Carolina nursing

              T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N O R T H C A R O L I N A A T C H A P E L H I L L S C H O O L O F N U R S I N G �� F a l l 2 0 0 3
Carolina
NURSING
Chronicle highlights several of the
important research initiatives that
are designed to improve the health
of you and your fellow North
Carolinians. From the tree-topped
mountains of Buncombe County to
the sandy beaches of New Hanover
County, SON researchers are work-ing
in your communities to learn
how to better care for the health of
North Carolinians. Examples high-lighted
within these pages include
studies to help Latina mothers suf-fering
from depression learn how to
deal with their symptoms; efforts to
reduce the uncertainty that many
cancer patients face with treatment
and recovery; and work to empower
those with arthritis to better care for
themselves.
Nearly 50 SON scientists were
engaged in research projects from
July 2002 to the end of the fiscal
year this June, bringing in over
$10 million in funding, $7.5 mil-lion
from the National Institutes of
Health alone. These funds support-ed
a wide variety of new research
initiatives, including the creation of
the Center for Innovation in Health
Disparities Research, an important
collaborative initiative with North
Carolina Central University and
Winston-Salem State University to
recruit and train a greater number
of minority nurses, to conduct more
culturally competent research and
to develop innovative methodologies
in health disparities research.
Of course, our researchers could
not do their work without your con-tinued
support. On behalf of each
scientist at the School of Nursing, I
thank you for all that you do, from
sharing your time and resources to
representing the SON so well in our
communities. I hope you enjoy this
issue dedicated to the health of
North Carolina and wish you and
your family another healthy and
happy year.
Sincerely,
Sandra G. Funk, PhD, FAAN
Professor and Associate Dean for
Research
Dear Alumni and Friends,
Many people know North
Carolina as the home of the Outer
Banks, the loblolly pine and the
best barbecue and basketball
around, yet do enough of us know
that we’re among the top states in
our nation for contracting diabetes
and cardiovascular disease? Or that
our Latino population, the nation’s
largest minority group and the
state’s fasting growing population,
faces ongoing disparity in the avail-ability
and quality of patient care
right here in our own backyard?
What exactly is the state of health
for North Carolina’s nearly 8.3 mil-lion
citizens, and what is your School
of Nursing doing to improve it?
This year’s issue of the Research
FROM THE Associate Dean
Carolina
NURSING
On the cover: Research assistant
Brent Woodard tests blood samples
from North Carolina schoolchildren
for Dr. Joanne Harrell’s study on risk
factors for cardiovascular disease
and type 2 diabetes.
2 For the Health of North Carolina:
How SON Researchers Are Improving
the Well-Being of Our State
10 The Genetics Revolution at UNC: One Nurse’s View
12 From A Different Perspective:
UNC’s International Nurse Researchers
14 Interdisciplinary Research:
A Team-Based Approach to Improving Health
16 Centers of Activity: An Update on CRCI and CIHDR Projects
18 Research Space: The Next Frontier
19 In Brief
21 Faculty Research Activity 2002-2003
21 Faculty Research Grants
23 Education and Professional Grants
24 Faculty Publications
27 Doctoral Student and Post-Doctoral Fellow Activities
Carolina Nursing is published by The University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of
Nursing for the School’s alumni and friends.
Dean
Linda R. Cronenwett, PhD, RN, FAAN
Executive Content Editor
Sandra G. Funk, PhD, FAAN
Professor and Associate Dean for Research
Managing Editor
Sunny Smith Nelson
Contributing Writers
Brittany Dunstan
Jim Vickers
Photography
Janna Dieckmann, PhD, RN
Brittany Dunstan
Jean Goeppinger, PhD, RN, FAAN
Norma Singleton Hawthorne
Kabira Kirby
Sunny Smith Nelson
Anne Aldridge Webb
Design and Production
Alison Duncan Design
Research Support Center Staff
Dana Hunter
Gregory Workman
Office of Advancement
Norma Singleton Hawthorne, Director
Anne Aldridge Webb, Associate Director,
Alumni Affairs and Annual Fund
Sunny Smith Nelson, Associate Director,
Public Relations and Communications
Brittany Dunstan, Health Affairs
Communications Intern
School of Nursing
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Carrington Hall, CB# 7460
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7460
(919) 966-4619
E-mail: sonalum@unc.edu
http://nursing.unc.edu
Research Chronicle Edition
IN THIS EDITION
2 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
How SON Researchers Are Improving
the Well-Being of Our State
NORTH CAROLINA IS A STATE OF MANY COMPLEXITIES. After many
years as a state made up of small, scattered farms, half of its population is
concentrated now in urban areas such as Charlotte, the Piedmont and the
Triangle. The state is one of the biggest producers and consumers of tobac-co
in the country, yet its governor, in a former post as the state’s attorney
general, brought litigation against the nation’s major tobacco companies
and won a multi-billion dollar suit. Nearly one-quarter of its population
has earned a baccalaureate degree, yet nearly 13% still live in poverty. And
then there’s the issue of the state’s health. Located in the area known as the
nation’s “stroke belt,��� the state has serious problems with illnesses such as
diabetes, heart disease, obesity and cancer. Yet the state is also home to sev-eral
of the country’s preeminent health-care research institutions, includ-ing
UNC and Duke University. What are these health-care providers doing
to improve the health of the state, and what kind of impact is their research
having on its 8.3 million residents? Here at the School of Nursing,
researchers are touching the lives of premature babies, cancer survivors, the
chronically ill and new immigrants through groundbreaking research
projects. Highlighted here are a few examples of how the SON’s researchers
are working for the health of North Carolina.
For the Health
of North Carolina
by Sunny Smith Nelson
Depression can be a serious and
debilitating problem for many
Hispanic mothers new to North
Carolina. Many are unfamiliar with
the language and culture; they may
be struggling to make ends meet;
and they have children to care for
without their usual network of fam-ily
and friends to help. Low-income
Hispanic mothers are, in fact, at an
increased risk for developing
depression because of these com-bined
social factors. Any form of
depression that lasts at least six
months at a time for a mother can
have negative effects on her chil-dren,
too. They may not get the
attention and developmental stimu-lation
they need to properly build
healthy cognitive, emotional and
social capabilities during the criti-cal
years from birth to three years
of age. This, in turn, places the
children at increased risk for their
own problems, including speech
and attention disorders and their
own form of depression.
SON professor Dr. Linda Beeber
recently began a study funded by
the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services Administration for
Children and Families to help these
low-income Hispanic mothers bet-ter
cope with their depression. The
study, known as Alas, which is
Spanish for “wings,” is the first to
develop and test a home-based
intervention specifically for non-
English speaking Hispanic mothers
with symptoms of depression. The
intervention, conducted in Spanish
and reflective of Hispanic cultural
values, pairs non-Spanish speaking
to the people of North Carolina
since we rank first in the nation in
the relative growth of newly immi-grated
citizens who are of Hispanic
origin,” says Beeber. “We believe it
will contribute to the growing net-work
of resources that will help our
Latino community create a promis-ing
future for their children. And
while this is a test of an innovative
model of intervention for depressive
symptoms in Latina mothers, it can
be replicated with other non-
English speaking populations in
need of mental health support. My
hope is that people of many differ-ent
cultures and origins can one
day benefit from this work as well.”
The Alas study is working to improve the mental and emotional
well-being of low-income Latina mothers and their children.
2002–2003 3
psychiatric-mental health nurses
and Early Head Start (EHS) bilin-gual
staff members as a team to
make home visits over 19 weeks to
Hispanic mothers in Asheville and
Chapel Hill.
The team works with each
mother on interpersonal problem
areas that contribute to her depres-sive
symptoms, such as her rela-tionships
with those close to her
and how they can affect how she
feels. “By monitoring her feelings
on a weekly basis, the mother can
learn how to put her feelings into
context,” says Beeber. “She finds
that those feelings don’t come out
of the blue, but are dependent on
what is happening in her life.”
Based on how the mother feels, the
intervention team offers specific,
repetitive coping skills for the
mother to practice, from learning
how to better manage conflict to
better differentiating between good
and bad comforts. Fathers are
involved in the intervention, too.
The team visits alternate with a
“booster” session conducted by the
nurse on call by cell phone. The
intervention gives the mother the
support she needs while empower-ing
her to independently recognize
and deal with her symptoms,
explains Beeber. At the end of the
intervention, the mother and inter-vention
team create a list of her
accomplishments during their time
together and either secure further
care for the mother or provide her
with resources should a recurrence
of symptoms occur.
“This study is especially relevant
For the Health of North Carolina
WESTERN NC:
Giving Mothers Their “Wings” to Fly
4 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
to the aforementioned study in that
its goal is to help those who have
been diagnosed with cancer deal
with the psychological effects of the
disease; in this case, however, they
are survivors who face enduring
uncertainty about the possibility of
recurrence and possible long-term
health problems related to cancer
treatment. Participants of this
National Cancer Institute-funded
study include older women who
have been cancer-free for five years.
They receive a self-delivered inter-vention
consisting of a tape player
and a set of audiotapes of cognitive
strategies to help them deal with
events that trigger feelings of uncer-
Many cancer patients speak of
uncertainty when talking about
their disease—uncertainty in
choosing a treatment option,
uncertainty in how it will change
their bodies, uncertainty in the face
of recurrence. Often, in the back of
their minds, are the doubts and
dreads that nag. Doctors and nurses
work hard to allay these fears, but
is there one word, one course of
action, that works better than
another? Dr. Merle Mishel, Kenan
distinguished professor at the SON,
and Dr. Barbara Germino, the
SON’s Beerstecher Blackwell profes-sor
in thanatology, are working on
two studies to learn how to help
cancer patients and survivors better
manage their uncertainty.
In “Decision-Making Under
Uncertainty Prostate Cancer,”
Mishel and Germino are testing
whether a patient education booklet
and a videotape with vignettes of
strategies for communicating with
the doctor that they developed,
supplemented with nurse contact
to help patients use the materials,
will be effective in helping both
Caucasian and African American
men diagnosed with localized
prostate cancer become better
informed and more active partici-pants
in the decision-making
process with their doctor. The study
is funded by the National Institute
of Nursing Research and the
National Cancer Institute at the
National Institutes of Health.
Mishel and Germino believe
the training is necessary because,
although prostate cancer is the sec-ond
most common type of cancer
in American men, no universally
recommended treatment exists for
the disease and most men opt for
the treatment their doctor special-izes
in without fully considering all
their options.
“Our goals for the study are to
see if the decision-making training
can help men recently diagnosed
with prostate cancer become more
informed about the range of treat-ment
options available to them,”
says Mishel. “A second important
goal is to see if the decision-making
training enables men to more fully
ask questions and get the informa-tion
they want from their health-care
providers.”
“Managing Uncertainty in Older
Breast Cancer Survivors” is similar
For the Health of
PIEDMONT:
Learning to Live with the
Uncertainty of Cancer
2002–2003 5
Drs. Barbara Germino and Merle Mishel (middle, left to right) work with research team members Sharon Coop (far
left) and Gail Fuller (far right) on a study to help men suffering from prostate cancer become more active participants
in the treatment decision-making process with their health-care providers.
tainty about breast cancer recur-rence.
They also receive a manual
that contains information on how
to manage long-term side effects
from cancer treatment and
resources for more assistance.
Nurses make follow-up calls to help
them learn the skills taught in the
materials.
At this point in the study, says
Mishel, the research team has iden-tified
significant gains in women
who received the intervention as
compared to those in the control
group. Both Caucasian and African
American women who received the
intervention improved in their abil-ity
to see their illness in a more
positive light, they had more
knowledge about the disease and
they showed fewer symptoms of
long-term side effects. They also
improved in their ability to manage
the triggers of uncertainty about
recurrence by using coping self-statements
and by engaging in less
catastrophizing about negative out-comes.
In addition, they reported
significantly greater access to infor-mation
and found the information
more helpful.
“Long-term survivors of breast
cancer often face physical and emo-tional
changes which can continue
years after treatment is finished,”
says Germino. “We are very pleased
to find that this nursing interven-tion
helps long-term cancer
survivors manage their fears of
recurrence and the long-term side
effects of treatment.”
North Carolina
6 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
Odds are, if you grew up in a
small, rural town in the South, you
knew someone with type 2 diabetes.
The disease is common among
Southerners no matter their cultur-al
heritage and is due, in part, to a
diet heavy in fried and sugary foods
and a sedentary lifestyle. With so
much in the headlines nowadays
about the importance of diet and
exercise, why is it that the disease is
so prevalent in the region, particu-larly
among rural and low-income
populations? According to Dr. Anne
Skelly, an associate professor at the
SON, no effective, culturally compe-tent
interventions have been devel-oped
to help these folks prevent the
disease. That’s why she’s been
spending so much time in a small,
rural town in Chatham County,
North Carolina lately.
Skelly is the principal investiga-tor
of “Type 2 Diabetes: Ethnic
Variation in Knowledge and Belief,”
a study funded by the National
Institute of Nursing Research at the
National Institutes of Health. She
and her co-investigators, Drs. Will
Gesler and Molly Dougherty of UNC
and Dr. Thomas Arcury of Wake
Forest University, are working with
at-risk rural and low-income indi-viduals
in Chatham County to study
their knowledge levels and beliefs
about the disease, and in particular
where they are receiving this infor-mation.
Around 120 European
American, African American and
Latino men and women between
the ages of 30 and 60 are being
followed to learn what they know
about the causes of the disease, how
it affects the body, how to treat it
and where to turn in the communi-ty
for information on the issue.
Their sources for information on
the disease are being mapped,
which helps Skelly and her research
team learn how this ethnically
diverse community’s beliefs con-verge,
differ and overlap. By better
understanding the belief systems of
these different populations, Skelly
believes health-care researchers can
better develop culturally appropri-ate,
community-based strategies to
prevent or delay the disease.
“The exciting news in diabetes
research is that we now have strong
evidence that type 2 diabetes can be
prevented or delayed with the use of
modest lifestyle interventions such
as diet and physical activity,” she
says. “What are needed are effective,
culturally-sensitive strategies to
assist high-risk individuals in
making these changes.”
