Natural Heritage Program list of the rare plant species of North Carolina.

              Natural Heritage Program
List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina
2010
Edited by Misty Franklin Buchanan, Botanist
John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Office of Natural Resource Planning and Conservation
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601
NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA
2010 Edition
Edited by Misty Franklin Buchanan, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC,
Raleigh, NC 27699-1601
www.ncnhp.org
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 1
LIST FORMAT ........................................................................................................................................ 3
NORTH CAROLINA PLANT RARE LIST ........................................................................................ 10
WATCH LIST FORMAT ...................................................................................................................... 60
NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST .................................................................................... 62
WATCH CATEGORY 6 (REGIONALLY RARE) ......................................................................................... 96
PLANT TAXA ENDEMIC TO NORTH CAROLINA ....................................................................... 98
POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA PLANTS .................................................................. 99
RARE LIST ADDITIONS FOR 2010 LIST ....................................................................................... 103
WATCH LIST ADDITIONS FOR 2010 LIST ................................................................................... 103
TAXA REMOVED FROM RARE AND WATCH LISTS SINCE 2008 ......................................... 104
NAME CHANGES SINCE 2008 RARE LIST PUBLICATION ...................................................... 105
APPENDIX A – PLANT CONSERVATION PROGRAM PROPOSED LIST OF ENDANGERED,
THREATENED, AND SPECIAL CONCERN SPECIES ................................................................. 106
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES ..................................................................................................... 116
Cover Image: Echinacea laevigata (Smooth Coneflower) and Vanessa virginiensis (American Lady butterfly)
by Dr. Johnny Randall, NC Botanical Garden, UNC
1
This list was originally compiled and published by Alan Weakley in 1991, and it has been revised and
updated over the years by Alan Weakley, Jame Amoroso, and Misty Franklin Buchanan. Special thanks
are given to Richard LeBlond, Harry LeGrand, Suzanne Mason, Shawn Oakley, James Padgett, Ed
Schwartzman, Michael Schafale, Bruce Sorrie, and Alan Weakley for their involvement in the
development of the list, to Paul Davison and Blanka Shaw for assistance with the bryophyte lists, and
Gary Perlmutter for assistance with the lichen list.
The list of people who have assisted in the preparation of the vascular plant list, provided information to
NC NHP on rare species occurrences, or otherwise contributed to our understanding of the rare flora of
the state are too many to mention, but a partial list of recent contributors includes: Moni Bates, Marj
Boyer, Forbes Boyle, Ken Bridle, Dan Brunton, A.J. Bullard, Anne Burroughs, Kevin Caldwell, David
Campbell, Laura Cotterman, David Danley, Jamey Donaldson, David Dumond, Lee Echols, Rob Evans,
Laura Fogo, Mary Frazer, John Fussell, Laura Gadd, Lisa Gaffney, Tom Govus, Janet Gray, Scott
Hartley, Kerry Heafner, Karin Heiman, Dennis Herman, Tom Howard, Claudia Jolls, Dean Kanipe, Gary
Kauffman Josh Kelly, Lisa Kelly, Jay Kranyik, Alexander Krings, Mike Kunz, Karen Lynch, Merrill
Lynch, Jim Matthews, Carol Ann McCormick, Patrick McMillan, William S. Moye, Carl Nordman, Tom
Patrick, Linda Pearsall, Bob Peet, Dan Pittillo, Bert Pittman, Derick Poindexter, Gerald Pottern, Liz
Pullman, Milo Pyne, Johnny Randall, Jerry Reese, Janet Rock, Josh Rose, Mark Rose, Tim Savidge, Dale
Shew, Alan Smith, Matt Smith, Jon Stucky, Dale Suiter, John Taggart, Craig Ten Brink, Mike Turner,
Chris Ulrey, Andy Walker, Wade Wall, Bobby Ward, Allison Weakley, Carolyn Wells, Tom Wentworth,
Peter White, Brenda Wichmann, Donna Wright, Alice Zawadzki, and participants in the N.C. Vegetation
Survey.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2
NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA
BACKGROUND INFORMATION. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NC NHP), as part
of its mission to preserve the biological diversity of North Carolina, maintains an inventory of all known
locations of rare taxa. NC NHP takes the lead role in North Carolina in the inventory of the state's natural
diversity and the identification of important natural areas and rare species habitats. It serves as the state's
data bank of locality information of natural areas and rare and endangered plant and animal species. It
conducts environmental reviews of projects involving state or federal permits or monies, to minimize
negative impacts on North Carolina's natural areas and rare species.
This list incorporates the most recent federal status of rare plants, as determined by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) with amendments to the species list current to 2010. Federally listed species
are protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. The USFWS is the federal agency
responsible for listing and protecting endangered and threatened species.
This list also includes North Carolina legal status information from the most recent version of the NC
Plant Conservation Program (NC PCP) List of North Carolina's Endangered, Threatened and Candidate
Plant Species, which can be found on the website: www.ncplant.com. This website includes discussion
of and information on the legal status of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), and Special Concern (SC)
species. NC PCP, a unit of the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, is the agency
responsible for the listing and protection of North Carolina's endangered and threatened plants, under
provisions of the North Carolina Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979 (General Statutes, Article
19B, 106: 202.12_22), as amended. NC PCP acts under the direction of a Plant Conservation Board and
with the advice of a Scientific Committee to maintain and revise the state lists of protected (Endangered,
Threatened, and Special Concern) plant species, to investigate protection needs and survival requirements
of native plants, to carry out conservation programs, to make and enforce regulations, and to issue permits
concerning protected plants. In general, removal of Endangered or Threatened plants from the wild and
their sale or distribution is illegal. Particular regulations concerning collection, propagation, and sale
apply to those species listed as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern.
All plant taxa native to North Carolina which are officially recognized by federal or state agencies as
protected or otherwise rare are included on this list. NC NHP, NC PCP, and USFWS work cooperatively
to ensure the continued survival of all of North Carolina's rich flora.
Many species which lack formal, legal protection are nonetheless imperiled in North Carolina. Therefore,
NC NHP collects data on species in addition to the three categories of protected plants (Endangered,
Threatened, and Special Concern). These additional rare species are placed in two other categories of rare
plants: Significantly Rare (SR) and Watch List (W). Definitions of all status categories are listed in the
List Format section under "North Carolina Status."
NC NHP requests locality and population data on the species listed in this publication. Plant survey
forms have been provided in the back of this publication for this purpose. For the most up-to-date
information about the range of tracked plants in North Carolina, visit www.ncnhp.org.
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NUMBER OF PLANT TAXA WITH THE INDICATED STATUS1
(as of May 2010)
GROUP
APPROXIMATE
NUMBER IN
NORTH CAROLINA
N.C. STATUS U.S. STATUS
E T SC SR E T C FSC
Flowering Plants 4247 109 46 20 529 17 9 5 99
Mosses 440 5 1 - 122 - - - 3
Liverworts 225 2 - - 62 - - - 7
Hornworts 9 - - - 2 - - - 1
Lichens 944 1 1 - 22 1 - - 2
Total 5774 117 48 20 737 18 9 5 112
LIST FORMAT Species are placed into five groups: Vascular Plants, Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts,
and Lichens. They are listed alphabetically by scientific name within each group. The following
information is presented for each species on the list.
Scientific Name. Taxonomy and nomenclature of vascular plants (dicots, monocots, gymnosperms, ferns,
and fern allies) generally follows Weakley, A. S. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Working
draft of 08 March 2010. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), NC Botanical Garden,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (available online at herbarium.unc.edu).
Scientific authorities for names have been omitted to save space, but follow Weakley (2010 draft) and
J.T. Kartesz’s A Synonymized Checklist and Atlas with Biological Attributes for the Vascular Flora of the
United States, Canada, and Greenland. First Edition. (In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of
the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC. 1999).
Taxonomy and nomenclature of nonvascular plants (mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens) generally
follow Bryophyte Flora of North America, provisional publication, Missouri Botanical Garden (2001),
available at: http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/BFNA/bfnamenu.htm, L.E. Anderson, H.A. Crum, and
W.R. Buck's List of the Mosses of North America North of Mexico (Bryologist 93: 448_499 [1990]),
L.E. Anderson's A Checklist of Sphagnum in North America North of Mexico (Bryologist 93: 500_501
[1990]), R. Schuster's The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America east of the Hundredth Meridian
(1966, 1969, 1974, 1980, and 1992), M.L. Hicks's Liverworts of the Mountains of North Carolina (1982),
M.L. Hicks's Guide to the Liverworts of North Carolina (1992), M.L. Hicks and P.G. Davison's Some
Rare, Endemic, and Disjunct Liverworts in North Carolina (Castanea 54: 255_261 [1989]), G.B.
Perlmutter’s Checklist of Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi of North Carolina (USA), (Preliminary
Version 1 October 2008 - http://www.checklists.de), T. L. Esslinger’s, A cumulative checklist for the
lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada (2009 -
http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm), and Brodo, Sharnoff, and Sharnoff’s
Lichens of North America (2001).
Common Name. Common names are provided for the convenience of the user. Common names for
plants are not standardized, and many plants have no satisfactory common name.
North Carolina Rank. Natural Heritage Programs, Conservation Data Centers (CDCs), NatureServe, and
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) have developed a consistent method for evaluating the relative
1 includes species, as well as valid unique varieties and subspecies
4
imperilment of both species and ecological communities. These assessments lead to the designation of a
conservation status rank. For plant and animal species these ranks provide an estimate of extinction risk.
Conservation rank values have been assigned over the past 30 years by the N.C. Natural Heritage
Program, NatureServe, and a large number of collaborators in government agencies, universities, natural
history museums and botanical gardens, and other conservation organizations. The information has been
developed primarily to help in guiding conservation and informing environmental planning and
management. Conservation status ranks are based on a one to five scale, ranging from critically imperiled
(S1) to demonstrably secure (S5). These status assessments are based on the best available information,
considering a variety of factors such as abundance, distribution, population trends, and threats.
RANK
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS NORTH CAROLINA RANK DEFINITION
S1 1-5 Critically imperiled - Critically imperiled in North Carolina due to extreme
rarity or some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation (local
extinction) from the state. Typically five or fewer occurrences or very few
remaining individuals (<1,000).
S2 6-20 Imperiled - Imperiled in North Carolina due to rarity or some factor(s)
making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state. Typically six to 20
occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000).
S3 21-100 Vulnerable - Vulnerable to extinction in North Carolina either because rare
or uncommon, or found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some
locations), or due to other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation.
Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals.
S4 101-1000 Apparently secure - Apparently secure and widespread in North Carolina,
usually with more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.
S5 1001+ Secure - Common, widespread, and abundant in North Carolina.
Essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Typically with
considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.
SH 0? Historical - Of historical occurrence in North Carolina, with some
expectation that it may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been
verified in the past 20 years. Upon verification of an extant occurrence, SH-ranked
elements would typically receive an S1 rank. Note: an element is
not automatically assigned an SH (or SX) rank if it has not been verified in
the past 20 years; some effort must have been made to locate or relocate
occurrences.
SX 0 Presumed extirpated -- Believed to be extirpated in North Carolina. Has not
been located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other
appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
SU Unknown Unrankable - Currently unrankable in North Carolina due to lack of
information or substantially conflicting information about status or trends.
More information is needed.
SNR Unknown Not Ranked - Rank in North Carolina not yet assessed.
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SNA N/A Not Applicable - A conservation status rank is not applicable because the
element is not a suitable target for conservation for one of the following
reasons:
- Hybrid - an interspecific hybrid without conservation value;
- Exotic Origin - not native to North Carolina;
- Accidental/nonregular - outside usual range and not regularly found in
North Carolina;
- Not confidently present - never documented as present in North Carolina;
- Synonym - the taxon is not recognized by the N.C. Natural Heritage
Program.
-? – Uncertain - Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank.
A rank involving two numbers indicates a range of uncertainty about the conservation rank in North
Carolina. For example, a S2S3 rank indicates that the species may be S2 or S3, but existing data do not
allow that determination to be made.
Global Rank. Similar to North Carolina ranks, global ranks are assigned by a consensus of scientific
experts, Natural Heritage Programs, CDCs, NatureServe, and TNC. They apply to the status of a species
throughout its range. This system is widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the best
available scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity throughout its range.
RANK
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS GLOBAL RANK DEFINITION
G1 1-5 Critically imperiled - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme
rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to
extinction. Typically five or fewer occurrences or very few remaining
individuals (<1,000) or acres (<2,000) or linear miles (<10).
G2 6-20 Imperiled - Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of some
factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction. Typically six to 20
occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) or acres (2,000
to 10,000) or linear miles (10 to 50).
G3 21-100 Vulnerable - Vulnerable globally either because very rare throughout its
range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations),
or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21
to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals.
G4 101-1000 Apparently Secure - Uncommon but not rare (although it may be rare in
parts of its range, particularly on the periphery) and usually widespread.
Apparently not vulnerable in most of its range, but possibly cause for long-term
concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000
individuals.
G5 1001+ Secure - Common, widespread, and abundant (although it may be rare in
parts of its range, particularly on the periphery). Not vulnerable in most of
its range. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and
more than 10,000 individuals.
GH 0? Historical - Known from only historical occurrences, but with some
expectation that it may be rediscovered. May still be extant; further
searching is needed.
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GX 0 Presumed Extinct - Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g.,
passenger pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
Not located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other
appropriate habitat.
GU Unknown Unrankable - Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to
substantially conflicting information about status or trends; need more
information.
GNR Unknown Not Ranked - Global rank not yet assessed.
T_ – The rank of a subspecies or variety. As an example, G4T1 would apply to
a subspecies of a species with an overall rank of G4, but the subspecies
warranting a rank of G1.
-? – Uncertain - Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank.
Q – Questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority.
Distinctiveness of this entity as a taxon at the current level is questionable.
Resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a
subspecies or inclusion of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting
element having a lower-priority conservation status rank.
A rank involving two numbers indicates uncertainty of rank. For example, a G2G3 rank indicates that the
species may be G2 or G3, but that existing data do not allow that determination to be made.
North Carolina Status. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species have legally protected
status in North Carolina through N.C. PCP. NHP maintains computer data and GIS map files on
Endangered, Threatened, Proposed, Special Concern, and Significantly Rare species; paper files are
maintained on Watch List species.
STATUS
CODE STATUS NORTH CAROLINA STATUS DEFINITION
E Endangered "Any species or higher taxon of plant whose continued existence as a
viable component of the State's flora is determined to be in jeopardy" (GS
19B 106: 202.12). (Endangered species may not be removed from the
wild except when a permit is obtained for research, propagation, or rescue
which will enhance the survival of the species.)
T Threatened "Any resident species of plant which is likely to become an endangered
species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion
of its range" (GS 19B 106:202.12). (Regulations are the same as for
Endangered species.)
SC Special
Concern
"Any species of plant in North Carolina which requires monitoring but
which may be collected and sold under regulations adopted under the
provisions of [the Plant Protection and Conservation Act]" (GS 19B
106:202.12). (Special Concern species that are not also listed as
Endangered or Threatened may be collected from the wild and sold under
specific regulations. Propagated material only of Special Concern species
which are also listed as Endangered or Threatened may be traded or sold
under specific regulations.)
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SR
Significantly
Rare
Any species not listed by the N.C. Plant Conservation Program as
Endangered, Threatened, or Candidate, which is rare in North Carolina,
generally with 1-100 populations in the state, frequently substantially
reduced in numbers by habitat destruction (and sometimes also by direct
exploitation or disease).
-L
Limited The range of the species is limited to North Carolina and adjacent states
(endemic or near endemic). These are species that may have 20-50
populations in North Carolina, but fewer than 100 populations rangewide.
The preponderance of their distribution is in North Carolina and their fate
depends largely on conservation here.
-T Throughout The species is rare throughout its range (fewer than 100 populations
total).
-D Disjunct The species is disjunct to North Carolina from a main range in a different
part of the country or world.
-P Peripheral The species is at the periphery of its range in North Carolina. These
species are generally more common somewhere else in their ranges,
occurring in North Carolina peripherally to their main ranges, mostly in
habitats which are unusual in North Carolina.
-O Other The range of the species is sporadic or cannot be described by the other
Significantly Rare categories
W Watch List Any other species believed to be rare and of conservation concern in the
state but not warranting active monitoring at this time (see the Watch List
section for a more complete discussion).
P Proposed A species which that been formally proposed for listing as Endangered,
Threatened, or Special Concern, but has not yet completed the legally
mandated listing process.
United States Status is designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the U.S. National
Marine Fisheries Service in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (U.S.
ESA). Plants and plant varieties, (including fungi and lichens), animal species and subspecies, and
vertebrate populations are considered for Endangered or Threatened status according to the criteria
established under the U.S. ESA. Proposals and determinations to add taxa or populations to the Lists of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants are published in the Federal Register. Additionally, the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service periodically publish a Notice of
Review or Notice of Reclassification in the Federal Register that present an updated list of plant and
animal taxa that are regarded as candidates or proposed for possible addition to the Lists of Endangered
and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Consult the Asheville or Raleigh Ecological Services Field Offices
for more information.
STATUS
CODE STATUS UNITED STATES STATUS DEFINITION
E Endangered A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of
its range" (Endangered Species Act, Section 3).
