgage) - $320
Food (groceries & eating out) - $200
Utilities (electricity, gas, cable, etc.) - $125
Clothing - $ 80
Transportation (car payment, gas, etc.) - $300
Savings (at least 5%) - $110
Debt repayment (credit card, school loan, etc.) - $200
Misc. (insurance, entertainment, etc.) - $200
Total Expenses - $1,535
Asheville Charlotte Fayetteville Raleigh Wilmington Atlanta New York
Apartment Rent $775 $695 $625 $785 $652 $724 $3,520
House Price $281,336 $217,560 $214,000 $221,434 $272,180 $235,723 $947,000
Pizza $9.38 $9.59 $8.89 $9.87 $10.39 $10.95 $10.90
Hamburger $2.19 $2.29 $2.15 $2.21 $2.24 $2.40 $3.06
Movie Ticket $7.44 $7.25 $7.24 $7.25 $7.00 $8.10 $10.05
2-Liter Coke $1.16 $1.18 $1.39 $1.41 $1.24 $.99 $1.32
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$0
$18,632
$12,217
$30,487
$20,254
$40,056
$26,474
$51,351
$34,232
$61,439
$42,301
Male
Female
Less Than 4
Years High
School
High
School
Graduate
2-Year
Assoc.
Degree
Bachelor’s/
4 Years
College
Master’s
Degree
8
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Management Occupations
This cluster includes top-level managers and middle managers. Top-level managers are concerned with policy making, planning, staffing, directing and/or controlling activities that
are common to many organizations. Middle managers plan, organize, staff or direct activities at an operational level. People in these occupations usually have interests and skills
in “people” and “data.” Many have leadership qualities and possess a high degree of creative thinking, decision making and problem solving abilities.
This section outlines 229 occupations — a sample of
those available in N.C. — to help you learn what educa-tion
and experience is required for success. The informa-tion
listed below is included for each occupation.
Occupation — Titles and clusters are from the federal
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system.
Definitions are derived from SOC and O*Net systems.
Holland Code (HC) — Holland personality types (3-letter
codes) corresponding to work environments.
Work Description — The nature of the duties performed
in the occupation.
Education Suggested — The level of education sug-gested
to enter and perform the job effectively.
Codes Used:
• HS or GED – High school diploma or general
education diploma
• HS Voc. Ed. – Vocational training in high school
• OJT – On-the-job training
• Apprent. – Apprenticeship training
• Trade – Private trade or business school, hospitals
• CC – Less than one year program in community
college, including continuing education
• 1 yr. CC – One year program in community college
• 2 yr. CC – Two-year program in community college
• Bach. – Bachelor’s degree from four year college
• Master’s – Master’s degree
• Ph.D. – Doctorate degree, plus some medical
degrees and specialities
Licensed Occupations — Occupations for which a
license, certification, or registration is required to practice
in North Carolina. Codes Used: L, C, R
Where — This refers to the industries or types of
employers who are the principle hiring source for the
occupation in North Carolina.
Salary — The first (top) salary number (followed by e)
represents the average entry wage, when available.
The second salary number represents the average rate of
pay for the majority of employees in their occupation.
Wage data has been annualized from Employment
Security Commission source (hourly wage) data. Aver-ages,
therefore, may be high or low if occupation requires
more or less than 40 hours a week.
The actual pay for a specific job may vary between
geographic areas, the qualifications of the person
holding the job and the pay scale of the employer.
Outlook — This gives the projected rate of increase for
each occupation based on North Carolina labor market
information. It is an indicator of projected growth rather
than projected openings.
CAREER BRIEFS / PROFILES
Index
Career Page Career Page
Management Occupations ........................................................................ 8
Business & Financial Occupations ........................................................... 9
Computer & Mathematical Occupations ................................................... 10
Architecture & Engineering Occupations ................................................. 11
Life, Physical & Social Science Occupations ............................................ 12
Community, Social Service & Legal Occupations ..................................... 12
Education, Training & Library Occupations ............................................. 13
Art, Design, Entertainment, Sports & Media Occupations ....................... 14
Health Care Practitioners & Technical Occupations ................................. 15
Health Care Support Options .................................................................... 16
Career Profiles .......................................................................................... 18-19
Service Occupations ................................................................................ 20
Sales & Marketing Occupations .............................................................. 22
Office & Administrative Support Occupations ........................................ 23
Farming, Fishing & Forestry Occupations ............................................... 24
Construction & Extraction Occupations .................................................. 25
Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Occupations ................................... 26
Production Occupations .......................................................................... 27
Transportation & Material Moving Occupations .................................... 28
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Administrative Services
Managers
ESR Plan, direct or coordinate supportive services, e.g. record
keeping, mail distribution, reception.
OJT
2 yr. CC
Educational services; religious organizations; man-agement
& public relations firms; local government;
hospitals; personnel services; wholesale companies
selling machinery, equipment & supplies; nursing, res-idential
care facilities; commercial sports; textile mill
products; electronic & electrical equipment
manufactureres
$27,880e
$52,840
Above
Average
Advertising and
Promotions Managers
ESA Plan and direct advertising programs and activities or
produce materials to create customer interest, e.g. posters,
contests.
Bach. Printing, publishing and communication companies;
advertising agencies; wholesale companies selling
machinery, equipment & supplies; chemicals, furniture
and fixtures companies; real estate; family services
$31,140e
$60,090
Above
Average
Computer and
Information Systems
Managers
IER Plan and direct electronic information services and activities,
e.g. system analysis, computer programming, data
processing.
Bach.
Master's
Computer & data processing services; chemical
products; industrial machinery, electronic, electrical
equipment products; banks; educational services;
management, research & testing firms; hospitals;
government agencies
$54,000e
$87,990
Above
Average
Codes Used:
• Above Average – There is above average growth in
that occupation (more than 2.1 percent per year)
• Average – There is average growth in that
occupation (1 percent to 2.1 percent per year)
• Below Average – There is growth, but rate of
growth is below average in that occupation (less
than one percent per year).
9
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○C○ ○ ○ ○A○ ○R○ ○ ○E○ ○E○ ○ ○R○ ○ ○ ○B○○ ○ ○R○ ○ ○I○E○ ○F○ ○S○ ○ ○ ○ ○/○ ○ ○ ○P○ ○ ○R○ ○ ○O○ ○ ○F○ ○I○L○ ○E○ ○S○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Construction Managers ERS Work with on-site supervisors to plan and direct
construction activities; study plans and estimate materials,
labor and equipment required.
Apprent.
2 Yr. CC
Bach.
Building contractors, residential, non-residential, and
heavy construction; special trades; plumbing, heating,
air-conditioning; electrical work; highway construction;
management & public relations firms; masonry, stone-work,
carpentry, flooring, other construction projects
$35,150e
$56,320
Average
Education
Administrators,
Elementary and
Secondary
ESA Plan and coordinate activities and programs at elementary,
middle and high schools.
Master's
Ph.D
Schools and local & state school systems; government
agencies
$45,170e
$63,000
Above
Average
Financial Managers ESR Run financial programs or organizations; counsel individuals
or companies on how to use their money.
Bach.
Master's
Banks; mortgage bankers; wholesale companies selling
auto parts, lumber machinery, equipment & supplies;
computer & data processing firms; local government;
management & public relations firms; educational and
business services
$44,180e
$77,660
Above
Average
Food Service
Managers
ESR Plan, organize and direct the operation of businesses that
serve food and beverages.
OJT
Apprent.
2 Yr. CC
Bach
Eating and drinking places; educational services; hotels
and motels; government agencies; nursing, residential
care, recreational facilities; hospitals; religious
organizations
$23,820e
$35,960
Above
Average
Marketing Managers ESA Determine customers' interest in firm's products or services;
develop selling and pricing plans.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Master's
Electronic, electric and industrial machinery equipment
manufacturers; chemical companies; computer
companies; banks and business services; management
& public relations firms; wholesalers; textile, apparel
and furniture manufacturers
$49,720e
$91,020
Above
Average
Medical and Health
Service Managers
SEC Plan, organize and coordinate the delivery of health care.
Responsible for facilities, services, programs, staff and
budgets.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Master's
L Hospitals; nursing and personal, home health care
facilities; government and social services; medical,
dental, allied health offices & labs
$43,220e
$68,390
Above
Average
Property and Real
Estate Managers
ESR Control the buying, selling or leasing of real estate; manage
apartments, condominiums and community associations.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Real estate and leasing agencies or operators;
developers; residential building contractors; banks;
religious organizations
$25,370e
$47,500
Above
Average
Public Relations
Managers
ESA Develop and direct programs for promoting the sale of a
firm's products or services and for creating a favorable
public impression.
Bach. Religious and educational services; recreation and local
government agencies; hospitals; social services;
computer companies; banks; management & public
relations firms
$34,230e
$60,990
Above
Average
Sales Managers ESA Direct and coordinate the distribution and sale of products
or services to customers.
Bach. Wholesale and retail companies selling cars, auto parts
& service and industrial machinery, electronic,
electrical equipment; textile, rubber & plastics
manufacturers; hotels & motels; computer companies;
communication and printing companies; business
services
$40,140e
$75,900
Above
Average
Social and Community
Service Managers
ESA Organize, coordinate and oversee programs and activities of
a social services or community service organization.