For the Health of
Dr. Anne Skelly hopes
she will be able to
develop culturally
appropriate, commu-nity-
based prevention
strategies for diabetes
by learning what rural
North Carolinians
know about the dis-ease
and where they
get that information.
PHOTO COURTESY OF APRIL SOWARD
CENTRAL NC:
Sweet Tea, Candied Yams and
Fried Chicken: How Do You Beat
Type 2 Diabetes in the South?
2002–2003 7
Ask a kid nowadays what his or
her favorite game is, and you’ll
probably get an answer like “Sony
Playstation 2’s Grand Theft Auto”
video game instead of hide and seek
or kickball. Children and adoles-cents
of the twenty-first century are
far more sedentary than their par-ents
or grandparents ever were, with
the majority of their free time spent
in front of a television or computer.
This immobile form of fun is start-ing
to take its toll on the health of
today’s kids, as evidenced by the
alarming rise in weight and type 2
diabetes that is showing up in
youth under the age of 18.
Dr. Joanne Harrell, a professor
at the SON and the director of the
Center for Research on Chronic
Illness in Vulnerable People, is
principal investigator of a study
known as CHIC III, short for
Cardiovascular Health in Children
and Youth. The study, funded by the
National Institute of Nursing
Research at the National Institutes
of Health, is an investigation of the
childhood development of several
risk factors for cardiovascular dis-ease
and type 2 diabetes and the
aggregation of those factors over
time. CHIC III is following thou-sands
of North Carolina elementary,
middle and high school children
across all stages of puberty, measur-ing
such things as blood pressure,
body mass index, body fat, waist
circumference, insulin, glucose and
lipid levels, eating habits, physical
activity and smoking. Family histo-ries
of cardiovascular disease and
diabetes are taken from parents,
and all the factors are added
together and evaluated to determine
if a child runs a high risk of devel-oping
the diseases.
From her research, Harrell has
learned that school-based interven-tions,
both in the classroom and on
the playground, are very important.
Kids need to get more health educa-tion
and more exercise while in
school. She has tested different
interventions that feature combina-tions
of these two components, try-ing
to determine which is the best
mix for today’s kids. Her results
could impact how North Carolina’s
schoolchildren exercise and play for
years to come.
“We have found that almost
half of the children we are studying
are obese or overweight,” says
Harrell. “There is an urgent need to
increase physical activity, decrease
sedentary activities such as TV view-ing
and computer games, and
improve eating habits in our children.
Families, schools, communities and
legislators must work together to
help combat this epidemic.”
North Carolina
Dr. Joanne Harrell and her research
team are working with thousands
of North Carolina school children to
determine their risk for cardiovas-cular
disease and diabetes.
PHOTO COURTESY OF KABIRA KIRBY
Healthier
Hearts for
Today’s
“CHICs”
8 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
African Americans with arthritis
and other chronic health problems
in eastern North Carolina now have
38 more trained advocates working
in their communities to help them
deal with their conditions thanks to
the “Yes We Can!” project. Directed
by Dr. Jean Goeppinger and imple-mented
with community partners
from Craven, Jones and Pamlico
counties, the project recently
trained 38 residents from the three
counties to act as workshop leaders
and community coordinators. As
such, they will teach persons with
arthritis and other chronic condi-tions
like diabetes and heart disease
how to deal with their symptoms,
pain, and fatigue; plan and imple-ment
an individualized exercise
program; and manage other chal-lenges
related to living a healthy
life with chronic health problems.
The workshop leaders and com-munity
coordinators are part of a
larger study funded by the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention to learn which of two
community-based, disease self-management
programs, the
Arthritis Self-Help Course (ASHC) or
the Chronic Disease Self-
Management Program (CDSMP), is
the most effective in helping per-sons
with arthritis and other chron-ic
conditions. The study is the first
to compare the effectiveness of the
two programs for persons with
arthritis and to place a particular
emphasis on studying their
effectiveness among rural and
African American populations. The
community coordinators will publi-cize
the disease-management work-shops
in their communities and
assist with participant recruitment
and enrollment.
“Arthritis is one of two leading
causes of disability in the U.S. and
the second most common co-mor-bid
condition,” says Goeppinger, a
professor who holds joint appoint-ments
with the schools of nursing
and public health. “People with
chronic diseases such as arthritis
live 24 hours a day, seven days a
week with their diseases. They need
to learn how to live well with their
chronic diseases by becoming good
self-managers. This study will
determine which program is most
helpful in accomplishing that goal.”
PHOTO COURTESY OF DR. JEAN GOEPPINGER
For the Health of
EASTERN NC:
“Yes We Can!” Project a Community Success
Dr. Jean Goeppinger is working with several community partners in eastern North Carolina, including Stephanie
Fisher, pictured here, to help those with arthritis learn to manage their symptoms better and to implement an
exercise plan to improve their quality of life.
2002–2003 9
Childhood is by far the most
definitive time in a person’s life
developmentally. From learning to
sit up or walk to recognizing social
cues and acceptable behavior, the
first few years of a child’s life can
determine how they act, think and
feel for the rest of their lives. As a
parent, you want to give your child
all the tools necessary to help them
develop into happy, healthy adults.
And as the parent of a premature
infant, you would want to give
them even more to make up for
what Mother Nature was not able to
give them. But what do you do if
you are the parent of a premature
infant and live in a rural area with-out
access to all the necessary serv-ices?
And what if you don’t really
know what those necessary services
are, or aren’t sure how you’d pay
for them if you did? How do you
deal with the stress of having a pre-mature
child and all the challenges
associated with it? Dr. Diane
Holditch-Davis and Dr. Margaret
Miles are working to help mothers
with these concerns.
Holditch-Davis and Miles are
the lead researchers of “Nursing
Support Intervention of Mothers
with Prematures,” also called the
MOMS Project, a National Institute
of Nursing Research-funded study
to examine the effectiveness of a
culturally congruent intervention to
support rural African American
mothers of premature babies from
the time the babies are receiving
intermediate care to the age of 18
months. They hope that by improv-ing
the psychological well-being of
the mothers and helping them
identify resources for their children,
the mothers will improve their rela-tionships
with their children and
seek and prolong the use of child
health developmental services. The
infants ideally will gain by being in
more developmentally supportive
environments than they might have
received without the intervention.
Thus far, 212 mothers and their
high-risk premature babies have
been recruited for the study and are
being followed until the children
are at 24 months of age, corrected
for prematurity. The mothers
receive encouraging, instructive vis-its
and phone calls from Holditch-
Davis, Miles and the research team,
and the mothers’ psychological
well-being and the babies’ develop-mental
status are measured using a
series of tests. With the support of
caring nurses, Holditch-Davis and
Miles hope the mothers will be able
to support themselves and their tiny
children even better.
“There is nothing harder for a
mother than the critical illness of
her child,” says Holditch-Davis.
“The MOMS Project aims to help
mothers deal with these feelings
and find resources to help so they
can better meet the needs of their
pre-term infants.”
North Carolina
Research team members Shannon Wong and Jackie Fowler Pilgrim discuss
the MOMS Project, a study by Drs. Diane Holditch-Davis and Margaret Miles
to help African American mothers of premature babies find the resources
they need to help their babies.
Support In a Time of Need
10 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
Van Riper, an associate professor
at the School of Nursing, renders
those judgments with the authority
of one who was engaged in the
research of genetic-related health
problems a half decade before the
gene-mapping project began in
1990. Her experiences as a graduate
Van Riper, an associate professor at
the School of Nursing, renders these
judgements with the authority of
one who was engaged in the
research of genetic-related health
problems a half decade before the
gene-mapping project began in
1990. Her experiences as a graduate
student, doctoral candidate and fac-ulty
member with studies on fami-lies’
responses to testing for Down
syndrome and the birth of children
with the disorder all led to an
epiphany, as she calls it. When
attending a genetics summer insti-tute
for nursing faculty, she realized
the need to include genetic content
in her research, teaching and prac-tice
if she wanted to keep pace with
the genetics revolution. It was, she
says, the beginning of her life’s work.
A successful proposal to the
National Institute of Nursing
Research for a three-year mentored
research scientist development
award entitled “Family Experience
of Genetic Testing: Ethical
Dimensions” followed in 2000, and
Van Riper joined UNC’s faculty in
2001, transferring her research
project and knowledge to the campus.
UNC Chancellor James Moeser
was working on genetics initiatives
for UNC around that time as well.
In February 2001, Moeser
announced a new genomics center
that would be funded by a public-private
investment of more than
$245 million over the next 10 years.
The Carolina Center for Genome
Sciences (CCGS) would involve fac-ulty
from the College of Arts and
Sciences and the Schools of
Information and Library Science,
Law, Medicine, Nursing, Public
Health, Pharmacy and Dentistry. Dr.
Terry Magnuson, an internationally
respected geneticist, was chosen to
lead the initiative. Recognizing Van
Riper’s expertise, he asked her to
help coordinate the Center’s efforts
concerning the ethical, legal, and
social implications (ELSI) of recent
advances in genetics. As a result,
Van Riper and colleagues from
across campus will lead a class on
ELSI this upcoming spring. A
health affairs interdisciplinary
grant is funding the course.
“Recent advances in genetics made possible through the Human
Genome Project have revolutionized the field of health care, and nurs-es
are in an ideal position to help individuals and families maximize
the benefits of the genetic revolution. But first, nurses need a working
knowledge of human genetics, an awareness of recent advances in the
field of genetics, and an understanding of the potential effects of
genetic discoveries on individual and family well-being.”
—MARCIA VAN RIPER, PHD, RN
The Genetics Revolution at UNC:
One Nurse’s View
by Jim Vickers
PHOTO COURTESY OF DR. MARCIA VAN RIPER
“This course will give faculty
and students from a wide variety of
disciplines an opportunity to come
together to discuss possible ways to
address important ethical, legal,
and social issues related to
advances in genetics and
genomics,” she notes.
Even with a full work load as a
CCGS member, associate professor
and founding fellow of the UNC
Institute of Arts and Humanities
Ethics Program, Van Riper is in the
process of finishing data collection
for her study of how individuals
and families define and manage
ethical issues that emerge during
four types of genetic testing —
prenatal screening for Down syn-drome,
carrier testing for cystic
fibrosis (CF), BRCA 1 & 2 testing
for families at high risk for breast
cancer and mutation analysis for
Huntington disease. She is using a
mixed-method design to explore
the experiences of more than 40
families using in-depth semi-struc-tured
interviews and self-report
measures. Preliminary findings
underscore the need to use a family
perspective when exploring the ethi-cal
issues that emerge from genetic
testing. Ethical issues encountered
by families in the study include
concerns about privacy, informed
consent, freedom of choice in
reproductive decisions, insurability,
discrimination and stigmatization.
“A number of family members have
made a point of noting that the
decision to undergo genetic testing
is a very personal experience,” she
says, “and no two individuals are
affected by the experience in the
same way.”
Van Riper recently submitted a
proposal for a pilot study to explore
how families from diverse cultural
backgrounds make sense of and use
genetic testing results from four of
the most widely performed genetic
tests, including prenatal screening
for Down syndrome, screening for
sickle cell anemia, BRCA 1 & 2 test-ing
and mutation analysis for the
Factor V Leiden gene. If funded, the
pilot study will move Van Riper’s
research on the family experience
of being tested for and living with a
genetic condition further toward the
prediction of individual and family
outcomes following genetic testing.
In addition, it will provide a basis
for the development and testing of
tailored, culturally sensitive individ-ual
and family-centered interven-tions
to improve the experience and
outcomes for persons undergoing
genetic testing.
Quoting one of her mentor’s,
Eric Juengst, the first chief of the
Ethical, Legal and Social
Implications Branch of the
National Center for Human
Genome Research at NIH, Van
Riper says, “The promise of accessi-ble
genetic information lies in its
ability to allow individuals and
families to identify, understand and
sometimes control their inherited
health risks. This promise puts the
individual and families that receive
genetic services at the moral center
of the enterprise: if genetic assess-ment
is to be judged a success, it
must be from the recipient's point of
view, in terms of their ability to use
the information to enrich their lives.
“The pace and enormity of
recent genetic discoveries has made
it virtually impossible for nurses not
to be involved in some aspect of
genetic health care. My goal is to
get our students excited about
genetics and help them see how they
can make a critical differences in
the lives of families being tested for
and living with genetic conditions.”
Dr. Marcia Van Riper is working with many families, including those of
babies with Down syndrome, to better understand how families define and
manage ethical issues that emerge during genetic testing.
2002–2003 11
PHOTO COURTESY OF DR. MARCIA VAN RIPER
12 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
by Brittany Dunstan
“Pain isn’t just a simple word,”
says Nada Lukkahatai, a fourth-year
doctoral nursing student at
Carolina. “My time here at UNC
has helped me learn that.”
Lukkahatai has seen a great
deal of pain in her time as a nurse
in her native Thailand. She spent
several years caring for cancer
patients, helping them manage
their pain through mental and spir-itual
techniques. Medications are
not as heavily relied upon in
Thailand as they are in the United
States, she explains, which was a
surprising discovery for her when
she came to the U.S. to study
Western pain management.
“For pain relief, Thai patients
often rely on non-narcotic medica-tion
and their ability to cope,”
explains Lukkahatai. “Buddhism is
the religion of the majority of the
Thai people, and Buddhists believe
in impermanence and non-self-hood
and are more accepting of
suffering because of their beliefs.
According to Buddhist teachings,
once a person learns to let go of
one’s ‘self,’ he or she becomes free
from suffering. In light of the
importance of these beliefs, I won-dered
if Thai cancer patients per-ceive
pain differently from how
Western studies have shown the
majority of Western patients per-ceive
pain. I wanted to know if cul-
From a Different Perspective:
UNC’s International
Nurse Researchers
tural influences, including religious
and spiritual beliefs, affected how
people responded to and coped with
pain. I knew if this proved to be
true that different, culturally
informed strategies for pain man-agement
should be explored.”