T Threatened A taxon "likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable
future throughout all or a significant portion of its range (Endangered
Species Act, Section 3).
8
C Candidate "Taxa for which the [Fish and Wildlife] Service has on file enough
substantial information on biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support
proposals to list them as endangered or threatened. Proposed rules have
not yet been issued because this action is precluded at present by other
listing activity. Development and publication of proposed rules on these
taxa are anticipated. The Service encourages State and other Federal
agencies as well as other affected parties to give consideration to these
taxa in environmental planning.” (Federal Register, February 28, 1996).
Taxa formerly in ‘Category 1' are now considered as ‘Candidate’.
FSC (Federal)
Species of
Concern
A species under consideration for listing, for which there is insufficient
information to support listing at this time. These species may or may not
be listed in the future, and many of these species were formerly
recognized as "C2" candidate species. “...The Service remains concerned
about these species but further biological research and field study are
needed to resolve the conservation status of these taxa. Many species of
concern will be found not to warrant listing, either because they are not
threatened or endangered or because they do not qualify as species under
the definition in the [Endangered Species] Act. Others may be found to
be in greater danger of extinction than some present candidate taxa. The
Service is working with the States and other private and public interests
to assess their need for protection under the Act. Such species are the
pool from which future candidates for listing will be drawn.” (Federal
Register, February 28, 1996).
Physiographic Province. The provinces in which the species is known to occur are indicated. This should
not be regarded as the only province(s) of the state in which the species could occur; as our knowledge of
the flora of North Carolina is still very imperfect. The provinces are abbreviated as follows:
M Mountains (Blue
Ridge)
All parts of North Carolina west of the foot of the Blue Ridge
Escarpment.
P Piedmont All parts of North Carolina east of the foot of the Blue Ridge
Escarpment and west of the Fall Line, including outlying "foothill"
ranges, such as the Brushy, Uwharrie, Sauratown, and South Mountains.
This province is shallowly underlain by crystalline metamorphic,
igneous, or (rarely) consolidated sedimentary rocks.
S Sandhills Portions of Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Richmond,
Scotland, and Montgomery counties consisting mostly of deep aeolian
sands of the Middendorf and Pinehurst formations (Cretaceous to
Tertiary age). The Sandhills are really part of the coastal plain but are
here distinguished because of their distinctive geomorphology and
vegetation. Areas somewhat resembling the Sandhills region but
occurring in other parts of the state (such as Carolina bay rims and
aeolian or beach ridge deposits in the outer Coastal Plain) are
considered part of the Coastal Plain Province.
C Coastal Plain All parts of North Carolina east of the fall line, excluding the Sandhills,
generally consisting of unconsolidated sands, silts, clays, and peats,
though rarely shallowly underlain by consolidated coquina limestone
("marl").
T Tidewater Areas associated with tidal water such as the ocean and barrier islands,
sounds, estuaries and mainland brackish or salt marshes.
9
Habitat. The known habitats are described; as with provinces, these should not be regarded as the only
possible habitats of the species in the state.
Counties of known occurrence. Following the description of habitats is a listing of the known counties of
occurrence in the N.C. Natural Heritage Program database. We request information about any new
occurrences in the state.
* All recorded occurrences in the county are either extirpated, have not been found in recent surveys, or
have not been surveyed recently enough to be confident they are still present. Un-surveyed
occurrences are regarded as historical after 20-40 years, the number depending on the species and the
amount of habitat alteration in the area. An asterisk should not be regarded as a definitive statement
that the species is gone from the county, but indicates that there is reason to doubt its continued
existence.
+ Counties with obscure or undatable records are marked with a plus (+).
? If there is some question as to the validity of the county report, it is marked with a question mark (?).
The botanical exploration of North Carolina is far from complete, and many additional county records
will be found, generally (but not always) in proximity to counties listed. Most species that do not have
county of occurrence information listed are new to the rare list and county status information had not been
compiled at the time of publication. Visit the Natural Heritage Program Web site for the most up-to-date
county occurrence information: www.ncnhp.org.
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Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
NORTH CAROLINA PLANT RARE LIST
Vascular Plants
Acmella repens Creeping Spotflower SR-D S1 G5
CP: low wet areas and floating mats in alluvial forests and swamps
(Columbus, Robeson)
Acmispon helleri Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G3
P: open woods over clay soils, roadsides (Cabarrus, Caswell,
Catawba*, Davidson, Davie*, Granville, Iredell*, Mecklenburg,
Moore*, Person, Randolph, Rockingham, Rowan, Stanly*, Union,
Wake, Warren*)
Aconitum reclinatum Trailing Wolfsbane SR-T S3 G3
M: rich coves, seepage slopes, boulderfields, rocky stream banks,
mainly associated with mafic rocks (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe,
Caldwell+, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Adiantum capillus-veneris Venus Hair Fern E S1 G5
C: coquina limestone (marl) outcrops, also adventitious on mortar
of old stone walls in Wilmington, New Hanover County
(Columbus)
Adlumia fungosa Climbing Fumitory SR-P S2 G4
M: coves and cliffs (Alleghany, Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson,
Jackson*, Macon*, Madison, Yancey)
Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Jointvetch E T S1 G2
TC: freshwater to slightly brackish tidal marshes and wet ditches
(Beaufort*, Craven*, Hyde*, Lenoir*)
Agalinis virgata Branched Gerardia SR-P S2 G3G4Q
CS: savannas and depression pond shores (Brunswick, Carteret,
Craven, Duplin+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Scotland)
Agastache nepetoides Yellow Giant-hyssop SR-P S1 G5
P: oak--hickory forests, especially over mafic rocks (Buncombe,
Durham*, Granville, Madison*, Moore*, Orange, Polk, Stokes*,
Surry*, Transylvania*, Wake*, Warren*)
Agrostis altissima Tall Bentgrass SR-T S2 G4
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Agrostis mertensii Arctic Bentgrass E S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits and balds (Avery, Mitchell*,
Yancey)
Allium allegheniense Allegheny Onion SR-T S1 G3?
M: rock outcrops and woodlands over mafic rock at moderate to
high elevations (Ashe, Caldwell)
Allium cuthbertii Striped Garlic SR-T S2 G4
PM: low elevation granitic domes and other rocky sites with
circumneutral soils (Alexander, Madison*, Wilkes)
Allium sp. 1 Savanna Onion SR-L FSC S1S2 G1G2
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Onslow, Pender)
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Green Alder SR-D S1 G5TNR
M: balds (Avery, McDowell, Mitchell)
Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth T T S2 G2
T: ocean beaches and island-end flats (Brunswick, Carteret,
Currituck*, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
11
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Amelanchier sanguinea Roundleaf Serviceberry SR-P S3 G5
M: thin soils around mafic rock outcrops at lower and middle
elevations (Buncombe, Burke, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson,
Macon, McDowell, Rutherford)
Amorpha confusa Savanna Indigo-bush T FSC S3 G3T3
C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover*)
Amorpha georgiana Georgia Indigo-bush E FSC S2 G3T2
CS: mesic to moist terraces along blackwater streams and ecotones
between pocosins and savannas (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee,
Lenoir*, Moore, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Scotland)
Amorpha schwerinii Piedmont Indigo-bush SR-T S3 G3G4
P: dry forests (Anson, Burke, Catawba, Cleveland, Davidson,
Gaston, Iredell*, Montgomery, Randolph, Rowan, Rutherford*,
Stanly)
Amphicarpum muehlenbergianum Florida Goober Grass E S1 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Hoke, Robeson, Scotland)
Andropogon mohrii Bog Bluestem SR-P S2 G4?
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Onslow,
Pender, Robeson*, Washington*)
Anemone berlandieri Southern Anemone SR-P S2 G4?
P: thin soils around rock outcrops, usually on basic soil
(Alexander, Anson, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery, Orange, Polk*,
Rowan, Rutherford, Stanly)
Anemone caroliniana Prairie Anemone SR-P S1 G5
P: clayey woodlands over mafic rocks (Mecklenburg, Stanly*)
Anticlea glauca White Camas SR-P S1 G4G5
M: calcareous rock outcrops (Buncombe*, McDowell, Yancey*)
Arabis patens Spreading Rockcress SR-T S1 G3
M: thin soils around limestone and nutrient-rich seepage from
amphibolite (Madison, Rutherford, Swain)
Arabis pycnocarpa var. G5T4Q
adpressipilis
Hairy Rockcress SR-P S1
PM: thin soils around basic rock outcrops (Alexander, Buncombe)
Arenaria lanuginosa var. G5T4T5
lanuginosa
Spreading Sandwort SR-P S1
TC: maritime grasslands and forests, other sandy sites, shell
middens, coquina limestone (marl) outcrops (Beaufort*,
Brunswick*, Carteret*, Dare*, Jones, Onslow, Pender*)
Arethusa bulbosa Bog Rose E S1 G4
MP: bogs (Alleghany*, Ashe*, Avery+, Forsyth*, Henderson*,
Transylvania)
Arisaema triphyllum ssp. G5T4
stewardsonii
Bog Jack-in-the-pulpit SR-P S2
M: bogs (Alleghany, Avery, Catawba, Henderson, Jackson,
Macon, McDowell, Mitchell, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Aristida condensata Big Three-awn Grass SR-P S2 G4?
C: bay rims with xeric pine-oak scrub (Bladen, Hoke*, New
Hanover, Pender, Richmond*, Scotland*)
Aristida simpliciflora Chapman's Three-awn SR-T S1S2 G3G4
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Aristida tenuispica Hillsboro Three-awn Grass SR-P S1 G5TNR
C: xeric sandhill scrub (New Hanover, Pender)
12
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Arnoglossum ovatum Savanna Indian-plantain SR-P S2 G4G5
C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, Jones, Onslow,
Pender)
Asclepias pedicellata Savanna Milkweed SR-P S3 G4
C: dry savannas and moist flatwoods (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret,
Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Sampson)
Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed SR-T S1? G5?
PMC: swamps, bottomlands, edges of moist woods (Bertie*,
Hertford, Johnston, Moore, Pender)
Asplenium bradleyi Bradley's Spleenwort SR-P S2 G4
PM: acidic rock outcrops and cliffs (Burke, Cleveland*, Gaston,
McDowell, Orange, Polk, Rutherford, Stokes)
Asplenium heteroresiliens Carolina Spleenwort E FSC S2 GNA
C: coquina limestone outcrops (Bladen, Craven, Jones, Onslow*)
Asplenium monanthes Single-sorus Spleenwort E S1 G4
M: outcrops near waterfalls in escarpment gorges (Jackson,
Transylvania)
Asplenium pinnatifidum Lobed Spleenwort SR-P S2 G4
PM: acidic rock outcrops and cliffs (Caldwell*, Henderson,
Madison, Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania, Wilkes)
Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue Spleenwort SR-P S1 G5
M: limestone outcrops (Burke, Madison, McDowell)
Astragalus michauxii Sandhills Milk-vetch T FSC S3 G3
SC: dry to xeric longleaf pine-oak woodlands and river-deposited
sandhills (Bladen, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New
Hanover*, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Sampson, Scotland)
Baccharis glomeruliflora Silverling SR-P SH G4
T: shrubby areas on margins of brackish marshes (Brunswick*)
Bacopa caroliniana Blue Water-hyssop SR-P S1 G4G5
C: Shallow ponds, marshes, natural lakes, and tidal creeks (Bladen,
Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover*, Pender)
Bacopa innominata Tropical Water-hyssop SR-P SH G3G5
C: tidal freshwater marshes (Chowan*, New Hanover*, Pender*)
Bacopa rotundifolia Round-leaf Water-hyssop SR-D SH G5
C: natural lakes
Balduina atropurpurea Purple-disk Honeycomb-head SR-T FSC S1 G2
C: savannas (Bladen, Brunswick*)
Baptisia alba Thick-pod White Wild Indigo SR-P S2 G5
PCS: open woodlands, clearings (Anson, Cabarrus, Davidson,
Johnston, Montgomery, Randolph, Stanly)
Baptisia australis var. aberrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo T S2 G5T2
P: glades and open forests on basic soils (Cabarrus*, Caswell,
Durham, Granville, Montgomery, Orange+, Person*)
Baptisia bracteata Creamy Wild Indigo SR-P SH G4G5T4?
P: open woodlands (McDowell*)
Berberis canadensis American Barberry SR-T S2 G3
PM: open forests and glades on basic soils (Alamance*,
Alexander*, Buncombe*, Catawba, Durham, Granville, Guilford*,
Haywood*, Iredell*, Madison, McDowell, Montgomery, Orange*,
Person*, Randolph*, Rockingham, Rutherford, Swain*,
Transylvania*)
13
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Betula cordifolia Mountain Paper Birch SR-D S1 G5
M: high elevation forests and landslide scars (Yancey)
Bidens trichosperma Crowned Beggar-ticks SR-P SH G5
CT: brackish marshes (Beaufort*, Chowan*, Craven*, Tyrrell*)
Boechera missouriensis Missouri Rockcress SR-P S1 G5?Q
P: thin soils around basic rock outcrops (Anson, Stanly, Union)
Boltonia asteroides White Doll's-daisy SR-O S2 G5
CS: clay-based Carolina bays, marshes, savannas (Brunswick,
Camden*, Columbus, Hoke, New Hanover, Robeson, Scotland)
Botrychium lanceolatum var. G5TNR
angustisegmentum
Lance-leaf Moonwort SR-P S1
MP: cove forests (Burke, Macon*)
Botrychium matricariifolium Daisy-leaf Moonwort SR-P S1 G5
MP: cove forests (Avery, Burke, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell,
Swain, Yancey)
Botrychium simplex var. simplex Least Moonwort SR-P S2 G5T5
M: open, grassy sites (Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell,
BrachTyrealnystyrulvman aiari*s)t osum Northern Shorthusk SR-P S3 G4G5
M: northern hardwood forests (Ashe*, Avery, Caldwell*, Clay,
Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swain, Transylvania,
Watauga)
Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome SR-P S1 G5
M: moist areas near high elevation grassy balds (Ashe, Mitchell+,
Transylvania, Watauga)
Buchnera americana American Bluehearts SR-P S1 G5?
MPS: glades, open forests, streambanks, probably primarily over
mafic or calcareous rocks (Cumberland*, Durham*, Harnett*,
Orange*, Polk*, Rowan, Sampson*, Union, Wake*)
Buckleya distichophylla Piratebush E FSC S2 G2
M: bluffs, dry slopes, forests on lower slopes (Buncombe,
Haywood, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain*)
Bulbostylis warei Ware's Hair Sedge SR-P SH G3G4
T: interdunes, riverine sandhills, and other xeric sand deposits
(Brunswick*)
Calamagrostis cainii Cain's Reed Grass E FSC S1 G1
M: high elevation rocky summits (Buncombe, Yancey)
Calamagrostis canadensis var. G5T5
canadensis
Canada Reed Grass SR-P S1
M: bogs and moist areas around high elevation rock outcrops
(Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon,
Mitchell*, Watauga*)
Calamagrostis porteri Porter's Reed Grass SR-P S1 G4
M: middle elevation ridgetop forests (Clay, Henderson, Jackson,
Macon, Rutherford, Surry, Transylvania*)
Callitriche terrestris Terrestrial Water-starwort SR-O S2? G5
CP: low, wet places (Richmond, Stanly)
Calopogon multiflorus Many-flower Grass-pink E FSC S1 G2G3
C: savannas (Brunswick*, Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Caltha palustris Marsh-marigold SR-P S1 G5
M: boggy sites (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Madison*,
Watauga, Yancey*)
14
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Camassia scilloides Wild Hyacinth T S1 G4G5
CP: rich levees, slopes, and bottomlands (Alleghany,
Northampton, Vance)
Campanula aparinoides Marsh Bellflower SR-P S2 G5
M: bogs and other wet, open sites (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke,
Clay*, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*,
Transylvania, Wilkes*, Yancey)
Campanula rotundifolia Bluebells SR-P S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe)
Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC S2 G3
M: high elevation seeps, shaded outcrops, and streambanks
(Avery, Caldwell, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Cardamine dissecta Dissected Toothwort SR-P S2 G4?
PM: rich woods, cove forests, bottomlands (Anson, Davidson,
Durham, Guilford*, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery, Randolph,
Rowan+)
Cardamine douglassii Douglass's Bittercress SR-P S2 G5
P: bottomlands, rich lower slopes (Cumberland, Durham,
Granville, Harnett, Hertford*, Northampton, Orange*, Wake)
Cardamine longii Long's Bittercress SR-T S1 G3
C: tidal marshes and tidal cypress-gum forests (Bladen, Craven*,
New Hanover, Pender)
Cardamine micranthera Small-anthered Bittercress E E S2 G2
P: seeps, streamside sandbars, and floodplain depressions
(Forsyth*, Stokes)
Cardamine rotundifolia Mountain Watercress SR-P S2 G4
MP: seeps, banks of mountain brooks (Ashe, Mitchell, Stokes,
Watauga, Yancey)
Carex arctata Black Sedge SR-P S1 G5?