Bach. Religious, civic & social organizations; local and state
government; nursing, residential care; social, family
services; hospitals
$29,040e
$45,110
Above
Average
Transportation, Storage
and Distribution
Managers
ESR Plan and direct daily activities of organizations which
transport, store or distribute materials.
OJT
Apprent.
2 Yr. CC
Bach
Trucking & warehousing, transport services; wholesale
companies selling machinery, equipment & supplies,
groceries, apparel, paper products; government
agencies; chemical, rubber products; furniture
companies
$36,480e
$61,090
Above
Average
Business & Financial Occupations
This cluster includes occupations primarily pertaining to planning, organizing and controlling specialized operational functions. People in these occupations generally have interests
and skills in “data” and “people.” They usually have good analytical, problem-solving and/or good interpersonal skills. Their work may include examining, analyzing reviewing,
purchasing, enforcing and/or personnel responsibilities.
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Accountants and
Auditors
CES Study financial records, give advice on money matters and
prepare financial statements; may examine clients' records
to see if they are properly kept and reported.
2 Yr. CC
Bach.
Master's
C Accounting and auditing firms; government agencies;
wholesale companies; educational services; industrial
machinery, equipment manufacturers; hotels & motels;
banks; management, personnel supply, computer
companies; textile product manufacturers
$31,130e
$49,220
Average
Claims Adjusters,
Examiners, and
Investigators
ESR Review customer claims against company to see if
payments have been properly made.
Bach. L Insurance agents, brokers & companies; computer
companies; government, business and health services
$28,330e
$42,490
Average
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Compliance Officers
and Inspectors
ERS Inspect and enforce regulations and procedures on matters
of health, safety, food, immigration, licensing, or interstate
commerce.
Apprent.
Bach.
CC
C Government agencies; chemical companies; utilities &
sanitary services; US Postal Service; insurance, health
and banking related services
$28,880e
$43,330
Average
Cost Estimators RCE Prepare cost estimates to help management bid on or
determine the price of a new product or service.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
1 Yr. CC
Plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, roofing, electrical
contractors; building and trade contractors; heavy
construction companies; printing & publishing com-panies;
fabricated metals products
$30,930e
$47,070
Average
Employment,
Recruitment and
Placement Specialists
SEC Recruit, select and place workers in jobs. 2 Yr. CC
Bach.
Personnel supply services; computer companies; gov-ernment
services; hospitals; banks and management
services; eating and drinking places;
$27,400e
$42,860
Average
Financial Analysts CIE Conduct statistical analyses of information affecting the
investment programs of institutions and private individuals.
Bach. Security and commodity brokers and services; banks
and non-depository institutions; insurance services
$34,990e
$66,990
Above
Average
Loan Officers SEC Evaluate the credit of an individual or business applying for
a loan; authorize loans or advise borrowers.
2 Yr. CC
Bach.
R Commercial banks; credit and savings institutions;
mortgage bankers and brokers
$28,240e
$54,340
Average
Management Analysts ESC Analyze business operations, conduct studies, and design
systems and procedures to help management operate
efficiently and effectively.
Bach.
Master's
Management & public relations firms; computer &
data processing firms; government agencies; banks and
business services; medical & health services; wholesale
companies selling electrical goods, groceries, transpor-tation
equipment; engineering services; self-employed
$38,220e
$70,310
Above
Average
Personal Financial
Advisors
SEC Advise customers on financial plans that may involve
knowledge of taxes, investments, insurance and real estate.
Bach. Banks, security brokers, dealers & services; computer
companies; insurance companies and services
$25,960e
$61,250
Above
Average
Purchasing Agents,
except wholesale, retail
and farm
ESC Buy supplies and raw materials for internal use or for further
processing by manufacturing firms.
OJT
2 yr. CC
Bach
Master's
Electronic and industrial machinery equipment com-panies;
government agencies; business and health
services
$28,340e
$43,910
Average
Training and
Development
Specialists
SEC Conduct training and programs to help employees make
effective use of skills and to be satisfied in their jobs.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Master's
Banks; government agencies; computer companies;
hospitals; textile products; merchandise stores;
management, health and business services
$27,200e
$45,610
Average
Computer & Mathematical Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to the application of math and/or computer science in research, development and related activities. People in these occupations generally
have interests in “data” and “ ideas.” They are creative thinkers who apply mathematical principles to solve problems and research new ideas. Their responsibilities require them
to organize, maintain and evaluate information.
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Computer
Programmers
IRE Prepare information and instruction for computer use.
Write programs that store, locate, and retrieve information
to help people with business, engineering and scientific
tasks.
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Computer, data processing firms; industrial machinery
and electronic, electric equipment manufacturers;
educational services; banks; wholesale companies
selling business equipment; research & testing
companies; textile products; hospitals; management,
personnel and business services
$42,010e
$65,930
Average
Computer Software
Engineers
IRE Develop, create and adapt computer applications or system
software for client's use.
Bach.
Masters's
Computer and data processing services; industrial
machinery and electronic, electrical equipment
manufacturers; banks; management and business
services; government agencies
$50,410e
$73,200
Above
Average
Computer Support
Specialists
SCR Provide technical assistance and training to computer users.
Answer questions and solve hardware and software
problems.
Apprent.
Trade
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Computer and data processing services; banks and
business services; educational services; wholesale
trades; management and communication companies;
industrial machinery & equipment manufacturers;
government agencies; hospitals and labs; furniture
companies
$28,860e
$46,810
Above
Average
Computer Systems
Analysts
IRE Plan and develop methods for computerizing scientific,
engineering, and business tasks and improving computer
systems.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
Computer and data processing services; banks;
industrial machinery and electronic, electrical
equipment manufacturers; hospitals; chemical products;
government agencies; building materials; utilities
services; self-employed
$32,020e
$66,980
Above
Average
10
11
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Architecture & Engineering Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to the design and construction of buildings, equipment, highways, roads, utilization of land and processing systems. They often have
interests and skills in “data,” “ideas,” and/or “things.” People in these occupations use technical skills to perform their responsibilities and have high aptitudes in mathematics, cre-ative
thinking and problem solving.
Database
Administrators
IRS Coordinate, test, and make changes to computer data-bases
and code. May plan and coordinate database
development.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Master's
Computer & data processing services; wholesale
companies selling business equipment; communication
and business services; banks; electronic, electrical
equipment manufactures; hospitals; health services
$35,010e
$61,530
Above
Average
Network and
Computer Systems
Administrators
IER Install and support organization's local area network
(LAN), wide area network (WAN) and/or Internet systems.
Maintain network hardware and software.
Trade
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Computer & data processing services; educational
services; wholesale companies selling business
equipment; communication, banks and business
services; government agencies; hospitals; electronic,
electrical equipment manufacturers
$37,850e
$58,780
Above
Average
Network Systems
Analysts
IRE Analyze, design and evaluate network systems and other
data communication systems. May recommend hardware
and software.
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Computer & data processing services; banks;
management, utilities & sanitary services; industrial
machinery & equipment, communication, business
services; hospitals, health services
$40,700e
$61,480
Above
Average
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Architects, except
Landscape
IAE Plan, design and watch over the construction of buildings.
Also plan and design development of parks, airports, and
highways.
Bach.
Master's
R Self-employed; utilities & sanitary services; engineering
& architectural firms; computer & data processing
services
$36,450e
$55,870
Above
Average
Architectural and Civil
Drafters
IRE Prepare working plans and detail drawings for structures,
buildings, highways and public works, according to
specified dimensions.
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Engineering & architectural firms; metal product
manufacturers; wholesale trades; building contractors
$27,800e
$37,780
Average
Biomedical Engineers IRE Design, develop and evaluate biological and health systems
and products.
Bach.
Master's
Hospitals; chemical companies; engineering &
architectural services
$39,810e
$53,430
Above
Average
Chemical Engineers IRE Develop new ways to make chemicals and related
products. They also help design, build, and operate
chemical plant equipment and processes.
Bach.
Master's
R Chemical companies; engineering & architectural ser-vices;
stone, clay, rubber, plastic materials manu-facturers;
management, research and testing services;
electronic, electrical equipment firms; textile mill and
paper products
$53,730e
$71,540
Average
Civil Engineers IRS Plan, design, and supervise the construction of structures
such as buildings, roads, water and sewage systems,
bridges, and dams.
Bach.
Master's
R Engineering & architectural firms; government
agencies; general building and heavy construction
contractors; management & public relations firms
$40,380e
$57,630
Below
Average
Electrical Engineers IRE Design, develop and supervise the manufacture and
installation of electrical equipment, parts or systems.
Bach.
Master's
R Engineering & architectural firms; industrial machinery
and electronic, electrical equipment and instrument
manufacturers; research & testing services; com-munication
companies; utilities & sanitary services;
companies selling machinery, equipment & supplies
$48,820e
$70,370
Average
Electronics Engineers IRE Design, develop, test electronic circuits, parts and systems,
except computers.
Bach.
Master's
R Electronic, electrical equipment and industrial ma-chinery
manufacturers; communication companies;
wholesale companies selling machinery, equipment &
supplies; engineering & architectural firms
$45,790e
$64,800
Average
Electrical, Electronic
Engineering
Technologists &
Technicians
RIE Help engineers and scientist's design, build, test, and install
electrical and electronic equipment.
