Published by the N.C. Division of State Historic Sites, a program of the Office of Archives and History, N.C. Department of Cultural Resources.
The division office is in the Dobbs Building at 430 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, N.C. (919-733-7862) Kay P. Williams, Director.
Volume XXI, No. 4
April 2005
In This Issue:
State Civil War Trails
Program, Tour Stop
Exhibits Open at Ben-tonville
page 2
Horne Creek Farm
Closes Temporarily
page 3
Transportation Mu-seum
Staff Care for
Autos, Rail Rolling
Stock
page 5
CSS Neuse Site Recalls
Ironclad’s Scuttling
page 7
Check Our Website:
nchistoricsites.org
New Black History Month Program Popular at Stagville
This year Historic Stagville offered its first special school group
tours for Black History Month. Although February is traditionally busy
at the site, the new programming offered the possibility of even more
visitors and increased visibility.
Stagville offers a number of special activities for school groups.
Typically a group re-ceives
a guided tour and
participates in one activ-ity.
During Black History
Month, we had two days
weekly when students
participated in two activi-ties
specially geared to-ward
African-American
history. Activities included
African games, a freedom
quilt craft, storytelling, Af-rican
music and instru-ments,
a discussion of WPA slave narratives from people once en-slaved
at Stagville, a discussion of slavery from the Middle Passage to
emancipation, and a discussion of African-American music from spiri-tuals
to rock and roll.
This small change in our programming made a big difference.
The site received many more calls and emails from teachers than nor-mal,
and staff had trouble fitting all schools into a short month. Classes
that came had wonderful things to say about the activities, and many
teachers promised to spread the word for next year. Some teachers
encouraged others at their schools to come this spring: our group cal-endar
is filling faster than usual.
Utilizing our website, regular publicity sources, and support
group mailings to advertise, we reached a larger group than in past
years. The website was the best source for teachers. It listed all activi-ties
(by age ranges) and tied in with the state standard course of
study. This allowed us to offer more information than is possible in fly-ers
or press releases. It also was easier for people to pass the word
since the information was so readily available. We found teachers bet-ter
prepared for tours, since they had advance information from the
website.
This year’s African-American program for school groups was a
great success, with minimal extra effort. We plan to offer it again next
year and anticipate even more response from teachers.
(Jessica Dockery)
April 2005 2
N.C. Civil War Trails Program Rolls Out at Bentonville
March was indeed a very busy
month at Bentonville Battlefield, as the
immensely popular reenactments held
there every
five years
drew 40,000
guests and
3,000 cos-tumed
reen-actors
this
year. Earlier
that same
week, on
March 14, another notable event occurred at the historic
site.
The first event was the formal announcement of the
Civil War Trails program in North Carolina and dedication of
a significant part of that program’s system of markers at
Bentonville. An estimated 150 or more people attended the opening, which included
remarks by Secretary of Cultural Resources Libba Evans, Deputy Secretary Dr. Jeffrey
Crow, and other dignitaries. The occasion concluded
with the firing of a reproduction fieldpiece by costumed
reenactors.
At the site, the Civil War Trails system and logo
are represented by three improved tour stops, each
with paved parking
and several wayside
exhibits marking im-portant
parts of the
battle, which are in-cluded
in the driving
tour of the battlefield.
North Carolina
Civil War Trails is a
joint venture of the Department of Transportation and
the Division of Tourism, Film, and Sports Develop-ment.
Funds from a $1.1-million federal transporta-tion
enhancement grant are being used to develop,
design, fabricate, and install wayside interpretive
markers at campaign sites and corridors of the Civil
War. Some one hundred markers already are in place.
Nine other state historic sites are among locales on the trail, including Bennett
Place (see Insites, March 2005), Brunswick Town/Fort Anderson, Fort Fisher, CSS
Neuse/Richard Caswell, Tryon Palace, State Capitol, Edenton, Halifax, and Duke
Homestead. Other sites may be added in the future.
April 2005 3
Horne Creek Farm Temporarily Closed
On March 10 Horne Creek Living Historical Farm near Pinnacle was temporar-ily
closed. The deteriorating interim visitor center—a mobile home installed a number
of years ago—appears no longer usable for occupancy and needs either replacement
or very substantial repair and renovation. The division currently is attempting to pur-chase
a new modular replacement unit and awaiting approval from State Construction
and the Department of Insurance concerning a bid proposal for the new unit.
Meanwhile most items have been moved out of the old visitor center with much
help from Bob Remsburg and Steve Hill. The staff now has limited computer access
and has obtained portable toilets.
