Natural Heritage Program
List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina
2016
Compiled by
Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist
John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
Raleigh, NC 27699-1651
www.ncnhp.org
Ashe
Alleghany
Camden
Surry Northampton
Stokes Rockingham Vance Warren
Granville
Caswell Person
Halifax
Wilkes
Hertford
Watauga
Perquimans
Pasquotank
Chowan
Gates
Avery
Yadkin
Forsyth
Guilford Franklin
Alamance
Orange
Durham Nash
Mitchell
Currituck
Madison Yancey Caldwell Edgecombe
Martin
Iredell Wake
Alexander Davie
Burke Davidson
McDowell
Washington
Randolph Chatham
Rowan
Buncombe Wilson
Haywood
Catawba
Pitt
Bertie
Johnston
Tyrrell
Swain
Greene
Rutherford
Lee
Cleveland Wayne Jackson
Lincoln
Harnett
Graham Henderson
Mecklenburg
Cabarrus
Moore
Montgomery
Stanly
Beaufort
Transylvania
Polk Gaston
Cherokee Macon Lenoir
Dare
Sampson
Cumberland
Clay
Union
Anson
Hyde
Hoke
Duplin
Richmond
Pamlico
Jones
Scotland
Robeson
Craven
Bladen
Carteret
Columbus
Onslow
Pender
New Hanover
Brunswick
THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA
Mountains
Piedmont
Sandhills
Coastal Plain
Tidewater
Natural Heritage Program
List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina
2016
Compiled by
Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist
John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
Raleigh, NC 27699-1651
www.ncnhp.org
This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as new data become available. New species are
added to the list, and others are dropped from the list as appropriate. The list is published every two
years. Further information may be obtained by contacting the North Carolina Natural Heritage
Program, Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, 1651 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1651; by
contacting the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 1701 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-
1701; or by contacting the North Carolina Plant Conservation Program, Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services, 1060 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1060. Additional i n f o r m a t i o n on rare
species, as well as a digital version of this list, can be obtained from the Natural Heritage Program’s
website at www.ncnhp.org.
Cover Photo of Arethusa bulbosa (Bog Rose) by David McAdoo.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1
NUMBER OF PLANT TAXA IN NORTH CAROLINA ..................................................... 2
LIST FORMAT ...................................................................................................................... 2
EXPLANATION OF STATUS AND RANK CODES ......................................................... 3
NORTH CAROLINA PLANT RARE LIST ........................................................................ 10
NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST .................................................................... 85
Watch Category 6 (regionally rare) ................................................................................ 132
ENDEMIC PLANTS IN NORTH CAROLINA ................................................................ 134
EXPLOITED PLANT TAXA IN NORTH CAROLINA................................................... 135
POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA PLANTS ................................................. 136
SIGNIFICANT 2016 REVISIONS TO THE PLANT LISTS ........................................... 141
SCIENTIFIC NAME CHANGES TO THE PLANT LIST SINCE 2014 .......................... 142
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES .................................................................................... 143
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This volume is dedicated in memory of John Finnegan (1960 - 2016) for his friendship and 20 years
of unfailing service to the State of North Carolina, supporting the conservation of its natural heritage.
This list was originally compiled and published by Alan Weakley in 1991, and it has been revised
and updated over the years by Alan Weakley, Jame Amoroso, Misty Franklin Buchanan, and Laura
Gadd Robinson. Special thanks are given to Misty Buchanan, Richard LeBlond, Harry LeGrand, Suzanne
Mason, Shawn Oakley, James Padgett, Linda Rudd, Ed Schwartzman, Michael Schafale, Bruce Sorrie,
and Alan Weakley for their involvement in the development of the list, to Paul Davison for
assistance with the bryophyte lists, and Gary Perlmutter for assistance with the lichen list.
The list of people who have assisted in the preparation of the vascular plant list, provided information
to the NCNHP on rare species occurrences, or otherwise contributed to our understanding of the rare
flora of the state are too many to mention, but a partial list of recent contributors includes: Mara
Alexander, Nell Allen, Jame Amoroso, Herb Amyx, Pat Amyx, Rex Badgett, Chris Baranski, Moni Bates,
Arleigh Birchler, Sean Bloom, Alvin Braswell, Ken Bridle, A.J. Bullard, Anne Burroughs, Kevin Caldwell,
David Campbell, Angie Carl, Owen Carson, Crystal Cockman, Ed Corey, David Danly, Jamey
Donaldson, David Dumond, Marshall Ellis, Bryan England, Rob Evans, Laura Fogo, John Fussell,
Lisa Gaffney, Jeff Glitzenstein, Cheryl Gregory, Tom Govus, Janet Gray, Steve Hall, Kerry Heafner,
Karin Heiman, Tom Howard, Kimberly Israel, Alicia Jackson, Andrew Jenkins, Claudia Jolls, Dean
Kanipe, Gary Kauffman, Josh Kelly, Lisa Kelly, Wesley Knapp, Jay Kranyik, Alexander Krings,
Mike Kunz, Lenny Lampel, Michael Lee, Merrill Lynch, Jeff Marcus, Jim Matthews, Carol Ann
McCormick, Hervey McIver, Patrick McMillan, William S. Moye, Carl Nordman, Tom Patrick, Cary
Paynter, Bob Peet, Derick Poindexter, Gerald Pottern, April Punsalan, Milo Pyne, Lloyd Raleigh,
Johnny Randall, Duke Rankin, Evan Raskin, Jerry Reese, Jerry Reynolds, Mark Rose, Tim Savidge,
Blanka Shaw, John Shaw, Dale Shew, Roger Shew, Alan Smith, Matt Smith, Jennifer Stanley,
Lesley Starke, Sara Strickland, Dale Suiter, Megan Sutton, John Taggart, Craig Ten Brink, Robert
Thornhill, Mike Turner, Julie Tuttle, Chris Ulrey, Andy Walker, Wade Wall, Bobby Ward, Allison
(Schwarz) Weakley, David Welch, Tom Wentworth, Brenda Wichmann, Chris Wilson, and participants
in the N.C. Vegetation Survey.
1
INTRODUCTION
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) conducts and maintains an inventory of known
locations of rare animals and plants in the state as part of its mission to support conservation of natural
areas. The primary functions of this inventory list are its use 1) in determining priorities for protection of
the state’s most important natural areas and the plants and animals contained therein, 2) in determining
priorities for inventory, and 3) by public agencies and private persons for environmental assessment and
land management planning.
The NCNHP is charged under the Nature Preserves Act (G.S. 143B-135.250 to 143B-135.272) with
compiling and maintaining information relevant to the protection of North Carolina’s most important
natural areas. NCNHP takes the lead role in North Carolina in the inventory of the state’s natural diversity
and the identification of important natural areas and rare species habitats. The list incorporates the most
recent federal status designations determined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for all
animal and plant taxa native to North Carolina. This list also includes North Carolina legal status
information from the N.C. Plant Conservation Program (NCPCP), a unit of the Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services and the agency responsible for the listing and protection of North Carolina’s
endangered and threatened plants, under provisions of the North Carolina Plant Protection and
Conservation Act (N.C. General Statutes - Chapter 106 Article 19B). The NCPCP List of North
Carolina’s Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Plant Species can be found on the website:
http://www.ncagr.gov/plantindustry/plant/plantconserve/. NCWRC is responsible for the listing and
protection of the state’s nongame species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes,
mollusks, and crustaceans, under N.C. General Statutes - Chapter 113 Article 25. The NCNHP,
NCPCP, NCWRC, and USFWS work cooperatively to ensure the continued survival of all of North
Carolina’s rich flora and fauna. Over the past 25 years and continuing in the future, the advice and
protection designations (for example, Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern) of scientific councils
and committees have been considered in the creation of the list.
Many species that lack formal legal protection are nonetheless imperiled in North Carolina. Therefore,
NCNHP collects data on these species in addition to those classified under the three protection
designations above and places them in two categories: Significantly Rare (SR) and Watch List (W). These
species receive no special legal protection; rather, the designation is used to convey information about
the species’ rarity within the state. The tracking of SR species, along with Endangered, Threatened, and
Special Concern species, plays a critical role in how NCNHP evaluates natural areas for their importance
in conservation of the state’s native biodiversity. These status categories are defined in this list under
“N.C. Status.”
NCNHP requests locality and population data on the species listed in this publication. Survey forms can
be downloaded from our website. For the most current information about the range of tracked species in
North Carolina, visit www.ncnhp.org. Information, including maps and datasets, on animals, plants,
and communities nationwide may be found on NatureServe Explorer (www.natureserve.org/).
2
NUMBER OF PLANT TAXA IN NORTH CAROLINA
Numbers in the table indicate number of taxa – generally species as well as valid unique varieties
and subspecies – for each group and status. Because many taxa have both an N.C. and a U.S. status,
totals cannot be added across a complete line. The total number of species in North Carolina is an
estimate of the species that do occur or have occurred at one time in the state.
GROUP
APPROXIMATE
NUMBER IN NORTH
CAROLINA
N.C. STATUS U.S. STATUS
E T SC SR E T FSC
Vascular Plants 4,239 157 141 110 287 17 9 91
Mosses 440 0 1 1 121 0 0 2
Liverworts 225 0 0 5 57 0 0 8
Hornworts 9 0 0 0 2 0 0 2
Lichens 977 1 1 2 19 1 0 15
Totals 5,890 158 143 118 486 18 9 118
LIST FORMAT
Species are grouped by major taxa. Plants are placed in five groups: Vascular Plants, Mosses, Liverworts,
Hornworts, and Lichens. Within a given taxon, species are listed alphabetically by scientific name. The
following information is presented for each species on the list; “status” indicates the degree of legal
recognition (if any); “rank” is a numerical scale of the rarity of a species, regardless of legal protection.
Scientific Name. Taxonomy and nomenclature of vascular plants (dicots, monocots, gymnosperms, ferns,
and fern allies) generally follows Weakley, A.S. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. 2015.
University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), N.C. Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina (available online at http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/. Scientific authorities for
names have been omitted to save space, but follow Weakley (2015 draft) and J.T. Kartesz’s A
Synonymized Checklist and Atlas with Biological Attributes for the Vascular Flora of the United States,
Canada, and Greenland. First Edition. (In: Kartesz, J.T. and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North
American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C. 1999).
Taxonomy and nomenclature of nonvascular plants (mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens) follow
Bryophyte Flora of North America, provisional publication, Missouri Botanical Garden (2001),
http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/BFNA/bfnamenu.htm. L.E. Anderson, H.A. Crum, and W.R. Buck’s
List of the Mosses of North America North of Mexico (Bryologist 93: 448-499 [1990]); L.E. Anderson’s
A Checklist of Sphagnum in North America North of Mexico (Bryologist 93: 500-501 [1990]); R.
Schuster’s The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America East of the Hundredth Meridian (1966,
1969, 1974, 1980, and 1992); M.L. Hicks’ Liverworts of the Mountains of North Carolina (1982); M.L.
Hicks’ Guide to the Liverworts of North Carolina (1992); M.L. Hicks and P.G. Davidson’s Some Rare,
Endemic, and Disjunct Liverworts in North Carolina (Castanea 54: 255-261 [1989]); G.B. Perlmutter’s
Lichen Checklist for North Carolina (Perlmutter, G.B. 2005. Lichen Checklist for North Carolina,
Evansia 22[2]: 51-77), http://lichenportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?cl=1187&pid=103); Brodo,
Sharnoff, and Sharnoff’s Lichens of North America (2001); and Esslinger’s Lichen Checklist for North
America (Esslinger, T.A. 2015. A Cumulative Checklist for the Lichen-forming Lichenicolous and Allied
Fungi of the Continental United States and Canada. first posted 1 December 1997, most recent version
[#20] 19 April 2015) https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm.
3
EXPLANATION OF STATUS AND RANK CODES
Status Codes
In North Carolina, Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species have legally protected status
through the North Carolina Plant Conservation Program (NCPCP). The Natural Heritage Program maintains
computerized records and GIS map files on Significantly Rare species, as well as species considered
extirpated in the state. United States Status is designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and
the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (USNMFS) in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act
of 1973 (USESA), as amended. Plants and plant varieties, (including fungi and lichens), animal species and
subspecies, and vertebrate populations are considered for Endangered or Threatened status according to the
criteria established under the USESA. Proposals and determinations to add taxa or populations to the Lists of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and plants are published in the Federal Register. Additionally, the
USFWS and the USNMFS periodically publish a Notice of Review or Notice of Reclassification in the
Federal Register that presents an updated list of plant and animal taxa that are regarded as candidates or
proposed for possible addition to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Contact the
Asheville or Raleigh Ecological Services Field Offices for more information.
N.C. STATUS – PLANTS
N.C.
STATUS
CODE
STATUS DEFINITION
E Endangered
Any native or once-native species of higher taxon of plant whose
continued existence as a viable component of the state’s flora is
determined to be in jeopardy or any species of plant determined to be
an Endangered species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act.
(GS19B-106:202.12.)
T Threatened
Any native or once-native resident species of plant which is likely to
become an endangered species within the foreseeable future
throughout all or a significant portion of its range, or one that is
designated as a Threatened species pursuant to the Endangered
Species Act. (GS19B-106:202.12.)
SC-V Special Concern-
Vulnerable
Any species or higher taxon of plant which is likely to become a
threatened species within the forseeable future. (NCAC 02 NCAC
48F .0401.)
SC-H Special Concern-
Historical
Any species or higher taxon of plant that occurred in North Carolina
at one time, but for which all known populations are currently
considered to be either historical or extirpated. (NCAC 02 NCAC 48F
.0401)
SR Significantly Rare
This is a NCNHP designation. Any species which has not been listed
by the NCPCP as an Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern
species, but which exists in the state (or recently occurred in the state)
in small numbers (generally fewer than 100 statewide populations)
and has been determined by the NCNHP to need monitoring.
Significantly Rare species include species of historical occurrence
with some likelihood of rediscovery in the state and species
substantially reduced in numbers by habitat destruction, direct
exploitation, or disease. Species considered extirpated in the state,
with little likelihood of rediscovery, are given no N.C. status
4
N.C.
STATUS
CODE
STATUS DEFINITION
listed by the NCWRC or NCPCP as E, T, or SC).
SR-L Significantly
Rare-Limited
The range of the species is limited to North Carolina and adjacent
states (endemic or near endemic). These are species that may have
20-50 populations in North Carolina, but fewer than 100 populations
rangewide. The preponderance of their distribution is in North
Carolina and their fate depends largely on conservation here.
SR-T Significantly
Rare-Throughout
The species is rare throughout its range (fewer than 100 populations
total).
SR-D Significantly
Rare-Disjunct
The species is disjunct to North Carolina from a main range in a
different part of the country or world.
SR-P Significantly
Rare-Peripheral
The species is at the periphery of its range in North Carolina. These
species are generally more common somewhere else in their ranges,
occurring in North Carolina peripherally to their main ranges, mostly
in habitats that are unusual in North Carolina.
SR-O Significantly
Rare-Other
The range of the species is sporadic or cannot be described by the
other Significantly Rare categories.
WL Watch List
This is an NCNHP designation for any other species believed to be
rare and of conservation concern in the state but not warranting active
monitoring at this time.
U.S. STATUS – PLANTS
U.S.
STATUS
CODE
STATUS DEFINITION
E Endangered A taxon that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant
portion of its range (Public Law 93-205 87 Stat. 884).
T Threatened
A taxon that is likely to become an endangered species within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range
(Public Law 93-205 87 Stat. 884).
C Candidate
Taxa for which the USFWS has on file enough substantial
information on biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support
proposals to list them as endangered or threatened. Proposed rules
have not yet been issued because this action is precluded at present by
other listing activity. Development and publication of proposed rules
on these taxa are anticipated. The USFWS encourages state and other
federal agencies as well as other affected parties to give consideration
to these taxa in environmental planning [Federal Register, 5
December 1996 Volume 61(235):64481]. Taxa formerly considered
“Category 1” are now considered “Candidate.”
FSC Federal Species of
Concern
“FSC” is an informal term. It is not defined in the federal Endangered
Species Act. In North Carolina, the Asheville and Raleigh Field
Offices of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service define FSC as those
species that appear to be in decline or otherwise in need of
conservation and are under consideration for listing or for which there
is insufficient information to support listing at this time. Subsumed
5
U.S.
STATUS
CODE
STATUS DEFINITION
under the term FSC are all species petitioned by outside parties and
other selected focal species identified in USFWS strategic plans, state
Wildlife Action Plans, Professional Society Lists (e.g. AFS, FMCS),
or NatureServe State Program Lists.
Ranking System
Natural Heritage Programs and the NatureServe Network have developed a consistent method for
evaluating the relative imperilment of both species and ecological communities. These assessments led to the
designation of a conservation rank. These ranks provide an estimate of extinction risk. Conservation rank
values have been assigned over the past 30 years by the NCNHP, NatureServe, and a large number
of collaborators in government agencies, universities, natural history museums, botanical gardens,
and other conservation organizations. This information has been developed primarily to help in guiding
conservation and informing environmental planning andmanagement.