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Communication; wholesale trades; industrial mach-inery
and electronic, electric equipment companies;
engineering & architectural firms; instrument manufac-turers;
government agencies; research & testing
services; utility companies
$30,600e
$44,070
Average
Environmental
Engineers
IRE Design and plan engineering projects to help prevent or
control hazards to the environment, e.g. waste treatment,
pollution control.
Bach.
Master's
R Engineering & architectural firms; government agen-cies;
management & public relations firms; utilities &
sanitary services; chemical companies; research &
testing services; paper products
$43,170e
$60,250
Above
Average
12
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Life, Physical & Social Science Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to research and application of scientific knowledge to specific problems and situations. People in these occupations generally have interests
and skills in “ideas.” They usually have good research and problem solving skills, and do well in one or more scientific subjects.
Community, Social Service & Legal Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to the needs of people and their communities, families, and spiritual development. They usually have interests and skills primarily in
“people” to resolve personal and societal issues. People in these occupations value helping others and have high interpersonal skills including working with cultural diversity. They
are creative thinkers, problem solvers and are good listeners.
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Biological Technicians RIS Assist biological and medical scientists in laboratories to
operate instruments, monitor experiments, record results.
2 yr. CC Research & testing services; chemical, food
companies; government agencies; management &
public relations firms; medical & dental labs
$26,990e
$36,830
Above
Average
Chemists IER Study and test the properties of substances and materials to
develop chemical compounds and to improve products and
processes.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
Chemical manufacturers; research and testing services;
tobacco companies; government agencies
$36,670e
$61,110
Above
Average
Environmental
Scientists and
Specialists
IRE Study to identify and eliminate sources of pollutants or
hazards that affect health or the environment.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
R Government agencies; management & public relations
firms; research & testing services; engineering &
architectural, utilities services; chemical companies
$32,460e
$46,180
Above
Average
Forest and
Conservation
Technicians
IRS Work with foresters and/or conservation scientists to collect
data about forests or wildlife habitats and natural resources.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Government agencies; research & testing services;
paper & paper product manufacturers
$23,190e
$31,630
Average
Geoscientists IRS Apply knowledge of geology, physics, and mathematics in
the study of the earth's atmosphere, oceans, and the
physical aspects of the earth.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
L Management & public relations firms; government
agencies; engineering & architectural firms
$42,750e
$50,600
Above
Average
Market Research
Analysts
ISA Study labor market conditions in local, regional or national
areas. May gather information about prices and sales of
products or services.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
Research & testing services; industrial machinery and
electronic, electrical equipment manufacturers; banks;
accounting firms; communication and computer
companies
$32,170e
$74,810
Average
Medical Scientists IRE Conduct research and develop cures for health problems.
They study the structures of cells, tissue, and organs and the
effects of drugs, poisons, parasites, and bacteria.
Master's
Ph.D.
Research and testing services; chemical companies;
management and public relations firms; wholesale
companies; government, education and health agencies
$44,350e
$81,200
Above
Average
Psychologists ISE Study the ways people behave and think; seek to
understand and explain people's actions.
Master's
Ph.D.
L Educational services; offices of medical doctors and
health practitioners; government agencies; hospitals;
residential, family, home health care services; self
employed
$35,990e
$53,380
Above
Average
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Clergy SAE Serve the spiritual and religious needs of people; can be
ministers, priests or rabbis.
Bach.
Master's
C Churches, synagogues and religious organizations;
hospitals, residential care facilities; government
agencies
$24,250e
$37,190
Above
Average
Educational,
Vocational, School
Counselors
SEA Counsel individuals or groups in educational, social or
career matters.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
L Schools, colleges and universities; social services;
government agencies; residential care facilities; job
training services
$27,860e
$39,820
Above
Average
Lawyers ESI Give advice to individuals or businesses on legal problems;
study laws, write legal papers, may represent clients in
courts of law.
Juris Doctor
(J.D.)
L Law firms and legal agencies; government agencies;
self-employed; commercial banks and business
services
$47,810e
$98,850
Average
Mechanical Engineers RIE Design and develop tools, engines, machines, and other
equipment; direct workers who install, operate and repair
mechanical equipment.
Bach.
Master's
R Engineering & architectural services; industrial mach-inery,
electronic, electric & transportation equipment
companies; personnel services; rubber, plastics, stone,
clay, glass, fabricated metal manufactures & related in-strument
makers; textile mills; wholesale companies
selling machinery, equipment & supplies; chemical
companies
$44,460e
$62,630
Average
Surveying & Mapping
Technicians
IER Perform surveying and mapping duties to obtain data used
for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or
other purposes.
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
C Engineering & architectural services; government
agencies; utilities & sanitary services; research &
testing
$21,490e
$26,850
Above
Average
13
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Education, Training & Library Occupations
This cluster includes occupations that involve direct contact with individuals to provide for their education and training. People in these occupations generally have interests and skills
in “people” and value helping others to learn and develop. Their skills include speaking, listening, teaching and serving others. They demonstrate a high level of social skills.
Paralegals and Legal
Assistants
SEC Assist lawyers research laws, investigate facts, and prepare
legal papers; may specialize in one area of the law.
Trade,
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Legal firms and services; government agencies; banks,
security brokers
$21,680e
$32,400
Above
Average
Probation Officers and
Correctional Treatment
Specialists
SER Assist law offenders with rehabilitation, treatment, and/or
employment planning.
Bach. State & local government agencies; religious
organizations
$27,320e
$32,140
Above
Average
Rehabilitation
Counselors
SEA Counsel individuals with disabilities to help them maximize
their independence and employability.
Master's Residential care facilities; educational, social and health
services; job training and government agencies;
hospitals
$18,070e
$26,400
Above
Average
Religious Activities and
Education Directors
SEA Direct, plan, coordinate programs or activities of a church,
school or denominational group to meet religious needs of
students.
Bach. Religious organizations $20,100e
$27,910
Above
Average
Social and Human
Service Assistants
SCE Assist social worker or case managers in working to
improve human relationships.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
CC
Government agencies; social service agencies;
residential care facilities; religious organizations; job
training services
$17,510e
$23,570
Above
Average
Social Workers, Child,
Family and School
SEC Counsel and assist individuals and families who need help
from social service agencies; visit clients and arrange help
for them.
Bach.
Master's
C Local government agencies; social service agencies;
schools, colleges and universities; residential care
facilities; religious organizations
$25,210e
$33,460
Above
Average
Social Workers,
Medical and Public
Health
SEA Counsel and assist individuals and families who have
physical illness; help them understand, accept, and follow
medical recommendations.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
C Hospitals; nursing care, home health and allied health
services; social service agencies; medical offices;
government agencies
$27,300e
$37,330
Above
Average
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Adult Literacy,
Remedial Education &
GED Teachers
SAE Teach out-of-school youth and adults in remedial education
classes, including English as Second Language and GED
preparation classes.
Bach.
Master's
Educational services; self-employed $24,300e
$32,050
Above
Average
College and University
Teachers
SEI Teach undergraduate and/or graduate students in colleges,
universities, and community technical colleges. They usually
do research which, along with their instruction, is in
specialized program areas of fields of study. They also
advise students on courses and programs.
Ph.D. Junior colleges, colleges and universities $33,700e
$53,510
Above
Average
Elementary School
Teachers
SAE Teach basic academic and social skills to students in
primary grades.
Bach.
Master's
L Public and private elementary schools $29,560e
$42,700
Average
Librarians SEC Select, order, catalog, and take care of library materials
such as books, magazines, newspapers, films, and records;
help people find information.
Bach.
Master's
L Schools, colleges and universities; government
agencies and libraries; legal services; hospitals
$29,560e
$42,700
Above
Average
Library Technicians CSR Check books in and out; sort and shelve library materials;
repair damaged books, and answer routine questions.
HS or GED
OJT
2 yr. CC
Government agencies; schools, college, and universities $17,690e
$25,000
Above
Average
Middle School
Teachers
SER Instruct students in one or more specific subject areas in
middle/junior high schools.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
L Middle/junior high schools $27,030e
$36,780
Above
Average
Secondary School
Teachers
SER Instruct students in one or more specific subject areas in
high schools.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
L High schools $28,950e
$39,350
Above
Average
Self-Enrichment
Education Teachers
SAE Teach non-academic and non-occupational courses. Bach.
Master's
Educational services; religious organizations; civic,
social associations; social, recreational services;
government and job training agencies; self-employed
$17,260e
$31,350
Above
Average
Special Education
Teachers, preschool,
elementary, secondary
school
SEC Teach school subjects, social, and other skills to people
with special problems; may use special methods or tools.
Bach.
Master's
L Schools, rehabilitation facilities for disabled children $28,670e
$37,670
Above
Average
13
14
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Art, Design, Entertainment, Sports & Media Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to the creating and performing of artistic works in various forms. People in these occupations usually have interests and skills in “ideas”
and “people,” and some in “data” and/or “things.” Many value creativity and independence. They are skilled in creative thinking and are very expressive in nature. Many have aptitudes
in writing, presenting ideas, information and public speaking and for performing.
CAREER BRIEFS / PROFILES
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Actors AES Play parts in stage, TV, radio, video or movie productions. Trade
Apprent.
