Biennial report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of North Carolina to Governor ..., for the scholastic years ... |
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I^ibrary of the University of North Carolina Endowed by the Dialectic and Philan-thropic Societies. C379 ^^ ^^L This hook must not be taken from the Library building. UMl'42S^' LUNC-1SMF.38 OP-1S906 Smr,^.°^''-C'^^ CHAPEL HILL 00030756192 This bookmust not be taken from the Library building. 95 XL^.A^ ;) oq; uo ^uo uo « SJ.N30 SAM *AlNO SMS 3 x^ BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE STATE SUPERINTENDENT PUBLIC INSTRUCTION NORTH CAROLINA FOR THE SCHOLASTIC YEARS FROM JULY 1, 1892, TO JUNE 30, 1893, AND FROM JULY 1, 1893, TO JUNE 30, 1894. MADE TO GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF 1895. RALEIGH : JosEPHus Daniei^s, State Printer and Binder. PRESSES OF EDWARDS * BROUGHTON. 1895./ office of State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Kaleigh, N. C, January 1, 1895. To His ExcelUncy Elias Carr, Governor of North Carolina. Sir—In compliance with Section 7, Article 3 of our State Constitution, and with Section 2540 of the Code of North Carolina, I submit to you my report for the two scholastic years from July 1, 1892, to June 30, 1893, and from July 1, 1893, to June 30, 1894, with such general remarks and special recommendations as I have seen proper to make in reference to our public school system, and with it the report of the Normal and Industrial School for White Women, at Greensboro, I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, JOHN C. SCARBOKOUGH, State Superintendent.of Public Instruction. INDEX. PAGE. Superintendent's remarks and recomnaendations. 9 Report of the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School, from October 1, 1893, to September 30,1894 14 Report of the President of the Normal and Industrial School . 17 Courses of study 18 Patronage ... 21 Boarding arrangements - 23 Finances.. 24 Treasurer and Bursar's report 26 Course of study for the public schools from Ist to 11th years 29 Text-books adopted by State Board of Education for use in the pub-lic schools .- 34 Peabody Funl, and scholarships at Nashville, Tenn.. 35 Peabody Fund received and disbursed. 37 Summary of statistics 38 Receipts for 1893 and 1894 38 Expenditures for 1893 and 1894 _ 38 Comparative statistics from 1884 to 1894 88 Census of school children from 1884 to 1894 39 Enrollment .. 39 Average attendance ^ 39 Average length of school term 40 Average sslary of teachers... — — 40 Value of public school property 40 Number of public school- houses 41 Number of public schools taught 41 Number of disiricts 42 Statistics of normal schools for 1898-94 for colored race 42 Institute work . 43 Reports of Institute Conductors 44 Report of Greensboro Normal Institute for Colored Teachers 47 Institute work by Faculty of the Normal and Industrial School 47 Normal Department of the Cullowhee High School 50 Normal schools for the colored race 59 Local Board of Directors and Principals 59 ^Salisbury, 1892-'93 ..; .. 59 Salisbury, 1893-'94 60 Report of Treasurer, 1892-'93 60 Report of Treasurer, 1893-94 61 I Fayetteville, 1892-'93 61 6 Index. PAGE. Fayetteville, 1893-'94 62 Report of Treasurer, 1893 J 63 Report of Treasurer, 1894 64 Goldsboro, for 1892-93 65 Goldsboro, for 1893-'94 67 Report of Treasurer for 1892-'93 68 Report of Treasurer for 1893-94 68 Plymouth, 1893-'93 69 Plymouth, 1893-'94 70 Report of Treasurer, 1892-'93.. 72 Report of Treasurer, 1893-94 72 Elizabeth City, l892-'93 - 72 EHzabeth City, 1893-'94.... .. .. 74 Report of Treasurer, 1892-93 74 Report of Treasurer, 1893-94 .76 Franklinton, 1893-'94 ..77 Report of Treasurer, 1893-94 78 Croatan Indian Normal School 79 Table 1—1893. School funds received 81 Table 2—1893. School funds disbursed... 84 Table 3—1893. Showing children between 6 and 21 years of "age enrolled and attending school, etc 87 Table 4—1893, Showing number of Public School Districts, etc 90 Tables—1893. Showing number teachers examined, etc 93 Table 6—1893. Showing number of pupils of different ages 96 Table 7—1893. Showing amount appropriated to white and colored, etc... 99 Table 1—1894. Funds received 102 Table 2—1894. Funds disbursed 105 Table 3—1894. Showing number children between 6 and 21 years of age, etc - 108 Table 4—1894. Showing number of Public School Districts, etc 111 Table 5—1894. Showing number of teachers examined, etc 114 Table 6—1894. Showing number of white pupils of different ages, from 6 to 21. etc ...117 Table 6—1894. Showing number of colored pupils of different ages, from 6 to 21, etc - 120 Table 7—1894. Showing amount appropriated to white and colored, etc.... 123 List of County Superintendents for 1894 126 List of County Boards of Education, 1894 128 BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE Superintendent of Public Instruction, SCHOLASTIC YEARS 1892-93 AND 1893-94. SUPERINTENDENT'S EECOMMENDATIONS AND REMARKS. Section 2540 of the Code of North Carolina makes it the duty of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction " to recommend such improvement in the school law as may occur to him." In the discharge of this dut}^ I make the following formal recommendations: First. I recommend the levy of more taxes direct by the Legislature for the support of the free public schools. Section 3 of Article 9 of the Constitution commands that one or more public schools in each school district shall be maintained at least yb?^/' months in every year. The total receipts as reported by the County Treasurers for schools for the school year 1893-'94: were $777,079.29. This sum, as shown by the reports of the County Superintendents, gave for the same year a fraction less than thirteen weeks. This falls short of four months by over sixteen days. A calculation will show that the sum of $12,500 is required for one day. Multiply by sixteen and we have $200,000 needed to carry the schools to eighty days at the present rate of paying teachers, which is less than an average of $25 per month. The value of the real and personal property of the State is $262,927,119.87. One cent on the $100 valuation 10 Report of Superintendent of Public [nstruction. will give $26,292.71. From this we see that seven and three-fifth cents on the $100 would be necessary, in addition to sixteen cents, the present rate. This would make a total of twenty-three and three-fifth cents on the $100. The Legis-lature ought to reach the four months' schools as required by the Constitution, if possible. It ought not to stop short of twenty-two cents on the $100 for schools. It must be constantly borne in mind that an efficient system of public schools which will reach and give to every child an elementary education, such as the studies prescribed by law for our public schools indicate as our purpose, is an expensive institution. We have played with this important subject quite long enough. We ought to take hold of it with a determination to accomplish it, certainly to the requirements of our Constitution. Second. I recommend that Section 2654 of The Code, as amended hj Section 44, Chapter 199, Laws of 1889, be amended in such way as will make it easier to have an elec-tion in each township, city or town on the question of local taxes for schools, and I recommend further, that Section 2655 of The Code be amended in such way as to increase the rate of local taxes for public schools. The maximum of one-tenth of one per cent, ought to be at least doubled. The greatest defect in our school system, as at present constituted, lies just here. An examination of the various systems of the States and Territories of this Union has convinced me that those systems having this provision as a general statute have been brought to their present state of efficiency largely by this feature in their laws ; and that those systems having this feature are, other things being equal, much more efficient than those without this feature. Much the larger part of the money spent for schools in New England and the Middle States, and in the States of the West and Northwest, is raised by local taxes levied by a vote of the people in the townships and towns as units for taxation for local school purposes. The supplement by Ttoo Years Ending June 30, 1891^. 11 local taxation is many times larger than the general fund for school purposes. These local taxes are raised thus because it is made easy by law for the people of each town or township to come together and vote as a community for school taxes for the benefit of the whole people of the com-munity so voting. Let us follow their example. The need is a pressing need, and the end to be attained is worthy of our best efforts and greatest sacrifices. I have submitted our present school law to the criticism of some of the most experienced and successful public school officers at the head of the most successful school systems. From these there is one opinion on this point. " The great need of your system is the 'local option school tax feature.' " This will bring the public schools home to the people in their local ideas and preferences. Each town and township voting the special tax will have better schools than those adjoining. This will lead to inquiry as to why this is so. Every citizen having the benefits of the better schools will have the answer ready. Thus we will have here and there centres of influence giving light and infor-mation on the best way to have good schools, and the schools will be there to give the best of all evidence on the subject—the work done. Who can estimate the influence in this direction of the graded schools already established in many of our cities and towns under special acts. To convince the citizens of one town of the great advantages of these schools, and to put them to work for such schools at their own homes, we have only to invite them to come and see. They go home saying, we will go and do likewise. What is true of these schools will also be true of every school for which a special tax is voted, whether in town or country. A proper spirit of rivalry will also spring up between schools, each school striving to surpass its neighbor in char-acter of work done, number enrolled, average attendance 12 Beport of Superintendent of Pnhlic Instructton. and methods of progress. The enemies of public schools will continually decrease in numbers, and first-class public schools will take the place of inefficient public and private schools. Teachers will find constant and permanent em-ployment as teachers, and we shall have our schools supplied largely by professional teachers, devoting all their time and energies to the work of the school-room, instead of by acci-dental teachers, who make teaching a stepping-stone to some other calling. The people will pay the taxes more willingly because the money is to be devoted to the home schools, and the blessings of good schools will be brought to the home of each taxpayer. I urge this matter upon the special consideration of the members of the Legislature, because I know it to be a matter of vital importance to us. The spirit of our people is now in sympathy with the public schools, and with wise and steady progress in school work. The time is oppor-tune and the people demand it, because they are realizing, now as never before, the necessity of putting a good school in the reach of every citizen's home and children. Third. Chapter 200 of the Laws of 1889 appropriated $4,000 for Teachers' Institute work in the State. Chapter 139, Laws of 1891, turned this appropriation to the support of the Normal and Industrial School at Greensboro. That is a good work for the State and for the schools and cause of general education in the State. The Institute work needs to be done now, and will continue to be a pressing need if we are to have our teachers in the j)ublic schools to be live, wide-awake, progressive teachers, earning in good work done the money they receive for teaching. We ought to have a Teachers' Institute, conducted by a first-class teacher and wise trainer of teachers, in each county each year. This will bring opportunities to teachers of the public schools which they cannot have elsewhere, for the simple reason that the larger number of them cannot T%oo Years Ending June 30, 189J^.. 13 go from the home county to seek opportunities, I recom-mend that the Legislature supply this need by an appropria-tion sufficient to meet it. This can be done by amending section 1, chapter 200, Laws of 1889. The fund there appro-priated was taken from the "summer iN'ormals" held in former years. These were called "Normals," but were Institutes of three or four weeks duration held at a few places. Carry the Institute to each county, and require the teachers to attend and improve themselves or be dropped from the roll of teachers in the public schools. Fourth. I recommend that the school systern in other respects be left intact as it now exists. It is as good as the systems of most other States, if the recommendations in reference to increase of funds for school purposes by gen-eral and local taxation be carried into etfect by the Legisla-ture. Put money enough into the system to support it (and it is more cheaply conducted than the larger number of school systems in this country), and it will compare favora-bly with the best. Let no violent changes be made in the interest of a false economy. We must have supervision, and to have this well done we must have paid Supervisors. No "cheap-john" school system has ever amounted to anything, and in the very nature of school work no such system can ever grow into anything useful in training citizens for a free country controlled by a free, independent and noble people. This most important interest of our people is in the hands of the people's representatives. Let them deal with it as wise men, intrusted with no more important interest in the wide domain of legislative statesmanship than this question of public education. JOHN C. SCARBOROUGH, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 14 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. I incorporate in this report the report of the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School for .White Women, at Greensboro, N. C, which is as follows: REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FROM OCTOBER 1st, 1892, TO SEPTEMBER 30th, 1894. Hon. Elias Carr, Governor of North Carolina. Dear Sir—Section 3 of Chapter 139, Laws of 1891, makes it the duty of the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School to submit to the Governor, biennially, before the meeting of each General Assembly, a report of the operations of the institution. In compliance with this provision of the statute, we respectfully submit our biennial report, showing the operations of the Normal and Industrial School during the first two years of its existence, from Octo-ber 1st, 1893, to September 30th, 1894. By reference to the act creating the institution, it will appear, from the fifth section thereof, that the Normal and Industrial School was established for the purpose of (1) " giving to young women such educa-tion as shall fit them for teaching, (2) to give instruction to young women in drawing, telegraphy, typewriting, stenography, and such other industrial arts as may be suitable to their sex and conducive to their support and usefulness." In the management of the institution, the Board of Directors have endeavored to keep constantly in view this purpose, and to observe as far as possible the legislative intent in creating the school. We transmit herewith, and as a part of this report, the report of Charles D. Mclver, President of the institution, and with his report a financial statement by E. J. Forney, Treasurer and Bursar. The state-ment of Mr. Forney of the financial condition of the institution was made by him after a careful and thorough examination of his books and vouchers by the Auditing Committee appointed by the Board of Directors. The following gentlemen compose said committee: M. C. S. Noble of Wilmington, B. F. Aycock of Wayne County, and J. M. Spainhour of Caldwell County. The President's report will indicate the scope of the institution and the character of the work it is accomplishing, and the Treasurer's statement will show its financial condition. We beg to call your Excellency's attention to the fact shown by the President's report, that the patronage of the institution has not been local in its character, but that representatives from nearly every county in the State have shared its privileges and benefits. Tloo Years Ending Juyie SO, 189 If.. 15 It is deemed proper to state in this connection that our accommoda-tions are inadequate to meet the requests for admission into the Normal and Industrial School, coming from young women in every section of our State. We cannot, with the means at our command at present, increase the capacity of the institution to a point commensurate with the demands made upon it. The great increase in patronage over that of the first year shows that the work of the institution is appreciated, and is responsive to the demands of the times. It is a matter of regret that since the beginning of the third scholastic year, the Board of Directors have been informed by Hon. J. L. M. Curry, General Agent of the Peabody Education Fund, that on account of the reduced amount of said fund at his command. North Carolina's apportionment therefrom must be smaller than heretofore. During the scholastic year 1894-95, the Normal and Industrial School can expect only $1,750 from the Peabody Fund. This is $1,250 less than we received from that fund last year. Dr. Curry says: "I am compelled, most reluctantly and sorrowfully, to reduce the appropriation for your State." It is gratifying to note Dr. Curry's estimate of the institution and its management, as is evidenced by the following language contained in his report to the Trustees of the Peabody Fund, at their meeting in New York City, Oct. 4, 1894: " Having been largely instrumental in the establishment of ' The State Normal and Industrial School' at Greensboro, the Trustees (of Peabody Fund) must feel the liveliest satisfaction at its great success under its present prudent and able management." The General Assembly of 1893 passed an act. Chapter 182, Public Laws of 1893, the second section of which act is as follows: " That for the purpose of discharging the indebtedness of the Normal and Industrial School, there is hereby appropriated out of any funds in the State Treasury not otherwise appropriated the annual sum of forty-five hundred dollars for two years; and further, that the State Board of Education be and it is hereby directed to invest nine thousand ($9,000) dollars of the North Carolina State bonds of the educational fund in the State Treasury in payment of the mortgage debt due to R. S. PuUen and R. T. Gray, for the property purchased from them by the Normal and Industrial School, and the said property shall be conveyed to the State Board of Education, to be held by it in trust: first, to secure the annual payment by said school of four per centum interest on nine thousand ($9,000) dollars to the State Treasurer for the general educa-tional fund; and, second, to reconvey said property to said school upon its repaying the said sum of nine thousand dollars advanced as aforesaid from the educational fund." 16 Reixjrt of Sxtperintendent of Pahlic Instruction. Under this section we drew the forty-five hundred ($4,500) dollars appropriated for each of the years 1893 and 1894, $9,000, and applied the same to the payment of the indebtedness, as per the act of A.s3embly. We also received the nine thousand dollars in North Carolina four per cent, bonds of the educational fund, invested by the State Board of Education as per the provisions of the above-quoted section, and paid the mortgage debt to R. S. PuUen and R. T. Gray for the property pur-chased from them by the Normal and Industrial School. The said property has been conveyed to the State Board of Education, to be held by said Board in trust, according to the conditions prescribed in the last clause of the said section quoted. We have paid the four per cent, interest on said investment by the State Board of Education to the Treasurer of the said Board for the benefit of the educational fund of State. V The deed to the State Board of Education for said property was exe-cuted by John C. Scarborough, President, and E. McK. Goodwin, Sec-retary, of the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School, by order of the Board of Directors, on the Ist day of March, 1893, We provided, under the supervision of the chairman of the Board of Directors, for ihe male members of the Faculty to hold County Teachers' Institutes, under the provisions of section 6 of Chapter 139, Laws of 1891. The chairman informs us that a more detailed statement of this Insti tute work will appear in his biennial report to the General Assembly of 1895. In concluding this report, we beg to assure your Excellency that you will always be a welcome visitor at the Institution. We trust that the General Assembly of 1895 will do us the honor to appoint a committee to visit the institution for the purpose of examin-ing the buildings, their equipment, and the work now being done by the institution. Respectfully submitted, JOHN C. SCARBOROUGH, President, J. M. SPA IN HOUR, Secretary, M. C. S, NOBLE, E. McK, GOODWIN, R. H. STANCELL B, F. AYCOCK, S. M. FINGER. R, D, GILMER, H. G. CHATHAM, W. P. SHAW,* Raleigh, N. C, Dec. 14, 1894. Board of Directors. * When this report was prepared, W. P. Shaw was abscnton account of sickness. Two Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 17 PRESIDENT'S REPORT. To the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School. At your request I have prepared the following statement of the gen-eral operations of the Normal and Industrial School for the past two years, ending September 30, 1894. The act establishing the Normal and Industrial School was passed by the General Assembly of 1891, and in October, 1892, the doors of the institution were opened for the reception of students. The purpose for which the institution was created is stated in section 5 of the act establishing it, which is as follows: "Sec. 5. The objects of the institution shall be (1) to give to young women such education as shall fit them for teaching; (2) to give instruc-tion to young women in drawing, telegraphy, typewriting, stenography, and such other industrial arts as may be suitable to their sex and con-ducive to their support and usefulness. Tuition shall be free to those who signify their intention to teach upon such conitions as may be pre-scribed by the board of directors." A Normal College and an Industrial School combined into one institu-tion requires a course of study embracing a wide range, a large number of instructors and recitation rooms, and varied equipment. Keeping constantly in view the requirements of the charter " to give to young women such education as shall fit them for teaching," and to give them instruction in "such industrial arts as may be suitable to their sex and conducive to their support and usefulness," the authorities of the institution adopted a course of study embracing — 1. A Normal Department. 2. A Commercial Department. 3. A Domestic Science Department. The object of the Normal Department is to give, first, the scholarship necessary to good teaching, when this has not been acquired elsewhere; and, second, knowledge of the history of education and great educa-tional movements, acquaintance with ancient and modern theories and practices in education, together with training, including observation and actual practice, in right methods of teaching. The Commercial Department includes stenography, typewriting, teleg-raphy and bookkeeping. The Domestic Science Department includes, sewing, cutting and fit-ting, and combining colors; cooking, preparing food for the sick; and general household economics. Students who desire to study only one department, and who are pre-pared to do the work in that department, can give their entire attention to it. From the beginning there have been a number of students who have done this, but a large majority have preferred to take work in more than one department. The board of directors and Faculty have, therefore, after careful study and consideration, adopted the following 18 Report of Superintendent of Puhlio Inst/ruction. three courses of study, the completion of any one of which entitles the student to a diploma of graduation: COURSES OF STUDY. Course I. Regular Course. FRESHMAN. Algebra English General and English History Latin Physical Geography and Botany Drawing Vocal Music Physical Culture 6 c8 12; SOPHOMORE. c3 d «8 Plane Geometry ._ I 4 English I 3 Latin 4 Modern Language I 3 Chemistry : 5 Psychology 3 Drawing i 2 Vocal Music j I Physical Culture 2 JUNIOR. Solid Geom. and Plane Trig. English Latin Modern Language Physics Physiology History of Education Physical Culture SENIOR. Spherical Trig, and Arith English History Latin or Modern Language Geology or Zoology Methods and Practice FRESHMAN. Algei'ra English - General and English History Ijalin Physical Geography and Botany. * Sewing Vocal Music Physical Culture * Instead of one year of drawing. SOPHOMORE. Plane Geometry English Latin *Cutting and Fitting. — Chemistry Psychology Drawing (first year) Vocal Music Physical Culture * Instead of one year of modern language. COUKSE 11. Allowing Special Attention to Domestic Science. 12; Two Years Ending June 30, 18H. 19 Course 11.— Continued. JUNIOR. Solid Geom. and Plane Trig English Latin * Cooking Physics Physiology History of Education Physical Culture Instead of one year of modern language. O 01 6 ^ SENIOR. Spherical Trig, and A.rith English History Latin (jfeology and Zoology Methods and Practice *Hoasehold Economics-- Additional. d o3 'A Course III. Allowing Special Attention to Commercial Department. FRESHMAN. Algebra English -. General and English History' Latin Physical Geography and Botany Drawing Vocal Music Physical Culture JUNIOR. dm 6 s Z English Latin Modern Language Shorthand Physiology History of Education Physical Culture Instead of physics and junior mathematics. SOPHOMORE. Plane Geometry English Latin Modern Language Chemistry Psychology Bookkeeping Vocal Music Physical Culture Instead of 2d year drawin SENIOR. English History Latin or Modern Language — . .Shorthand Typewriting Methods and Practice Instead of .senior science and senior mathematics. d d 3 .3 3 5 23^ 20 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. It will be noticed that this course of study connects with the course prescribed by the school law for the public schools of the State. Nothing is required for adaiission to the institution which is not taught in the public schools, because to make the requirements for scholarship higher than that would exclude fronj the advantages of the institution alto-gether a large class of ambitious young women who have very few edu-cational opportunities except those offered by the public schools. Of course those whose scholarship will justify it can enter sophomore, junior, or senior classes. All students who are working in one of the regular courses (and this embraces at least nine-tenths of the enrollment), are required to take work in the Pedagogics Department above the freshman year; and even in the freshman year drawing and vocal music are given with a view to helping teachers use these branches in the schools which they will teach, and special work i'^ given by different members of the Faculty in methods of teaching arithmetic, English, and geography. For students who can remain only one year and expect to teach, a special course in methods is given, if their general scholarship is sufficient to allow them to take it. Each candidate for a diploma or certificate is required to spend a portion of her last year in the Practice and Observation School, where the theories of the department of Pedagogics are tested and illustrated, so far as it is practicable for this to be done. More room is needed for the Practice and Observation School, and it is hoped that within a year some arrangement can be made with the Greensboro schoolboard by which we can have a new public school near the institution which can be used for a practice school by our student-teachers. The average number of students doing work in the Domestic Science Department during the two years was 180, while the average number devoting themselves to the Commercial Course was about 50. Unless there is some special reason why it should be done, no student is excused from taking physical culture, vocal music, and drawing, which last is both a normal and an industrial study. During the past two years diplomas have been granted to eighteen young women, who are the only graduates of the institution at this time. Special certificates in the Normal Department have been granted to twenty others who had completed the freshman and sophomore courses creditably, and had taken a special additional course in the Department of Pedagogics. Certificates have also been given to ten students of the shorthand course, certifying to the fact that they could write from 80 to 120 words a minute. Most of these students have found no difficulty in securing good positions to teach, or in business offices. What is true of those holding diplomas and certificates of the institution, is also true, in a measure, of a large number who were com-pelled to leave the institution before completing any prescribed course. Two Years Ending June 30^ 189J/,. 2L The enrollment of students during the first year was 283 The enrollment of students during the second year was... 391 The number of matriculates, that is, the number of individuals who entered as students during the two years, was 486 The number of matriculates for the first three years will be about. 