Conservation ranks are either state (S) or global (G) and are based on a one-to-five scale, ranging from
critically imperiled (S1 or G1) to demonstrably secure (S5 or G5). These assessments are based on the best
available information, considering a variety of factors such as abundance, distribution, population trends,
and threats. Global ranks apply to the species throughout its range. The system is widely used by
nationwide agencies and organizations, as the best available scientific and objective assessment of a
species’ imperilment throughout its range.
A rank involving two numbers indicates uncertainty. For example, an S2S3 or a G2G3 rank indicates that
the species may be S2 or S3 (or G2 or G3), but that existing data do not allow that determination to be made.
N.C. RANK – PLANTS
N.C.
RANK
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS
DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION
S1 1-5 Critically Imperiled
Critically imperiled due to extreme rarity or some
factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to
extirpation (local extinction) from the state.
Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few
remaining individuals (<1,000).
S2 6-20 Imperiled
Imperiled due to rarity or some factor(s) making it
very vulnerable to extirpation from the state.
Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining
individuals (1,000 to 3,000).
S3 21-100 Vulnerable
Vulnerable to extinction either because rare or
uncommon, found only in a restricted range (even
if abundant at some locations), or due to other
factors making it vulnerable to extirpation.
Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000
to 10,000 individuals.
S4 101-1,000 Apparently Secure Apparently secure and widespread, usually with
more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000
6
N.C.
RANK
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS
DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION
individuals.
S5 1,001+ Secure
Common, widespread, and abundant. Essentially
ineradicable under present conditions. Typically
with considerably more than 100 occurrences and
more than 10,000 individuals.
SH 0? Historical
Of historical occurrence, with some expectation
that it may be rediscovered. Its presence may not
have been verified in the past 20 years. Upon
verification of an extant occurrence, SH-ranked
elements would typically receive an S1 rank. Note:
an element is not automatically assigned an SH (or
SX) rank if it has not been verified in the past 20
years; some effort must have been made to locate
or relocate occurrences.
SX 0 Presumed
Extirpated
Believed to be extirpated. Has not been located
despite intensive searches of historical sites and
other appropriate habitat, and virtually no
likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
SU Unknown Unrankable
Currently unrankable due to lack of information or
substantially conflicting information about status or
trends. More information is needed.
SNR Unknown Not Ranked Statewide rank not yet assessed.
SNA N/A Not Applicable
A conservation rank is not applicable because the
element is not a suitable target for conservation for
one of these reasons:
 Hybrid – an interspecific hybrid without
conservation value;
 Exotic Origin – not native to North
Carolina;
 Accidental/Nonregular – outside usual
range and not regularly found in North
Carolina;
 Not Confidently Present – never
documented as present in NC;
 Synonym – the taxon is not recognized by
the NCNHP.
S_? --- Uncertain Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank.
7
GLOBAL STATUS - PLANTS
GLOBAL
RANK
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS
DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION
G1 1-5 Critically
Imperiled
Critically imperiled globally because of extreme
rarity or because of some factor(s) making it
especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically five
or fewer occurrences or very few remaining
individuals (<1,000) or acres (<2,000) or linear
miles (<10).
G2 6-20 Imperiled
Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of
some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to
extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few
remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) or acres
(2,000 to 10,000) or linear miles (10 to 50).
G3 21-100 Vulnerable
Vulnerable globally either because very rare
throughout its range, found only in a restricted
range (even if abundant at some locations), or
other factors making it vulnerable to extinction.
Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000
and 10,000 individuals.
G4 101-1,000 Apparently
Secure
Uncommon but not rare (although it may be rare
in parts of its range, particularly on the periphery)
and usually widespread. Apparently not
vulnerable in most of its range, but possibly ause
for long-term concern. Typically more than 100
occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.
G5 1,001+ Secure
Common, widespread, and abundant (although it
may be rare in parts of its range, particularly on
the periphery). Not vulnerable in most of its
range. Typically with considerably more than 100
occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.
GH 0? Historical
Known only from historical occurrences, but with
some expectation that it may be rediscovered.
May still be extant; further searching is needed.
GX 0 Presumed Extinct
Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g.,
passenger pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that
it will be rediscovered. Not located despite
intensive searches of historical sites and other
appropriate habitat.
GU Unknown Unrankable
Currently unrankable due to lack of information
or due to substantially conflicting information
about status or trends; need more information.
GNR Unknown Not Ranked Global rank not yet assessed.
G_T_ --- Subspecies or
Variety Rank
The rank of a taxonomic subspecies or variety. As
an example, G4T1 would apply to a subspecies of
a species with an overall rank of G4, but the
subspecies warranting a rank of G1.
G_? --- Uncertain Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank.
8
GLOBAL
RANK
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS
DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION
G_Q --- Questionable
Taxonomy
Taxonomic classification that may reduce
conservation priority. Distinctiveness of this entity
as a taxon at the current level is questionable.
Resolution of this uncertainty may result in
change from a species to a subspecies or inclusion
of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting
element having a lower-priority conservation
status rank.
Physiographic Province/Region. The provinces/regions in which the species is known to occur are indicated.
This should not be regarded as the only province(s) or regions(s) of the state in which the species could
occur; our knowledge of the flora of North Carolina is still very imperfect. The provinces are abbreviated as
follows:
ABBREVIATION PROVINCE/REGION DESCRIPTION
M Mountains (Blue
Ridge)
All parts of North Carolina west of the foot of the Blue
Ridge Escarpment.
P Piedmont
All parts of North Carolina east of the foot of the Blue
Ridge Escarpment and west of the Fall Line, including
outlying “foothill” ranges, such as the Brushy, Uwharrie,
Sauratown, and South mountains. This province is
shallowly underlain by crystalline metamorphic, igneous,
or (rarely) consolidated sedimentary rocks.
S Sandhills
Portions of Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore,
Richmond, Scotland, and Montgomery counties
consisting mostly of deep aeolian sands of the
Middendorf and Pinehurst formations (Cretaceous to
Tertiary age). The Sandhills are really part of the coastal
plain but are here distinguished because of their
distinctive geomorphology and vegetation. Areas
somewhat resembling the Sandhills region but occurring
in other parts of the state (such as Carolina bay rims and
aeolian or beach ridge deposits in the outer Coastal Plain)
are considered part of the Coastal Plain Province.
C Coastal Plain
All parts of North Carolina east of the Fall Line, but
excluding the Sandhills region and Tidewater. Generally
consisting of unconsolidated sands, silts, clays, and peats,
though rarely shallowly underlain by consolidated
coquina limestone (“marl”).
T Tidewater
Areas associated with tidal water, such as the ocean and
barrier islands, sounds, estuaries, and mainland brackish
or salt marshes.
9
Habitat. The known habitats are described; as with provinces, these should not be regarded as the only
possible habitats of the species in the state.
Counties of Known Occurrence. Following the description of habitats is a listing of the known counties of
occurrence in the NCNHP database. We request information about any new occurrences in the state. County
names are followed by symbols (defined below) if the species has not been recently verified within the
county.
*
All recorded occurrences in the county are either extirpated, have not been found in recent
surveys, or have not been surveyed recently enough to be confident they are still present.
Unsurveyed occurrences are regarded as historical after 20-40 years, the number of years
depending on the species and the amount of habitat alteration in the area. An asterisk
should not be regarded as a definitive statement that the species is gone from the county but
indicates that its continued existence is uncertain.
+ Counties with obscure or undatable records.
? There is some question as to the validity of the county report.
The botanical exploration of North Carolina is far from complete, and many additional county records will
be found, generally (but not always) in proximity to counties listed. Most species that do not have county
of occurrence information are new to the Rare List and county status information had not been compiled at
the time of publication. Visit the Natural Heritage Program website for the most up-to- date county occurrence
information: www.ncnhp.org.
Scientific Name
Common Name
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Status Rank
N.C. U.S. N.C. Global
10
NORTH CAROLINA PLANT RARE LIST
Vascular Plants
Acmella repens
Creeping Spotflower
SR-D S1 G5T5
CP: low wet areas and floating mats in alluvial forests and swamps (Columbus, Robeson, Wake)
Acmispon helleri
Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil
SC-V S3 G5T3
P: open woods over clay soils, roadsides (Cabarrus, Caswell, Catawba*, Davidson, Davie*,
Granville, Iredell*, Mecklenburg, Moore, Person, Randolph, Rockingham, Rowan, Stanly, Union,
Wake, Warren*)
Aconitum reclinatum
Trailing Wolfsbane
SR-T S3 G3
M: rich coves, seepage slopes, boulderfields, rocky stream banks, mainly associated with mafic
rocks (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell*, Cherokee, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson,
Macon*, Mitchell, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey)
Adiantum capillus-veneris
Venus Hair Fern
T S1 G5
C: coquina limestone (marl) outcrops, also adventitious on mortar of old stone walls in Wilmington,
New Hanover County (Columbus)
Adlumia fungosa
Climbing Fumitory
SC-V S2 G4
M: coves and cliffs (Alleghany, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon*,
Madison, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey)
Aeschynomene virginica
Sensitive Jointvetch
T T S1 G2
TC: freshwater to slightly brackish tidal marshes and wet ditches (Beaufort, Craven, Hyde, Lenoir*)
Agalinis virgata
Branched Gerardia
T S2 G3G4Q
CS: savannas and depression pond shores (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Duplin*, New Hanover,
Onslow, Pender, Scotland)
Agastache nepetoides
Yellow Giant-hyssop
SR-P S1 G5
P: oak--hickory forests, especially over mafic rocks (Buncombe, Caswell, Durham*, Granville,
Madison*, Moore, Orange, Polk, Stokes*, Surry*, Transylvania*, Wake*, Warren*)
Agrostis altissima
Tall Bentgrass
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Agrostis mertensii
Arctic Bentgrass
SR-T
E
S2 G4
S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits and balds (Avery, Mitchell*, Yancey)
Scientific Name
Common Name
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Status Rank
N.C. U.S. N.C. Global
11
Aletris lutea
Yellow Colic-root
C: pine savannas (Pender)
Allium allegheniense
Allegheny Onion
SR-P
SR-T
S1 G4G5
S1 G3?
M: rock outcrops and woodlands over mafic rock at moderate to high elevations (Ashe, Caldwell)
Allium cuthbertii
Striped Garlic
T S2 G4
PM: low elevation granitic domes and other rocky sites with circumneutral soils (Alexander,
Madison*, Randolph, Richmond, Wilkes)
Allium sp. 1
Savanna Onion
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Onslow, Pender)
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa
Green Alder
M: balds (Avery, McDowell, Mitchell)
Amaranthus pumilus
Seabeach Amaranth
SR-L
SC-V
T
FSC
T
S1S2
S1
S1S2
G1G2
G5T5
G2
T: ocean beaches and island-end flats (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde*, New Hanover,
Onslow, Pender)
Amorpha confusa
Savanna Indigo-bush
T FSC S3 G3T3
C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover*)
Amorpha georgiana
Georgia Indigo-bush
E FSC S2 G3T2
CS: mesic to moist terraces along blackwater streams and ecotones between pocosins and savannas
(Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Lenoir*, Moore, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Scotland)
Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum E
Florida Goober Grass
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Hoke, Robeson, Scotland)
Andropogon mohrii T
Bog Bluestem
S1 G4
S2 G4?
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Onslow, Pender, Robeson*, Scotland,
Washington*)
Anemone berlandieri
Southern Anemone
E S2 G4?
P: thin soils around rock outcrops, usually on basic soil (Alexander, Anson, Mecklenburg*,
Montgomery, Moore, Orange, Polk*, Randolph, Rowan, Rutherford, Stanly, Union)
Anemone caroliniana
Prairie Anemone
E S1 G5
P: clayey woodlands over mafic rocks (Mecklenburg, Rutherford, Stanly*)
Scientific Name
Common Name
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Status Rank
N.C. U.S. N.C. Global
12
Anthoxanthum hirtum
Holy Grass
M: bogs (Ashe, Macon, Watauga*)
Anticlea glauca
White Camas
SR-D
SR-P
S1 G5
S1 G5T4T5
M: calcareous rock outcrops (Buncombe*, McDowell, Yancey)
Arabis patens
Spreading Rockcress
SR-T S1 G3
M: thin soils around limestone and nutrient-rich seepage from amphibolite (Madison, Rutherford,
Swain)
Arabis pycnocarpa var. adpressipilis
Hairy Rockcress
E S1 G5T4Q
PM: thin soils around basic rock outcrops (Alexander, Buncombe)
Arenaria lanuginosa var. lanuginosa
Spreading Sandwort
SR-P S1 G5T5
TC: maritime grasslands and forests, other sandy sites, shell middens, coquina limestone (marl)
outcrops (Beaufort*, Brunswick*, Carteret*, Dare*, Jones, Onslow, Pender*)
Arethusa bulbosa
Bog Rose
E S1 G5
MP: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Avery, Forsyth*, Henderson*, Transylvania)
Arisaema stewardsonii
Bog Jack-in-the-pulpit
SR-P S2 G5T4T5
M: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Catawba, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell,
Rutherford, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Aristida condensata
Big Three-awn Grass
T S2 G4?
C: bay rims with xeric pine-oak scrub (Bladen, Hoke*, New Hanover, Pender, Richmond*,
Scotland*)
Aristida simpliciflora
Chapman's Three-awn
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Pender)
Aristida tenuispica
Hillsboro Three-awn Grass
C: xeric sandhill scrub (New Hanover, Pender)
Arnoglossum ovatum var. lanceolatum
Savanna Indian-plantain
E
SR-P
E
S1S2
S1
S2
G3G4
G5T5
G4G5TNR
C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, Jones, Onslow, Pender)
Asclepias cinerea
Carolina Milkweed
C: pine savannas (Columbus*)
SR-D SH G4?
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
13
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Asclepias pedicellata
Savanna Milkweed
N.C.
SC-V
U.S. N.C.
S3
Global
G4
C: dry savannas and moist flatwoods (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover,
Onslow, Pender, Sampson)
Asclepias purpurascens
Purple Milkweed
SR-T S1? G5?
PMC: swamps, bottomlands, edges of moist woods (Bertie*, Burke, Davidson, Durham, Hertford,
Johnston, Moore, Pender, Union, Wilkes)
Asemeia grandiflora
Showy Milkwort
SC: sandhills (Hoke, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland)
Asplenium bradleyi
Bradley's Spleenwort
SR-P
SR-P
S2 G5?
S2 G4
PM: acidic rock outcrops and cliffs (Burke, Cleveland*, Gaston, McDowell, Orange, Polk,
Rutherford, Stokes)
Asplenium heteroresiliens
Carolina Spleenwort
E FSC S2 G2
C: coquina limestone outcrops (Bladen, Craven, Jones, Onslow*)
Asplenium monanthes
Single-sorus Spleenwort
E S1 G4
M: outcrops near waterfalls in escarpment gorges (Jackson, Transylvania)
Asplenium pinnatifidum
Lobed Spleenwort
SR-P S2 G4
PM: acidic rock outcrops and cliffs (Caldwell*, Henderson, Macon, Madison, Polk, Rutherford,
Transylvania, Wilkes)
Asplenium ruta-muraria
Wall-rue Spleenwort
M: limestone outcrops (Burke, Madison, McDowell)
Astragalus michauxii
Sandhills Milk-vetch
SC-V
SC-V FSC
S1 G5
S3 G3
SC: dry to xeric longleaf pine-oak woodlands and river-deposited sandhills (Bladen, Cumberland,
Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover*, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Sampson, Scotland)
Athyrium angustum
Northern Lady Fern
M: rock outcrops and forests at high elevations (Avery)
Baccharis glomeruliflora
Silverling
SR-P
SC-H
S1 G5T5
S1 G4
T: shrubby areas on margins of brackish marshes (Brunswick, New Hanover*, Pender)
Bacopa caroliniana
Blue Water-hyssop
T S1 G4G5
C: Shallow ponds, marshes, natural lakes, and tidal creeks (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
14
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Bacopa innominata
Tropical Water-hyssop
N.C.
SC-H
U.S. N.C.
SH
Global
G3G5
C: tidal freshwater marshes (Chowan, New Hanover*, Pender*)
Bacopa rotundifolia
Round-leaf Water-hyssop
C: natural lakes (Hyde*, Pender)
Balduina atropurpurea
Purple Honeycomb-head
C: savannas (Bladen, Brunswick*)
Baptisia alba
Thick-pod White Wild Indigo
SR-D
E
T
FSC
S1 G5
S1 G2
S2 G5
PCS: open woodlands, clearings (Anson, Cabarrus, Davidson, Johnston, Montgomery, Randolph,
Stanly, Union)
Baptisia australis var. aberrans
Prairie Blue Wild Indigo
E S2 G5T2
P: glades and open forests on basic soils (Cabarrus*, Caswell, Durham, Granville, Montgomery,
Orange*, Person*)
Baptisia bracteata
Creamy Wild Indigo
P: open woodlands (McDowell*)
Berberis canadensis
American Barberry
SC-H
SC-V
SH G4G5T4?