2yr. CC
Bach.
Motion picture companies; producers of entertainment $15,990e
$25,860
Above
Average
Artists AES Create original artwork including painting, sculpture and
illustrations; create, design and restore artwork; illustrate
subject matter to promote product sales, or to influence
others.
Trade
Apprent.
2yr. CC
Bach.
Government agencies, printing & publishing
companies; self employed
$24,840e
$35,220
Above
Average
Athletes and Sports
Competitors
ESR Compete in athletic events. HS or GED
Bach.
Commercial sports; educational services $14,640e
$22,950
Above
Average
Audio and Video
Equipment Technicians
CSE Operate and maintain electronic equipment used to transmit
radio and television programs.
HS or GED
OJT
Apprent.
2yr. CC
Motion picture companies; producers; radio and TV
companies
$18,770e
$28,220
Above
Average
Coaches and Scouts ESR Instruct or coach individuals or groups in fundamentals of
sport(s) or in techniques to improve skills; recruit athletes.
HS or GED
OJT
Bach.
Commercial sports; educational services; amusement
and recreational services; self-employed; civic & social
associations
$18,490e
$39,340
Above
Average
Editors AES Revise, layout written materials for final publications. Bach. Printing & publishing companies; radio and TV
companies; computer companies
$26,500e
$41,040
Above
Average
Film and Video Editors AES Edit motion picture soundtracks, film and video. HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
2 yr CC
Bach.
Motion picture companies; radio and TV companies;
producers
$22,430e
$33,090
Above
Average
Floral Designers ARE Design, cut, arrange live, dried or artificial flowers and
foliage.
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Florists, food and other retail stores; wholesale
companies selling to grocery and home furnishings;
self-employed
$14,060e
$18,700
Average
Graphic Designers AER Design or create graphics; may use variety of mediums to
achieve artistic or decorative effects.
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Printing & publishing companies; mailing & repro-duction
companies; advertising, management & public
relations firms; wholesale companies; business
services; self-employed
$22,890e
$36,760
Above
Average
Multi-Media Artists
and Animators
AES Create special effects, animation or other visual images
using computers, film or video.
HS Voc Ed
OJT
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Mailing & reproduction services; computer & ad-vertising
companies; self-employed; printing and
motion picture companies
$21,530e
$38,440
Above
Average
Musicians and Singers AES Play one or more musical instruments or entertain by
singing songs, in recitals or with an orchestra, band or
musical groups.
HS or GED
OJT
Bach.
Master's
Religious organizations; producers; self-employed $12,840e
$32,360
Above
Average
Teacher Assistants CES Help teachers; teach and supervise students; may grade
papers, check homework, maintain records, operate
equipment.
HS or GED
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Elementary, middle/junior and high schools;
government agencies; child care and social services
agencies; religious organizations
$14,680e
$17,630
Above
Average
Vocational Education
Teachers &
Instructors, Post-secondary
SER Teach vocational or occupational subjects to post-secondary
level students.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Master's
Public and private trade schools and community
colleges
$28,810e
$39,350
Above
Average
Vocational Education
Teachers, Middle &
Secondary
SER Teach vocational or occupational subjects to middle or high
school students.
2 yr. CC
Bach
L Middle and high schools $26,690e
$36,610
Above
Average
14
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Health Care Practitioners & Technical Occupations
This cluster includes occupations dealing with the prevention and diagnosis of human and animal ailments and prescribes medical and surgical treatments. People in these occupations
often have interests and skills in “people” and “data” and value helping others in a medical setting. They have aptitudes in acquiring and evaluating information and also must interpret
and communicate information effectively to others. Good problem solving and decision making skills are also necessary.
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Audiologists ISR Assess and treat people with hearing disorders. May
provide hearing training and/or research.
Master's L Hospitals; offices of medical doctors and health
practitioners
$40,370e
$54,620
Above
Average
Cardiovascular
Technologists and
Technicians
ICR Conduct tests on pulmonary and/or cardiovascular systems
of patients for diagnostic purposes.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Offices and clinics of medical doctors; hospitals $23,570e
$38,060
Above
Average
Diagnostic Medical
Sonographers
SEI Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs. 2 yr. CC
Bach.
Hospitals; offices and clinics of medical doctors $38,260e
$52,830
Above
Average
Dental Hygienists SAI Treat teeth and gums to guard against disease and injury;
teach people how to care for their teeth and gums.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
L Offices and clinics of dentists; government agencies $26,620e
$46,600
Above
Average
Dietetic Technicians SEI Assist dietitians in the provision of food service and
nutritional programs. May plan and produce meals, teach or
counsel individuals.
2 yr. CC Hospitals; nursing, personal and residential care
facilities
$14,350e
$22,500
Above
Average
Emergency Medical
Technicians and
Paramedics
RIS Assess injuries, give emergency medical care and transport
sick or injured persons to medical facilities.
HS Voc.
Ed.+
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
C Local government agencies; local and suburban
transportation services; hospitals
$18,910e
$25,760
Above
Average
Licensed Practical
Nurses
SEA Provide patient care under the direction of doctors or
registered nurses; may bathe, dress, feed and give
medication to patients.
HS Voc. Ed.
+ 1yr. cert.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
L Nursing and personal care facilities; hospitals; offices
and clinics of medical doctors; education services
$24,670e
$31,200
Above
Average
Medical/Clinical Lab.
Technicians
RIE Perform routine tests in medical laboratory for use in
treatment and diagnosis of disease.
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
L Hospitals; offices and clinics of medical doctors;
medical and dental laboratories; health, allied health
and education services
$21,330e
$28,480
Average
Medical/Clinical Lab.
Technologists
IRE Perform a wide range of complex specialized laboratory
tests and procedures, in such areas as cytology, histology,
and microbiology.
Bach.
Master's
L Hospitals; medical and dental laboratories; offices and
clinics of medical doctors; government agencies
$29,890e
$38,970
Above
Average
Medical Record/Health
Technicians
CIE Compile and maintain medical records of patients. Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Bach
Hospitals; offices and clinics of medical doctors;
nursing and personal care facilities; government
agencies
$18,500e
$25,420
Above
Average
Occupational
Therapists
RIS Direct educational, vocational, and recreational activities to
help patients restore movement, coordination, confidence.
Bach.
Master's
L Hospitals; nursing and personal care facilities; offices
and clinics of medical doctors & health professionals;
home health care services; nursing care facilities;
educational services
$40,340e
$55,940
Above
Average
News Analysts,
Reporters, and
Correspondents
ASI Collect, analyze and report newsworthy events for radio,
TV or news publications.
HS or GED
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Master's
Printing & publishing companies; radio and TV
companies
$20,650e
$36,690
Average
Producers and
Directors
ESA Produce or direct stage, television, radio, or motion picture
production productions.
Trade
Apprent.
2yr. CC
Bach.
Communication and motion picture companies;
government agencies
$24,480e
$42,680
Above
Average
Public Relations
Specialists
ESA Write, select, arrange, release favorable publicity materials
to promote good will or impression.
Bach. Religious organizations; educational services; com-munication
and research & testing companies;
government agencies; banks and business services;
advertising, management & public relations firms
$25,920e
$41,570
Above
Average
Writers and Authors AES Create and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories,
plays, advertisements.
Bach. Printing & publishing companies; self-employed; ad-vertising
& computer companies; educational services
$19,210e
$39,930
Above
Average
15
16
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Health Care Support Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to providing health services to assist medical practitioners and technicians. People in these occupations have interests and skills primarily
in “people” and “data” and value helping others in a medical setting. They usually have good communication and interpersonal skills.
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Dental Assistants SAI Help dentists check and treat patient's teeth and gums. HS Voc. Ed.
OJT.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Offices and clinics of dentists $19,380e
$26,390
Above
Average
Home Health Aides SER Care for elderly, convalescent, or handicapped person in
their home; change bed linen, prepare meals, bathe, dress
and groom; administer oral medications.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
1 yr. CC
Apprent.
Home health care services; residential care and nursing
care facilities; hospitals; social service agencies
$14,460e
$17,020
Above
Average
Medical Assistants SRE Assist physicians, prepare patients for exams; prepare
treatment rooms, inventory supplies and instruments,
schedule appointments, keep records.
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Offices and clinics of medical doctors and health
practitioners; hospitals; government agencies
$18,630e
$24,270
Above
Average
Pharmacists ISE Prepare and dispense drugs and medicine prescribed by
doctors and dentists; advise people on the use of medicines.
Bach.
Master's
Ph.D.
L Drug stores and pharmacies; hospitals; general
merchandise and food stores; government agencies;
wholesale companies
$58,650e
$73,930
Above
Average
Pharmacy Technicians REC Prepare medications under direction of pharmacist. HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
1 yr. CC
2 yr CC
Pharmacies; retail and general merchandise stores;
hospitals
$14,580e
$20,280
Above
Average
Physical Therapists SRI Apply techniques and treatments to help relieve pain and
increase strength of people with muscle, nerve, joint or
bone disease, or injury.
Bach.
Master's
L Hospitals; offices of health professionals; home health
care agencies
$46,670e
$61,190
Above
Average
Physician Assistants ISA Help doctors treat sick or injured patients and provide
minor medical services.