700 Of the 223 students enrolled the first year, the names of more than sixty will appear on the catalogue of this, our third year; more than ninety have taught since they left the institution; a few have been unable to secure positions; and more than fifty were under no obligation to teach, as they paid the regular charges for tuition. I have not full information as to how many of those who left us at the end of the sec-ond year, last May, have become teachers; but it is known that of the 486 young women who matiiculated during the first two years, at least 150 have become teachers. About 200 of them are still students of the institution. PATRONAGE. The patronage of the Normal and Industrial School from the day it opened to the present time has been all that its best friends could have expected it to be. By this I refer not merely to numbers, but especially to the representative character of the patronage. It is thoroughly North Carolinian, and includes young women from all sections of the State and of all grades of previous educational opportunity. Among them are graduates of our leading institutions for girls; graduates from our graded schools; those who have been prepared by their local private academies; and many others whose educational opportunities have been only those afforded by public schools throughout the State. The majority, according to their own statements, came because the Normal and Industrial School is the only insiitulion offering what they desired within their financial reach. This class almost invariably take the obli-gation to teach, and clai n free tuition under the provisions of the act establishing the institution. Another class came because they wanted to prepare for teaching or industrial pursuits, and preferred an institu-tion whose main purpose is to give such preparation, and where the general surroundings are in harmony with their purposes. Others still, who belong to neither of these classes, but who believe in thoroughness in the essentials of education, and who think it wise to be prepared to earn their living, should it ever become necessary, were attracted because of the einphasis the Normal and Industrial School places upon the practical side of education. This last class of students have gene-rally paid tuition and have not taken the obligation to become teachers. The students are, as a rule, mature young women, thoughtful and industrious, and anxious to improve every opportunity, To be admitted to the iiistitution. applicants must be as old as sixteen years, counting the nearest birthday. When there are special reasons for admitting a 22 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. student who is only fifteen, the Board of Directors allows it to be done, but exceptions were made during the first two years in only eight cases, and the average age of students was between nineteen and twenty years. I feel that I ought to call your attention to the fact that the students themselves are supporting, or aiding in the support, of six or eight young women in the institution. Each of the two literary societies, the Cornelian and Adelphian, support one student, and a number of young women who have worked their way through the institution, and who are now teaching, are sending back small annual contributions to a general fund with which others are helped. While this is not to be a report of the operations of the institution since October, the beginning of our present fiscal and scholastic year, yet I think it is proper to say that our enrollment now is only slightly larger than it was last year. We have reached the limit of our recita-tion- room capacity. Nearly every recitation-room is now used by two teachers or more during the day, part of the teaching work beginning at 8:15 A. M., and a part of it being done as late as 5:30 P. M. While the Board found it necessary, on this account, to limit the number of students, yet a larger number of counties is represented than hereto-fore. There are now only eight counties of the ninety-six in the State that have had no representative at the Normal and Industrial School. The following interesting and suggestive table of statistics, obtained from the students themselves when they entered the institution, shows the character of the patronage and its wide range as to locality, class and previous educational opportunities : YEAR 1892-'93. YEAR 1893-94. 223 Number of students enrolled 391 19| Average age of students. ... 19f 70 - Number of counties represented 77 14 .. Number of graduates of other institutions for women 24 8 Number of graduates of public high schools 18 80 Number who have taught 104 95 Number who defrayed their own expenses 127 53 Number whose fathers are not living 97 83 -. Number whose fathers are farmers 153 16 Number whose fathers are merchants 26 9 Number whose fathers are bookkeepers 7 8 Number whose fathers are clergymen 7 8 Number whose fathers are physicians .-. 16 5 Number whose fathers are teachers 6 5 Number whose fathers are lawyers 11 Number whose fathers are lumber dealers 8 Two Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 23 YEAR 1892-'93. YEAR 1893-94. Number whose fathers are liverymen 1 2 Number whose fathers are drummers 5 ... Number whose fathers are auctioneers... 1 Number whose fathers are manufacturers 4 2 Number whose fathers are millers 4 Number whose fathers are mechanics -. 5 2 Number whose fathers are engineers 3 2 Number whose fathers are tobacconists 3 2 Number whose fathers are railroad agents 7 2 ,. Number whose fathers are hotel proprietors 3 2 Number whose fathers are insurance agents 4 1 Number whose fathers are bankers 1 2 Number whose fathers have retired from business 6 15 .Number whose fathers are engaged in miscellaneous business. 17 Number educated, partially or entirely, in public schools 317 Number who, according to their own statement, would not have attended any North Carolina College if they had not become students of the Normal and Industrial School 246 THESE FIGURES SHOW : 1. That 32 percent., or nearly one-third, of the students of the past year defrayed their own expenses, with borrowed money or with their own earnings, and without help from parents. 2. That 63 per cent., or nearly two- thirds, would have attended no other North Carolina college if they had not become students of the Normal and Industrial School. 3. That 317 students, or 81 per cenr., received thfir preparation par-tially or entirely in the public schools. BOARDING ARRANGEMENTS. Board in the dormitories has been furnished within the limit made by law, that is, $8 a month. The cost of board during the first year was $7.79|- a month, and during the second year $7,931. There are a number of families living near the institution, the distance ranging fi'om one hundred yards to a quarter of a mile, where board is furnished at from $9 to $12 a month, the usual rate being $10 or $10.50. During the first year the institution enrolled, besides local students, more than sixty who boarded in private families; during the second year more than one hundred. While under the same general management, the boarding arrange-ment for the students is kept entirely separate from the regular work of the institution, there being no dormitory rooms in the main school-building. No part of the State appropriations and revenues of the 24 Rejyort of Superintendent of Public Instruction. institution proper, derived from other sources, can be used for boarding expenses, nor is the institution allowed by law to make any profit on the board furnished. There are three dormitory buildings under the general care of a lady Principal, assisted by two other members of the Faculty. The institution employs as a member of its Faculty a woman physi-cian, who teaches physiology, and who is the resident physician, both for the students in the dormitories and for those who board in private families, including the local patronage. While the health of the stu-dents has been excellent as a rule, I desire to urge the necessity of a good infirmary, separate from all other buildings. This is needed both to promote the comfort of our patients, and for protection against epi-demics, and panics caused by the fear of epidemics. It would also lighten the work of the physician, and prevent the necessity of her leaving the premises at night to attend any cases of severe illness which might occur in private boarding-houses. I wish to call your attention to another urgent need. Our dining-room will accommodate only one-half of our dormitory students at once, and ought to be enlarged as soon as it is possible for the Board of Directors to find the funds with which to enlarge it. The dormitories will now accommodate two hundred and seventy boarders. As you are already aware, the porches which were a part of the orig-inal design for the main dormitory building have never been added, on account of our lack of funds. FINANCES. For your information on financial matters. I refer you to the state-ment of the Bursar and Treasurer, showing the receipts and disburse-ments of the institution for the period of two years, ending September 30, 1894. You will observe that the disbursements exceed the receipts |1,262.82, which amount was overdrawn at the bank a few days before October Ist. This was made necessary, partly, by the fact that the reve-nue derived from the book rent for two years was not sufficient to pay for the books and recitation apparatus necessary to carry on the work of the institution. Book rents for the third year did not come in until after October 1, and they have been used since then to balance the overdrawn account, as well as to pay for the comparatively small addi-tion of books the third year. Moreover, it was thought by the Executive Committee that additional recitation room was necessary, and it was decided to extend the wooden dormitory so as to make four recitation-rooms on the lower floor, and so that the second floor could be used to accommodate twenty addi-tional tuition-paying students, thus bringing in an annual revenue of This will pay very soon for the expense of the additional build- Tloo Years Ending June 30, 1894-. 25 ing, furniture, etc., though the first year's receipts will not be equal to the expense. A part of this expense of building was incurred last summer, and had to be paid out of last year's funds. The rest of the expense has been met since October 1 with this year's* revenues, and the institution owes no debts now which it cannot pay when they shall fall due. With the present annual appropriation and probable receipts we can pay our expenses for the present year, and have no indebtedness October 1, 1895. It will not be possible, however, to do more than this. The dining-room must remain unenlarged, and the porches, the infirmary and a school-building for the Practice and Observation School, which is one of our greatest needs, must remain unbuilt. Nor can there be any mate-rial addition to our library. I feel that I should refer to the need of a larger gymnasium, but will not dwell upon it at this time. I believe that it would be wise for the Board of Directors to present these needs to the Governor in their report, calling attention to the fact that the State has not been called upon to buy the land or erect the buildings for the Normal and Industrial School; that the land belonging to the institution was a donation to the State from private individuals; that the brick buildings were erected and completed chiefly with the money voted by the town of Greensboro, and by tuition fees from the students; that the wooden dormitories are leased, one from the State Board of Education and the other from a private individual, the rent for both being paid with receipts from students' fees; and that, notwith-standing the fact that the Board of Directors have used all their resources to make the accommodations as ample as possible, yet it is impossible to receive many applicants who desire to be admitted to the institution. The Normal and Industrial School belongs to the people of the State. There is ample evidence that it has won their appreciation, and that there was a genuine demand and need for the institution. I do not doubt that the representatives of the people will carefully consider its needs, and that they will do whatever seems proper and possible to pro-mote its welfare. Before concluding this report, I should like to express my high esti-mate of the work done by the Faculty whom you have associated with me, and also to thank the Board of Directors for its uniform courtesy and consideration. CHARLES D. McIVER, December 14, 1894. President. 26 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. TREASURER AND BURSAR'S REPORT. State Normal and Industrial School, Greensboro, N. C, December 12, 1894. To the Board of Directors. Gentlemen—As Treasurer of the Board of Directors, and Bursar of the Institution, I beg to make the following statement of the moneys received and disbursed for the two fiscal years beginning October 1st, 1892, and ending September 30th, 1894 : RECEIPTS for the TWO YEARS. 1892. Balance on last quarter of State appropria-tion through President of Board of Direct-ors % 598 69 1893. Balance on first semi-annual State appropri-ation 4,769 84 1893. Second semi-annual State appropriation 6,250 00 1894. First semi-annual State appropriation 6,250 00 1894. Second semi-annual State appropriation 6,250 00 $24,118 03 1893. Special appropriation to pay indebtedness for hot-water heating system, Thomas Wood-roflfe contractor, etc $4,500 00 1894. Special appropriation to pay indebtedness for hot-water heating system, Thomas Wood-roflfe contractor, etc 4,500 00 9,000 00 1892-93. PeabodyFund $5,000 00 1893-94. PeabodyFund 8,000 00 8,000 00 1892-93. Tuition $2,146 00 1883-94. Tuition 4,727 00 6,873 00 1892-93. Amount received from rent of books.... $1,065 00 1898-94. Amount received from rent of books 1,866 00 3,931 00 1892-93. Physician's, physical culture and inci-dental fees $1,490 00 1893-94. Physician's, physical culture and inci-dental fees -- 2,614 00 4,104 00 1892-93. Single beds and piano rent $229 00 1893-94. Single beds and piano rent 185 00 414 00 1892-93. Rent of President's residence $180 00 1893-94. Rent of President's residence 180 00 360 00 Two Years Ending June SO, 189Jf,. 27 1892-93. Sundry cash, profit on laundry, receipts from insurance companies, carriage hire, drayage, etc $148 96 1893-94. Sundry cash, profit on laundry, receipts from insurance companies, carriage hire, drayage, etc 810 57$ 959 53 Totals $56,759 56 $56,759 56 DISBURSEMENTS FOR THE TWO YEARS. 1892-93. Faculty, eleven regular teachers $10,550 00 1893-94. Faculty, sixteen regular teachers 18.622 55 $24,172 55 1892-93. Books for use of institution, text-books and Hbrary $2,027 69 1893-94. Books for use of institution, text-books and library 1,359 84 3,387 53 1892-93. General Expenses—Servants' hire, car-penter, printing, catalogues, postage, stationery, electric light, water pipes, sewer pipes, repairing, expenses inci-dent to board meetings (no per diem), etc - $2,407 53 1893-94. General Expenses—Servants' hire, car-penter, printing, catalogues, postage, stationery, electric light, water pipes, sewer pipes, repairing, expenses inci-dent to board meetings (no per diem), etc 2,472 06 4,879 59 Indebtedness Paid— Notes to Thomas Woodrofife, contractor, and part interest $6,500 00 American Heater Company's note and interest... 2,079 62 To Thomas Woodroffe, contractor, balance on ac-count 3,000 00 11,579 62 Permanent Improvements— Completing third story of brick dormitory, furni-ture, tableware, range and kitchen furni-ture, making accommodations for about one hundred additional boarders in dormitories. $3,698 75 New brick kitchen, stable, servants' house, work on grounds, hot-water boilers, baths and labor on additional dormitory and reception rooms 2,359 51 $6,058 26 28 Rejjort of Superintendent of PuUic Instruction. Equipment— Chemistry, Physics, CoQimercial, Domestic Science and Art Departments, Practice School and Gymnasium Three pianos, one organ, office desks, chairs and miscellaneous equipment .. - Vehicles, horses, harness, wagon and general im-plements for work on premises Insurance, three years Interest for eighteen months paid on $9,000 of 4 per cent, bonds invested by the State Board of Education in buildings and land, bought from Pullen and Gray.. 540 00 Interest to Pullen and Gray before State Board of Education invested their bonds Other interest to carry notes at bank Rent of Teague building, used for dormitory pur-poses Fuel Freight on school furniture .... 3,020 00 Two Years Ending June 30, 1894-. 29 COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. I insert in this report a course of study for the ordinary public schools in the State, prepared by my predecessor, Hon. S. M. Finger. I take his scheme, in the main, and publish it for the information of teachers and school officers. The following course of shidy is intended to guide the teachers not so much as to how much should be accomplished in this general system of public schools, but more especially to guide them as to the order in which the different books on our State list should be taken up. The course supposes that the child enters school at six years of age and attends regularly four months each year. If he has ordinary capacity and good teaching, and especially if he is encouraged to read and study at home during the long vacations—at least enough to hold progress already made—this course can be fairly well accomplished as laid down. Every teacher should strive earnestly to have the pupils become inter-ested in completing the steps year by year, and to secure such co-opera-tion by parents as will induce them to buy for their children not only the text-books as they are indicated by the course, but to get also for them other entertaining books that will induce them to read. This reading will not only 'give them information which they ought to have, but it will give them a vocabulary and an ability to understand the language in which their text-books and other books are written, and so enable them the better to accomplish the coarse. If children do not advance as rapidly as they should their parents may be as much at fault as the teacher. The age of the children will not always indicate what branches are to be taken. Some children will be found less advanced than others who are younger, and will have to take studies according to advancement rather than age. But still the course of study will indicate what branches ought ordinarily to be pursued at the same time as parallel studies. Other children will be found who are advanced proportionally more in one branch than in another, and the course will, perhaps, not show what branches they ought to take as parallel studies. Under such conditions there is opportunity for the exercise of the common sense of the teacher, without which success is impossible. If the teachers will carefully note what is specially intended they will the more easily be able to classify the pupils and advance them. 1. An earnest effort is to be made to get the children to read under-standingly at as early an age as pcissible. Hence the stress laid upon the use of the Readers and Harrington's Speller in such thorough and systematic way as necessary to give the children the meaning and use 30 Report of Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction. of the words. In the early stages of the course this meaning is not to be learned from definitions, but by actual use of the words in sentences. 2. The four fundamental rules in arithmetic are to be thoroughly learned before the pupils are allowed to pass beyond them. At first the children will not be able to read well enough to use an arithmetic, and so the teacher will have to devise means to teach them something about figures without the book in their hands. As a rule, perhaps Sanford's Primary Arithmetic may be placed in their hands when they begin the Third Reader. Of course, along with this practice in the four fundamental rules the pupils must have some practical examples. These can be made up by the teacher or be taken from the books. It is, perhaps, needless to say that blackboards are indispensable. 3. Penmanship is to be incidentally taught at the very beginning of the course by the use of slate and pencil. Later it should be taught to all the pupils by the use of pen and ink and copy-books. In what has been said so far, attention to reading, writing and ele-mentary arithmetic has been emphasized. The "three R's" are of first importance, and every teacher should give special attention to the instruc-tion of the smaller children in these fundamentals. It too often happens that the smaller children in our ungraded county schools are neglected. In the multiplicity of the work which the teacher has to do, he rather inclines to bestow undue attention upon the more advanced pupils. They ought to be more able to help themselves-than those less advanced. A determined effort ought to be made by all teachers to advance the smaller children, so that at as early a day as possible they may be able to use the text-books intelligently and profitably. This accomplished, the books on the different subjects should be put into their hands and lessons assigned. At regular times (not necessarily every day in each study), these lessons should be " heard " and thoroughly explained and enlarged upon by the teacher. 4. Geography and history, in this course, occupy a prominent place. All will at once see the reason for this. Certainly everyone should know what kind of a world he lives in; what kind of people have lived in it, and what kind now live in it; what they have made out of it, and what they have done. One of the greatest mistakep some people make is to lay little stress upon these branches as studies to be pur-sued in the schools. Our law does not specially contemplate the use of textbooks in the natural sciences. All through the course, however, from the very beginning to the end, the teacher should give instruction about Nature-all objects which surround the children in such great numbers. While the study of geography is pursued there is excellent opportunity for this line of work. Teach the children to go through the world with their eyes open, seeing everything and inquiring about everything. Two Years Ending June 30, 189Jf.. 31 5. As to English grammar, two mistakes are made: (a) A disposition to neglect it, if not entirely to eliminate it from the school course; and (b) An effort to place books on technical grammar in the hands of children before they can comprehend the language in which they are written. This course of study indicates what is considered a proper place for this very important study. Perhaps there is no branch that is more diflScult to teach and that requires more effort on the part of the teacher. But surely it has a place in a course, the main object of which should be to give to every pupil the intelligent and fluent use of his own lan-guage— the language in which he reads and conducts his ordinary busi-ness orally and by letter-writing. It is conceded that much can be done in this direction by language lessons, such as we have in our readers, speller, and other books, but at the proper time the grammars must be studied. 6. Instruction is to be given to all children orally, or from lessons assigned them from text-books, when far enough advanced to use them, relative to the preservation of health and the effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics. The course indicates a plan for this instruction, and every teacher must give due attention to it. 7. The course is not laid down beyond sixteen years of age. At that age the pupil is supposed to have gone over the branches usually studied in the common-school course. If pupils desire to pursue other studies, such as usually belong to a high-school course, the committees have authority to arrange for them to be taught. COURSE OF STUDY. FIRST YEAR. (Suppose that the child enters school at six years of age, and has no knowledge of books.) McGuffey's Primer, with slate; writing words on slite; making fig-ures; counting, etc. [Note.—The teacher in teaching reading should not confine himself to any one method. A combination of the different methods is best, especially of the word method and the alphabetical method. Begin with the word method, but as soon as possible have the child write in script the letters and words, and spell orally, using the names of the letters. When the child has advanced far enough he should be taught all the diacritical marks and the different powers of the letters, but there is danger of attempting too much of this in the first year of the course. 32 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. SECOND YEAR. Holmes' First Reader; Harrington's Speller, first twelve pages; writ-ing on slate; addition and subtraction of numbers to ten, with some simple examples given by the teacher, as time may allow. THIRD YEAR. Holmes' Second Reader; Harrington's Speller from page 13 to page 26; addition and subtraction, not using numbers so large that the children cannot readily comprehend them. FOURTH YEAR. Holmes' Third Reader; Harrington's Speller, from page 27 to page 50; Sanford's Primary Arithmetic; the multiplication table perfectly learned. FIFTH YEAR. Holmes' Fourth Reader; Harrington's Speller, from page 51 to page 78; Sanford's Primary Arithmetic—long division specially taught, [NoTB.—It is presumed that the teachers will spend six hours in actual work each day. At least half of this time should be given to the course as laid down for the first five years. If this is done the pupils will have opportunity to lay a good foundation, and the worls of the teacher in the course beyond the fifth year will not be so much one of hearing recitations as of assigning lessons and seeing that each pupil devotes a reasonable amount of time each day in diligent study of each branch. The teacher should always be ready to help him over the rough places, and he should hear at least two or three recitations each week by each class. No teacher need fear results if he succeeds in enlisting earnest eflfbrts on the part of his pupils.] SIXTH YEAR. Mrs. Spencer's First Steps in History; Sanford's Intermediate Arithme-tic to multiplication of fractions; Maury's Elementary Geography to page 62; Harrington's Speller, pait second, first twenty pagfs. [Note.—It is to be presumed that during all the years that precede this year the teacher has taught orally the first principles of geography. At this stage in the course every pupil should have a dictionary and be taught how to use it, and during the whole of the remainder of the course the dictionary should be freely consulted.] SEVENTH YEAR. Maury's Elementary Geography, from page 62 to end; Harrington's Speller, second part, from page 21 ti page 40; Sanford's. Intermediate Arithmetic, from multiplication of fractions to the end. Two Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 33 EIGHTH YEAR. Hansen's U. S. History; Sanford's Common-School Arithmetic to page 156; Harrington's Speller, second part, from page 41 to page 65. [Note.—In studying history some geograpliy should always be at hand as a reference book. J NINTH YEAR. Sanford's Common-School Arithmetic, from page 156 to page 279; Harrington's Speller, second part, from page 65 to page 88; Harvey's Elementary Grammar to False Syntax. TENTH YEAR. Harvey's Elementary Grammar completed; Sanford's Common-School Arithmetic reviewed and completed; Maury's Manual of Geograpliy to British America; Moore's N. C. History. ELEVENTH YEAR. Harvey's English Grammar, revised edition, to Syntax; Steele's Physi-ology and Hygiene; Maury's Manual of Geography, completed; Higher Arithmetic or Algebra. "Good Health for Children" taught orally two lessons per week to classes in Fourth Reader and to all children below Fourth Reader. " Health Lessons for Beginners, ' until completed, in the hands of all pupils above Fourth Reader, two lessons per week. Besides the writing that the pupils will do on the slates and with lead pencils, which should all the time be encouraged, the teacher should have systematic work in penmanship for the vrhole school at least twice a week. Every teacher will take note of the fact that this course is not intended to be rigidly adhered to, and it is not considered absolutely necessary that every pupil thoroughly complete any step before he can take the next, and no child should be kept from advancing to a higher branch of study because others of his grade are not considered ready to go with him. It is often best to let pupils take a step that is somewhat too high, rather than discourage them by keeping them back too long. While it is certain that a very large proportion of the children will not be able to go to school long enough to complete this course, it is believed that it is best to have something definite to work at—certain books named and the order fixed in which they should be studied. It is hoped that very many children will be stimulated to an effort to possess and study all the books out of school as well as during the session. Every teacher is earnestly requested to leave on record in his register the branches pursued at the preceding session hy every pupil, so that his successor may have the desired information in organizing the school. 34 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. TEXT-BOOKS ADOPTED BY STATE BOAKD OF EDUCATION FOR USE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The adoption of a series of books by the Board of Edu-cation has practically brought about uniformity of text-books in the ordinary public schools of the State, an end much to be desired, and of great practical benefit to the people and the schools. It affords protection against improper and unfair books. It enables the teacher \o have fewer classes and to give better instruction. It largely decreases the number of books necessary for any family to buy, and it also reduces the price of the books, because better terms can be made with the publishers. Uniformity also secures a saving of money to people who move from one district or county to another. The books carried with them are used in any school which their children may attend. It is purely a business matter in the interest of the pat-rons, pupils and teachers of the public schools. The depos-itory from which any dealer can order any and all books on the State list is with the University Publishing Company, 43, 45 and 47 East Tenth street, New York City. The follow-ing is the list and cash retail price to pupils, of the books recommended and adopted : Retail Contract Price. Brand's Good Health for Children $ 20 Brand's Health Lessons for Beginners - 28 Eclectic Copy- Books. (Elementary.) Per dozen 86-^^ Eclectic Copy- Books. Per dozen lr-06 ^ ^ Harper's New Graded Copy Books. Primary. 7 Nop. Per dozen 80 7 J, Harper's New Graded Copy-Books. Gram. Sch'J. 8 Nos. Per dozen 1—06 ^(^ Harrington's Spelling Book 20 Harvey's Revised Elementary Grammar and Composition 4& V i_ Harvej's Revised English Grammar -W^J^ Holmes' First Reader, New Edition 15 Holmes' Second Reader, New Edition 25 Holmes' Third Reader, New Edition 40 Holmes' Fourth Reader, New Edition 50 Holmes' Fifth Reader, New Edition 72 Two Tears Ending June 30, 189^. 35 Retail Contract Price. Hansen's School History of the United States $ 60 Hansen's Higher History of the United States 1 00 James' Southern Selections (Speech Book) 1 10 McGuffey's Revised Eclectic Primer 10 Maury's Elementary Geography 55 Maury's Revised Manual Geography, North Carolina Edition. 1 25 Maury's Revised Physical Geography 1 20 Moore's History of North Carolina 85 North Carolina Speaker. Cloth 50 North Carolina Speaker. Paper 40 North Carolina Writing Books. Per dozen 100 Page's Theory and Practice of Teaching 1 00 Sanford's Primary Analytical Arithmetic 20 Sanford's Intermediate Analytical Arithmetic 36 Sanford's Common School Analytical Arithmetic -.. 64 Sanford's Higher Analytical Arithmetic 85 Sanford's Elementary Algebra 1 00 Mrs. Spencer's First Steps in North Carolina History 75 Steele's Abridged Physiology 50 Stevens' History of the United States (Reference Book) 1 08 Swinton's Language Primer 28 Webster's Primary Dictionary 48 Webster's Common School Dictionary 72 Webster's High School Dictionary 98 Webster's Academic Dictionary 1 50 Webster's Counting House Dictionary 2 40 Worcester's Primary Dictionary 48 Worcester's New School Dictionary 80 Worcester's Comprehensive Dictionary 1 40 Worcester's Academic Dictionary 1 50 Worcester's Octavo Dictionary :... 3 40 Peterman's Elements of Civil Government 60 ' -Singer's Civil Government in North Carolina and the United States 60 , > Scbool History of the Negro Race in America, by E, A. Johnson.. 