S2 G3
PM: open forests and glades on basic soils (Alamance*, Alexander*, Buncombe*, Catawba,
Durham, Granville, Guilford*, Haywood*, Iredell*, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Montgomery,
Orange*, Person*, Randolph*, Rockingham, Rutherford, Swain*, Transylvania*)
Betula cordifolia
Mountain Paper Birch
SC-V S1 G5T5
M: high elevation forests and landslide scars (Orange, Yancey)
Bidens trichosperma
Crowned Beggar-ticks
SR-P S1 G5?
CT: brackish marshes (Beaufort*, Chowan*, Craven*, Dare, Tyrrell*)
Boechera missouriensis
Missouri Rockcress
SC-V S1S2 G5
P: thin soils around basic rock outcrops (Anson, Madison, Stanly, Union)
Boltonia asteroides var. glastifolia
White Doll's-daisy
SR-O S2 G5TNR
CS: clay-based Carolina bays, marshes, savannas (Brunswick, Camden*, Columbus, Hoke, New
Hanover, Robeson, Scotland)
Botrychium lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum
Lance-leaf Moonwort
MP: cove forests (Burke, Macon, McDowell)
SR-P S1 G5T4
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
15
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Botrychium matricariifolium
Daisy-leaf Moonwort
N.C.
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S1
Global
G5
MP: cove forests (Avery, Burke, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey)
Botrychium simplex var. simplex
Least Moonwort
SR-P S2 G5T3T4
M: open, grassy sites (Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Transylvania)
Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula
Sideoats Grama
M: dry rocky slopes and bluffs (Swain)
Brachyelytrum aristosum
Northern Shorthusk
SR-P
SR-P
S1 G5T5
S3 G5
M: northern hardwood forests (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Clay, Graham, Haywood,
Henderson*, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga)
Bromus ciliatus
Fringed Brome
SR-P S1 G5
M: moist areas near high elevation grassy balds (Alexander, Ashe, Buncombe, Haywood,
Henderson, Mitchell*, Transylvania, Watauga)
Bromus latiglumis
Riverbank Brome
M: river floodplains (Alleghany, Ashe, Jackson, Swain)
Buchnera americana
American Bluehearts
SR-P
E
S1 G5
S1 G5?
MPS: glades, open forests, streambanks, probably primarily over mafic or calcareous rocks
(Cherokee, Cumberland*, Durham*, Harnett*, Orange*, Polk*, Rowan, Sampson*, Union, Wake*)
Buckleya distichophylla
Piratebush
T FSC S2 G3
M: bluffs, dry slopes, forests on lower slopes (Buncombe, Haywood, Macon, Madison, Mitchell,
Swain*)
Bulbostylis warei
Ware's Hair Sedge
SC-H SH G3G4
T: interdunes, riverine sandhills, and other xeric sand deposits (Brunswick*)
Calamagrostis cainii
Cain's Reedgrass
M: high elevation rocky summits (Buncombe, Yancey)
Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis
Canada Reed Grass
E
SR-P
FSC S1 G1
S1 G5T5
M: bogs and moist areas around high elevation rock outcrops (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Haywood*,
Macon, Mitchell*, Watauga*)
Calamagrostis porteri ssp. porteri
Porter's Reed Grass
SR-P S1 G4T4
M: middle elevation ridgetop forests (Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell,
Rutherford, Surry, Transylvania*)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
16
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Callitriche terrestris
Terrestrial Water-starwort
N.C.
SR-O
U.S. N.C.
S2?
Global
G5
CP: low, wet places (Granville, Moore, Richmond, Stanly, Union)
Calopogon multiflorus
Many-flower Grass-pink
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Caltha palustris var. palustris
Marsh-marigold
E FSC
E
S1 G2G3
S1 G5T5
M: boggy sites (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Madison*, Watauga, Yancey*)
Camassia scilloides
Wild Hyacinth
T S1 G4G5
CP: rich levees, slopes, and bottomlands (Alleghany, Franklin, Northampton, Vance)
Campanula aparinoides var. aparinoides
Marsh Bellflower
SR-P S2 G5TNR
M: bogs and other wet, open sites (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Cherokee, Clay*, Haywood,
Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*, Transylvania, Wilkes*, Yancey)
Campanula rotundifolia
Bluebells
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe)
Cardamine clematitis
Mountain Bittercress
E
SR-T
S1 G5
S2S3 G3
M: high elevation seeps, shaded outcrops, and streambanks (Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell,
Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Cardamine dissecta
Dissected Toothwort
SC-V S2 G4?
PM: rich woods, cove forests, bottomlands (Anson, Davidson, Durham, Guilford*, Mecklenburg,
Montgomery, Randolph, Rowan*, Rutherford*, Union)
Cardamine douglassii
Douglass's Bittercress
T S2 G5
P: bottomlands, rich lower slopes (Cumberland, Durham, Granville, Harnett, Hertford*,
Northampton, Orange*, Wake)
Cardamine longii
Long's Bittercress
SC-V S1 G3?
C: tidal marshes and tidal cypress-gum forests (Bladen, Columbus, Craven*, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pender, Robeson, Washington)
Cardamine micranthera
Small-anthered Bittercress
E E S2 G2
P: seeps, streamside sandbars, and floodplain depressions (Forsyth*, Stokes)
Cardamine rotundifolia
Mountain Watercress
T S2 G4
MP: seeps, banks of mountain brooks (Alleghany, Ashe, Mitchell, Stokes, Watauga, Yancey)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
17
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Carex amplisquama
Fort Mountain Sedge
M: rich woods (Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)
Carex arctata
Black Sedge
N.C.
SR-T
SR-P
U.S.
FSC
N.C.
S2
S1
Global
G5T3
G5
M: northern hardwood and spruce forests, bog edges (Ashe, Watauga)
Carex argyrantha
Hay Sedge
M: wet meadows (Ashe)
Carex austrodeflexa
Canebrake Sedge
E
SR-L
S1 G5
S2 G3G4
CS: streamhead pocosins and floodplains of small blackwater streams (Brunswick, Harnett, Hoke,
Moore, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Scotland)
Carex baileyi
Bailey's Sedge
SR-P S2 G4
M: bogs and seeps (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Mecklenburg*,
Transylvania, Watauga)
Carex barrattii
Barratt's Sedge
MS: seepage slopes (Harnett*, Henderson*)
Carex basiantha
Widow Sedge
SC-H
SR-D
SH G4
S1 G5
C: mesic forests, bottomlands, and lower slopes, over calcareous rock (Jones, Pender)
Carex bushii
Bush's Sedge
SR-P S1 G4
PM: open wet areas (Ashe*, Cabarrus, Durham*, Gaston*, Granville*, Johnston*, Nash*, Orange,
Rowan, Stanly)
Carex buxbaumii
Brown Bog Sedge
SC-V S2 G5
MP: bogs and fens (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Forsyth*, Henderson, Watauga, Yancey)
Carex calcifugens
Calcium-fleeing Sedge
SR-T S2? G3
C: mesic deciduous forests and maritime woodlands (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Onslow)
Carex canescens var. disjuncta
Silvery Sedge
SR-P S2 G5T5
CS: beaver ponds, old millponds, impoundments; usually on Nyssa biflora (Dare, Hoke, Hyde,
Richmond, Scotland, Tyrrell)
Carex careyana
Carey's Sedge
M: rich cove forests (Jackson)
T S1 G4G5
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
18
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Carex cherokeensis
Cherokee Sedge
N.C.
E
U.S. N.C.
S1
Global
G4G5
MPC: floodplains (Bertie, Cherokee, Macon, Madison, Pender, Polk)
Carex conoidea
Cone-shaped Sedge
MP: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Iredell*)
Carex cristatella
Small-crested Sedge
M: grassy balds, bogs (Jackson*, Swain*, Yancey)
Carex crus-corvi
Crowfoot Sedge
SC-V
SC-H
SR-P
S1 G5
S1 G5
S1 G5
C: swamp forests (Bertie, Bladen, Columbus, Craven, Currituck, Durham, Edgecombe*, Halifax,
Johnston, Lenoir, Martin, Northampton, Pitt*, Wayne)
Carex decomposita
Cypress Knee Sedge
SC-V S2 G3G4
C: beaver ponds, old millponds; often on Taxodium ascendens trunks and knees (Brunswick,
Chowan, Cumberland, Gates, New Hanover*, Richmond, Scotland, Warren*)
Carex deflexa
A Sedge
M: high elevation seepy forests
Carex eburnea
Bristle-leaf Sedge
M: calcareous outcrops (Madison*)
Carex emmonsii
Emmons's Sedge
SR-D
T
SR-O
S1?
S1
S2
G5
G5
G5T5
CS: moist woods and stream banks (Columbus, Harnett*, Hoke, Johnston*, Jones, Moore,
Northampton*, Onslow, Pender, Tyrrell, Washington, Wayne*)
Carex exilis
Coastal Sedge
E S2 G5
S: seepage slopes, wet seepy powerlines (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore*)
Carex hitchcockiana
Hitchcock's Sedge
SC-V S1 G5
M: moist to dryish forests over calcareous or mafic rocks (Ashe, Buncombe, Jackson, Macon,
McDowell)
Carex hormathodes
A Sedge
C: freshwater and slightly brackish tidal marshes (Currituck)
Carex impressinervia
Ravine Sedge
T
SR-T FSC
S1 G4G5
S2 G2
CP: rich alluvial forests (Anson, Harnett, Montgomery, Stanly, Union)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
19
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Carex jamesii
James's Sedge
N.C.
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G5
PC: rich woods, especially over mafic rocks (Bertie, Caswell, Cumberland, Durham, Halifax,
Harnett, Lee, Martin, Moore, Northampton)
Carex lasiocarpa var. americana
Slender Sedge
M: high elevation fens over amphibolite (Ashe)
Carex lupuliformis
False Hop Sedge
SR-P
SR-P
S1 G5T5
S1 G4
CP: moist bottomlands, especially in calcareous or mafic areas (Bertie, Brunswick, Craven*,
Forsyth*, Jones, Sampson, Tyrrell)
Carex lutea
Golden Sedge
E E S2 G2
C: ecotones between very wet clay savannas and swamp forests (Onslow, Pender)
Carex meadii
Mead's Sedge
SR-P S1 G4G5
P: low wet places over diabase (Durham*, Granville, Macon, Wake*)
Carex molestiformis
Ozark Plateau Sedge
M: Bottomland forests (Alleghany)
Carex oligocarpa
Rich-woods Sedge
SR-D
T
S1 G4
S1 G4G5
CM: rich woods, mostly over calcareous or mafic rocks (Carteret)
Carex oligosperma
Few-seeded Sedge
M: seeps and bogs (Avery, Mitchell, Watauga)
Carex pedunculata var. pedunculata
Longstalk Sedge
E
SC-V
S1 G5
S2 G5
M: rich cove forests (Buncombe, Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)
Carex projecta
Necklace Sedge
SR-P S1 G5
CMP: bogs, marshes, swamps, brownwater floodplain forests and openings (Avery, Cherokee,
Cumberland*, Iredell*, Lee, Madison, Mecklenburg, Mitchell, Swain*, Transylvania, Wilkes)
Carex purpurifera
Purple Sedge
SC-V S3 G4?
M: low elevation, rich forests over limestone or marble (Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Macon, Swain)
Carex radfordii
Radford's Sedge
T FSC S1 G3
M: rich cove forests in the Blue Ridge escarpment region (Jackson, Polk, Transylvania)
Carex reniformis
Kidney Sedge
T S1 G4?
CP: swamps, open wet areas (Bladen, Johnston*, Pender, Sampson, Wake*)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
20
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Carex roanensis
Roan Sedge
N.C.
SR-T
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G2G3
M: forests (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Madison*, McDowell, Mitchell, Transylvania,
Watauga, Yancey)
Carex socialis
Social Sedge
SR-P S1 G4
C: streambeds and riverbanks (Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Pender)
Carex sp. 2
Fen Sedge
M: seepage over mafic or ultramafic rocks (Alleghany)
Carex superata
Limestone Forest Sedge
P: Mesic Hardwood Forests (Anson)
Carex tenax
Wire Sedge
CS: xeric sandhills (Moore, Wayne*)
Carex tetanica
Rigid Sedge
MC: bogs and swamps (Craven, Macon*, Warren*, Wilson*)
Carex trichocarpa
Hairy-fruit Sedge
M: marshy bogs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Haywood*)
Carex trisperma
Three-seeded Sedge
SR-T
SR-T
E
SR-P
SR-P
E
S1
S1?
S1
S1
S1
S1
G1
G4?
G5?
G4G5
G4
G5
M: bogs, wet forests at high elevations (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Watauga)
Carex utriculata
Beaked Sedge
M: wet meadows (Alleghany, Henderson)
Carex verrucosa
Warty Sedge
SR-P
SR-P
S1 G5
S2 G4
CS: savannas and pinelands (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Columbus*, Cumberland, Dare, Hoke, New
Hanover*, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, Scotland)
Carex vesicaria
Inflated Sedge
M: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Dare)
Carex vestita
Velvet Sedge
P: low woods (Chatham*, Durham*, Polk)
SR-P
SC-H
S1 G5
S1 G5
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
21
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Carex woodii
Wood's Sedge
N.C.
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S3
Global
G4
MPC: forested slopes, cove forests, and northern hardwoods (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe,
Cherokee, Clay, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Jones*, Macon, Mitchell*, Orange*, Transylvania,
Watauga)
Carya laciniosa
Big Shellbark Hickory
T S1 G5
PC: brownwater river levees (Bertie, Durham, Halifax, Iredell)
Carya myristiciformis
Nutmeg Hickory
C: wet marl forests (Brunswick, Pender)
Caulophyllum giganteum
Northern Blue Cohosh
M: cove forests (Alleghany, Ashe, Graham)
Celastrus scandens
American Bittersweet
E
SR-P
E
S1
S1
S2?
G4
G4G5
G5
MP: cove forests and rich woods (Buncombe, Burke, Caswell, Cherokee, Cleveland, Graham,
Haywood*, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison*, McDowell, Mitchell*, Randolph*, Rutherford,
Surry, Swain*, Watauga*, Wilkes, Yancey*)
Ceratophyllum australe
Southern Hornwort
SR-P S1 G5TNR
CT: pools in maritime forests, possibly other natural depression wetlands (Carteret*, Chowan)
Chamerion platyphyllum
Fireweed
E S1 G5T5
M: grassy balds, roadsides, disturbed areas (Alleghany, Avery, Caldwell, Haywood, Mitchell,
Watauga, Yancey*)
Chasmanthium nitidum
A Spanglegrass
C: blackwater bottomlands over marl (Pender)
Chelone cuthbertii
Cuthbert's Turtlehead
T
SC-V
S1
S3?
G3G4
G3
MPC: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Catawba, Cumberland, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
Madison, McDowell, Stokes, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Wayne, Yancey)
Chelone obliqua
Red Turtlehead
SR-T S2 G4
CM: swamp forests, bogs, wet places (Ashe, Burke, Gates, Graham, Hertford*, Jackson, McDowell,
Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga)
Chenopodium foggii
Fogg's Goosefoot
M: rocky, mountain slopes (Haywood*)
Chenopodium simplex
Giant-seed Goosefoot
M: shaded soil at bases of cliffs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Jackson)
SR-T
T
SH G2G3
S1 G5
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
22
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Chrysoma pauciflosculosa
Woody Goldenrod
N.C.
E
U.S. N.C.
S1
Global
G4G5
C: riverine sand ridges and xeric pine-oak scrub (Columbus, Cumberland, Robeson)
Cirsium carolinianum
Carolina Thistle
E S2 G5
P: forests and disturbed areas, mostly on basic soils (Burke, Cabarrus*, Granville, Mecklenburg,
Montgomery, Onslow, Rowan, Rutherford, Wake*, Wilkes*)
Cirsium lecontei
Leconte's Thistle
SC-V FSC S2 G3
C: savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Onslow, Pender, Robeson*)
Cirsium nuttallii
Nuttall's Thistle
C: pine savannas, roadsides, pastures (Columbus, Pender)
Cladium mariscoides
Twig-rush
SR-P
SR-O
S1 G5
S3 G5
CSMT: bogs, fens, brackish marshes, sandhill seepage bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Camden, Carteret,
Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pender, Watauga, Yancey)
Clematis catesbyana
Coastal Virgin's-bower
SR-P S2 G4G5
TCM: dunes, edges of maritime forests, or over dolomite (Carteret, Currituck*, Dare, Jones,
McDowell, Onslow, Rutherford, Wake*)
Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis
Mountain Clematis
SC-V S1 G5T5
M: montane oak forests and northern hardwood forests (Ashe, Buncombe)
Clinopodium georgianum
Georgia Calamint
E S1 G5
SC: rock ledges near blackwater streams and disturbed pine-oak uplands (Anson*, Brunswick,
Pender, Richmond, Robeson*)
Collinsonia tuberosa
Piedmont Horsebalm
SC-V S1 G3G4
PM: rich hardwood forests (Alamance*, Chatham, Davie, Guilford*, Henderson*, McDowell,
Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Polk, Rutherford)
Collinsonia verticillata
Whorled Horsebalm
PM: cove forests (Burke, Madison, McDowell, Polk)
Conioselinum chinense
Hemlock-parsley
M: high elevation seepage slopes (Avery)
Coptis trifolia var. groenlandica
Goldthread
M: bogs and moist, mossy forests (Alleghany, Ashe)
SC-V
T
T
S2 G3G4
S1 G5
S1 G5T5
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
23
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata
Spotted Coralroot
N.C.