Normally, with educational programs ranging from white oak basket-making
workshops to the annual cornshucking frolic, Horne Creek provides unique opportunity
to learn about North Carolina’s rural past. Its facilities include the Hauser farmhouse
(1880), which is restored and furnished to the circa 1900-1910 era, a combination well
and wash house, smokehouse, double-crib log feed barn, tobacco curing barn, corn-crib,
a reconstructed fruit and vegetable dry house, trails, and outdoor exhibits.
However, because obtaining the modular unit may well take six months or more,
visitors should make sure to call Horne Creek before coming by the site.
Staff Participate in Symposium on U.S. Colored Troops
On March 4-6 the Cultural Heritage Museum of Kinston presented a regional
symposium on African American heritage and the U.S. Colored Troops of the Civil
War. The conference was cosponsored by the U.S. Colored Troops Institute for Lo-cal
History and Family Research, based at Hartwick College in Oneonta, New York.
The theme of the symposium was "Earning the Right to Citizenship." One day
of the meeting was a group of seminars organized around two tracks. The first was on
the history of African American involvement in the Civil War and how to find out more
about the U.S. Colored Troops. The second track dealt with travel and tourism. Several
members from the Division of Historic Sites and DCR were invited presenters.
Guy Smith of the CSS Neuse and Bert Felton of N.C. Civil War Trails gave a
seminar in the travel and tourism track. Bert discussed N.C. Civil War Trails, while Guy
talked about a future CSS Neuse Civil War Museum in downtown Kinston and how it
may increase commerce there. The second seminar in the track was on marketing Afri-can-
American attractions. Sharon Bryant, African American outreach coordinator at
Tryon Palace, told of palace programs about African Americans.
In the history track, Paul Switzer, a volunteer at Tryon Palace, discussed the oc-cupation
of New Bern and creation of James City. John Joyner of Aycock Birthplace
spoke on the occupation of Goldsboro by African American troops after the Civil War.
The Cultural Heritage Museum is a project of the Black Heritage Society. The
museum will honor more than 200,000 black soldiers and their 7,000 white officers who
fought in the Civil War, emphasizing U.S. Colored Troops from North Carolina. The
museum also plans to treat local black veterans, Carl Long and Negro Baseball
League players, Africa, and general black history. Museum supporters have purchased
downtown property in Kinston to house the museum.
(John Joyner)
April 2005 4
Eagle Scout Projects Improve Reed Gold Mine
Industrious Boy Scouts have completed two essential site improvements at
Reed Gold Mine. The first project was repairing a fire access road near Upper Hill,
heart of the site’s historic area. The second project was replacement of troughs in the
panning area. Lack of state funds made both repairs impossible until two Eagle Scouts
came to the rescue, as in numerous past cases.
Repairing the fire access road earned Josh Press of Concord his rank of Eagle
Scout. He and staff member Daniel Blakemore found that both underbrush and over-hanging
trees need trimming. Many potholes also had formed, much gravel had
washed away, and standing water in some areas caused problems as well. This situa-tion
hampered site vehicles on inspection tours and would have made the road nearly
impassable for emergency equipment.
To document preparation and the repairs needed, Josh took many photos. After
measuring the area, he began contacting companies that could help or donate items to
the project. Vulcan Materials gladly donated all gravel, but Josh had to find a way to
haul it to the site.
Looking for a dump truck and driver to haul the gravel, Josh stumbled across
John Marston at BFI. BFI couldn’t supply the truck or driver but donated Geo Tech net-ting.
The netting would prevent stone from eroding and add another layer to the road-bed
to hold the stone in place and hopefully make the bed last longer. Marston ar-ranged
for another driver and truck to haul the gravel for free.
Before the official work began, Josh, his family, and fellow scouts removed
much of the overhanging trees and underbrush. In late August repairs to the roadway
began. With fifteen volunteers, a tractor and scrape, a dump truck, shovels, and rakes,
it still took the group all day to get the job done. Without donations, the total estimated
cost of the project would have been $5,325. It took 176 hours to complete. Thanks to
Josh, his family, and his scout troop!
Cameron Hasty of Indian Trail decided that his Eagle Scout project would be the
second much-needed repair, rebuilding panning troughs at the site’s educational pan-ning
area. (Cameron is Daniel Blakemore’s nephew.) When the 2004 panning season
ended in October, all three troughs contained rotted, leaking areas threatening to col-lapse.
Much lumber was donated by Jordan Lumber of Mt. Gilead; the state supplied
plywood. Cameron secured donation of hardware to assemble the troughs.