75 " PEABODT FUND AND SCHOLARSHIPS AT NASHVILLE, TENN. ; , . The State has at the Peabody Normal College, Nashville, -X* Tenn , twenty (20) scholarships, worth each $100 per annum, for two years, tuition, and traveling expenses to and from Nashville. These scholarships are filled by the State Superintendent under regulations made by the Institution. Examinations 36 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. are held under the superv^ision of the State Superintendent upon questions sent out by the President of the College. The questions now embrace the branches named in our school law and Elementary Algebra, two books in Geom-etry, Addison's DeCoverly Papers and Irving's Sketch Book, Beginner's Latin Book and Collar's Gate to Cassar. The State Superintendent has no option to select the stu-dents from the different counties, so as to give all the coun-ties in turn the benefit of this fund, but he must be guided by scholarship as shown by the examinations, and by the physical health of the applicants and their purpose to make teaching their regular profession. The object of the College is to provide proficient teachers. No one need apply who has not a well-determined purpose to make teaching a life-work, and, to be successful, he must promise to teach at least two years in the State. The following is a list of scholarship students at the Pea-body Normal College, Nashville, Tenn., who won scholar-ships at competitive'examinations, July 20, 1893, for session 1893-'9tt : W. R. Freeman, Dobson, Surry County, N, C. W. A. Goodman, Goodman, Anson County, N. C. Alonzo T, King, "Wilmington, New Hanover County, N. C. John D. MacRae, Fayetteville, Cumberland County, N. C. Chas. S. Kirk, Unionville, Union County, N. C. Miss Stella Passmore, Cary, Wake County, N. C. Miss Canary Harper, Snowhill, Green County, N. C. Miss M. D. Graham, Ridgeway, Warren County, N, C. Miss Jessie Sharpe, Stem, Granville County, N. C. Miss Nannie Woods, Hillsboro, Orange County, N. C. Miss Daisy Crump, Tillery, Halifax County, N. C. Miss Ida Montgomer}^, Raleigh, Wake County, N. C. List of appointments made by Dr. Payne, President of the College, from non-scholarship students at the College, from North Carolina, paying their way one or more terms : Miss Ineva Gash, Calhoun, Transylvania County, N. C. Alonzo C. Reynolds, Saiidy Mush,.Buncombe County, N. C. Two Years Ending June 30, 1891i.. 37 Kufus P. Kirk, Palmerville, Stanly County, N. C. Solomon M. Cheek, Whitehead, Alleghany County, N. C. SCHOLARSHIP STUDENTS FOR TERM OF 1894-'95, APPOINTED BY DR. PAYNE. G. W. Chambers, Waynesville, Haywood County, N. C. J. A. Kirk, Palmerville, Stanly County, N. C. J. M. Noland, Palm, Haywood County, K. C. Miss Lenoir A. Cook, Warrenton, Warren County, N. C. Miss Sallie Boyce, Sardis, Mecklenburg County, N. C. Miss Mary Elizabeth Holt,Goldsboro,Wayne County, N. C. PEABODY FUNDS RECEIVED. 1893—Jan. 25. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent $ 2,000 00 June 13. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent.... 1,000 00 Aug. 6. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent 600 00 Oct. 20. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent... 1.000 00 TotaL... $ 4,600 00 Cr. 1893—Jan. 26. By check sent E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School, Greensboro, N. C.-.$ 2,000 00 By amount to Colored Normal Schools, as shown by records of (his office 900 00 By amount paid for Institute work 700 00 Oct. 21. By check to E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School - 1,000 00 Total.. $ 4,600 00 PEABODY FUNDS RECEIVED. 1894—Feb. 23. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent $ 1,250 00 Apr. 2. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent.... 500 00 July 20. To chfck from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent 1,250 00 Total % 3,000 00 Cr. 1894—Feb. 28. By check to E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School $ 1,000 00 Apr. 6. By check to E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School - - 500 00 July 30. By check to E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School. 500 00 By amount to Colored Normal Schools 1,000 00 Total % 3,000 00 38 Re;port of 8ujperintendent of Piiblic Instruction. SUMMARY OF STATISTICS. SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS FOR 1893 AND 1894. 1893. 1894. General poll tax 1248,032 61 $258,366 15 General property tax 365,728 28 383,550 06 Special poll-tax 2,748 34 2,626 54 Special property tax 1,075 58 1,000 62 Special property tax under local acts 11,487 70 11,756 69 Special poll-tax under local acts 1,883 40 1,566 51 Fines, forfeitures and penalties 21,270 39 18 48123 Liquor licenses 71,218 14 83,61398 Auctioneers ij-g 51 70 Estrays .— 13 q^ 35 ^q Othersources 28,159 27 15,030 41 '^^^t^ls ...$751,608 11 1777,079 29 SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES FQR 1893 AND 1894, 1893. 1894. Tuition for whites $409,164 28 $418,798 03 Tuition for colored fl9,048 51 196,764 45 Houses for whites 45,073 52 36,350 58 Houses for colored. ... 18,017 80 17,54132 County Superintendents 20,055 41 18,737 39 County Institutes for whites... 886 02 800 86 County Institutes for colored 402 15 538 87 Treasurer's commissions 14,735 14 15 277 70 Mileage and per diem of Boards of Education. 5,534 18 4,882 38 Fuel for Board of Education, stationery and postage 1,61147 1,958 75 Cityschools 38,217 19 29,72138 Other purposes 37,574 62 42,033 38 Total expenditures $790,320 29 ' $783,405 09 COMPARATIVE STATISTICS FROM 1884 TO 1894, INCLUSIVE. Receipts for 1884 $580,311 06 Receipts for 1885 631.904 38 Receipts for 1886 670 671 79 Receipts for 1887 647 407 81 Receipts for 1888 670 944 73 Receipts for 1889 (8 months) 612,151 31 Receipts for 1890 721 ,756 38 Receipts for 1891 714 966 27 Receipts for 1892 775,449 63 Receipts for 1893 751,608 11 Receipts for 1894 777 079 29 Two Years Ending June 30, 1891f.. 39 CENSUS FROM 6 TO 21 YEARS OF AGE. White. Colored. Total. For 1884 321,561 193,843 515,404 For 1885 330,890 199,237 530,127 For 1886 338,059 209,249 547,308 For 1887 353,481 212,789 566,270 For 1888 363,982 216,837 580,819 For 1889—Not taken. „ 1QQA ( Male ...190.423 \ o„^ ... Male .108,707 [ ^.n ^^, ^n^. ^.o For 1890 j Female. 179,721 \ ^^^'^^^ Female .107,817 \ ^^^'^"^ ^^^'^^^ „ ,CQ, I Male ...196,156) ooA 710 Male ...107,376 ) 9,0 For Qr^q r^qi ^77 1891 j Female. 184,562 \ ^^^'^^^ Female. 106,483 \ ^^^'^^^ ^^*'^^' „ ,QQo ( Male ...198,228 ) ^oa ^.^a Male ...106,021 \ ,,.. ^q^ ^q^, ^.n For 1892 | Female. 188,332 [ ^^^'^^^ Female. 105,675 } '^^^'^^^ ^^^'^^^ For 1893 399,753 218,788 618,541 For 1894 389,709 212,191 601,900 ENROLLMENT. White. Colored. Total. For 1884 170,925 113.391 284,316 For 1885 185,225 112,941 298,166 For 1886 ...188,036 117,562 305,598 For 1887 202,134 123,145 325,279 For 1888 211,498 125,884 337,372 For 1889 "<- 189^ 1 SaieilJtiS [ =i».^>» Saie::!;^^' [ "««' ^^-^^ For 1893 232,560 124,398 356,958 For 1894 235,486 123,899 359,385 AVERAGE ATTENDANCE. White. Colored. Total. For 1884 106,316 66,679 172,995 For 1885 115,092 70,486 185,578 For 1886 117,121 68,585 185,706 For 1887 124,653 71,466 196.119 Forl888 133,427 75,230 208,657 For 1889 For 1890 134,108 68,992 203,100 For 1891 120,747 71,016 201,863 Forl892 133,001 66,746 198,747 For 1893 142,362 74,417 216,779 Forl894 149,046 71,246 220,292 40 Re;port of Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction. Average Length of School Terms. For 1884 11.50 weeks for whites and 11.75 for colored. For 1885 12 For 1886 11.75 For 1887 12 For 1888 12.80 For 1889 For 1890 11.85 For 1891 12.14 For 1892 12.66 For 1893. 12.81 For 1894 12.85 Average Salary of Teachers. For 1886 white males, $26 23 " " 2510 " " 2568 " " 2580 ....- " " 2503 " " 2620 " " 2646 " " 2553 For 1886 colored males, 24 69 For 1887. For 1888. For 1890. For 1891 . For 1892. For 1893. For 1894. For 1887. For 1888. For 1890 For 1891 For 1892. For 1893. For 1894 24 10 22 67 22 72 22 32 23 33 23 33 23 08 11.75 Two Years Ending June 30, 189Jf,. 41 1892—For whites $ 636,525 00 1892—For colored 255.839 00 Total in 1892 $ 892,364 00 1893—For whites $ 785,637 34 1893—For colored 269.147 60 Total in 1893 $1,054,784 94 1894—For whites - $ 817,148 08 1894—For colored 301.149 80 Total in 1894 $1,118,297 88 NUMBER OF PUBLIC SCHOOLHOUSES. 1888—For whites - 3,779 1888—For colored 1,766 Total in 1888 - 5,543 1890—For whites - 3,973 1890-For colored 1,820 Totalin 1890 5,793 1891— For whites ... 4,034 1891—For colored 1,779 Total in 1891 - 5,813 1892—For whites ..4,168 1892—For colored 1,992 Totalin 1892 6,160 1893-For whites 4,271 1893—For colored (five counties not reporting). 1,942 Total in 1893 6,213 1894—For whites 4,356 1894—For colored (three coilhties not reporting) .2,010 Totalin 1894 6,366 NUMBER OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS TAUGHT, 1888—For whites 4,438 1888—For colored 2,317 Totalin 1888 .6,755 1890—For whites 4,508 1890—For colored 2,327 Totalin 1890 6 835 4 42 Report of Superintendent of PuhliG Instruction. 1891—For whites 4,574 1891—For colored 2,260 Total in 1891 6,834 1892—For whites 4,603 1892—For colored 2,376 Totalin 1892 6,979 1893—For whites 4,599 1893—For colored 2,219 Total in 1893 6,818 1894—For whites 4,811 1894—For colored 2,296 Totalin 1894 7,107 NUMBER OF DISTRICTS. 1888—For whites 4,763 1888—For colored 2,031 Totalin 1888 6,794 1890—For whites 4,893 1890—For colored 2,289 Totalin 1890 ..7,182 1891—For whites 4,926 1891—For colored 2,302 Totalin 1891 7,228 1892—For whites 5,168 1892—For colored 2,387 Totalin 1892 7,555 1893—For whites (four counties not reporting) 4,937 1893—For colored " " " 2,296 Totalin 1898 7,233 1894—For whites (three counties not reporting) 5,123 1894—For colored " " " 2,424 Totalin 1894 7,547 STATISTICS OF NORMAL SCHOOLS FOR 1893-94 FOR COLORED RACE. Attendance at Franklinton 215 Attendance at Salisbury 236 Attendance at Goldsboro 277 Attendance at Plymouth 301 Attendance at Elizabeth City 299 Attendance at Fayetteville 236 Total 1,564 Two Years Ending Jmie 30, 189If.. 43 INSTITUTE WORK. The $4,000 per annum appropriated by Chapter 200, Laws of 1889, was, by Chapter 139, Laws of 1891, applied to the support of the Normal and Industrial School for White Women, located at Greensboro, N. C Since the opening of said school in October, 1892, no State fund has been available for Institute work in the counties. During the summer of 1893 I expended $700 for Institute work in Johnston, Pitt, Greene, Wilson, Onslow, Jones, Robeson and Richmond—Institutes for both races, con-ducted by Mr. M. C. S. Noble, of Wilmington, and by Mr. Alex. Graham, of Charlotte ; Lincoln, for white teachers, by Frank H. Curtiss, of Shelby ; and Cabarrus, for both races, and in Guilford County $50 of the above amount was expended for a four weeks' Normal Institute for Colored Teachers, conducted under the supervision of Mr. B. F. Blair. A report of this work is submitted, except the work of the Institute in Cabarrus County, for which I have not received a forrrtal report. The Institute reported, infor-mally, through Jas. P. Cook, County Superintendent, who had it in charge, that much good was accomplished for both white and colored teachers. The funds for this work were furnished by Dr. J. L. M. Curry, Agent of Peabody Fund. Dr. Curry, to whom I applied for aid for Institute work in 1894, refused the aid on the ground that the Board of Trustees of the Peabody Fund had uniformly acted on the principle of granting appropriations only where the State granted appropriations for such work. North Carolina having discontinued her aid for this work, the Trustees must be consistent and withhold their aid. 44 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. REPORTS OF INSTITUTE CONDUCTORS. Wilmington, N. C, September 4, 1893. Hon. John C. Scarborough, Sxiipt. Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C. Dear Sir—We hereby submit our report of the Teachers' Institutes held by us under your direction during the months of July and August of this year. In those counties where Institutes were held for both races, the exercises were conducted in separate buildings. ENROLLMENT. WHITE RACE. COLORED RACE. County. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Johnston 58 37 85 Pitt ...17 55 73 33 30 43 Greene 3 18 30 11 13 33 Wilson 37 8 35 16 15 31 Onslow-Jones... 36 39 75 18 7 35 Robeson 33 33 56 26 17 43 Richmond 8 16 24 10 14 34 Total number white teachers 367 Total colored teachers. .188 Total number of both races 555 The Institute in Johnston, for whites only, was conducted by Mr. Noble, w^ho, on the afternoon of July 6, delivered an address to the colored citizens and teachers of that county. The Robeson Institute was conducted by Mr. Graham and Mr. Mclver, President of the State Normal and Industrial School for Girls. County Superintendent Mc- Alister did all in his power to make the Institutes successful. He not only wrote to every teacher urging him to be present, but he requested every minister in the county to give notice of the Institutes and the addresses on Friday. More than one thousand of each race assembled on Friday to hear the addresses delivered by yourself and Mr. Graham, Mr. Mclver having been called home on Wednesday by sickness in his family. We estimate that the total number addressed by us in our Friday meetings was four thousand. In counties where an Institute was conducted for both races, we divided the time equally between them—one of us working with the white teachers, while the other worked with the colored teachers. We believe that you were most fortunate in being able to provide Institutes for the colored people this year. The eagerness with which Two Years Ending June 30, 1894. 45 they listened to us was strong proof of the wisdom of providing for them. This same eagerness for instruction stimulated us to do our very best for those who are to teach the colored youth in the counties visited by us. We are glad to report that although we labored in much of the territory known as the black district of our State, yet the white people are, as a rule, kindly disposed to Negro education. The time for holding an Institute—one week—being so short, our object was to teach methods rather than subjects. The public school teacher has many pupils to teach during a short school term. It is to his interest, then, to learn how to do the most teaching in the least time. We therefore tried to so shape our work as to give him the benefit of those methods that we had, in our own schoolroom experience, found to be of value in teaching the public school branches systematically, accurately, and rapidly. In all the counties above reported, we found a growing interest in popular education. It is true that some of our citizens do not take the aggressive interest that they should, but the great majority of our peo-ple is on the side of the children. Many of our most talented young men and women are to be found teaching in the public schools, and a scholarship in our colleges and Normal schools is eagerly sought after by those who wish to devote themselves to teaching as a life work. Onelow and Jones united and held a joint Institute at Richlands in the former county. In Richlands we found more practical enthusiasm for education than we had met with before. The citizens furnished free board not only to teachers but to visitors. This is an example that other counties would do well to follow. Much of the success of the Onslow- Jones Institute is due to the untiring efforts of Superintendent E. M. Koonce, who personally interested the citizens and thus secured free entertainment for the teachers and visitors. One great object of the Institute is to reach the people, and we believe that there are prosperous neighborhoods in many counties that would offer free entertainment for the sake of having the teachers with them. In this way many citizens could be reached and interested that have heretofore not attended any of the exercises of the Institutes. We are glad to report that we had good audiences to hear us on Fri-days when we addressed the people on the subject of public schools. We desire to thank you for being with us during these Friday exercises in Johnston, Wilson, Onslow, Robeson and Richmond, and addressing the people for us. Your personal interest, as manifested by your pres-ence and earnest speeches, aided us a great deal in our work and greatly pleased the people. At every Institute, both white and colored, resolu-tions were passed thanking you for your active interest in education, and Hon. J. L. M. Curry, General Agent of the Peabody Fund, for his thoughtful care of the teachers—providing funds for the work. 46 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. We thank you for the confidence that your appointment of us for this work showed, and the oounty superintendents and citizens for the kindly manner in which we were received. We are Your obedient servants, ALEXANDER GRAHAM. M. C. S. NOBLE. Shelby, N. C, September 5, 1893. Hon. Jno. C. Scarborough, Stale Supt. Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C. Dear Sir—On August 28th, 1893, 1 went to Lincolnton to hold a State Institute for Lincoln County. Owing to the terrible storm which was then sweeping the south Atlantic coast, it was impossible to hold a ses-sion of the Institute on that day ; but I was present, and had everything in readiness for work the next day. I was compelled to conduct the Institute alone, but received valuable assistance from the teachers, and from the acting County Superinten-dent, Rev. R. Z. Johnston, who labored with most commendable zeal to make the Institute a success. There was a large attendance of teachers during the entire week, and the interest seemed to increase rather than to abate as the meeting pro-gressed. The State Superintendent came on Wednesday and made an address to the teachers and citizens present. Fifty-nine teachers were in attendance. This was most gratifying, as there are but fifty-six pos-sible school districts in the county. The attendance of visitors was most satisfactory, and speaks well for the educational interest mani-fested by the citizens of Lincolnton. Owing to there being no session on Monday, it was thought best to continue over Saturday. On Saturday evening addresses were made by the County Superintendent, the Institute Conductor and othefs, the courthouse being well filled on that occasion. On Monday, September 4th, an examination for State certificates was held, and fifteen applicants presented themselves. Of this number ten were successful, and secured high first-grade State certificates. I shall ever remember with a great deal of pleasure my Institute work at Lincolnton, and I am grateful to you for the appointment ; to Rev. R. Z. Johnston for his hearty co-operation and earnest and successful endeavors to make the Institute a success ; to the teachers for their hearty sympathy and assistance, and to the good people who contributed so much by their presence to make the Institute one of the most inter-esting and profitable which it has ever been my good fortune to con-duct. Respectfully yours, FRANK H. CURTISS. Two Years Eliding June 30, 189Jf. 47 REPORT OF GREENSBORO NORMAL INSTITUTE FOR COLORED TEACHERS. To the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Greensboro State Normal for Colored Teachers opened in the Colored Graded School Building No. 2, in South Greensboro, on the 3d of July, 1893, with a fairly good attendance, which gradually increased until it reached something over one hundred before the close of the session. Fifteen counties of our State were represented, but the difficulty of getting money to pay board and traveling expenses prevented a number of teachers in the more remote counties from attending, who would otherwise have done so. Those who did attend manifested much inter-est and seemed to be sincere and earnest in trying to gain information and become more thorough and efficient as teachers. The work of the Normal consisted of imparting the best and most effective methods of teaching, and also real class- work in the various branches, including sounds of letters, spelling, reading, geography, grammar, arithmetic, physical geography, physiology, history and political economy. This we do, because many of the colored teachers are not as thorough in the common school branches as they should be. We had a strong and efficient teaching force, made up of two white and two colored instructors, all college graduates, having the degree of A. M., except one of the white teachers, who, nevertheless, is a most excellent and efficient Normal instructor, The deportment of those in attendance was uniformly good, and a sincere appreciation of the work done was manifest. Respectfully submitted, B. F. BLAIR, August 12th, 1893. Superintendent, INSTITUTE WORK BY FACULTY OF THE NORMAL AND INDUS-TRIAL SCHOOL. Under the provisions of Section 6, Chapter 139, Laws of 1891, I, as chairman of the Board of Directors of the Nor-mal and Industrial School, arranged for holding Teachers' Institutes by the male members of the Facnltj of said school, as follows : In 1893, the president, C. D. Mclver, held Institutes in 48 Report of Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction. Cherokee, Swain, Macon and Haywood counties and aided in the Institute held by Mr. Alex. Graham in Robeson County, These Institutes were well attended by teachers and citi-zens who came in large numbers to hear the discussions on school management and teaching and the addresses on pub-lic education. I was with President Mclver in a part of this work and testify to his zeal and wisdom in it. In 1894 he was appointed to hold Institutes in ]^ash, Sampson, Rockingham, Rowan and Guilford counties. He held the Nash and Sampson Institutes, but was compelled to recall the other appointments on account of sickness. I publish the reports of Professors Claxton and Joyner, as follows: Hon. John C. Scarborough, Raleigh, N. C. Sir—I send you the following brief statistics of my Institute work. In the summer of 1893 I held four Institutes, as follows: Rowan County, teachers present 125 Catawba County, teachers present 117 Caldwell County, teachers present 40 Watauga County, teachers present 23 While in Watauga it rained very hard every day and it was impos-sible for many of the teachers to attend. I was alone at all these places. By the choice of the teachers, as well as in accordance with my own judgment, I held one session a day, from 9 A. M. to 1:30 p. M. Before going to Salisbury I held an Institute in Iredell for the County Board of Education. There was an attendance here of 95 teachers. In 1894 I spent the month of July in the summer school at Chapel Hill. I then held seven Institutes, as follows: July 30-August 3—Davidson: Teachers, 117; males, 87; females, 30. Average daily attendance of visitors, 50; attendance at Friday's speak-ing, 200. Certificates, 4; males, 3; females, 1. August 6-10—Stanly: Teachers, 90; males, 63; females, 27. Daily attendance of visitors, 80; Friday's speaking, 300. Certificates 4; males, 4; females, 0. (Ten of the teachers enrolled were Negroes. They attended regularly and appeared to be interested.) August 13-17—Mecklenburg: Teachers, 56; males, 32; females, 34. Daily visitors, 15; no speaking on Friday. Certificates given, 1; males, 1; females, 0. Two Years Ending June 30, 1891^. 49 August 20-24—Gaston: Teachers, 65; males, 38; females, 27. Daily visitors, 85; Friday's speaking, 175. Certificates given, 1; males, 1; females, 0. August 27-31—Iredell: Teachers, 111; males, 61; females, 50. Daily visitors, 200; Friday's speaking, 300. Certificates given, 1; males, 0; females, 1. September 3-7—Burke: Teachers, 40; males, 24; females, 16. Daily visitors, 10; Friday's speaking, 200. Certificates given, 0. September 10-14—Rutherford: Teachers, 50; males, 32; females, 18. Dailv visitors, 150; Friday's speaking, 250. Certificates given, 2; males, 2; females, 0. In Stanly and Mecklenburg I was assisted by Superintendent Alex. Graham, of Charlotte, whose ability as a teacher and as an Institute Conductor is well known, both to yourself and to all who have been so fortunate as to hear him. You were present yourself in Stanly and added greatly to the value of the Institute by a number of talks on edu-cational questions. At all of these places two sessions were held each day—one from 9:15 A. M. to 12:15 P. M., and one from 2 to 4:30 P. M. The afternoon session was always held on Friday and was usually well attended. Unfortu-nately the Monday morning sessions were, as a rule, poorly attended. Superintendents and teachers seem not to understand that the Institutes require the same prompt and regular attendance demanded by any other business. Yours very truly, P. P. CLAXTON. Hon. John C. Scarborugh, Raleigh, N. C. Dear Sir—During the summer of 1894, in accordance with the appoint-ments made for me by you, I conducted Teachers' Institutes in the counties of Duplin, Wayne, Lenoir, Carteret, Chatham and Randolph. About four hundred teachers attended these Institutes. In most of the counties visited by me the interest manifested in the work of the Institute by the teachers and the public was gratifying and encourag-ing. Teachers and superintendents were faithful and earnest in the discharge of their duties. It was my constant purpose to make my work with the teachers as suggestive, stimulative and practical as pos-sible. Respectfully. J. Y. JOYNER. 60 Re2)ort of Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction. NOKMAL DEPAKTMENT OF THE CULLOWHEE HIGH SCHOOL. The Legislature of 1893 provided for the establishment of a Normal Department in the Cullowhee High School, located in Jackson County, by the enactment of the follow-ing statute—chapter 120 (Private Laws of 1893): An Act to Amend Chapter 170, Private Laws 1891, Amending Charter o^ the Cullowhee High School. The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact : Section 1. That section one, chapter one hundred and seventy, Private Laws of 1891, be amended by adding at the end of said section the fol-lowing: " And there shall be established in connection with said High School a Normal Department to fit and train young men and women for the position of teachers in the public schools of the State, and the sum of fifteen hundred dollars is annually appropriated for this purpose. Said Normal Department shall be under the supervision of the Superin-tendent of Public Instruction of the State, and said Superintendent shall have power to prescribe rules for the regulation and management of the same. Said Superintendent shall also have power, upon being satisfied that said Normal Department is inefficient or unnecessary, to discontinue the same, and the appropriation herein provided for shall thereupon cease. The Principal of said High School upon the completion of the prescribed course in the Normal Department shall grant certificates which shall entitle the holders to teach in any of the schools of the State, subject to the general school laws of the State as to character, which certificates shall be good for three years, subject to examinations upon branches that may be subsequently added to the public school course: Provided, that all young men and young women who are preparing themselves for teachers shall pay no charges for tuition. Sec 2. That this act shall be in force from and after its ratification. In the General Assembly read three times, and ratified this the 27th day of February, A. D. 1893. The Normal Department provided for in the statute quoted was organized in August, 1893, and, in connection with said High School, was opened for work for the fall term of the session of 1893-'94. Two Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 51 The following gentlemen were selected by me to act as a Local Board of Managers for said department: D. D. Davies, Chairman ; Wm. Wilson, W. A. Henson, R. L. Wat-son, J. D. Coward, T. A. Cox, L. J. Smith, R. H. Brown, W. C. Norton, Walter E. Moore, C. C. Cowan and M. Buchanan. These gentlemen elected Mr. M. Buchanan as Secretary and Treasurer, to hold and disburse the funds appropriated by the act of Assembly. They also elected Mr. E. P. Mangum, a graduate of the University of North Carolina, as teacher in charge of the Normal Department, in connection with Mr. R. L. Madison, in charge of the High School, who did the preparatory and academic work, teaching United States history, physical geography, higher lessons in English, higher arithmetic, algebra, physiology and Latin, aided by Mr. Mangum—Mr. Mangum doing specially the professional work in school organization, management and discipline, the laws of teach-ing, with history and science of education. The enrollment for the session of 1893-94, in the profes-sional classes, was twenty-seven. At the close of the first year's work the Principal of the Cullowhee ELigh School, acting with the teacher in charge of the Normal Department, granted first-grade certificates, under the law, to twelve students of the department, upon a written examination, in the following -studies : Spelling, Reading, Writing, English Grammar, Geogra-phy, Elementary Physiology and Hygiene, History of North Carolina, History of the United States, Elementary Algebra, Physical Geography, Elementary Physics, Lessons in Eng-lish, Theory and Practice of Teaching, Art of School Man-agement, Principles of Education, History of Education, Lectures on Science and Art of Teaching, and Psychology Applied to Teaching. 