M: northern hardwood and spruce forests, bog edges
Carex argyrantha Hay Sedge SR-P S1 G5
M: wet meadows (Ashe)
Carex baileyi Bailey's Sedge SR-P S2 G4
M: bogs and seeps (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Jackson,
Mecklenburg*, Transylvania, Watauga)
Carex barrattii Barratt's Sedge E SH G4
MS: seepage slopes (Harnett*, Henderson*)
Carex basiantha Widow Sedge SR-D S1 G5
C: mesic forests, bottomlands, and lower slopes, over calcareous
rock (Jones, Pender)
Carex bushii Bush's Sedge SR-P S1 G4
PM: open wet areas (Ashe*, Durham*, Granville*, Johnston*,
Nash*, Orange, Rowan*, Stanly)
Carex buxbaumii Brown Bog Sedge SR-P S2 G5
MP: bogs and fens (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Forsyth*, Henderson,
Watauga, Yancey*)
Carex calcifugens Calcium-fleeing Sedge SR-T S2? G2G4
C: mesic deciduous forests and maritime woodlands (Brunswick,
Carteret, Onslow)
15
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Carex canescens ssp. disjuncta Silvery Sedge SR-P S2 G5T4?
CS: beaver ponds, old millponds, impoundments; usually on Nyssa
biflora (Hoke, Richmond, Scotland, Tyrrell*)
Carex careyana Carey's Sedge SR-P S1 G4G5
M: rich cove forests (Jackson)
Carex cherokeensis Cherokee Sedge SR-P S1 G4G5
MP: floodplains (Cherokee*, Madison, Pender, Polk)
Carex communis var. amplisquama Fort Mountain Sedge SR-T FSC S1 G5T3
M: rich woods (Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)
Carex conoidea Cone-shaped Sedge T S1 G5
MP: bogs (Ashe, Iredell*)
Carex cristatella Small-crested Sedge SR-P SH G5
M: grassy balds, bogs (Jackson*, Swain*)
Carex crus-corvi Crowfoot Sedge SR-P S1 G5
C: swamp forests (Bertie*, Columbus, Edgecombe*, Martin*,
Pitt*)
Carex decomposita Cypress Knee Sedge SR-T S2 G3
C: beaver ponds, old millponds; often on Taxodium ascendens
trunks and knees (Brunswick, Chowan, Cumberland, New
Hanover*, Richmond, Warren*)
Carex deflexa A Sedge SR-D S1 G5
M: high elevation seepy forests
Carex eburnea Bristle-leaf Sedge SR-P S1 G5
M: calcareous outcrops (Madison)
Carex emmonsii Emmons's Sedge SR-O S2 G5T5
CS: moist woods and stream banks (Columbus, Harnett*, Hoke,
Johnston*, Jones, Moore, Northampton*, Onslow, Pender,
Wayne*)
Carex exilis Coastal Sedge T S2 G5
S: seepage slopes, wet seepy powerlines (Cumberland, Harnett,
Hoke, Moore*)
Carex hitchcockiana Hitchcock's Sedge SR-P S1 G5
M: moist to dryish forests over calcareous or mafic rocks
(Buncombe, Jackson, Macon)
Carex hormathodes A Sedge SR-P S1 G4G5
C: freshwater and slightly brackish tidal marshes (Currituck)
Carex impressinervia Ravine Sedge SR-T FSC S2 G2
CP: rich alluvial forests (Anson, Harnett, Montgomery, Stanly)
Carex jamesii James's Sedge SR-P S2 G5
PC: rich woods, especially over mafic rocks (Caswell,
Cumberland, Durham, Halifax*, Harnett, Lee, Moore,
Northampton*)
Carex lasiocarpa var. americana Slender Sedge SR-P S1 G5T5
M: shallow water of alkaline spring seep, hummocks in acidic
basin marsh, high elevation fen over amphibolite (Ashe)
Carex lupuliformis Hop-like Sedge SR-P S1 G4
CP: moist bottomlands, especially in calcareous or mafic areas
(Bertie, Brunswick, Craven*, Forsyth*, Jones)
Carex lutea Golden Sedge E E S2 G2
C: ecotones between very wet clay savannas and swamp forests
(Onslow, Pender)
16
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Carex meadii Mead's Sedge SR-P S1 G4G5
P: low wet places over diabase (Durham*, Granville)
Carex oligocarpa Rich-woods Sedge SR-P S1 G4
CM: rich woods, mostly over calcareous or mafic rocks
(McDowell)
Carex oligosperma Few-seeded Sedge E S1 G5?
M: seeps and bogs (Avery, Mitchell, Watauga)
Carex pedunculata Longstalk Sedge SR-P S2 G5
M: rich cove forests (Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)
Carex projecta Necklace Sedge SR-P S1 G5
CMP: bogs, marshes, swamps, brownwater floodplain forests and
openings (Avery, Cherokee*, Cumberland*, Iredell*, Lee,
Madison, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell, Swain*, Transylvania)
Carex purpurifera Purple Sedge SR-P S2 G4?
M: low elevation, rich forests over limestone or marble (Cherokee,
Clay, Graham, Macon, Swain)
Carex radfordii Radford's Sedge E FSC S1 G2
M: rich cove forests in the Blue Ridge escarpment region (Jackson,
Polk)
Carex reniformis Kidney Sedge SR-P S1 G4?
CP: swamps, open wet areas (Bladen, Johnston*, Sampson,
Wake*)
Carex roanensis Roan Sedge SR-T S2 G2G3
M: forests (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Madison*,
McDowell, Mitchell, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Carex schweinitzii Schweinitz's Sedge E FSC SNA G3G4
M: bogs and swamp forests
Carex socialis Social Sedge SR-P S1 G4
C: streambeds and riverbanks (Columbus, Cumberland, Pender)
Carex sp. 2 Fen Sedge SR-T FSC S1 G1
M: seepage over mafic or ultramafic rocks (Alleghany)
Carex sp. 4 Canebrake Sedge SR-L S2 G3G4
CS: streamhead pocosins and floodplains of small blackwater
streams (Brunswick, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Onslow, Pender,
Richmond, Scotland)
Carex tenax Wire Sedge SR-P S1 G5?
CS: xeric sandhills (Moore, Wayne*)
Carex tetanica Rigid Sedge SR-P S1 G4G5
MC: bogs and swamps (Macon, Wake*, Warren*, Wilson*)
Carex trichocarpa Hairy-fruit Sedge SR-P S1 G4
M: marshy bogs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Haywood*)
Carex trisperma Three-seeded Sedge SR-P S1 G5
M: bogs, wet forests at high elevations (Avery, Buncombe+,
Mitchell*, Swain*, Watauga)
Carex utriculata Beaked Sedge SR-P S1 G5
M: wet meadows (Henderson)
Carex verrucosa Warty Sedge SR-P S2 G4
CS: savannas and pinelands (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Columbus*,
Henderson, New Hanover*, Onslow)
Carex vesicaria Inflated Sedge SR-P S1 G5
M: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe)
17
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Carex vestita Velvet Sedge SR-P SH G5
P: low woods (Chatham*, Durham*)
Carex woodii Wood's Sedge SR-P S3 G4
MPC: forested slopes, cove forests, and northern hardwoods
(Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Clay, Henderson, Jackson, Jones*,
Macon, Mitchell*, Orange*, Transylvania, Watauga)
Carya laciniosa Big Shellbark Hickory SR-P S1 G5
PC: brownwater river levees (Bertie, Durham, Halifax)
Carya myristiciformis Nutmeg Hickory E S1 G4
C: wet marl forests (Brunswick, Pender)
Caulophyllum giganteum Northern Blue Cohosh SR-P S1 G4G5Q
M: cove forests (Alleghany, Ashe, Graham)
Celastrus scandens American Bittersweet SR-P S2? G5
MP: cove forests and rich woods (Ashe*, Buncombe+, Burke,
Caswell, Cleveland, Haywood*, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon,
Madison*, McDowell*, Mitchell*, Randolph*, Rutherford,
Swain*, Transylvania*, Watauga*, Yancey*)
Ceratophyllum australe Southern Hornwort SR-P S1 G5TNR
CT: pools in maritime forests, possibly other natural depression
wetlands (Carteret*, Chowan)
Chamaesyce bombensis Southern Seabeach Sandmat SR-T S2? G4G5
T: seabeaches
Chamaesyce cordifolia Heartleaf Sandmat SR-P S1 G5
CS: sandhills (Bladen, Richmond*, Wayne*)
Chamerion platyphyllum Fireweed SR-P S1 G5T5
M: grassy balds, roadsides, disturbed areas (Avery, Caldwell,
Haywood, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey*)
Chasmanthium nitidum A Spanglegrass SR-T S1 G3
C: blackwater bottomlands over marl (Pender)
Cheilanthes alabamensis Alabama Lip-fern SR-P S1 G4G5
M: calcareous outcrops (Madison)
Chelone cuthbertii Cuthbert's Turtlehead SR-L FSC S3? G3
MPC: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Catawba,
Cumberland, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell,
Stokes, Transylvania, Wayne, Yancey)
Chelone obliqua Red Turtlehead SR-T S2 G4
CM: swamp forests, bogs, wet places (Burke, Gates, Hertford*,
McDowell, Rutherford, Swain*, Transylvania)
Chenopodium foggii Fogg's Goosefoot SR-T SH G2G3
M: rocky, mountain slopes
Chenopodium simplex Giant-seed Goosefoot SR-P S1 G5
M: shaded soil at bases of cliffs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Jackson*)
Chrysoma pauciflosculosa Woody Goldenrod E S1 G4G5
C: riverine sand ridges and xeric pine-oak scrub (Columbus,
Cumberland, Robeson)
Cirsium carolinianum Carolina Thistle SR-P S2 G5
P: forests and disturbed areas, mostly on basic soils (Burke,
Cabarrus*, Granville, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Rowan*,
Rutherford, Wake*, Wilkes*)
Cirsium lecontei Leconte's Thistle SR-P S2 G2G3
C: savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven,
Onslow, Pender)
18
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Cirsium nuttallii Nuttall's Thistle SR-P S1 G5
C: pine savannas, roadsides, pastures
Cladium mariscoides Twig-rush SR-O S3 G5
CSMT: bogs, fens, brackish marshes, sandhill seepage bogs
(Alleghany*, Ashe, Camden, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*,
Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Watauga, Yancey)
Clematis catesbyana Coastal Virgin's-bower SR-P S2 G4G5
TCM: dunes, edges of maritime forests, or over dolomite (Carteret,
Currituck*, Dare, Jones, McDowell, Onslow, Rutherford, Wake*)
Clematis occidentalis var. G5T5
occidentalis
Mountain Clematis SR-P S1
M: montane oak forests and northern hardwood forests (Ashe,
Buncombe)
Clinopodium georgianum Georgia Calamint SR-P S2 G5
SC: rock ledges near blackwater streams and disturbed pine-oak
uplands (Anson*, Brunswick, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*)
Coeloglossum viride var. virescens Long-bracted Frog Orchid SR-P S1 G5T5
MP: seeps in cove forests (Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Forsyth*,
Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Watauga)
Coelorachis cylindrica Carolina Jointgrass SR-P SH G4G5
P: open woodlands and roadsides (Anson*, Union*)
Collinsonia tuberosa Piedmont Horsebalm SR-P S1 G3G4
PM: rich hardwood forests (Alamance*, Chatham, Guilford*,
Henderson*, McDowell, Montgomery, Polk, Rutherford)
Collinsonia verticillata Whorled Horsebalm SR-T S2 G3G4
PM: cove forests (Polk)
Conioselinum chinense Hemlock-parsley E S1 G5
M: high elevation seepage slopes (Avery)
Coptis trifolia var. groenlandica Goldthread SR-P S1 G5T5
M: bogs and moist, mossy forests (Alleghany)
Corallorhiza maculata var. G5T3T5
maculata
Spotted Coralroot SR-P S2
M: northern hardwood forests (Haywood*, Jackson, McDowell,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Corallorhiza wisteriana Spring Coral-root SR-O S1S2 G5
MPCT: nutrient-rich forests, especially over limestone, mafic
rocks or shell rich sands (Buncombe*, Carteret*, Catawba*,
Cleveland*, Davie*, Durham*, Graham*, Harnett*, Jackson*,
Macon*, Madison*, McDowell*, New Hanover*, Orange*, Polk*,
Rutherford, Surry*)
Coreopsis grandiflora var. G5T4T5
grandiflora
Large-flowered Tickseed SR-O S1
M: acidic glades (Jackson, Macon)
Coreopsis helianthoides Beadle's Coreopsis SR-P S1S2 G3G4Q
C: swamp forests and swamp edges (Beaufort*, Brunswick,
Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Duplin*, Jones*, Onslow, Pender,
Pitt*)
Cornus asperifolia Roughleaf Dogwood SR-P S1 G4
C: wet marl forests (Onslow, Pender)
19
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood SR-P S1 G5?
P: moist soil in riparian zones, roadsides, and thickets (Durham,
Orange)
Corydalis micrantha ssp. G5T4
micrantha
Slender Corydalis SR-P S1
PM: thin, circumneutral soils on rock outcrops or cliffs
(Alexander, Jackson*, Madison)
Crataegus coccinea Scarlet Hawthorn SR-P S2? G5
MP: deciduous forest understories, pastures, upland thickets
Crataegus munda Batesburg Hawthorn SR-T S2? G3G5Q
C: xeric or subxeric forests, scrublands, disturbed woodlands
(Bladen, Cumberland*, Sampson)
Crataegus pallens Pale Hawthorn SR-L S1S2 G1G2
M: subxeric forests, slopes, rock outcrops, especially over mafic or
calcareous substrates
Crataegus senta A Hawthorn SR-L S1? G2
CM: upland hills, disturbed forests, pastures
Crataegus succulenta Fleshy Hawthorn SR-P S1S2 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits, mesic forests, pastures,
especially over basic soil or mafic substrate
Crinum americanum Swamp-lily SR-P SH G5
C: tidal swamp forests, tidal marshes (New Hanover*)
Crocanthemum bicknellii Plains Sunrose SR-P S1 G5
M: rock outcrops, glades, fens (Ashe, Buncombe, Haywood,
Henderson, Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania)
Crocanthemum carolinianum Carolina Sunrose SR-P S1 G4
CS: sandhills, pinelands, dry savannas (Brunswick, Carteret*,
Craven*, Cumberland*, Hoke, New Hanover, Pender, Robeson,
Wilson*)
Crocanthemum corymbosum Pinebarren Sunrose SR-P S1 G4G5
TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare*)
Crocanthemum georgianum Georgia Sunrose SR-P S1 G4
TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare*, Hyde, New
Hanover)
Crocanthemum nashii Florida Scrub Frostweed E S1 G3?
(=Helianthemum nashii) C: coastal fringe sandhill (Brunswick,
New Hanover)
Crocanthemum propinquum Creeping Sunrose SR-P S1 G4
MP: rock outcrops, glades (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*,
Clay, Forsyth*, Haywood, Henderson*, Macon, Stokes*,
Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey)
Crocanthemum rosmarinifolium Rosemary Sunrose SR-P S2 G4
SC: dry clearings and roadsides within longleaf pine ecosystems
(Hoke, Richmond, Scotland)
Croton monanthogynus Prairie-tea Croton SR-P S1 G5
M: calcareous rock outcrops (Cabarrus*, Madison, McDowell,
Union*)
Cuscuta cephalanthi Buttonbush Dodder SR-T S1 G5
MP: on woody hosts
Cuscuta coryli Hazel Dodder SR-T S1? G5?
CPM: on woody or herbaceous hosts (Burke, McDowell,
Rutherford)
20
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Cyperus dentatus Toothed Flatsedge SR-P SH G4
C: marshes (Brunswick*, Currituck*, Dare*)
Cyperus granitophilus Granite Flatsedge SR-T S2 G3G4Q
P: granite flatrocks, other rock outcrops (Alexander*, Anson,
Forsyth*, Franklin, Granville, Wake, Yadkin*)
Cyperus houghtonii Houghton's Flatsedge SR-P SH G4?
P: dry soil
Cyperus lecontei Leconte's Flatsedge SR-P S2 G4?
C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, New Hanover*, Onslow)
Cyperus tetragonus Four-angled Flatsedge SR-P S1 G4?