Lukkahatai traveled back to her
homeland to conduct her research,
where cancer is the second leading
cause of death. The cancer patients
in her sample answered a series of
questionnaires, and Lukkahatai
says her preliminary results have
been fairly on target with her
expectations. “To achieve the most
effective pain treatment, multidi-mensional
strategies are required,”
she says. “Knowledge about inte-grating
biological, psychological
and sociocultural factors of pain is
essential. Understanding the influ-ence
of culture on the cancer pain
experience is one clinical challenge
health-care professionals are facing
worldwide in improving pain man-agement.”
Lukkahatai graduates in
December and will return to
Thailand to teach and share her
findings with other nurses who care
for cancer patients. She eventually
hopes to return to the U.S. to do
further research as a post-doctoral
student and would like to work
again with her dissertation team
comprised of Drs. Jo Ann Dalton,
Barbara Germino, Michael Belyea,
Julie Barroso and Frances Keefe, all
“Medications are not
as heavily relied
upon in Thailand
as they are in the
United States…For
pain relief, Thai
patients often rely
on non-narcotic
medication and
their ability to cope,”
explains Lukkahatai.
PHOTO COURTESY OF NADA LUKKAHATAI
Nada Lukkahatai, a native of
Thailand, is exploring the relation-ship
between religiosity and pain
management.
seasoned researchers who she says
helped her see pain from a different
perspective.
Hyekyun Rhee is on the opposite
side of the tassel from Lukkahatai,
having graduated from the SON’s
PhD program in 2002. Originally
from Korea, Rhee decided to stay in
the US after her studies and cur-rently
is serving as an assistant pro-fessor
of nursing at the University of
Virginia. Like Lukkahatai, her expe-rience
as a UNC doctoral student
was a formative one, where she
learned to see nursing research in a
new light.
“My research interests focus on
adolescent health,” she explains,
“which is a matter of serendipity,
really. When I was searching for a
dissertation topic, my advisor, Dr.
Margaret Miles, suggested I look at
data from a newly available nation-al
longitudinal study of adolescent
health. From that database, I was
able to do secondary data analyses
that explored the prevalence of
physical symptoms such as
headache and abdominal pains in
healthy adolescents and how these
symptoms were related to ecological
and developmental factors.”
Her UNC research, found with a
little luck and a helpful faculty
member, has provided her with a
solid base that is helping her now
springboard into other areas of
research she might not have con-sidered
before, Rhee says.
2002–2003 13
Originally from Korea but now
a faculty member at UVA’s
nursing school, Hyekyun Rhee
says UNC is where she first
developed her nursing research
interests.
“I feel very blessed to
work in such a sup-portive
environment
as UVA’s SON, and I
am grateful to UNC
mentors, particularly
Dr. Miles, who helped
me start my
research career…”
—HYEKYUN RHEE
“I am still interested in
researching adolescent health
issues in the context of develop-mental
science as I did at UNC, but
now I’m becoming more interested
in the health of adolescents with
chronic conditions.”
This summer, Rhee received
intramural funding to support the
development of a program of
research on adolescents with asth-ma.
She hopes to learn if a cogni-tive-
behavioral intervention focus-ing
on enhancing the quality of
decision-making is effective in
reducing risk behaviors in adoles-cents
with asthma.
In addition to her own study,
Rhee has been involved as a co-investigator
in a newly funded
research project studying adoles-cents’
smoking behavior.
“Being a brand-new faculty
member, I’m spending a lot of time
preparing lectures, writing manu-scripts
for publication and submit-ting
grant proposals,” she says. “I
feel very blessed to work in such a
supportive environment as UVA’s
SON, and I am grateful to UNC
mentors, particularly Dr. Miles, who
helped me start my research career.
Thanks to looking into an unex-pected
research interest, I plan to
continue to build my professional
career as a competent educator and
researcher by enhancing my expert-ise
in this field.”
PHOTO COURTESY OF HYEKYUN RHEE
14 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
Not only are they leaders of
research teams comprised of scien-tists
from multiple disciplines, they
are important contributors to other
scientists’ work as well.
The National Institutes of
Health and other federal funding
sources recognize the importance of
this cross-pollination of sciences,
favoring proposals that involve
interdisciplinary collaborations
to encourage scientists to learn
methods and theoretical perspec-tives
outside of their own fields.
Carolina’s nurse researchers cer-tainly
recognize the contributions
the interdisciplinary approach can
make to increase the knowledge
base of nursing. More than a dozen
current SON research projects
involve researchers from other fields.
In a study based in central
North Carolina, principal investiga-tor
Dr. Anne Skelly, a nurse sociolo-gist,
and co-principal investigator
Dr. Molly Dougherty, a nurse
anthropologist, are studying 120
low-income African Americans,
Latinos, and European Americans
aged 30 to 60 to gather information
necessary to create culturally appro-priate
community-based strategies
to prevent and delay the expression
of type 2 diabetes. Both of these
SON professors offer an important
set of research skills and experi-ences
from prior studies that
enhance their current collabora-tion.
Skelly is an associate professor
of nursing who is known for her
work on type 2 diabetes, particular-ly
with minority communities,
while Dougherty, the Frances Hill
Fox professor of nursing, is a
nationally recognized expert in
women’s health, aging and com-munity-
based interventions.
A key feature of their research is
precisely mapping the locations of
the sources from which members of
the different groups obtain infor-mation
about diabetes. For authori-tative
assistance they are collabo-rating
with co-investigator Dr.
Wilbert Gesler of the UNC
Geography Department. Well-informed
on the global positioning
system and the co-author of
Medical Geography, Gesler is an
internationally recognized expert in
a field originated by Dr. John Snow
in the nineteenth century when he
mapped the residences of cholera
victims in London and thereby
traced the source of the disease to a
single water pump. Gesler’s most
recent book, Healing Places, ana-lyzes
the effects of environment on
healing.
“Interdisciplinary research
enhances our understanding of the
phenomena under study,” explains
Skelly. “In our present work, look-ing
at the knowledge and beliefs of
individuals at high-risk for dia-betes,
our team was able to use the-ories
from the disciplines of nurs-ing,
anthropology, sociology and
Interdisciplinary Research:
A Team-Based Approach to
Improving Health
Forget your ideas of nurse researchers in their starched white
uniforms holding patients’ hands while taking notes on vital
signs. Today’s nurse researchers are often experts in a variety
of scientific specialties, from genetics to geography, and
are skilled at integrating technology and theory to produce
comprehensive approaches to treatment.
by Jim Vickers
Dr. Barbara Waag Carlson's research team features
scientists from many different disciplines. Featured
here are Carlson, Charles Leonard, a biochemistry
and microbiology graduate student at North
Carolina State University, and Sebrina Wiggins, a
doctoral student in Pennsylvania State University's
biobehavioral health department.
medical geography to develop
explanatory models of diabetes to
guide the development of cultural-ly-
sensitive, community-based
diabetes prevention programs.”
Collecting data from 106 adults
aged 70 and greater, Dr. Barbara
Waag Carlson and co-investigator
Dr. Virginia Neelon are measuring
respiratory periodicity (breathing
patterns involving repetitive cycles
of increased amplitude separated by
intervals of either apnea or hypop-nea)
and cerebral oxygenation dur-ing
sleep to predict their effect on
cognitive decline. Carlson, an asso-ciate
professor, is trained in experi-mental
psychology as well as biobe-havioral
nursing and is well versed
in measuring brain activities and
the development of minimally
intrusive research instruments.
Neelon, the director of the SON’s
Biobehavioral Lab, is a nurse physi-ologist
and internationally respect-ed
for her work with older adults,
having developed the NEECHAM
Confusion Scale for measuring
acute confusion in elders. This is
the fourth research project on
which Dr. Marilyn Hartman of the
UNC Department of Psychology and
Dr. Sunil Dogra of the UNC School
of Medicine have worked with
Carlson and Neelon, and once
again their specialized knowledge
and abilities are crucial to a suc-cessful
outcome. As a licensed clini-cal
psychologist and an expert in
age-associated memory and atten-tion
changes, Hartman is oversee-ing
the collection and interpreta-tion
of cognitive data. As an anes-thesiologist
specializing in the
influence of states of arousal on
pain thresholds, Dogra is reviewing
health and functional assessments
by a nurse practitioner and inter-preting
sleep-structure data. Both
assist Carlson in training assistants
to administer the memory test and
assess health functions.
Dr. Chris McQuiston began
studying sexually transmitted dis-eases
and women in 1989 when she
was teaching at the University of
Akron. Shortly after her arrival in
Chapel Hill in 1994, she expanded
her program to include African
Americans, European Americans
and Hispanics. Then in 1997 she
concentrated her focus on Mexican
immigrants in the Triangle region.
In her current study, “Gender,
Migration, and HIV Risks among
Mexicans,” she has enlisted as a co-investigator
Dr. Emilio Parrado
from the Department of Sociology
at Duke University. Parrado has
studied Mexican migration since
1991, gaining astute knowledge as
a researcher and project manager
2002��2003 15
of the Mexican Migration Project
(MMP) conducted at the University
of Pennsylvania, during which he
was intimately involved in conduct-ing
“ethnosexual” surveys in
Mexican and sister-American com-munities.
McQuiston, an associate
professor at the SON, is employing
the MMP survey method and has
benefited from Parrado’s experience
in having conducted fieldwork in
both countries and in having
designed both the MMP questionnaire
and data management programs.
While these experts from other
disciplines and campuses enhance
SON research, SON researchers have
been enriching projects in other
UNC divisions and on other cam-puses.
Among them, Kenan profes-sor
and cancer expert Dr. Merle
Mishel is the principal investigator
in a study of men diagnosed with
prostate cancer being conducted as
part of a consortium by Dr. James
Mohler of the UNC School of
Medicine. Skelly, in addition to
serving as principal investigator of
her own study, serves as a co-inves-tigator
of a study on rural elders’
diabetes self-management now
underway at Wake Forest University
and as a consultant to Dr. Sharon
Utz’s University of Virginia-study of
community-based care of African
Americans. SON professor Dr. Jo
Ann Dalton served as a consultant
on pain management for Dr.
Francis Keefe at Duke University in
a recently completed study of
spouse-guided pain management
training and for a continuing study
of assisted coping skills training for
lung cancer patients.
“We are pleased that so many
School of Nursing researchers head
interdisciplinary research teams
and participate on teams from
other disciplines,” notes Dr. Sandra
Funk, associate dean for research.
“Interdisciplinary collaboration is a
hallmark of research at UNC-Chapel
Hill. We are fortunate to
have over 50 centers and institutes
on campus, such as our Center for
Research on Chronic Illness, that
facilitate these collaborations,
thereby strengthening the research
conducted by all faculty.”
Amanda DeWitt, also a research assistant in Carlson's study, is a junior
studying both biology and psychology at UNC. According to Carlson, half of
her research team comes from disciplines other than nursing.
Centers of Activity:
An Update on CRCI and CIHDR Projects
Center for Research
on Chronic Illness
Purpose:
To advance research
on the prevention and
management of chronic
illness in vulnerable people
by funding pilot studies,
developing new investi-gators,
providing
research support and
facilitating dissemination
Established: 1994
Current studies: 25
Funding:
National Institute of
Nursing Research at the
National Institutes of
Health
Center for Innovation
in Health Disparities
Research
Purpose:
A partnership among the
schools of nursing at
North Carolina Central
University, Winston-
Salem State University
and UNC-Chapel Hill to
increase the capacity for
culturally competent
nursing research by
mentoring faculty and
students, funding pilot
studies and developing
and implementing a
series of workshops
designed to promote
innovative methodolo-gies
in health disparities
research
Established: 2002
Current studies: 9
Funding:
National Institute of
Nursing Research and the
National Center on
Minority Health and
Health Disparities at the
National Institutes of
Health
EXPLORING SOLUTIONS to childhood obesity. Encouraging minority students to inves-tigate
their community’s health issues. Recording the rich voices of nurses from previous
eras. These are just a few of the projects supported by the School’s two main research
centers, the Center for Research on Chronic Illness (CRCI) and the Center for Innovation
in Health Disparities Research (CIHDR). These centers provide administrative, financial and
outreach support for the majority of the School of Nursing’s research projects. A pictorial
update of a few of these initiatives is featured on these pages.
Nursing Care for the Chronically Ill:
An Oral History of Nurses and Nursing Assistants, 1950-1970
Carrie Robinson, RN, pictured here on the left in her younger nursing days, and a fellow
registered nurse, now retired, shown on the right with a grace that comes from time and experience,
are both living examples of the importance of a good nurse. These women dedicated many years of
their lives to caring for chronically ill patients in North Carolina, and now their stories will be saved
for posterity thanks to a new project by Dr. Janna Dieckmann and history doctoral candidate Cristina
Nelson. Dieckmann and Nelson traveled the highways and byways of North Carolina this year to
record the stories of the state’s nurses and nursing assistants who cared for the chronically ill between
1950 and 1970. The study, funded as a pilot study by the CRCI, investigates patterns of caregiving for
the chronically ill in order to broaden our understanding of caring for this group today. Additional
project investigators include Dr. Jacqueline Hall and Beth Millwood, director and outreach coordinator
of the Southern Oral History Program respectively, and Dr. Joyce Rasin, SON professor. “It is a
privilege to be able to document the dignity and worth of these nurses who gave dedicated care to
the long-term sick,” says Dieckmann.
16 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
2002–2003 17
REAP
Abu Bangura (left) and Bisola Baruwa (right), nursing students at North
Carolina Central University, are both interested in careers in nursing research.
As members of the local African-American community, they are all too familiar
with the figures on the state of minority health in N.C., which is why they have
signed up to participate in REAP, formally known as the Research Enrichment
and Apprenticeship Program. The program, a joint collaboration between UNC
and NCCU funded by CIHDR, pairs minority nursing students with nurse scien-tists
experienced in health disparities research. Students contribute to faculty
research by collecting and analyzing data and conducting interventions, and
they are given the opportunity to conduct their own original research on a
related health disparity issue. This will be REAP’s third year, and program
directors say they are seeing positive effects already. Several of the student
participants have said they are prepared to pursue careers in minority health
research as a result of the program.