In spite of a sleet storm, building of troughs began inside the maintenance build-ing
in January. Cameron, with twelve other volunteers, cut wood and assembled the
troughs on sawhorses. All troughs were sealed inside and out to help weatherproof
them. Once each trough was together, the next step was hauling it to the panning area
and setting it up without taking it apart. There the final touches of waterproofing the
trough were applied. Brick and stone foundations were redone to ensure that all
troughs were level.
By working every Saturday in February and March, Cameron and his crew en-sured
that troughs are now ready for the 2005 panning season. We greatly appreciate
their hard work and expect the troughs to last for many years.
Susan E. Smith
April 2005 5
Auto and Rail Care and Repair at the Transportation Museum
The NCTM automobile committee is taking a variety of steps to protect and pre-serve
the museum’s vehicles. One of the first stages in the process is developing
maintenance and use policies for both museum and NCTM Foundation vehicles. The
committee is also launching a volunteer program to help with maintenance, upkeep,
and regular driving of operating vehicles. Those interested in volunteering can contact
Bob Hopkins at 704-636-2889, ext. 256. All volunteers will receive training.
In other automobile news, the 1955
Nash is getting a new water pump, new wiring,
a tune-up, and front-end suspension work.
Once the car is road-worthy, it will be registered
and insured and used as an ambassador vehi-cle
for the museum. The 1935 Ford Highway
Patrol car will be at Garner Station for the
town’s centennial April 16. Either the 1955
Nash or the 1922 Buick will go to Reed Gold
Mine April 26-27 for Heritage Days. One of
these two cars will join the Spencer centennial
parade April 16.
Rail operations volunteers, gearing up for the 2005 train ride season,
spent many hours in the restoration shop. Work weekends attracted high turnouts, ex-cept
for a couple of foul-weather weekends. A blitz the weekend of February 19-20 to
reduce the number of items on the project board brought out nearly forty volunteers,
and a substantial amount of riveting was com-pleted.
Staff and volunteers in the shop empha-sized
restoration of the Norfolk & Western No.
1506 combination car,
which is being con-verted
into a handi-capped-
accessible
(ADA) car and will be-come
part of the on-site
passenger train.
Restoration of
the Tweetsie combination car in the paint shop, the U.S.
Army Hospital car, and re-roofing of Canadian coach No.
4953 are also on the list of projects. The 1925 Shay is
getting annual maintenance, so it can steam again later
this spring. The diesel department also has been working on winter maintenance pro-jects.
Rebuilding of the boiler for the No. 604 steam engine is progressing, and Historic
Machinery Services Corp. of Birmingham, Ala., has been chosen to do this work.
(Misty Ebel and George Weber)
April 2005 6
Regulators are Well Represented by their Descendants
In October 2004 a couple from Las Vegas, Nevada, visited Alamance Battle-ground.
They were not in town for the outlet malls but had come to Alamance County
specifically to visit the battleground. This means they purchased round-trip plane tick-ets,
rented a car, stayed in area hotels, and ate at local restaurants (yes, I asked all
these questions). The reason for the couple’s trip—the man’s wife is a direct descen-dant
of Peter Craven, who was one of the most active Regulators, and she wanted to
see the place where he fought! To top things off, as I gave them a tour of the Allen
House, we were joined by a direct descendant of the Allens!
Such instances are in fact not that odd here at Alamance, because interest in
the War of the Regulation and the Battle of Alamance, which ended it, is high among
descendants of the Regulators. A simple review of the guest register proves this. For
instance, a family of four from South Carolina came in June of last year. We learned
they were descendants of Regulator Capt. Robert Messer who was hung in Hillsbor-ough
with five other Regulators on June 19, 1771. This past September Billy and Lynn
Merrill drove up from Florida to have me pull out the partial list of regulators. Mr. Merrill
wanted to see the name of his ancestor, Benjamin Merrill. Benjamin Merrill too was
hung at Hillsborough. Family legend says he was also disemboweled in front of his
wife and eight children! We cannot authenticate this, but the family tells it!
I could cite several more examples. Then there is Jimmy Carter’s new book,
The Hornet’s Nest. It seems the former president had an ancestor who fought at the
Battle of Alamance! Since I’ve been here, I bet we have had two hundred visitors who
read about our site in President Carter��s novel. It is a matter of record that the presi-dent’s
office contacted the site during the book’s research phase.
It should be noted as well that a descendant of royal governor William Tryon
even visited the site! This happened on August 26, 2004, and he proudly brought sev-eral
friends with him!