T: maritime forests and barrier island grasslands (Brunswick,
Carteret, New Hanover+, Onslow, Pender)
Cyperus virens Green Flatsedge SR-P S1 G5
C:marshes and ditches (Columbus)
Cypripedium parviflorum var. G5T3T5
parviflorum
Small Yellow Lady's-slipper SR-T S1S2
M: upper slopes of rich high elevation forests (Clay, Macon)
Cystopteris fragilis Fragile Fern SR-P S1 G5
M: high elevation cliffs (Mitchell, Watauga)
Cystopteris tennesseensis Tennessee Bladder-fern E-SC S1 G5
CM: calcareous rock outcrops (Craven, Graham*, Jones, Onslow*)
Cystopteris tenuis Upland Bladder-fern SR-P S1 G4G5
M: high elevation rocky summits, cliffs (Watauga)
Dalibarda repens Robin Runaway E S2 G5
M: bogs and moist woods under rhododendrons (Alleghany, Ashe,
Transylvania)
Danthonia epilis Bog Oatgrass SR-T FSC S3 G3G4
MS: seepage bogs, wet seepy powerlines (Burke, Cumberland,
Harnett, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Montgomery, Moore,
Richmond, Scotland)
Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC S2 G3
MP: grassy balds, glades, woodlands, mostly over mafic rock
(Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Caldwell*, Durham, Granville*,
Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*,
Watauga)
Dendrolycopodium dendroideum Prickly Ground-pine SR-P S2 G5
M: openings and balds (Ashe, Graham, Haywood, Henderson*,
Jackson, Swain, Transylvania*)
Dendrolycopodium hickeyi Pennsylvania Ground-pine SR-P S2? G5
M: openings, balds, bog margins, and high elevation forests
Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. glauca Tufted Hairgrass SR-P S1 G5T5
M: olivine barrens, high elevation outcrops of mafic rock (Clay)
Desmodium fernaldii Fernald's Tick-trefoil SR-P S1 G4
SC: dry to mesic hardwood-pine woodlands (Brunswick*,
Cumberland, Dare*, Duplin*, Edgecombe*, Gates*, Hoke, Jones*,
Lenoir*, Martin*, Montgomery, Richmond, Scotland*,
Washington*)
Desmodium ochroleucum Creamy Tick-trefoil SR-T FSC SH G1G2
P: sandy or rocky woodland openings (Davie*, Orange*, Swain*)
Desmodium sessilifolium Sessile Tick-trefoil SR-P SH G5
P: open woodlands (Cabarrus*, Mecklenburg*)
21
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Diarrhena americana Eastern Beakgrass SR-P S1 G4G5
M: rich cove forest (Jackson)
Dicentra eximia Bleeding Heart SR-P S3 G4
MP: rock outcrops (Buncombe, Burke, Graham, Haywood,
Macon*, Madison, McDowell, Mitchell, Rutherford, Swain,
Transylvania, Watauga*, Yancey)
Dichanthelium aciculare ssp. G5T3
neuranthum
Nerved Witch Grass SR-D S1
(=Dichanthelium neuranthum) T: maritime wet grasslands
(Brunswick*, Carteret*, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover*)
Dichanthelium annulum Ringed Witch Grass SR-P S1 GNR
CP: dry sandy or rocky open woods and borders of thickets
(Chatham*, Clay*, Dare*, Davie*, Durham*, Lee*,
Mecklenburg*, Montgomery*, Orange*, Person*, Rowan*, Stanly,
Stokes*, Wake*)
Dichanthelium boreale Northern Witch Grass SR-P S2 G5
MP: open woods (Alexander, Ashe, Columbus, Granville, Jackson,
Macon, Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore*, Rowan, Yancey)
Dichanthelium caerulescens Blue Witch Grass E S1S2 G2G3
C: wet savannas with a calcareous influence (Brunswick*,
Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Pender)
Dichanthelium fusiforme Spindle-fruited Witch Grass SR-P S1 G5?
CS: dry sandy pinelands and other clearings (Beaufort, Bladen*,
Brunswick, Columbus*, Gates, Hoke, Jones, Moore*, Onslow,
Richmond*)
Dichanthelium hirstii Hirsts' Panic Grass E C S1 G1
C: cypress savannas (Onslow)
Dichanthelium sp. 9 A Witch Grass SR-L S2 G2G3
(=Panicum cryptanthum) C: wet streamhead pocosin openings,
including utility clearings (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret,
Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston*, Moore, New Hanover*,
Onslow, Pender, Wake*)
Dichanthelium spretum Eaton's Witch Grass SR-D S1S2 G5
CPM: wet sands and peats of bogs, savannas, meadows, and shores
(Alleghany, Carteret, Craven, Onslow)
Didiplis diandra Water Purslane SR-P S1 G5
CS: sluggish streams and ponds (Chowan*, Edgecombe*,
Harnett+, Hertford*, Johnston, Moore+, Nash, Perquimans*,
Richmond, Wake, Warren*)
Diervilla rivularis Riverbank Bush-honeysuckle SR-T S1 G3
M: forests (Yancey)
Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap SR-L, FSC S3 G3
CST: savannas, seepage bogs, pocosin edges (Beaufort*, Bladen,
Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin*,
Hoke, Lenoir*, Moore*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender,
Robeson*, Sampson)
Ditrysinia fruticosa Sebastian-bush SR-T S1? G5
C: swamp forests (Brunswick, Columbus, Pender*, Robeson)
Draba ramosissima Branching Draba SR-P S2 G4
MP: calcareous and mafic rock outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood,
Jackson, Madison, Rutherford)
22
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Draba reptans Creeping Draba SR-P SH G5
P: dry soil (Lincoln*)
Drosera filiformis Threadleaf Sundew SR-P S2 G4
C: depression ponds, wet borrow pits, and ditches in various
habitats including savannas, riverine sand ridges, and bay rims
(Bladen, Brunswick*, Columbus, Duplin, Robeson, Sampson)
Echinacea laevigata Smooth Coneflower E-SC E S1S2 G2G3
P: glades, woodlands, and open areas over mafic rocks (Durham,
Granville, Mecklenburg, Montgomery*, Orange*, Rockingham*)
Echinacea pallida Pale Coneflower SR-D S1 G4
P: mafic glades and barrens (Gaston*, Granville, McDowell*,
Mecklenburg*, Richmond, Rutherford)
Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower SR-P S1 G4
M: open woods and clearings (Graham, Jackson*, Madison*,
McDowell, Randolph, Rutherford*, Yadkin*)
Echinodorus tenellus Dwarf Burhead SR-T S1 G5?
C: drawdown zones of clay-based Carolina bays and blackwater
rivers (Brunswick, Robeson)
Eleocharis atropurpurea Purple Spikerush SR-D S1 G4G5
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Scotland*)
Eleocharis cellulosa Gulfcoast Spikerush SR-P S2 G4G5
CT: interdune ponds, brackish marshes & tidal freshwater marshes
(Beaufort, Carteret, Dare*, Hyde, Onslow*, Washington)
Eleocharis elongata Florida Spikerush SR-P S1 G5?
C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Onslow)
Eleocharis halophila Saltmarsh Spikerush T S1 G4
CT: brackish and freshwater marshes (Dare, Hyde*)
Eleocharis montevidensis Sand Spikerush SR-P S1 G5
CT: maritime wet grassland (Currituck*, Hyde, Onslow)
Eleocharis parvula Little-spike Spikerush SR-D S1 G5
CT: brackish and fresh marshes (Brunswick, Carteret, Hyde,
Onslow, Tyrrell)
Eleocharis robbinsii Robbins' Spikerush SR-P S2 G4G5
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, peat-burn lakes,
millponds, beaver ponds, artificial lakes (Bladen*, Brunswick,
Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New
Hanover, Onslow, Sampson, Scotland, Washington)
Eleocharis rostellata Beaked Spikerush SR-O S2 G5
CT: brackish marshes (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret,
Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Pamlico)
Eleocharis vivipara Viviparous Spikerush SR-O S1 G5
C: bogs and pools (New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Elymus trachycaulus ssp. G5T5
trachycaulus
Slender Wheatgrass SR-P S1
M: olivine barrens (Clay)
Elymus virginicus var. halophilus Terrell Grass SR-P S1 G5T5
C: brackish marshes, maritime forests and hammocks (Beaufort*,
Craven, Washington)
Enemion biternatum Eastern Isopyrum SR-P S2 G5
PC: rich bottomlands, levees, and lower slopes (Chatham*,
Cumberland, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Lee,
Northampton, Orange*, Person, Vance)
23
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Epidendrum magnoliae Green Fly Orchid SR-P S2 G4
C: epiphytic on trees in blackwater river swamps (Bladen,
Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, Pender)
Epilobium ciliatum Purpleleaf Willowherb SR-P S2 G5
M: seeps and bogs (Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Henderson,
Jackson*, Macon, Madison, Mitchell*, Swain*, Watauga,
Yancey+)
Eriocaulon aquaticum Seven-angled Pipewort SR-P S2 G5
CS: blackwater creeks, natural lakes, tidal freshwater marshes
(Bladen+, Brunswick*, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Hoke,
Moore, Perquimans*, Tyrrell, Washington)
Eriocaulon lineare Narrow Pipewort E SNA G4
Reported from NC mountains in error, but still listed by NC PCP.
Eriocaulon parkeri Estuary Pipewort SR-T S1 G3
C: natural lakes (Hyde, Tyrrell)
Eriocaulon texense Texas Hatpins E S1 G4
S: streamhead seepage ecotones and seepage slopes (Cumberland,
Richmond)
Eriogonum tomentosum Southern Wild-buckwheat SR-P SH G4G5
C: sandhills (Bladen*)
Eryngium aquaticum var. ravenelii Marsh Eryngo SR-P S1 G4T2T4Q
C: wet flatwoods with a calcareous influence, ditches
Erythrina herbacea Coralbean SR-P S2 G5
TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret*, New Hanover)
Eupatorium anomalum Florida Thoroughwort SR-T S1? G2G3
C: wet savannas
Eupatorium leptophyllum Limesink Dog-fennel SR-P S2 G4G5
C: limesink ponds and clay-based Carolina bays (Brunswick, New
Hanover, Robeson, Scotland)
Eupatorium paludicola Bay Boneset SR-L S1S2 G2
C: cypress savannas, clay-based bays, and small depressions ponds
(Onslow, Scotland)
Eupatorium resinosum Pine Barren Boneset T-SC S3 G3
SC: seepage bogs, impoundments, shrub swamps, openings in
streamhead pocosins (Bladen, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore,
Robeson, Sampson, Scotland)
Eupatorium saltuense Tall Boneset SR-L S1? G4
P: upland forests, woodland borders (Burke, Caswell*, Cleveland,
Granville*, McDowell, Person, Rutherford, Warren*)
Euphorbia commutata Cliff Spurge SR-P S1 G5
MP: thin soil around mafic or calcareous outcrops (Buncombe,
Caswell*, Haywood, Rutherford)
Euphorbia mercurialina Cumberland Spurge SR-P S2 G4
P: rich slopes over gabbro (Anson, Richmond)
Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3
M: forests, especially over mafic rock (Ashe*, Buncombe, Clay,
Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain,
Watauga*, Yancey)
Eurybia avita Alexander's Rock Aster SR-T FSC SX G3
M: thin soil around granitic outcrops (Transylvania*)
24
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Eurybia mirabilis Piedmont Aster SR-T FSC S3 G2G3
P: rich slopes and bottomlands (Anson, Macon*, Mecklenburg,
Montgomery, Richmond, Stanly, Union)
Eurybia spectabilis Showy Aster SR-O S2? G5
CMP: pine barrens and woodland borders (Bertie*, Cabarrus*,
Chatham, Chowan*, Craven*, Durham, Gates*, Hertford, Jones,
Lee*, Onslow, Pitt*, Polk, Robeson, Rowan*, Stanly*)
Eustachys glauca Saltmarsh Fingergrass SR-P SH G4
T: salt marshes
Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie E S1 G4G5
M: bogs, wet meadows (Buncombe*, Haywood, Macon,
Watauga*, Yancey)
Fimbristylis perpusilla Harper's Fimbry E FSC S1 G2
C: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus)
Fleischmannia incarnata Pink Thoroughwort SR-P S2 G5
PMC: rich woods and thin woodlands over diabase, calcareous
rocks, other basic rocks, or rich alluvium (Alexander, Durham*,
Madison, Martin*, Polk, Richmond, Warren*, Wilkes)
Fothergilla major Large Witch-alder SR-T S3 G3
MP: dry ridgetop or bluff forests, seepage wetlands, and Piedmont
longleaf pine forests (Burke, Chatham, Gaston*, Harnett, Jackson,
McDowell, Montgomery, Orange, Person, Polk*, Rutherford,
Stanly, Stokes, Surry*, Transylvania, Wake)
Frasera caroliniensis Columbo SR-P S2S3 G5
M: deciduous forests on mafic soil (Cherokee*, Clay, Macon)
Gaillardia aestivalis var. aestivalis Sandhills Blanket-flower SR-P S2 G5TNR
S: dry sandy roadsides, dry longleaf pine-oak uplands
(Cumberland*, Hoke, Moore*, Richmond, Scotland)
Galactia mollis Soft Milk-pea SR-P S2 G4G5
CST: loamy sand depressions in longleaf pine-oak uplands
(Brunswick*, Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Scotland, Wayne*)
Gaylussacia brachycera Box Huckleberry SR-D S1 G3
P: dry ridges and slopes (Durham)
Gaylussacia nana Confederate Huckleberry E S1 G4
C: coastal fringe sandhill (New Hanover)
Gaylussacia orocola Appalachian Dwarf SR-L S1 G1
Huckleberry
M: bogs
Gelsemium rankinii Swamp Jessamine SR-P S1S2 G5
C: floodplains of blackwater rivers and streams (Brunswick,
Columbus, Cumberland*, New Hanover, Pender, Robeson)
Gentiana alba Yellow Gentian SR-D SH G4
M: habitat not known (Watauga*)
Gentianopsis crinita Fringed Gentian E-SC S1 G5
M: glades, serpentine barrens, open sites over basic rocks (Ashe,
Clay, Macon*, Watauga)
Geum aleppicum Yellow Avens SR-P S1 G5
M: bogs (Avery, Swain*)
Geum geniculatum Bent Avens T FSC S1S2 G1G2
M: high elevation forests, streambanks, seepage slopes (Avery,
Caldwell, Mitchell, Watauga)
25
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Geum laciniatum var. G5T3T5
trichocarpum
Rough Avens SR-P S1
M: bogs (Avery, Wilkes*)
Geum lobatum Lobed Barren-strawberry SR-T FSC S1 G2G3
M: streambanks and ravines (Jackson*, Transylvania)
Geum radiatum Spreading Avens E-SC E S2 G2
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe,
Burke*, Haywood, Mitchell, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Gillenia stipulata Indian Physic SR-P S2 G5
P: forests and open woods, mainly over mafic rocks (Cabarrus*,
Chatham*, Davidson, Durham, Granville, Lee*, McDowell,
Montgomery, Moore*, Orange*, Person, Union, Wake)
Glyceria laxa Lax Mannagrass SR-P S1 G5
M: seeps (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Henderson, Macon,
Transylvania)
Glyceria nubigena Smoky Mountain Mannagrass T FSC S2 G2
M: high elevation seeps (Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Swain,
Transylvania)
Gratiola aurea Golden Hedge-hyssop SR-O S1 G5
C: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers (Bladen, Brunswick,
Columbus, Gates*, Pender, Sampson)
Gratiola ramosa Branched Hedge-hyssop SR-P S1 G4G5
CS: cypress savannas and clay-based Carolina bays (Hoke,
Robeson*, Scotland)
Gymnocarpium appalachianum Appalachian Oak Fern E FSC S1 G3
M: shaded and sheltered crevices on high elevation rocky summits
(Ashe)
Hackelia virginiana Virginia Stickseed SR-P S1S2 G5
MP: woods and thickets with circumneutral soil (Alleghany,
Ashe*, Avery*, Burke*, Caldwell, Clay*, Gaston*, Granville,
Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, McDowell, Polk*, Rutherford,
Vance)
Hasteola suaveolens Sweet Indian-plantain SR-T SH G4
M: bottomlands (Buncombe*, Henderson*, Transylvania*)
Helenium brevifolium Littleleaf Sneezeweed E S2 G4
PMC: bogs, seeps, riverbanks, other wet sites (Alleghany,
Brunswick*, Clay, Henderson*, Iredell, Lenoir*, Lincoln,
Montgomery, Rowan*, Wake*)
Helenium pinnatifidum Dissected Sneezeweed SR-P S2 G4
C: savannas and open, wet, mucky sites (Bladen, Brunswick,
Columbus, New Hanover*, Pender, Robeson*)
Helenium vernale Spring Sneezeweed E S1 G4?
C: savannas and adjacent ditches (Brunswick, Columbus)
Helianthus floridanus Florida Sunflower E S1 G3G4
C: savannas and pocosins (Bladen, Brunswick+, Columbus)
Helianthus laevigatus Smooth Sunflower SR-P S3 G4
PM: shaly open woods and roadsides (Anson, Burke, Cleveland*,
Davidson, McDowell, Montgomery, Rowan, Rutherford, Stanly,
Union)
Helianthus occidentalis var. G5T2T3
dowellianus
Naked-stem Sunflower SR-P SX
M: sandy bottomlands (Buncombe*)
26
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Helianthus schweinitzii Schweinitz's Sunflower E E S3 G3
P: open woods and roadsides (Anson, Cabarrus, Davidson, Gaston,
Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Stanly,
Stokes, Surry, Union)
Heliotropium curassavicum var. G5T5
curassavicum
Seaside Heliotrope SR-P SH
T: salt flats and salt marshes (Hyde*)
Helonias bullata Swamp Pink T-SC T S2 G3
M: bogs (Ashe, Henderson, Jackson, Transylvania)
Heteranthera multiflora Multiflowered Mud-plantain SR-P S1 G4
C: open pools in brownwater or blackwater river floodplains
(Bertie*, Martin*, Pasquotank*, Perquimans*, Washington)
Heuchera hispida Hispid Alumroot SR-P S1 G5T3?
P: rich, rocky woods (Alleghany)
Heuchera pubescens Downy Alumroot SR-P S1 G4?