STOPP-T2D
STOPP-T2D, the acronym for Dr. Joanne Harrell’s
“Studies to Treat or Prevent Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes,” is
testing a school-based intervention to increase physical
activity, improve nutrition and prevent type 2 diabetes in
children and adolescents. Type 2 diabetes has increased at
alarming rates over the past decade in youth under 18.
Thus far Harrell and her co-investigators Drs. Robert
McMurray, John Buse, Allan Steckler, Anthony Hackney,
Maihan Vu and Vivian West have worked with hundreds of
middle school students in central and eastern North
Carolina counties, piloting the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test,
changing the PE curriculum to increase minutes of moder-ate
to vigorous physical activity in each class, reducing fat
and calorie content for school lunch entrees, snack bars
and vending machines and increasing consumption of
water by students. This National Institute of Diabetes and
Digestive and Kidney Diseases-funded project may revolu-tionize
the way adolescents eat and exercise at school once
the results are made public upon completion in 2009.
by Sunny Smith Nelson
In 2003, the School of Nursing
boasted 42 faculty members work-ing
as principal investigators, co-principal
investigators or co-investi-gators
of large, extramurally fund-ed
research grants. These
researchers brought in over $10
million to fund their work and
helped thousands of North Carolina
citizens improve their health by
involving them in their studies.
What you won’t find on these scien-tists’
resumes is a skill they’ve per-fected
while working at Carrington
Hall: space utilization.
Here’s how research space in the
SON breaks down: there are approx-imately
4,800 square feet of space
for funded research projects in
Carrington Hall. Divide that among
42 researchers and their 75 to 100
research team members, and that’s
around 34 square feet per person.
In room dimensions, that’s about
5’ x 6’. Not much space to recruit
study participants, hire and train
research assistants, crunch data
and write conclusive reports on
your results. Yet SON researchers
manage to do it everyday.
There is a light at the end of the
tunnel for these researchers,
though. The new addition to
Carrington Hall will more than
double the amount of space dedi-cated
to externally-funded projects
at the SON. The majority of the new
space will be housed on the second
and third floors of the addition and
will feature a climate-controlled
archive room, a welcomed addition
and a far cry from the Carrington
attic where researchers currently
store their data. The addition also
will feature 45 new offices, provid-ing
all research staff with a better
18 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
working environment.
The quality of research per-formed
at the SON doesn’t rest with
the faculty alone, however. Many of
the School’s alumni have commit-ted
to support research excellence at
the SON. The Class of ’56, when
thinking of ways they collectively
could support the School, struck
upon naming the Biobehavioral
Laboratory Suite. “Nursing is a spe-cial
field,” says Jane Sox Monroe
(BSN ’56) who with her husband,
Paul, named the Human Patient
Simulator Laboratory for Critical
Care Skills Development. “We
believe strongly in the program of
the School of Nursing and in the
opportunities that the new addition
will provide.”
Margaret Ferguson Raynor
(BSN ’67) and her husband, Dr.
Bobby C. Raynor, chose to support
the Biobehavioral Lab for
Genomics. “The new building will
allow us to stay at the top of the
practice of nursing while providing
a pleasing learning and working
environment,” says Raynor.
“Important new features include
state-of-the-art technology and
equipment to enable nursing stu-dents
and faculty to remain on the
cutting edge of the practice, thus
ensuring their ability to provide
North Carolina citizens with the
best nursing care possible.”
According to Dr. Maggie Miller,
the assistant dean for student and
faculty services, the new research
space can only add to the quality of
the research produced by the SON.
“The new addition is a testa-ment
to the School’s dedication to
quality research,” she says. “It will
provide an environment that will
match the high caliber research
performed here, and hopefully
make the SON even more attractive
to faculty with established research
programs or those wanting to devel-op
outstanding programs.”
Several opportunities to help
support SON research are available,
from naming labs or suites to con-tributing
to endowed professorships
that will support nationally
renowned faculty researchers. If you
would like to learn more about
these opportunities, contact Norma
Hawthorne at (919) 966-4619 or
norma_hawthorne@unc.edu.
The SON’s researchers thank you
from the bottom of their 5’ x 6’
research spaces.
Research Space:
The Next Frontier
QUICK FACTS
• 21 Funded project areas
• Dedicated archiving space
• Expanded space for the
Research Support Center
• 45 new offices
NAMING OPPORTUNITIES
TO SUPPORT SON RESEARCH
Building Addition, to be
named by donor ($4 million)
Distinguished professorship
($500,000)
Faculty Research Award
($250,000)
Biobehavioral Laboratory Suite
(A Gift of the Class of ’56)
Research Support Center Suite
($200,000)
Associate Dean for Research
Office ($100,000)
Biobehavioral Laboratory
for Genomics Study
(A Gift of Margaret Ferguson
Raynor, BSN ’67, and
Dr. Bobby C. Raynor)
Biobehavioral Laboratory
for Human Factors Study
($100,000)
Biobehavioral Laboratory
for Sleep Study ($100,000)
Research Project Suites
(20 available; $15,000 each)
Two faculty members share this office
originally intended to house one person.
2002–2003 19
The numbers are in, and the School of Nursing is once again in the top
five in several national rankings.
The National Institutes of Health released its research funding rankings
this spring, and the SON placed fourth among nursing schools nationwide
with $7.5 million received in fiscal year 2002 from the agency. That’s a one-year
increase of nearly $1.25 million, enough to bump the SON up a spot in
the national ranking from its fifth place spot in 2001. The University fared well
overall, placing 13th nationwide in grants funded by the NIH, with the SON,
School of Dentistry and School of Public Health all ranking in the top five.
News of this ranking came fast on the heels on the U.S.News & World
Report ranking of the nation’s best graduate schools. The SON maintained
its excellent standing, ranking fifth nationwide for its master’s programs.
The nursing service administration program was ranked third; the SON’s
family nurse practitioner and psychiatric/mental health programs were both
ranked seventh; and the adult nurse practitioner program was ranked ninth.
“As I represent the School of Nursing at meetings across the state and
nation, people come up to me and ask, 'How does UNC-Chapel Hill do it?'”
says Dean Linda Cronenwett. “Indeed, the collective accomplishments of the
faculty, staff and students are astounding, year after year. We aim for excel-lence
and are proud to achieve recognition for our leadership.”
I N B R I E F
An estimated 20 million
Americans are affected by urinary
incontinence, making it a signifi-cant
health concern in the United
States. Nearly $5.2 billion is spent
annually on supplies and services to
treat the condition, but according
to Dr. Mary H. Palmer, Umphlet dis-tinguished
professor in aging at
UNC, the responsibility for promot-ing
continence and treating incon-tinence
lies with health-care
providers, particularly nurses.
Palmer co-led a national con-ference,
funded in part by a grant
from the Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality, on preven-tion,
detection and treatment
options last year, with the recom-mendations
from that conference
appearing in a seminal document
co-edited by Palmer and Diane K.
Newman of the Penn Center for
Continence and Pelvic Health in the
Division of Urology at the University
of Pennsylvania Medical Center.
“State of the Science on Urinary
Incontinence,” an American
Journal of Nursing special supple-ment,
was released this March with
much fanfare, including video press
conferences, press releases and
interviews with national media.
The recommendations reported
by Palmer and Newman include
improving public awareness and
education on the issue; advocating
for more education for nurses on
the condition; improving clinical
care guidelines and practices;
increasing reimbursement for edu-cation,
evaluation, management
and behavioral interventions; and
increasing research that compares
various interventions, involves
minorities and men, and can be
implemented in clinical practice.
An electronic, full-text version of
the issue is available at
www.NursingCenter.com/ui.
Distinguished professor leads conference on UI,
co-edits special AJN supplement on condition
Dr. Mary H. Palmer co-led a national conference on incontinence with
Dr. Diane K. Newman of the Penn Center for Continence and Pelvic Health
and Dr. Diana Mason, editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Nursing.
SON Ranks in Top Five—Again!
University of Washington,
Seattle
University of California,
San Francisco
University of Illinois
at Chicago
University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill
University of Pennsylvania
$13,662,728
42
$10,663,305
41
$8,176,294
28
$7,535,184
21
$5,758,381
19
Total Amount
Total Awards
Top five nursing schools receiving NIH funding
PHOTO COURTESY OF DR. MARY H. PALMER
20 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
Depressive symptoms are more
prevalent, severe and persistent in
many low-income mothers, says Dr.
Linda Beeber, SON professor,
because of the complex life prob-lems
they face with lean resources
and poor social support. These
symptoms can make it hard for
mothers to get the education, job
training or enrichment programs
that can help break them out of
poverty, and their children can suf-fer
emotionally and mentally as
their mothers sink deeper into
depression with no hope of improv-ing
the situation. A new study fund-ed
by the National Institute of
Mental Health that Beeber is lead-ing,
“Reducing Depressive
Symptoms in Low-Income
Mothers,” will seek to help these
mothers break the cycle during the
first three years of their child’s life
when development is so dependent
on a mother’s energy. “Although
awareness of postpartum depression
has increased, maternal depressive
symptoms that last more than six
months at any time during the first
three years of the child’s life can
negatively affect development,”
explains Beeber.
Very similar to a study she also
is conducting with low-income
Hispanic mothers, this research will
test a 5-month intervention to help
African American and Caucasian
mothers effectively function with
their symptoms, manage life issues,
utilize social support available
through public programs and better
parent their children. The study will
work with Early Head Start (EHS)
programs in Orange, Guilford and
McDowell counties, North Carolina;
Asheville, North Carolina; and
Onondaga County, New York.
Beeber and her fellow researchers
will recruit 226 depressed mothers
of children between six weeks and
30 months enrolled in EHS pro-grams
in order to study them at
baseline and 14, 22 and 26 weeks
later to test how effective the
intervention is.
“Few controlled interventions
with high-risk mothers such as
these have been done to date,” says
Beeber. “This study will address this
gap by bringing an intervention
specifically for depressive symptoms
alongside of an already existing
early child intervention program.
By helping these mothers better
utilize EHS resources, the positive
benefits of the intervention can be
maintained and thus result in
lasting benefits for the child as
well as the mother.”
Helping Low-Income Mothers with Depressive Symptoms
Help Themselves
I N B R I E F
More than 84,000 female
inmates are being held now in state
and federal prisons, and many are
at an increased risk for contracting
HIV due to histories of promiscuity,
prostitution or exchange of sex for
drugs. Dr. Cathie Fogel, a professor
at the SON, wants to help them
reduce their risk.
Expanding upon her efforts to
improve the health of incarcerated
women, Fogel this year began her
new study, “Helping Women
Prisoners Reduce HIV Risk After
Release.” The study, funded by the
National Institute of Mental Health,
will continue for five years and test
a primary prevention women-cen-tered
risk reduction intervention
with incarcerated women. The
intervention is designed to help pre-vent
HIV infection by reducing sex-ual
risk behaviors and promoting
sexual protective practices upon
release from prison.
If successful, the proposed inter-vention
will serve as a model for
HIV prevention efforts in women’s
prisons and may be translated for
broader application.
“I am excited to be able to offer
this program to a population of
vulnerable women who are often
forgotten and whose risks are
many,” says Fogel. “It is my hope
that through our work we will be
able to improve the health of the
women and, by extension, their
families and communities.”
Reducing the Risk of HIV in Female Prisoners
ARTHRITIS
Goeppinger, J., Principal Investigator; Schwartz, T.,
Statistician. Comparing ASHC and CDSMP
Outcomes in Arthritis. Association of Schools of
Public Health, Centers for Disease Control, 2002-2004.
CANCER
Mishel, M., Principal Investigator; Germino, B.,
Co- Principal Investigator; Gil, K., Carlton-LaNey, I., &
Belyea, M., Co-Investigators. Managing Uncertainty
in Older Breast Cancer Survivors. National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 1999-2004.
Mishel, M., Principal Investigator; Germino, B.,
Co- Principal Investigator; Beeber, L., Belyea, M.,
Gollop, C., Mohler, J., Co-Investigators. Decision
Making Under Uncertainty in Prostate Cancer.
National Institute of Nursing Research, National
Institutes of Health, 2002-2006.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Brown, D., Principal Investigator. Perceived Stress,
Cortisol and Cardiovascular Responses During
Sleep in Black Women. Center for Research on
Preventing/Managing Chronic Illness in Vulnerable
People, School of Nursing, The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill. National Institute of Nursing
Research, National Institutes of Health, 2003-2004.
Fleury, J., Principal Investigator; Bunker, B., Co-
Investigator; Carlson, J., Statistician. Community-based
Intervention to Promote Cardiovascular
Health. American Heart Association, 1999-2002.
Harrell, J., Principal Investigator; McMurray, R.,
Bangdiwala, S., & Davenport, M., Co-Investigators.
Cardiovascular Health in Children and Youth
(CHIC III). National Institute of Nursing Research,
National Institutes of Health, 2000-2004.
Harrell, J., Principal Investigator; McMurray, R., Co-
Principal Investigator; Bangdiwala, S., Co-
Investigator. Energy Expenditures of Physical
Activities in Youth (EEPAY). National Institute of
Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health,
1998-2002.
CAREGIVING
Rasin, J., Principal Investigator. Caregiving Stress in
Family Care Homes. Junior Faculty Development
Award, The University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, 2002.
Rasin, J., Principal Investigator. Caregiving Stress in
Family Care Homes. Faculty Research Opportunity
Grant, School of Nursing, The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2001-2002.
CHRONIC ILLNESS
Dieckmann, J., Principal Investigator. Caring for the
Chronically Ill in North Carolina and Two
Neighboring States, 1930-1940. Junior Faculty
Development Award, The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 2002.
Dieckmann, J., Principal Investigator; Hall, J., & Rasin,
J., Co-Investigators. Nursing Care for the
Chronically Ill: An Oral History of Nurses and
Nursing Assistants, 1950-1970. Center for Research
on Preventing/Managing Chronic Illness in
Vulnerable People, School of Nursing, The University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. National Institute
of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health,
2002-2003.