The Regulators are not just remembered, they are revered by their ancestors.
(Bill Thompson)
William R. Davie House Roof Repairs
After much anticipation, Historic Halifax is pleased to report that the William R.
Davie House is currently receiving a new roof. This long-awaited temporary restoration
will help protect the building and stop multiple leaks until full restoration of the house
can take place. This replacement is the first re-roofing project to take place in the
Northeast Section using bond money released to the DCR Capital Projects Unit. The
project began on February 14 with an expected completion date of May 14. The next
stage in the Davie House restoration will be stabilization of the foundation, to be com-pleted
by the division’s craftsmen.
Davie (1756-1820), born in England of Scottish parents, was a graduate of the
College of New Jersey (Princeton), Revolutionary War officer, statesman, and founder
of the University of North Carolina. After the Revolution he practiced law in Halifax and
married into the aristocratic family of Allen and Willie Jones. A Federalist and active
Mason, he was elected governor in 1798.
(Halifax staff)
April 2005 7
140th Anniversary of Neuse’s Scuttling Commemorated
March 12 marked the 140th anniversary of the scuttling of the Confederate iron-clad
ram CSS Neuse. The crew of the ship was forced to sink the vessel to avoid its
capture by Union forces following the Battle of Wyse Fork, just outside of Kinston. That
engagement (the second largest land battle fought in North Carolina during the Civil
War) was part of the larger Carolinas Campaign in 1865, which helped end the war.
Parts of the vessel, including the cannons, iron plating, and engines, were salvaged
following the scuttling. The remains of the sunken ship lay on the river bottom for al-most
a century before being recovered and put on display in the 1960s.
The service of the CSS Neuse and her crew was
remembered during a daylong living history program at
the CSS Neuse. Confederate Navy reenactors greeted
visitors and talked about naval life in the 1860s. Displays
focused on navigation, weaponry, and shipboard medi-cine.
Cannon-firing demonstrations were conducted
throughout the day. The Carteret Grays played music
from the period. At 3 p.m. a ceremony was held to com-memorate
the scuttling of the vessel with a reading of the
roster of the crew and an artillery salute.
The program was cosponsored by the CSS Neuse Gunboat Association, Inc.
Participating living history organizations include the Ship’s Company of the Roanoke,
North Carolina Naval Squadron, Submarine Battery Service, and Ship’s Company CSS
Virginia.
(Andrew Duppstadt)
Profile: Robbie Putnam
Capt. Robbie Putnam, a native of Dare County, has taken
the helm of the representative sixteenth-century sailing vessel,
the Elizabeth II, whose home port is Roanoke Island Festival
Park (RIFP). The ship is the park’s main attraction and also sails
twice yearly to other ports, bringing history alive.
Putnam, thirty, has been employed at RIFP for twelve
years. His first assignment was assisting with maintenance, but
he soon found himself working on the Elizabeth II. He trained for
his new position under former captain Horace Whitfield, who left
the position in 2002.
“It’s a real challenge. The boat itself is heavy and does not react quickly to
changes in steering or direction. You have to look ahead a couple of minutes because
it takes so long to react to commands,“ Putnam said.
The Elizabeth II has recently returned to Festival Park after extensive repairs
including replacing the ship’s stern post, stern planking, and gun ports. This year the
docked vessel will host thousands of school children and visitors. Exciting voyages are
also scheduled. The ship will participate in Bath’s tri-centennial celebration in Septem-ber.
Captain Putnam will direct a large volunteer crew and the six paid staff members.
(Tanya Young)
April 2005 8
Selected April Events at Roanoke Island Festival Park
April 11-15 Watercolor Workshop with Tom Francesconi
Art Gallery. Fee
A partnership between RIFP and the Dare County Arts Council. Mr. Francesconi
studied art at Eastern Illinois University and the American Academy of Art in Chicago.
He has received awards in major national exhibitions and earned signature member-ship
in the National Watercolor Society, the Transparent Watercolor Society of America
(of which he is president emeritus), and the Northwest Watercolor Society. His works
are in collections throughout the country. To learn the cost of the workshop, call Peggy
Saporito at 252-449-8389 or email peggysaporito@earthlink.net.
April 23 Second Annual Tux and Topsider Dance
8 p.m. Maritime Museum on Roanoke Island. Tickets $50 each from the Mari-time
Museum or RIFP, or by calling (252) 475-1750.
Annual dance at the George Washington Creef Boat House in downtown Man-teo.