MP: rock outcrops (Haywood*, Madison, Stokes*, Surry*)
Hexalectris spicata Crested Coralroot SR-P S2 G5
PMC: dry or mesic woods on basic soils (Alleghany, Burke*,
Cabarrus, Clay, Cumberland, Davidson*, Davie*, Durham,
Franklin*, Granville, Harnett, Hoke, Jackson*, Johnston*, Jones*,
Lincoln, Macon, Madison*, Mecklenburg*, Orange, Polk*,
Randolph, Rutherford, Stanly, Surry*)
Hexastylis contracta Mountain Heartleaf E FSC S1 G3
M: acidic forests under rhododendron (Buncombe, Caldwell,
Henderson)
Hexastylis naniflora Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S3 G3
P: rich deciduous forests, bluffs, and ravines (Alexander, Burke,
Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland, Iredell, Lincoln, Polk, Rutherford)
Hexastylis rhombiformis French Broad Heartleaf T FSC S2 G2
MP: cove forests (Buncombe, Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)
Hibiscus aculeatus Comfortroot SR-P S1 G4G5
C: bay forests, sand ridges, and roadsides (Carteret, New Hanover,
Robeson)
Hierochloe odorata Holy Grass E S1 G5
M: bogs (Ashe, Macon)
Hottonia inflata Featherfoil SR-O S1 G4
CPT: pools in blackwater or brownwater swamps, interdune ponds
(Bertie, Dare, Edgecombe*, Gates, Halifax, Johnston, Martin,
Tyrrell)
Houstonia montana Roan Mountain Bluet E E S2 G2
M: high elevation rocky summits, grassy balds (Ashe, Avery,
Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
Hudsonia montana Mountain Golden-heather E T S1 G1
M: gorge rim outcrops, rocky summits, pine-oak/heath ridges
(Burke, McDowell)
Hudsonia tomentosa Sand Heather SR-P S2 G5
T: openings in maritime forest, blowouts, and dunes (Currituck,
Dare)
Huperzia porophila Rock Fir-clubmoss SR-P S2 G4
M: in spray zone of waterfalls (Henderson*, Jackson, Macon,
Polk*, Rutherford, Transylvania)
27
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal E-SC S2 G4
MP: cove forests, other rich deciduous forests (Alleghany,
Buncombe, Graham, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Polk,
Rockingham, Stokes, Swain, Watauga*)
Hymenocallis occidentalis Hillside Spider-lily SR-P SH G4?
M: wooded hillsides (McDowell*)
Hymenocallis pygmaea Waccamaw River Spiderlily SR-L FSC S1 G1G2Q
C: banks of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus)
Hymenophyllum tayloriae Gorge Filmy Fern E FSC S1S2 G2
M: moist grottoes and spray cliffs in escarpment gorges with high
rainfall (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania)
Hypericum adpressum Bog St. John's-wort SR-T FSC SH G3
C: streamside seepage areas, depression ponds and other isolated
wetlands (Halifax*, Northampton*)
Hypericum brachyphyllum Coastal Plain St. John's-wort SR-P S1S2 G5
C: wet pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Hypericum fasciculatum Peelbark St. John's-wort SR-D S1 G5
CS: beaver ponds, low pinelands, pools (Cumberland*, Hoke,
Moore, New Hanover*, Robeson)
Hypericum sp. 1 Radford's St. John's-wort SR-L FSC S2 G2
P: thin soils around rock outcrops in the Brushy Mountains
Hypericum suffruticosum Pineland St. John's-wort SR-P SH G4G5
C: pine savannas (Bladen*, Sampson*)
Hypoxis juncea Fringed Yellow Stargrass SR-P S1 G4?
C: savannas (Bladen, Pender)
Hypoxis rigida Stiff-leaved Yellow Stargrass SR-P S2 G4
CS: savannas and seepage slopes associated with streamheads
(Brunswick, Moore*)
Hypoxis sessilis Sessile Yellow Stargrass SR-P SH G4
CS: savannas, pinelands (Pender*)
Ilex collina Long-stalked Holly T S1 G3
M: bogs, wet streamsides, or high elevation forests (Ashe,
Haywood, Swain, Watauga)
Ilex longipes Georgia Holly SR-P S1 G5
P: upland forests and woodlands (Anson*, Iredell*, Mecklenburg,
Nash*, Rutherford, Wilson*)
Ipomoea imperati Beach Morning-glory SR-P S1 G5
T: sea beaches and foredunes (Brunswick, Carteret)
Iris prismatica Slender Blue Iris SR-T S1S2 G4G5
CM: bogs, marshes, and wet powerline clearings (Harnett)
Isoetes microvela Thin-wall Quillwort E FSC S1 G1
C: emergent riverbanks, calcareous influenced riverbanks
(Brunswick, Jones, Onslow, Sampson)
Isoetes piedmontana Piedmont Quillwort T S2 G3
P: granite flatrocks and diabase glades (Anson, Franklin, Granville,
Rowan*, Rutherford, Wake)
Isoetes virginica Virginia Quillwort SR-L FSC S1 G1
P: upland depression swamp forests, clayey soils (Cabarrus*,
Caswell*, Chatham*, Person, Rowan*, Stanly*, Union*)
Isolepis carinata Keeled Beakrush SR-P S1 G5
PC: wet places, granitic flatrocks (Anson)
28
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T S2 G2
MP: forests, especially with white pine (Burke, Cherokee,
Guilford, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon*, McDowell,
Rutherford, Surry*, Transylvania)
Iva microcephala Small-headed Marsh Elder SR-P S2 G5
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Robeson, Scotland)
Jeffersonia diphylla Twinleaf SR-P S1 G5
M: rich cove forests, especially over calcareous rocks (Jackson,
Madison)
Juncus articulatus Jointleaf Rush SR-D SH G5
C: marshes
Juncus caesariensis New Jersey Rush E FSC S1 G2
M: seepage bog (Clay, Henderson)
Juncus dudleyi Dudley's Rush SR-P S1 G5
M: calcareous seepages and riverscours
Juncus militaris Bayonet Rush SR-D S1 G4
C: exposed peaty-sandy shorelines of lakes (Washington)
Juncus trifidus Highland Rush E S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe, Buncombe, Mitchell)
Juniperus communis var. depressa Dwarf Juniper SR-D S1 G5T5
MP: high elevation granitic domes, low elevation rocky summits
(Buncombe*, Cleveland, Gaston, Macon, Rutherford)
Kalmia angustifolia Sheep-laurel SR-P S1 G5
C: sandy, xeric to mesic hillsides (Gates)
Lachnocaulon minus Brown Bogbutton SR-P S2 G3G4
CS: depression ponds and ditches (Brunswick, New Hanover,
Onslow, Pender)
Lathyrus pusillus Tiny Peavine SR-D S1 G5?
PC: wet, disturbed sites (McDowell*)
Lechea maritima var. virginica Maritime Pinweed SR-T S1 G5T3Q
T: barren dunefields with Hudsonia tomentosa (Dare)
Lechea torreyi Torrey's Pinweed SR-P S1 G4
CS: sandhills, savannas (Brunswick, Moore*, Pender)
Leersia lenticularis Catchfly Cutgrass SR-P S2? G5
C: low woods (Bladen, Craven, Johnston, Pender)
Leptochloa fascicularis var. G5T3T4Q
maritima
Long-awned Spangletop SR-O S1
CT: fresh to brackish tidal marshes (Brunswick, Currituck, Dare*,
Hyde, Tyrrell)
Liatris aspera Rough Blazing-star SR-P S1 G4G5
M: glades, open woods, fens (Ashe, Burke*, Cleveland,
Henderson*, Jackson*, McDowell, Polk*, Rutherford, Stanly,
Transylvania*)
Liatris helleri Heller's Blazing-star T-SC T S2 G2
M: high elevation rocky summits, cliffs (Ashe, Avery, Burke,
Caldwell, Mitchell*, Watauga)
Liatris microcephala Small-head Blazing-star SR-P S1 G3G4
M: rock outcrops, glades, dry woodlands (Macon*, Polk*,
Rutherford)
29
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Liatris squarrulosa Earle's Blazing-star SR-P S2 G4G5
PSM: diabase glades, open woods especially over mafic rocks; also
loamy-sand soils in longleaf pine-oak sandhills (Anson,
Cumberland, Durham, Graham, Granville, Harnett+, Hoke,
Orange*, Person, Richmond, Robeson, Rutherford, Scotland,
Stokes+, Swain*, Wake)
Liatris turgida Shale-barren Blazing-star SR-T S1S2 G3
M: dry rocky woods (Buncombe*, Burke, Cleveland, Macon,
Polk*, Rutherford)
Lilaeopsis carolinensis Carolina Grasswort T S2 G3G5
TC: freshwater marshes, pools, tidal marshes (Brunswick,
Camden, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Pasquotank,
Perquimans, Washington)
Lilium canadense ssp. canadense Yellow Canada Lily SR-P S1 G5T4?
MP: bogs, wet meadows (Cabarrus, Watauga)
Lilium canadense ssp. editorum Red Canada Lily SR-P S1 G5T4
MP: bogs, wet meadows (Alleghany, Avery*, Cabarrus, Graham,
Henderson, Randolph, Rutherford*, Stanly*)
Lilium grayi Gray's Lily T-SC FSC S3 G3
M: bogs, wet meadows, seeps, grassy balds, high elevation forests
(Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood,
Henderson*, McDowell, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
Lilium philadelphicum var. G5T4T5
philadelphicum
Wood Lily SR-P S2
M: grassy balds, glades (Ashe, Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Polk+,
Swain, Watauga, Yancey*)
Lilium pyrophilum Sandhills Lily E-SC FSC S2 G2
CS: streamhead pocosin ecotones and openings (Cumberland,
Harnett, Hoke, Lee*, Moore, Nash*, Northampton*, Richmond,
Scotland)
Limosella australis Awl-leaf Mudwort SR-P S1 G4G5
T: tidal marshes (Currituck)
Lindera melissifolia Pondberry E E S1 G2G3
C: Carolina bays and seasonally wet depressions (Bladen*,
Cumberland, Onslow, Orange*, Sampson)
Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T FSC S2S3 G2G3
SP: streamhead pocosins, white cedar swamps, seepage slopes
(Anson*, Chatham, Cumberland, Hoke, Johnston, Lee,
Montgomery*, Moore, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake)
Linum floridanum var. G5?T3?
chrysocarpum
Yellow-fruited Flax SR-T S1S2
C: pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Linum sulcatum var. sulcatum Glade Flax SR-P SH G5T5
P: diabase glades (Durham*, Granville*)
Liparis loeselii Fen Orchid SR-P S1 G5
MT: seeps, bay swamps (Alleghany, Ashe+, Avery*, Dare,
Jackson*, Rutherford*, Swain, Watauga*)
Lipocarpha micrantha Small-flowered Hemicarpha E SH G5
CT: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers, salt marshes
(Columbus*, Dare*)
Lithospermum canescens Hoary Puccoon SR-P S2 G5
P: diabase glades, open woods over diabase (Durham, Granville)
30
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2S3 G3
C: limesink ponds, other pools (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret,
Craven, Cumberland, Gates, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow,
Sampson, Wayne)
Lobelia boykinii Boykin's Lobelia T FSC S2 G2G3
C: depression ponds and meadows and clay-based cypress
savannas (Bladen*, Cumberland, Hoke, Onslow, Robeson,
Scotland)
Lonicera canadensis American Fly-honeysuckle SR-P S2 G5
M: bogs, moist woods (Alleghany, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson,
Macon, Mitchell*, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Lophiola aurea Golden-crest E S2 G4
C: very wet, mucky habitats in pine savannas (Brunswick,
Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow)
Ludwigia alata Winged Seedbox SR-P S2 G3G5
TC: interdune ponds, marshes (Brunswick*, Camden, Carteret,
Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover*, Onslow*,
Pasquotank, Tyrrell*)
Ludwigia brevipes Long Beach Seedbox SR-T S1S2 G2G3
CS: natural lake shores, blackwater stream shores and
impoundments, and freshwater interdune ponds (Brunswick,
Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Currituck*, Dare*, Gates*,
Harnett*, Hyde*, Johnston*, Robeson*, Sampson*, Wayne*)
Ludwigia lanceolata Lanceleaf Seedbox SR-P S1 G3
TC: interdune ponds, open wet areas (Brunswick*, Carteret, Dare*,
New Hanover)
Ludwigia linifolia Flaxleaf Seedbox SR-P S2 G4
CT: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New
Hanover, Onslow)
Ludwigia ravenii Raven's Seedbox SR-T FSC S1 G1G2
C: savannas, swamps, marshes, wet open places (Brunswick*,
Carteret, Chowan*, Columbus, Craven*, Duplin*, Gates*, New
Hanover*, Pamlico*, Perquimans*, Sampson*)
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Globe-fruit Seedbox SR-P S1 G5
CS: bogs, pools, and lake shores (Bladen*, Columbus, Craven,
Dare*, Hoke*, Johnston*, Moore, New Hanover, Richmond,
Washington, Wayne*)
Ludwigia suffruticosa Shrubby Seedbox SR-P S2 G5
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays (Bladen*,
Brunswick, New Hanover, Onslow, Robeson, Scotland)
Lupinus villosus Lady Lupine SR-P S2 G5
C: sandhills and other dry sandy woods (Bladen, Brunswick,
Moore, Pender)
Luziola fluitans Southern Water Grass SR-P S2 G4G5
C: pools, lakes, streams (Bladen, Columbus, Moore, Pender,
Richmond, Scotland, Washington)
Lycopodiella inundata Bog Clubmoss SR-P S1 G5
M: bogs and seeps (Avery, Haywood, Watauga)
Lycopus angustifolius Southern Bog Water- SR-P S1 G4?Q
horehound
C: bogs and marshes (Bladen, Columbus, Richmond)
31
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Lysimachia asperulifolia Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E S3 G3
CS: pocosin/savanna ecotones, pocosins (Beaufort*, Bladen,
Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Craven, Cumberland, Harnett,
Hoke, Montgomery*, Moore*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*,
Pender, Richmond, Scotland)
Lysimachia fraseri Fraser's Loosestrife E FSC S3 G3
M: wet forest borders, roadsides, alluvial meadows (Buncombe*,
Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon, Polk*, Swain,
Transylvania)
Lysimachia hybrida Lowland Loosestrife SR-P S2? G5
MPC: bottomlands (Pender)
Lysimachia tonsa Southern Loosestrife SR-P S2 G4
P: upland forests and openings (Burke, Madison, Orange*,
Rutherford, Surry, Vance)
Lythrum lanceolatum Southern Winged-loosestrife SR-T S1 G5
C: marshes and low, wet places
Macbridea caroliniana Carolina Bogmint T FSC S2 G2G3
C: blackwater swamps, savanna/pocosin ecotones, ditches (Bladen,
Brunswick, Columbus, Harnett, Johnston, Jones*, Pender,
Robeson, Sampson)
Magnolia macrophylla Bigleaf Magnolia SR-P S2 G5
P: rich deciduous forests (Gaston, Henderson, Iredell, Wake)
Malaxis bayardii Appalachian Adder's-mouth SR-T S1 G1G2
MP: upland forests (Caldwell*, McDowell, Watauga*)
Malaxis spicata Florida Adder's-mouth SR-P S1 G4?
CT: maritime swamp forests, calcareous but mucky outer coastal
plain swamps (Brunswick*, Carteret, Chowan, Craven, Dare,
Jones)
Marshallia grandiflora Large-flowered Barbara's- SR-T SH G2
buttons
FSC
MP: bogs, dry basic soils (Henderson*, Polk*)
Marshallia sp. 1 Butner Barbara's-buttons SR-L FSC S1 G1
P: clayey upland soils over diabase (Granville)
Marshallia trinervia Broadleaf Barbara's-buttons SR-P SH G3
M: moist rocky streambanks and in calcareous clays (Macon*)
Matelea decipiens Glade Milkvine SR-P S3 G5
PC: thin woodlands over mafic or calcareous rocks (Alamance,
Alexander, Anson, Burke, Davidson*, Durham, Franklin,
Granville, Hertford*, Mecklenburg, Orange, Richmond,
Rutherford, Stanly, Wake)
Matelea obliqua Climbing Milkvine SR-P SH G4?
M: dry, rocky woodlands over calcareous rocks
Meehania cordata Meehania SR-P S2 G5
M: cove forests, boulderfields (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*,
Haywood, Madison, Watauga, Yancey)
Melica nitens Three-flowered Melic SR-P S1 G5
M: open calcareous woods (Madison)
Menyanthes trifoliata Buckbean T S1 G5
M: bogs (Alleghany*, Watauga)
32
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Micranthes caroliniana Carolina Saxifrage SR-T FSC S3 G3
MP: high to middle elevation moist cliffs and rock outcrops
(Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Cleveland, Graham,
Haywood, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Rutherford, Swain*,
Watauga, Yancey)
Micranthes pensylvanica Swamp Saxifrage SR-P S1 G5
MP: bogs, seeps (Wake, Watauga)
Micropolypodium nimbatum West Indian Dwarf Polypody E FSC S1 G4?