Goeppinger, J., Operations Committee Member; Cross, A.,
Principal Investigator. Prevention Research Centers
Program. Centers for Disease Control, 2000-2003.
Harrell, J., Principal Investigator; Funk, S., Co-Principal
Investigator; Leeman, J., Co-Investigator; Holditch-
Davis, D., Mishel, M., & Dougherty, M., Core
Directors. Center for Preventing/Managing Chronic
Illness in Vulnerable People. National Institute of
Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health,
1994-2004.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Christian, B., Principal Investigator; D’Auria, J., Co-
Principal Investigator; Retsch-Bogart, G., & Belyea, M.,
Co-Investigators; Holditch-Davis, D., Senior
Research Consultant. Building Life Skills in Children
with Cystic Fibrosis. National Institute of Nursing
Research, National Institutes of Health, 1998-2002.
DEPRESSION
Beeber, L., Principal Investigator; Holditch-Davis, D.,
Perreira, K., Belyea, M., Co-Investigators. EHS Latino
Mothers: Reducing Depression and Improving
Infant/Toddler Mental Health. Department of Health
and Human Services – Administration for Children,
Youth, and Families, 2002-2006.
Beeber, L., Principal Investigator; Canuso, R., Holditch-
Davis, D., Mishel, M., Belyea, M., Co-Investigator.
Reducing Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income
Mothers. National Institute of Mental Health, National
Institutes of Health, 2003-2008.
DIABETES
Harrell, J., Principal Investigator; McMurray, R.,
Bangdiwala, S., Hackney, A., & Chapman, J., Co-
Investigators. Physical Activity in Youth-Preventing
Type 2 Diabetes. National Institute of Diabetes &
Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of
Health, 2002-2009.
Skelly, A., Site Principal Investigator & Co-Investigator;
Quandt, S., Principal Investigator. Rural Elders’
Diabetes Self-Management: Ethnic Variations. Wake
Forest University, National Institute on Aging,
National Institutes of Health, 2001-2005.
Skelly, A., Principal Investigator; Dougherty, M., Arcury,
T., Cravey, A., & Gesler, W., Co-Investigators. Type 2
Diabetes: Ethnic Variation in Knowledge and
Beliefs. National Institute of Nursing Research,
National Institutes of Health, 2000-2004.
ELDERS
Carlson, B., Principal Investigator; Neelon, V., Hartman,
M., Dogra, S., & Carlson, J., Co-Investigators.
Respiratory Periodicity and Cognitive Decline in
Elders. National Institute of Nursing Research,
National Institutes of Health, 2002-2006.
Carlson, B., Principal Investigator; Neelon, V., Carlson,
J., & Rowsey, P., Co-Investigators. Core Body
Temperature Rhythm, Cytokines and Respiratory
Periodicity During Sleep in Older Adults with and
Without Age-Associated Memory Impairment.
Center for Research on Preventing/Managing Chronic
Illness in Vulnerable People, School of Nursing, The
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. National
Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of
Health, 2002-2003.
Hudson, M., Principal Investigator; Carlson, J., Co-
Investigator; Belyea, M., Psychometric Consultant;
Fishel, A., Field Tester. Elder Abuse: A Screening
Protocol. National Institute on Aging, National
Institutes of Health, 1997-2002.
Palmer, M., Subcontract Principal Investigator and Study
Co-Investigator; Baumgarten, M., Principal
Investigator. Locus of Care and Pressure Ulcers After
Hip Fracture. University of Maryland, National
Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin
Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 2002.
GENETICS
Thoyre, S., Co-Principal Investigator; Van Riper, M., Co-
Principal Investigator; Brackett, K., Co-Investigator.
Feeding Issues for Young Children with Down
Syndrome and Their Families. Center for Research
on Preventing/Managing Chronic Illness in
Vulnerable People, School of Nursing, The University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, National Institute
of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health,
2002-2003.
Van Riper, M., Principal Investigator; Knafl, K.,
Magnuson, T., Juengst, E., Grabowski, G., & Gregory,
P., Mentors. Family Experience of Genetic Testing:
Ethical Dimensions. National Institute of Nursing
Research, National Institutes of Health, 2001-2003.
HEALTH DISPARITIES
McQuiston, C., Principal Investigator; Dennis, B., Flack,
S., Co-Principal Investigators; Leeman, J., Co-
Investigator and Project Director; Miles, M., Rowsey,
P., Goeppinger, J., & Eaves, Y., Core Directors.
Center for Innovation in Health Disparities
Research. National Institute of Nursing Research,
National Institutes of Health, 2002-2007.
Faculty Research Grants 2002–2003 Academic Year
2002–2003 21
HIV/AIDS
Barroso, J., Co-Investigator; Leserman, J., Site Principal
Investigator. HIV: Neuropsychiatric and
Psychoimmune Relationships. University of
Pennsylvania, National Institutes of Health, 2001-2004.
Fogel, C., Principal Investigator. The Experiences of HIV-Infected
Women Following Incarceration. Center
for Research on Preventing/Managing Chronic Illness
in Vulnerable People, School of Nursing, The
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, National
Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of
Health, 2002-2004.
McQuiston, C., Principal Investigator; Parrado, E., Co-
Investigator; Flippen, C., Project Manager. Gender,
Migration, and HIV Risks Among Mexicans.
National Institute of Nursing Research, National
Institutes of Health, 2001-2005.
Pletsch, P., Co-investigator; Stevens, P., Principal
Investigator; Keigher, S., Co-Investigator. In-Depth
Longitudinal Study of HIV-Infected Women.
University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, National
Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of
Health, 2000-2003.
INCONTINENCE
Boyington, A., Principal Investigator; Dougherty, M.,
Sponsor. A Knowledge-Based System for Continence.
National Institute of Nursing Research, National
Institutes of Health, 1999-2003.
Boyington, A., Principal Investigator. Enhanced
Recruitment for Phase 3: A Knowledge-Based
System for Continence. Faculty Research Opportunity
Grant, School of Nursing, The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2001-2002.
Kincade, J., Principal Investigator; Dougherty, M.,
Co-Principal Investigator; Carlson, J., Co-Investigator
and Statistician; Busby-Whitehead, J., & Wells, E.,
Co-Investigators. Efficacy of Biofeedback to Treat UI
in Women. National Institute of Nursing Research,
National Institutes of Health, 2000-2004.
Kincade, J., Principal Investigator; Dougherty, M., Co-
Principal Investigator; Carlson, J., Co-Investigator
and Statistician; Busby-Whitehead, Co-Investigator.
Effectiveness of Self-Monitoring to Treat UI in
Women. National Institute of Nursing Research,
National Institutes of Health, 2001-2004.
Palmer, M., Principal Investigator. Urinary Incontinence
Research, Practice & Policy Issues. Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality, 2002-2003.
INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Holditch-Davis, D., Principal Investigator; Scher, M.,
Miles, M., Schwartz, T., & Hack, M., Co-
Investigators. Assessment of Biological And Social
Risk In Preterm Infants. National Institute of
Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health,
1998-2003.
Holditch-Davis, D., Principal Investigator; Miles, M., Co-
Principal Investigator; Beeber, L., & Thoyre, S., Co-
Investigators; Belyea, M., Statistical Investigator;
Pedersen, C., & Biddle, A., Consulting Investigators;
Black, B., Project Manager; Hubbard, C., &
Wereszczak, J., Clinical Investigators; Nursing
Support Intervention for Mothers of Prematures.
National Institute of Nursing Research, National
Institutes of Health, 2001-2006.
Thoyre, S., Principal Investigator; Holditch-Davis, D.,
Sponsor; Carlson, J., Statistical Investigator; Veness-
Meehan, K., Consulting Investigator. Contingent
Feeding of Preterms to Reduce Hypoxemia.
National Institute of Nursing Research, National
Institutes of Health, 2002-2005.
Thoyre, S., Principal Investigator. Decreasing the Effect of
Variability in a Test of Contingent Feeding for
Preterm Infants. Faculty Research Opportunity
Grant, School of Nursing, The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2002-2003.
NURSING SYSTEMS AND OUTCOMES
Cronenwett, L. R., Steering Committee Member; Roper,
W., Principal Investigator. Program on Health
Outcomes, School of Public Health, The University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Glaxo-Wellcome
Foundation, 1999-2003.
Esposito, N., Principal Investigator; Beeber, L.,
Psychiatric Nurse; Schwartz, T., Statistician. Women
Drug Abusers and Post Sexual Assault Care.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes
of Health, 2001-2002.
Foley, B., Principal Investigator; Bingham, M., Kee, C.,
Minick, P, & Harvey, S., Co-Investigators; Schwartz, T.,
Statistician. Nursing Processes and Patient
Outcomes in U.S. Army Hospitals, Triservice Nursing
Research Program, 2002-2004
Jones, C., Principal Investigator. Calculating the Costs of
Nursing Turnover in Hospitals. Faculty Research
Opportunity Grant, School of Nursing, The University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2001-2004.
Jones, C., Principal Investigator. Differential Nursing
Employment Patterns: Racial and Geographic
Characteristics. Junior Faculty Development Award,
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2002.
Lynn, M., Principal Investigator; Mark, B., Nursing
Systems Analyst; Bollen, K., SEM Analyst; Morgan, J.,
Data Analyst. Testing a Model of Quality Care in
Home Health. National Institute of Nursing Research,
National Institutes of Health, 2002-2007.
Lynn, M., Principal Investigator; Redman, R., Co-
Principal Investigator. Canaries in the Coalmine: A
View of the Nursing Shortage from the Trenches.
Faculty Research Opportunity Grant, School of
Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, 2003-2004.
Mark, B., Principal Investigator. Nurse Staffing,
Financial Performance, and Quality Care. Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality, 1999-2005.
Mark, B., Principal Investigator; Jones, C., Eck, S., &
Belyea, M., Investigators. A Model of Patient and
Nursing Administration Outcomes. National
Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of
Health, 1995-2007.
Mark, B., Co-Sponsor; Radwin, L., Principal Investigator.
Testing the Quality Health Outcomes Model in
Cancer Care. University of Massachusetts at Boston,
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2001-
2006.
Redman, R., Principal Investigator; Lynn, M., Co-Principal
Investigator. Development of an Instrument to
Assess Patient Expectations and Evaluation of Care
Experiences. Program on Health Outcomes, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2002-2003.
RESEARCH SYNTHESIS
Sandelowski, M., Principal Investigator; Barroso, J.,
Co-Principal Investigator. Analytic Techniques for
Qualitative Metasynthesis. National Institute of
Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health,
2000-2005.
Woodard, B., Principal Investigator; Sandelowski, M., &
Barroso, J., Co-Investigators. A Pilot Study to
Transform Qualitative Research Findings for Use
in Evidence-based Practice. Center for Research on
Preventing/Managing Chronic Illness in Vulnerable
People, School of Nursing, The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill. National Institute of Nursing
Research, National Institutes of Health, 2003-2004.
RESEARCH TRAINING
Mishel, M., Principal Investigator; Holditch-Davis, D.,
Co-Principal Investigator. Interventions for
Preventing and Managing Chronic Illness.
Institutional National Research Service Award,
National Institute of Nursing Research, National
Institutes of Health, 1996-2006.
SMOKING CESSATION
Pletsch, P., Principal Investigator. Taste Changes and the
Smoking Cessation Experience of Spontaneous
Quitters: Informing the Next Generation of
Cessation Interventions for Pregnant Women.
Center for Research on Preventing/Managing Chronic
Illness in Vulnerable People, School of Nursing, The
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. National
Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of
Health, 2002-2003.
Pletsch, P., Co-Investigator. Testing Pharmacological
Therapies for Pregnant Smokers. Duke University,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of
Health, 2003-2004.
THERMOREGULATION
Rowsey, P.J., Principal Investigator. Beneficial Effects of
Exercise on Health and Disease. National Institute
of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health,
1999-2004.
22 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
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Major Research Project Sites July 2002 – June 2003
2002–2003 23
Barlow, J., Principal Investigator. Early Intervention for
Hospitalized Children. The Duke Endowment,
2003-2005.
Barlow, J., Principal Investigator. Community Pathways:
Early Intervention for Hospitalized Children. NC
Department of Health and Human Services, Division
of Public Health, Women’s and Children’s Health
Section, 2002-2003.
Cockroft, M., & Foster, B., Co-Principal Investigators.
Occupational Health Site Development for
Undergraduate Nursing Students. AHEC Grant for
Development of New Clinical Training Sites for
Nursing, 2002-2003.
Fishel, A., & Fogel. C., Faculty Liaisons. Curtis, P.,
Principal Investigator. Integrating CAM into Health
Professions Education. National Institutes of Health,
2000-2005.
Goeppinger, J., Principal Investigator. Sustainable
Solutions to Economic Distress, Tobacco
Dependence, Limited Health Care Access and the
Nursing Shortage: Nursing Education for Golden
LEAF Counties. Golden LEAF Foundation, 2003.
Goeppinger, J., Project Director. Community-Oriented
Primary Care for Rural Populations. Health
Resources and Services Administration, Division of
Nursing, 2000-2003.
Henderson, M., Principal Investigator. Transitions:
A New Model of Care for Frail Elderly Facing the
Final Phase of Life, Warner Dannheisser
Testamentary Trust, 2002-2004
Miles, M., Faculty Member. Ornstien, P., Director. Center
for Developmental Science. National Institute of
Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 1998-2003.
Educational and Professional Grants 2002–2003 Academic Year
Miles, M., Co-Director; Elder, G., Director. Human
Development: Interdisciplinary Research Training.
National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development, National Institutes of Health, 1998-2003
Miller, M., Project Director. Advanced education nurse
traineeship. Bureau of Health Professions, Health
Resources and Services Administration, 2002-2003.
Pierce, S., Principal Investigator. Creating leaders in
ethical deliberation. Helene Fuld Trust, 2001-2003.
Rasin, J., Principal Investigator. Building capacity in the
nursing workforce: Caring for diverse elders. John
A. Hartford Foundation, 2001-2004.
Redman, R., Principal Investigator; Moore, K.,
Co-Investigator. Ueltschi Service-Learning Course
Development Grant. The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill APPLES Service Learning
Program, 2002-2004 .