Bach.
Master's
L Offices and clinics of medical doctors and health
practitioners; hospitals; government agencies
$49,510e
$70,030
Above
Average
Physicians, Family and
General Practioners
IRS Diagnose diseases, treat ill and injured people and give
advice on how to prevent disease and keep fit.
Doctor of
Medicine
(M.D.)
L Offices and clinics of medical doctors; hospitals;
government agencies
$49,810e
$123,360
Average
Radiologic
Technologists and
Technicians
IRS Take X-rays, CT and MRI scans. Administer non-radioactive
materials to help doctors diagnose and treat
patients.
Trade
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Hospitals; offices and clinics of medical doctors $28,980e
$38,300
Above
Average
Recreation Therapists SAE Plan, organize, and direct medically approved recreation
programs for patients.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
C Hospitals; nursing and personal care and residential
care facilities; home health care services
$21,960e
$30,010
Average
Registered Nurses SIE Provide care, treatment, and health education to ill or
injured people. Plan and supervise health programs and
personnel.
Trade
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Master's
L Hospitals; offices and clinics of medical doctors;
nursing, personal care, residential care facilities;
medical, health and home health and family services;
education and government agencies
$36,930e
$46,370
Above
Average
Respiratory Therapists SIR Specialize in the evaluation and treatment and care of
patients with breathing disorders.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
L Hospitals; offices of health practioners $32,460e
$40,270
Above
Average
Respiratory Therapy
Technicians
SRC Provide specific respiratory care under direction or
respiratory therapist or physician.
OJT
1 yr. CC
Hospitals; offices of medical doctors; nursing and
personal care facilities
$23,560e
$31,290
Above
Average
Speech-Language
Pathologists
ISR Assess and treat people with speech, language, voice or
fluency disorders; may perform research.
Master's L Education services; offices and clinics of health
professionals and medical doctors; hospitals; self-employed
$37,390e
$50,300
Above
Average
Surgical Technologists ISR Prepare patients for operations and assist surgeons with
supplies and equipment before, during and after surgery.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Hospitals $24,150e
$30,570
Above
Average
Veterinarians IRE Diagnose and treat diseases and injuries in animals and
advise about their care. May do research or consultation
and livestock inspection.
Doctor of
Veterinary
Medicine
(DVM /
VDM)
L Agricultural services; veterinary hospitals or clinics;
agricultural production; self employed
$37,450e
$69,490
Above
Average
17
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After gaining vast knowledge and skills, many professionals desire to “give back” to their communities by bringing their valuable
experiences into the classroom. Considering our current job market and North Carolina’s shortage of teachers, teaching may be an option
worth pursuing. But first, you must be a good ally.
After 30 Years in Broadcasting—This Man is a True Ally
He moved through the sea of opportunity in the
broadcasting world, from tape editing room to news
director, and Emmy winner. Now he focuses his time
on giving back. Doug Spero, assistant professor at
Meredith College, and partner of Triangle Media
Coaching, now teaches students, media
professionals, politicians, and non-profit
professionals the ins and outs of the broadcasting
world.
Spero’s original career plan was to be a cameraman or
disc jockey. However, when the doors to the newsroom
started to open, Spero began to walk through these
doors, and soon developed an interest in news
broadcasting. Little did he know that he would later end
up working for network giants ABC, CBS and NBC.
After a classmate told him about an available position at
the Mutual Radio Network of New York, Spero started
working weekends in an editing room. This part-time job
led to several positions in radio and television including
public affairs host, bureau chief, field producer,
assignment editor, reporter, radio news operations editor,
radio network news producer, and news editor. After
fifteen years of perseverance and hard work, he got on
the air. From there he advanced to news director for
ABC, which required working with interviewers, news
writers, producers, general managers, reporters, and
people at the assignment desk.
To succeed in broadcasting, you have to work well with
ideas. You must be curious, aggressive and interested in
issues and people—a people person who can communi-cate
and write well.
“A high standard of professionalism is necessary in this
business,” Spero explains. “One must be honest,
responsible, and do the job right. People must be able to
count on you.” These are qualities that Spero carries
over to teaching.
Reflecting on his college days, Spero reminisced about
well-known broadcast professionals from programs like
the Jackie Gleason Show who also taught. “There’s
nothing better than to have people who have worked in
the industry in the classroom,” he stated. “I never forgot
what they did and how they helped me. I decided to do
what they did. I wanted to give something back.”
Spero knew that he needed at least a master’s degree in
order to teach. While working as a reporter at CBS News
in New York, he attended evening classes at New York
Institute of Technology. After reaching this goal, Spero
began teaching at East Carolina University as an adjunct
professor of Mass Communication.
With 30 years of experience in the broadcast industry
Spero offers students and professionals a front row seat
to mass communication. In the classroom, Spero’s
passion for teaching is evident as he walks about,
gesturing as he speaks, and emphasizing his points
clearly and articulately. He stresses the importance of
supplementing a college education with experience and
encourages students to gain valuable work experience
while in college.
“Broadcasting is tremendously competitive, but if you’ve
got the right stuff, and enthusiasm, and you really want
it, you can do it.”
“Teaching is only part of the game,” Spero remarked.
Although he has a hectic schedule and full class sizes,
Spero finds time for his students. Feeling the need to
help students get ready for the profession, he makes
himself available to students after class, assisting them
with internships, and placing them in their first job.
At this point in Spero’s life, he realizes that winning over
40 awards, including an Emmy for Best Investigation, is
not all there is to life.
“It’s not about money for me—it’s about helping as
many students and non-profit organizations as I can. It’s
about seeing them go out in the industry and make it. It’s
about giving back, and getting more time with my family,
and watching my kids succeed.”
By Patricia Edwards Shaver
Jobs in Broadcasting With an Above Average
Occupational Outlook
Audio and Video Equipment Technicians
Set up and operate sound and video equipment.
Editors and Writers
Writers write scripts and news articles based on
information collected from reporters.
Editors select, prepare, review, edit and rewrite the
work of writers.
Film and Video Technicians
Operate and maintain electronic equipment that
regulates sound and visual qualities of a broadcast.
News Analysts, Reporters, and Correspondents
News Analysts study and decifer broadcast news and
present it as prerecorded or live transmissions.
Reporters investigate news tips and leads through
personal observation, document research, and
interviews. This material is organized, written, and
accompanied by edited video material.
Correspondents report news from large foreign and
American cities.
Producers and Directors
Producers are responsible for financial and business
decisions and decide which programs or news
segments are aired.
Directors oversee and direct the cast and crew.
Alternative Ways to Enter a Teaching Career
Teach 4NC
http://www.teach4nc.com/
Troops-to-Teachers
www.ncpublicschools.org/troops/
National Center for Alternative Certification
http://www.teach-now.org/states/northcarolina/
frmNorthCarolinaIndex.asp
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Profile: Customer Support
Technology education evolved from the school system’s
vocational department. Along with this change brought
more and more females, as students and teachers, to what
used to be a traditionally male course. Not only are
women teaching technology education, but women also
hold key decision -making positions at the state level.
Those interested in a career in technology can find
employment in architecture and design, engineering,
manufacturing, medical, technical fields involving
Microsoft applications, and teaching. To be a technology
teacher, a technology education is preferred.
“If you have worked in the industry, you know how
it[technology] can be applicable to life,” Stephens
Lindsay Wiggins, biology major and 2002 UNC-Chapel
Hill graduate, has learned that accessing your allies
opens the doors of opportunity. Throughout college,
Lindsay took advantage of work-based learning
opportunities through a UNC-Chapel Hill research lab, a
marine science internship in Morehead City, NC, and as a
sales associate in a retail store.
As graduation from college approached, she reflected on
these experiences to assist in her job search. She
identified her career objective and refined her resume by
using publications from the bookstore and guidance
from those in the field. Through friends and relatives,
she set up informational interviews. Yet, even with her
credentials and contacts, four months passed after
graduation before she obtained employment with a
temporary agency.
“I was frustrated because I thought I had good skills and
experiences. But my contract work experience has
opened doors for opportunity. I strongly suggest this as
an option because I had good work experience to put on
my resume. It is difficult to get into entry positions!”
Lindsay’s contract work put her in a science lab at
GlaxoSmithKline. The tasks were similar to the research
lab experiences she had as an undergraduate. The
research position consisted primarily of automated
processes. This experience put her in touch with
additional contacts. As she worked in the lab and looked
around the company, she decided that she would like to
have a position with more human interaction.
Contract work is usually intended to last for a limited
time. With this in mind, Lindsay began to research
permanent position options. She updated her resume
with her new skills and contact names. Through internet
research, she explored potential positions.
A position in Greensboro at MWG Biotech Customer
Support opened up. This position provided the
development of customer service skills, but Lindsay
wanted to stay in Raleigh. She had a daily one-way 90-
minute commute, and she was too tired when she
returned home to interact with her friends. Through the
experience and additional contacts, Lindsay is now
employed with Biogen IDEC. She uses her research
skills, works with a company that reflects her beliefs, and
interacts with people daily in her support of
pharmaceuticals.
Lindsay believes her success is due to her willingness to
be open-minded to new opportunities, commitment to
explore options, exploration of positions, development of
diverse skills, and ability to capitalize on her experiences.