(=Grammitis nimbata) M: spray zone behind waterfalls (Macon)
Milium effusum Millet-grass SR-P S1 G5
M: high elevation forests or openings (Swain)
Minuartia godfreyi Godfrey's Sandwort E FSC S1 G1
C: tidal freshwater marshes (Craven, Jones*)
Minuartia groenlandica Greenland Sandwort SR-D S2 G5
MP: high elevation and low elevation rocky summits (Alleghany,
Ashe, Avery, Burke, Caldwell, Henderson, McDowell, Mitchell,
Stokes*, Surry)
Minuartia uniflora Single-flowered Sandwort E S1 G4
P: granite flatrocks (Anson, Rowan*, Rutherford)
Monarda media Purple Bee-balm SR-P S1? G4?
M: grassy balds (Avery, Jackson)
Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3
PM: dry forests and bluffs (Alamance+, Alleghany+, Buncombe,
Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Chatham, Clay, Cleveland, Durham,
Henderson, Jackson, Macon+, McDowell, Orange, Person*, Polk+,
Rutherford, Stokes, Swain*, Transylvania, Wake*)
Muhlenbergia glabriflora Clay-pan Muhly SR-P SH G4?
P: clay soils
Muhlenbergia glomerata Spiked Muhly SR-P S1 G5
M: olivine barrens, fens, mafic cliffs (Ashe, Avery, Clay)
Muhlenbergia sobolifera Rock Muhly SR-P SH G5
M: dripping cliffs and rocky slopes (McDowell*, Mitchell*,
Transylvania*)
Muhlenbergia torreyana Pinebarren Smokegrass E S2 G3
CS: cypress savannas (Brunswick, Cumberland, Hoke, Onslow,
Pender, Richmond, Robeson)
Myrica gale Sweet Gale E S1 G5
M: bogs (Henderson)
Myriophyllum laxum Loose Water-milfoil T FSC S2 G3
CS: limesink ponds, waters of natural lakes (Brunswick, Carteret,
Craven*, Cumberland, Hoke, Onslow)
Myriophyllum pinnatum Cutleaf Water-milfoil SR-T S1 G5
CS: pools and ditches (Brunswick, Currituck*)
Myriophyllum tenellum Leafless Water-milfoil SR-P S1 G5
C: waters of natural lakes (Bladen, Washington)
Narthecium americanum Bog Asphodel E C SNA G2
M: bogs
Narthecium montanum Appalachian Yellow Asphodel SR-L SX GX
M: bogs (Henderson*)
33
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Oenothera perennis Perennial Sundrops SR-P S2 G5
MPC: wet meadows and bogs (Avery*, Burke, Clay, Hertford*,
Iredell*, Jackson, Macon, McDowell*, Transylvania, Tyrrell*,
Watauga)
Oenothera riparia Riverbank Evening-primrose SR-L S2S3 G2G3
C: tidal marshes (Brunswick, New Hanover, Pender)
Oldenlandia boscii Bosc's Bluet SR-P S2 G5
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland,
Hoke, Scotland*)
Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. setarius Shortleaf Basket Grass SR-P S1 G5TNR
TC: maritime forests, bottomlands (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret,
Dare, Onslow, Pender)
Orbexilum macrophyllum Bigleaf Scurfpea E FSC SX GX
M: low mountain forests or outcrops? (Polk*)
Orbexilum onobrychis Lanceleaf Scurfpea SR-T SH G5
M: habitat in North Carolina not known (Haywood*)
Oxypolis canbyi Canby's Dropwort E E S1 G2
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Scotland*)
Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny Spurge SR-P S1 G4G5
P: cove forests (Polk)
Packera crawfordii Bog Ragwort SR-T S1 G2G3
CM: bogs, fens, and wet savannas (Onslow, Pender, Watauga,
Yancey)
Packera millefolium Divided-leaf Ragwort T FSC S2 G2
M: granitic domes, other outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood,
Henderson, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Polk, Rutherford,
Transylvania)
Packera paupercula var. G5TNR
appalachiana
Prairie Ragwort SR-P S1
M: mafic and calcareous glades, rock outcrops, and cliffs (Ashe,
Clay, Madison)
Packera paupercula var. G5TNR
paupercula
Balsam Ragwort SR-P S1?
PMC: fens, bogs, and diabase glades (Avery*, Burke, Caldwell*,
McDowell, Nash*, Rutherford, Transylvania*, Watauga*)
Packera schweinitziana Schweinitz's Ragwort E S2 G5?
(=Senecio schweinitzianus) M: grassy balds (Avery, Buncombe,
Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
Panicum flexile Wiry Panic Grass SR-P S1 G5
PM: glades and openings over mafic rocks (Ashe*, Durham,
Granville, Henderson, Orange*)
Panicum lithophilum Flatrock Panic Grass SR-T FSC S1 G2G3Q
MP: soil islands on granite flatrocks (Anson)
Parietaria praetermissa Large-seed Pellitory SR-P S1 G3G4
TC: shell middens, disturbed sites, maritime forests (Brunswick*,
Carteret, Hyde, New Hanover*, Onslow)
Parnassia caroliniana Carolina Grass-of-parnassus E FSC S2 G3
CS: wet savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland,
Harnett, Hoke, Lee*, Onslow, Pender, Scotland)
34
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Parnassia grandifolia Large-leaved Grass-of- T S2 G3
parnassus
FSC
MCP: fens and seeps over calcareous or mafic rocks (Alleghany,
Ashe, Avery*, Brunswick, Buncombe*, Clay, Columbus,
Haywood, Macon, McDowell, Pender, Transylvania, Watauga)
Paronychia herniarioides Michaux's Whitlow-wort E S1 G2G4
S: sandhills (Scotland)
Parthenium auriculatum Glade Wild Quinine SR-T S2 G3G4
PM: glades and openings over mafic rocks (Burke, Caswell,
Durham, Franklin, Granville, Guilford*, Macon*, Mecklenburg,
Montgomery, Orange, Person, Rockingham*, Rutherford, Stanly,
Warren*)
Paspalum dissectum Mudbank Crown Grass SR-P S2 G4?
CTP: mudflats, other open wet areas (Brunswick, Columbus,
Craven, Moore, Pender, Scotland, Union*)
Paspalum fluitans Horsetail Crown Grass SR-P S1 G5
CP: seepage areas in swamp forests (Bertie*, Bladen*, Chatham*,
Harnett, Martin*, Northampton*)
Paspalum vaginatum Seashore Crown Grass SR-P S1S2 G5
CPT: brackish marshes, low wet places (Carteret, Hyde, Onslow)
Pedicularis lanceolata Swamp Lousewort SR-P S1 G5
M: bottomlands, swampy woods (Buncombe*, Cherokee*, Clay,
Haywood, Jackson*, Macon*, Watauga*)
Pellaea wrightiana Wright's Cliff-brake E-SC S1 G5
P: rock outcrops, mafic or with nutrient-rich seepage (Alexander,
Stanly)
Peltandra sagittifolia Spoonflower SR-P S2S3 G3G4
C: pocosins, other wet, peaty sites (Brunswick, Carteret,
Columbus*, Craven*, Dare, Jones*, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pender)
Persicaria amphibia Water Smartweed SR-P S1 G5
MPC: marshes (Beaufort*)
Persicaria hirsuta Hairy Smartweed SR-P S1 G3G4
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, drawdown zones of
blackwater riverbanks (Brunswick, Carteret*, Onslow*,
Richmond*, Scotland)
Phacelia covillei Buttercup Phacelia SR-T FSC S3 G3
PC: bottomlands, rich lower slopes (Alamance, Chatham, Harnett,
Lee, Moore, Orange, Vance)
Phacelia maculata Spotted Phacelia SR-P S1 G3G4
P: granite flatrocks and creek bottomlands (Cleveland)
Phanopyrum gymnocarpon Swamp Panic Grass SR-O S1 G5
C: tidal and blackwater cypress-gum swamps (Bladen, Martin,
Pender)
Phegopteris connectilis Northern Beech Fern SR-P S2 G5
M: spray zone of waterfalls, spruce-fir forests, high elevation
seepage bogs (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swain*,
Transylvania)
Phemeranthus sp. 1 Piedmont Fameflower E S1? G1?
(=Talinum mengesii) P: shallow soil over mafic rock, where
periodically wet by seepage (Granville)
35
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Phlox subulata Moss Pink SR-P S1 G5
M: outcrops and glades, especially over mafic rocks (Ashe,
Buncombe, Jackson*, Madison, Yancey*)
Pinguicula lutea Yellow Butterwort SR-P S2 G4G5
C: savannas (Bladen, Brunswick+, Columbus, New Hanover,
Pender)
Pinguicula pumila Small Butterwort SR-P S2 G4
C: savannas (Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Pityopsis graminifolia var. G5T4
graminifolia
A Silkgrass SR-P S1
C: savannas, pine flatwoods, sandy roadsides (Brunswick,
Columbus)
Plantago cordata Heart-leaf Plantain E S1 G4
P: beds of small, slate-bottomed, perennial streams (Davidson)
Plantago sparsiflora Pineland Plantain E FSC S1S2 G3
C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow,
PlataPnethnedrear) f lava var. herbiola Northern Green Orchid SR-P S1? G4T4Q
M: bogs and moist forests (Buncombe*, Burke, Clay*, Forsyth*,
Graham*, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon, Swain*, Transylvania,
Watauga)
Platanthera grandiflora Large Purple-fringed Orchid SR-P S2 G5
M: bogs, seeps, grassy balds, high elevation moist forests and
banks (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Clay, Haywood*,
Macon, McDowell, Swain, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey)
Platanthera integra Yellow Fringeless Orchid T S2 G3G4
CMP: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Cherokee*, Columbus,
Craven, Forsyth*, Henderson*, Onslow*, Pamlico*, Pender,
Robeson*, Rowan*)
Platanthera integrilabia White Fringeless Orchid E C SH G2G3
M: bogs (Cherokee*, Henderson*)
Platanthera nivea Snowy Orchid T S1 G5
C: wet savannas (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus*,
Craven, Dare*, Hoke*, New Hanover*, Pender, Robeson*)
Platanthera peramoena Purple Fringeless Orchid SR-P S2 G5
MP: bogs, forests (Buncombe+, Burke*, Caldwell*, Clay*,
Durham, Forsyth+, Guilford, Haywood*, Henderson+, Jackson*,
Macon, Mitchell*, Orange, Swain*, Transylvania, Warren,
Watauga, Yancey*)
Poa paludigena Bog Bluegrass E FSC S1 G3
M: bogs (Ashe, Avery, Watauga*)
Poa palustris Swamp Bluegrass SR-P S1 G5
M: spruce-fir forests, grassy balds (Avery, Haywood*,
Henderson*, Macon*, Mitchell, Polk*, Swain*, Yancey*)
Poa saltuensis A Bluegrass SR-P S1 G5
M: olivine barrens (Clay, Haywood)
Polemonium reptans var. reptans Jacob's Ladder SR-P S1 G5T5
PM: moist, nutrient-rich forests such as bottomlands and rich
slopes (Ashe, Rockingham, Stokes*, Watauga*)
Polygala grandiflora Showy Milkwort SR-P S2 G5?
SC: sandhills (Hoke, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland)
36
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Polygala hookeri Hooker's Milkwort SR-T S2S3 G3
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Craven, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Polygala nana Dwarf Milkwort SR-D SH G5
M: habitat in North Carolina not known
Polygala senega Seneca Snakeroot SR-D S2 G4G5
MP: woodlands and in thin soil around outcrops, usually over
mafic or calcareous rocks (Ashe, Stanly, Transylvania, Wake)
Polygonella articulata Coast Jointweed SR-P SX G5
C: sandhills (Gates*)
Polygonum glaucum Seabeach Knotweed SR-T S1 G3
T: ocean and sound beaches (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret,
Dare*, Hyde*, New Hanover*)
Ponthieva racemosa Shadow-witch SR-P S2 G4G5
C: blackwater forests and swamps, especially over marl
(Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Jones, Onslow, Pender)
Portulaca smallii Small's Portulaca T S2 G3
P: granite flatrocks and diabase glades (Cabarrus, Forsyth*,
Franklin, Granville, Rowan, Wake)
Potamogeton amplifolius Largeleaf Pondweed SR-D S1 G5
C: submersed in blackwater streams (Brunswick, Craven*)
Potamogeton confervoides Conferva Pondweed SR-D S2 G4
SC: beaverponds and old millponds on blackwater creeks
(Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland)
Potamogeton illinoensis Illinois Pondweed SR-D S1 G5
C: alkaline waters of streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds
(Brunswick*, Dare*)
Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed SR-D SH G5
M: lakes and artificial impoundments (Buncombe*)
Potamogeton nodosus American Pondweed SR-D SH G5
CMP: ponds and streams with moderate to high PH (Carteret*,
Haywood*, Perquimans*, Vance*)
Potamogeton tennesseensis Tennessee Pondweed SR-T S1 G2
M: lakes or ponds
Prenanthes alba White Rattlesnakeroot SR-P S2? G5
M: hardwood forests (Haywood*, Henderson*, McDowell*,
Mitchell*, Rutherford+, Transylvania*)
Primula meadia Shooting-star SR-P S2S3 G5
MP: mafic cliffs, dry coniferous woodlands, and associated
nutrient-rich alluvial forests (Anson, Buncombe, Davidson*,
Haywood, Henderson, Iredell*, Jackson, Macon, Mecklenburg*,
Montgomery, Orange*, Rutherford, Stanly, Watauga*)
Prunus pumila var. susquehanae Susquehanna Cherry SR-P SH G5T4
MP: rocky forests (Durham*)
Pseudognaphalium helleri Heller's Rabbit-Tobacco SR-P S3 G3G4
PS: dry woodlands, openings, and glades, especially over mafic
rocks (Anson*, Cabarrus, Davidson, Forsyth*, Franklin*,
Granville, Guilford*, Halifax*, Hoke, Mecklenburg*,
Montgomery, Northampton*, Orange*, Person*, Rowan*,
Scotland*, Union, Wake)
Pseudognaphalium micradenium Small Rabbit-Tobacco SR-T S1 G3?
P: dry woodlands (Caswell, Granville*, Person, Stokes*, Vance)
37
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Pteroglossaspis ecristata Spiked Medusa E FSC S1 G2G3
C: pinelands (Bladen*, Cumberland*, Hoke, New Hanover*,
Robeson*)
Ptilimnium ahlesii Carolina Bishop-weed SR-L FSC S1 G1
C: tidal freshwater marshes (Brunswick, New Hanover)
Ptilimnium costatum Ribbed Bishop-weed SR-P S1 G4
CT: tidal swamps or marshes (Brunswick*, New Hanover)
Ptilimnium nodosum Harperella E E S1 G2
P: rocky riverbeds (Chatham, Granville, Lee*)
Pycnanthemum curvipes Tennessee Mountain-mint SR-T S1 G3
M: dry rocky woodlands and rock outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood,
Madison)
Pycnanthemum setosum Awned Mountain-mint SR-T S2 G4
C: blackwater swamps (Brunswick, Columbus, Jones, Pender)
Pycnanthemum torrei Torrey's Mountain-mint SR-T FSC S1 G2
PM: dry upland forests and woodlands, over mafic rocks
(Alexander*, Ashe*, Cleveland*, Gaston*, Granville*, Haywood*,
Jackson*, Macon*, Orange, Person*, Wilkes*)
Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia Mountain-mint SR-P S1? G5
CMP: forests, woodland borders, bogs (Alleghany, Brunswick,
Henderson, Wake)
Pyrola elliptica Elliptic Shinleaf SR-P S1 G5
M: moist forests (Ashe*)
Pyxidanthera brevifolia Sandhills Pyxie-moss E FSC S3 G4T3Q
(=Pyxidanthera barbulata var. brevifolia) S: sandhills
(Brunswick*, Carteret, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Jones, Lee*,
Moore)
Quercus austrina Bluff Oak SR-P S1 G4?
CP: bluff and bottomland forests over circumneutral soil (Anson,
Craven, Johnston*, Jones, Montgomery, Richmond, Sampson)
Quercus elliottii Running Oak SR-P S2 G3G5
CP: mesic pine flatwoods and dry, silty sites (Bladen, Brunswick,
Columbus, Duplin*, New Hanover*, Pender*, Robeson)
Quercus ilicifolia Bear Oak T S2 G5
P: dry summits and rocky woods on Piedmont monadnocks
(Alleghany, Burke, Gaston, Stokes, Surry)
Quercus minima Dwarf Live Oak SR-P S1 G5
C: pine flatwoods, coastal fringe sandhills (Bladen, Carteret, New
Hanover)
Quercus prinoides Dwarf Chinquapin Oak SR-P S1 G5
PM: dry, rocky slopes (Caldwell, Cleveland*, Gaston*, Guilford*,
Iredell*, Jackson*, Polk*, Rutherford, Stanly*)
Ranunculus ambigens Water-plantain Spearwort SR-P SH G4
CP: open wet areas (Bertie*, Orange*, Perquimans*)
Ranunculus fascicularis Thick-root Buttercup SR-P S1 G5
MP: serpentine and diabase barrens
Ranunculus flabellaris Yellow Water-crowfoot SR-P S1 G5
C: pools in blackwater swamps (Edgecombe*, Gates*)
Ranunculus hederaceus Ivy Buttercup SR-D SH G5
C: marshes (Currituck*)
Ranunculus micranthus Rock Buttercup SR-P S1 G5
P: rich woods on circumneutral soil (Caswell, Durham*, Person*)
38
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Rhexia aristosa Awned Meadow-beauty T FSC S3 G3
C: clay-based Carolina bays and limesink ponds (Bladen,
Brunswick*, Cumberland*, Hoke, Onslow, Robeson, Sampson,
Scotland)
Rhodiola rosea Roseroot E SH G5
(=Sedum rosea) M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe*, Avery*,
Mitchell*, Yancey*)
Rhododendron cumberlandense Cumberland Azalea SR-P S1 G4?