Alexander, G. Rumay, Clinical Assistant Professor
Alexander, G. R. (2002). A mind for multicultural manage-ment.
Nursing Management, 33(10), 30-33.
Alexander, G. R. (2002). Legislation is the solution to the
nursing shortage: The con side. Nursing Leadership
Forum, 6(3), 65-8.
Alexander, G. R. (2002). Let’s get busy diversifying!
Nursing Management, 33(5), 16.
Barroso, Julie, Assistant Professor
Barroso, J., Carlson, J., & Meynell, J. (2003). Physiological
and psychological markers associated with HIV-related
fatigue. Clinical Nursing Research, 12(1), 49-68.
Barroso, J., Gollop, C., Sandelowski, M., Meynell, J., Pearce,
P., & Collins, L. (2003). The challenges of searching
for and retrieving qualitative studies. Western Journal
of Nursing Research, 25, 153-178.
Barroso, J., Preisser, J. S., Leserman, J., Gaynes, B. L.,
Golden, R. N., & Evans, D. L. (2002). Predicting
fatigue and depression in HIV-positive gay men.
Psychosomatics, 43(4), 317-325.
Leserman, J., Petitto, J. M., Gu, H., Gaynes, B. N., Barroso,
J., Golden, R. N., Perkins, D. O., Folds, J. D., & Evans,
D. L. (2002). Progression to AIDS, a clinical AIDS con-dition,
and mortality: Psychosocial and physiological
predictors. Psychological Medicine, 32, 1059-1073.
Randall, M., & Barroso, J. (2002). Delayed pursuit of
health care among HIV-positive gay men enrolled in a
longitudinal research study. Journal of the
Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 13(4), 7-15.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2002). Finding the findings
in qualitative studies. Journal of Nursing
Scholarship, 34, 213-219.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2003). Creating metasum-maries
of qualitative findings. Nursing Research, 52,
226-233.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2003). Toward a metasyn-thesis
of qualitative findings on motherhood in HIV-positive
women. Research in Nursing and Health,
26, 153-170.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2003). Writing the proposal
for a qualitative research methodology project.
Qualitative Health Research, 13, 781-820.
Beeber, Linda S., Professor
Beeber, L. S. (2002). The pinks and the blues: Symptoms of
chronic depression in mothers during their children’s
first year. American Journal of Nursing, 102(11),
91-8.
Beeber, L. S., & Miles, M. S. (2003). Maternal mental
health and parenting in poverty. In J. J. Fitzpatrick
(Series Ed.), M. Miles & D. Holditch-Davis (Vol. Eds.),
Annual review of nursing research: Vol. 21.
Research on child health and pediatric issues (pp.
303-331). New York: Springer.
Belyea, Michael, Research Associate Professor
Lai, Y. H., Dalton J. A., Belyea, M., Chen M. L., Tsai, L. Y., &
Chen, S. C. (2003). Development and testing of the
pain opioid analgesics beliefs scale in Taiwanese
cancer patients. Journal of Pain & Symptom
Management, 25(4), 376-385.
Mishel, M. H., Germino, B., Belyea, M., Stewart, J., Bailey,
D., Jr., Robertson, C., & Mohler, J. (2003). Moderators
of an uncertainty management intervention for men
with localized prostate cancer. Nursing Research
52(2), 89-97.
Black, Beth, Clinical Associate Professor
Black, B., & Miles, M. (2002). Calculating risks and bene-fits
of disclosure in African American women with HIV.
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal
Nursing, 31(6), 688-697.
Holditch-Davis, D., & Black, B. (2003). Care of preterm
infants: Programs of research and their relationship to
developmental science. In J. J. Fitzpatrick (Series Ed.),
M. Miles & D. Holditch-Davis (Vol. Eds.), Annual
review of nursing research: Vol. 21. Research on
child health and pediatric issues (pp. 23-60). New
York: Springer.
Boyington, Alice, Assistant Professor
Castina, S., Boyington, A. R., & Dougherty, M. C. (2002).
Urinary incontinence: If we don’t ask, patients won’t
tell. American Journal of Nursing, 10(8), 85, 87.
Dougherty, M. C., Dwyer, J. W., Pendergast, J. F., Coward, R. T.,
Vogel, W. B., Duncan, R. P., Rooks, L., Tomlinson, B.
U., & Boyington, A. R. (2002). A behavioral manage-ment
for continence intervention reduced urinary
incontinence symptoms in older rural women.
Evidence-based Mental Health, 5, 79.
Carlson, John, Research Associate Professor
Barroso, J., Carlson, J., & Meynell, J. (2003). Physiological
and psychological markers associated with HIV-related
fatigue. Clinical Nursing Research, 12(1), 49-68.
Carlson, J., Youngblood, R., Dalton, J. A., Blau, W., &
Lindley, C. (2003). Is patient satisfaction a legitimate
outcome of pain management? Journal of Pain and
Symptom Management, 25(3), 264-275.
Rowsey, P. J., Metzger, B. L., Carlson, J., & Gordon, C. J.
(2003). Effect of exercise conditioning on thermoreg-ulatory
responses to repeated administration of chlor-pyrifos.
Environmental Research, 92, 27-34.
Thoyre, S., & Carlson, J. (2003). Occurrence of oxygen
desaturation events during preterm infant bottle feed-ing
near discharge. Early Human Development, 72,
25-36.
Cheek, Dennis, Assistant Professor
Cheek, D., & Cesan, A. (2003). Genetic predictors of cardio-vascular
disease: The use of chip technology. The
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 18(1), 50-56.
Christian, Becky J., Associate Professor
Christian, B. J. (2003). Growing up with chronic illness:
Psychosocial adjustments of children and adolescents
with cystic fibrosis. In J. J. Fitzpatrick (Series Ed.), M.
Miles & D. Holditch-Davis (Vol. Eds.), Annual review
of nursing research: Vol. 21. Research on child
health and pediatric issues (pp. 151-172).
New York: Springer.
Cronenwett, Linda R., Professor and Dean
Cronenwett, L. R., & Redman, R. (2003). Partners in
action: Nursing education and nursing practice.
Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(2), 131-133.
Cronenwett, L. R., & Redman, R. (2003). Partners in
action: Nursing education and nursing practice.
(repeated in) Nurse Educator, 28(4), 153-155.
Dalton, Jo Ann, Professor
Carlson, J., Youngblood, R., Dalton, J. A., Blau, W., &
Lindley, C. (2003). Is patient satisfaction a legitimate
outcome of pain management? Journal of Pain and
Symptom Management, 25(3), 264-275.
Keefe, F., Ahles, T., Porter, L., Sutton, L., McBride, C., Pope,
M., McKinstry, E., Furstenberg, C., Dalton, J. A., &
Baucom, D. (May 2003). The self-efficacy of family
caregivers for helping cancer patients manage pain at
end-of-life. Pain, 103(1-2), 157-162.
Lai, Y. H., Dalton J. A., Belyea, M., Chen M. L., Tsai, L. Y., &
Chen, S. C. (2003). Development and testing of the
pain opioid analgesics beliefs scale in Taiwanese can-cer
patients. Journal of Pain & Symptom
Management, 25(4), 376-385.
Stephenson, N. L. & Dalton, J. A. (2003). Using reflexology
for pain management: A review. Journal of Holistic
Nursing, 21(2), 179-191.
Dougherty, Molly C., Frances Hill Fox
Distinguished Professor
Castina, S., Boyington, A. R., & Dougherty, M. C. (2002).
Urinary incontinence: If we don’t ask, patients won’t
tell. American Journal of Nursing, 102(8), 85, 87.
Dougherty, M. C. (2002). Progress: Editor’s web site and
more. Nursing Research, 51, 4a.
Dougherty, M. C., Dwyer, J. W., Pendergast, J. F., Coward, R. T.,
Vogel, W. B., Duncan, R. P., Rooks, L., Tomlinson, B.
U., & Boyington, A. R. (2002). A behavioral manage-ment
for continence intervention reduced urinary
incontinence symptoms in older rural women.
Evidence-based Mental Health, 5, 79.
Lin, S-Y., & Dougherty, M. C. (2002). Incontinence impact,
symptom distress and treatment-seeking behavior in
women with involuntary urine loss in southern
Taiwan. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40,
227-234.
Moore, K. N., Colling, J., & Dougherty, M. C. (2002).
Nursing research and continence care. Urologic
Nursing, 22(3), 183-187.
Esposito, Noreen, Assistant Professor
Esposito, N. (2002). St. John the Divine. Iris: The UNC
Journal of Medicine, Literature & Visual Art, 3, 30-35.
24 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
Faculty Publications 2002–2003 Academic Year
2002–2003 25
Fishel, Anne, Professor
Fishel, A. (2002). Anxiety disorders. In N. Randolph (Ed.),
Springhouse review for psychiatric and mental
health nursing certification (pp.81-93).
Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Fogel, Catherine, Professor
Fogel, C., & Moos, M-K. (2002). Family planning nurs-ing
manual. Raleigh, NC: Women’s Health Section,
Department of Health and Human Services.
Fogel, C., & Moos, M-K. (2002). Maternal health nursing
manual. Raleigh, NC: Women’s Health Section,
Department of Health and Human Services.
Fogel, C., Moos, M-K., & Flannigan, O. (2002).
Orientation to women’s health care in local health
departments workbook. Raleigh, NC: Women’s Health
Section, Department of Health and Human Services.
Fogel, C. (2003). Sexuality of women. In V. Lucas, & E.
Breslin (Eds.), AWHONN’s core curriculum for
women’s health (pp. 400-431). Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders.
Fogel, C. (2003). Women and sexuality. In E. Q. Youngkin
& M. S. Davis (Eds.), Women’s health: A primary
care clinical guide (3rd ed., pp. 109-130). Stamford,
CT: Appleton & Lange.
Gingrich, P., & Fogel, C. (2003). Herbal therapy use by
perimenopausal women. Journal of Obstetric,
Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 32(2), 181-189.
Foley, Barbara Jo, Clinical Associate Professor
Fry, S., Harvey, R., Hurley, A., & Foley, B. (2002).
Development of a model of moral distress in military
nursing. Nursing Ethics, 9(4), 373-387.
Funk, Sandra G., Professor
Funk, S. G. (2003). Experimental designs. In K.S. Oman,
M. Krugman, & R. Fink (Eds.), Nursing research
secrets (pp. 113-121). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc.
Leeman, J., Goeppinger, J., Funk, S. G., & Roland, J. (2003). An
enriched research experience for minority undergradu-ates:
A step towards increasing the number of minority
nurse researchers. Nursing Outlook, 51(1), 20-24.
Germino, Barbara, Beerstecher Blackwell
Distinguished Professor
Mishel, M. H., Germino, B., Belyea, M., Stewart, J., Bailey, D.,
Jr., Robertson, C., & Mohler, J. (2003). Moderators of an
uncertainty management intervention for men with local-ized
prostate cancer. Nursing Research, 52(2), 89-97.
Goeppinger, Jean, Professor
Leeman, J., Goeppinger, J., Funk, S. G., & Roland, E.J.
(2003). An enriched research experience for minority
undergraduates: A step toward increasing the number
of minority nurse researchers. Nursing Outlook,
51(1), 20-24.
Halloran, Edward, Associate Professor
Goldrick, B., & Halloran, E. (2003). Emerging infections:
Life with SARS in Hong Kong. American Journal of
Nursing, 103(7), 22-23.
Halloran, E. (2002). Heroic medicine vs. disease prevention
in the American Civil War, 1861-1865. In J. Raftery
(Ed.), Then and now: collected papers of the seventh
biennial conference of the Australian Society of the
History of Medicine (pp. 112-122). Adelaide, Australia:
Australian Society of the History of Medicine, Inc.
Halloran, E. (2003). John D. Thompson. In W. D. White
(Ed.), Compelled by data: John D. Thompson, nurse,
health services researcher and health administration
educator (pp. 19-28). New Haven, CT: Yale University,
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health.
Thorson, M., & Halloran, E. (2003). Henderson’s unique
function of nurses. In J. Fitzpatrick, & A. Whall,
Conceptual models of nursing (2nd ed). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Harrell, Joanne S., Professor
Gilmer, M. J., Harrell, J. S., Miles, M. S., & Hepworth, J.
(2003). Factors influencing physical activity in young
adolescents of parents with premature coronary heart
disease. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 18(3), 159-168.
Harrell, J. S., Pearce, P. F., & Hayman, L. (2002). Fostering
prevention in the pediatric population. Journal of
Cardiovascular Nursing, 18(2), 144-149.
Harrell, J. S., Pearce, P. F., Markland, E., Wilson, K., Bradley,
C., & McMurray, R. G. (2003). Assessing physical
activity in adolescents: The common activities of chil-dren
in 6th - 8th grades. Journal of the American
Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 15(4), 170-179.
McMurray, R. G., Harrell, J. S., Bangdiwala, S., Deng, S., &
Baggett, C. (2003). Factors contributing to the energy
expenditure of youth during cycling and running.
Pediatric Exercise Science, 15, 67-82.
McMurray, R. G., Harrell, J. S., Bradley, C. B., Deng, S., &
Bangdiwala, S. (2003). Gender and ethnic changes in
physical work capacity from childhood through ado-lescents.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sports,
74(2), 143-152.
Henderson, Martha, Clinical Assistant Professor
Henderson, M. L. (2003). Advance care planning: Nuts and
bolts. FORUM N.C. Medical Board, 7(1), 8-13.
Holditch-Davis, Diane, Professor
Fitzpatrick, J. J., Miles, M. S., & Holditch-Davis, D. (Eds.)
(2003). Annual review of nursing research: Vol. 21.
Research on child health and pediatric issues. New
York: Springer.
Holditch-Davis, D. (2003). Distinguished researcher award.
Identification of developmental risk in infants with
medical problems: A program of research. Southern
Connections, 17(1), 4.
Holditch-Davis, D., Bartlett, T. R., Blickman, A., & Miles, M.