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G5T5
M: northern hardwood forests (Buncombe*, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon*, McDowell,
Transylvania, Watauga*, Yancey)
Corallorhiza wisteriana
Spring Coral-root
SR-O S1S2 G5
MPCT: nutrient-rich forests, especially over limestone, mafic rocks or shell rich sands (Buncombe,
Carteret*, Catawba*, Cleveland, Davie*, Durham*, Graham*, Harnett, Jackson*, Macon*, Madison,
McDowell, New Hanover, Orange*, Polk*, Rutherford, Surry*)
Coreopsis aristulata
Short-awned Coreopsis
C: wet savanna with calcareous influence (Onslow, Pender)
Coreopsis grandiflora var. grandiflora
Large-flowered Tickseed
M: acidic glades (Jackson, Macon)
Coreopsis palustris
Beadle's Coreopsis
SR-L
SR-O
SR-P
FSC S1
S1
S1S2
G1?
G5T4T5
G3G4Q
C: swamp forests and swamp edges (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Duplin*,
Jones*, Onslow, Pender, Pitt*)
Cornus asperifolia
Roughleaf Dogwood
C: wet marl forests (Onslow, Pender)
Cornus racemosa
Gray Dogwood
E
SR-P
S1 G4
S1 G5
P: moist soil in riparian zones, roadsides, and thickets (Caswell, Durham, Orange)
Corydalis micrantha
Slender Corydalis
T S1 G5T4
PM: thin, circumneutral soils on rock outcrops or cliffs (Alexander, Carteret, Jackson*, Madison)
Crataegus coccinea
Scarlet Hawthorn
SR-P S2? G5
MP: deciduous forest understories, pastures, upland thickets (Alexander*, Alleghany*, Ashe)
Crataegus munda
Batesburg Hawthorn
SR-T S2? G3G5Q
C: xeric or subxeric forests, scrublands, disturbed woodlands (Bladen, Cumberland*, Sampson,
Wake)
Crataegus pallens
Pale Hawthorn
SR-T S1S2 G1G2
M: subxeric forests, slopes, rock outcrops, especially over mafic or calcareous substrates
(Buncombe)
Crataegus senta
A Hawthorn
CM: upland hills, disturbed forests, pastures (Buncombe*)
SR-T S1? G2
Scientific Name
Common Name
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Status Rank
N.C. U.S. N.C. Global
24
Crataegus succulenta
Fleshy Hawthorn
SR-P S1S2 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits, mesic forests, pastures, especially over basic soil or mafic
substrate (Ashe, Buncombe, Orange*, Stokes)
Crinum americanum var. americanum
Swamp-lily
C: tidal swamp forests, tidal marshes (New Hanover*)
Crocanthemum bicknellii
Plains Sunrose
SC-H
SC-V
SH G5T5
S1 G5
M: rock outcrops, glades, fens (Ashe, Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon*,
Swain*, Transylvania, Yancey)
Crocanthemum carolinianum
Carolina Sunrose
E S1 G4
CS: sandhills, pinelands, dry savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland*, Dare, Hoke,
New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, Wilson*)
Crocanthemum corymbosum T
Pinebarren Sunrose
TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare)
Crocanthemum georgianum E
Georgia Sunrose
S1 G4G5
S1 G4
TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover)
Crocanthemum nashii E
Florida Scrub Frostweed
C: coastal fringe sandhill (Brunswick, New Hanover)
Crocanthemum propinquum T
Creeping Sunrose
S1 G3?
S1 G4
MP: rock outcrops, glades (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Clay, Forsyth, Haywood,
Henderson*, Macon, Stokes, Transylvania*, Watauga, Wilkes*, Yancey)
Crocanthemum rosmarinifolium
Rosemary Sunrose
T S2 G4
SC: dry clearings and roadsides within longleaf pine ecosystems (Hoke, Richmond, Scotland)
Croton monanthogynus
Prairie-tea Croton
M: calcareous rock outcrops (Madison)
Cuscuta cephalanthi
Buttonbush Dodder
MP: on woody hosts (Alleghany)
Cuscuta coryli
Hazel Dodder
E
SR-T
SR-T
S1
S1
S1?
G5
G5
G5?
CPM: on woody or herbaceous hosts (Burke, McDowell, Rutherford)
Scientific Name
Common Name
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Status Rank
N.C. U.S. N.C. Global
25
Cyperus dentatus
Toothed Flatsedge
C: marshes (Brunswick*, Currituck*, Dare*)
Cyperus granitophilus
Granite Flatsedge
SC-H
T
SH G4
S2 G3G4Q
P: granite flatrocks, other rock outcrops (Alexander*, Anson, Forsyth*, Franklin, Granville,
Rutherford, Wake, Yadkin*)
Cyperus lecontei
Leconte's Flatsedge
C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, New Hanover*, Onslow)
Cyperus tetragonus
Four-angled Flatsedge
T
SC-V
S2 G4?
S1 G4?
T: maritime forests and barrier island grasslands (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, New Hanover*,
Onslow, Pender)
Cyperus virens
Green Flatsedge
C:marshes and ditches (Columbus, Hyde)
Cypripedium parviflorum var. parviflorum
Small Yellow Lady's-slipper
SR-P
SR-T
S1
S1S2
G5
G5T3T5
M: upper slopes of rich high elevation forests (Clay, Graham, Henderson, Jackson, Macon)
Cystopteris fragilis
Fragile Fern
SR-P S1 G5
M: high elevation cliffs (Ashe, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Watauga)
Cystopteris tennesseensis
Tennessee Bladder-fern
E S1 G5
CM: calcareous rock outcrops (Craven, Graham*, Jones, Onslow*)
Cystopteris tenuis
Upland Bladder-fern
SR-P S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits, cliffs (Transylvania, Watauga)
Dactylorhiza viridis
Long-bracted Frog Orchid
E S1 G5T5
MP: seeps in cove forests (Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Forsyth*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*,
Watauga)
Danthonia epilis
Bog Oatgrass
SR-T S3 G3G4
MS: seepage bogs, wet seepy powerlines (Burke, Cumberland, Harnett, Haywood, Henderson,
Jackson, Macon, Montgomery, Moore, Richmond, Scotland, Transylvania)
Delphinium exaltatum
Tall Larkspur
E S2 G3
MP: grassy balds, glades, woodlands, mostly over mafic rock (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Caswell,
Durham, Gaston*, Granville*, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*, Person,
Watauga)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
26
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Dendrolycopodium dendroideum
Prickly Ground-pine
N.C.
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G5
M: openings and balds (Ashe, Avery, Burke, Graham, Haywood, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon,
Swain, Transylvania*)
Dendrolycopodium hickeyi
Pennsylvania Ground-pine
SR-P S2? G5
M: openings, balds, bog margins, and high elevation forests (Avery, Buncombe, Burke*, Haywood,
Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Transylvania, Yancey)
Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. glauca
Tufted Hairgrass
T S1 G5T5
M: olivine barrens, high elevation outcrops of mafic rock (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Clay, Mitchell)
Desmodium fernaldii
Fernald's Tick-trefoil
SR-P S1 G4
SC: dry to mesic hardwood-pine woodlands (Brunswick*, Cumberland, Dare*, Duplin*,
Edgecombe*, Gates*, Hoke, Jones*, Lenoir*, Martin*, Montgomery, Richmond, Scotland*,
Washington*)
Desmodium ochroleucum
Creamy Tick-trefoil
SC-H FSC SH G2
P: sandy or rocky woodland openings (Davie*, Orange*, Swain*)
Desmodium sessilifolium
Sessile Tick-trefoil
P: open woodlands (Cabarrus*, Mecklenburg*)
Diarrhena americana
Eastern Beakgrass
M: rich cove forest (Graham, Jackson)
Dicentra eximia
Bleeding Heart
SC-H
E
SR-P
SH G5
S1 G4G5
S3 G4
MP: rock outcrops (Buncombe, Burke, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Macon, Madison,
McDowell, Mitchell, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga*, Yancey)
Dichanthelium annulum
Ringed Witch Grass
SR-P S1 GNR
CP: dry sandy or rocky open woods and borders of thickets (Alleghany, Chatham*, Clay*, Dare*,
Davie*, Durham, Lee*, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery*, Orange*, Person*, Rowan*, Stanly, Stokes*,
Wake*)
Dichanthelium bicknellii
Bicknell's Witch Grass
SR-P S2 G4?Q
MP: open woods (Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Columbus, Granville, Jackson, Macon, Madison,
Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore*, Rowan, Union, Yancey)
Dichanthelium caerulescens
Blue Witch Grass
E FSC S1S2 G2G3
C: maritime grasslands and wet savannas with a calcareous influence (Brunswick*, Carteret,
Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Onslow, Pender)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
27
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Dichanthelium cryptanthum
Hidden-flowered Witchgrass
N.C.
SR-T
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G3G4Q
C: wet streamhead pocosin openings, including utility clearings (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret,
Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston*, Moore, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender, Richmond,
Wake*)
Dichanthelium fusiforme
Spindle-fruited Witch Grass
SR-P S1 G5?
CSM: dry sandy pinelands and dry montane woodlands (Alexander, Beaufort, Bladen*, Brunswick,
Columbus*, Dare, Gates, Hoke, Jones, Moore*, Onslow, Richmond*)
Dichanthelium hirstii
Hirsts' Panic Grass
C: cypress savannas (Onslow)
Dichanthelium neuranthum
Nerved Witch Grass
E
SC-V
S1 G1
S1 G5T3
T: maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick*, Carteret*, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover*, Union)
Dichanthelium spretum
Eaton's Witch Grass
SR-D S1S2 G5
CP: wet sands and peats of bogs, savannas, meadows, and shores (Carteret, Craven, Onslow,
Pender)
Dichanthelium strigosum var. glabrescens
Hairless Witch Grass
C: sandy pinelands and hammocks (Onslow)
Didiplis diandra
Water Purslane
SR-D
SR-P
S1 G5T4T5
S1 G5
CS: sluggish streams and ponds (Chowan*, Edgecombe*, Harnett*, Hertford*, Johnston, Moore*,
Nash, Perquimans*, Richmond, Wake, Warren*)
Didymoglossum petersii
Dwarf Filmy-fern
SR-T S2 G4G5
M: moist rocks in humid gorges (Graham, Jackson, Macon, Transylvania)
Diervilla rivularis
Riverbank Bush-honeysuckle
M: forests (Mitchell, Yancey)
Dionaea muscipula
Venus Flytrap
T
SC-V FSC
S1 G3
S2 G3
CST: savannas, seepage bogs, pocosin edges (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus,
Craven, Cumberland, Duplin, Hoke, Jones, Lenoir*, Moore*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico,
Pender, Robeson*, Sampson)
Diplachne maritima
Salt-meadow Grass
E S1 G5T3T4Q
CT: fresh to brackish tidal marshes (Brunswick, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Tyrrell)
Ditrysinia fruticosa
Sebastian-bush
C: swamp forests (Brunswick, Columbus, Pender*, Robeson)
SC-V S2 G5
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
28
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Draba ramosissima
Branching Draba
N.C.
SC-V
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G4
MP: calcareous and mafic rock outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Madison, Rutherford)
Drosera filiformis
Threadleaf Sundew
SC-V S2 G4
C: depression ponds, wet borrow pits, and ditches in various habitats including savannas, riverine
sand ridges, and bay rims (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Duplin, New Hanover, Robeson,
Sampson)
Echinacea laevigata
Smooth Coneflower
E E S1S2 G2G3
P: glades, woodlands, and open areas over mafic rocks (Durham, Granville, Mecklenburg,
Montgomery*, Orange*, Rockingham*)
Echinacea pallida
Pale Coneflower
SR-D S1 G4
P: mafic glades and barrens (Gaston*, Granville, McDowell*, Mecklenburg*, Richmond,
Rutherford)
Echinacea purpurea
Purple Coneflower
SC-V S1 G4
M: open woods and clearings (Alleghany, Ashe, Chatham, Graham, Jackson*, Madison, McDowell,
Randolph, Rutherford*, Vance, Warren, Yadkin*)
Eleocharis atropurpurea
Purple Spikerush
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Scotland*)
Eleocharis cellulosa
Gulfcoast Spikerush
SR-D
E
S1 G4G5
S2 G4G5
CT: interdune ponds, brackish marshes & tidal freshwater marshes (Beaufort, Carteret, Dare, Hyde,
Onslow*, Washington)
Eleocharis elongata
Florida Spikerush
C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Onslow)
Eleocharis fallax
Creeping Spikerush
E
SR-T
S1
S1S2
G5?
G4G5
C: fresh to brackish tidal marshes (Carteret*, Currituck, Dare, Jones, Onslow)
Eleocharis halophila
Saltmarsh Spikerush
CT: brackish and freshwater marshes (Dare, Hyde*)
Eleocharis montevidensis
Sand Spikerush
SR-P
SR-P
S1 G4Q
S1 G5
CT: maritime wet grassland (Currituck*, Dare, Hyde, Onslow)
Eleocharis parvula
Little-spike Spikerush
SR-D S1 G5
CT: brackish and fresh marshes (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Onslow, Tyrrell)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
29
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Eleocharis robbinsii
Robbins' Spikerush
N.C.
SC-V
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G4G5
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, peat-burn lakes, millponds, beaver ponds, artificial
lakes (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover,
Onslow, Sampson, Scotland, Washington)
Eleocharis rostellata
Beaked Spikerush
SR-O S2 G5
CT: brackish marshes (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Pamlico)
Eleocharis vivipara
Viviparous Spikerush
E S1 G5
C: bogs and pools (Brunswick, Carteret, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus
Slender Wheatgrass
M: olivine barrens (Clay)
Elymus virginicus var. halophilus
Terrell Grass
T
SC-V
S1 G5T5
S1 G5T5
C: brackish marshes, maritime forests and hammocks (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Hyde,
Washington)
Enemion biternatum
Eastern Isopyrum
SC-V S2 G5
PC: rich bottomlands, levees, and lower slopes (Caswell, Chatham*, Cumberland, Durham,
Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Lee, Northampton, Orange*, Person, Vance)
Epidendrum magnoliae
Green Fly Orchid
T S1S2 G4
C: epiphytic on trees in blackwater river swamps (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover,
Pender)
Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum
American Willow-herb
SR-P S2 G5T5
M: seeps and bogs (Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood*, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon,
Madison, Mitchell*, Swain*, Watauga, Yancey*)
Erigenia bulbosa
Harbinger-of-spring
MP: rich woods (Caswell, Graham)
Eriocaulon aquaticum
Seven-angled Pipewort
SR-P
SC-V
S1 G5
S2 G5
CS: blackwater creeks, natural lakes, tidal freshwater marshes (Bladen*, Brunswick*, Columbus,
Craven, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover, Perquimans*, Tyrrell, Washington)
Eriocaulon parkeri
Estuary Pipewort
C: natural lakes (Craven, Hyde, Tyrrell*)
Eriocaulon texense
Texas Hatpins
T S1 G3
E S1 G4
S: streamhead seepage ecotones and seepage slopes (Cumberland, Richmond)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
30
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Eriogonum tomentosum
Southern Wild-buckwheat
C: sandhills (Bladen*)
Eryngium aquaticum var. ravenelii
Marsh Eryngo
C: wet flatwoods with a calcareous influence, ditches (Pender)
Erythrina herbacea
Coralbean
TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret*, New Hanover)
Eupatorium anomalum
Florida Thoroughwort
C: wet savannas
Eupatorium leptophyllum
Limesink Dog-fennel
N.C.
SC-H
SR-P
E
SR-T
E
U.S.
FSC
N.C.
SH
S1
S2
S1?