“I have worked to make something happen in each
situation which has led to new opportunities. I plan to
complete my Master’s in Business Administration
through my current employer. When opportunities for
growth are presented, I’m ready to step up to the plate! It
is important to know yourself and identify your goals.
Believe in yourself and follow your heart to create the
combination that works for you.”
Contributed by Barbara Wiggins
Profile: Teacher
After taking courses in engineering and design at North
Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,
Dorrian Stephens realized that he did not want to be an
engineer for the rest of his life. So he majored in
technology. With a desire for teaching and coaching and
a four-year degree in technology education, Stephens
began a teaching career.
That was seven years ago and Stephens’ love for
teaching young adults is still strong. Stephens teaches
an introductory technology course to ninth and tenth
graders at Broughton High School in Raleigh.
Technology education is the study of the built
environment and human innovation through the
application of science and mathematics. It requires the
use of existing knowledge to solve problems and expand
human capabilities.
Introduction to Technology course material focuses on
five disciplines of technology including: communication,
transportation, construction, biology, and
manufacturing. Skills in Excel, PowerPoint, public
speaking, design, and the fundamentals of technology,
are in high demand using a hands-on learning approach.
Stephens encourages his students to not only develop
these skills, but to also incorporate personal experience
in their coursework. This teaching strategy makes the
course content more interesting, meaningful, and
applicable to students’ lives.
explains, but teaching technology methods can be
difficult without an education. To be an effective teacher,
you should have patience and enjoy working with high
and low functioning students. Teachers must be able to
interpret students’ learning styles and be able to identify
their strengths and weaknesses. “You have to do it for
the love of teaching itself,” Stephens said. “There are
many rewards —not monetary, but rewards greater than
money.”
Seeing the students’ creativity come through in their
design work based on personal experiences and
activities, helps Stephens to get to know his students.
He strives to build good rapport and high trust levels
with students, and is delighted when they discover
something they like and would like to expand on.
Stephens credentials make him a qualified job candidate
in several occupations such as, construction, designing,
mass communication, and manufacturing. However, he is
content with the rewards of teaching and coaching
football and varsity softball.
By Patricia Edwards Shaver
Dorrian Stephens is a member of the North
Carolina Association of Educators and North
Carolina Coaches Association, and is a 1999
recipient of Carnage Middle School’s “Teacher for
the Quarter Award”.
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Profile: Translator / Interpreter
You must also be able to work well with others because
every call involves many people, and the coordination
of people in overlapping jurisdictions. A typical call often
involves the police, fire department, emergency
management, and sheriff’s
department.
“It is not easy to become a
bomb technician,” Luper
asserts, “It is a job that
requires a minimum of a five-year
commitment and you
face stiff competition for a
job.” Anything you do to
make yourself unique
increases your chances of
becoming part of this elite
group. If interested in this
career, Luper recommends
that you do something that
sets you apart from the
crowd. A minor in Spanish,
engineering, or computers, or
military police experience are
some options you may want
to consider. Since he liked physics and chemistry, Luper
took several science classes in addition to criminal justice
courses. He uses physics, chemistry, and mathematics on
the job, particularly geometry and algebra, which are used
to calculate the safest area surrounding a bomb.
Profile: Bomb Technician
As a bomb technician of eight years with the State
Bureau of Investigation (SBI), Tim Luper’s job is never
boring. It is a unique, specialized, and exciting job that
has been his career goal since graduating from college.
To achieve his goal, he worked as a police officer before
being hired as a forensic scientist for the SBI. The SBI
requires a four-year college degree for all of its
positions; however, bomb technicians must also acquire
at least five years of Law Enforcement experience before
attending FBI Hazardous Devices School. Once certified
by the FBI, a technician must return to the FBI
Hazardous Devices School once every three years for
recertification. A candidate must also pass a rigorous
background check and undergo psychological testing.
Psychological testing is important because of the danger
involved in this profession. Bomb technicians must be
very cautious and logical in their work. Composure
under pressure is absolutely necessary, contrary to what
you see in the movies.
A great deal of teamwork is required in Luper’s line of
work. Although two technicians are involved for every
call, only one person actually works with the bomb.
“You need two view points, Luper said, “because one
technician may see something that the other does not.”
Workers in this field must be able to adapt to a changing
environment, both in the field and in the office.
Technological advances in the tools used to defuse
bombs have lead to an emphasis on remote bomb
technician work. The State of
North Carolina has purchased
a robot to help make the work
of the technician safer. The
robot is a medium size Andros
F6A model that works by
remote control from a control
center inside a bomb squad
truck. Originally, this type of
robot was developed for use in
nuclear plants, and was later
adapted for bomb disposal
work.
A thorough understanding of
how the robot works is
necessary to keep the robot
functioning properly. Bomb
technicians must not only
learn how to operate the robot
but also to repair it. For
example, last April the robotic hand manipulator stopped
working. Luper had to find the problem, and fix it. While
a number of occupations relate to security and robotics,
Luper has found his niche.
By Tammy Freeman
As a child living in Mexico, Jackie Metivier did not
understand why her father felt so strongly about her
learning to speak fluent English. He believed that
immersing her in the American culture would be the best
way for her to learn English, so he sent her to Colorado
to live with family members for one year.
As an adult, Metivier moved to America and worked as a
bilingual assistant, using her language skills and degree
in Mass Communication from the Universidad
Intercontinental of Mexico City, Mexico. Metivier saw a
need for translation and interpretation services, and
embarked on a career as an independent translator and
formed Bilingual Communications, Incorporated (Bi-Com),
where she is president and owner.
Due to North Carolina’s growing Latino population,
Metivier has seen an increasing demand for translation
and interpretation services. Thirteen years ago, Metivier
mostly accompanied representatives from local companies
with international markets, who were selling products and
services in Mexico. Since then, Bi-Com has experienced a
large shift in its focus. Recent requests for translation and
interpretation services now comes from local companies
who want to communicate with their Latino workforce.
These workers used to do seasonal agricultural work—
now they are bringing their families and staying while
working year-round, mostly in construction and service
occupations.
“Many Hispanics are not familiar with how the culture
works—they don’t know the rules,” Metiever explains. Bi-
Com seeks to bridge the gap between Hispanics and
American culture. This is accomplished through providing
translation and interpretation services to businesses,
hospitals, law enforcement agencies, law firms, political
candidates, and the Department of Motor Vehicles.
The language and cultural barriers among Spanish and
English speaking citizens creates a demand for more
qualified translators and interpreters in North Carolina.
However, being bilingual does not mean one can
translate or interpret. An effective interpreter puts
personal feelings aside and interprets only what is being
said. An interpreter or translator must have a thorough
understanding of both languages, possess a nearly
perfect use of grammar, and earn a four-year degree.
Durham Technical Community College recently
introduced a new 18 credit hour certification
program for community Spanish facilitators. This
course specializes in facilitating communication
between Spanish speaking individuals and
community agency settings.
Metivier, like her father, seeks to raise awareness of
the importance of being bilingual and using these
language skills. She instills this in her children and
helps other kids through the NC Society of Hispanic
Professionals. Metivier is also president of the
Carolina Association of Translator and Interpreters
(CATI). CATI consists of 190 members from North
Carolina and South Carolina representing 32
languages. Metivier’s family tradition continues.
By Patricia Edwards Shaver
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Service Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to providing personal and protective services to individuals. These occupations can be grouped into Personal Care and Service, Protective
Service, Food Preparation and Serving, Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance occupations. People in these occupations usually have interests and skills in “people,”
“data,” and/or “things” and work in a variety of settings. Most must serve their clients, customers and the general public with good speaking, listening and interpersonal skills.
CAREER BRIEFS / PROFILES
Medical
Transcriptionists
CSE Listen and transcribe variety of dictated medical reports,
using transcribing machines.
HS Voc. Ed.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Offices & clinics of medical doctors and health
practitioners; hospitals
$21,850e
$27,230
Above
Average
Nursing Aides,
Orderlies, and
Attendants
SER Help care for the personal needs of sick and injured
people, such as feeding and answering call button; assist
nurse with maintenance duties.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
Trade
1 yr. CC
R Nursing, residential and personal care facilities;
hospitals; personnel supply services; home health care
services; religious organizations; social service
agencies; education services
$15,070e
$18,390
Above
Average
Occupational Therapy
Assistants
SEC Assist occupational therapists in administering medically-oriented
occupational therapy programs to assist in
rehabilitating patients.
2 yr. CC C Offices of health practitioners; hospitals; residential,
nursing and personal care facilities; home health
services
$23,150e
$34,450
Above
Average
Opticians, Dispensing RIS Design, measure, fit, and adapt lenses and frames for client
according to written optical prescription or specification.
Assist customer with frame selection, measure customer for
size of eyeglasses and coordinate frames with facial and eye
measurements and optical prescription.
Ed. + OJT
Apprent.
L Health and personal care stores; offices of other health
practioners.
$19,990e
$29,800
Average
Physical Therapy
Assistants
SEC Prepare patients for and administer physical therapy
treatments, under the direction of physical therapist.
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
L Hospitals, offices and clinics of medical and health
practioners; home health care services; nursing and
personal care facilities.