M: grassy or shrub balds (Graham*, Jackson, Macon, Swain,
Transylvania)
Rhododendron prinophyllum Election Pink SR-P S1 G5
M: high elevation forests (Ashe)
Rhododendron vaseyi Pink-shell Azalea SR-L S3 G3
M: high elevation oak forests, heath balds, spruce-fir forests, and
rocky areas (Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood, Jackson,
Macon, McDowell, Mitchell*, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Rhus michauxii Michaux's Sumac E-SC E S2 G2G3
SCP: sandhills, sandy forests, woodland, woodland edges
(Cumberland, Davie, Durham, Franklin, Hoke, Johnston*,
Lincoln*, Mecklenburg*, Moore, Nash, Orange*, Richmond,
Robeson, Scotland, Union*, Wake, Wilson*)
Rhynchospora alba Northern White Beaksedge SR-P S2 G5
MCS: fens, bogs, pocosin openings, limesink ponds (Alleghany,
Ashe, Bladen, Brunswick, Craven, Cumberland*, Dare, Mitchell,
Pender*, Rutherford, Tyrrell*, Watauga)
Rhynchospora breviseta Short-bristled Beaksedge SR-P S2S3 G3G4
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Onslow,
Pender)
Rhynchospora crinipes Alabama Beaksedge E FSC S1 G2
S: seepy banks of blackwater rivers (Hoke, Moore)
Rhynchospora decurrens Swamp Forest Beaksedge SR-P FSC S1S2 G3G4
C: swamp forests (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow)
Rhynchospora divergens White-seeded Beaksedge SR-P S2 G4
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Rhynchospora harperi Harper's Beaksedge SR-P S2 G4?
C: limesink ponds and cypress savannas (Brunswick, Carteret,
Onslow)
Rhynchospora macra Southern White Beaksedge E S2 G3
S: seepage bogs (Carteret, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore,
Richmond, Scotland)
Rhynchospora microcarpa Southern Beaksedge SR-P S2 G5
CTP: maritime wet grasslands, clay-based Carolina bays, limesink
ponds, swamp forests (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus)
Rhynchospora odorata Fragrant Beaksedge E S1 G4
T: maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick*, Carteret, Hyde, Pender*)
Rhynchospora pinetorum Small's Beaksedge SR-T S2 G5?T3?
C: wet savannas, maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick, Carteret,
Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Rhynchospora pleiantha Coastal Beaksedge T FSC S2 G3
C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow)
Rhynchospora thornei Thorne's Beaksedge E FSC S2 G3
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Onslow, Pender)
39
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Rhynchospora tracyi Tracy's Beaksedge SR-P S2 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds (Brunswick, New
Hanover, Onslow, Scotland)
Robinia hartwigii Hartweg's Locust SR-L S2 G2
M: high elevation granitic domes (Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*)
Robinia hispida var. fertilis Fruitful Locust SR-O S1 G4T1Q
M: acidic cove forests, northern hardwoods forests, high elevation
granitic domes (Alleghany, Avery, Burke*, Graham*, Jackson,
McDowell*, Swain, Wilkes)
Robinia hispida var. kelseyi Kelsey's Locust SR-O S1 G4T1
M: high elevation red oak forests, dry rocky woods (Buncombe*,
Burke*, Haywood, Henderson, Madison, Transylvania*)
Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus Red Raspberry SR-P S2? G5T5
M: high elevation spruce-fir forests and openings (Buncombe,
Haywood, Jackson, Swain*, Yancey)
Rudbeckia heliopsidis Sun-facing Coneflower E FSC S1 G2
C: moist pine flatwoods and woodland borders (Harnett*, Moore)
Rudbeckia triloba var. pinnatiloba Pinnate-lobed Black-eyed SR-T S1 G5T3
Susan
M: mafic cliffs (Buncombe)
Ruellia ciliosa Sandhills Wild-petunia SR-P S2 G3
S: sandhills, especially in loamy, submesic swales (Cumberland,
Hoke, Richmond, Scotland)
Ruellia humilis Low Wild-petunia T S1 G5
P: diabase glades (Durham, Granville, Wake*)
Ruellia purshiana Pursh's Wild-petunia SR-O S2 G3
PM: glades and woodlands, mostly over mafic or calcareous rocks
(Alamance, Caswell, Davidson, Durham*, Forsyth*, Granville,
Madison, Montgomery, Orange, Randolph*, Rutherford*, Stanly,
Wake*)
Ruellia strepens Limestone Wild-petunia SR-P S1 G4G5
C: low woods over marl (Pender, Richmond)
Rugelia nudicaulis Rugel's Ragwort T FSC S3 G3
(=Cacalia rugelia) M: spruce-fir forests (Haywood, Swain)
Sabal palmetto Cabbage Palm SR-P S1 G5
TC: maritime forests on the southeastern coast (Brunswick,
Carteret*)
Sabatia kennedyana Plymouth Gentian T-SC S2 G3
C: drawdown zones on banks of blackwater rivers (Brunswick,
Columbus)
Sageretia minutiflora Small-flowered Buckthorn SR-P S1 G4
C: shell middens (Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Sagittaria chapmanii Chapman's Arrowhead SR-P S1 G5T3?
C: limesink ponds (Bladen, Carteret, Columbus, Onslow)
Sagittaria fasciculata Bunched Arrowhead E E S2 G2
M: bogs and mountain swamp forests (Buncombe*, Henderson)
Sagittaria isoetiformis Quillwort Arrowhead SR-P S2 G4?
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, beaver ponds,
natural lakes (Bladen, Brunswick*, Columbus, Cumberland, Hoke,
New Hanover, Sampson, Scotland)
Sagittaria macrocarpa Streamhead Sagittaria SR-L S2 G2
S: shoreline of blackwater stream impoundment (Hoke, Moore)
40
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Sagittaria stagnorum Water Arrowhead SR-P SH G4G5
C: blackwater streams, rivers, and lakes (Bladen*, Columbus*,
Craven*, Pender*, Wilson*)
Sagittaria weatherbiana Grassleaf Arrowhead SR-T FSC S2 G3G4
C: fresh to slightly brackish marshes, streams, swamps, and pond
margins (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick*, Columbus, Craven,
Currituck*, Duplin, Gates*, Hyde*, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pasquotank*, Pender, Pitt*, Sampson*, Wake*)
Salvia azurea Azure Sage SR-P S2 G4G5
SC: sandhills (Anson, Hoke, Montgomery, New Hanover*,
Richmond, Scotland)
Sarracenia jonesii Mountain Sweet Pitcher Plant E-SC E S1 G2Q
M: bogs (Buncombe*, Henderson, Transylvania)
Sarracenia minor Hooded Pitcher Plant T S2 G4
C: savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover)
Sarracenia oreophila Green Pitcher Plant E-SC E S1 G2
M: seepage bogs (Clay)
Sceptridium jenmanii Alabama Grape-fern SR-P S2 G3G4
MP: moist woods (Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee*, Clay*, Davie*,
Iredell*, Jackson*, McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Rockingham*,
Rutherford, Stokes*, Transylvania*)
Sceptridium lunarioides Winter Grape-fern SR-P SH G4?
P: dry pine woods (Davie*)
Sceptridium multifidum Leathery Grape-fern SR-P S1 G5
M: grassy balds (Alleghany, Avery, Mitchell)
Sceptridium oneidense Blunt-lobed Grape-fern SR-P S2 G4Q
MP: cove forests, bogs (Avery*, Buncombe*, Burke, Forsyth+,
Haywood*, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell*, Yancey*)
Schisandra glabra Magnolia Vine T-SC S1 G3
CP: rich slopes and floodplain islands (Gaston, Martin)
Schoenoplectus acutus Hardstem Bulrush SR-P SH G5
C: natural lakes (Carteret*, Craven*, Dare*, Hyde*)
Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Canby's Bulrush SR-P S3 G3G4
CS: blackwater creeks (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus,
Craven*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Hyde*, Johnston*, Moore,
Onslow, Pender*, Randolph*, Richmond, Scotland, Wayne*)
Schoenoplectus subterminalis Swaying Bulrush SR-P S3 G4G5
S: blackwater creeks (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore,
Richmond, Scotland)
Schwalbea americana Chaffseed E E S2 G2G3
SC: savannas and moist to dryish pinelands with frequent fire
(Bladen*, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Pender*, Scotland)
Scirpus divaricatus Spreading Bulrush SR-O S2? G5
C: swamp forests
Scirpus flaccidifolius Reclining Bulrush E FSC S1 G2
C: swamp forests (Northampton)
Scirpus lineatus Drooping Bulrush SR-P S2 G4
C: low rich woods over marl (Brunswick, Craven, Jones, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Scirpus pendulus Rufous Bulrush SR-O S1 G5
PC: wet places over mafic rocks (Carteret, Durham*, Granville,
Onslow)
41
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Scleria baldwinii Baldwin's Nutrush SR-P S2 G4
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Pender)
Scleria reticularis Netted Nutrush SR-O S2 G4
CS: clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds (Brunswick,
Cumberland, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow, Sampson, Scotland)
Scleria sp. 1 Smooth-seeded Hairy Nutrush SR-L FSC S1 G1
C: pine savannas over limestone, diabase glades (Granville*,
Onslow, Pender)
Scleria verticillata Savanna Nutrush SR-P S2 G5
TC: calcareous wet savannas, maritime wet grasslands influenced
by shell deposits (Brunswick*, Carteret, Columbus, Dare*, Hyde,
Onslow, Pender)
Sclerolepis uniflora One-flower Hardscale SR-T S2 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays, blackwater river foodplains, limesink
ponds (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore,
New Hanover*, Robeson, Sampson*, Scotland)
Scutellaria australis Southern Skullcap SR-P S1 G4?Q
PS: alluvial forests (Anson*, Chatham*, Granville, Johnston*,
Lee*, Orange*, Richmond*, Wake*)
Scutellaria galericulata Hooded Skullcap SR-P SH G5
M: spring-fed seepage (Buncombe*)
Scutellaria leonardii Shale-barren Skullcap SR-P S2 G4Q
P: diabase glades (Durham, Granville, Moore, Orange)
Scutellaria nervosa Veined Skullcap SR-P S1 G5
P: alluvial forests (Chatham*, Durham*, Granville, Halifax,
Jackson*, Northampton, Wake*, Warren*)
Scutellaria ovata ssp. rugosa var. 1 Appalachian Skullcap SR-T S1 G5T1?Q
M: rocky forests, boulderfields (Buncombe)
Scutellaria saxatilis Rock Skullcap SR-T S1 G3
MP: northern hardwoods forests, rocky woodlands (Alleghany,
Ashe, Mitchell, Watauga*, Yancey)
Sedum glaucophyllum Cliff Stonecrop SR-P S2 G4
PM: rock outcrops, mainly calcareous or mafic (Jackson, Macon,
Montgomery, Rockingham, Stokes)
Sedum pusillum Puck's Orpine E S1 G3
P: granite flatrocks (Anson)
Sesuvium maritimum Slender Sea-purslane SR-O S1? G5
T: seabeaches, marshes (Brunswick)
Sesuvium portulacastrum Shoreline Sea-purslane SR-P S1 G5
T: seabeaches (Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow)
Seymeria pectinata Sticky Afzelia SR-P SH G4G5
C: disturbed habitats (Brunswick*)
Shortia galacifolia var. brevistyla Northern Oconee Bells E-SC FSC S2 G2G3T2
M: streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in humid gorges (McDowell)
Shortia galacifolia var. galacifolia Southern Oconee Bells E-SC FSC S2 G2G3T2T3
M: streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in humid gorges (Jackson*,
Swain*, Transylvania)
Sida elliottii Elliott's Fan-petal SR-P S1 G4G5
P: stream banks, sandy woodlands (Iredell)
Sideroxylon tenax Tough Bumelia SR-P FSC S1 G3?
T: maritime forests and scrub (Brunswick, New Hanover*)
42
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Silene ovata Mountain Catchfly SR-T FSC S3 G3
M: rich slopes, cove forests, montane oak-hickory forests
(Buncombe, Cherokee, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson,
Macon, Madison, Rutherford*, Swain, Yancey)
Silphium connatum Virginia Cup-plant SR-T S2 G3G4Q
MP: floodplains, rich alluvial woods (Alleghany, Ashe, Iredell,
Rockingham, Stokes, Yadkin)
Silphium perfoliatum Northern Cup-plant SR-P S1 G5
PM: floodplains (Alleghany, Ashe, Cabarrus, Forsyth, Iredell*,
Mecklenburg, Stokes, Surry)
Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock SR-P S2 G4G5
P: diabase glades, other open or semi-open sites over mafic rock
(Cabarrus, Davie, Durham, Granville, Mecklenburg, Stanly,
Wake*)
Sisyrinchium dichotomum White Irisette E E S2 G2
M: thin woods, especially over amphibolite, in the escarpment
region (Burke, Henderson, Polk, Rutherford)
Smilax hugeri Huger's Carrion-flower SR-P S2 G4
MP: deciduous forests (Anson, Cumberland, Macon, Montgomery,
Richmond, Swain)
Smilax lasioneura Blue Ridge Carrion-flower SR-P S1 G5
MP: oak-hickory forests over mafic rocks (Guilford*, Henderson,
Polk, Rutherford*)
Solanum pseudogracile Graceful Nightshade SR-T S1 GNR
T: dunes (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pamlico)
Solidago leavenworthii Leavenworth's Goldenrod SR-P S1 G3G4
C: savannas, pocosin borders, clay-based Carolina bays, peaty
seeps (Carteret*, Columbus, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland*)
Solidago plumosa Yadkin River Goldenrod E C S1 G1
P: riverside rocks (Montgomery, Stanly)
Solidago ptarmicoides Prairie Goldenrod E S1 G5
P: diabase glades (Granville, Rowan*)
Solidago radula Western Rough Goldenrod SR-P S1 G5?
P: dry woodlands over mafic rocks (Montgomery, Stanly, Wake*)
Solidago rigida var. glabrata Southeastern Bold Goldenrod SR-P S2 G5T4
P: diabase glades, other open sites over mafic rock (Cabarrus,
Durham, Granville, Mecklenburg*, Person, Rockingham)
Solidago rigida var. rigida Prairie Bold Goldenrod SR-P S1 G5T5
M: forest openings, presumably on mafic or calcareous rocks
(Haywood*, Macon, Madison*, McDowell)
Solidago simulans Granite Dome Goldenrod SR-L FSC S2 G2
M: high and low elevation granitic domes south of the Asheville
Basin (Jackson, Macon, Rutherford, Transylvania)
Solidago spithamaea Blue Ridge Goldenrod E T S1 G1
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe,
Mitchell)
Solidago squarrosa Squarrose Goldenrod SR-P SH G4?
M: moist forests at high elevations (Buncombe*)
Solidago tortifolia Twisted-leaf Goldenrod SR-P S1 G4G5
CS: dry savannas and and mesic flats (Bladen, Brunswick*, Hoke,
Jones*, New Hanover*, Robeson*, Scotland*)
43
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Solidago uliginosa Bog Goldenrod SR-P S1S2 G4G5
MSP: bogs, seeps (Ashe, Clay, Haywood, Macon, Madison*,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey*)
Solidago ulmifolia Elm-leaf Goldenrod SR-D S1? G5
PM: wooded stream banks (Burke, Durham*, Jackson, McDowell,
Rutherford)
Solidago verna Spring-flowering Goldenrod T FSC S3 G3
CS: mesic to moist pinelands, pocosin ecotones (Bladen*,
Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin,
Harnett, Hoke, Johnston, Jones, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pamlico, Pender, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland)
Solidago villosicarpa Coastal Goldenrod E FSC S1 G1
C: edges and openings in maritime upland forests (Brunswick,
Craven, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender)
Sparganium emersum Greenfruit Bur-reed SR-P S1 G5
M: pondshores (Avery*, Macon, Watauga)
Spartina pectinata Freshwater Cordgrass SR-P S1 G5
MCS: freshwater marshes, spray zones of waterfalls, other moist
sites (Alleghany, Ashe*, Chowan*, Mitchell*, Montgomery*,
Pasquotank, Transylvania)
Spigelia marilandica Pink-root E S1 G4
M: open woods (Cherokee)
Spiraea corymbosa Shinyleaf Meadowsweet SR-O S1 G5T4?