52 Rejport of Superintendent of Public Instruction. The following is the form of the certificate : STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, CULLOWHEE HIGH SCHOOL, JACKSON COUNTY. .189. TEACHERS' FIRST-GRADE CERTIFICATE. Three Years. - having completed the course of study-in the Normal Department of the Cullowhee High School, embrac-ing the following branches of learning : Spelling, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geogra-phy, Elementary Physiology and Hygiene, History of North Carolina, History of the United States, Elementary Algebra, Physical Geography, Elementary Physics, Lessons in English, Theory and Practice of Teach-ing, Art of School Management, Principles of Education, History of Education, Lectures on Science and Art of Teaching, and Psychology Applied to Education — We are satisfied that has knowledge of all these branches sufficiently thorough and accurate to enable satisfactorily to teach in the most advanced public schools of the State ; and having satisfactory evidence of good moral character, we grant this First-Grade Certificate, which entitles to teach in the public schools of any county in the State, and is valid for Three Years from its date. This Certificate is issued in accordance with Chapter 120, Private Laws of N. C, 1893. Principal of CuUoivhee High School. Teacher in Charge of Normal Department. I present below the report of Mr. Mangum to the Local Board of Managers for the first year of the Normal Depart-ment work, closing May 17th, 1894. This was turned over to me as the report of the Board, it being approved by said Board : To the Board of Directors, Normal Department, Cidloivhee High School, Cullowhee, N. C. Gentlemen—I have the honor, herewith, to submit to you my report of the work done in the " professional year" of this department during the past session. Two Years Ending June 30, 189If.. 53 In my report for the fall term of 1893, rendered to your body on Jan-uary 12th, 1894, I mentioned the difficulties under which we were laboring, and called your attention to some facts which I considered to be of paramount importance to the full success of this work. During the past term we have struggled on, hampered by the same difficulties, but I am glad to say that I believe much good has been accomplished. The spirit of deep earnestness and determination which was manifested by the pupils during the fall has, if anything, increased during this term, and the amount of work done by the pupils, under the adverse conditions of equipment, reflects great credit upon them. In behalf of those who will next year have to enter upon this " pro-fessional work," I beg you to provide for some necessary equipment in this department, which will make the work much more serviceable and instructive to the pupils, and far more satisfactory to their instructor. The course of "professional reading" has been rather limited. The books of my own private library, together with the few which the pupils have been able to purchase, have furnished the only available source for this work. A " teachers' library " is much needed to make this part of the work more beneficial. Since January 1st instruction has been given regularly upon the course in full, and those pupils who leave us this year, with their cer. tificates of graduation in their possession, go forth with a wider and more intelligent knowledge of the duties of their profession, and of the great principles upon which this profession rests. This knowledge is not entirely theoretical, but has also been gained by the practical appli-cation of those principles in actual daily teaching. I do not mean to say that these pupils are now " professional teachers," but that they are far better prepared to do the work in our public schools, and at the same time to wield an educational influence over the communities in which they may work, than the great majority of those now engaged in teaching our public schools. They are yet to prove themselves "teachers," and I sincerely trust that their labors may reflect honor upon this Normal Department here, as well as upon themselves. During the entire session there have been twenty-seven pupils enrolled in this department, fourteen have beep regularly appointed by their County Superintendents, while the others are appointees at large. Twelve have completed the full " professional course," have passed sat-isfactory examinations upon the subjects required, and have been granted State Certificates. Only six of the fifteen counties of this Congressional District have been represented, and only Haywood, Bun-combe and Jackson have had their full representation. All pupils in the " academic year " should review Arithmetic, Geog-raphy, and History of the United States and of North Carolina, as the great majority of those who come here for this work are deficient in 54 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. these branches, and have no time to review them properly unless it be required of them. I have the best interests of this work deeply at heart, and desire to see it grow and fully develop into an instrument of power and good in the educational work of Western North Carolina, and of the whole State. In closing this year's work, I desire to thank you all, and the principal, teachers and officers of this school, for all kindnesses rendered me, and I ask of all a deeper interest in this work of education, that it may steadily grow and prove of inestimable benefit to all our people. Respectfully submitted, E. P. MANGUM, May 15th, 1894. Superintendent. Approved by order of the Local Board of Managers : D, D. DaVIES, Chairman, M. Buchanan, Secretary. I sent to Mr. Buchanan, Secretary and Treasurer of the Local Board of Managers, the following sums on dates given : Septembers, 1893 |750 00 February 1, 1894 750 00 11,500 00 This sum was expended by him, on the orders of Local Board of Managers, as follows : Paid E. P. Mangum, salary, fall session, 1893 $500 00 Paid E. P. Mangum, salary, spring session, 1894 500 00 Total paid Mangum $1,000 00 Paid R. L. Madison, services teaching Normal students in High School, fall session, 1893 $250 00 Paid R. L. Madison, services, etc., spring session, 1894.. 250 00 Total paid Madison 500 00 $1,500 00 At close of spring session, 1894, the connection of Mr. E. P. Mangum with the l^ormal Department ceased. Mr. B. B. Brow^n, of Buncombe County, who is a grad-uate of the Peabody Normal College of Nashville, Tenn., was elected by the Local Board of Managers, on my recom- Two Years Ending June 30^ 189Ip. 55 mendation, to take charge of the department. The session of 1894-'95 is now in progress, and a full report of the work cannot be made to the Legislature of 1895. I am in receipt of a report for the fall term of the present school year, made at my request, for the information of the members of the Legislature. This report was forwarded by Mr, D. D. Davies, chairman, and is as follows : CuLLOWHEE High School, December 21, 1894. The President and Members of the Board of Managers, Normal Department, Cullowhee High School. Gentlemen—I have the honor to submit herewith a report on the academic work of the Normal Department of the Cullowhee High School for the fall term, ending December 31, 1894. I have ventured to offer, in connection with the facts relating to the academic work, a few general observations and comments which the board may find of interest and value. During the past term thorough work has been done in the following branches: Arithmetic, political and physical geography, elementary algebra, United States history, English grammar and spelling. Next term, in addition to the branches just enumerated, instruction will be given in physiology and hygiene, elementary physics, higher English, North Carolina history, dictionary and reading. The half-year exami-nations were conducted during the last week of the fall term. In both the academic and professional work thoroughness has been emphasized and insisted upon, and, as a result, much excellent work has been done and the students have become impressed with the fact that nothing but sound and accurate scholarship will be recognized by the department in awarding certificates. One of the strongest arguments for the existence of such an institu-tion as our Normal Department lies in the deplorable lack of qualifica-tions in most of our country teachers, and in the consequent imperfect and superficial work done by the average country free school. Nearly all of the young people who come to us are the products of the free school, and nearly all of them are deficient in the rudiments of the com-mon school branches. Poor teaching, short terms of schools, irregular attendance, are responsible. The only remedy is the establishment and proper maintenance of Normal Schools; for through the cultured and enthusiastic teacher must ultimately come our needed educational reforms. Put a well qualified, diligent teacher in the poorest district of the State and, besides doing thorough work in his classes, he will accom-plish very much by increasing the average attendance, by influencing 56 Report of Svperintendent of Puhlie Instruction. the people to supplement the school term, by arousing parental interest and childish ambition, by improving manners and morals of the young, by educating public sentiment in favor of better provisions for educa-tion, by inspiring respect for the office of the teacher, and by engender-ing community and State pride. I think that I am safe in saying that the experimental period has now passed, and we are entering upon that era of prosperity and usefulness which the department was designed to enjoy and accomplish. There are many considerations which justify this opinion, and I beg leave to bring a few to your notice. The department has enrolled the present term, to date, twenty-eight students. The area of patronage has been enlarged, Cherokee and Gra-ham being represented for the first time through appointment of their respective county superintendents. Letters of inquiry from county superintendents and others in Madison, Henderson and Clay lead us to expect representation from those counties after Christmas. It will be noticed that the present enrollment is three greater than the total enroll-ment of last session. All of the students who did not graduate from the department last May have re enrolled except one from Macon Countj, who is compelled to defer his return until next year. Of the twelve students who were given three-year certificates last May, all entered upon teaching last August except one. From all of those who have taught or are still teaching come the most gratifying reports. Some report that they have increased the average attendance to a point never before known in their districts, some have induced the people to supplement the public term with several months of subscrip-tion school, some have pleased their patrons so well that they have been already offered the same schools for next fall, and all are enthusiastic and have achieved success beyond expectation. It may be pertinent to add in conclusion somewhat regarding the pro-visions made by the Cullowhee High School for the Normal Department. A commodious one-room structure has been set apart for the use of this department. The building is neat and attractive in appearance, nicely painted, and having a bay-window at each end. Besides the light thus afforded there are four other large windows. The room is double-floored and the walls are neatly plastered. It is, perhaps, the best heated, lighted and furnished schoolroom west of Asheville, About seventy-five dollars' worth of handsome patent desks have recently been purchased and set up. The High School allows any Normal student to take any study not in the Normal course free of charge, and provides students from the pri-mary department for practice classes. With the approval of the State Superintendent thirty-eight volumes have been purchased as the nucleus of a " teachers' library," and to this about as many more have been added by private gift. Additional nee- Tivo Tears Ending June 30, 189Jf. . 57 essary apparatus will be purchased at the beginning of the next term, which will constitute altogether a very complete equipment. I take the liberty to bear testimony to the ability, zeal, and fruitful labors of Mr. B. B. Brown, principal Normal Department. He is unquestionably the right man in the right place. He is popular with his students and possesses that rare faculty of " getting the most out of them." While the most important part of his professional work (psychology and its application to teaching, lectures, " practice teaching," etc.) does not come until the spring term, he has, neverthe-less, done excellent work in theory and practice of teaching and in directing the reading of his pupils in " professional " literature. Besides this, I take pleasure in acknowledging Professor Brown's readiness to perform any and every duty which might in any way contribute to the good of the department, the reputation and prosperity of the school, and the improvement of the students. Believing that the facts which I have presented are all encouraging indications of better things, a number of which will be accomplished this session, and feeling that the past achievements and the present pros-pects entitle the department to take honorable rank among the perma-nent educational institutions of our State, I have the honor to be, With great respect. Your obedient servant, ROBT. L. MADISON, Principal of the Culloivhee High School. Painter, N. C, December 25, 1894, To the Board of Managers, Normal Department, Cullowhee High School. Gentlemen—As the half-year of session of 1894-'95 has expired, I desire to make the following report: The enrollment of the Normal Department up to date is twenty-eight, representing the following counties: Haywood, Jackson, Transylvania, Macon, Swain, Graham and Cherokee. The indications are that this enrollment will be greatly increased with the beginning of the next term. A canvassing trip has been made by the teacher in charge over a part of the district in the interest of the school. The results of this trip are not yet fully known, but it bids fair to be of great benefit. The academic work of the department has been divided between the teacher in charge and the principal of the Cullowhee High School. The class has completed the professional work; Page's Theory and Practice, and a short course of professional reading. A good start toward a professional library has been made by appro-priation of the board. This has been increased by donations until it has become a respectable collection. The Normal Department has at all 5 58 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. times been generously dealt with by the High School in the matter of furnishings and building. As teacher in charge, I must mention the individual favor shown the Normal by the principal of the CuUowhee High School, both in word and act. Respectfully submitted, B. B. BROWN, Teacher in charge of Normal Department. The State Superintendent, upon whom the duty of organ-izing this Normal School was placed by the Legislature of 1893, though he knew nothing of the passage of the act authorizing it until some weeks after the Legislature ad-journed, feels impelled to say that the section of the State in which it is located needs the work of such an institution very much for the proper preparation and equipment of teachers for the public schools. The small sum appropriated has thus far done much good and is destined to accomplish a great work, and one of lasting benefit to the people of that section of the State, if it shall be continued. Two Years Ending June 30, 189If.. . 59 NORMAL SCHOOLS FOR THE COLORED RACE. APPROPRIATION $8,000 PER ANNUM. NAMES OF LOCAL BOARDS OF DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPALS. Salisbury.—Theo. F. Kluttz, D. L. Gaskill, George W. Wright, John Ramsey; Rev. J. Rumple, Treasurer; F. M. Mariin, Principal. Fayetteville.—N. W. Ray, H. R. Home; Dr. H. W. Lilly, Treasurer; G. H. Williams, Principal. Goldsboro.—D. J. Broadhurst, C. B. Aycock, W. C. Munroe; M. L. Lee, H. L. Grant, Treasurer; R. S. Rives, Principal. Plymouth.—E. R. Latham, Joseph Tucker, W. L. Davenport; J. F. Norman, Treasurer; H. C. Crosby, Principal. Elizabeth City.—W. J. Griffin. S. L. Sheep, E. F. Lamb, J. W. Albertson. Jr.; F. F. Cohoon, Treasurer; P. W. Moore, Principal. Franklinton.—N. Y. GuUey, J. A. Thomas, H. C. Kearney, John H. Williamson; B. W. Ballard, Treasurer: J. A. Savage, Principal. REPORTS SALISBURY COLORED NORMAL SCHOOL 1892-'93 AND 1893-94. Salisbury, N. C, August 28, 1893. Hon. John C. Scarborough, Superintendent of Public Instruction. Dear Sir—In compliance with my position, I submit the twelfth annual report of the State Normal School of Salisbury, N. C. The ses-sion began September 5, 1892, and closed April 21, 1893. One hundred and eighteen students were enrolled, representing fourteen counties. The final examinations showed much progress. The moral tone and conduct of the students were commendable. The Lyceum connected with the Normal is a great auxiliary to the students. In it they can develop their powers, and put into practice the knowledge acquired from books. It is a source of usefulness and interest to students and citizens of the town and community. Many distinguished visitors addressed the school and Lyceum on subjects of interest during the session. The closing exercises were said to be the best in the history of the school. The graduating class of 1893 consisted of five members, three young men and two young women. Respectfully submitted, F. M. MARTIN, Principal. 60 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. Salisbury, N. C. , September 14, 1894. Hon. John C. Scarborough, Superintendent Public Instruction. Dear Sir—I submit the report of school for 1893 and '94. The ses-sion began September 4th, 1893, and closed April 20th, 1894. During the session we enrolled one hundred and eighteen (118) students, 49 males and 69 females—representing eleven counties in the State, with two representatives from South Carolina and one from Tennessee. Owing to the financial stringency, the number was numerically smaller than last year, but results better. The work of the session, as a whole, was very good. The standard of scholarship was raised, which required diligent study for promotion ; said requirement gave life and vigor to the school, and the results were gratifying. Six graduated from the class of 1894—four males and two females. By the energy and push of pupils and teachers, sixty volumes have been added to the library ; one anatomical chart to the apparatus for the facilitation of the work. Efforts are being made to secure a place for permanent location of the school. During the session the students were addressed by several distinguished gentlemen, as Revs. P. S. Lewis, W. H. Sheppard of the Congo Mission in Africa, B. F. Murray, R. P. Rumley, John C. Murray. W. H. Bryant, and Profs. A. B. Vin-cent, S. B. Pride, J. D. Martin, and Mr. L. P. Berry. Respectfully submitted, F. M. MARTIN. report of the treasurer. J. Rumple, Treasurer, in account with State Colored Normal School, Salisbury, N. C. 1892. Dr. May 31. To balance from last term $ 124 78 Oct. 3. To amount of Auditor's warrant 700 00 Dec. 28. To amount of Auditor's warrant 700 00 1893. July 6. To amount of Peabody fund 175 00 $1,699 78 Cr. By disbursements as per vouchers filed with State Superintendent Public Instruction. |1,623 45 To balance. 76 33 $1,699 78 Txoo Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 61 1893. Dr. Sept. 13. To balance from last term $ 76 33 Oct. 2. To amount of Auditor's warrant 700 00 1894. Jan. 3. To amount of Auditor's warrant 700 00 Mar. 12. To amount of Peabody fund 100 00 Aug. 3. Toamountof Peabody fund 100 00 $1,676 33 Or. By disbursements as per vouchers filed with State Superintendent Public Instruction.. $1,661 00 To balance 15 33 $1,676 33 REPORTS OF FAYETTEVILLE COLORED NORMAL SCHOOL FOR 1892-'93 AND 1893-'94. REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL FOR 1892-93. FAYETTEVILLE, N. C, Sept. 1, 1893. Hon. J. C. Scarborough, State Superintendent Public Instruction. Dear Sir—In accordance with your request, I beg leave to submit to you the following report : The sixteenth annual session of the above-mentioned school began September 5, 1892, and, after continuing thirty six weeks, closed May 19, 1893. The total enrollment during the year was one hundred and thirty, of which forty-five were males, and eighty-five females. The counties represented include Bladen, Cumberland, Duplin, Har-nett, Moore, New Hanover, Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson and Wayne—in all, eleven. The daily average attendance was 110. The number of students from abroad reached forty-six and included 35 per cent, of the entire number enrolled. There were four students in the Senior class, all of whom completed the prescribed course and received diplomas recommending them as teachers. Since the establishment of the school, 760 different students from 66 counties of the State have been enrolled, and of this number 117 have completed the course of study. The general deportment of the students during the year has been good. They have been deeply interested in the execution of their work and have given their teachers very little trouble. 62 Report of ISuper'mtenderd of PuUic Instruction. The Literary and Temperance Societies connected with the institution held their meetings regularly and did much good. The closing exercises of the school took place during the last week of the session. The annual exhibition of the Preparatory Department took place Tuesday afternoon, and the closing exercises of the Normal De-partment Thursday afternoon. These exercises were well attended by the citizens, and many words of approval and commendation were given to the Faculty. For course of study covering six years see Catalogue. The text-books in use are those recommended by the State Board of Education. The Faculty have labored with much earnestness to discharge fully the several duties devolving upon them, and tbey feel reasonably satisfied with the results obtained. The institution stands greatly in need of a supplement to the funds appropriated for this work, and without this increase the operations of the school will be materially impaired. In conclusion, I desire to return my sincere thanks to the Local Board of Managers for the interest they have taken in the work and the assis-tance they have rendered me in carrying it on successfully. All of which is respectfully submitted. G. B. WILLIAMS, Principal. • REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL FOR 1893-'94. Hon. J. C. Scarborough, Superintendent Public Instruction. SlR«—The seventeenth annual session of this institution began Sep-tember 4th, 1893, and closed May 18th, 1894, being a session of nine months. Notwithstanding the stringency of the times, which made an unfavor-able year for educational work, our Normal School has been remarkably prosperous, representing, as it does, ten different counties, with more than 31 per cent, of its students coming from communities outside of Fayetteville. The school is divided into two departments, namely. Preparatory and Normal, there being 40 students in the former and 66 in the latter. For information in regard to the courses of 'study for these depart-ments, see Catalogue. The whole number of students enrolled during the session was—males, 35 ; females, 71 ; total, 106, The daily average attendance was 90. The counties represented include Bladen, Cumberland, Duplin, Harnett, Mecklenburg, Moore, New Hanover, Robeson, Sampson and Wake. The Senior class consisted of five students, who, having satisfactorily completed the course of study prescribed, were granted diplomas of Two Years Ending June 30, 189Jf.. 63 graduation. Four of these presented themselves for public examina-tion, and received first-grade teachers' certificates. Since the establishment of the school 791 different pupils, from 67 different counties, have been admitted. Of these, 123 have completed the prescribed course. Earnestness on the part of the teachers to impart instruction, and eagerness on the pfirt of the students to receive it, have done much toward making our work here a success. The Literary and Temperance Societies held regular sessions during the year, and much improvement was seen as a result of this training. In addition to this, many lectures on a variety of subjects were deliv-ered by the Principal, and by distinguished educators and friends of education, greatly to the benefit of the students in attendance. The school enjoys the favor of the people of this section of the State, and it is doing a great work for the elevation of the colored race. The closing exercises took place in the school building. The annual exhibition took place Tuesday afternoon. May 15th, at 4 o'clock; Liter-ary exercises, Wednesday evening at 8:30 o'clock ; and Commencement exercises, Thursday afternoon at 4 o'clock. All of these exercises were largely attended, and many congratulations were extended to the Faculty by visiting citizens. The outlook for this institution of learning is encouraging, and the teachers feel cheered with the results of their labors during the past year. Before closing this report, I desire to make grateful acknowledgment to the Local Board of Managers, Capt. N. W. Ray, Mr. H. R. Home and Dr. H. W. Lilly, whose support has materially aided me in carrying forward this work. All of which is respectfully submitted, G. H. WILLIAMS, Fayetteville, N. C, June 1st, 1894. Principal. REPORT OF TREASURER. Fayetteville. N. C, September 5, 1893. Mr. J. C. Scarborough, Superintendent Public Instruction, Raleigh. Dear Sir—I append a complete report since my incumbency as Treasurer of Colored Normal School : To amount received from former Treas-urer of Board $ 11 26 1893. Sept. 10. To amount received from State Treasurer. 750 00 1893. March 1. To amount received from State Treasurer. 750 00 11,511 26 64 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. 1893. Sept. 10. By paid as per Voucher No. 1 $ 20 00 Sept. 10. By paid as per Voucher No. 2 19 94 Oct. 1. By paid as per Voucher No. 3 152 80 Oct. 1. By paid as per Voucher No. 4 159 80 Nov. 26. By paid as per Voucher No. 5 153 17 Dec. 23. By paid as per Voucher No. 6 150 50 1893. Jan. 28. By paid as per Voucher No. 7 166 05 March 2. By paid as per Voucher No. 8 . . - 150 50 M'ch 25. By paid as per Voucher No. 9 152 51 April 22. By paid as per Voucher No. 10 154 85 May 20. BypaidasperVoucherNo.il 173 00 Sept. 4. By paid as per Voucher No. 12 20 00 1,473 12 To balance on hand September 5, 1893. $38 14 Respectfully, H. W. LILLY, Treasurer Colored Normal School. Fayetteville, N. C, September 5, 1894. Hon. J. C. Scarborough, Superintendent, Raleigh, N. 0. Dear Sir—Following is my report as Treasurer of the Fayetteville Colored Normal School : To balance on hand as per statement of September 5th, 1893 $ 38 14 To received from State Treasurer, October 3d, 1893.. 750 00 To received from State Treasurer, January 5th-, 1894. . 750 00 To received from State Treasurer, September 5, 1894. 750 00 1893. Oct. 5. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 18 $157 26 Oct. 28. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 14 156 50 Nov. 27. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 15 157 00 Dec. 22. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 16 176 70 1894. Jan. 27. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 17 162 10 $2,288 14 Two Years Ending Jtine 30, 189]^.. 65 1894. Feb. 24. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 18 $154 25 M'ch 24. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 19 152 00 April 21. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 20 151 65 May 19. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 21 183 83 Postage and stationery... 50 1,451 79 To balance on hand September 7, 1894. $836 35 Yours truly, H. W. LILLY, Treasurer. REPORTS OF GOLDSBORO STATE NORMAL SCHOOL (COLORED) FOR 1892-93 AND 1893-94. REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL FOR 1892-93. GOLDSBORO, N. C, May 30, 1893. To the Local Board of Managers of the Ooldsboro State Normal School. Gentlemen—I have the honor to submit the following report of the sixth annual session of the Goldsboro State Normal School: The session opened September 12, 1892, and closed May 18, 1893— a term of nine months. There were 128 matriculates, of whom 44 were males, and 84 females, representing the counties of Wayne, Lenoir, Edgecombe, Nash, Halifax, Craven, Sampson, Duplin, New Hanover, Johnston, Wake and Guilford. The session, though long, was well attended until a few weeks before the close, when the students, from force of circumstances, were obliged to go to the truck farms; but, upon the whole, the school has been largely attended during the session. We have striven to hold up the standard of scholarship in all the grades of the school. We had only one graduate, COURSE OF STUDY. The prescribed course of study (see Catalogue) has been adopted with an eye single to the present demands of our public schools and embraces only such branches as are required to be taught in them. The course will be raised when the Principal and Board of Managers deem it nec-essary. 66 Beport of Sujjerintenden t of Public Instruction. DEPORTMENT. The deportment of the school has been exceptionally good. We have tried to teach their minds and hearts the fact that " Order is heaven's first law." We have also taught the scholars not to be unmindful of that injunction—"To do unto others as we'd haye them do unto us." PUBLIC SENTIMENT. It is encouraging to note the interest that has been manifested on the part of the citizens of Goldsboro and the adjoining counties. The people have shown themselves to be interested in the work of the school. The colored people have seen clearly the great need of such a school, and recognize the progress that is being made by those for whom the school has been established. INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT. This department was organized three years ago through the efforts of benevolent friends. Knowing, as we did, the great need of colored young men versed in the various trades, as well as the professions of life, it has been our chief object to train the students in the various handicrafts, so that a greater variety of employments may be opened to them, afford-ing a means of livelihood and enhancing their value as citizens. The girls receive instruction in cutting, fitting, and needlework. It has been the purpose of the teachers to give the young men a practical knowledge of tools and instruct them in making such articles as would be of immediate benefit to the school. In front of the school building will be seen a stand (about twelve by fourteen feet) which was built by the young men to be used at the Columbian Celebration. An examina-tion of this structure will show that the students possess a practical knowledge of the spirit-level, as well as the hammer and saw, the chisel and the adze. The youug men have been taught to make settees and washboards, the former being used in the school, the latter being sold nearly as fast as we could make them. Another feature to this department has been added, viz., a taming lathe, which will enable the students to do fancy work. Our motto has been to teach the mind to think, the heart to love, and the hand to work. To my assistant instructors (Miss L. S. Dorr, Mrs. A. L. Dillard and Mrs. J. B. Hagans), who have labored so zealously in building up a moral and religious as well as a literary sentiment among those entrusted to their care, I am truly grateful. And to you, gentlemen of the Board of Managers, I return thanks for the kindly manner in which you have aided me in conducting the work, and the spirit you have exhibited in the mental development of the colored people. Very respectfully, H. E. HAGANS, Principal. Two Fears Ending June 30, 189^, 67 REPORT FOR 1893-94. GoLDSBORO, N. C, June 28, 1894. To the Local Board and State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Gentlemen—I have the honor to submit a report of the State Normal School for colored people, located at this place. We opened September 11, 1893, and closed June 15, 1894, a term of ten months, including one month of Teachers' Institute. The entire number of students enrolled: females, 110; males, 39—total, 149. GRADUATES. The absolute necessity for thoroughness in all the branches taught, and owing to the fact that none were as well prepared as they should be, we could not graduate anyone at the close of this term. So far as we are able to judge, all concerned agree that we are correct in demand-ing thoroughness of scholarship and adequate preparation before grad-uation. COURSE OF STUDY. We have followed the prescribed course indicated in the Catalogue. However, we are of the opinion that the standard could be raised to advantage. We believe the standard of scholarship for the Colored Normal should be as high as that of the white graded school, at least. DEPORTMENT. The order of the school has been uniformly good. We believe that moral character and chaste deportment should be rigidly taught in col-ored as well as in the white schools. PUBLIC SENTIMENT. There is a growing interest in this school among the citizens of Golds-boro and this section. This is indicated by the number of visitors and inquiries made during the term. At the close of the school we were hardly able to accommodate the crowds coming in from the neighboring villages, together with the great nu
Object Description
Description
Title | Biennial report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of North Carolina to Governor..., for the scholastic years... |
Other Title | Biennial report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction of North Carolina for the scholastic years from... |
Creator | North Carolina. Department of Public Instruction. |
Date | 1892; 1893; 1894 |
Place | North Carolina, United States |
Description | Includes "Public School Law of North Carolina" |
Publisher | Raleigh :Office of State Superintendent of Public Instruction,1895. |