$16,200e
$37,400
Above
Average
Veterinary Assistants ISR Feed and water pets and non-farm animals, clean cages and
work areas, prepare animals and equipment for surgery,
and give medications under direction of veterinarian.
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
L Animal hospitals and clinics; veterinarian's offices;
agricultural, research & testing services; education
services
$13,350e
$17,110
Average
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Amusement &
Recreation Attendants
ECS Schedule the use of recreation facilities; maintain and
provide sports equipment; may operate concessions or
rides.
HS or GED
OJT
Amusement and recreation services such as golf
courses, bowling alleys, pool halls; government
agencies; commercial sports
$12,580e
$15,090
Above
Average
Bartenders ERS Mix and serve drinks to customers. HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Eating & drinking places, hotels & motels; recreation
services; civic & social associations
$12,440e
$15,790
Above
Average
Chefs or Head Cooks ESR Direct the preparation, cooking and seasoning of foods;
may plan menus, order supplies and keep records.
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Eating & drinking places; hotels & motels; recreation
services
$17,750e
$28,750
Average
Child Care Workers ESA Take care of children; may dress, feed and clothe them,
plan and conduct recreational activities.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Child care services; religious organizations; self-employed;
amusement & recreational services;
hospitals; residential care facilities; government and
social service agencies
$12,610e
$15,830
Above
Average
Cooks, Institution and
Cafeteria
RES Prepare and cook large quantities of food for institutions,
such as schools, hospitals, cafeterias.
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Education services; eating & drinking places;
residential, nursing & personal care facilities; hospitals;
child care services; hotels & motels
$13,880e
$17,700
Average
Cooks, Restaurant RSE Plan menus and cook foods; head cooks or chefs also
direct kitchen staff, plan menus, buy food and supplies.
HS or GED
HS Voc.
Ed.+ OJT
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Eating and drinking places; recreational services; hotels
and motels; food stores
$13,610e
$18,690
Above
Average
Correctional Officers
and Jailers
SER Keep order within jails and prisons; guard, watch and
escort prisoners; may instruct and help settle disputes.
HS or GED
OJT
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
C Government agencies $24,180e
$26,960
Above
Average
21
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Detectives and
Criminal Investigators
SER Conduct investigations to prevent or solve crimes related to
Federal, State or Local laws, such as Police Detectives,
Special Agents, Fraud Investigators, Customs Inspectors.
Bach. C Government agencies $28,190e
$39,040
Average
Fire Fighters RES Work to control and put out fires; use fire-fighting
equipment, operate emergency vehicles.
HS or GED
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Government agencies; business services $18,600e
$28,030
Average
Fitness Trainers and
Aerobics Instructors
SRE Instruct, demonstrate and coach individuals or groups in
exercise activities.
HS or GED
Apprent.
Bach.
2 yr. CC
L Civic and social associations; amusement and
recreation; hospitals; eating and drinking places
$14,680e
$24,590
Above
Average
Flight Attendants ESR Work to insure the safety and comfort of airline passengers;
give information, and serve food and drinks.
HS or GED
OJT
Bach.
Airline companies $17,700e
$30,500
Above
Average
Food Preparation and
Serving Workers
SCR Perform duties that combine both food preparation and
food service.
HS or GED
OJT
Apprent.
2 Yr. CC
Eating and drinking places; food stores; recreation
services
$12,450e
$14,520
Above
Average
Funeral Attendants ESR Perform various tasks during funerals, such as carrying and
placing casket, arranging lighting and flower arrangements,
directing or escorting mourners.
HS or GED
OJT
Apprent.
Funeral services & crematories $14,530e
$24,420
Above
Average
Hairdressers &
Cosmetologists
ESR Shampoo, cut, style, straighten, curl, and color hair; may
give manicures, facials, advise on makeup and hairpieces.
HS Voc. Ed.
+ OJT
Trade
1 yr. CC
L Beauty shops; self-employed; general merchandise
stores
$14,250e
$22,830
Below
Average
Hosts & Hostesses ESR Welcome patrons, seat them at tables or in lounges, ensure
quality of facilities and service.
HS or GED
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
Eating and drinking places; hotels and motels;
amusement & recreational services
$12,810e
$15,240
Above
Average
Janitors and Cleaners REC Keep office buildings and grounds clean and in good
condition.
HS or GED
OJT
1 yr. CC
Building services; educational services; personnel
supply and government agencies; hospitals; general
merchandise stores; business and health services
$13,130e
$17,750
Above
Average
Landscaping and
Groundskeeping
Workers
RCE Maintain lawns, trees, shrubs, flower gardens, and grounds,
using hand or power tools and equipment.
HS or GED
HS Voc.Ed.
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Agricultural services; amusement and recreation
services; local government agencies; real estate
managers, developers; educational services
$15,470e
$20,900
Above
Average
Maids and
Housekeepers
RCE Maintain homes and commercial offices in clean and orderly
manner; may move and arrange furniture, clean rooms.
HS or GED
OJT
Hotels and motels; hospitals; building services; nursing
and personal care facilities; real estate managers;
education services
$12,960e
$16,570
Above
Average
Personal and Home
Care Aides
SEC Keep house and advise families on issues of nutrition,
cleanliness, and household utilities.
HS or GED
OJT
CC
Residential and nursing care facilities; home health care
services; social services; government agencies
$13,460e
$16,670
Above
Average
Pest Control Workers REC Use chemicals, machines and traps to kill or trap household
pests, such as insects and rats.
HS or GED
HS Voc.Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
L Building services; self-employed $16,910e
$26,060
Above
Average
Police and Sheriff's
Patrol Officers
SER Patrol a specific area on foot or by car to maintain order,
enforce laws, and protect life and property.
HS or GED
OJT
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
C Government agencies and police departments $24,830e
$33,920
Above
Average
Recreation Workers ESR Plan, organize, and direct activities to help people enjoy
their free time.
OJT
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Government agencies; civic and social associations;
nursing and personal care facilities; amusement and
recreation parks and services
$13,150e
$19,240
Above
Average
22
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Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Advertising Sales
Agents
ESA Call on businesses to sell or solicit advertising, such as
graphic art, advertising time on radio or TV, advertising
space in publications, custom made signs.
HS or GED
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Printing and publishing companies; communications
and advertising companies; mailing & reproduction
services; public relations & management firms
$21,210e
$44,890
Above
Average
Cashiers CSE Receive money, make change, fill out charge forms, and
give receipts; may sell tickets or goods, add up the cost of
purchases, and operate machines.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Food stores; merchandise and department stores; auto
dealers and service stations; eating and drinking
places; building materials & garden supplies; apparel
and furniture stores; recreation and laundry services;
government agencies and business services
$12,730e
$15,600
Average
Counter & Rental
Clerks
ESR Receive and/or deliver orders or services; compute costs;
accept payment.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Laundries and cleaners; auto dealers, auto repair &
service stations; wholesale companies selling hardware,
plumbing, electrical supplies; equipment rental and
video rental stores; building materials & garden
supplies; general merchandise and food stores
$13,700e
$21,530
Above
Average
Demonstrators and
Product Promoters
ESA Demonstrate merchandise and answer questions in order to
interest people in buying product.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed
OJT
Wholesale companies selling lumber, construction
materials, drugs & groceries; general merchandise and
retail stores; advertising firms; furniture and home
furnishings stores
$15,570e
$25,320
Above
Average
Real Estate Sales
Agents
ESA Rent, buy, and sell property to clients; study property
listings, interview clients, show property, discuss conditions
of sale, and draw up contracts.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
CC
L Real estate agents, managers and companies; self-employed;
insurance companies; residential building
contractors; developers
$20,840e
$43,680
Average
Sales Representatives,
Wholesale and
Manufacturing
Products
ESR Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers such as
machines, tools, instruments, parts, furniture, equipment and
supplies.
HS or GED
OJT
Wholesale companies; building materials & garden
supplies; communication and printing companies;
furniture and retail stores; industrial machinery &
equipment manufacturers; residential contractors
$25,350e
$49,760
Average
Salespersons, Retail ESA Sell to the public any of a wide variety of merchandise;
show items to customers and help them decide what to buy.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
General merchandise and retail stores; apparel,
accessory goods; building & garden supply stores;
furniture & home furnishing stores; auto dealers &
service stations; food stores
$13,070e
$20,320
Above
Average
Securities,
Commodities and
Financial Service Sales
Agents
ESC Buy and sell securities (stocks and bonds) for customers;
provide financial counseling.
Bach R Security brokers and dealers; banks; personal credit
institutions; self employed
$29,880e
$84,470
Above
Average
Telemarketers ESC Solicit orders for goods or services over the telephone. HS or GED
OJT
Business; personnel supply services; mortgage bankers
& brokers; printing companies
$15,960e
$22,140
Average
Travel Agents ECS Plan and arrange trips for customers; determine schedules,
accommodations, costs.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Trade
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Transportation companies and services $19,450e
$29,250
Average
Sales & Marketing Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to selling goods and services, purchasing commodities and property for resale including the wholesale and retail markets. People in
these occupations usually have interests and skills in “people” and often are persuasive in nature. They are skilled in speaking, listening and must effectively serve their clients and
customers.
Security Guards SEC Guard or patrol premises to prevent theft, violence or
breaking of rules.
OJT
Apprent.