P: open woods, thin soil over rock (Alexander, Alleghany,
Catawba, Stokes)
Spiraea virginiana Virginia Spiraea E T S2 G2
M: riverbanks (Ashe, Buncombe*, Graham, Macon, Mitchell,
Swain, Transylvania, Yancey)
Spiranthes eatonii Eaton's Ladies'-tresses SR-L S2 G2G4
CS: pine savannas and pine-oak sandhills (Beaufort*, Bladen*,
Brunswick*, Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland*, Moore*, Onslow,
Pamlico*, Pender)
Spiranthes floridana Florida Ladies'-tresses SR-P S1 G3G4T1
C: moist sites (Brunswick+, Pender*)
Spiranthes lacera var. lacera Northern Slender Ladies'- SR-D SH G5T5
tresses
M: mountain balds (Clay*)
Spiranthes laciniata Lace-lip Ladies'-tresses SR-P S2 G4G5
C: moist wet habitats (Beaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret,
Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow)
Spiranthes longilabris Giant Spiral Orchid T S1 G3
C: savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Spiranthes lucida Shining Ladies'-tresses SR-O S1 G5
M: seepage over amphibolite (Alleghany)
Spiranthes ochroleuca Yellow Ladies'-tresses SR-P S1 G4
M: grassy balds, meadows, wooded slopes (Ashe, Avery,
Buncombe*, Haywood*, Watauga*, Yancey*)
Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie Dropseed E S1 G5
M: olivine barrens (Clay, Jackson)
Sporobolus teretifolius Wireleaf Dropseed T FSC S2 G2
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus)
44
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Sporobolus virginicus Saltmarsh Dropseed SR-P S1 G5
T: brackish marshes (Brunswick)
Stachys clingmanii Clingman's Hedge-nettle SR-T S2 G2Q
M: spruce-fir forests, northern hardwoods forests (Graham,
Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon, Swain*, Transylvania*)
Stachys cordata Heartleaf Hedge-nettle SR-P S1 G5?
M: rich forests, especially over calcareous rock (Madison)
Stachys eplingii Epling's Hedge-nettle SR-T SH G5
M: bogs (Burke*, Henderson*, Jackson*)
Stachys sp. 1 A Hedge-nettle SR-T S1 GNR
P: sandy edges of forested floodplains (Montgomery)
Stachys tenuifolia Smooth Hedge-nettle SR-D S1 G5
C: swamp forests, edges of bottomlands
Stenanthium gramineum var. G3G5Q
robustum
Bog Featherbells SR-P S1
M: bogs and wet meadows (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery)
Stenanthium leimanthoides Pinebarren Death-camas SR-O S1 G4Q
M: high elevation rocky summits, thin soil at high elevations
(Ashe*, Avery, Burke, Yancey)
Stewartia ovata Mountain Camellia SR-P S2 G4
MP: bluffs and forests, usually with rhododendrons (Catawba,
Cherokee, Clay, Granville, Macon, Montgomery, Rutherford,
Stokes, Swain)
Streptopus amplexifolius White Mandarin SR-P S1 G5
M: spruce-fir forests, northern hardwoods forests (Buncombe,
Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain*, Yancey)
Stylisma aquatica Water Dawnflower SR-P S2 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays, pineland pools (Brunswick, Moore,
Robeson, Scotland)
Stylisma pickeringii var. G4T3
pickeringii
Pickering's Dawnflower E FSC S3
SC: sandhills (Bladen, Brunswick*, Carteret, Cumberland, Harnett,
Hoke, Moore, New Hanover, Pender*, Richmond, Sampson,
Scotland)
Symphyotrichum depauperatum Serpentine Aster SR-D S1 G2
P: diabase glades (Granville)
Symphyotrichum georgianum Georgia Aster T C S3 G2G3
(=Aster georgianus) P: open woods and roadsides (Davidson,
Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Randolph, Rowan,
Stanly, Union)
Symphyotrichum laeve var. G5T4
concinnum
Narrow-leaf Aster SR-P S2
P: forests, woodland borders especially over mafic rocks
(Alamance*, Alexander*, Caswell, Davie*, Durham, Granville,
Iredell*, Orange*, Rutherford, Stanly, Union, Wake*)
Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve Smooth Blue Aster SR-P SH G5T5
P: forests, woodland borders especially over mafic rocks (Gaston*,
Henderson*, Orange*, Polk*, Rutherford*)
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium Aromatic Aster SR-P S1 G5
M: thin soils around limestone outcrops (Madison)
Symphyotrichum parviceps Glade Aster E SNA G4?
P: diabase glades
45
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Symphyotrichum rhiannon Buck Creek Aster SR-L FSC S1 G1
M: serpentine pine barrens (Clay)
Symphyotrichum shortii Short's Aster SR-P SH G5
M: bluffs and rocky banks (Burke*, Transylvania*)
Synandra hispidula Synandra SR-T S1 G4
M: rich cove forests (Jackson*, Swain)
Taxus canadensis Canada Yew SR-P S1 G5
M: bogs, swamp forests under spruce (Ashe, Watauga)
Thalictrum cooleyi Cooley's Meadowrue E E S2 G2
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pender)
Thalictrum macrostylum Small-leaved Meadowrue SR-L FSC S2 G3G4
CSPM: bogs and wet woods (Alleghany, Clay, Cumberland,
Henderson, Hyde*, Jones, McDowell, Moore, Nash, New
Hanover, Pender, Richmond, Transylvania)
Thaspium pinnatifidum Mountain Thaspium SR-T FSC S1 G2G3
M: calcareous slopes (Jackson*, Madison, Swain*)
Thelypteris simulata Bog Fern T S1 G4G5
M: bogs (Alleghany, Avery)
Thermopsis fraxinifolia Ash-leaved Golden-banner SR-T S2? G3?
MP: dry ridges (Buncombe, Burke, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
McDowell, Polk, Stokes, Surry, Transylvania, Yancey)
Thermopsis mollis Appalachian Golden-banner SR-P S2 G3G4
PM: dry ridges and open woodlands (Buncombe*, Burke,
Caldwell, Catawba, Chatham*, Cleveland, Columbus*, Durham*,
Forsyth*, Franklin*, Gaston, Granville, Guilford*, Henderson,
Iredell*, Lincoln, McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Orange, Polk,
Rutherford, Stokes, Surry, Vance*, Wake, Warren)
Torreyochloa pallida Pale Mannagrass SR-P S1 G5
CM: blackwater pools, old millponds, and small stream swamps
(Avery*, Columbus*, Currituck, Duplin*, Gates, Harnett)
Tradescantia virginiana Virginia Spiderwort SR-P S1 G5
P: rich woods on circumneutral soils (Ashe, Burke, Harnett,
Montgomery*, Moore, Rockingham, Stanly, Surry, Wake)
Triadenum fraseri Marsh St. John's-wort SR-P S1 G5
M: bogs and peaty wetlands
Triantha glutinosa Sticky Bog Asphodel SR-P S1 G4G5
MP: bogs, seepages (Ashe, Caldwell*, Haywood, Henderson*,
Jackson, Transylvania)
Trichomanes boschianum Appalachian Filmy-fern T S1 G4
M: spray zone of waterfalls, seeps over rock (Graham, Jackson,
Macon, Polk*)
Trichomanes petersii Dwarf Filmy-fern T S2 G4G5
M: moist rocks in humid gorges (Graham, Jackson, Macon,
Transylvania)
Trichophorum cespitosum Deerhair Bulrush SR-D S2S3 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits, moist cliffs (Ashe, Avery,
Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell+, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson,
Macon, Mitchell, Rutherford, Transylvania, Yancey)
Trichostema brachiatum Glade Bluecurls SR-P S1 G5
PM: diabase glades, other dry calcareous or mafic outcrops
(Buncombe, Granville, Madison, Orange*, Rockingham, Yancey*)
46
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Trichostema setaceum Narrowleaf Bluecurls SR-T S2 G5
SPC: dry woodlands, granite flatrocks (Bladen, Burke, Cleveland,
Hoke, McDowell, Moore, Robeson, Rutherford)
Trichostema sp. 1 Dune Bluecurls SR-L FSC S2 G2
T: dunes, openings in maritime forest and scrub (Brunswick,
Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover)
Tridens ambiguus Pineland Triodia E S1 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Scotland)
Tridens chapmanii Chapman's Redtop SR-P S1S2 G3
CP: dry pine and oak woods, sandy roadsides (Bladen, Carteret*,
Craven, Dare*, Durham*, Hoke*, Jones, Martin*, Montgomery,
Moore, Orange*, Pender, Richmond, Scotland*)
Tridens strictus Spike Triodia SR-P SH G5
C: pine flatwoods (Duplin*, Hoke*, Pender*, Robeson*)
Trientalis borealis Starflower SR-P S1 G5
M: coves, northern hardwood forest (Cherokee, Graham,
Haywood)
Trifolium carolinianum Carolina Clover SR-O SH G5
C: savannas, sandy open areas (Duplin*, New Hanover*,
TrifoOliunmslo rwef*le) xum Buffalo Clover SR-T S1S2 G3G4
PMSC: open woods and clearings (Buncombe*, Caswell,
Chatham*, Durham*, Granville, Halifax*, Harnett, Iredell*,
Montgomery, Moore, Randolph*, Wake, Yadkin)
Trillium discolor Mottled Trillium T S1 G4
M: rich coves in the Savannah River drainage (Jackson,
Transylvania)
Trillium flexipes Bent White Trillium SR-P SH G5
M: rich coves (Henderson*, Swain*)
Trillium pusillum var. ozarkanum Alabama Least Trillium E FSC S1 G3T3
M: rich cove forests (Clay, Haywood*)
Trillium pusillum var. pusillum Carolina Least Trillium E FSC S2 G3T2
CP: ecotones between savannas and nonriverine wet hardwood
forests, over marl (Onslow, Pender)
Trillium pusillum var. virginianum Virginia Least Trillium E FSC S1 G3T2
C: mesic to swampy hardwood forests (Camden, Currituck, Gates,
Halifax, Johnston*, Nash, Wake)
Trillium recurvatum Prairie Trillium SR-P S1 G5
M: rich coves
Trillium sessile Sessile-flowered Trillium SR-P S1 G4G5
C: rich alluvial levees and slopes (Halifax, Northampton)
Trillium simile Sweet White Trillium SR-L S2 G3
MP: rich coves (Buncombe, Burke, Cherokee, Graham,
Haywood*, Henderson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Polk,
Rutherford, Swain*, Yancey)
Trisetum spicatum Soft Trisetum E SH G5
M: grassy balds and/or high elevation rocky summits (Mitchell*)
Turritis glabra Tower Mustard SR-P S1 G5
M: mountain forests and meadows (Avery, Madison*, Watauga*)
Urtica chamaedryoides Dwarf Stinging Nettle SR-P S1 G4G5
C: rich blackwater and brownwater levee forests (Bertie, Halifax,
Northampton)
47
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Utricularia cornuta Horned Bladderwort SR-P S1S2 G5
CM: bogs, limesink ponds (Brunswick, Columbus, Franklin, New
Hanover*, Rutherford, Watauga)
Utricularia floridana Florida Bladderwort SR-T SH G3G5
C: natural lakes (Bladen*, Wayne*)
Utricularia geminiscapa Two-flowered Bladderwort SR-P S1 G4G5
SC: seepage areas on Suffolk Scarp, beaver ponds (Beaufort*,
Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Pender)
Utricularia macrorhiza Greater Bladderwort SR-O S1? G5
C: pools and ponds (Hyde)
Utricularia minor Small Bladderwort SR-D SH G5
M: bogs (Watauga*)
Utricularia olivacea Dwarf Bladderwort T S2 G4
C: limesink ponds, beaver ponds (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*,
Cumberland, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Utricularia resupinata Northeastern Bladderwort E S1 G4
C: natural lakes (Columbus, Washington)
Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry SR-P S2 G4
MC: bogs, seeps, pocosins (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Bladen*,
Brunswick, Burke, Cumberland, Currituck*, Dare, Haywood,
Hyde, Transylvania, Tyrrell, Watauga)
Vaccinium virgatum Small-flower Blueberry SR-P S1 G4
S: pocosins, blackwater swamps, mesic pine flatwoods, sandhill
seeps (Brunswick, Cumberland, Hoke, Pender, Robeson*,
Scotland)
Veratrum woodii Ozark Bunchflower SR-P SH G5
M: circumneutral soil of woodlands over mafic rocks such as
amphibolite or other calcareous substrates
Verbesina walteri Walter's Crownbeard SR-T S1 G4
M: rich cove forests (Henderson, Macon, Mitchell, Polk, Yancey)
Veronica americana American Speedwell SR-P S2 G5
MC: seeps, bogs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Avery, Craven*, Madison,
Mitchell*, Watauga, Yancey*)
Viola appalachiensis Appalachian Violet SR-T S2 G3
M: olivine barrens and alluvial forests (Clay, Macon, Swain)
Viola walteri Prostrate Blue Violet SR-T S1 G4G5
MP: rich cove forests and other rich forests (Jackson,
Montgomery, Richmond, Stanly)
Warea cuneifolia Carolina Pineland-cress E S1 G4
S: sandhills (Harnett*, Hoke)
Woodsia appalachiana Appalachian Cliff Fern SR-P S2 G4
M: cliffs, rock outcrops (Alleghany, Ashe*, Buncombe*, Burke,
McDowell, Polk, Rutherford, Surry, Transylvania, Wilkes+)
Woodsia ilvensis Rusty Cliff Fern SR-P S1 G5
M: cliffs, rock outcrops (Alleghany, Ashe, Surry)
Xyris chapmanii Chapman's Yellow-eyed-grass SR-T S3 G3
S: mucky sandhill seeps (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore,
Richmond, Scotland)
Xyris floridana Florida Yellow-eyed-grass SR-P S1 G5T4T5
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Onslow, Pender,
Robeson*)
48
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Xyris scabrifolia Harper's Yellow-eyed-grass SR-T FSC S2 G3
S: sandhill seeps and bogs (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore,
Richmond, Scotland)
Xyris serotina Acid-swamp Yellow-eyed- SR-P S1 G3G4
grass
C: savannas (Pender)
Xyris stricta Pineland Yellow-eyed-grass SR-P S1 G4
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Pender)
Yucca gloriosa Moundlily Yucca SR-P S2? G4?
T: dunes (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover,
Onslow, Pender)
Zephyranthes simpsonii Rain Lily E FSC S1S2 G2G3
C: roadsides, calcareous coastal fringe forest (Brunswick)
Mosses
Aphanorrhegma serratum A Moss SR-O SH G4G5
P: soil or clay in places subject to inundation (Durham*)
Archidium donnellii Donnell's Archidium SR-O S1 G3G5
P: sandy or gravelly soil along roadsides, in fields, near granitic
outcrops (Wake)
Archidium tenerrimum An Earth Moss SR-O SH G5?
C: dunes, maritime grasslands
Bellibarbula recurva Recurved bryoerythrophyllum SR-P S1? G3G5
moss
M: thin soil over moist rock
Brachydontium trichodes Peak Moss SR-D S1 G2G4
M: on moist rocks in spruce-fir forests (Mitchell, Swain)
Brachymenium andersonii Anderson's Melon-moss SR-L FSC SH GH
M: on humus in acidic cove forests - mixed hardwood-hemlock
(Macon*)
Brachymenium systylium Mexican Melon-moss SR-D S1 G5
M: on humus in acidic cove forests mixed hardwood-hemlock
(Macon*, Rutherford)
Brachythecium populeum Matted Feather Moss SR-P S1 G5
M: mountain forests (Avery*, Caldwell*, Rutherford, Watauga*)
Brachythecium rotaeanum Rota's Feather Moss SR-D S1 G3G4
CMP: on bark or rock in cove forests (Avery*, Caldwell*,
Camden*, Carteret*, Craven*, Durham*, Haywood, Jackson*,
Jones*, Martin*, McDowell*, Rowan*, Rutherford, Swain*,
Transylvania, Watauga*)
Bruchia brevifolia A Pygmy Moss SR-T S1? G3G4
C: soil of disturbed habitats (Harnett*, Pender*, Sampson)
Bruchia carolinae A Pygmy Moss SR-L S1? G3?
S: sandy soil of roadsides, old fields, or other disturbed areas
(Lee*)
Bruchia fusca A Pygmy Moss SR-T SH G1?
S: sandy soil (Harnett*)
Bruchia hallii A Pygmy Moss SR-T SH G2
C: sandy soil in open places (Pender*)
Bryocrumia vivicolor Gorge Moss E FSC SH G1G2
M: rocks and streambanks in humid gorges, spray zones of
waterfalls (Jackson*, Transylvania*)
49
Scientific Name Common Name N.C.
Status
U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
Bryoerythrophyllum G3G4
ferruginascens
Rust Foot Moss SR-D S1
M: on moist rocks or soil at high elevations (Jackson, Rutherford*)
Bryoerythrophyllum G4?
inaequalifolium
A Foot Moss SR-D S1
M: on thin soil over shale (McDowell*)
Bryoxiphium norvegicum Sword Moss SR-O S1 G5?
M: rocks in humid gorges, spray zones of waterfalls (Jackson,
Macon, McDowell*, Transylvania)
Bryum limbatum A Moss SR-D S1? G5?
P: low elevation rocky summits
Bryum riparium Riverside Bryum SR-D SH G2G4
M: spray zones of waterfalls (Transylvania*)
Buxbaumia aphylla Bug-on-a-stick SR-O SH G4G5
M: fores