Agency-Current |
North Carolina Department of Public Instruction |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Physical Characteristics | 1 v. ;23 cm. |
Collection |
Health Sciences Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill North Carolina State Documents Collection. State Library of North Carolina |
Type | Text |
Language | English |
Format | Reports |
Digital Characteristics-A | 214 p.; 10.94 MB |
Digital Collection |
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access, a North Carolina LSTA-funded grant project North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_biennialreportofspi1892.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_edp\images_master\ |
Full Text | I^ibrary of the University of North Carolina Endowed by the Dialectic and Philan-thropic Societies. C379 ^^ ^^L This hook must not be taken from the Library building. UMl'42S^' LUNC-1SMF.38 OP-1S906 Smr,^.°^''-C'^^ CHAPEL HILL 00030756192 This bookmust not be taken from the Library building. 95 XL^.A^ ;) oq; uo ^uo uo « SJ.N30 SAM *AlNO SMS 3 x^ BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE STATE SUPERINTENDENT PUBLIC INSTRUCTION NORTH CAROLINA FOR THE SCHOLASTIC YEARS FROM JULY 1, 1892, TO JUNE 30, 1893, AND FROM JULY 1, 1893, TO JUNE 30, 1894. MADE TO GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF 1895. RALEIGH : JosEPHus Daniei^s, State Printer and Binder. PRESSES OF EDWARDS * BROUGHTON. 1895./ office of State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Kaleigh, N. C, January 1, 1895. To His ExcelUncy Elias Carr, Governor of North Carolina. Sir—In compliance with Section 7, Article 3 of our State Constitution, and with Section 2540 of the Code of North Carolina, I submit to you my report for the two scholastic years from July 1, 1892, to June 30, 1893, and from July 1, 1893, to June 30, 1894, with such general remarks and special recommendations as I have seen proper to make in reference to our public school system, and with it the report of the Normal and Industrial School for White Women, at Greensboro, I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, JOHN C. SCARBOKOUGH, State Superintendent.of Public Instruction. INDEX. PAGE. Superintendent's remarks and recomnaendations. 9 Report of the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School, from October 1, 1893, to September 30,1894 14 Report of the President of the Normal and Industrial School . 17 Courses of study 18 Patronage ... 21 Boarding arrangements - 23 Finances.. 24 Treasurer and Bursar's report 26 Course of study for the public schools from Ist to 11th years 29 Text-books adopted by State Board of Education for use in the pub-lic schools .- 34 Peabody Funl, and scholarships at Nashville, Tenn.. 35 Peabody Fund received and disbursed. 37 Summary of statistics 38 Receipts for 1893 and 1894 38 Expenditures for 1893 and 1894 _ 38 Comparative statistics from 1884 to 1894 88 Census of school children from 1884 to 1894 39 Enrollment .. 39 Average attendance ^ 39 Average length of school term 40 Average sslary of teachers... — — 40 Value of public school property 40 Number of public school- houses 41 Number of public schools taught 41 Number of disiricts 42 Statistics of normal schools for 1898-94 for colored race 42 Institute work . 43 Reports of Institute Conductors 44 Report of Greensboro Normal Institute for Colored Teachers 47 Institute work by Faculty of the Normal and Industrial School 47 Normal Department of the Cullowhee High School 50 Normal schools for the colored race 59 Local Board of Directors and Principals 59 ^Salisbury, 1892-'93 ..; .. 59 Salisbury, 1893-'94 60 Report of Treasurer, 1892-'93 60 Report of Treasurer, 1893-94 61 I Fayetteville, 1892-'93 61 6 Index. PAGE. Fayetteville, 1893-'94 62 Report of Treasurer, 1893 J 63 Report of Treasurer, 1894 64 Goldsboro, for 1892-93 65 Goldsboro, for 1893-'94 67 Report of Treasurer for 1892-'93 68 Report of Treasurer for 1893-94 68 Plymouth, 1893-'93 69 Plymouth, 1893-'94 70 Report of Treasurer, 1892-'93.. 72 Report of Treasurer, 1893-94 72 Elizabeth City, l892-'93 - 72 EHzabeth City, 1893-'94.... .. .. 74 Report of Treasurer, 1892-93 74 Report of Treasurer, 1893-94 .76 Franklinton, 1893-'94 ..77 Report of Treasurer, 1893-94 78 Croatan Indian Normal School 79 Table 1—1893. School funds received 81 Table 2—1893. School funds disbursed... 84 Table 3—1893. Showing children between 6 and 21 years of "age enrolled and attending school, etc 87 Table 4—1893, Showing number of Public School Districts, etc 90 Tables—1893. Showing number teachers examined, etc 93 Table 6—1893. Showing number of pupils of different ages 96 Table 7—1893. Showing amount appropriated to white and colored, etc... 99 Table 1—1894. Funds received 102 Table 2—1894. Funds disbursed 105 Table 3—1894. Showing number children between 6 and 21 years of age, etc - 108 Table 4—1894. Showing number of Public School Districts, etc 111 Table 5—1894. Showing number of teachers examined, etc 114 Table 6—1894. Showing number of white pupils of different ages, from 6 to 21. etc ...117 Table 6—1894. Showing number of colored pupils of different ages, from 6 to 21, etc - 120 Table 7—1894. Showing amount appropriated to white and colored, etc.... 123 List of County Superintendents for 1894 126 List of County Boards of Education, 1894 128 BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE Superintendent of Public Instruction, SCHOLASTIC YEARS 1892-93 AND 1893-94. SUPERINTENDENT'S EECOMMENDATIONS AND REMARKS. Section 2540 of the Code of North Carolina makes it the duty of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction " to recommend such improvement in the school law as may occur to him." In the discharge of this dut}^ I make the following formal recommendations: First. I recommend the levy of more taxes direct by the Legislature for the support of the free public schools. Section 3 of Article 9 of the Constitution commands that one or more public schools in each school district shall be maintained at least yb?^/' months in every year. The total receipts as reported by the County Treasurers for schools for the school year 1893-'94: were $777,079.29. This sum, as shown by the reports of the County Superintendents, gave for the same year a fraction less than thirteen weeks. This falls short of four months by over sixteen days. A calculation will show that the sum of $12,500 is required for one day. Multiply by sixteen and we have $200,000 needed to carry the schools to eighty days at the present rate of paying teachers, which is less than an average of $25 per month. The value of the real and personal property of the State is $262,927,119.87. One cent on the $100 valuation 10 Report of Superintendent of Public [nstruction. will give $26,292.71. From this we see that seven and three-fifth cents on the $100 would be necessary, in addition to sixteen cents, the present rate. This would make a total of twenty-three and three-fifth cents on the $100. The Legis-lature ought to reach the four months' schools as required by the Constitution, if possible. It ought not to stop short of twenty-two cents on the $100 for schools. It must be constantly borne in mind that an efficient system of public schools which will reach and give to every child an elementary education, such as the studies prescribed by law for our public schools indicate as our purpose, is an expensive institution. We have played with this important subject quite long enough. We ought to take hold of it with a determination to accomplish it, certainly to the requirements of our Constitution. Second. I recommend that Section 2654 of The Code, as amended hj Section 44, Chapter 199, Laws of 1889, be amended in such way as will make it easier to have an elec-tion in each township, city or town on the question of local taxes for schools, and I recommend further, that Section 2655 of The Code be amended in such way as to increase the rate of local taxes for public schools. The maximum of one-tenth of one per cent, ought to be at least doubled. The greatest defect in our school system, as at present constituted, lies just here. An examination of the various systems of the States and Territories of this Union has convinced me that those systems having this provision as a general statute have been brought to their present state of efficiency largely by this feature in their laws ; and that those systems having this feature are, other things being equal, much more efficient than those without this feature. Much the larger part of the money spent for schools in New England and the Middle States, and in the States of the West and Northwest, is raised by local taxes levied by a vote of the people in the townships and towns as units for taxation for local school purposes. The supplement by Ttoo Years Ending June 30, 1891^. 11 local taxation is many times larger than the general fund for school purposes. These local taxes are raised thus because it is made easy by law for the people of each town or township to come together and vote as a community for school taxes for the benefit of the whole people of the com-munity so voting. Let us follow their example. The need is a pressing need, and the end to be attained is worthy of our best efforts and greatest sacrifices. I have submitted our present school law to the criticism of some of the most experienced and successful public school officers at the head of the most successful school systems. From these there is one opinion on this point. " The great need of your system is the 'local option school tax feature.' " This will bring the public schools home to the people in their local ideas and preferences. Each town and township voting the special tax will have better schools than those adjoining. This will lead to inquiry as to why this is so. Every citizen having the benefits of the better schools will have the answer ready. Thus we will have here and there centres of influence giving light and infor-mation on the best way to have good schools, and the schools will be there to give the best of all evidence on the subject—the work done. Who can estimate the influence in this direction of the graded schools already established in many of our cities and towns under special acts. To convince the citizens of one town of the great advantages of these schools, and to put them to work for such schools at their own homes, we have only to invite them to come and see. They go home saying, we will go and do likewise. What is true of these schools will also be true of every school for which a special tax is voted, whether in town or country. A proper spirit of rivalry will also spring up between schools, each school striving to surpass its neighbor in char-acter of work done, number enrolled, average attendance 12 Beport of Superintendent of Pnhlic Instructton. and methods of progress. The enemies of public schools will continually decrease in numbers, and first-class public schools will take the place of inefficient public and private schools. Teachers will find constant and permanent em-ployment as teachers, and we shall have our schools supplied largely by professional teachers, devoting all their time and energies to the work of the school-room, instead of by acci-dental teachers, who make teaching a stepping-stone to some other calling. The people will pay the taxes more willingly because the money is to be devoted to the home schools, and the blessings of good schools will be brought to the home of each taxpayer. I urge this matter upon the special consideration of the members of the Legislature, because I know it to be a matter of vital importance to us. The spirit of our people is now in sympathy with the public schools, and with wise and steady progress in school work. The time is oppor-tune and the people demand it, because they are realizing, now as never before, the necessity of putting a good school in the reach of every citizen's home and children. Third. Chapter 200 of the Laws of 1889 appropriated $4,000 for Teachers' Institute work in the State. Chapter 139, Laws of 1891, turned this appropriation to the support of the Normal and Industrial School at Greensboro. That is a good work for the State and for the schools and cause of general education in the State. The Institute work needs to be done now, and will continue to be a pressing need if we are to have our teachers in the j)ublic schools to be live, wide-awake, progressive teachers, earning in good work done the money they receive for teaching. We ought to have a Teachers' Institute, conducted by a first-class teacher and wise trainer of teachers, in each county each year. This will bring opportunities to teachers of the public schools which they cannot have elsewhere, for the simple reason that the larger number of them cannot T%oo Years Ending June 30, 189J^.. 13 go from the home county to seek opportunities, I recom-mend that the Legislature supply this need by an appropria-tion sufficient to meet it. This can be done by amending section 1, chapter 200, Laws of 1889. The fund there appro-priated was taken from the "summer iN'ormals" held in former years. These were called "Normals," but were Institutes of three or four weeks duration held at a few places. Carry the Institute to each county, and require the teachers to attend and improve themselves or be dropped from the roll of teachers in the public schools. Fourth. I recommend that the school systern in other respects be left intact as it now exists. It is as good as the systems of most other States, if the recommendations in reference to increase of funds for school purposes by gen-eral and local taxation be carried into etfect by the Legisla-ture. Put money enough into the system to support it (and it is more cheaply conducted than the larger number of school systems in this country), and it will compare favora-bly with the best. Let no violent changes be made in the interest of a false economy. We must have supervision, and to have this well done we must have paid Supervisors. No "cheap-john" school system has ever amounted to anything, and in the very nature of school work no such system can ever grow into anything useful in training citizens for a free country controlled by a free, independent and noble people. This most important interest of our people is in the hands of the people's representatives. Let them deal with it as wise men, intrusted with no more important interest in the wide domain of legislative statesmanship than this question of public education. JOHN C. SCARBOROUGH, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 14 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. I incorporate in this report the report of the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School for .White Women, at Greensboro, N. C, which is as follows: REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FROM OCTOBER 1st, 1892, TO SEPTEMBER 30th, 1894. Hon. Elias Carr, Governor of North Carolina. Dear Sir—Section 3 of Chapter 139, Laws of 1891, makes it the duty of the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School to submit to the Governor, biennially, before the meeting of each General Assembly, a report of the operations of the institution. In compliance with this provision of the statute, we respectfully submit our biennial report, showing the operations of the Normal and Industrial School during the first two years of its existence, from Octo-ber 1st, 1893, to September 30th, 1894. By reference to the act creating the institution, it will appear, from the fifth section thereof, that the Normal and Industrial School was established for the purpose of (1) " giving to young women such educa-tion as shall fit them for teaching, (2) to give instruction to young women in drawing, telegraphy, typewriting, stenography, and such other industrial arts as may be suitable to their sex and conducive to their support and usefulness." In the management of the institution, the Board of Directors have endeavored to keep constantly in view this purpose, and to observe as far as possible the legislative intent in creating the school. We transmit herewith, and as a part of this report, the report of Charles D. Mclver, President of the institution, and with his report a financial statement by E. J. Forney, Treasurer and Bursar. The state-ment of Mr. Forney of the financial condition of the institution was made by him after a careful and thorough examination of his books and vouchers by the Auditing Committee appointed by the Board of Directors. The following gentlemen compose said committee: M. C. S. Noble of Wilmington, B. F. Aycock of Wayne County, and J. M. Spainhour of Caldwell County. The President's report will indicate the scope of the institution and the character of the work it is accomplishing, and the Treasurer's statement will show its financial condition. We beg to call your Excellency's attention to the fact shown by the President's report, that the patronage of the institution has not been local in its character, but that representatives from nearly every county in the State have shared its privileges and benefits. Tloo Years Ending Juyie SO, 189 If.. 15 It is deemed proper to state in this connection that our accommoda-tions are inadequate to meet the requests for admission into the Normal and Industrial School, coming from young women in every section of our State. We cannot, with the means at our command at present, increase the capacity of the institution to a point commensurate with the demands made upon it. The great increase in patronage over that of the first year shows that the work of the institution is appreciated, and is responsive to the demands of the times. It is a matter of regret that since the beginning of the third scholastic year, the Board of Directors have been informed by Hon. J. L. M. Curry, General Agent of the Peabody Education Fund, that on account of the reduced amount of said fund at his command. North Carolina's apportionment therefrom must be smaller than heretofore. During the scholastic year 1894-95, the Normal and Industrial School can expect only $1,750 from the Peabody Fund. This is $1,250 less than we received from that fund last year. Dr. Curry says: "I am compelled, most reluctantly and sorrowfully, to reduce the appropriation for your State." It is gratifying to note Dr. Curry's estimate of the institution and its management, as is evidenced by the following language contained in his report to the Trustees of the Peabody Fund, at their meeting in New York City, Oct. 4, 1894: " Having been largely instrumental in the establishment of ' The State Normal and Industrial School' at Greensboro, the Trustees (of Peabody Fund) must feel the liveliest satisfaction at its great success under its present prudent and able management." The General Assembly of 1893 passed an act. Chapter 182, Public Laws of 1893, the second section of which act is as follows: " That for the purpose of discharging the indebtedness of the Normal and Industrial School, there is hereby appropriated out of any funds in the State Treasury not otherwise appropriated the annual sum of forty-five hundred dollars for two years; and further, that the State Board of Education be and it is hereby directed to invest nine thousand ($9,000) dollars of the North Carolina State bonds of the educational fund in the State Treasury in payment of the mortgage debt due to R. S. PuUen and R. T. Gray, for the property purchased from them by the Normal and Industrial School, and the said property shall be conveyed to the State Board of Education, to be held by it in trust: first, to secure the annual payment by said school of four per centum interest on nine thousand ($9,000) dollars to the State Treasurer for the general educa-tional fund; and, second, to reconvey said property to said school upon its repaying the said sum of nine thousand dollars advanced as aforesaid from the educational fund." 16 Reixjrt of Sxtperintendent of Pahlic Instruction. Under this section we drew the forty-five hundred ($4,500) dollars appropriated for each of the years 1893 and 1894, $9,000, and applied the same to the payment of the indebtedness, as per the act of A.s3embly. We also received the nine thousand dollars in North Carolina four per cent, bonds of the educational fund, invested by the State Board of Education as per the provisions of the above-quoted section, and paid the mortgage debt to R. S. PuUen and R. T. Gray for the property pur-chased from them by the Normal and Industrial School. The said property has been conveyed to the State Board of Education, to be held by said Board in trust, according to the conditions prescribed in the last clause of the said section quoted. We have paid the four per cent, interest on said investment by the State Board of Education to the Treasurer of the said Board for the benefit of the educational fund of State. V The deed to the State Board of Education for said property was exe-cuted by John C. Scarborough, President, and E. McK. Goodwin, Sec-retary, of the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School, by order of the Board of Directors, on the Ist day of March, 1893, We provided, under the supervision of the chairman of the Board of Directors, for ihe male members of the Faculty to hold County Teachers' Institutes, under the provisions of section 6 of Chapter 139, Laws of 1891. The chairman informs us that a more detailed statement of this Insti tute work will appear in his biennial report to the General Assembly of 1895. In concluding this report, we beg to assure your Excellency that you will always be a welcome visitor at the Institution. We trust that the General Assembly of 1895 will do us the honor to appoint a committee to visit the institution for the purpose of examin-ing the buildings, their equipment, and the work now being done by the institution. Respectfully submitted, JOHN C. SCARBOROUGH, President, J. M. SPA IN HOUR, Secretary, M. C. S, NOBLE, E. McK, GOODWIN, R. H. STANCELL B, F. AYCOCK, S. M. FINGER. R, D, GILMER, H. G. CHATHAM, W. P. SHAW,* Raleigh, N. C, Dec. 14, 1894. Board of Directors. * When this report was prepared, W. P. Shaw was abscnton account of sickness. Two Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 17 PRESIDENT'S REPORT. To the Board of Directors of the Normal and Industrial School. At your request I have prepared the following statement of the gen-eral operations of the Normal and Industrial School for the past two years, ending September 30, 1894. The act establishing the Normal and Industrial School was passed by the General Assembly of 1891, and in October, 1892, the doors of the institution were opened for the reception of students. The purpose for which the institution was created is stated in section 5 of the act establishing it, which is as follows: "Sec. 5. The objects of the institution shall be (1) to give to young women such education as shall fit them for teaching; (2) to give instruc-tion to young women in drawing, telegraphy, typewriting, stenography, and such other industrial arts as may be suitable to their sex and con-ducive to their support and usefulness. Tuition shall be free to those who signify their intention to teach upon such conitions as may be pre-scribed by the board of directors." A Normal College and an Industrial School combined into one institu-tion requires a course of study embracing a wide range, a large number of instructors and recitation rooms, and varied equipment. Keeping constantly in view the requirements of the charter " to give to young women such education as shall fit them for teaching," and to give them instruction in "such industrial arts as may be suitable to their sex and conducive to their support and usefulness," the authorities of the institution adopted a course of study embracing — 1. A Normal Department. 2. A Commercial Department. 3. A Domestic Science Department. The object of the Normal Department is to give, first, the scholarship necessary to good teaching, when this has not been acquired elsewhere; and, second, knowledge of the history of education and great educa-tional movements, acquaintance with ancient and modern theories and practices in education, together with training, including observation and actual practice, in right methods of teaching. The Commercial Department includes stenography, typewriting, teleg-raphy and bookkeeping. The Domestic Science Department includes, sewing, cutting and fit-ting, and combining colors; cooking, preparing food for the sick; and general household economics. Students who desire to study only one department, and who are pre-pared to do the work in that department, can give their entire attention to it. From the beginning there have been a number of students who have done this, but a large majority have preferred to take work in more than one department. The board of directors and Faculty have, therefore, after careful study and consideration, adopted the following 18 Report of Superintendent of Puhlio Inst/ruction. three courses of study, the completion of any one of which entitles the student to a diploma of graduation: COURSES OF STUDY. Course I. Regular Course. FRESHMAN. Algebra English General and English History Latin Physical Geography and Botany Drawing Vocal Music Physical Culture 6 c8 12; SOPHOMORE. c3 d «8 Plane Geometry ._ I 4 English I 3 Latin 4 Modern Language I 3 Chemistry : 5 Psychology 3 Drawing i 2 Vocal Music j I Physical Culture 2 JUNIOR. Solid Geom. and Plane Trig. English Latin Modern Language Physics Physiology History of Education Physical Culture SENIOR. Spherical Trig, and Arith English History Latin or Modern Language Geology or Zoology Methods and Practice FRESHMAN. Algei'ra English - General and English History Ijalin Physical Geography and Botany. * Sewing Vocal Music Physical Culture * Instead of one year of drawing. SOPHOMORE. Plane Geometry English Latin *Cutting and Fitting. — Chemistry Psychology Drawing (first year) Vocal Music Physical Culture * Instead of one year of modern language. COUKSE 11. Allowing Special Attention to Domestic Science. 12; Two Years Ending June 30, 18H. 19 Course 11.— Continued. JUNIOR. Solid Geom. and Plane Trig English Latin * Cooking Physics Physiology History of Education Physical Culture Instead of one year of modern language. O 01 6 ^ SENIOR. Spherical Trig, and A.rith English History Latin (jfeology and Zoology Methods and Practice *Hoasehold Economics-- Additional. d o3 'A Course III. Allowing Special Attention to Commercial Department. FRESHMAN. Algebra English -. General and English History' Latin Physical Geography and Botany Drawing Vocal Music Physical Culture JUNIOR. dm 6 s Z English Latin Modern Language Shorthand Physiology History of Education Physical Culture Instead of physics and junior mathematics. SOPHOMORE. Plane Geometry English Latin Modern Language Chemistry Psychology Bookkeeping Vocal Music Physical Culture Instead of 2d year drawin SENIOR. English History Latin or Modern Language — . .Shorthand Typewriting Methods and Practice Instead of .senior science and senior mathematics. d d 3 .3 3 5 23^ 20 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. It will be noticed that this course of study connects with the course prescribed by the school law for the public schools of the State. Nothing is required for adaiission to the institution which is not taught in the public schools, because to make the requirements for scholarship higher than that would exclude fronj the advantages of the institution alto-gether a large class of ambitious young women who have very few edu-cational opportunities except those offered by the public schools. Of course those whose scholarship will justify it can enter sophomore, junior, or senior classes. All students who are working in one of the regular courses (and this embraces at least nine-tenths of the enrollment), are required to take work in the Pedagogics Department above the freshman year; and even in the freshman year drawing and vocal music are given with a view to helping teachers use these branches in the schools which they will teach, and special work i'^ given by different members of the Faculty in methods of teaching arithmetic, English, and geography. For students who can remain only one year and expect to teach, a special course in methods is given, if their general scholarship is sufficient to allow them to take it. Each candidate for a diploma or certificate is required to spend a portion of her last year in the Practice and Observation School, where the theories of the department of Pedagogics are tested and illustrated, so far as it is practicable for this to be done. More room is needed for the Practice and Observation School, and it is hoped that within a year some arrangement can be made with the Greensboro schoolboard by which we can have a new public school near the institution which can be used for a practice school by our student-teachers. The average number of students doing work in the Domestic Science Department during the two years was 180, while the average number devoting themselves to the Commercial Course was about 50. Unless there is some special reason why it should be done, no student is excused from taking physical culture, vocal music, and drawing, which last is both a normal and an industrial study. During the past two years diplomas have been granted to eighteen young women, who are the only graduates of the institution at this time. Special certificates in the Normal Department have been granted to twenty others who had completed the freshman and sophomore courses creditably, and had taken a special additional course in the Department of Pedagogics. Certificates have also been given to ten students of the shorthand course, certifying to the fact that they could write from 80 to 120 words a minute. Most of these students have found no difficulty in securing good positions to teach, or in business offices. What is true of those holding diplomas and certificates of the institution, is also true, in a measure, of a large number who were com-pelled to leave the institution before completing any prescribed course. Two Years Ending June 30^ 189J/,. 2L The enrollment of students during the first year was 283 The enrollment of students during the second year was... 391 The number of matriculates, that is, the number of individuals who entered as students during the two years, was 486 The number of matriculates for the first three years will be about. 