L Education and business services; eating & drinking
places; hospitals; general merchandise stores; real
estate managers and building services; recreation
services; hotels & motels
$14,650e
$20,970
Average
Waiters and Waitresses ECS Take food and drink orders and serve customers. HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Eating and drinking places; hotels and motels; nursing
& personal care, residential care facilities; civic &
social associations
$12,420e
$14,260
Above
Average
23
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Office & Administrative Support Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to preparing, transcribing, and preserving written and electronic communications and records including the collection,
gathering and dissemination of information. People in these occupations usually have interests and skills in “data” and have to operate various types of office equipment. They
often have to participate as a member of a team, and perform their duties with close attention to detail and a high level of accuracy. Those interacting with the public need good
communication skills.
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Bank Tellers CSE Cash checks for bank customers and help them deposit and
withdraw money from their accounts.
HS or GED
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Commercial and savings banks; credit unions;
computer companies; business services
$16,180e
$20,610
Below
Average
Bill and Account
Collectors
ESR Locate and notify customers of bills past due; receive and
record payments; begin repossession action.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
Personal credit institutions; hospitals and medical
offices; credit collections agencies; wholesale trades;
banks and business services; communication
companies; general merchandise stores
$19,670e
$26,350
Above
Average
Bookkeeping,
Accounting and
Auditing Clerks
CSR Compute, order and record numerical data to keep financial
records complete.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
Apprent .
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Wholesale companies; banks and businesses; food
stores; accounting firms; government agencies; auto
dealers, religious organizations; hospitals and medical
offices
$18,800e
$26,780
Below
Average
Customer Service
Representatives
CES Interview applicants for water, gas, electric, or telephone
service; receive orders for installation, discontinuance, or
change in services.
HS or GED
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Banks; telephone and communication companies; food
stores; business and personnel supply services; health
insurance companies; wholesale companies; printing
companies; utilities & sanitary services; general
merchandise stores
$17,650e
$26,510
Above
Average
Desktop Publishers RIE Using a computer screen, call up type and art elements
from computer memory and position them into a completed
page. Use knowledge of type styles and size and
composition patterns.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
Printing and publishing companies; personnel supply
services; variety of businesses
$19,770e
$29,260
Above
Average
Dispatchers: Police,
Fire, Ambulance
ECS Operate radio and telephone equipment to receive reports
or complaints from the public about crimes, fires and
medical emergencies; relay information to proper officials.
HS or GED
OJT
Apprent.
CC
Government agencies; hospitals; local & intercity
transit companies
$17,900e
$24,140
Average
General Office Clerks CSE Type, file, record information, operate office machines,
answer phones and similar tasks that help an office run
smoothly.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
Apprent
1 yr. CC
State & local governments; educational services;
wholesale trades; trucking and warehousing; industrial
machinery & equipment manufacturers; medical offices
& clinics; banks and legal services; building
contractors; auto dealers; real estate, business services
$16,090e
$22,800
Average
Hotel, Motel Desk
Clerks
ECS Register guests, assign rooms and issue keys, give out mail
and messages, answer questions, keep records, prepare
bills, and collect payments.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Hotels and motels $13,870e
$16,890
Above
Average
Human Resources
Assistants
CSE Compile and keep personnel records; record data, file,
prepare reports.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
Banks and business services, textile and furniture
product manufacturers; hospitals and health services;
government agencies
$21,920e
$29,090
Average
Interviewers, except
Eligibility and Loan
CSE Interview people in order to complete forms, applications
or questionnaires; record, sort, file.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
1 yr. CC
Hospitals; business and research services; management
& public relations firms; medical offices & clinics
$16,770e
$21,730
Above
Average
Library Assistants,
Clerical
CSR Sort and shelve books, keep records, locate and issue
library materials.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
1 yr. CC
Libraries and educational services; government
agencies; legal services
$12,970e
$18,980
Above
Average
Postal Mail Carriers SCR Walk or drive over planned routes to deliver, collect and
sort mail.
HS or GED
OJT
US Postal Service $29,920e
$36,580
Average
24
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Farming, Fishing & Forestry Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to the production, propagation and gathering of animals, animal products, plants, and with providing related services. People in
these occupations usually have interests and skills in “things” and “data.” They generally value working outdoors, in natural settings and with ecological systems. They often
work independently and have self-management skills.
Receptionists and
Information Clerks
CSE Greet customers and direct them to those who can help;
may maintain records, schedule appointments, answer
phone, type.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Medical and dental offices and clinics; wholesale
trades; hospitals; government agencies; real estate
agents & managers; educational, recreation and
business services
$15,410e
20,620
Average
Reservation and
Transportation Ticket
Agents
ECS Make reservations for passengers and sell tickets for
transportation agencies, such as airlines, bus companies,
railroads. May direct passengers, check luggage.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
1 yr. CC
Airline companies; hotels & motels; transport and
intercity transit services
$14,140e
$24,660
Average
Secretaries, Executive
and Administrative
Assistants
CSE Provide high-level administrative support, such as preparing
reports, conducting research, handling information requests,
preparing correspondence, scheduling appointments and
meetings.
HS Voc. Ed.
Apprent.
Trade
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Religious organizations; banks; government, business
and personnel supply services; wholesale trades;
computer and engineering firms; hospitals; education
services
$22,870e
$30,880
Average
Secretaries, Legal CSE Research and prepare legal papers and correspondence,
such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas.
HS Voc. Ed.
Trade
Apprent.
2 yr. CC
Legal firms and services $21,630e
$30,350
Average
Secretaries, Medical CES Perform secretarial duties utilizing knowledge of medical
terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures.
HS Voc. Ed.
Trade
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Offices and clinics of medical doctors and dentists;
hospitals
$18,410e
$23,120
Average
Stock Clerks and
Order Fillers
RCE Receive, store, and issue sales floor materials, equipment
and merchandise.
HS or GED
OJT
Food, general merchandise & retail stores; wholesale
companies; textiles, apparel & furniture stores; build-ing
materials & garden supplies; government agencies;
trucking & warehousing companies; business & pers-onnel
supply services
$14,550e
$20,290
Average
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Agricultural Inspectors REC Inspect agricultural products, equipment, facilities, and fish
and logging operations.
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Bach.
L Agricultural services; government agencies $23,720e
$33,610
Below
Average
Farm and Ranch
Managers
ESR Operate farms, ranches, greenhouses, nurseries, timber
tracts or other agricultural establishments.
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
2 yr. CC
Bach.
Farms and agricultural production $22,620e
$51,540
Below
Average
Farm Workers, animals REC Attend to live farm or ranch animals produced for animal
products such as meat, fur, skins, feathers, milk and eggs.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Farms; agricultural and food production $13,900e
$21,490
Average
Farm Workers, crop REC Work with their hands and farm equipment to plant,
cultivate, harvest, and store crops.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Farms and agricultural (crop) production $12,860e
$15,720
Below
Average
Forest and
Conservation Workers
REI Plant, maintain and protect forests and woodlands. May
harvest forest products, such as Christmas trees, and
compile information on forest areas.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
CC
Agricultural (crop) production; wholesale companies
selling lumber & construction materials; lumber and
logging companies; government agencies
$17,220e
$30,590
Average
Logging Equipment
Operators
RCS Operate tractor or wheeled log-handling equipment to
unload log trucks, separate and stack logs.
HS or GED
OJT
1 yr. CC
2 yr. CC
Agricultural (crop) production; lumber and logging
companies; paper companies
$16,740e
$25,130
Below
Average
25
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Construction & Extraction Occupations
This cluster includes occupations pertaining to working on materials at a specific site, which will change over time. People in these occupations usually have interests and skills in
“things” and use a variety of tools to perform their duties. They must have a certain degree of physical strength in some of the occupations and mechanical aptitude specific to their
occupation. Most have to effectively manage their time, materials, and resources to meet construction deadlines.
Occupation HC Work Description Education Lic. Where Salary Outlook
Brickmasons and
Blockmasons
REC Lays bricks, concrete and set cinder blocks for buildings
and structures.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
Masonry, stonework and plastering contractors;
building and special trades contractors; self-employed
$26,040e
$34,640
Above
Average
Carpenters REC Build, install, and repair wooden structures with hand and
power tools.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
Residential and non-residential building contractors;
self-employed; lumber & wood products companies
$20,800e
$29,060
Average
Construction and
Building Inspectors
RIE Inspect new or remodeled construction to determine its
soundness and compliance to specifications, building codes,
and other regulations.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
L Local and state government; engineering and
architectural firms; research & testing services
$30,220e
$43,300
Average
Drywall and Ceiling
Tile Installers
RCS Apply plasterboard or other wallboard to ceilings or interior
walls of buildings; mount acoustical tiles or shock-absorbing
materials to reduce or reflect sound.
HS or GED
OJT
Apprent.
CC
Masonry, stonework, and plastering companies;
residential, non-residential building and special trades
contractors; self-employed
$22,230e
$29,710
Above
Average
Electricians RES Erect, install and repair wiring that carries electrical power
in buildings and ships.
HS or GED
HS Voc. Ed.
OJT
Apprent.
1 yr. CC
L Electrical and residential building contractors; textile,
rubber and tobacco manufactures; plumbing, heating,
air conditioning and utilities services; heavy