S2
Global
G4G5
G4T2T3
G5
G2G3
G4G5
C: limesink ponds and clay-based Carolina bays (Brunswick, New Hanover, Robeson, Scotland)
Eupatorium paludicola
Bay Boneset
T FSC S1S2 G2
C: cypress savannas, clay-based bays, and small depressions ponds (Brunswick, Onslow, Scotland)
Eupatorium resinosum
Pine Barren Boneset
SR-O S3 G3
SC: seepage bogs, impoundments, shrub swamps, openings in streamhead pocosins (Bladen,
Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland)
Eupatorium saltuense
Tall Boneset
SR-L S1? G4
P: upland forests, woodland borders (Burke, Caswell*, Granville, McDowell, Person, Rutherford,
Sampson, Warren)
Euphorbia bombensis
Southern Seaside Spurge
T: seabeaches (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Onslow)
Euphorbia commutata
Cliff Spurge
SR-T
T
S2?
S1
G4G5
G5
MP: thin soil around mafic or calcareous outcrops (Buncombe, Caswell*, Haywood, Rutherford)
Euphorbia cordifolia
Heartleaf Sandmat
CS: sandhills (Bladen, Richmond*, Wayne*)
Euphorbia mercurialina
Cumberland Spurge
T
SC-V
S1 G5
S2 G4
P: rich slopes over gabbro (Anson, Granville, Montgomery, Moore, Richmond)
Euphorbia purpurea
Glade Spurge
SR-T S3 G3
M: forests, especially over mafic rock (Ashe, Buncombe, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon,
Madison, Mitchell, Swain, Watauga*, Yancey)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
31
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Eurybia mirabilis
Piedmont Aster
N.C.
SR-T
U.S.
FSC
N.C.
S3
Global
G3
P: rich slopes and bottomlands (Anson, Macon*, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Richmond, Stanly,
Union)
Eurybia spectabilis
Showy Aster
SR-O S2? G5
CMP: pine barrens and woodland borders (Bertie*, Cabarrus*, Chatham, Chowan*, Craven*,
Durham, Gates*, Granville, Hertford, Johnston, Jones, Lee*, Onslow, Pitt*, Polk, Robeson,
Rowan*, Stanly*)
Eustachys glauca
Saltmarsh Fingergrass
T: salt marshes
Filipendula rubra
Queen-of-the-prairie
SR-P
E
SH G4
S1 G4G5
M: bogs, wet meadows (Buncombe, Haywood, Macon, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Fimbristylis perpusilla
Harper's Fimbry
T FSC S1 G2
C: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus)
Fleischmannia incarnata
Pink Thoroughwort
T S2 G5
PMC: rich woods and thin woodlands over diabase, calcareous rocks, other basic rocks, or rich
alluvium (Alexander, Durham, Madison, Martin*, Polk, Richmond, Warren*, Wilkes)
Fothergilla major
Large Witch-alder
SR-T S3 G3
MP: dry ridgetop or bluff forests, seepage wetlands, and Piedmont longleaf pine forests (Burke,
Chatham, Gaston*, Harnett, Jackson, McDowell, Montgomery, Orange, Person, Polk*, Rutherford,
Stanly, Stokes, Surry, Transylvania, Wake)
Frasera caroliniensis
Columbo
SR-P S2S3 G5
M: deciduous forests on mafic soil (Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Macon)
Gaillardia aestivalis var. aestivalis
Sandhills Blanket-flower
E S2 G5TNR
S: dry sandy roadsides, dry longleaf pine-oak uplands (Cumberland*, Hoke, Moore*, Richmond,
Scotland)
Galactia mollis
Soft Milk-pea
T S2 G4G5
CST: loamy sand depressions in longleaf pine-oak uplands (Brunswick*, Cumberland, Hoke,
Richmond, Scotland, Wayne*)
Gaylussacia brachycera
Box Huckleberry
P: dry ridges and slopes (Durham)
E S1 G3
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
32
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Gaylussacia nana
Confederate Huckleberry
C: coastal fringe sandhill (New Hanover)
Gaylussacia orocola
Appalachian Dwarf Huckleberry
N.C.
E
SR-L
U.S. N.C.
S1
S1
Global
G4
G1
M: bogs (Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Henderson, Macon*, Transylvania)
Gelsemium rankinii
Swamp Jessamine
SC-V S1S2 G5
C: floodplains of blackwater rivers and streams (Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland*, New
Hanover, Pender, Robeson)
Gentiana alba
Yellow Gentian
M: habitat not known (Watauga*)
Gentiana latidens
Balsam Mountain Gentian
SC-V
SR-L FSC
SH
S1S2
G4
G5T2T3
M: moist open sites on rocky slopes (Haywood, Jackson, Macon*, Transylvania)
Gentianopsis crinita
Fringed Gentian
T S1 G5
M: glades, serpentine barrens, open sites over basic rocks (Ashe, Clay, Macon*, Watauga)
Geum aleppicum
Yellow Avens
M: bogs (Avery, Swain*)
Geum geniculatum
Bent Avens
E
SC-V FSC
S1 G5
S1S2 G2
M: high elevation forests, streambanks, seepage slopes (Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, Watauga)
Geum laciniatum
Rough Avens
M: bogs and wet meadows (Avery, Wilkes*)
Geum lobatum
Lobed Barren Strawberry
M: streambanks and ravines (Jackson*, Transylvania)
Geum radiatum
Spreading Avens
E
E FSC
E E
S1 G5
S1 G3
S2 G2
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke*, Haywood, Mitchell,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Gillenia stipulata
Indian Physic
T S2 G5
P: forests and open woods, mainly over mafic rocks (Cabarrus*, Chatham*, Davidson, Durham,
Granville, Lee*, McDowell, Montgomery, Moore*, Orange*, Person, Stokes, Surry, Transylvania,
Union, Wake)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
33
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Glyceria laxa
Lax Mannagrass
N.C.
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S1
Global
G5
M: seeps (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon, Transylvania)
Glyceria nubigena
Smoky Mountain Mannagrass
SR-L FSC S2 G2G3
M: high elevation seeps (Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Swain, Transylvania)
Gratiola aurea
Golden Hedge-hyssop
SC-V S1 G5
C: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Gates*, Pender, Sampson)
Gratiola ramosa
Branched Hedge-hyssop
SR-P S1 G4G5
CS: cypress savannas and clay-based Carolina bays (Hoke, Robeson*, Scotland)
Gymnocarpium appalachianum
Appalachian Oak Fern
T S1 G3
M: shaded and sheltered crevices on high elevation rocky summits (Ashe)
Hackelia virginiana
Virginia Stickseed
SR-P S2 G5
MP: woods and thickets with circumneutral soil (Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe,
Burke, Caldwell, Clay*, Granville, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Madison, Martin, McDowell,
Polk*, Rockingham, Rutherford, Surry*, Vance)
Helanthium tenellum
Dwarf-burhead
E SH G5?
C: drawdown zones of clay-based Carolina bays and blackwater rivers (Brunswick*, Columbus*,
Robeson)
Helenium brevifolium
Littleleaf Sneezeweed
E S1 G4
PMC: bogs, seeps, riverbanks, other wet sites (Alleghany, Brunswick*, Clay, Columbus, Davidson*,
Henderson*, Iredell, Lenoir*, Lincoln, Montgomery, Rowan*, Stanly*, Wake*)
Helenium pinnatifidum
Dissected Sneezeweed
SR-P S2 G4
C: savannas and open, wet, mucky sites (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover*, Pender,
Robeson*)
Helenium vernale E
Spring Sneezeweed
C: savannas and adjacent ditches (Brunswick, Columbus)
Helianthus floridanus T
Florida Sunflower
S1 G4?
S1 G3G4
C: savannas and pocosins (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Robeson)
Helianthus laevigatus
Smooth Sunflower
SC-V S3 G4
PM: shaly open woods and roadsides (Anson, Burke, Cabarrus, Cleveland*, Davidson, Jackson,
McDowell, Montgomery, Rowan, Rutherford, Stanly, Transylvania, Union)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
34
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Helianthus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis
Naked-stem Sunflower
M: Rocky or sandy flood-scoured riversides (Buncombe*)
Helianthus schweinitzii
Schweinitz's Sunflower
N.C.
SC-H
E
U.S.
E
N.C.
SX
S3
Global
G5T5
G3
P: open woods, roadsides, and other rights-of-way (Anson, Cabarrus, Catawba, Davidson, Gaston,
Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Stanly, Stokes, Surry, Union)
Heliotropium curassavicum var. curassavicum
Seaside Heliotrope
T: salt flats and salt marshes (Hyde*)
Helonias bullata
Swamp Pink
M: bogs (Ashe, Henderson, Jackson, Transylvania)
Heteranthera multiflora
Multiflowered Mud-plantain
SR-P
T T
SR-P
SH G5T5
S2 G3
S1 G4
C: open pools in brownwater or blackwater river floodplains (Bertie*, Martin, Pasquotank,
Perquimans, Wake, Washington)
Heuchera hispida
Hispid Alumroot
P: rich, rocky woods (Alleghany, Ashe, Wilkes)
Heuchera pubescens
Downy Alumroot
SR-P
SR-P
S1 G5T3?
S1 G4?
MP: rock outcrops (Haywood*, Madison, Stokes*, Surry, Yadkin)
Hexalectris spicata
Crested Coralroot
SR-P S2 G5
PMC: dry or mesic woods on basic soils (Alleghany, Burke*, Cabarrus, Clay, Cumberland,
Davidson*, Davie*, Durham, Franklin*, Granville, Harnett, Hoke, Jackson*, Johnston*, Jones*,
Lincoln, Macon, Madison*, Mecklenburg, Orange, Polk*, Randolph, Rutherford, Stanly, Surry*)
Hexastylis contracta
Mountain Heartleaf
E S1 G3
M: acidic forests under rhododendron (Buncombe, Caldwell, Henderson)
Hexastylis naniflora
Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf
T T S3 G3
P: rich deciduous forests, bluffs, and ravines (Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland,
Gaston, Iredell, Lincoln, Polk, Rutherford)
Hexastylis rhombiformis
French Broad Heartleaf
SR-L FSC S3 G3
MP: cove forests (Buncombe, Burke, Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)
Hibiscus aculeatus
Comfortroot
T S1 G4G5
C: bay forests, sand ridges, and roadsides (Carteret, New Hanover, Robeson)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
35
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Hottonia inflata
Featherfoil
N.C.
SR-O
U.S. N.C.
S1?
Global
G4
CPT: pools in blackwater or brownwater swamps, interdune ponds (Bertie, Dare, Edgecombe*,
Gates, Halifax, Johnston, Lenoir, Martin, Tyrrell)
Houstonia montana
Roan Mountain Bluet
E E S2 G5T2
M: high elevation rocky summits, grassy balds (Ashe, Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
Hudsonia montana
Mountain Golden-heather
T T S1 G1
M: gorge rim outcrops, rocky summits, pine-oak/heath ridges (Burke, McDowell)
Hudsonia tomentosa
Sand Heather
T S2 G5
T: openings in maritime forest, blowouts, and dunes (Currituck, Dare)
Huperzia porophila
Rock Fir-clubmoss
SR-P S2 G4
M: in spray zone of waterfalls (Ashe, Jackson, Macon, Polk*, Rutherford, Transylvania)
Hydrastis canadensis
Goldenseal
SR-O S3 G3G4
MP: cove forests, other rich deciduous forests (Alleghany, Buncombe, Durham, Graham, Haywood,
Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Mitchell, Polk, Rockingham, Stokes, Swain, Watauga*)
Hymenocallis occidentalis var. occidentalis
Hillside Spider-lily
M: wooded hillsides (McDowell*)
Hymenocallis pygmaea
Waccamaw River Spiderlily
C: banks of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus, Pender)
Hymenophyllum tayloriae
Gorge Filmy Fern
SC-H
T
SR-O
FSC
FSC
SH
S1
S1S2
G4?TNR
G1G2Q
G2
M: moist grottoes and spray cliffs in escarpment gorges with high rainfall (Jackson, Macon,
Transylvania)
Hypericum adpressum
Bog St. John's-wort
SC-H FSC SH G3
C: streamside seepage areas, depression ponds and other isolated wetlands (Halifax*,
Northampton*)
Hypericum brachyphyllum
Coastal Plain St. John's-wort
SC-V S1S2 G5
C: wet pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Hypericum fasciculatum
Peelbark St. John's-wort
E S1 G5
CS: beaver ponds, low pinelands, pools (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Cumberland*,
Moore, New Hanover*, Robeson)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
36
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Hypericum fraseri
Fraser's Marsh St. John's-wort
M: bogs and peaty wetlands (Northampton)
Hypericum radfordiorum
Radford's St. John's-wort
N.C.
SR-P
SR-L
U.S.
FSC
N.C.
S1
S2
Global
G5
G2
P: thin soils around rock outcrops in the Brushy Mountains (Alexander, Caldwell*, Wilkes)
Hypericum suffruticosum
Pineland St. John's-wort
C: pine savannas (Bladen*, Sampson*)
Hypoxis juncea
Fringed Yellow Stargrass
SC-H
SR-P
SH G4G5
S1 G4?
C: savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Hoke, Pender)
Hypoxis rigida
Stiff-leaved Yellow Stargrass
SR-P S2 G4
CS: savannas and seepage slopes associated with streamheads (Brunswick, Cumberland, Hoke,
Moore*)
Hypoxis sessilis
Sessile Yellow Stargrass
CS: savannas, pinelands (Brunswick, Hoke, Pender, Robeson)
Ilex collina
Long-stalked Holly
SR-P
SC-V
S1 G4
S1 G3
M: bogs, wet streamsides, or high elevation forests (Ashe, Haywood, Swain, Watauga)
Ilex longipes
Georgia Holly
SR-P S1 G5
P: upland forests and woodlands (Anson*, Gaston, Iredell, Johnston*, Lincoln, Mecklenburg,
Nash*, Rutherford, Union, Wilson*)
Ipomoea imperati
Beach Morning-glory
T S1 G5
T: sea beaches and foredunes (Brunswick, Carteret, Hyde, Onslow)
Ipomoea macrorhiza
Manroot
TC: low marshy places, dunes (Brunswick*)
Iris prismatica
Slender Blue Iris
SR-P
SR-T
SH
S1S2
G3G5
G4G5
CM: bogs, marshes, and wet powerline clearings (Anson, Beaufort, Brunswick, Camden*, Dare,
Gates*, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston, Montgomery, New Hanover, Pamlico, Pasquotank*, Perquimans*)
Isoetes microvela
Thin-wall Quillwort
T FSC S1 G1
C: emergent riverbanks, calcareous influenced riverbanks (Brunswick, Jones, Onslow, Pender,
Sampson)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
37
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Isoetes piedmontana
Piedmont Quillwort
N.C.
E
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G4
P: granite flatrocks and diabase glades (Anson, Franklin, Granville, Rowan, Rutherford, Wake)
Isoetes virginica
Virginia Quillwort
SR-L FSC S1 G1
P: upland depression swamp forests, clayey soils (Caswell, Chatham*, Person, Rowan*, Union*)
Isolepis carinata
Keeled Beakrush
SR-P S1 G5
PC: wet places, granitic flatrocks (Anson, Moore, Pender, Tyrrell, Union)
Isotria medeoloides
Small Whorled Pogonia
T T S1 G2?
MP: forests, especially with white pine (Burke, Cherokee, Guilford, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson,
Macon, McDowell, Rutherford, Surry*, Transylvania)
Iva microcephala T
Small-headed Marsh Elder
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Robeson, Scotland)
Jeffersonia diphylla T
Twinleaf
S2 G5
S1 G5
M: rich cove forests, especially over calcareous rocks (Jackson, Madison)
Juncus articulatus
Jointleaf Rush
C: marshes (Dare*)
Juncus caesariensis
New Jersey Rush
M: seepage bog (Bertie, Clay, Henderson)
Juncus dudleyi
Dudley's Rush
M: calcareous seepages and riverscours
Juncus militaris
Bayonet Rush
C: exposed peaty-sandy shorelines of lakes (Washington)
Juniperus communis var. depressa
Dwarf Juniper
SR-D
E
SR-P
SR-D
SC-V
FSC
SH G5
S1 G2G3
S1 G5
S1 G4
S1 G5T5
MP: high elevation granitic domes, low elevation rocky summits (Buncombe*, Cleveland, Gaston,
Macon, Rutherford)
Kalmia angustifolia
Sheep-laurel
C: sandy, xeric to mesic hillsides (Gates)
Lachnocaulon minus
Brown Bogbutton
T S1
T S2
G5
G3G4
CS: depression ponds and ditches (Brunswick, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, Scotland)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
38
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Lathyrus pusillus
Tiny Peavine
PC: wet, disturbed sites (McDowell*)
Lechea maritima var. virginica
Maritime Pinweed
N.C.
SR-D
E
U.S. N.C.
SH
S1
Global
G5?