S. (2003). Post-traumatic stress symptoms in mothers
of premature infants. Journal of Obstetric,
Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 32, 161-171.
Holditch-Davis, D., & Black, B. (2003). Care of preterm
infants: Programs of research and their relationship to
developmental science. In J. J. Fitzpatrick (Series Ed.),
M. S. Miles & D. Holditch-Davis (Vol. Eds.), Annual
review of nursing research: Vol. 21. Research on
child health and pediatric issues (pp. 23-60).
New York: Springer.
Holditch-Davis, D., Blackburn, S., & Vandenberg, K. A. (2003).
Newborn and infant neurobehavioral development. In
C. Kenner & J. W. Lott (Eds.), Comprehensive neonatal
nursing care: A physiologic perspective (3rd ed., pp.
236-284). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Miles, M. S., & Holditch-Davis, D. (2003). Enhancing nurs-ing
research with children and families using a devel-opmental
science perspective. In J. J. Fitzpatrick
(Series Ed.), M. S. Miles & D. Holditch-Davis (Vol.
Eds.), Annual review of nursing research: Vol. 21.
Research on child health and pediatric issues
(pp. 1-20). New York: Springer.
Holoman, Elizabeth, Clinical Assistant Professor
Holoman, E. (2002). Congenital pulmonary alveolar pro-teinosis:
A case study. Neonatal Intensive Care,
15(6), 15-18.
Hughes, Linda C., Research Associate Professor
Frank-Stromborg, M., Ward, S., Hughes, L. C., Brown, K.,
Coleman, E. A., Grindel, C. G., & Miller-Murphy, C.
(2002). Does certification status of the oncology nurse
make a difference in patient outcomes? Oncology
Nursing Forum, 29, 665-672.
Hughes, L. C. (2002). Peer group caring interaction scale
and organizational climate for caring questionnaire.
In J. Watson (Ed.), Assessing and measuring caring
in nursing and health science (pp. 151-156). New
York: Springer.
Hughes, L. C., Romick, P., Sandor, K., Phillips, C. A.,
Glaister, J., Levy, K., & Rock, J. (2003). Evaluation of
an informal peer group experience on baccalaureate
nursing students’ emotional well-being and profes-sional
socialization. Journal of Professional
Nursing, 19, 38-48.
Jones, Cheryl B., Associate Professor
Jones, C. B., & Lusk, S. L. (2002). Incorporating health
services research into nursing doctoral programs.
Nursing Outlook, 50(6), 225-231.
Jones, C. B., & Thompson, K. T. (2002). Economics influ-ences
in health care delivery. In M. Stanhope, & J.
Lancaster (Eds.), Foundations of Community
Health Nursing (pp. 105-126). St. Louis: Mosby.
Kovner, C. T., Jones, C. B., Zahn, C., Gergen, P., & Basu, J.
(2002). Nurse staffing and post surgical adverse
events: An analysis of administrative data from a sam-ple
of U.S. hospitals, 1990-1996. Health Services
Research, 37(3), 611-629.
Moody, L. E., Small, B. J., & Jones, C. B. (2002). Advance
directives preferences of functionally and cognitively
impaired nursing home residents in the United States.
Journal of Applied Gerontology, 21(1), 103-118.
Kjervik, Diane K., Professor
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). APNs: Know your collaborators and
their insurance policies. [Column]. Journal of
Clinical Systems Management, 4(9), 6.
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). APNs: Mental health nurses required
to intervene. [Column]. Journal of Clinical Systems
Management, 4(6), 8.
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). APNs: States may regulate HMOs.
[Column]. Journal of Clinical Systems
Management, 4(12), 8.
26 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). Bridging the law-reality gap.
[Column]. Journal of Nursing Law, 8(3), 5.
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). Legal protections at the end of life.
[Column]. Journal of Clinical Systems
Management, 4(7), 18.
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). Physicians as experts on advanced
practice nursing care. [Column]. Journal of Clinical
Systems Management, 4(8), 10.
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). Side rails as restraints? [Column].
Journal of Clinical Systems Management, 4(10), 6.
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). Supervisory responsibility and profes-sional
relationships. [Column]. Journal of Clinical
Systems Management, 4(11), 8.
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). The evolving nursing standard of
care. [Column]. Journal of Nursing Law, 8(2), 5.
Kjervik, D. K. (2002). TJ and nursing. Journal of Nursing
Law, 8(4), 19-22.
Kjervik, D. K. (2003). Negligent credentialing of APNs.
[Column]. Journal of Clinical Systems
Management, 5(1), 6.
Kjervik, D. K. (2003). Psych nurse qualified to serve as an
expert witness. [Column]. Journal of Clinical
Systems Management, 5(2), 6.
Leeman, Jennifer, Research Assistant Professor
Leeman, J., Goeppinger, J., Funk, S. G., & Roland, J.
(2003). An enriched research experience for minority
undergraduates: A step towards increasing the number
of minority nurse researchers. Nursing Outlook,
51(1), 20-24.
Lowdermilk, Deitra, Clinical Professor
Lowdermilk, D., & Perry. S. (Eds.). (2003). Maternity
nursing (6th ed.). St Louis: Mosby.
Lynn, Mary, Associate Professor
Sloane, P., Mitchell, C. M., Weissman, G., Zimmerman, S.
I., Long, K. M., Lynn, M., Calkins, M., Lawton, M. P.,
Teresi, J., Grant, L., Lindeman, D., & Montgomery, R.
(2002). The therapeutic environment screening scale
for nursing homes (TESS-NH): An observational
instrument for assessing institutional environments
for persons with dementia. Journal of Gerontology
Series B – Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences,
57(2), S69-78.
Mark, Barbara, Professor
Mark, B., Salyer, J., & Harless, D. (2002). Factors influenc-ing
perceptions of staffing adequacy. Journal of
Nursing Administration, 32(5), 234-242.
Mark, B., Salyer, J., & Wan, T.T.H. (2003). Professional
nursing practice: Impact on organizational and
patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing
Administration, 33(4), 224-234.
McCue, M., Mark, B., & Harless, D. (2003). Nurse staffing,
quality and hospital financial performance. Journal of
Health Care Financial Management, 29(4). 54-76.
McQuiston, Christine M., Assistant Professor
McQuiston, C. M., & Flaskerud, J. (2003). If they don’t ask
about condoms, I just tell them: A descriptive case
study of Latino lay health advisors’ helping activities.
Health Education & Behavior, 30(1), 79-96.
Miles, Margaret S., Professor
Beeber, L. S., & Miles, M. S. (2003). Maternal mental
health and parenting in poverty. In J. J. Fitzpatrick
(Series Ed.), M. S. Miles & D. Holditch-Davis (Vol.
Eds.), Annual review of nursing research: Vol. 21.
Research on child health and pediatric issues
(pp. 303-331). New York: Springer.
Black, B., & Miles, M. S. (2002). Calculating risks and ben-efits
of disclosure in African American women with
HIV. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and
Neonatal Nursing, 31(6), 688-697.
Fitzpatrick, J. J., Miles, M. S., & Holditch-Davis D. (Eds.).
(2003). Annual review of nursing research: Vol. 21.
Research on child health and pediatric issues. New
York: Springer.
Gilmer, M. J., Harrell, J. S., Miles, M. S., & Hepworth, J. T.
(2003). Factors influencing physical activity in young
adolescents of parents with premature coronary heart
disease. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 18(3), 159-168.
Holditch-Davis, D., Bartlett, T. R., Blickman, A., & Miles, M. S.
(2003). Post-traumatic stress symptoms in mothers of
premature infants. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic,
and Neonatal Nursing, 32, 161-171.
Miles, M. S. (2003). Parents of children with chronic
health problems: Programs of nursing research and
their relationship to developmental science. In J. J.
Fitzpatrick (Series Ed.), M. S. Miles & D. Holditch-
Davis (Vol. Eds.), Annual review of nursing
research: Vol. 21. Research on child health and
pediatric issues (pp. 247-277). New York: Springer.
Miles, M. S. (2003). Support for parents during a child’s hospi-talization.
American Journal of Nursing, 103(2), 62-64.
Miles, M. S., & Holditch-Davis, D. (2003). Enhancing nurs-ing
research with children and families using a devel-opmental
science perspective. In J. J. Fitzpatrick
(Series Ed.), M. S. Miles & D. Holditch-Davis (Vol.
Eds.), Annual Review of Nursing Research: Vol. 21.
Research on Child Health and Pediatric Issues
(pp. 1-20). New York: Springer.
Mishel, Merle H., Kenan Distinguished Professor
Mishel, M. H., & Clayton, M. F. (2003). Uncertainty in ill-ness
theories. In M. J. Smith & P. Liehr (Eds.), Middle
range theory in advance practice nursing (pp. 25-
48). New York: Springer Publishing.
Mishel, M. H., Germino, B., Belyea, M., Stewart, J., Bailey,
D., Jr., Robertson, C., & Mohler, J. (2003). Moderators of
an uncertainty management intervention for men with
localized prostate cancer. Nursing Research, 52(2), 89-97.
Palmer, Mary H., Umphlet Distinguished Professor
Fonda, D., Benvenuti, F., Cottenden, A., DuBeau, C.,
Kirshner-Hermanns, R., Miller, K., Palmer, M. H., & Resnick,
N. (2002). Urinary incontinence and bladder dysfunc-tion
in older persons. In P. Abrams, L. Cardozo, S.
Khoury, & A. Wein (Eds.), Incontinence. 2nd inter-national
consultation on incontinence (2nd ed., pp.
625-695). Plymouth, UK: Health Publications Ltd.
Newman, D., & Palmer, M. H. (Eds). (2003). State of the
science on urinary incontinence. American Journal
of Nursing, 3, 1-58.
Palmer, M. H. (2003). The state of the science in urinary
incontinence nursing research. [Guest editorial].
Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence
Nursing, 30(2), 61.
Palmer, M. H.(2003). Urinary incontinence. In V. Carrieri-
Kohlman, A. Lindsey, & C. West (Eds.),
Pathophysiological phenomena in nursing:
Human responses to illness, (3rd ed., pp. 91-114).
St. Louis: Saunders.
Palmer, M. H., Baumgarten, M., Langenberg, P., & Carson,
J. (2002). Risk factors for hospital-acquired inconti-nence
in female hip fracture patients. Journal of
Gerontology: Medical Sciences 57A(10), M672-M677.
Palmer, M. H., Fogarty, L., Somerfield, M., & Powel, L.
(2003). Incontinence after prostatectomy: Coping with
incontinence after prostate cancer surgery. Oncology
Nursing Forum, 30(2), 229-238.
Palmer, M. H., & Fitzgerald, S. (2002). Urinary incontinence
in working women: A comparison study. Journal of
Women’s Health and Gender Based Medicine, 11(10),
879-888.
Pletsch, Pamela K., Associate Professor
Pletsch, P. K. (2002). Commentary on “Mexican
Americans’ explanatory model of Type 2 diabetes.”
Western Journal of Nursing Research, 24(8), 861-863.
Pletsch, P. K., Morgan, S., & Pieper, A. (2003). Smoking
cessation among low income African American preg-nant
women: Context and beliefs about smoking and
smoking cessation. American Journal of Maternal
Child Nursing, 28(5), 1-7.
Stevens, P. E., & Pletsch, P. K. (2002). Informed consent
and the history of inclusion of women in clinical
research. Health Care for Women International,
23(8), 809-819.
Rasin, Joyce, Associate Professor
Beck, C. K., Vogelpohl, T. S., Rasin, J., Uriri, J. T.,
O’Sullivan, P., Walls, R., Phillips, R., & Baldwin, B.
(2002). A clinical trial of behavioral interventions to
decrease disruptive behavior in demented nursing
home residents. Nursing Research, 51(4), 219-228.
Redman, Richard, Professor
Cronenwett, L. R., & Redman, R. (2003). Partners in
action: Nursing education and nursing practice.
Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(2), 131-133.
Cronenwett, L. R., & Redman, R. (2003). Partners in
action: Nursing education and nursing practice.
(repeated in) Nurse Educator, 28(4), 153-155.
Redman, R. (2003). Practice environments. Research and
Theory for Nursing Practice, 17(1), 87-88.
Redman, R. (2003). Promoting safe environments for
patient care delivery. Research and Theory for
Nursing Practice, 17(2), 97-100.
Redman, R. (2003). Instrumentation. In K. S. Oman, M.
Krugman, & R. M. Fink (Eds.), Nursing Research
Secrets (pp. 139-148). St. Louis: Hanley & Belfus, Inc.
Redman, R., & Clark, L. (2002). Service-learning as a
model for integrating social justice in the nursing
curriculum. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(10),
446-449.
Tzeng, H. M., Ketefian, S., & Redman, R. (2002).
Relationship of staff nurses’ strength of organization-al
culture, job satisfaction, and inpatient evaluation
with nursing care. International Journal of
Nursing Studies, 39(1), 79-84.
2002–2003 27
Rodgers, Shielda, Clinical Associate Professor
Aucoin, J., & Rodgers, S. (2002). Health promotion in rural
settings. In C. C. Clark (Ed.), Health promotion in
communities: Holistic and wellness approaches.
New York: Springer.
Rowsey, Pamela J., Associate Professor
Gordon, C. J., Rowsey, P. J., & Yang, Y. L. (2002). Effect of
repeated nicotine exposure on core temperature and
motor activity in male and female rats. Journal of
Thermal Biology, 27(6), 485-492.
Rowsey, P. J., Metzger, B. L., Carlson, J., & Gordon, C. J.
(2003). Effects of exercise conditioning on thermoreg-ulatory
responses to repeated administration of chlor-pyrifos.
Environmental Research, 92, 27-34.
Sandelowski, Margarete, Cary C. Boshamer
Distinguished Professor
Barroso, J., Gollop, C. J., Sandelowski, M., Meynell, J.,
Pearce, P., & Collins, L. J. (2003). The challenges of
searching for and retrieving qualitative studies.
Western Journal of Nursing Research, 25, 153-178.
Hamilton, J., & Sandelowski, M. (2003). Living the golden
rule: Reciprocal exchanges among African Americans
with cancer. Qualitative Health Research, 13, 656-674.