Music by The Crowd. Heavy hors d’oeuvres, beer, and wine. Dress “yacht club
casual”—tux not required; wear your favorite yacht club attire! Silent auction. Proceeds
from dance benefit N.C. Maritime Museum on Roanoke Island.
April 23 Tour de Cure Cycling Event
The Outdoor Pavilion
100-mile ride from Chesapeake, Va., to Manteo, N.C., where participants end
their fundraising journey at RIFP. Benefits American Diabetes Association. For infor-mation,
call (757) 455-6335, ext 3276 or 1-888-DIABETES, ext 3281.
April 30 March of Dimes—Walk America 2005
9 a.m. Outdoor Pavilion
March of Dimes sponsors Outer Banks Walk America. Registration 9 a.m. Walk
begins at 10 a.m. Five-mile walk takes participants through historic Manteo, followed
by a picnic. For more information, call (757) 361-0000 or 1-800-732-7097.
Profile: Kim Tweedy
Kim Tweedy joined the Reed Gold Mine staff on March 15 as a full-time historic
interpreter. The position she filled was previously an office assistant position but was
upgraded to give Reed two historic interpreters. Kim graduated from UNC-Chapel Hill
in the spring of 2004 with a degree in history. Before joining the Reed Gold Mine staff,
she worked at Fort Dobbs in Statesville researching colonial history and assisting in
planning special events. While at UNC, she worked in the North Carolina Collection’s
gallery. She has also volunteered at the state archaeology lab in Raleigh.
Kim enjoys going to the beach, snow skiing, and UNC sports. Go Heels! She is
eager to learn about gold mining and its history and is very excited to be a part of the
Reed Gold Mine family. Kim finished her first week at Reed on an exciting note—
working the popular Gold Rush Run. Now that she is “broken in,” she’ll be ready for the
panning season!
(Kim Tweedy)
April 2005 9
A Year in the Life of the Bennehans and Others
Former curator Clare Bass and site board member Jan Hessling worked hard
researching and writing a comprehensive furnishing plan for the Bennehan House.
This plan will accurately describe furnishings in the house in the first quarter of the 19th
century. Once the plan is complete, we can start furnishing the historic house to that
date. Meanwhile board members, volunteers, and staff have begun creating period
costumes. As styles changed so quickly, we decided on a specific year to interpret
through clothing—1815.
1815 was an interesting year globally as well as in the Bennehan and Cameron
families. The Napoleonic wars finally ended June 18, 1815, at the Battle of Waterloo. A
major event closer to home was the War of 1812 between America and Great Britain.
The Treaty of Ghent, ending that war, was signed December 24, 1814. However, the
news had not yet reached American and British forces at New Orleans by January 8,
1815, when Andrew Jackson led the Americans to victory in the Battle of New Orleans.
Though the treaty had been signed, the war was not officially over until ratifications
were exchanged on February 17, 1815.
As the conflict closed, there were a couple of notable events in the United
States. On January 30 Thomas Jefferson helped reestablish the Library of Congress
(which British troops had burned) by donating his library of 6500 books. On February 6
New Jersey granted the first American railroad charter to John Stevens. Of all national
news, North Carolinians were most proud of the fact that local girl Dolly Payne Madi-son
served as first lady while her husband, James Madison, was president from 1809
to 1817.
Things were starting to look up for the “Rip Van Winkle State.” From 1790 to
1802, no bills relating to education had been introduced in the General Assembly.
From 1804 to 1814 education was not even mentioned there. In 1815, however, the
legislature appointed the first committees on education. Also in 1815, Archibald D.
Murphey drew up the first comprehensive plan for state internal improvements. It fea-tured
improving transportation, building up markets, and draining swamps to improve
health and promote agriculture.
The Bennehans and Camerons were busy during this time. Thomas Bennehan
became a trustee of the University of North Carolina in 1812, serving until his death in
1847. Duncan Cameron held an administrative post and the rank of general during the
War of 1812. A Federalist, he promoted progressive reform for the state following the
war.
Construction of Fairntosh, Duncan and Rebecca Cameron’s home, began in
1810. The family (Duncan, Rebecca, and four children) moved in by late 1812. Mary
Bennehan, Rebecca’s mother, died in 1812, leaving husband Richard and son Thomas
at Stagville. As Duncan was frequently away on business, Rebecca and her children
often visited Stagville. The Bennehans received many visitors; their house then con-tained
twelve bedsteads and thirty-six Windsor chairs.
The first quarter of the 19th century was busy for the nation, and 1815 marked a
turning point in the history of the state. We hope, through accurate furnishings and
costuming, to teach visitors about that important time.
(Jennifer Farley)