G5T3Q
T: barren dunefields with Hudsonia tomentosa (Currituck, Dare)
Lechea torreyi var. congesta
Torrey's Pinweed
E S1 G4
CS: sandhills, savannas (Brunswick, Moore*, Onslow, Pender)
Leersia lenticularis
Catchfly Cutgrass
SR-P S2? G5
C: low woods (Bertie, Bladen, Chatham, Craven, Halifax, Johnston, Martin)
Liatris aspera
Rough Blazing-star
T S1 G4G5
M: glades, open woods, fens (Ashe, Burke, Clay, Cleveland, Henderson*, Jackson*, Macon,
McDowell, Polk*, Rutherford, Stanly, Stokes, Transylvania*)
Liatris helleri
Heller's Blazing-star
T T S2 G2Q
M: high elevation rocky summits, cliffs (Ashe, Avery, Burke, Caldwell, Mitchell*, Watauga)
Liatris microcephala
Small-head Blazing-star
SC-V S1 G3G4
M: rock outcrops, glades, dry woodlands (Macon*, Polk*, Rutherford)
Liatris squarrulosa
Earle's Blazing-star
SR-P S2 G4G5
PSM: diabase glades, open woods especially over mafic rocks; also loamy-sand soils in longleaf
pine-oak sandhills (Anson, Bladen, Cherokee, Cumberland, Durham, Graham, Granville, Harnett*,
Hoke, McDowell, Orange*, Person, Richmond, Robeson, Rutherford, Scotland, Stokes*, Swain*,
Wake)
Liatris turgida
Shale-barren Blazing-star
SR-T S1S2 G3
M: dry rocky woods (Buncombe*, Burke, Cleveland, Polk*, Rutherford)
Lilaeopsis carolinensis
Carolina Grasswort
SR-O S2 G3G5
TC: freshwater marshes, pools, tidal marshes (Brunswick, Camden, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Martin,
New Hanover, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Washington)
Lilium canadense ssp. editorum
Red Canada Lily
E S1 G5T4
MP: bogs, wet meadows (Alleghany, Avery*, Cabarrus, Graham, Henderson, Randolph,
Rutherford*, Stanly*)
Lilium canadense var. canadense E
Yellow Canada Lily
MP: bogs, wet meadows (Cabarrus, Haywood, Watauga)
S1 G5T4?
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
39
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Lilium grayi
Gray's Lily
N.C.
T
U.S.
FSC
N.C.
S3
Global
G3
M: bogs, wet meadows, seeps, grassy balds, high elevation forests (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery,
Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood, Henderson*, McDowell, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
Lilium philadelphicum var. philadelphicum
Wood Lily
E S2 G5T4T5
M: grassy balds, glades (Ashe, Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Polk*, Swain, Watauga, Yancey)
Lilium pyrophilum
Sandhills Lily
E FSC S2 G2
CS: streamhead pocosin ecotones and openings (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Nash*,
Northampton*, Richmond, Scotland)
Limosella australis
Awl-leaf Mudwort
T: tidal marshes (Currituck, Dare)
Lindera melissifolia
Pondberry
T S1
E E S1
G4G5
G3
C: Carolina bays and seasonally wet depressions (Bladen*, Cumberland, Onslow, Orange*,
Sampson)
Lindera subcoriacea
Bog Spicebush
SR-T FSC S2S3 G3
SP: streamhead pocosins, white cedar swamps, seepage slopes (Anson*, Chatham, Cumberland,
Hoke, Johnston, Lee, Montgomery, Moore, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake)
Linum floridanum var. chrysocarpum
Yellow-fruited Flax
C: pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Linum sulcatum
Glade Flax
P: diabase barrens (Durham, Granville)
Liparis loeselii
Fen Orchid
T
SC-H
E
S1S2
S1
S1
G5?T3?
G5T5
G5
MT: seeps, bay swamps (Alleghany, Ashe*, Avery*, Dare, Jackson*, Rutherford*, Swain,
Transylvania, Watauga*)
Lipocarpha micrantha
Small-flowered Hemicarpha
SC-H SH G5
CT: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers, salt marshes (Brunswick*, Columbus*, Dare*)
Lithospermum canescens
Hoary Puccoon
T S2 G5
P: diabase glades, open woods over diabase (Durham, Granville)
Litsea aestivalis
Pondspice
SC-V FSC S2S3 G3?
C: limesink ponds, other pools (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Gates, Hoke,
Lenoir, New Hanover, Onslow, Sampson, Wayne)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
40
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Lobelia boykinii
Boykin's Lobelia
N.C.
E
U.S.
FSC
N.C.
S1S2
Global
G2G3
C: depression ponds and meadows and clay-based cypress savannas (Bladen*, Cumberland, Hoke,
Onslow, Robeson, Scotland)
Lonicera canadensis
American Fly-honeysuckle
SR-P S2 G5
M: bogs, moist woods (Alleghany, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Lophiola aurea
Golden-crest
E S2 G4
C: very wet, mucky habitats in pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow)
Ludwigia alata
Winged Seedbox
SR-P S2 G3G5
TC: interdune ponds, marshes (Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New
Hanover*, Onslow*, Pasquotank, Tyrrell*)
Ludwigia brevipes
Long Beach Seedbox
SR-T FSC S1S2 G2G3
CS: natural lake shores, blackwater stream shores and impoundments, and freshwater interdune
ponds (Brunswick, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Gates*, Harnett*, Hyde*,
Johnston*, Robeson*, Sampson*, Wayne*)
Ludwigia lanceolata
Lanceleaf Seedbox
E S1 G3
TC: interdune ponds, open wet areas (Brunswick*, Carteret, Dare*, New Hanover)
Ludwigia linifolia
Flaxleaf Seedbox
T S2 G4
CT: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow)
Ludwigia ravenii
Raven's Seedbox
T FSC S1 G1G2
C: savannas, swamps, marshes, wet open places (Brunswick*, Carteret, Chowan*, Columbus,
Craven, Duplin*, Gates*, Jones, New Hanover*, Pamlico*, Perquimans*, Sampson)
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa
Globe-fruit Seedbox
E S1 G5
CS: bogs, pools, and lake shores (Bladen*, Columbus, Craven, Dare*, Hoke*, Johnston*, Moore,
New Hanover, Richmond, Washington, Wayne*)
Ludwigia suffruticosa
Shrubby Seedbox
T S2 G5
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover,
Onslow, Robeson, Scotland)
Lupinus villosus
Lady Lupine
SR-P S1 G5
C: sandhills and other dry sandy woods (Bladen, Brunswick*, Cumberland, Moore, Pender)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
41
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Luziola fluitans var. fluitans
Southern Water Grass
N.C.
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G4G5
C: pools, lakes, streams (Bladen, Columbus, Dare, Moore, Pender, Richmond, Scotland, Tyrrell,
Washington)
Lycopodiella inundata
Bog Clubmoss
M: bogs and seeps (Avery, Haywood, Watauga)
Lycopus angustifolius
Southern Bog Water-horehound
C: bogs and marshes (Columbus, Richmond, Washington)
Lysimachia asperulifolia
Rough-leaf Loosestrife
SR-P
SR-P
E E
S1 G5
S1 G4?Q
S3 G3
CS: pocosin/savanna ecotones, pocosins (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*,
Craven, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Montgomery*, Moore*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico,
Pender, Richmond, Scotland)
Lysimachia fraseri
Fraser's Loosestrife
E FSC S3 G3
M: wet forest borders, roadsides, alluvial meadows (Buncombe*, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson,
Macon, Polk, Swain, Transylvania)
Lysimachia hybrida
Lowland Loosestrife
MPC: bottomlands (Pender)
Lysimachia tonsa
Southern Loosestrife
SR-P
SR-P
S2? G5
S2 G4
P: upland forests and openings (Alexander, Ashe, Burke, Caswell, Madison, Orange*, Rockingham,
Rutherford, Stokes, Surry, Swain, Vance)
Lythrum lanceolatum
Southern Winged-loosestrife
C: marshes and low, wet places (New Hanover*, Pender)
Macbridea caroliniana
Carolina Bogmint
SR-T
E FSC
S1 G5T5
S2 G2G3
C: blackwater swamps, savanna/pocosin ecotones, ditches (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Harnett,
Johnston, Jones*, Pender, Robeson)
Magnolia macrophylla
Bigleaf Magnolia
T S2 G5
P: rich deciduous forests (Gaston, Henderson, Iredell, Lincoln, Surry, Wake)
Malaxis bayardii
Appalachian Adder's-mouth
MP: upland forests (Caldwell*, McDowell)
Malaxis spicata
Florida Adder's-mouth
SR-T
SC-V
FSC S1 G1G2
S1 G4?
CT: maritime swamp forests, calcareous but mucky outer coastal plain swamps (Brunswick,
Carteret, Chowan, Craven, Dare, Jones, Pender*)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
42
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Marshallia grandiflora
Large-flowered Barbara's-buttons
MP: bogs, dry basic soils (Henderson*, Polk*)
Marshallia legrandii
Oak Barrens Barbara's-buttons
P: clayey upland soils over diabase (Granville)
Marshallia trinervia
Broadleaf Barbara's-buttons
N.C.
SC-H
SR-L
SC-H
U.S.
FSC
FSC
N.C.
SH
S1
SH
Global
G3
G1
G3
M: moist rocky streambanks and in calcareous clays (Macon*)
Matelea decipiens
Glade Milkvine
SR-P S3 G5
PC: thin woodlands over mafic or calcareous rocks (Alamance, Alexander, Anson, Bertie, Burke,
Davidson*, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Hertford*, Lincoln, Martin, McDowell,
Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Northampton, Orange, Richmond, Rutherford, Stanly, Wake)
Matelea obliqua
Climbing Milkvine
M: dry, rocky woodlands over calcareous rocks (Madison)
Meehania cordata
Meehania
SR-P
SR-P
S1 G4?
S2 G5
M: cove forests, boulderfields (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Haywood, Madison, Watauga, Wilkes,
Yancey)
Melica nitens
Three-flowered Melic
M: open calcareous woods (Madison)
Menyanthes trifoliata
Buckbean
M: bogs (Alleghany*, Watauga)
Micranthes caroliniana
Carolina Saxifrage
E
T
SR-T
S1 G5
S1 G5
S3 G3
MP: high to middle elevation moist cliffs and rock outcrops (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga)
Micranthes pensylvanica
Swamp Saxifrage
MP: bogs, seeps (Wake*, Watauga)
Micropolypodium nimbatum
West Indian Dwarf Polypody
M: spray zone behind waterfalls (Macon)
Milium effusum var. cisatlanticum
Millet-grass
M: high elevation forests or openings (Swain)
Minuartia godfreyi
Godfrey's Sandwort
T: tidal freshwater marshes (Craven, Jones*)
E
T
SR-P
E FSC
S1 G5
S1 G4?
S1 G5T5
S1 G1
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
43
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Mnesithea cylindrica
Carolina Jointgrass
P: open woodlands and roadsides (Anson*, Union)
Monarda media
Purple Bee-balm
M: grassy balds (Avery, Graham, Jackson)
Mononeuria groenlandica
Greenland Sandwort
N.C.
SC-H
SR-P
T
U.S. N.C.
SH
S1?
S2
Global
G4G5
G4?
G5
MP: high elevation and low elevation rocky summits (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Caldwell,
Henderson, McDowell, Mitchell, Stokes, Surry, Wilkes)
Mononeuria uniflora
Single-flowered Sandwort
P: granite flatrocks (Anson, Rowan*, Rutherford)
Monotropsis odorata
Sweet Pinesap
E
SC-V
S1 G4
S3 G3
PM: dry forests and bluffs (Alamance*, Alleghany*, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba,
Chatham, Cherokee, Clay, Cleveland, Durham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, McDowell,
Mecklenburg, Orange, Person*, Polk, Randolph, Rutherford, Stokes, Swain*, Transylvania, Wake*,
Yancey)
Muhlenbergia glabriflora
Clay-pan Muhly
P: clay soils (Durham*)
Muhlenbergia glomerata
Spiked Muhly
M: olivine barrens, fens, mafic cliffs (Ashe, Avery, Clay)
Muhlenbergia sobolifera
Rock Muhly
SR-P
SC-V
SC-V
SH G4?
S1 G5
S2 G5
M: dripping cliffs and rocky slopes (Alexander, Ashe, Avery, Jackson, Macon, McDowell*,
Mitchell*, Transylvania*)
Muhlenbergia torreyana
Pinebarren Smokegrass
SC-V S2 G3
CS: cypress savannas (Brunswick, Cumberland, Hoke, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson)
Myrica gale
Sweet Gale
M: bogs (Henderson)
Myriophyllum laxum
Loose Water-milfoil
E S1 G5
E S2 G3
CS: limesink ponds, waters of natural lakes (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland, Hoke,
Onslow)
Myriophyllum pinnatum
Cutleaf Water-milfoil
CS: pools and ditches (Bladen, Brunswick, Currituck*)
SR-T S1 G5
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
44
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Myriophyllum tenellum
Leafless Water-milfoil
C: waters of natural lakes (Bladen, Tyrrell, Washington)
Myriopteris alabamensis
Alabama Lipfern
M: calcareous outcrops (Madison)
Nabalus albus
Northern Rattlesnake-root
N.C.
E
SR-P
T
U.S. N.C.
S1
S1
S2?
Global
G5
G4G5
G5
M: hardwood forests (Ashe, Granville, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jones, McDowell, Mitchell*,
Montgomery, Onslow, Rutherford, Transylvania*)
Narthecium montanum
Appalachian Yellow Asphodel
M: bogs (Henderson*)
Oenothera perennis
Perennial Sundrops
SC-H
SC-V
SX GX
S2 G5
MPC: wet meadows and bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Burke, Cabarrus, Clay, Hertford*,
Iredell*, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Transylvania, Tyrrell*, Watauga)
Oenothera riparia
Riverbank Evening-primrose
SR-L S2S3 G2G3
C: tidal marshes (Brunswick, Dare, New Hanover, Pender, Tyrrell)
Oldenlandia boscii
Bosc's Bluet
E S2 G5
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Hoke, Robeson, Scotland)
Oplismenus setarius
Shortleaf Basket Grass
SR-P S1 G5T5
TC: maritime forests, bottomlands (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Onslow, Pender,
Washington)
Orbexilum macrophyllum
Bigleaf Scurfpea
M: low mountain forests or outcrops? (Polk*)
Orbexilum onobrychis
Lanceleaf Scurfpea
M: habitat in North Carolina not known (Haywood*)
Orbexilum pedunculatum
Sampson's Snakeroot
SC-H
SC-H
SR-P
FSC SX GX
SH G5
S1 G5
MP: Open woodlands (Cherokee, Durham*, Orange*, Transylvania*)
Oreojuncus trifidus
Highland Rush
SR-D S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits (Alleghany, Ashe, Buncombe, Cumberland, Mitchell)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
45
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Orthochilus ecristatus
Spiked Medusa
N.C.
E
U.S. N.C.
S1
Global
G2G3
C: Mesic pinelands with blackjack oak, sandhills, and dry-mesic to mesic longleaf pinelands.
(Bladen*, Cumberland*, Hoke, New Hanover, Sampson*)
Oxalis macrantha
Sadie Price's Yellow Wood Sorrel
P: Rich woodlands (Stanly*)
Oxypolis canbyi
Canby's Dropwort
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Scotland)
Pachysandra procumbens
Allegheny Spurge
P: cove forests (Polk)
Packera crawfordii
Bog Ragwort
SR-D
E E
E
SR-T
SH G3G5
S1 G2
S1 G4G5
S1 G2G3
CM: bogs, fens, and wet savannas (Onslow, Pender, Watauga, Yancey)
Packera millefolium
Divided-leaf Ragwort
T FSC S2 G3
M: granitic domes, other outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, McDowell,
Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania)
Packera paupercula var. appalachiana
Prairie Ragwort
T S1 G5TNR
M: mafic and calcareous glades, rock outcrops, and cliffs (Ashe, Clay, Madison)
Packera paupercula var. paupercula
Balsam Ragwort
SR-P S1? G5
PMC: fens, bogs, and diabase glades (Avery*, Burke, Caldwell*, Clay, Granville, McDowell,
Nash*, Rutherford, Transylvania*, Watauga*)
Packera schweinitziana
Schweinitz's Ragwort
T S2 G5?
M: grassy balds (Avery, Buncombe, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
Packera serpenticola
Buck Creek Ragwort
M: Serpentine barrens (Clay)
Panicum dichotomiflorum var. puritanorum
Puritan Panic Grass
SR-L
SR-P
S1 G1
S1 G5T4
C: wet sands and peats of seasonally exposed pond and lake shores. (Onslow, Pender)
Panicum flexile
Wiry Panic Grass
T S1 G5
PM: glades and openings over mafic rocks (Ashe*, Durham, Granville, Henderson, Orange*)
Panicum lithophilum
Flatrock Panic Grass
MP: soil islands on granite flatrocks (Anson)
SR-T S1 G2G3Q
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
46
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Parietaria praetermissa
Large-seed Pellitory
N.C.
SC-V
U.S. N.C.