Sandelowski, M. (2002). [Review of the book Say little, do
much]. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 76, 835-836.
Sandelowski, M. (2003). Reality and representation in
reproductive technologies. Review Essay: R. Davis-
Floyd & J. Dumit (Eds.), Cyborg babies, E. A. Kaplan
& S. Squier (Eds.), Playing Dolly, & A. R. Saetnan, N.
Oudshoorn, & M. Kirejczyk (Eds.), Bodies of technolo-gy.
Nursing History Review, 11, 187-189.
Sandelowski, M. (2003). Tables or tableaux? Writing and
reading mixed methods studies. In A. Tashakkori & C.
Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in
social and behavioral research (pp. 321-350).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sandelowski, M. (2003). Taking things seriously: Studying
the material culture of nursing. In J. Latimer (Ed.),
Advanced qualitative research for nursing
(pp. 185-210). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2002). Finding the findings
in qualitative studies. Journal of Nursing
Scholarship, 34, 213-219.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2003). Creating metasum-maries
of qualitative findings. Nursing Research,
52, 226-233.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2003). Toward a metasynthesis
of qualitative findings on motherhood in HIV-positive
women. Research in Nursing & Health, 26, 153-170.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2003). Writing the proposal
for a qualitative research methodology project.
Qualitative Health Research, 13, 781-820.
Schwartz, Todd, Research Instructor
Adams, K. F., Jr., Gheorghiade, M., Uretsky, B. F., Patterson,
J. H., Schwartz, T. A., & Young, J. B. (2002). Clinical
benefits of low serum digoxin concentrations in heart
failure. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, 39, 946-953.
Gulledge, A. A., McShea, C., Schwartz, T., Koch, G., & Lord,
S. (2003). Effects of hyperfibrinogenemia on the vas-culature
of C57BL/6 mice with and without athero-genic
diet. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and
Vascular Biology, 23, 130-135.
Raymond, R. J., Hinderliter, A. L., Willis, P. W., IV, Clarke, W.
R., Ralph, D., Caldwell, E. J., Williams, W., Ettinger, N.
A., Hill, N. S., Summer, W. R., de Boisblanc, B.,
Schwartz, T., Koch, G., Clayton, L.M., Jöbsis, M. M.,
Crow, J. W., & Long, W. (2002). Echocardiographic
predictors of adverse outcomes in primary pulmonary
hypertension. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, 39, 1214-1219.
Skelly, Anne, Associate Professor
Cagle, C., Appel, S., Skelly, A., & Carter-Edwards, L. (2002).
Mid-life African American women with type 2 diabetes:
Influence on work and the multicaregiver role.
Ethnicity and Disease, 12(4), 555-566.
Keyserling, T., Samuel-Hodge, C., Ammerman, A.,
Ainsworth, B., Henriquez-Roldan, C., Ingram, A.,
Elasy, T., Skelly, A., Johnston, L., & Bangdawala, S.
(2002). A randomized trial of an intervention to
improve self-care behaviors of African American
women with type 2 diabetes: Impact on physical
activity. Diabetes Care, 25(9), 1576-1583.
Skelly, A. (2003). Diabetes self-management training: A
Nursing Perspective. North Carolina Medical
Journal, 64(1), 1-2.
Thoyre, Suzanne, Assistant Professor
Thoyre, S. (2003). Developmental transition from gavage to
oral feeding in the preterm infant. In J. J. Fitzpatrick
(Series Ed.), M. S. Miles & D. Holditch-Davis (Vol.
Eds.), Annual Review of Nursing Research: Vol. 21.
Research on Child Health and Pediatric Issues
(pp. 61-92). New York: Springer.
Thoyre, S., & Carlson, J. (2003). Occurrence of oxygen
desaturation events during preterm infant bottle feeding
near discharge. Early Human Development, 72, 25-36.
Van Riper, Marcia, Associate Professor
Van Riper, M. (2003). A change of plans: The birth of a
child with Down syndrome. American Journal of
Nursing, 103, 77-74.
Van Riper, M. (2003). The sibling experience of living with
chronic illness and disability. In J. J. Fitzpatrick (Series
Ed.), M. S. Miles & D. Holditch-Davis (Vol. Eds.),
Annual Review of Nursing Research: Vol. 21.
Research on Child Health and Pediatric Issues
(pp. 279-302). New York: Springer.
Waldrop, Julee B., Clinical Assistant Professor
Waldrop, J. B. (2002). Kidney disease on the rise. The
Clinical Advisor, July/August, 120.
Waldrop, J. B. (2002). Staying on top of the drug. The
Clinical Advisor, September/October 25, 142.
Waldrop, J. B. (2002). Email me in the morning. The
Clinical Advisor, November/December, 128.
Waldrop, J. B. (2003). Allergic Conjunctivitis. In
Handbook of allergy and asthma (pp. 144-162).
Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Doctoral Student and Post-Doctoral Fellow Activities 2002–2003 Academic Year
GRANTS
Amoako, E., Principal Investigator; Mishel, M. H.,
Sponsor. Building Academic Geriatric Nursing
Capacity. Predoctoral Fellowship, Joan A. Hartford
Foundation, 2002-2004.
Bond, S., Principal Investigator; Neelon, V., Sponsor.
Differentiating Patterns of Delirium in Terminally
Ill Cancer Patients. Predoctoral Fellowship, John A.
Hartford Foundation, 2001-2003.
Bond, S., Principal Investigator; Neelon, V., Sponsor.
Differentiating Patterns of Delirium in Terminally
Ill Cancer Patients. Predoctoral Fellowship,
American Cancer Society, 2001-2003.
Brunssen, S., Principal Investigator; Holditch-Davis, D.,
Sponsor. Effect of Perinatal Interleukin-6 Elevation
on Neurodevelopment. National Research Service
Award, National Institute of Nursing Research,
National Institutes of Health, 1999-2002.
Clayton, M., Principal Investigator; Mishel, M. H.,
Sponsor. Factors Influencing Patient-Provider
Communication Among Older Breast Cancer
Survivors. Predoctoral Fellowship, Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2002-2003.
Lukkahatai, N., Principal Investigator; Dalton, J. A.,
Sponsor. The Thai Cancer Pain Experience:
Relationship among Spiritual Beliefs, Pain
Appraisal, Pain Coping, and Pain Perception and
Outcomes. Doctoral Research Travel Award,
University Center of International Study, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2003-2004.
Pearce, P., Principal Investigator; Harrell, J. S., Sponsor.
Designing with children, for children – computer-ized
activity recall. National Research Service Award,
National Institute of Nursing Research, National
Institutes of Health, 2002-2004.
Stewart, J., Principal Investigator; Mishel, M. H.,
Sponsor. Test of a Model of Uncertainty in Children
with Cancer, Oncology Nursing Society, 2002-2004.
Stewart, J., Principal Investigator; Miles, M. H., Sponsor.
Predoctoral Fellowship, Center for Developmental
Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
2002-2003.
Wilde, M. H., Principal Investigator; Dougherty, M. C.,
Sponsor. Sensations of Urine Flow in People with
Foley Catheters. National Research Service Award,
National Institute of Nursing Research, National
Institutes of Health, 2002-2004.
INSTITUTIONAL NRSA AWARD RECIPIENTS
PREDOCTORAL STUDENTS
Beacham, P. (Holditch-Davis, D., sponsor) Management
of Neonatal Post-Operative Pain, 2002-2004.
28 CAROLINA NURSING RESEARCH CHRONICLE
Brown, E. (Sandelowski, M., sponsor). Transition to
Adulthood in Chronically Ill Adolescents, 2002-2003
Cho, J. (Holditch-Davis, D., sponsor). Effects of Gender
upon the Interaction of Mother and Child with
Chronic Health Problem, 2001-2003.
Greene, N. (Harrell, J. S., & Skelly, A. sponsors)
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in African American
Families, 2002-2004
Jessup, A. (Harrell, J. S., sponsor).
Prevention/Management of Obesity in Children,
2002-2004
Knobel, R. (Holditch-Davis, D., sponsor).
Thermoregulation in Extremely Low Birthweight
Infants, 2001-2003.
Lambe, C. (Germino, B., sponsor) Complimentary
Therapies, 2002-2004
Larson, K. (Sandelowski, M., sponsor) Sex Risk
Behaviors in Latino Adolescents, 2001-2002.
Rasmussen, S. (Dalton, J. A., sponsor). Pain Beliefs,
Pain Description and Pain Relief Measures of Chronic
Pain Patients, Family Members and Nurses, 2001-2003.
POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS
Burns, D. (Mishel, M. H., & Skelly, A., sponsors).
Factors that Influence Self-Care Management of
African-Americans with Type II Diabetes, 2001-2003.
Hughes, L. (Mark, B., sponsor). Discretion in Clinical
Decision Making and Its Relationship to Patient
Outcomes, 2001-2003.
Kim, S. S. (Pletsch, P., sponsor). A Focus Group of
Korean American Men: Personal and Sociocultural
Factors Contributing to Smoking Cessation,
2002-2004.
Enriquez, M. (Miles, M. S., sponsor). Readiness and
Adherence: A Descriptive Study Examining the
Index of Readiness” as a Predictor of Adherence in
HIV Women Beginning a New Regimen of Anti-HIV
Medications, 2002-2004.
PUBLICATIONS
Barroso, J., Gollop, C. J., Sandelowski, M., Meynell, J.,
Pearce, P. F., & Collins, L. (2003). The challenges of
searching for and retrieving qualitative studies.
Western Journal of Nursing research, 25(2), 153-178.
Frank-Stromborg, M., Ward, S., Hughes, L. C., Brown, K.,
Coleman, E. A., Grindel, C. G., & Miller-Murphy, C.
(2002). Does certification status of the oncology nurse
make a difference in patient outcomes? Oncology
Nursing Forum, 29, 665-672.
Harrell, J. S., Pearce, P. F., & Hayman, L. L., (2003).
Fostering prevention in the pediatric population.
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 18(2), 144-149.
Harrell, J. S., Pearce, P. F., Markland, E., Wilson, K.,
Bradley, C., & McMurray, R. G. (2003). Assessing phys-ical
activity in adolescents: Common activities of chil-dren
in 6th-8th grades. Journal of the American
Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 15, 20-28.
Holditch-Davis, D., Bartlett, T. R., Blickman, A. L., &
Miles, M. S. (2003). Posttraumatic stress symptoms
in mothers of premature infants. Journal of
Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 32, 161-171.
Hughes, L. C. (2002). Peer group caring interaction scale
and organizational climate for caring questionnaire.
In J. Watson (Ed.), Assessing and measuring caring
in nursing and health science (pp. 151-156). New
York: Springer.
Knobel, R. (2002). Congenital cutaneous candidiasis: A
case presentation. Neonatal Network. 21(6), 9-12.
Mishel, M.H. & Clayton, M.F. (2003). Uncertainty in ill-ness
theories. In M. J. Smith & P. Liehr (Eds.), Middle
range theory in advance practice nursing (pp. 25-48).
New York: Springer.
Olson, D. M. (2003). Ethical considerations. In S. Watson
& B. Meier (Eds.), Invasive cardiology: A manual
for cath lab personnel, 2nd Edition. Birmingham,
MI: Physicians’ Press.
Olson, D. M., Chioffi, S. M., Macy, G. E., Meek, L. G.,
Cook, H. A. (2003). The BIS monitor enhances patient
care and decreases cost in the neurocritical care set-ting.
Care Nurse.
Olson, D. M., Meek, L. G., & Taylor, D. M. (2003). Best
practice makes perfect. Advance for Nurses, 5(2), 13-14.
Pribisko, A. (2003). Preventing perioperative adverse drug
reactions. AORN, 77(1), 104-122.
Stewart, J. L. (2003). “Getting used to it”: Children find-ing
the ordinary and routine in the uncertain context
of cancer. Qualitative Health Research, 13, 394-407.
Therriault, R. E., & Cheek, D. (2002). Pharmacogenetic
implications for practitioners. In L. Jameson & J.
Evans (Eds.), Principles of molecular medicine,
2nd Edition Totowa, NJ: Human Press.
Wilde, M. H. (2002). Understanding urinary catheter
problems from the patient’s point of view. Home
Healthcare Nurse, 20(7), 449-456.
Wilde, M. H. (2002). Home care clinics: Long-term
catheters. ADVANCE: For Providers of Post-Acute
Care, 5(6), 22-4.
Wilde, M. H. (2003). Meanings and practical knowledge
of peole with long-term urinary catheters. With com-mentary
by B. L. Cameron. Journal of Wound
Ostomy Continence Nursing, 30(1), 33-43.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing
Annual Level of Extramural Research Funding
(1993–present)
January 2004
Nursing Update RN Refresher Course January 12–May 28
February 2004
History Taking and Physical Examination: February 3, 10, 17, 24
Sharpening Your Skills
Diabetes Management in Children & Adolescents February 6
Nursing Administration Review Course February 19–20
Critical Care Update February 26
March 2004
Kemble Lecture featuring Dr. Betty Ferrell and reception March 1
honoring Dr. Jo Ann Dalton upon her retirement
History Taking and Physical Examination: March 2, 16, 23, 30
Sharpening Your Skills
Substance Abuse Update March 5
15th Annual PACU & Ambulatory Surgery Conference March 13
Survival Skills for Nurse Educators March 18
in Staff Development Roles
Career Opportunities in Clinical Research: Understanding March 20–May 1
the Roles & Responsibilities of CRA and CRC
April 2004
Cutting Edge: Hot Topics in Neurology & Neurosurgery April 2
Test Construction for Critical Thinking in Nursing Education April 3
ONS Chemotherapy and Biotherapy Course April 14–15
Certificate in Clinical Leadership April 19–23
Latino Culture & Language April 22
SON Foundation Board meeting April 22
Pediatric Nursing Review Course April 28–30
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For more information or to
register for a Continuing
Education program, contact
the School of Nursing Office
of Continuing Education.
E-mail: nursing_ce@unc.edu
Phone: (919) 966-3638
FAX: (919) 966-0870
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