700 Of the 223 students enrolled the first year, the names of more than sixty will appear on the catalogue of this, our third year; more than ninety have taught since they left the institution; a few have been unable to secure positions; and more than fifty were under no obligation to teach, as they paid the regular charges for tuition. I have not full information as to how many of those who left us at the end of the sec-ond year, last May, have become teachers; but it is known that of the 486 young women who matiiculated during the first two years, at least 150 have become teachers. About 200 of them are still students of the institution. PATRONAGE. The patronage of the Normal and Industrial School from the day it opened to the present time has been all that its best friends could have expected it to be. By this I refer not merely to numbers, but especially to the representative character of the patronage. It is thoroughly North Carolinian, and includes young women from all sections of the State and of all grades of previous educational opportunity. Among them are graduates of our leading institutions for girls; graduates from our graded schools; those who have been prepared by their local private academies; and many others whose educational opportunities have been only those afforded by public schools throughout the State. The majority, according to their own statements, came because the Normal and Industrial School is the only insiitulion offering what they desired within their financial reach. This class almost invariably take the obli-gation to teach, and clai n free tuition under the provisions of the act establishing the institution. Another class came because they wanted to prepare for teaching or industrial pursuits, and preferred an institu-tion whose main purpose is to give such preparation, and where the general surroundings are in harmony with their purposes. Others still, who belong to neither of these classes, but who believe in thoroughness in the essentials of education, and who think it wise to be prepared to earn their living, should it ever become necessary, were attracted because of the einphasis the Normal and Industrial School places upon the practical side of education. This last class of students have gene-rally paid tuition and have not taken the obligation to become teachers. The students are, as a rule, mature young women, thoughtful and industrious, and anxious to improve every opportunity, To be admitted to the iiistitution. applicants must be as old as sixteen years, counting the nearest birthday. When there are special reasons for admitting a 22 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. student who is only fifteen, the Board of Directors allows it to be done, but exceptions were made during the first two years in only eight cases, and the average age of students was between nineteen and twenty years. I feel that I ought to call your attention to the fact that the students themselves are supporting, or aiding in the support, of six or eight young women in the institution. Each of the two literary societies, the Cornelian and Adelphian, support one student, and a number of young women who have worked their way through the institution, and who are now teaching, are sending back small annual contributions to a general fund with which others are helped. While this is not to be a report of the operations of the institution since October, the beginning of our present fiscal and scholastic year, yet I think it is proper to say that our enrollment now is only slightly larger than it was last year. We have reached the limit of our recita-tion- room capacity. Nearly every recitation-room is now used by two teachers or more during the day, part of the teaching work beginning at 8:15 A. M., and a part of it being done as late as 5:30 P. M. While the Board found it necessary, on this account, to limit the number of students, yet a larger number of counties is represented than hereto-fore. There are now only eight counties of the ninety-six in the State that have had no representative at the Normal and Industrial School. The following interesting and suggestive table of statistics, obtained from the students themselves when they entered the institution, shows the character of the patronage and its wide range as to locality, class and previous educational opportunities : YEAR 1892-'93. YEAR 1893-94. 223 Number of students enrolled 391 19| Average age of students. ... 19f 70 - Number of counties represented 77 14 .. Number of graduates of other institutions for women 24 8 Number of graduates of public high schools 18 80 Number who have taught 104 95 Number who defrayed their own expenses 127 53 Number whose fathers are not living 97 83 -. Number whose fathers are farmers 153 16 Number whose fathers are merchants 26 9 Number whose fathers are bookkeepers 7 8 Number whose fathers are clergymen 7 8 Number whose fathers are physicians .-. 16 5 Number whose fathers are teachers 6 5 Number whose fathers are lawyers 11 Number whose fathers are lumber dealers 8 Two Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 23 YEAR 1892-'93. YEAR 1893-94. Number whose fathers are liverymen 1 2 Number whose fathers are drummers 5 ... Number whose fathers are auctioneers... 1 Number whose fathers are manufacturers 4 2 Number whose fathers are millers 4 Number whose fathers are mechanics -. 5 2 Number whose fathers are engineers 3 2 Number whose fathers are tobacconists 3 2 Number whose fathers are railroad agents 7 2 ,. Number whose fathers are hotel proprietors 3 2 Number whose fathers are insurance agents 4 1 Number whose fathers are bankers 1 2 Number whose fathers have retired from business 6 15 .Number whose fathers are engaged in miscellaneous business. 17 Number educated, partially or entirely, in public schools 317 Number who, according to their own statement, would not have attended any North Carolina College if they had not become students of the Normal and Industrial School 246 THESE FIGURES SHOW : 1. That 32 percent., or nearly one-third, of the students of the past year defrayed their own expenses, with borrowed money or with their own earnings, and without help from parents. 2. That 63 per cent., or nearly two- thirds, would have attended no other North Carolina college if they had not become students of the Normal and Industrial School. 3. That 317 students, or 81 per cenr., received thfir preparation par-tially or entirely in the public schools. BOARDING ARRANGEMENTS. Board in the dormitories has been furnished within the limit made by law, that is, $8 a month. The cost of board during the first year was $7.79|- a month, and during the second year $7,931. There are a number of families living near the institution, the distance ranging fi'om one hundred yards to a quarter of a mile, where board is furnished at from $9 to $12 a month, the usual rate being $10 or $10.50. During the first year the institution enrolled, besides local students, more than sixty who boarded in private families; during the second year more than one hundred. While under the same general management, the boarding arrange-ment for the students is kept entirely separate from the regular work of the institution, there being no dormitory rooms in the main school-building. No part of the State appropriations and revenues of the 24 Rejyort of Superintendent of Public Instruction. institution proper, derived from other sources, can be used for boarding expenses, nor is the institution allowed by law to make any profit on the board furnished. There are three dormitory buildings under the general care of a lady Principal, assisted by two other members of the Faculty. The institution employs as a member of its Faculty a woman physi-cian, who teaches physiology, and who is the resident physician, both for the students in the dormitories and for those who board in private families, including the local patronage. While the health of the stu-dents has been excellent as a rule, I desire to urge the necessity of a good infirmary, separate from all other buildings. This is needed both to promote the comfort of our patients, and for protection against epi-demics, and panics caused by the fear of epidemics. It would also lighten the work of the physician, and prevent the necessity of her leaving the premises at night to attend any cases of severe illness which might occur in private boarding-houses. I wish to call your attention to another urgent need. Our dining-room will accommodate only one-half of our dormitory students at once, and ought to be enlarged as soon as it is possible for the Board of Directors to find the funds with which to enlarge it. The dormitories will now accommodate two hundred and seventy boarders. As you are already aware, the porches which were a part of the orig-inal design for the main dormitory building have never been added, on account of our lack of funds. FINANCES. For your information on financial matters. I refer you to the state-ment of the Bursar and Treasurer, showing the receipts and disburse-ments of the institution for the period of two years, ending September 30, 1894. You will observe that the disbursements exceed the receipts |1,262.82, which amount was overdrawn at the bank a few days before October Ist. This was made necessary, partly, by the fact that the reve-nue derived from the book rent for two years was not sufficient to pay for the books and recitation apparatus necessary to carry on the work of the institution. Book rents for the third year did not come in until after October 1, and they have been used since then to balance the overdrawn account, as well as to pay for the comparatively small addi-tion of books the third year. Moreover, it was thought by the Executive Committee that additional recitation room was necessary, and it was decided to extend the wooden dormitory so as to make four recitation-rooms on the lower floor, and so that the second floor could be used to accommodate twenty addi-tional tuition-paying students, thus bringing in an annual revenue of This will pay very soon for the expense of the additional build- Tloo Years Ending June 30, 1894-. 25 ing, furniture, etc., though the first year's receipts will not be equal to the expense. A part of this expense of building was incurred last summer, and had to be paid out of last year's funds. The rest of the expense has been met since October 1 with this year's* revenues, and the institution owes no debts now which it cannot pay when they shall fall due. With the present annual appropriation and probable receipts we can pay our expenses for the present year, and have no indebtedness October 1, 1895. It will not be possible, however, to do more than this. The dining-room must remain unenlarged, and the porches, the infirmary and a school-building for the Practice and Observation School, which is one of our greatest needs, must remain unbuilt. Nor can there be any mate-rial addition to our library. I feel that I should refer to the need of a larger gymnasium, but will not dwell upon it at this time. I believe that it would be wise for the Board of Directors to present these needs to the Governor in their report, calling attention to the fact that the State has not been called upon to buy the land or erect the buildings for the Normal and Industrial School; that the land belonging to the institution was a donation to the State from private individuals; that the brick buildings were erected and completed chiefly with the money voted by the town of Greensboro, and by tuition fees from the students; that the wooden dormitories are leased, one from the State Board of Education and the other from a private individual, the rent for both being paid with receipts from students' fees; and that, notwith-standing the fact that the Board of Directors have used all their resources to make the accommodations as ample as possible, yet it is impossible to receive many applicants who desire to be admitted to the institution. The Normal and Industrial School belongs to the people of the State. There is ample evidence that it has won their appreciation, and that there was a genuine demand and need for the institution. I do not doubt that the representatives of the people will carefully consider its needs, and that they will do whatever seems proper and possible to pro-mote its welfare. Before concluding this report, I should like to express my high esti-mate of the work done by the Faculty whom you have associated with me, and also to thank the Board of Directors for its uniform courtesy and consideration. CHARLES D. McIVER, December 14, 1894. President. 26 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. TREASURER AND BURSAR'S REPORT. State Normal and Industrial School, Greensboro, N. C, December 12, 1894. To the Board of Directors. Gentlemen—As Treasurer of the Board of Directors, and Bursar of the Institution, I beg to make the following statement of the moneys received and disbursed for the two fiscal years beginning October 1st, 1892, and ending September 30th, 1894 : RECEIPTS for the TWO YEARS. 1892. Balance on last quarter of State appropria-tion through President of Board of Direct-ors % 598 69 1893. Balance on first semi-annual State appropri-ation 4,769 84 1893. Second semi-annual State appropriation 6,250 00 1894. First semi-annual State appropriation 6,250 00 1894. Second semi-annual State appropriation 6,250 00 $24,118 03 1893. Special appropriation to pay indebtedness for hot-water heating system, Thomas Wood-roflfe contractor, etc $4,500 00 1894. Special appropriation to pay indebtedness for hot-water heating system, Thomas Wood-roflfe contractor, etc 4,500 00 9,000 00 1892-93. PeabodyFund $5,000 00 1893-94. PeabodyFund 8,000 00 8,000 00 1892-93. Tuition $2,146 00 1883-94. Tuition 4,727 00 6,873 00 1892-93. Amount received from rent of books.... $1,065 00 1898-94. Amount received from rent of books 1,866 00 3,931 00 1892-93. Physician's, physical culture and inci-dental fees $1,490 00 1893-94. Physician's, physical culture and inci-dental fees -- 2,614 00 4,104 00 1892-93. Single beds and piano rent $229 00 1893-94. Single beds and piano rent 185 00 414 00 1892-93. Rent of President's residence $180 00 1893-94. Rent of President's residence 180 00 360 00 Two Years Ending June SO, 189Jf,. 27 1892-93. Sundry cash, profit on laundry, receipts from insurance companies, carriage hire, drayage, etc $148 96 1893-94. Sundry cash, profit on laundry, receipts from insurance companies, carriage hire, drayage, etc 810 57$ 959 53 Totals $56,759 56 $56,759 56 DISBURSEMENTS FOR THE TWO YEARS. 1892-93. Faculty, eleven regular teachers $10,550 00 1893-94. Faculty, sixteen regular teachers 18.622 55 $24,172 55 1892-93. Books for use of institution, text-books and Hbrary $2,027 69 1893-94. Books for use of institution, text-books and library 1,359 84 3,387 53 1892-93. General Expenses—Servants' hire, car-penter, printing, catalogues, postage, stationery, electric light, water pipes, sewer pipes, repairing, expenses inci-dent to board meetings (no per diem), etc - $2,407 53 1893-94. General Expenses—Servants' hire, car-penter, printing, catalogues, postage, stationery, electric light, water pipes, sewer pipes, repairing, expenses inci-dent to board meetings (no per diem), etc 2,472 06 4,879 59 Indebtedness Paid— Notes to Thomas Woodrofife, contractor, and part interest $6,500 00 American Heater Company's note and interest... 2,079 62 To Thomas Woodroffe, contractor, balance on ac-count 3,000 00 11,579 62 Permanent Improvements— Completing third story of brick dormitory, furni-ture, tableware, range and kitchen furni-ture, making accommodations for about one hundred additional boarders in dormitories. $3,698 75 New brick kitchen, stable, servants' house, work on grounds, hot-water boilers, baths and labor on additional dormitory and reception rooms 2,359 51 $6,058 26 28 Rejjort of Superintendent of PuUic Instruction. Equipment— Chemistry, Physics, CoQimercial, Domestic Science and Art Departments, Practice School and Gymnasium Three pianos, one organ, office desks, chairs and miscellaneous equipment .. - Vehicles, horses, harness, wagon and general im-plements for work on premises Insurance, three years Interest for eighteen months paid on $9,000 of 4 per cent, bonds invested by the State Board of Education in buildings and land, bought from Pullen and Gray.. 540 00 Interest to Pullen and Gray before State Board of Education invested their bonds Other interest to carry notes at bank Rent of Teague building, used for dormitory pur-poses Fuel Freight on school furniture .... 3,020 00 Two Years Ending June 30, 1894-. 29 COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. I insert in this report a course of study for the ordinary public schools in the State, prepared by my predecessor, Hon. S. M. Finger. I take his scheme, in the main, and publish it for the information of teachers and school officers. The following course of shidy is intended to guide the teachers not so much as to how much should be accomplished in this general system of public schools, but more especially to guide them as to the order in which the different books on our State list should be taken up. The course supposes that the child enters school at six years of age and attends regularly four months each year. If he has ordinary capacity and good teaching, and especially if he is encouraged to read and study at home during the long vacations—at least enough to hold progress already made—this course can be fairly well accomplished as laid down. Every teacher should strive earnestly to have the pupils become inter-ested in completing the steps year by year, and to secure such co-opera-tion by parents as will induce them to buy for their children not only the text-books as they are indicated by the course, but to get also for them other entertaining books that will induce them to read. This reading will not only 'give them information which they ought to have, but it will give them a vocabulary and an ability to understand the language in which their text-books and other books are written, and so enable them the better to accomplish the coarse. If children do not advance as rapidly as they should their parents may be as much at fault as the teacher. The age of the children will not always indicate what branches are to be taken. Some children will be found less advanced than others who are younger, and will have to take studies according to advancement rather than age. But still the course of study will indicate what branches ought ordinarily to be pursued at the same time as parallel studies. Other children will be found who are advanced proportionally more in one branch than in another, and the course will, perhaps, not show what branches they ought to take as parallel studies. Under such conditions there is opportunity for the exercise of the common sense of the teacher, without which success is impossible. If the teachers will carefully note what is specially intended they will the more easily be able to classify the pupils and advance them. 1. An earnest effort is to be made to get the children to read under-standingly at as early an age as pcissible. Hence the stress laid upon the use of the Readers and Harrington's Speller in such thorough and systematic way as necessary to give the children the meaning and use 30 Report of Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction. of the words. In the early stages of the course this meaning is not to be learned from definitions, but by actual use of the words in sentences. 2. The four fundamental rules in arithmetic are to be thoroughly learned before the pupils are allowed to pass beyond them. At first the children will not be able to read well enough to use an arithmetic, and so the teacher will have to devise means to teach them something about figures without the book in their hands. As a rule, perhaps Sanford's Primary Arithmetic may be placed in their hands when they begin the Third Reader. Of course, along with this practice in the four fundamental rules the pupils must have some practical examples. These can be made up by the teacher or be taken from the books. It is, perhaps, needless to say that blackboards are indispensable. 3. Penmanship is to be incidentally taught at the very beginning of the course by the use of slate and pencil. Later it should be taught to all the pupils by the use of pen and ink and copy-books. In what has been said so far, attention to reading, writing and ele-mentary arithmetic has been emphasized. The "three R's" are of first importance, and every teacher should give special attention to the instruc-tion of the smaller children in these fundamentals. It too often happens that the smaller children in our ungraded county schools are neglected. In the multiplicity of the work which the teacher has to do, he rather inclines to bestow undue attention upon the more advanced pupils. They ought to be more able to help themselves-than those less advanced. A determined effort ought to be made by all teachers to advance the smaller children, so that at as early a day as possible they may be able to use the text-books intelligently and profitably. This accomplished, the books on the different subjects should be put into their hands and lessons assigned. At regular times (not necessarily every day in each study), these lessons should be " heard " and thoroughly explained and enlarged upon by the teacher. 4. Geography and history, in this course, occupy a prominent place. All will at once see the reason for this. Certainly everyone should know what kind of a world he lives in; what kind of people have lived in it, and what kind now live in it; what they have made out of it, and what they have done. One of the greatest mistakep some people make is to lay little stress upon these branches as studies to be pur-sued in the schools. Our law does not specially contemplate the use of textbooks in the natural sciences. All through the course, however, from the very beginning to the end, the teacher should give instruction about Nature-all objects which surround the children in such great numbers. While the study of geography is pursued there is excellent opportunity for this line of work. Teach the children to go through the world with their eyes open, seeing everything and inquiring about everything. Two Years Ending June 30, 189Jf.. 31 5. As to English grammar, two mistakes are made: (a) A disposition to neglect it, if not entirely to eliminate it from the school course; and (b) An effort to place books on technical grammar in the hands of children before they can comprehend the language in which they are written. This course of study indicates what is considered a proper place for this very important study. Perhaps there is no branch that is more diflScult to teach and that requires more effort on the part of the teacher. But surely it has a place in a course, the main object of which should be to give to every pupil the intelligent and fluent use of his own lan-guage— the language in which he reads and conducts his ordinary busi-ness orally and by letter-writing. It is conceded that much can be done in this direction by language lessons, such as we have in our readers, speller, and other books, but at the proper time the grammars must be studied. 6. Instruction is to be given to all children orally, or from lessons assigned them from text-books, when far enough advanced to use them, relative to the preservation of health and the effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics. The course indicates a plan for this instruction, and every teacher must give due attention to it. 7. The course is not laid down beyond sixteen years of age. At that age the pupil is supposed to have gone over the branches usually studied in the common-school course. If pupils desire to pursue other studies, such as usually belong to a high-school course, the committees have authority to arrange for them to be taught. COURSE OF STUDY. FIRST YEAR. (Suppose that the child enters school at six years of age, and has no knowledge of books.) McGuffey's Primer, with slate; writing words on slite; making fig-ures; counting, etc. [Note.—The teacher in teaching reading should not confine himself to any one method. A combination of the different methods is best, especially of the word method and the alphabetical method. Begin with the word method, but as soon as possible have the child write in script the letters and words, and spell orally, using the names of the letters. When the child has advanced far enough he should be taught all the diacritical marks and the different powers of the letters, but there is danger of attempting too much of this in the first year of the course. 32 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. SECOND YEAR. Holmes' First Reader; Harrington's Speller, first twelve pages; writ-ing on slate; addition and subtraction of numbers to ten, with some simple examples given by the teacher, as time may allow. THIRD YEAR. Holmes' Second Reader; Harrington's Speller from page 13 to page 26; addition and subtraction, not using numbers so large that the children cannot readily comprehend them. FOURTH YEAR. Holmes' Third Reader; Harrington's Speller, from page 27 to page 50; Sanford's Primary Arithmetic; the multiplication table perfectly learned. FIFTH YEAR. Holmes' Fourth Reader; Harrington's Speller, from page 51 to page 78; Sanford's Primary Arithmetic—long division specially taught, [NoTB.—It is presumed that the teachers will spend six hours in actual work each day. At least half of this time should be given to the course as laid down for the first five years. If this is done the pupils will have opportunity to lay a good foundation, and the worls of the teacher in the course beyond the fifth year will not be so much one of hearing recitations as of assigning lessons and seeing that each pupil devotes a reasonable amount of time each day in diligent study of each branch. The teacher should always be ready to help him over the rough places, and he should hear at least two or three recitations each week by each class. No teacher need fear results if he succeeds in enlisting earnest eflfbrts on the part of his pupils.] SIXTH YEAR. Mrs. Spencer's First Steps in History; Sanford's Intermediate Arithme-tic to multiplication of fractions; Maury's Elementary Geography to page 62; Harrington's Speller, pait second, first twenty pagfs. [Note.—It is to be presumed that during all the years that precede this year the teacher has taught orally the first principles of geography. At this stage in the course every pupil should have a dictionary and be taught how to use it, and during the whole of the remainder of the course the dictionary should be freely consulted.] SEVENTH YEAR. Maury's Elementary Geography, from page 62 to end; Harrington's Speller, second part, from page 21 ti page 40; Sanford's. Intermediate Arithmetic, from multiplication of fractions to the end. Two Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 33 EIGHTH YEAR. Hansen's U. S. History; Sanford's Common-School Arithmetic to page 156; Harrington's Speller, second part, from page 41 to page 65. [Note.—In studying history some geograpliy should always be at hand as a reference book. J NINTH YEAR. Sanford's Common-School Arithmetic, from page 156 to page 279; Harrington's Speller, second part, from page 65 to page 88; Harvey's Elementary Grammar to False Syntax. TENTH YEAR. Harvey's Elementary Grammar completed; Sanford's Common-School Arithmetic reviewed and completed; Maury's Manual of Geograpliy to British America; Moore's N. C. History. ELEVENTH YEAR. Harvey's English Grammar, revised edition, to Syntax; Steele's Physi-ology and Hygiene; Maury's Manual of Geography, completed; Higher Arithmetic or Algebra. "Good Health for Children" taught orally two lessons per week to classes in Fourth Reader and to all children below Fourth Reader. " Health Lessons for Beginners, ' until completed, in the hands of all pupils above Fourth Reader, two lessons per week. Besides the writing that the pupils will do on the slates and with lead pencils, which should all the time be encouraged, the teacher should have systematic work in penmanship for the vrhole school at least twice a week. Every teacher will take note of the fact that this course is not intended to be rigidly adhered to, and it is not considered absolutely necessary that every pupil thoroughly complete any step before he can take the next, and no child should be kept from advancing to a higher branch of study because others of his grade are not considered ready to go with him. It is often best to let pupils take a step that is somewhat too high, rather than discourage them by keeping them back too long. While it is certain that a very large proportion of the children will not be able to go to school long enough to complete this course, it is believed that it is best to have something definite to work at—certain books named and the order fixed in which they should be studied. It is hoped that very many children will be stimulated to an effort to possess and study all the books out of school as well as during the session. Every teacher is earnestly requested to leave on record in his register the branches pursued at the preceding session hy every pupil, so that his successor may have the desired information in organizing the school. 34 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. TEXT-BOOKS ADOPTED BY STATE BOAKD OF EDUCATION FOR USE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The adoption of a series of books by the Board of Edu-cation has practically brought about uniformity of text-books in the ordinary public schools of the State, an end much to be desired, and of great practical benefit to the people and the schools. It affords protection against improper and unfair books. It enables the teacher \o have fewer classes and to give better instruction. It largely decreases the number of books necessary for any family to buy, and it also reduces the price of the books, because better terms can be made with the publishers. Uniformity also secures a saving of money to people who move from one district or county to another. The books carried with them are used in any school which their children may attend. It is purely a business matter in the interest of the pat-rons, pupils and teachers of the public schools. The depos-itory from which any dealer can order any and all books on the State list is with the University Publishing Company, 43, 45 and 47 East Tenth street, New York City. The follow-ing is the list and cash retail price to pupils, of the books recommended and adopted : Retail Contract Price. Brand's Good Health for Children $ 20 Brand's Health Lessons for Beginners - 28 Eclectic Copy- Books. (Elementary.) Per dozen 86-^^ Eclectic Copy- Books. Per dozen lr-06 ^ ^ Harper's New Graded Copy Books. Primary. 7 Nop. Per dozen 80 7 J, Harper's New Graded Copy-Books. Gram. Sch'J. 8 Nos. Per dozen 1—06 ^(^ Harrington's Spelling Book 20 Harvey's Revised Elementary Grammar and Composition 4& V i_ Harvej's Revised English Grammar -W^J^ Holmes' First Reader, New Edition 15 Holmes' Second Reader, New Edition 25 Holmes' Third Reader, New Edition 40 Holmes' Fourth Reader, New Edition 50 Holmes' Fifth Reader, New Edition 72 Two Tears Ending June 30, 189^. 35 Retail Contract Price. Hansen's School History of the United States $ 60 Hansen's Higher History of the United States 1 00 James' Southern Selections (Speech Book) 1 10 McGuffey's Revised Eclectic Primer 10 Maury's Elementary Geography 55 Maury's Revised Manual Geography, North Carolina Edition. 1 25 Maury's Revised Physical Geography 1 20 Moore's History of North Carolina 85 North Carolina Speaker. Cloth 50 North Carolina Speaker. Paper 40 North Carolina Writing Books. Per dozen 100 Page's Theory and Practice of Teaching 1 00 Sanford's Primary Analytical Arithmetic 20 Sanford's Intermediate Analytical Arithmetic 36 Sanford's Common School Analytical Arithmetic -.. 64 Sanford's Higher Analytical Arithmetic 85 Sanford's Elementary Algebra 1 00 Mrs. Spencer's First Steps in North Carolina History 75 Steele's Abridged Physiology 50 Stevens' History of the United States (Reference Book) 1 08 Swinton's Language Primer 28 Webster's Primary Dictionary 48 Webster's Common School Dictionary 72 Webster's High School Dictionary 98 Webster's Academic Dictionary 1 50 Webster's Counting House Dictionary 2 40 Worcester's Primary Dictionary 48 Worcester's New School Dictionary 80 Worcester's Comprehensive Dictionary 1 40 Worcester's Academic Dictionary 1 50 Worcester's Octavo Dictionary :... 3 40 Peterman's Elements of Civil Government 60 ' -Singer's Civil Government in North Carolina and the United States 60 , > Scbool History of the Negro Race in America, by E, A. Johnson.. 75 " PEABODT FUND AND SCHOLARSHIPS AT NASHVILLE, TENN. ; , . The State has at the Peabody Normal College, Nashville, -X* Tenn , twenty (20) scholarships, worth each $100 per annum, for two years, tuition, and traveling expenses to and from Nashville. These scholarships are filled by the State Superintendent under regulations made by the Institution. Examinations 36 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. are held under the superv^ision of the State Superintendent upon questions sent out by the President of the College. The questions now embrace the branches named in our school law and Elementary Algebra, two books in Geom-etry, Addison's DeCoverly Papers and Irving's Sketch Book, Beginner's Latin Book and Collar's Gate to Cassar. The State Superintendent has no option to select the stu-dents from the different counties, so as to give all the coun-ties in turn the benefit of this fund, but he must be guided by scholarship as shown by the examinations, and by the physical health of the applicants and their purpose to make teaching their regular profession. The object of the College is to provide proficient teachers. No one need apply who has not a well-determined purpose to make teaching a life-work, and, to be successful, he must promise to teach at least two years in the State. The following is a list of scholarship students at the Pea-body Normal College, Nashville, Tenn., who won scholar-ships at competitive'examinations, July 20, 1893, for session 1893-'9tt : W. R. Freeman, Dobson, Surry County, N, C. W. A. Goodman, Goodman, Anson County, N. C. Alonzo T, King, "Wilmington, New Hanover County, N. C. John D. MacRae, Fayetteville, Cumberland County, N. C. Chas. S. Kirk, Unionville, Union County, N. C. Miss Stella Passmore, Cary, Wake County, N. C. Miss Canary Harper, Snowhill, Green County, N. C. Miss M. D. Graham, Ridgeway, Warren County, N, C. Miss Jessie Sharpe, Stem, Granville County, N. C. Miss Nannie Woods, Hillsboro, Orange County, N. C. Miss Daisy Crump, Tillery, Halifax County, N. C. Miss Ida Montgomer}^, Raleigh, Wake County, N. C. List of appointments made by Dr. Payne, President of the College, from non-scholarship students at the College, from North Carolina, paying their way one or more terms : Miss Ineva Gash, Calhoun, Transylvania County, N. C. Alonzo C. Reynolds, Saiidy Mush,.Buncombe County, N. C. Two Years Ending June 30, 1891i.. 37 Kufus P. Kirk, Palmerville, Stanly County, N. C. Solomon M. Cheek, Whitehead, Alleghany County, N. C. SCHOLARSHIP STUDENTS FOR TERM OF 1894-'95, APPOINTED BY DR. PAYNE. G. W. Chambers, Waynesville, Haywood County, N. C. J. A. Kirk, Palmerville, Stanly County, N. C. J. M. Noland, Palm, Haywood County, K. C. Miss Lenoir A. Cook, Warrenton, Warren County, N. C. Miss Sallie Boyce, Sardis, Mecklenburg County, N. C. Miss Mary Elizabeth Holt,Goldsboro,Wayne County, N. C. PEABODY FUNDS RECEIVED. 1893—Jan. 25. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent $ 2,000 00 June 13. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent.... 1,000 00 Aug. 6. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent 600 00 Oct. 20. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent... 1.000 00 TotaL... $ 4,600 00 Cr. 1893—Jan. 26. By check sent E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School, Greensboro, N. C.-.$ 2,000 00 By amount to Colored Normal Schools, as shown by records of (his office 900 00 By amount paid for Institute work 700 00 Oct. 21. By check to E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School - 1,000 00 Total.. $ 4,600 00 PEABODY FUNDS RECEIVED. 1894—Feb. 23. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent $ 1,250 00 Apr. 2. To check from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent.... 500 00 July 20. To chfck from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, agent 1,250 00 Total % 3,000 00 Cr. 1894—Feb. 28. By check to E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School $ 1,000 00 Apr. 6. By check to E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School - - 500 00 July 30. By check to E. J. Forney, Treasurer Normal and Industrial School. 500 00 By amount to Colored Normal Schools 1,000 00 Total % 3,000 00 38 Re;port of 8ujperintendent of Piiblic Instruction. SUMMARY OF STATISTICS. SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS FOR 1893 AND 1894. 1893. 1894. General poll tax 1248,032 61 $258,366 15 General property tax 365,728 28 383,550 06 Special poll-tax 2,748 34 2,626 54 Special property tax 1,075 58 1,000 62 Special property tax under local acts 11,487 70 11,756 69 Special poll-tax under local acts 1,883 40 1,566 51 Fines, forfeitures and penalties 21,270 39 18 48123 Liquor licenses 71,218 14 83,61398 Auctioneers ij-g 51 70 Estrays .— 13 q^ 35 ^q Othersources 28,159 27 15,030 41 '^^^t^ls ...$751,608 11 1777,079 29 SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES FQR 1893 AND 1894, 1893. 1894. Tuition for whites $409,164 28 $418,798 03 Tuition for colored fl9,048 51 196,764 45 Houses for whites 45,073 52 36,350 58 Houses for colored. ... 18,017 80 17,54132 County Superintendents 20,055 41 18,737 39 County Institutes for whites... 886 02 800 86 County Institutes for colored 402 15 538 87 Treasurer's commissions 14,735 14 15 277 70 Mileage and per diem of Boards of Education. 5,534 18 4,882 38 Fuel for Board of Education, stationery and postage 1,61147 1,958 75 Cityschools 38,217 19 29,72138 Other purposes 37,574 62 42,033 38 Total expenditures $790,320 29 ' $783,405 09 COMPARATIVE STATISTICS FROM 1884 TO 1894, INCLUSIVE. Receipts for 1884 $580,311 06 Receipts for 1885 631.904 38 Receipts for 1886 670 671 79 Receipts for 1887 647 407 81 Receipts for 1888 670 944 73 Receipts for 1889 (8 months) 612,151 31 Receipts for 1890 721 ,756 38 Receipts for 1891 714 966 27 Receipts for 1892 775,449 63 Receipts for 1893 751,608 11 Receipts for 1894 777 079 29 Two Years Ending June 30, 1891f.. 39 CENSUS FROM 6 TO 21 YEARS OF AGE. White. Colored. Total. For 1884 321,561 193,843 515,404 For 1885 330,890 199,237 530,127 For 1886 338,059 209,249 547,308 For 1887 353,481 212,789 566,270 For 1888 363,982 216,837 580,819 For 1889—Not taken. „ 1QQA ( Male ...190.423 \ o„^ ... Male .108,707 [ ^.n ^^, ^n^. ^.o For 1890 j Female. 179,721 \ ^^^'^^^ Female .107,817 \ ^^^'^"^ ^^^'^^^ „ ,CQ, I Male ...196,156) ooA 710 Male ...107,376 ) 9,0 For Qr^q r^qi ^77 1891 j Female. 184,562 \ ^^^'^^^ Female. 106,483 \ ^^^'^^^ ^^*'^^' „ ,QQo ( Male ...198,228 ) ^oa ^.^a Male ...106,021 \ ,,.. ^q^ ^q^, ^.n For 1892 | Female. 188,332 [ ^^^'^^^ Female. 105,675 } '^^^'^^^ ^^^'^^^ For 1893 399,753 218,788 618,541 For 1894 389,709 212,191 601,900 ENROLLMENT. White. Colored. Total. For 1884 170,925 113.391 284,316 For 1885 185,225 112,941 298,166 For 1886 ...188,036 117,562 305,598 For 1887 202,134 123,145 325,279 For 1888 211,498 125,884 337,372 For 1889 "<- 189^ 1 SaieilJtiS [ =i».^>» Saie::!;^^' [ "««' ^^-^^ For 1893 232,560 124,398 356,958 For 1894 235,486 123,899 359,385 AVERAGE ATTENDANCE. White. Colored. Total. For 1884 106,316 66,679 172,995 For 1885 115,092 70,486 185,578 For 1886 117,121 68,585 185,706 For 1887 124,653 71,466 196.119 Forl888 133,427 75,230 208,657 For 1889 For 1890 134,108 68,992 203,100 For 1891 120,747 71,016 201,863 Forl892 133,001 66,746 198,747 For 1893 142,362 74,417 216,779 Forl894 149,046 71,246 220,292 40 Re;port of Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction. Average Length of School Terms. For 1884 11.50 weeks for whites and 11.75 for colored. For 1885 12 For 1886 11.75 For 1887 12 For 1888 12.80 For 1889 For 1890 11.85 For 1891 12.14 For 1892 12.66 For 1893. 12.81 For 1894 12.85 Average Salary of Teachers. For 1886 white males, $26 23 " " 2510 " " 2568 " " 2580 ....- " " 2503 " " 2620 " " 2646 " " 2553 For 1886 colored males, 24 69 For 1887. For 1888. For 1890. For 1891 . For 1892. For 1893. For 1894. For 1887. For 1888. For 1890 For 1891 For 1892. For 1893. For 1894 24 10 22 67 22 72 22 32 23 33 23 33 23 08 11.75 Two Years Ending June 30, 189Jf,. 41 1892—For whites $ 636,525 00 1892—For colored 255.839 00 Total in 1892 $ 892,364 00 1893—For whites $ 785,637 34 1893—For colored 269.147 60 Total in 1893 $1,054,784 94 1894—For whites - $ 817,148 08 1894—For colored 301.149 80 Total in 1894 $1,118,297 88 NUMBER OF PUBLIC SCHOOLHOUSES. 1888—For whites - 3,779 1888—For colored 1,766 Total in 1888 - 5,543 1890—For whites - 3,973 1890-For colored 1,820 Totalin 1890 5,793 1891— For whites ... 4,034 1891—For colored 1,779 Total in 1891 - 5,813 1892—For whites ..4,168 1892—For colored 1,992 Totalin 1892 6,160 1893-For whites 4,271 1893—For colored (five counties not reporting). 1,942 Total in 1893 6,213 1894—For whites 4,356 1894—For colored (three coilhties not reporting) .2,010 Totalin 1894 6,366 NUMBER OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS TAUGHT, 1888—For whites 4,438 1888—For colored 2,317 Totalin 1888 .6,755 1890—For whites 4,508 1890—For colored 2,327 Totalin 1890 6 835 4 42 Report of Superintendent of PuhliG Instruction. 1891—For whites 4,574 1891—For colored 2,260 Total in 1891 6,834 1892—For whites 4,603 1892—For colored 2,376 Totalin 1892 6,979 1893—For whites 4,599 1893—For colored 2,219 Total in 1893 6,818 1894—For whites 4,811 1894—For colored 2,296 Totalin 1894 7,107 NUMBER OF DISTRICTS. 1888—For whites 4,763 1888—For colored 2,031 Totalin 1888 6,794 1890—For whites 4,893 1890—For colored 2,289 Totalin 1890 ..7,182 1891—For whites 4,926 1891—For colored 2,302 Totalin 1891 7,228 1892—For whites 5,168 1892—For colored 2,387 Totalin 1892 7,555 1893—For whites (four counties not reporting) 4,937 1893—For colored " " " 2,296 Totalin 1898 7,233 1894—For whites (three counties not reporting) 5,123 1894—For colored " " " 2,424 Totalin 1894 7,547 STATISTICS OF NORMAL SCHOOLS FOR 1893-94 FOR COLORED RACE. Attendance at Franklinton 215 Attendance at Salisbury 236 Attendance at Goldsboro 277 Attendance at Plymouth 301 Attendance at Elizabeth City 299 Attendance at Fayetteville 236 Total 1,564 Two Years Ending Jmie 30, 189If.. 43 INSTITUTE WORK. The $4,000 per annum appropriated by Chapter 200, Laws of 1889, was, by Chapter 139, Laws of 1891, applied to the support of the Normal and Industrial School for White Women, located at Greensboro, N. C Since the opening of said school in October, 1892, no State fund has been available for Institute work in the counties. During the summer of 1893 I expended $700 for Institute work in Johnston, Pitt, Greene, Wilson, Onslow, Jones, Robeson and Richmond—Institutes for both races, con-ducted by Mr. M. C. S. Noble, of Wilmington, and by Mr. Alex. Graham, of Charlotte ; Lincoln, for white teachers, by Frank H. Curtiss, of Shelby ; and Cabarrus, for both races, and in Guilford County $50 of the above amount was expended for a four weeks' Normal Institute for Colored Teachers, conducted under the supervision of Mr. B. F. Blair. A report of this work is submitted, except the work of the Institute in Cabarrus County, for which I have not received a forrrtal report. The Institute reported, infor-mally, through Jas. P. Cook, County Superintendent, who had it in charge, that much good was accomplished for both white and colored teachers. The funds for this work were furnished by Dr. J. L. M. Curry, Agent of Peabody Fund. Dr. Curry, to whom I applied for aid for Institute work in 1894, refused the aid on the ground that the Board of Trustees of the Peabody Fund had uniformly acted on the principle of granting appropriations only where the State granted appropriations for such work. North Carolina having discontinued her aid for this work, the Trustees must be consistent and withhold their aid. 44 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. REPORTS OF INSTITUTE CONDUCTORS. Wilmington, N. C, September 4, 1893. Hon. John C. Scarborough, Sxiipt. Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C. Dear Sir—We hereby submit our report of the Teachers' Institutes held by us under your direction during the months of July and August of this year. In those counties where Institutes were held for both races, the exercises were conducted in separate buildings. ENROLLMENT. WHITE RACE. COLORED RACE. County. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Johnston 58 37 85 Pitt ...17 55 73 33 30 43 Greene 3 18 30 11 13 33 Wilson 37 8 35 16 15 31 Onslow-Jones... 36 39 75 18 7 35 Robeson 33 33 56 26 17 43 Richmond 8 16 24 10 14 34 Total number white teachers 367 Total colored teachers. .188 Total number of both races 555 The Institute in Johnston, for whites only, was conducted by Mr. Noble, w^ho, on the afternoon of July 6, delivered an address to the colored citizens and teachers of that county. The Robeson Institute was conducted by Mr. Graham and Mr. Mclver, President of the State Normal and Industrial School for Girls. County Superintendent Mc- Alister did all in his power to make the Institutes successful. He not only wrote to every teacher urging him to be present, but he requested every minister in the county to give notice of the Institutes and the addresses on Friday. More than one thousand of each race assembled on Friday to hear the addresses delivered by yourself and Mr. Graham, Mr. Mclver having been called home on Wednesday by sickness in his family. We estimate that the total number addressed by us in our Friday meetings was four thousand. In counties where an Institute was conducted for both races, we divided the time equally between them—one of us working with the white teachers, while the other worked with the colored teachers. We believe that you were most fortunate in being able to provide Institutes for the colored people this year. The eagerness with which Two Years Ending June 30, 1894. 45 they listened to us was strong proof of the wisdom of providing for them. This same eagerness for instruction stimulated us to do our very best for those who are to teach the colored youth in the counties visited by us. We are glad to report that although we labored in much of the territory known as the black district of our State, yet the white people are, as a rule, kindly disposed to Negro education. The time for holding an Institute—one week—being so short, our object was to teach methods rather than subjects. The public school teacher has many pupils to teach during a short school term. It is to his interest, then, to learn how to do the most teaching in the least time. We therefore tried to so shape our work as to give him the benefit of those methods that we had, in our own schoolroom experience, found to be of value in teaching the public school branches systematically, accurately, and rapidly. In all the counties above reported, we found a growing interest in popular education. It is true that some of our citizens do not take the aggressive interest that they should, but the great majority of our peo-ple is on the side of the children. Many of our most talented young men and women are to be found teaching in the public schools, and a scholarship in our colleges and Normal schools is eagerly sought after by those who wish to devote themselves to teaching as a life work. Onelow and Jones united and held a joint Institute at Richlands in the former county. In Richlands we found more practical enthusiasm for education than we had met with before. The citizens furnished free board not only to teachers but to visitors. This is an example that other counties would do well to follow. Much of the success of the Onslow- Jones Institute is due to the untiring efforts of Superintendent E. M. Koonce, who personally interested the citizens and thus secured free entertainment for the teachers and visitors. One great object of the Institute is to reach the people, and we believe that there are prosperous neighborhoods in many counties that would offer free entertainment for the sake of having the teachers with them. In this way many citizens could be reached and interested that have heretofore not attended any of the exercises of the Institutes. We are glad to report that we had good audiences to hear us on Fri-days when we addressed the people on the subject of public schools. We desire to thank you for being with us during these Friday exercises in Johnston, Wilson, Onslow, Robeson and Richmond, and addressing the people for us. Your personal interest, as manifested by your pres-ence and earnest speeches, aided us a great deal in our work and greatly pleased the people. At every Institute, both white and colored, resolu-tions were passed thanking you for your active interest in education, and Hon. J. L. M. Curry, General Agent of the Peabody Fund, for his thoughtful care of the teachers—providing funds for the work. 46 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. We thank you for the confidence that your appointment of us for this work showed, and the oounty superintendents and citizens for the kindly manner in which we were received. We are Your obedient servants, ALEXANDER GRAHAM. M. C. S. NOBLE. Shelby, N. C, September 5, 1893. Hon. Jno. C. Scarborough, Stale Supt. Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C. Dear Sir—On August 28th, 1893, 1 went to Lincolnton to hold a State Institute for Lincoln County. Owing to the terrible storm which was then sweeping the south Atlantic coast, it was impossible to hold a ses-sion of the Institute on that day ; but I was present, and had everything in readiness for work the next day. I was compelled to conduct the Institute alone, but received valuable assistance from the teachers, and from the acting County Superinten-dent, Rev. R. Z. Johnston, who labored with most commendable zeal to make the Institute a success. There was a large attendance of teachers during the entire week, and the interest seemed to increase rather than to abate as the meeting pro-gressed. The State Superintendent came on Wednesday and made an address to the teachers and citizens present. Fifty-nine teachers were in attendance. This was most gratifying, as there are but fifty-six pos-sible school districts in the county. The attendance of visitors was most satisfactory, and speaks well for the educational interest mani-fested by the citizens of Lincolnton. Owing to there being no session on Monday, it was thought best to continue over Saturday. On Saturday evening addresses were made by the County Superintendent, the Institute Conductor and othefs, the courthouse being well filled on that occasion. On Monday, September 4th, an examination for State certificates was held, and fifteen applicants presented themselves. Of this number ten were successful, and secured high first-grade State certificates. I shall ever remember with a great deal of pleasure my Institute work at Lincolnton, and I am grateful to you for the appointment ; to Rev. R. Z. Johnston for his hearty co-operation and earnest and successful endeavors to make the Institute a success ; to the teachers for their hearty sympathy and assistance, and to the good people who contributed so much by their presence to make the Institute one of the most inter-esting and profitable which it has ever been my good fortune to con-duct. Respectfully yours, FRANK H. CURTISS. Two Years Eliding June 30, 189Jf. 47 REPORT OF GREENSBORO NORMAL INSTITUTE FOR COLORED TEACHERS. To the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Greensboro State Normal for Colored Teachers opened in the Colored Graded School Building No. 2, in South Greensboro, on the 3d of July, 1893, with a fairly good attendance, which gradually increased until it reached something over one hundred before the close of the session. Fifteen counties of our State were represented, but the difficulty of getting money to pay board and traveling expenses prevented a number of teachers in the more remote counties from attending, who would otherwise have done so. Those who did attend manifested much inter-est and seemed to be sincere and earnest in trying to gain information and become more thorough and efficient as teachers. The work of the Normal consisted of imparting the best and most effective methods of teaching, and also real class- work in the various branches, including sounds of letters, spelling, reading, geography, grammar, arithmetic, physical geography, physiology, history and political economy. This we do, because many of the colored teachers are not as thorough in the common school branches as they should be. We had a strong and efficient teaching force, made up of two white and two colored instructors, all college graduates, having the degree of A. M., except one of the white teachers, who, nevertheless, is a most excellent and efficient Normal instructor, The deportment of those in attendance was uniformly good, and a sincere appreciation of the work done was manifest. Respectfully submitted, B. F. BLAIR, August 12th, 1893. Superintendent, INSTITUTE WORK BY FACULTY OF THE NORMAL AND INDUS-TRIAL SCHOOL. Under the provisions of Section 6, Chapter 139, Laws of 1891, I, as chairman of the Board of Directors of the Nor-mal and Industrial School, arranged for holding Teachers' Institutes by the male members of the Facnltj of said school, as follows : In 1893, the president, C. D. Mclver, held Institutes in 48 Report of Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction. Cherokee, Swain, Macon and Haywood counties and aided in the Institute held by Mr. Alex. Graham in Robeson County, These Institutes were well attended by teachers and citi-zens who came in large numbers to hear the discussions on school management and teaching and the addresses on pub-lic education. I was with President Mclver in a part of this work and testify to his zeal and wisdom in it. In 1894 he was appointed to hold Institutes in ]^ash, Sampson, Rockingham, Rowan and Guilford counties. He held the Nash and Sampson Institutes, but was compelled to recall the other appointments on account of sickness. I publish the reports of Professors Claxton and Joyner, as follows: Hon. John C. Scarborough, Raleigh, N. C. Sir—I send you the following brief statistics of my Institute work. In the summer of 1893 I held four Institutes, as follows: Rowan County, teachers present 125 Catawba County, teachers present 117 Caldwell County, teachers present 40 Watauga County, teachers present 23 While in Watauga it rained very hard every day and it was impos-sible for many of the teachers to attend. I was alone at all these places. By the choice of the teachers, as well as in accordance with my own judgment, I held one session a day, from 9 A. M. to 1:30 p. M. Before going to Salisbury I held an Institute in Iredell for the County Board of Education. There was an attendance here of 95 teachers. In 1894 I spent the month of July in the summer school at Chapel Hill. I then held seven Institutes, as follows: July 30-August 3—Davidson: Teachers, 117; males, 87; females, 30. Average daily attendance of visitors, 50; attendance at Friday's speak-ing, 200. Certificates, 4; males, 3; females, 1. August 6-10—Stanly: Teachers, 90; males, 63; females, 27. Daily attendance of visitors, 80; Friday's speaking, 300. Certificates 4; males, 4; females, 0. (Ten of the teachers enrolled were Negroes. They attended regularly and appeared to be interested.) August 13-17—Mecklenburg: Teachers, 56; males, 32; females, 34. Daily visitors, 15; no speaking on Friday. Certificates given, 1; males, 1; females, 0. Two Years Ending June 30, 1891^. 49 August 20-24—Gaston: Teachers, 65; males, 38; females, 27. Daily visitors, 85; Friday's speaking, 175. Certificates given, 1; males, 1; females, 0. August 27-31—Iredell: Teachers, 111; males, 61; females, 50. Daily visitors, 200; Friday's speaking, 300. Certificates given, 1; males, 0; females, 1. September 3-7—Burke: Teachers, 40; males, 24; females, 16. Daily visitors, 10; Friday's speaking, 200. Certificates given, 0. September 10-14—Rutherford: Teachers, 50; males, 32; females, 18. Dailv visitors, 150; Friday's speaking, 250. Certificates given, 2; males, 2; females, 0. In Stanly and Mecklenburg I was assisted by Superintendent Alex. Graham, of Charlotte, whose ability as a teacher and as an Institute Conductor is well known, both to yourself and to all who have been so fortunate as to hear him. You were present yourself in Stanly and added greatly to the value of the Institute by a number of talks on edu-cational questions. At all of these places two sessions were held each day—one from 9:15 A. M. to 12:15 P. M., and one from 2 to 4:30 P. M. The afternoon session was always held on Friday and was usually well attended. Unfortu-nately the Monday morning sessions were, as a rule, poorly attended. Superintendents and teachers seem not to understand that the Institutes require the same prompt and regular attendance demanded by any other business. Yours very truly, P. P. CLAXTON. Hon. John C. Scarborugh, Raleigh, N. C. Dear Sir—During the summer of 1894, in accordance with the appoint-ments made for me by you, I conducted Teachers' Institutes in the counties of Duplin, Wayne, Lenoir, Carteret, Chatham and Randolph. About four hundred teachers attended these Institutes. In most of the counties visited by me the interest manifested in the work of the Institute by the teachers and the public was gratifying and encourag-ing. Teachers and superintendents were faithful and earnest in the discharge of their duties. It was my constant purpose to make my work with the teachers as suggestive, stimulative and practical as pos-sible. Respectfully. J. Y. JOYNER. 60 Re2)ort of Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction. NOKMAL DEPAKTMENT OF THE CULLOWHEE HIGH SCHOOL. The Legislature of 1893 provided for the establishment of a Normal Department in the Cullowhee High School, located in Jackson County, by the enactment of the follow-ing statute—chapter 120 (Private Laws of 1893): An Act to Amend Chapter 170, Private Laws 1891, Amending Charter o^ the Cullowhee High School. The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact : Section 1. That section one, chapter one hundred and seventy, Private Laws of 1891, be amended by adding at the end of said section the fol-lowing: " And there shall be established in connection with said High School a Normal Department to fit and train young men and women for the position of teachers in the public schools of the State, and the sum of fifteen hundred dollars is annually appropriated for this purpose. Said Normal Department shall be under the supervision of the Superin-tendent of Public Instruction of the State, and said Superintendent shall have power to prescribe rules for the regulation and management of the same. Said Superintendent shall also have power, upon being satisfied that said Normal Department is inefficient or unnecessary, to discontinue the same, and the appropriation herein provided for shall thereupon cease. The Principal of said High School upon the completion of the prescribed course in the Normal Department shall grant certificates which shall entitle the holders to teach in any of the schools of the State, subject to the general school laws of the State as to character, which certificates shall be good for three years, subject to examinations upon branches that may be subsequently added to the public school course: Provided, that all young men and young women who are preparing themselves for teachers shall pay no charges for tuition. Sec 2. That this act shall be in force from and after its ratification. In the General Assembly read three times, and ratified this the 27th day of February, A. D. 1893. The Normal Department provided for in the statute quoted was organized in August, 1893, and, in connection with said High School, was opened for work for the fall term of the session of 1893-'94. Two Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 51 The following gentlemen were selected by me to act as a Local Board of Managers for said department: D. D. Davies, Chairman ; Wm. Wilson, W. A. Henson, R. L. Wat-son, J. D. Coward, T. A. Cox, L. J. Smith, R. H. Brown, W. C. Norton, Walter E. Moore, C. C. Cowan and M. Buchanan. These gentlemen elected Mr. M. Buchanan as Secretary and Treasurer, to hold and disburse the funds appropriated by the act of Assembly. They also elected Mr. E. P. Mangum, a graduate of the University of North Carolina, as teacher in charge of the Normal Department, in connection with Mr. R. L. Madison, in charge of the High School, who did the preparatory and academic work, teaching United States history, physical geography, higher lessons in English, higher arithmetic, algebra, physiology and Latin, aided by Mr. Mangum—Mr. Mangum doing specially the professional work in school organization, management and discipline, the laws of teach-ing, with history and science of education. The enrollment for the session of 1893-94, in the profes-sional classes, was twenty-seven. At the close of the first year's work the Principal of the Cullowhee ELigh School, acting with the teacher in charge of the Normal Department, granted first-grade certificates, under the law, to twelve students of the department, upon a written examination, in the following -studies : Spelling, Reading, Writing, English Grammar, Geogra-phy, Elementary Physiology and Hygiene, History of North Carolina, History of the United States, Elementary Algebra, Physical Geography, Elementary Physics, Lessons in Eng-lish, Theory and Practice of Teaching, Art of School Man-agement, Principles of Education, History of Education, Lectures on Science and Art of Teaching, and Psychology Applied to Teaching. 52 Rejport of Superintendent of Public Instruction. The following is the form of the certificate : STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, CULLOWHEE HIGH SCHOOL, JACKSON COUNTY. .189. TEACHERS' FIRST-GRADE CERTIFICATE. Three Years. - having completed the course of study-in the Normal Department of the Cullowhee High School, embrac-ing the following branches of learning : Spelling, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geogra-phy, Elementary Physiology and Hygiene, History of North Carolina, History of the United States, Elementary Algebra, Physical Geography, Elementary Physics, Lessons in English, Theory and Practice of Teach-ing, Art of School Management, Principles of Education, History of Education, Lectures on Science and Art of Teaching, and Psychology Applied to Education — We are satisfied that has knowledge of all these branches sufficiently thorough and accurate to enable satisfactorily to teach in the most advanced public schools of the State ; and having satisfactory evidence of good moral character, we grant this First-Grade Certificate, which entitles to teach in the public schools of any county in the State, and is valid for Three Years from its date. This Certificate is issued in accordance with Chapter 120, Private Laws of N. C, 1893. Principal of CuUoivhee High School. Teacher in Charge of Normal Department. I present below the report of Mr. Mangum to the Local Board of Managers for the first year of the Normal Depart-ment work, closing May 17th, 1894. This was turned over to me as the report of the Board, it being approved by said Board : To the Board of Directors, Normal Department, Cidloivhee High School, Cullowhee, N. C. Gentlemen—I have the honor, herewith, to submit to you my report of the work done in the " professional year" of this department during the past session. Two Years Ending June 30, 189If.. 53 In my report for the fall term of 1893, rendered to your body on Jan-uary 12th, 1894, I mentioned the difficulties under which we were laboring, and called your attention to some facts which I considered to be of paramount importance to the full success of this work. During the past term we have struggled on, hampered by the same difficulties, but I am glad to say that I believe much good has been accomplished. The spirit of deep earnestness and determination which was manifested by the pupils during the fall has, if anything, increased during this term, and the amount of work done by the pupils, under the adverse conditions of equipment, reflects great credit upon them. In behalf of those who will next year have to enter upon this " pro-fessional work," I beg you to provide for some necessary equipment in this department, which will make the work much more serviceable and instructive to the pupils, and far more satisfactory to their instructor. The course of "professional reading" has been rather limited. The books of my own private library, together with the few which the pupils have been able to purchase, have furnished the only available source for this work. A " teachers' library " is much needed to make this part of the work more beneficial. Since January 1st instruction has been given regularly upon the course in full, and those pupils who leave us this year, with their cer. tificates of graduation in their possession, go forth with a wider and more intelligent knowledge of the duties of their profession, and of the great principles upon which this profession rests. This knowledge is not entirely theoretical, but has also been gained by the practical appli-cation of those principles in actual daily teaching. I do not mean to say that these pupils are now " professional teachers," but that they are far better prepared to do the work in our public schools, and at the same time to wield an educational influence over the communities in which they may work, than the great majority of those now engaged in teaching our public schools. They are yet to prove themselves "teachers," and I sincerely trust that their labors may reflect honor upon this Normal Department here, as well as upon themselves. During the entire session there have been twenty-seven pupils enrolled in this department, fourteen have beep regularly appointed by their County Superintendents, while the others are appointees at large. Twelve have completed the full " professional course," have passed sat-isfactory examinations upon the subjects required, and have been granted State Certificates. Only six of the fifteen counties of this Congressional District have been represented, and only Haywood, Bun-combe and Jackson have had their full representation. All pupils in the " academic year " should review Arithmetic, Geog-raphy, and History of the United States and of North Carolina, as the great majority of those who come here for this work are deficient in 54 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. these branches, and have no time to review them properly unless it be required of them. I have the best interests of this work deeply at heart, and desire to see it grow and fully develop into an instrument of power and good in the educational work of Western North Carolina, and of the whole State. In closing this year's work, I desire to thank you all, and the principal, teachers and officers of this school, for all kindnesses rendered me, and I ask of all a deeper interest in this work of education, that it may steadily grow and prove of inestimable benefit to all our people. Respectfully submitted, E. P. MANGUM, May 15th, 1894. Superintendent. Approved by order of the Local Board of Managers : D, D. DaVIES, Chairman, M. Buchanan, Secretary. I sent to Mr. Buchanan, Secretary and Treasurer of the Local Board of Managers, the following sums on dates given : Septembers, 1893 |750 00 February 1, 1894 750 00 11,500 00 This sum was expended by him, on the orders of Local Board of Managers, as follows : Paid E. P. Mangum, salary, fall session, 1893 $500 00 Paid E. P. Mangum, salary, spring session, 1894 500 00 Total paid Mangum $1,000 00 Paid R. L. Madison, services teaching Normal students in High School, fall session, 1893 $250 00 Paid R. L. Madison, services, etc., spring session, 1894.. 250 00 Total paid Madison 500 00 $1,500 00 At close of spring session, 1894, the connection of Mr. E. P. Mangum with the l^ormal Department ceased. Mr. B. B. Brow^n, of Buncombe County, who is a grad-uate of the Peabody Normal College of Nashville, Tenn., was elected by the Local Board of Managers, on my recom- Two Years Ending June 30^ 189Ip. 55 mendation, to take charge of the department. The session of 1894-'95 is now in progress, and a full report of the work cannot be made to the Legislature of 1895. I am in receipt of a report for the fall term of the present school year, made at my request, for the information of the members of the Legislature. This report was forwarded by Mr, D. D. Davies, chairman, and is as follows : CuLLOWHEE High School, December 21, 1894. The President and Members of the Board of Managers, Normal Department, Cullowhee High School. Gentlemen—I have the honor to submit herewith a report on the academic work of the Normal Department of the Cullowhee High School for the fall term, ending December 31, 1894. I have ventured to offer, in connection with the facts relating to the academic work, a few general observations and comments which the board may find of interest and value. During the past term thorough work has been done in the following branches: Arithmetic, political and physical geography, elementary algebra, United States history, English grammar and spelling. Next term, in addition to the branches just enumerated, instruction will be given in physiology and hygiene, elementary physics, higher English, North Carolina history, dictionary and reading. The half-year exami-nations were conducted during the last week of the fall term. In both the academic and professional work thoroughness has been emphasized and insisted upon, and, as a result, much excellent work has been done and the students have become impressed with the fact that nothing but sound and accurate scholarship will be recognized by the department in awarding certificates. One of the strongest arguments for the existence of such an institu-tion as our Normal Department lies in the deplorable lack of qualifica-tions in most of our country teachers, and in the consequent imperfect and superficial work done by the average country free school. Nearly all of the young people who come to us are the products of the free school, and nearly all of them are deficient in the rudiments of the com-mon school branches. Poor teaching, short terms of schools, irregular attendance, are responsible. The only remedy is the establishment and proper maintenance of Normal Schools; for through the cultured and enthusiastic teacher must ultimately come our needed educational reforms. Put a well qualified, diligent teacher in the poorest district of the State and, besides doing thorough work in his classes, he will accom-plish very much by increasing the average attendance, by influencing 56 Report of Svperintendent of Puhlie Instruction. the people to supplement the school term, by arousing parental interest and childish ambition, by improving manners and morals of the young, by educating public sentiment in favor of better provisions for educa-tion, by inspiring respect for the office of the teacher, and by engender-ing community and State pride. I think that I am safe in saying that the experimental period has now passed, and we are entering upon that era of prosperity and usefulness which the department was designed to enjoy and accomplish. There are many considerations which justify this opinion, and I beg leave to bring a few to your notice. The department has enrolled the present term, to date, twenty-eight students. The area of patronage has been enlarged, Cherokee and Gra-ham being represented for the first time through appointment of their respective county superintendents. Letters of inquiry from county superintendents and others in Madison, Henderson and Clay lead us to expect representation from those counties after Christmas. It will be noticed that the present enrollment is three greater than the total enroll-ment of last session. All of the students who did not graduate from the department last May have re enrolled except one from Macon Countj, who is compelled to defer his return until next year. Of the twelve students who were given three-year certificates last May, all entered upon teaching last August except one. From all of those who have taught or are still teaching come the most gratifying reports. Some report that they have increased the average attendance to a point never before known in their districts, some have induced the people to supplement the public term with several months of subscrip-tion school, some have pleased their patrons so well that they have been already offered the same schools for next fall, and all are enthusiastic and have achieved success beyond expectation. It may be pertinent to add in conclusion somewhat regarding the pro-visions made by the Cullowhee High School for the Normal Department. A commodious one-room structure has been set apart for the use of this department. The building is neat and attractive in appearance, nicely painted, and having a bay-window at each end. Besides the light thus afforded there are four other large windows. The room is double-floored and the walls are neatly plastered. It is, perhaps, the best heated, lighted and furnished schoolroom west of Asheville, About seventy-five dollars' worth of handsome patent desks have recently been purchased and set up. The High School allows any Normal student to take any study not in the Normal course free of charge, and provides students from the pri-mary department for practice classes. With the approval of the State Superintendent thirty-eight volumes have been purchased as the nucleus of a " teachers' library," and to this about as many more have been added by private gift. Additional nee- Tivo Tears Ending June 30, 189Jf. . 57 essary apparatus will be purchased at the beginning of the next term, which will constitute altogether a very complete equipment. I take the liberty to bear testimony to the ability, zeal, and fruitful labors of Mr. B. B. Brown, principal Normal Department. He is unquestionably the right man in the right place. He is popular with his students and possesses that rare faculty of " getting the most out of them." While the most important part of his professional work (psychology and its application to teaching, lectures, " practice teaching," etc.) does not come until the spring term, he has, neverthe-less, done excellent work in theory and practice of teaching and in directing the reading of his pupils in " professional " literature. Besides this, I take pleasure in acknowledging Professor Brown's readiness to perform any and every duty which might in any way contribute to the good of the department, the reputation and prosperity of the school, and the improvement of the students. Believing that the facts which I have presented are all encouraging indications of better things, a number of which will be accomplished this session, and feeling that the past achievements and the present pros-pects entitle the department to take honorable rank among the perma-nent educational institutions of our State, I have the honor to be, With great respect. Your obedient servant, ROBT. L. MADISON, Principal of the Culloivhee High School. Painter, N. C, December 25, 1894, To the Board of Managers, Normal Department, Cullowhee High School. Gentlemen—As the half-year of session of 1894-'95 has expired, I desire to make the following report: The enrollment of the Normal Department up to date is twenty-eight, representing the following counties: Haywood, Jackson, Transylvania, Macon, Swain, Graham and Cherokee. The indications are that this enrollment will be greatly increased with the beginning of the next term. A canvassing trip has been made by the teacher in charge over a part of the district in the interest of the school. The results of this trip are not yet fully known, but it bids fair to be of great benefit. The academic work of the department has been divided between the teacher in charge and the principal of the Cullowhee High School. The class has completed the professional work; Page's Theory and Practice, and a short course of professional reading. A good start toward a professional library has been made by appro-priation of the board. This has been increased by donations until it has become a respectable collection. The Normal Department has at all 5 58 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. times been generously dealt with by the High School in the matter of furnishings and building. As teacher in charge, I must mention the individual favor shown the Normal by the principal of the CuUowhee High School, both in word and act. Respectfully submitted, B. B. BROWN, Teacher in charge of Normal Department. The State Superintendent, upon whom the duty of organ-izing this Normal School was placed by the Legislature of 1893, though he knew nothing of the passage of the act authorizing it until some weeks after the Legislature ad-journed, feels impelled to say that the section of the State in which it is located needs the work of such an institution very much for the proper preparation and equipment of teachers for the public schools. The small sum appropriated has thus far done much good and is destined to accomplish a great work, and one of lasting benefit to the people of that section of the State, if it shall be continued. Two Years Ending June 30, 189If.. . 59 NORMAL SCHOOLS FOR THE COLORED RACE. APPROPRIATION $8,000 PER ANNUM. NAMES OF LOCAL BOARDS OF DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPALS. Salisbury.—Theo. F. Kluttz, D. L. Gaskill, George W. Wright, John Ramsey; Rev. J. Rumple, Treasurer; F. M. Mariin, Principal. Fayetteville.—N. W. Ray, H. R. Home; Dr. H. W. Lilly, Treasurer; G. H. Williams, Principal. Goldsboro.—D. J. Broadhurst, C. B. Aycock, W. C. Munroe; M. L. Lee, H. L. Grant, Treasurer; R. S. Rives, Principal. Plymouth.—E. R. Latham, Joseph Tucker, W. L. Davenport; J. F. Norman, Treasurer; H. C. Crosby, Principal. Elizabeth City.—W. J. Griffin. S. L. Sheep, E. F. Lamb, J. W. Albertson. Jr.; F. F. Cohoon, Treasurer; P. W. Moore, Principal. Franklinton.—N. Y. GuUey, J. A. Thomas, H. C. Kearney, John H. Williamson; B. W. Ballard, Treasurer: J. A. Savage, Principal. REPORTS SALISBURY COLORED NORMAL SCHOOL 1892-'93 AND 1893-94. Salisbury, N. C, August 28, 1893. Hon. John C. Scarborough, Superintendent of Public Instruction. Dear Sir—In compliance with my position, I submit the twelfth annual report of the State Normal School of Salisbury, N. C. The ses-sion began September 5, 1892, and closed April 21, 1893. One hundred and eighteen students were enrolled, representing fourteen counties. The final examinations showed much progress. The moral tone and conduct of the students were commendable. The Lyceum connected with the Normal is a great auxiliary to the students. In it they can develop their powers, and put into practice the knowledge acquired from books. It is a source of usefulness and interest to students and citizens of the town and community. Many distinguished visitors addressed the school and Lyceum on subjects of interest during the session. The closing exercises were said to be the best in the history of the school. The graduating class of 1893 consisted of five members, three young men and two young women. Respectfully submitted, F. M. MARTIN, Principal. 60 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. Salisbury, N. C. , September 14, 1894. Hon. John C. Scarborough, Superintendent Public Instruction. Dear Sir—I submit the report of school for 1893 and '94. The ses-sion began September 4th, 1893, and closed April 20th, 1894. During the session we enrolled one hundred and eighteen (118) students, 49 males and 69 females—representing eleven counties in the State, with two representatives from South Carolina and one from Tennessee. Owing to the financial stringency, the number was numerically smaller than last year, but results better. The work of the session, as a whole, was very good. The standard of scholarship was raised, which required diligent study for promotion ; said requirement gave life and vigor to the school, and the results were gratifying. Six graduated from the class of 1894—four males and two females. By the energy and push of pupils and teachers, sixty volumes have been added to the library ; one anatomical chart to the apparatus for the facilitation of the work. Efforts are being made to secure a place for permanent location of the school. During the session the students were addressed by several distinguished gentlemen, as Revs. P. S. Lewis, W. H. Sheppard of the Congo Mission in Africa, B. F. Murray, R. P. Rumley, John C. Murray. W. H. Bryant, and Profs. A. B. Vin-cent, S. B. Pride, J. D. Martin, and Mr. L. P. Berry. Respectfully submitted, F. M. MARTIN. report of the treasurer. J. Rumple, Treasurer, in account with State Colored Normal School, Salisbury, N. C. 1892. Dr. May 31. To balance from last term $ 124 78 Oct. 3. To amount of Auditor's warrant 700 00 Dec. 28. To amount of Auditor's warrant 700 00 1893. July 6. To amount of Peabody fund 175 00 $1,699 78 Cr. By disbursements as per vouchers filed with State Superintendent Public Instruction. |1,623 45 To balance. 76 33 $1,699 78 Txoo Years Ending June 30, 189J^. 61 1893. Dr. Sept. 13. To balance from last term $ 76 33 Oct. 2. To amount of Auditor's warrant 700 00 1894. Jan. 3. To amount of Auditor's warrant 700 00 Mar. 12. To amount of Peabody fund 100 00 Aug. 3. Toamountof Peabody fund 100 00 $1,676 33 Or. By disbursements as per vouchers filed with State Superintendent Public Instruction.. $1,661 00 To balance 15 33 $1,676 33 REPORTS OF FAYETTEVILLE COLORED NORMAL SCHOOL FOR 1892-'93 AND 1893-'94. REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL FOR 1892-93. FAYETTEVILLE, N. C, Sept. 1, 1893. Hon. J. C. Scarborough, State Superintendent Public Instruction. Dear Sir—In accordance with your request, I beg leave to submit to you the following report : The sixteenth annual session of the above-mentioned school began September 5, 1892, and, after continuing thirty six weeks, closed May 19, 1893. The total enrollment during the year was one hundred and thirty, of which forty-five were males, and eighty-five females. The counties represented include Bladen, Cumberland, Duplin, Har-nett, Moore, New Hanover, Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson and Wayne—in all, eleven. The daily average attendance was 110. The number of students from abroad reached forty-six and included 35 per cent, of the entire number enrolled. There were four students in the Senior class, all of whom completed the prescribed course and received diplomas recommending them as teachers. Since the establishment of the school, 760 different students from 66 counties of the State have been enrolled, and of this number 117 have completed the course of study. The general deportment of the students during the year has been good. They have been deeply interested in the execution of their work and have given their teachers very little trouble. 62 Report of ISuper'mtenderd of PuUic Instruction. The Literary and Temperance Societies connected with the institution held their meetings regularly and did much good. The closing exercises of the school took place during the last week of the session. The annual exhibition of the Preparatory Department took place Tuesday afternoon, and the closing exercises of the Normal De-partment Thursday afternoon. These exercises were well attended by the citizens, and many words of approval and commendation were given to the Faculty. For course of study covering six years see Catalogue. The text-books in use are those recommended by the State Board of Education. The Faculty have labored with much earnestness to discharge fully the several duties devolving upon them, and tbey feel reasonably satisfied with the results obtained. The institution stands greatly in need of a supplement to the funds appropriated for this work, and without this increase the operations of the school will be materially impaired. In conclusion, I desire to return my sincere thanks to the Local Board of Managers for the interest they have taken in the work and the assis-tance they have rendered me in carrying it on successfully. All of which is respectfully submitted. G. B. WILLIAMS, Principal. • REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL FOR 1893-'94. Hon. J. C. Scarborough, Superintendent Public Instruction. SlR«—The seventeenth annual session of this institution began Sep-tember 4th, 1893, and closed May 18th, 1894, being a session of nine months. Notwithstanding the stringency of the times, which made an unfavor-able year for educational work, our Normal School has been remarkably prosperous, representing, as it does, ten different counties, with more than 31 per cent, of its students coming from communities outside of Fayetteville. The school is divided into two departments, namely. Preparatory and Normal, there being 40 students in the former and 66 in the latter. For information in regard to the courses of 'study for these depart-ments, see Catalogue. The whole number of students enrolled during the session was—males, 35 ; females, 71 ; total, 106, The daily average attendance was 90. The counties represented include Bladen, Cumberland, Duplin, Harnett, Mecklenburg, Moore, New Hanover, Robeson, Sampson and Wake. The Senior class consisted of five students, who, having satisfactorily completed the course of study prescribed, were granted diplomas of Two Years Ending June 30, 189Jf.. 63 graduation. Four of these presented themselves for public examina-tion, and received first-grade teachers' certificates. Since the establishment of the school 791 different pupils, from 67 different counties, have been admitted. Of these, 123 have completed the prescribed course. Earnestness on the part of the teachers to impart instruction, and eagerness on the pfirt of the students to receive it, have done much toward making our work here a success. The Literary and Temperance Societies held regular sessions during the year, and much improvement was seen as a result of this training. In addition to this, many lectures on a variety of subjects were deliv-ered by the Principal, and by distinguished educators and friends of education, greatly to the benefit of the students in attendance. The school enjoys the favor of the people of this section of the State, and it is doing a great work for the elevation of the colored race. The closing exercises took place in the school building. The annual exhibition took place Tuesday afternoon. May 15th, at 4 o'clock; Liter-ary exercises, Wednesday evening at 8:30 o'clock ; and Commencement exercises, Thursday afternoon at 4 o'clock. All of these exercises were largely attended, and many congratulations were extended to the Faculty by visiting citizens. The outlook for this institution of learning is encouraging, and the teachers feel cheered with the results of their labors during the past year. Before closing this report, I desire to make grateful acknowledgment to the Local Board of Managers, Capt. N. W. Ray, Mr. H. R. Home and Dr. H. W. Lilly, whose support has materially aided me in carrying forward this work. All of which is respectfully submitted, G. H. WILLIAMS, Fayetteville, N. C, June 1st, 1894. Principal. REPORT OF TREASURER. Fayetteville. N. C, September 5, 1893. Mr. J. C. Scarborough, Superintendent Public Instruction, Raleigh. Dear Sir—I append a complete report since my incumbency as Treasurer of Colored Normal School : To amount received from former Treas-urer of Board $ 11 26 1893. Sept. 10. To amount received from State Treasurer. 750 00 1893. March 1. To amount received from State Treasurer. 750 00 11,511 26 64 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction. 1893. Sept. 10. By paid as per Voucher No. 1 $ 20 00 Sept. 10. By paid as per Voucher No. 2 19 94 Oct. 1. By paid as per Voucher No. 3 152 80 Oct. 1. By paid as per Voucher No. 4 159 80 Nov. 26. By paid as per Voucher No. 5 153 17 Dec. 23. By paid as per Voucher No. 6 150 50 1893. Jan. 28. By paid as per Voucher No. 7 166 05 March 2. By paid as per Voucher No. 8 . . - 150 50 M'ch 25. By paid as per Voucher No. 9 152 51 April 22. By paid as per Voucher No. 10 154 85 May 20. BypaidasperVoucherNo.il 173 00 Sept. 4. By paid as per Voucher No. 12 20 00 1,473 12 To balance on hand September 5, 1893. $38 14 Respectfully, H. W. LILLY, Treasurer Colored Normal School. Fayetteville, N. C, September 5, 1894. Hon. J. C. Scarborough, Superintendent, Raleigh, N. 0. Dear Sir—Following is my report as Treasurer of the Fayetteville Colored Normal School : To balance on hand as per statement of September 5th, 1893 $ 38 14 To received from State Treasurer, October 3d, 1893.. 750 00 To received from State Treasurer, January 5th-, 1894. . 750 00 To received from State Treasurer, September 5, 1894. 750 00 1893. Oct. 5. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 18 $157 26 Oct. 28. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 14 156 50 Nov. 27. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 15 157 00 Dec. 22. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 16 176 70 1894. Jan. 27. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 17 162 10 $2,288 14 Two Years Ending Jtine 30, 189]^.. 65 1894. Feb. 24. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 18 $154 25 M'ch 24. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 19 152 00 April 21. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 20 151 65 May 19. By paid G. H. Williams, Superintendent, as per Voucher No. 21 183 83 Postage and stationery... 50 1,451 79 To balance on hand September 7, 1894. $836 35 Yours truly, H. W. LILLY, Treasurer. REPORTS OF GOLDSBORO STATE NORMAL SCHOOL (COLORED) FOR 1892-93 AND 1893-94. REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL FOR 1892-93. GOLDSBORO, N. C, May 30, 1893. To the Local Board of Managers of the Ooldsboro State Normal School. Gentlemen—I have the honor to submit the following report of the sixth annual session of the Goldsboro State Normal School: The session opened September 12, 1892, and closed May 18, 1893— a term of nine months. There were 128 matriculates, of whom 44 were males, and 84 females, representing the counties of Wayne, Lenoir, Edgecombe, Nash, Halifax, Craven, Sampson, Duplin, New Hanover, Johnston, Wake and Guilford. The session, though long, was well attended until a few weeks before the close, when the students, from force of circumstances, were obliged to go to the truck farms; but, upon the whole, the school has been largely attended during the session. We have striven to hold up the standard of scholarship in all the grades of the school. We had only one graduate, COURSE OF STUDY. The prescribed course of study (see Catalogue) has been adopted with an eye single to the present demands of our public schools and embraces only such branches as are required to be taught in them. The course will be raised when the Principal and Board of Managers deem it nec-essary. 66 Beport of Sujjerintenden t of Public Instruction. DEPORTMENT. The deportment of the school has been exceptionally good. We have tried to teach their minds and hearts the fact that " Order is heaven's first law." We have also taught the scholars not to be unmindful of that injunction—"To do unto others as we'd haye them do unto us." PUBLIC SENTIMENT. It is encouraging to note the interest that has been manifested on the part of the citizens of Goldsboro and the adjoining counties. The people have shown themselves to be interested in the work of the school. The colored people have seen clearly the great need of such a school, and recognize the progress that is being made by those for whom the school has been established. INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT. This department was organized three years ago through the efforts of benevolent friends. Knowing, as we did, the great need of colored young men versed in the various trades, as well as the professions of life, it has been our chief object to train the students in the various handicrafts, so that a greater variety of employments may be opened to them, afford-ing a means of livelihood and enhancing their value as citizens. The girls receive instruction in cutting, fitting, and needlework. It has been the purpose of the teachers to give the young men a practical knowledge of tools and instruct them in making such articles as would be of immediate benefit to the school. In front of the school building will be seen a stand (about twelve by fourteen feet) which was built by the young men to be used at the Columbian Celebration. An examina-tion of this structure will show that the students possess a practical knowledge of the spirit-level, as well as the hammer and saw, the chisel and the adze. The youug men have been taught to make settees and washboards, the former being used in the school, the latter being sold nearly as fast as we could make them. Another feature to this department has been added, viz., a taming lathe, which will enable the students to do fancy work. Our motto has been to teach the mind to think, the heart to love, and the hand to work. To my assistant instructors (Miss L. S. Dorr, Mrs. A. L. Dillard and Mrs. J. B. Hagans), who have labored so zealously in building up a moral and religious as well as a literary sentiment among those entrusted to their care, I am truly grateful. And to you, gentlemen of the Board of Managers, I return thanks for the kindly manner in which you have aided me in conducting the work, and the spirit you have exhibited in the mental development of the colored people. Very respectfully, H. E. HAGANS, Principal. Two Fears Ending June 30, 189^, 67 REPORT FOR 1893-94. GoLDSBORO, N. C, June 28, 1894. To the Local Board and State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Gentlemen—I have the honor to submit a report of the State Normal School for colored people, located at this place. We opened September 11, 1893, and closed June 15, 1894, a term of ten months, including one month of Teachers' Institute. The entire number of students enrolled: females, 110; males, 39—total, 149. GRADUATES. The absolute necessity for thoroughness in all the branches taught, and owing to the fact that none were as well prepared as they should be, we could not graduate anyone at the close of this term. So far as we are able to judge, all concerned agree that we are correct in demand-ing thoroughness of scholarship and adequate preparation before grad-uation. COURSE OF STUDY. We have followed the prescribed course indicated in the Catalogue. However, we are of the opinion that the standard could be raised to advantage. We believe the standard of scholarship for the Colored Normal should be as high as that of the white graded school, at least. DEPORTMENT. The order of the school has been uniformly good. We believe that moral character and chaste deportment should be rigidly taught in col-ored as well as in the white schools. PUBLIC SENTIMENT. There is a growing interest in this school among the citizens of Golds-boro and this section. This is indicated by the number of visitors and inquiries made during the term. At the close of the school we were hardly able to accommodate the crowds coming in from the neighboring villages, together with the great nu |