S1
Global
G3G4
TC: shell middens, disturbed sites, maritime forests (Brunswick*, Carteret, Hyde, New Hanover*,
Onslow)
Parnassia caroliniana
Carolina Grass-of-Parnassus
T FSC S2 G3
CS: wet savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee*, Onslow,
Pender, Scotland)
Parnassia grandifolia
Large-leaved Grass-of-parnassus
T FSC S2 G3
MCP: fens and seeps over calcareous or mafic rocks (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Brunswick,
Buncombe*, Clay, Columbus, Haywood, Macon, McDowell, Pender, Transylvania, Watauga)
Paronychia herniarioides
Michaux's Whitlow-wort
S: sandhills (Scotland)
Parthenium auriculatum
Glade Wild Quinine
E
SR-T
S1 G2G4
S3 G3G4
PM: glades and openings over mafic rocks (Alexander, Burke, Caswell, Durham, Franklin,
Granville, Guilford*, Macon*, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Orange, Person, Rockingham*,
Rutherford, Stanly, Warren*)
Parthenocissus vitacea
Woodbine
M: Rich alluvial forests (Polk)
Paspalum dissectum
Mudbank Crown Grass
SR-P
E
S1 G5
S2 G4?
CTP: mudflats, other open wet areas (Brunswick, Columbus, Craven, Moore, Onslow, Pender,
Scotland, Union*)
Paspalum fluitans
Horsetail Crown Grass
SR-P S1 G5
CP: drawdown riverbanks and seepage areas in swamp forests (Bertie*, Bladen*, Chatham*,
Harnett, Johnston, Martin*, Northampton*, Wake)
Paspalum vaginatum
Seashore Crown Grass
SR-P S1S2 G5
CPT: brackish marshes, low wet places (Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Onslow, Tyrrell)
Pedicularis lanceolata
Swamp Lousewort
T S1 G5
M: bottomlands, swampy woods (Buncombe*, Cherokee*, Clay, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon*,
Watauga*)
Pellaea wrightiana
Wright's Cliff-brake
E S1 G5
P: rock outcrops, mafic or with nutrient-rich seepage (Alexander, Stanly, Union)
Scientific Name
Common Name
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Status Rank
N.C. U.S. N.C. Global
47
Peltandra sagittifolia
Spoonflower
SR-P S2S3 G3G4
C: pocosins, other wet, peaty sites (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Craven, Dare, Jones, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Persicaria amphibia
Water Smartweed
MPC: marshes (Beaufort*)
Persicaria hirsuta
Hairy Smartweed
SR-P
E
S1 G5
S1 G3G4
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, drawdown zones of blackwater riverbanks (Bladen,
Brunswick, Carteret*, Onslow*, Richmond, Scotland)
Phacelia covillei
Buttercup Phacelia
SR-T FSC S3 G3
PC: bottomlands, rich lower slopes (Alamance, Caswell, Chatham, Franklin, Harnett, Lee, Moore,
Orange, Vance)
Phacelia maculata
Spotted Phacelia
P: granite flatrocks and creek bottomlands (Cleveland)
Phanopyrum gymnocarpon
Swamp Panic Grass
E
SR-O
S1 G3G4
S1 G5
C: tidal and blackwater cypress-gum swamps (Bertie, Bladen, Columbus, Martin, Pender, Robeson)
Phegopteris connectilis
Northern Beech Fern
E S2 G5
M: spray zone of waterfalls, spruce-fir forests, high elevation seepage bogs (Buncombe, Haywood,
Jackson, Macon, Swain*, Transylvania)
Phemeranthus piedmontanus
Piedmont Fameflower
SR-L FSC S1 G1
P: shallow soil over mafic rock, where periodically wet by seepage (Granville)
Phlox subulata
Moss Pink
SR-P S1 G5
M: outcrops and glades, especially over mafic rocks (Ashe, Buncombe, Jackson*, Macon*,
Madison, Yancey)
Pinguicula lutea
Yellow Butterwort
SR-P S2 G4G5
C: savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, Pender)
Pinguicula pumila
Small Butterwort
E S2 G4
C: savannas (Brunswick*, Carteret, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Pityopsis graminifolia var. graminifolia
A Silkgrass
E S1 G5T4
C: savannas, pine flatwoods, sandy roadsides (Brunswick, Columbus)
Scientific Name
Common Name
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Status Rank
N.C. U.S. N.C. Global
48
Plantago cordata
Heart-leaf Plantain
E S1 G4
P: beds of small, slate-bottomed, perennial streams (Davidson)
Plantago sparsiflora
Pineland Plantain
T FSC S1S2 G3
C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Platanthera flava var. herbiola
Northern Rein Orchid
SR-P S1? G4?T4Q
M: bogs and moist forests (Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee, Clay*, Forsyth*, Graham*, Haywood,
Jackson*, Macon, Mitchell, Swain*, Transylvania, Watauga)
Platanthera grandiflora
Large Purple-fringed Orchid
T S2 G5
M: bogs, seeps, grassy balds, high elevation moist forests and banks (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery,
Buncombe, Clay, Haywood*, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania*, Watauga,
Yancey)
Platanthera integra
Yellow Fringeless Orchid
SC-V S2 G3G4
CMP: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Cherokee*, Columbus, Craven, Forsyth*, Henderson*, Jones,
Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender, Robeson*, Rowan*)
Platanthera integrilabia
White Fringeless Orchid
M: bogs (Cherokee*, Henderson*)
Platanthera nivea
Snowy Orchid
SC-H C
T
SH G2G3
S1 G5
C: wet savannas (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus*, Craven, Dare*, Hoke*, New
Hanover, Pender, Robeson*)
Platanthera peramoena
Purple Fringeless Orchid
T S2 G5
MP: bogs, forests (Buncombe*, Burke*, Caldwell*, Clay*, Durham, Forsyth, Franklin, Graham,
Guilford, Haywood, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*, Orange, Swain*, Transylvania,
Warren, Watauga, Yancey*)
Platanthera shriveri
Shriver's Purple Fringed Orchid
M: damp, open woods, often along seeps (Watauga*)
Poa paludigena
Bog Bluegrass
M: bogs (Ashe, Avery, Watauga)
Poa palustris
Swamp Bluegrass
SR-T
SR-T
SR-P
FSC SH G1
S1 G3
S1 G5
M: spruce-fir forests, grassy balds (Ashe, Avery, Haywood*, Henderson*, Macon, Mitchell, Polk*,
Swain, Yancey*)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
49
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Poa saltuensis
A Bluegrass
M: olivine barrens (Clay, Haywood)
Polemonium reptans var. reptans
Jacob's Ladder
N.C.
T
T
U.S. N.C.
S1
S1
Global
G5
G5T5
PM: moist, nutrient-rich forests such as bottomlands and rich slopes (Ashe, Iredell, Rockingham,
Stokes*, Watauga*)
Polygala hookeri
Hooker's Milkwort
SC-V S2S3 G3
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Polygala nana
Dwarf Milkwort
M: habitat in North Carolina not known (Buncombe*)
Polygala senega
Seneca Snakeroot
SR-D
SR-D
SH G5
S2 G4G5
MP: woodlands and in thin soil around outcrops, usually over mafic or calcareous rocks (Ashe,
McDowell, Stanly, Transylvania, Wake)
Polygonella articulata
Coast Jointweed
C: sandhills (Gates*)
Polygonum glaucum
Seabeach Knotweed
SC-H
E
SH G5
S1 G3
T: ocean and sound beaches (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover*)
Ponthieva racemosa
Shadow-witch
T S2 G4G5
C: blackwater forests and swamps, especially over marl (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven,
Jones, Onslow, Pender)
Portulaca smallii
Small's Portulaca
T S2 G3
P: granite flatrocks and diabase glades (Cabarrus, Forsyth, Franklin, Granville, Rowan, Wake)
Potamogeton amplifolius
Largeleaf Pondweed
C: submersed in blackwater streams (Brunswick, Craven*)
Potamogeton confervoides
Conferva Pondweed
SR-D
SR-D
S1 G5
S2 G4
SC: beaverponds and old millponds on blackwater creeks (Craven, Cumberland, Gates*, Harnett,
Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland)
Potamogeton illinoensis
Illinois Pondweed
SR-D S1 G5
C: alkaline waters of streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds (Brunswick*, Dare)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
50
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Potamogeton natans
Floating Pondweed
M: lakes and artificial impoundments (Buncombe*)
Potamogeton nodosus
American Pondweed
N.C.
SR-D
SR-D
U.S. N.C.
SH
SH
Global
G5
G5
CMP: ponds and streams with moderate to high PH (Carteret*, Haywood*, Perquimans*, Vance*)
Primula meadia
Shooting-star
T S2S3 G5
MP: mafic cliffs, dry coniferous woodlands, and associated nutrient-rich alluvial forests (Anson,
Buncombe, Davidson*, Forsyth*, Haywood, Henderson, Iredell*, Jackson, Macon, Mecklenburg*,
Montgomery, Orange*, Rutherford, Stanly, Union, Watauga*)
Prunus alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis
Allegheny Plum
M: Dry rocky woodlands (McDowell, Rutherford)
Prunus susquehanae
Susquehanna Cherry
MP: rocky forests (Durham*)
Pseudognaphalium helleri
Heller's Rabbit-Tobacco
SR-T
SR-P
SR-P
S1 G4T4
SH G5T4T5
S3 G4G5T3T4
PS: dry woodlands, openings, and glades, especially over mafic rocks (Anson*, Cabarrus, Davidson,
Davie*, Forsyth*, Franklin*, Gaston, Granville, Guilford*, Halifax*, Hoke, Iredell*, Mecklenburg,
Montgomery, Northampton*, Orange*, Person*, Richmond*, Rowan*, Scotland*, Union, Wake)
Pseudognaphalium micradenium
Small Rabbit-Tobacco
SR-T S1 G4G5T3?
P: dry woodlands (Caswell, Durham*, Granville*, Person, Stokes*, Vance)
Ptilimnium ahlesii
Carolina Bishopweed
C: tidal freshwater marshes (Brunswick, New Hanover)
Ptilimnium costatum
Ribbed Bishop-weed
CT: tidal swamps or marshes (New Hanover)
Ptilimnium nodosum
Harperella
P: rocky riverbeds (Chatham, Granville, Lee)
Pycnanthemum curvipes
Tennessee Mountain-mint
SR-T
T
E
SR-T
FSC
E
S1 G1
S1 GNR
S1 G2
S1 G3
M: dry rocky woodlands and rock outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood, Madison)
Pycnanthemum setosum
Awned Mountain-mint
SR-T S2 G4
C: blackwater swamps (Brunswick, Columbus, Craven, Gates, Jones, Pender, Tyrrell)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
51
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Pycnanthemum torreyi
Torrey's Mountain-mint
N.C.
SR-T
U.S.
FSC
N.C.
S1
Global
G2
PM: dry upland forests and woodlands, over mafic rocks (Alexander*, Ashe*, Caswell, Cleveland*,
Gaston*, Granville*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Orange, Person*, Wilkes*)
Pycnanthemum virginianum
Virginia Mountain-mint
SR-P S1? G5
CMP: forests, woodland borders, bogs (Alleghany, Brunswick, Caswell, Henderson, Wake)
Pyrola elliptica
Elliptic Shinleaf
M: moist forests (Ashe, Watauga*)
Pyxidanthera brevifolia
Sandhills Pyxie-moss
E
SR-L FSC
S1 G5
S3 G3
S: sandhills (Brunswick*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore)
Quercus austrina
Bluff Oak
SR-P S1 G4?
CP: bluff and bottomland forests over circumneutral soil (Anson, Craven, Johnston*, Montgomery,
Richmond, Sampson)
Quercus elliottii
Running Oak
SR-P S2 G3G5
CP: mesic pine flatwoods and dry, silty sites (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Duplin*, New
Hanover*, Pender*, Robeson)
Quercus georgiana
Georgia Oak
P: dry slopes and bluffs (Rutherford)
Quercus ilicifolia
Bear Oak
SR-P
E
S1 G3
S2 G5
P: dry summits and rocky woods on Piedmont monadnocks (Alleghany, Burke, Gaston, Stokes,
Surry, Wilkes)
Quercus minima
Dwarf Live Oak
SR-P S1 G5
C: pine flatwoods, coastal fringe sandhills (Bladen, Carteret, New Hanover)
Quercus prinoides
Dwarf Chinquapin Oak
E S1 G5
PM: dry, rocky slopes (Caldwell, Caswell, Cleveland*, Gaston*, Guilford*, Iredell*, Jackson*,
Polk*, Rowan, Rutherford, Stanly*)
Ranunculus ambigens
Water-plantain Spearwort
CP: open wet areas (Bertie*, Orange*, Perquimans*)
Ranunculus fascicularis
Thick-root Buttercup
MP: serpentine and diabase barrens (Clay)
SC-H
SR-P
SH G4
S1 G5
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
52
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Ranunculus flabellaris
Yellow Water-crowfoot
C: pools in blackwater swamps (Bertie, Edgecombe*, Gates*)
Ranunculus hederaceus
Ivy Buttercup
C: marshes (Currituck*, Onslow)
Ranunculus micranthus
Rock Buttercup
N.C.
SC-H
E
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S1
S1
S1
Global
G5
G5
G5
P: rich woods on circumneutral soil (Caswell, Durham, Person*)
Rhexia aristosa
Awned Meadow-beauty
SC-V S3 G3G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays and limesink ponds (Bladen, Brunswick*, Cumberland*, Hoke,
Onslow, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland)
Rhodiola rosea
Roseroot
E SH G5
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe*, Avery*, Caldwell*, Mitchell*, Watauga*, Yancey*)
Rhododendron cumberlandense
Cumberland Azalea
SR-P S1 G4?
M: grassy or shrub balds (Graham*, Haywood*, Jackson, Macon, Swain, Transylvania)
Rhododendron prinophyllum
Election Pink
M: high elevation forests (Ashe)
Rhododendron vaseyi
Pink-shell Azalea
T
SR-L
S1 G5
S3 G3
M: high elevation oak forests, heath balds, spruce-fir forests, and rocky areas (Avery, Buncombe,
Caldwell, Haywood, Jackson, Macon*, McDowell, Mitchell*, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Rhus michauxii
Michaux's Sumac
E E S2 G2G3
SCP: sandhills, sandy forests, woodland, woodland edges (Cumberland, Davie, Durham, Franklin,
Hoke, Johnston*, Lincoln*, Mecklenburg, Moore, Nash, Orange*, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland,
Union*, Wake, Wilson*)
Rhynchospora alba
Northern White Beaksedge
SR-P S2 G5
MCS: fens, bogs, pocosin openings, limesink ponds (Alleghany, Ashe, Bladen, Brunswick, Craven,
Cumberland*, Currituck, Dare, Mitchell, Pender*, Rutherford, Tyrrell, Watauga, Yancey)
Rhynchospora crinipes T
Alabama Beaksedge
S: seepy banks of blackwater rivers (Hoke, Moore)
Rhynchospora decurrens T
Swamp Forest Beaksedge
C: swamp forests (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
FSC S1
S1S2
G2G3
G3G4
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
53
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Rhynchospora divergens
White-seeded Beaksedge
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Rhynchospora galeana
Short-bristled Beaksedge
N.C.
SR-P
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S2
S2S3
Global
G4
G3G4
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Onslow, Pender)
Rhynchospora harperi
Harper's Beaksedge
SC-V S2 G4?
C: limesink ponds and cypress savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow)
Rhynchospora macra
Southern White Beaksedge
T S2 G3
S: sandhill seeps, blackwater impoundments, streamhead pocosins (Carteret, Cumberland, Harnett,
Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland)
Rhynchospora microcarpa
Southern Beaksedge
SR-P S2 G5
CTP: maritime wet grasslands, clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds, swamp forests
(Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Dare, Pender)
Rhynchospora odorata
Fragrant Beaksedge
SC-V S1 G4
T: maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick*, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Pender*)
Rhynchospora pinetorum
Small's Beaksedge
SR-T S2 G5?T3?
C: wet savannas, maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Rhynchospora pleiantha
Coastal Beaksedge
T FSC S2 G2G3
C: limesink ponds (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow)
Rhynchospora thornei
Thorne's Beaksedge
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Onslow, Pender)
Rhynchospora tracyi
Tracy's Beaksedge
SC-V
T
FSC S2 G3
S2 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds (Brunswick, New Hanover, Onslow, Scotland)
Robinia hartwigii
Hartweg's Locust
M: high elevation granitic domes (Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*)
Robinia hispida var. fertilis
Fruitful Locust
SR-L
SR-O
FSC S1S2
S1
G3T2
G4T1Q
M: acidic cove forests, northern hardwoods forests, high elevation granitic domes (Alleghany,
Avery, Burke*, Graham*, Haywood, Jackson, Macon*, McDowell*, Stokes, Swain, Wilkes)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
54
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Robinia hispida var. kelseyi
Kelsey's Locust
N.C.
SR-O
U.S. N.C.
S1
Global
G4T1
M: high elevation red oak forests, dry rocky woods (Buncombe*, Burke*, Haywood, Henderson,
Madison, Transylvania*)
Robinia viscosa
Clammy Locust
SR-T S1 G3
MP: open woods (Catawba*, Jackson*, Rutherford, Transylvania)
Rosa virginiana
Virginia Rose
M: moist to dry forests and woodlands (Ashe*, Buncombe*)
Rubus dalibarda
Robin Runaway
SR-P
E
SH G5
S2 G5
M: bogs and moist woods under rhododendrons (Alleghany, Ashe, Transylvania)
Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus
Red Raspberry
T S2? G5T5
M: high elevation spruce-fir forests and openings (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Swain, Yancey)
Rudbeckia heliopsidis
Sun-facing Coneflower
E FSC S1 G2
C: moist pine flatwoods and woodland borders (Harnett, Moore)
Rudbeckia triloba var. beadlei
Chauncey's Coneflower
M: mafic cliffs (Buncombe, Graham, Madison, Swain)
Ruellia ciliosa var. ciliosa
Sandhills Wild-petunia
SR-T
T
S1 G5TNR
S2 G5T3T5
S: sandhills, especially in loamy, submesic swales (Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Scotland)
Ruellia humilis
Low Wild-petunia
P: diabase glades (Durham, Granville, Stanly, Wake)
Ruellia purshiana
Pursh's Wild-petunia
E
SC-V
S1 G5
S2 G3
PM: glades and woodlands, mostly over mafic or calcareous rocks (Alamance, Caswell, Cleveland,
Davidson, Durham, Forsyth*, Gaston, Granville, Madison, Montgomery, Orange, Randolph*,
Rutherford*, Stanly, Wake*)
Ruellia strepens
Limestone Wild-petunia
C: low woods over marl (Bertie, Pender, Richmond)
Rugelia nudicaulis
Rugel's Ragwort
M: spruce-fir forests (Haywood, Swain)
Sabal palmetto
Cabbage Palm
E
SR-L
T
FSC
S1 G4G5
S3 G3
S1 G5
TC: maritime forests on the southeastern coast (Brunswick, Carteret*, Dare, New Hanover)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
55
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Sabatia kennedyana
Plymouth Gentian
N.C.
T
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G3
C: drawdown zones on banks of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus)
Sageretia minutiflora T
Small-flowered Buckthorn
C: shell middens (Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Sagittaria chapmanii E
Chapman's Arrowhead
C: limesink ponds (Bladen, Carteret, Columbus, Onslow)
Sagittaria fasciculata E E
Bunched Arrowhead
S1 G4
S1 G5T3?
S1 G2
M: bogs and mountain swamp forests (Buncombe*, Henderson)
Sagittaria filiformis
Water Arrowhead
SR-P SH G4G5
C: blackwater streams, rivers, and lakes (Bladen, Columbus*, Craven*, Pender, Wilson*)
Sagittaria isoetiformis
Quillwort Arrowhead
T S2 G4?
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, beaver ponds, natural lakes (Bladen, Brunswick*,
Columbus, Cumberland, Hoke, New Hanover, Sampson, Scotland, Washington)
Sagittaria macrocarpa
Streamhead Sagittaria
T FSC S2 G5T2
S: shoreline of blackwater stream impoundment (Hoke, Moore)
Sagittaria weatherbiana
Grassleaf Arrowhead
E S2 G5T3T4
C: fresh to slightly brackish marshes, streams, swamps, and pond margins (Beaufort*, Bladen*,
Brunswick*, Columbus, Craven, Currituck*, Duplin, Gates*, Hyde*, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pasquotank*, Pender, Pitt*, Sampson*, Wake*)
Salvia azurea
Azure Sage
SR-P S2 G4G5
SC: sandhills (Anson, Hoke, New Hanover*, Richmond, Scotland)
Sarracenia jonesii
Mountain Sweet Pitcher Plant
M: bogs (Buncombe, Henderson, Transylvania)
Sarracenia minor var. minor
Hooded Pitcherplant
C: savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover)
Sarracenia oreophila
Green Pitcher Plant
M: seepage bogs (Clay)
Sarracenia purpurea var. montana
Southern Appalachian Purple Pitcherplant
E
E
E
SR-L
E
E
FSC
S1
S2
S1
S1S2
G4T2
G4T4
G2
G5T1T3
M: mountain bogs, seepage bogs (Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Transylvania)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
56
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Sceptridium jenmanii
Alabama Grape-fern
N.C.
SC-V
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G3G4
MP: moist woods (Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee, Clay*, Davie*, Granville, Iredell*, Jackson*,
McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Rockingham*, Rutherford, Stokes*, Transylvania*)
Sceptridium lunarioides
Winter Grape-fern
P: dry pine woods (Davie*)
Sceptridium multifidum
Leathery Grape-fern
M: grassy balds (Alleghany, Avery, Mitchell)
Sceptridium oneidense
Blunt-lobed Grape-fern
SR-P
SR-P
SR-P
SH G4?
S1 G5
S2 G4
MP: cove forests, bogs (Avery*, Buncombe*, Burke, Forsyth*, Haywood*, Jackson, Macon,
McDowell, Mitchell*, Rutherford, Yancey*)
Schisandra glabra
Magnolia Vine
CP: rich slopes and floodplain islands (Gaston, Martin)
Schoenoplectus acutus
Hardstem Bulrush
C: natural lakes (Carteret*, Craven*, Hyde*)
Schoenoplectus etuberculatus
Canby's Bulrush
T
SR-P
SR-P
S1 G3
SH G5
S3 G3G4
CS: blackwater creeks (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Dare*,
Harnett, Hoke, Hyde*, Johnston*, Moore, Onslow, Pender*, Randolph*, Richmond, Scotland,
Wayne*)
Schwalbea americana
Chaffseed
E E S2 G2G3
SC: savannas and moist to dryish pinelands with frequent fire (Bladen, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore*,
Pender*, Scotland)
Scirpus divaricatus
Spreading Bulrush
C: swamp forests (Bladen, Duplin)
Scirpus flaccidifolius
Reclining Bulrush
C: swamp forests (Northampton)
Scirpus lineatus
Drooping Bulrush
SR-O
E
T
FSC
S2? G5
S1 G2
S2 G4
C: low rich woods over marl (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Scirpus pendulus
Rufous Bulrush
SR-O S1 G5
PC: wet places over mafic rocks (Cabarrus, Carteret, Durham*, Granville, Onslow)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
57
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Scleria baldwinii
Baldwin's Nutrush
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Pender)
Scleria bellii
Smooth-seeded Hairy Nutrush
N.C.
T
SR-L
U.S.
FSC
N.C.
S2
S1
Global
G4
G2G3
C: pine savannas over limestone, diabase glades (Granville*, Onslow, Pender)
Scleria reticularis
Netted Nutrush
T S2 G4
CS: clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds (Brunswick, Cumberland, Hoke, New Hanover,
Onslow, Sampson, Scotland)
Scleria verticillata
Savanna Nutrush
SR-P S2 G5
TC: calcareous wet savannas, maritime wet grasslands influenced by shell deposits (Brunswick*,
Carteret, Columbus, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender, Tyrrell)
Sclerolepis uniflora
One-flower Hardscale
SR-T S2 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays, blackwater river foodplains, limesink ponds (Brunswick, Columbus,
Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover*, Robeson, Sampson*, Scotland)
Scrophularia lanceolata
American Figwort
P: woodlands and forests (Guilford)
Scutellaria australis
Southern Skullcap
SR-P
E
S1 G5
S1 G4T4?
PS: alluvial forests (Anson*, Granville, Johnston*, Lee*, Orange*, Richmond*, Wake*)
Scutellaria galericulata
Hooded Skullcap
M: spring-fed seepage (Buncombe*)
Scutellaria leonardii
Shale-barren Skullcap
P: diabase glades (Durham, Granville, Moore, Orange)
Scutellaria nervosa
Veined Skullcap
SC-H
E
E
SH G5
S2 G4T4
S1 G5
P: alluvial forests (Chatham*, Durham*, Granville, Halifax, Jackson*, Northampton, Person, Wake,
Warren*)
Scutellaria ovata ssp. rugosa var. 1
Appalachian Skullcap
SR-T S1 G1?Q
M: rocky forests, boulderfields (Buncombe, Madison, Rutherford)
Scutellaria saxatilis
Rock Skullcap
SR-T S1 G3
MP: northern hardwoods forests, rocky woodlands (Alleghany, Ashe, Cherokee, Graham, Mitchell,
Watauga*, Yancey)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
58
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Sedum glaucophyllum
Cliff Stonecrop
N.C.
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G4
PM: rock outcrops, mainly calcareous or mafic (Jackson, Macon, Montgomery, Rockingham,
Stokes)
Sedum pusillum
Puck's Orpine
P: granite flatrocks (Anson)
Senecio suaveolens
Sweet Indian-plantain
E
SC-H
S1 G3
S1 G4
M: bottomlands (Buncombe*, Henderson, Macon, Transylvania*)
Sesuvium maritimum
Slender Sea-purslane
T: seabeaches, marshes (Brunswick, Dare, New Hanover)
Sesuvium portulacastrum
Shoreline Sea-purslane
SR-O
SR-P
S1? G5
S1 G5
T: seabeaches (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, New Hanover, Onslow)
Seymeria pectinata
Sticky Afzelia
C: disturbed habitats (Brunswick*, Columbus*)
Shortia galacifolia var. brevistyla
Northern Oconee Bells
SC-H
E FSC
SH G4G5
S2 G3T2
M: streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in humid gorges (McDowell)
Shortia galacifolia var. galacifolia
Southern Oconee Bells
SC-V FSC S2 G3T2T3
M: streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in humid gorges (Jackson*, Macon, Swain*, Transylvania)
Sida elliottii var. elliottii
Coastal Plain Sida
P: stream banks, sandy woodlands (Iredell)
Sideroxylon tenax
Tough Bumelia
T: maritime forests and scrub (Brunswick, New Hanover)
Silene ovata
Mountain Catchfly
SR-P
T
SC-V
FSC
S1 G4G5TNR
S1 G3?
S3 G3
M: rich slopes, cove forests, montane oak-hickory forests (Buncombe, Cherokee, Graham,
Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Rutherford*, Swain, Yancey)
Silphium connatum
Virginia Cup-plant
SC-V S2 G5T3T4
MP: floodplains, rich alluvial woods (Alleghany, Ashe, Iredell, Rockingham, Stokes, Surry, Yadkin)
Silphium perfoliatum
Northern Cup-plant
T S1 G5
PM: floodplains (Alleghany, Ashe, Cabarrus, Forsyth, Iredell*, Mecklenburg, Stokes, Surry)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
59
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Silphium terebinthinaceum
Prairie Dock
N.C.
SR-P
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G4G5
P: diabase glades, other open or semi-open sites over mafic rock (Cabarrus, Davie, Durham,
Granville, Mecklenburg, Person, Stanly, Union, Wake*)
Sisyrinchium dichotomum
White Irisette
E E S2 G2
M: thin woods, especially over amphibolite, in the escarpment region (Burke, Henderson, Polk,
Rutherford)
Smilax hugeri
Huger's Carrion-flower
SR-P S2 G4
MP: deciduous forests (Anson, Clay, Cumberland, Graham, Macon, Montgomery, Richmond,
Swain)
Smilax lasioneura
Blue Ridge Carrion-flower
SR-P S1 G5
MP: oak-hickory forests over mafic rocks (Guilford*, Henderson, McDowell, Polk, Rutherford)
Solanum pseudogracile
Graceful Nightshade
SR-T S1 GNR
T: dunes (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pamlico)
Solidago leavenworthii
Leavenworth's Goldenrod
T S1 G3G4
C: savannas, pocosin borders, clay-based Carolina bays, peaty seeps (Carteret*, Columbus,
Robeson, Sampson, Scotland*)
Solidago plumosa
Yadkin River Goldenrod
P: riverside rocks (Montgomery, Stanly)
Solidago ptarmicoides
Prairie Goldenrod
P: diabase glades (Granville, Rowan*)
Solidago radula
Western Rough Goldenrod
T FSC
E
E
S1 G1
S1 G5
S1 G5?
P: dry woodlands over mafic rocks (Montgomery, Stanly, Wake*)
Solidago rigida var. glabrata
Southeastern Bold Goldenrod
SR-P S2 G5T4
P: diabase glades, other open sites over mafic rock (Cabarrus, Durham, Granville, Mecklenburg*,
Person, Rockingham, Union)
Solidago rigida var. rigida
Prairie Bold Goldenrod
T S1 G5T5
M: forest openings, presumably on mafic or calcareous rocks (Buncombe*, Haywood*, Macon,
Madison*, McDowell)
Solidago simulans
Granite Dome Goldenrod
SR-L FSC S2 G2
M: high and low elevation granitic domes south of the Asheville Basin (Buncombe, Graham,
Jackson, Macon, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
60
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Solidago spithamaea
Blue Ridge Goldenrod
N.C.
T
U.S.
T
N.C.
S2
Global
G2
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Mitchell, Watauga)
Solidago squarrosa
Squarrose Goldenrod
SR-P S1 G4?
M: moist forests at high elevations (Buncombe*, Jackson, Watauga)
Solidago tortifolia
Twisted-leaf Goldenrod
E S1 G4G5
CS: dry savannas and and mesic flats (Bladen, Brunswick*, Hoke, Jones*, New Hanover*, Pender,
Robeson*, Scotland*)
Solidago uliginosa var. uliginosa
Bog Goldenrod
SR-P S1S2 G4G5T4T5
MSP: bogs, seeps (Ashe, Clay*, Haywood, Macon*, Madison*, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Solidago ulmifolia
Elm-leaf Goldenrod
SR-D S1? G5
PM: wooded stream banks (Burke, Durham*, Jackson, McDowell, Rockingham, Rutherford)
Solidago verna
Spring-flowering Goldenrod
SR-O S3 G3
CS: mesic to moist pinelands, pocosin ecotones (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven,
Cumberland, Duplin, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston, Jones, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico,
Pender, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland)
Solidago villosicarpa
Coastal Goldenrod
E FSC S1 G1
C: edges and openings in maritime upland forests (Brunswick, Craven, Dare, New Hanover*,
Onslow, Pender)
Sparganium emersum
Greenfruit Bur-reed
M: pondshores (Avery, Jackson*, Macon, Watauga)
Spartina pectinata
Freshwater Cordgrass
T
SC-V
S1 G5
S1 G5
MCS: freshwater marshes, spray zones of waterfalls, other moist sites (Alleghany, Ashe, Chowan*,
Mitchell*, Montgomery*, Pasquotank, Transylvania)
Spigelia marilandica
Pink-root
M: open woods (Cherokee)
Spiraea corymbosa
Shinyleaf Meadowsweet
T S1
E S1
G4
G5T4?
P: open woods, thin soil over rock (Alexander, Alleghany, Catawba, Stokes)
Spiraea virginiana
Virginia Spiraea
T T S2 G2
M: riverbanks (Ashe, Buncombe, Graham, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey)
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
61
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Spiranthes eatonii
Eaton's Ladies'-tresses
N.C.
E
U.S. N.C.
S2
Global
G2G4
CS: pine savannas and pine-oak sandhills (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven,
Cumberland*, Moore, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender)
Spiranthes floridana
Florida Ladies'-tresses
C: wet savannas and other moist sites (Brunswick, Pender*)
Spiranthes lacera var. lacera
Northern Slender Ladies'-tresses
M: mountain balds (Clay*, Jackson)
Spiranthes laciniata
Lace-lip Ladies'-tresses
SR-P
E
SC-V
FSC S1 G1
S1 G5T5
S2 G4G5
C: moist wet habitats (Beaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pender)
Spiranthes longilabris E
Giant Spiral Orchid
C: savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Spiranthes lucida E
Shining Ladies'-tresses
M: seepage over amphibolite (Alleghany)
Spiranthes ochroleuca T
Yellow Ladies'-tresses
S1 G3
S1 G4
S1 G4
M: grassy balds, meadows, wooded slopes (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Rutherford,
Watauga, Yancey*)
Sporobolus heterolepis
Prairie Dropseed
M: olivine barrens (Clay, Jackson)
Sporobolus teretifolius
Wireleaf Dropseed
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus)
Sporobolus virginicus
Saltmarsh Dropseed
T: brackish marshes (Brunswick)
Stachys appalachiana
Appalachian Hedge-nettle
T
T
T
SR-L
FSC
S1 G5
S2 G2
S1 G5
S1 GNR
M: fens, usually over mafic or ultramafic rocks (Alleghany, Ashe*, Watauga*)
Stachys cordata
Heartleaf Hedge-nettle
SR-P S1 G5?
M: rich forests, especially over calcareous rock (Madison, Montgomery)
Stachys eplingii
Epling's Hedge-nettle
M: bogs (Burke*, Henderson, Jackson*, Watauga)
SR-T S1 G5
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Rank
62
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Stachys matthewsii
Yadkin Hedge-nettle
N.C.
SR-T
U.S.
FSC
N.C.
S1
Global
G1G2
P: