Natural Heritage Program
List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina
2014
Edited by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist
John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Office of Land and Water Stewardship
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601
Natural Heritage Program
List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina
2014
Edited by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist
John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Office of Land and Water Stewardship
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601
www.ncnhp.org
NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA
2014 Edition
Edited by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Office of Land and Water Stewardship
NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601
www.ncnhp.org
Table of Contents
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................2
RARE PLANT LIST FORMAT .............................................................................................................................3
NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST ....................................................................................................... 10
NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCHLIST .................................................................................................... 71
Watch Category 6 (regionally rare) ................................................................................................................... 111
PLANT TAXA ENDEMIC TO NORTH CAROLINA .................................................................................... 113
EXPLOITED PLANT TAXA IN NORTH CAROLINA ................................................................................. 114
POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA PLANTS ............................................................................... 115
RARE LIST SPECIES ADDITIONS FOR 2014 LIST .................................................................................... 119
WATCH LIST SPECIES ADDITIONS FOR 2014 LIST ................................................................................ 119
TAXA REMOVED FROM RARE AND WATCH LIST SINCE 2012 .......................................................... 120
NAME CHANGES SINCE 2012 RARE LIST PUBLICATION .................................................................... 121
NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM PLANT SURVEY FORM ........................... 122
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES .................................................................................................................... 123
Cover Image: Shortia galacifolia var. brevistyla (Northern Oconee Bells) by Mark Rose, McDowell
County, N.C.
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This List was originally compiled and published by Alan Weakley in 1991, and it has been revised and
updated over the years by Alan Weakley, Jame Amoroso, Misty Franklin Buchanan, and Laura Gadd
Robinson. Special thanks are given to Misty Buchanan, Richard LeBlond, Harry LeGrand, Suzanne
Mason, Shawn Oakley, James Padgett, Linda Rudd, Ed Schwartzman, Michael Schafale, Mickey Jo
Sorrell, Bruce Sorrie, and Alan Weakley for their involvement in the development of the list, to Paul
Davison for assistance with the bryophyte lists, and Gary Perlmutter for assistance with the lichen list.
The list of people who have assisted in the preparation of the vascular plant list, provided information to
NCNHP on rare species occurrences, or otherwise contributed to our understanding of the rare flora of the
state are too many to mention, but a partial list of recent contributors includes: Mara Alexander, Nell
Allen, Jame Amoroso, Rex Badgett, Moni Bates, Arleigh Birchler, Sean Bloom, Marj Boyer, Alvin
Braswell, Ken Bridle, Dan Brunton, A.J. Bullard, Anne Burroughs, Kevin Caldwell, David Campbell,
Angie Carl, Crystal Cockman, Ed Corey, Laura Cotterman, David Danley, Jamey Donaldson, David
Dumond, Lee Echols, Marshall Ellis, Rob Evans, Laura Fogo, Mary Frazer, Jon Fussell, Lisa Gaffney,
Tom Govus, Janet Gray, Scott Hartley, Kerry Heafner, Karin Heiman, Dennis Herman, Emily Hill, Tom
Howard, Kimberly Israel, Alicia Jackson, Andrew Jenkins, Claudia Jolls, Dean Kanipe, Gary Kauffman,
Josh Kelly, Lisa Kelly, Karen Kendig, Jay Kranyik, Alexander Krings, Mike Kunz, Merrill Lynch, Jim
Matthews, Carol Ann McCormick, Hervey McIver, Patrick McMillan, William S. Moye, Carl Nordman,
Tom Patrick, Cary Paynter, Linda Pearsall, Bob Peet, Dan Pittillo, Bert Pittman, Derick Poindexter,
Gerald Pottern, Liz Pullman, Milo Pyne, Johnny Randall, Evan Raskin, Jerry Reese, Janet Rock, Josh
Rose, Mark Rose, Tim Savidge, Blanka Shaw, Jon Shaw, Dale Shew, Roger Shew, Alan Smith, Matt
Smith, Jennifer Stanley, Lesley Starke, Jon Stucky, Sara Strickland, Dale Suiter, Megan Sutton, John
Taggart, Craig Ten Brink, Robert Thornhill, Mike Turner, Chris Ulrey, Andy Walker, Wade Wall, Bobby
Ward, Allison (Schwarz) Weakley, David Welch, Tom Wentworth, Peter White, Brenda Wichmann,
Scott Winton, Donna Wright, Alice Zawadski, and participants of the N.C. Vegetation Survey.
2
NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
LIST OF RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP), as part of its mission to conduct and maintain
the state’s inventory of natural areas and natural diversity resources, maintains an inventory of all known
locations of rare taxa. NCNHP takes the lead role in North Carolina in the inventory of the state’s natural
diversity and the identification of important natural areas and rare species habitats. It serves as the state’s
data bank of locality information of natural areas and rare and endangered plant and animal species. The
primary functions of the list are its use 1) in determining priorities for protection of the state’s most
important natural areas, 2) in determining priorities of inventory, and 3) for use by public agencies and
private persons for environmental assessment and land management purposes.
This list incorporates the most recent federal status of rare plants, as determined by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) with amendments to the species list current to 2014. Federally listed species
are protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. The USFWS is the federal agency
responsible for listing and protecting endangered and threatened species.
This list also includes North Carolina legal status information from the most recent version of the North
Carolina Plant Conservation Program (NCPCP) List of North Carolina’s Endangered, Threatened and
Special Concern Plant Species, which can be found on the website: www.ncplant.com. The N.C.
Protected Plant List was revised and went into effect December 1, 2010. This website includes discussion
of and information on the legal status of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Special Concern-Vulnerable
(SC-V), and Special Concern-Historical (SC-H) species. NCPCP, a unit of the Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services, is the agency responsible for the listing and protection of North Carolina’s
endangered and threatened plants, under provisions of the North Carolina Plant Protection and
Conservation Act of 1979 (General Statutes, Article 19B, 106: 202.12_22), as amended. NCPCP acts
under the direction of a Plant Conservation Board and with the advice of a Scientific Committee to
maintain and revise the state lists of protected (Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern) plant
species, to investigate protection needs and survival requirements of native plants, to carry out
conservation programs, to make and enforce regulations, and to issue permits concerning protected plants.
In general, removal of Endangered or Threatened plants from the wild and their sale or distribution is
illegal without appropriate permits from the Program. Particular regulations concerning collection,
propagation, and sale apply to those species listed as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern.
All plant taxa native to North Carolina which are officially recognized by federal or state agencies as
protected or otherwise rare are included on this list. NCNHP, NCPCP, and USFWS work cooperatively
to ensure the continued survival of all of North Carolina’s rich flora.
Many species that lack formal, legal protection are nonetheless imperiled in North Carolina. Therefore,
NCNHP collects data on species in addition to the three categories of protected plants (Endangered,
Threatened, and Special Concern). These additional rare species are placed in two categories of rare
plants: Significantly Rare (SR) and Watch List (W). Significantly Rare and Watch List species receive
no special legal protection status; the designation is used to convey information about the species’ rarity
within the state. However, the tracking of Significantly Rare species, along with NCPCP’s Endangered,
Threatened, and Special Concern species, plays a critical role in how NCNHP evaluates natural areas for
their importance in the conservation of the state’s native biodiversity. Definitions of all status categories
are listed below, under ‘N.C. Status.’
NCNHP requests locality and population data on the species listed in this publication. Plant survey forms
have been provided in the back of this publication for this purpose. For the most up-to-date information
about the range of tracked plants in North Carolina, visit www.ncnhp.org.
3
NUMBER OF PLANT TAXA WITH THE INDICATED STATUS1
(as of May 2014)
GROUP
APPROXIMATE
NUMBER IN
NORTH CAROLINA
N.C. STATUS U.S. STATUS
E T SC SR E T C FSC
Vascular Plants 4196 157 141 110 286 17 9 3 104
Mosses 440 - 1 1 121 - - - 5
Liverworts 225 - - 5 57 - - - 8
Hornworts 9 - - - 1 - - - 2
Lichens 1,000 1 1 2 19 1 - - 2
Total 5870 158 143 118 484 18 9 3 121
RARE PLANT LIST FORMAT
Species are placed into five groups: Vascular Plants, Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts, and Lichens. They
are listed alphabetically by scientific name within each group. The following information is presented for
each species on the list.
Scientific Name. Taxonomy and nomenclature of vascular plants (dicots, monocots, gymnosperms, ferns,
and fern allies) generally follows Weakley, A. S. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Working
draft of 15 May 2011. University of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU), NC Botanical Garden, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (available online at http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/).
Scientific authorities for names have been omitted to save space, but follow Weakley (2012 draft) and
J.T. Kartesz’s A Synonymized Checklist and Atlas with Biological Attributes for the Vascular Flora of the
United States, Canada, and Greenland. First Edition. (In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of
the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC. 1999).
Taxonomy and nomenclature of nonvascular plants (mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens) follow
Bryophyte Flora of North America, provisional publication, Missouri Botanical Garden (2001),
http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/BGNA/bnfamenu.htm, L.E. Anderson, H.A. Crum, and W.R. Buck’s
List of the Mosses of North America North of Mexico (Bryologist 93: 448_499 [1990]); L.E. Anderson’s
A Checklist of Sphagnum in North America North of Mexico (Bryologist 93: 500_501 [1990]); R.
Schuster’s The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America East of the Hundredth Meridian (1966,
1969, 1974, 1980, and 1992); M.L. Hicks’s Liverworts of the Mountains of North Carolina (1982); M.L.
Hicks’s Guide to the Liverworts of North Carolina (1992); M.L. Hicks and P.G. Davison’'s Some Rare,
Endemic, and Disjunct Liverworts in North Carolina (Castanea 54: 255-261 [1989]); G.B. Perlmutter’s
Lichen Checklist for North Carolina (Perlmutter, G.B. 2005. Lichen checklist for North Carolina, Evansia
22(2): 51-77, http://lichenportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?cl=1187&pid=103; and Esslinger’s Lichen
Checklist for North America (Esslinger, T.A. 2014. A Cumulative Checklist for the Lichen-forming
Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of the Continental United States and Canada.
http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm. First posted 1 December 1997, Most Recent
Version (#19) 23 March 2014; and Brodo, Sharnoff, and Sharnoff’s Lichens of North America (2001).
1 Includes species, as well as valid unique varieties and subspecies.
4
Common Name. Common names are provided for the convenience of the user. Common names for
plants are not standardized, and many plants have no satisfactory common name.
North Carolina Rank. Natural Heritage Programs, Conservation Data Centers, NatureServe, and The
Nature Conservancy (TNC) have developed a consistent method for evaluating the relative imperilment
of both species and ecological communities. These assessments lead to the designation of a conservation
rank. For plant and animal species these ranks provide an estimate of extinction risk. Conservation rank
values have been assigned over the past 30 years by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program, NatureServe, and
a large number of collaborators in government agencies, universities, natural history museums, botanical
gardens, and other conservation organizations. The information has been developed primarily to help in
guiding conservation and informing environmental planning and management. Conservation ranks are
based on a one-to-five scale, ranging from critically imperiled (S1) to demonstrably secure (S5). These
ranks are based on the best available information, considering a variety of factors such as abundance,
distribution, population trends, and threats.
RANK
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS NORTH CAROLINA RANK DEFINITION
S1 1-5 Critically Imperiled - Critically imperiled in North Carolina due to extreme
rarity or some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation (local
extinction) from the state. Typically five or fewer occurrences or very few
remaining individuals (<1,000).
S2 6-20 Imperiled - Imperiled in North Carolina due to rarity or some factor(s)
making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state. Typically six to 20
occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000).
S3 21-100 Vulnerable - Vulnerable to extinction in North Carolina either because rare
or uncommon, or found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some
locations), or due to other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation.
Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals.
S4 101-1000 Apparently Secure - Apparently secure and widespread in North Carolina,
usually with more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.
S5 1001+ Secure - Common, widespread, and abundant in North Carolina.
Essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Typically with
considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.
SH 0? Historical - Of historical occurrence in North Carolina, with some
expectation that it may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been
verified in the past 20 years. Upon verification of an extant occurrence, SH-ranked
elements would typically receive an S1 rank. Note: an element is
not automatically assigned an SH (or SX) rank if it has not been verified in
the past 20 years; some effort must have been made to locate or relocate
occurrences.
SX 0 Presumed Extirpated -- Believed to be extirpated in North Carolina. Has
not been located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other
appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
SU Unknown Unrankable - Currently unrankable in North Carolina due to lack of
information or substantially conflicting information about status or trends.
More information is needed.
5
SNR Unknown Not Ranked - Rank in North Carolina not yet assessed.
SNA N/A Not Applicable - A conservation status rank is not applicable because the
element is not a suitable target for conservation for one of the following
reasons:
- Hybrid - an interspecific hybrid without conservation value;
- Exotic Origin - not native to North Carolina;
- Accidental/nonregular - outside usual range and not regularly found in
North Carolina;
- Not Confidently Present - never documented as present in North Carolina;
- Synonym - the taxon is not recognized by the N.C. Natural Heritage
Program.
-? – Uncertain - Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank.
A rank involving two numbers indicates a range of uncertainty about the conservation rank in North
Carolina. For example, a S2S3 rank indicates that the species may be S2 or S3, but existing data do not
allow that determination to be made.
Global Rank. Similar to North Carolina ranks, global ranks are assigned by a consensus of scientific
experts, Natural Heritage Programs, Conservation Data Centers, NatureServe, and The Nature
Conservancy. They apply to the status of a species throughout its range. This system is widely used by
other agencies and organizations, as the best available scientific and objective assessment of a species’
rarity throughout its range.
RANK
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS GLOBAL RANK DEFINITION
G1 1-5 Critically Imperiled - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme
rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to
extinction. Typically five or fewer occurrences or very few remaining
individuals (<1,000) or acres (<2,000) or linear miles (<10).
G2 6-20 Imperiled - Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of some
factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20
occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) or acres (2,000
to 10,000) or linear miles (10 to 50).
G3 21-100 Vulnerable - Vulnerable globally either because very rare throughout its
range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations),
or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21
to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals.
G4 101-1000 Apparently Secure - Uncommon but not rare (although it may be rare in
parts of its range, particularly on the periphery) and usually widespread.
Apparently not vulnerable in most of its range, but possibly cause for long-term
concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000
individuals.
G5 1001+ Secure - Common, widespread, and abundant (although it may be rare in
parts of its range, particularly on the periphery). Not vulnerable in most of
its range. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and
more than 10,000 individuals.
6
GH 0? Historical - Known from only historical occurrences, but with some
expectation that it may be rediscovered. May still be extant; further
searching is needed.
GX 0 Presumed Extinct - Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g.,
passenger pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
Not located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other
appropriate habitat.
GU Unknown Unrankable - Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to
substantially conflicting information about status or trends; need more
information.
GNR Unknown Not Ranked - Global rank not yet assessed.
T_ – The rank of a subspecies or variety. As an example, G4T1 would apply to
a subspecies of a species with an overall rank of G4, but the subspecies
warranting a rank of G1.
-? – Uncertain - Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank.
Q – Questionable Taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority.
Distinctiveness of this entity as a taxon at the current level is questionable.
Resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a
subspecies or inclusion of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting
element having a lower-priority conservation status rank.
A rank involving two numbers indicates uncertainty of rank. For example, a G2G3 rank indicates that the
species may be G2 or G3, but that existing data do not allow that determination to be made.
North Carolina Status. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species have legally protected
status in North Carolina through N.C. PCP. NHP maintains computer data and GIS map files on
Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern-Vulnerable, Special Concern-Historical, and Significantly Rare
species; paper and electronic files are maintained on Watch List species.
STATUS
CODE STATUS NORTH CAROLINA STATUS DEFINITION
E Endangered “Any species or higher taxon of plant whose continued existence as a
viable component of the State’s flora is determined to be in jeopardy” (GS
19B 106: 202.12). (Information on permitting regulations for NC
Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species can be found at
www.ncplant.com)
T Threatened “Any resident species of plant which is likely to become an endangered
species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion
of its range” (GS 19B 106:202.12).
SC-V Special
Concern-
Vulnerable
“Any species or higher taxon of plant which is likely to become a
threatened species within the foreseeable future” (NCAC 02 NCAC 48F
.0401).
SC-H Special
Concern-
Historical
“Any species or higher taxon of plant that occurred in North Carolina at
one time, but for which all known populations are currently considered to
be either historical or extirpated.” (NCAC 02 NCAC 48F .0401).
7
SR Significantly
Rare
Any species not listed by the N.C. Plant Conservation Program as
Endangered, Threatened, or Candidate, which is rare in North Carolina,
generally with 1-100 populations in the state, frequently substantially
reduced in numbers by habitat destruction (and sometimes also by direct
exploitation or disease).
SR -L Limited The range of the species is limited to North Carolina and adjacent states
(endemic or near endemic). These are species that may have 20-50
populations in North Carolina, but fewer than 100 populations rangewide.
The preponderance of their distribution is in North Carolina and their fate
depends largely on conservation here.
SR -T Throughout The species is rare throughout its range (fewer than 100 populations
total).
SR -D Disjunct The species is disjunct to North Carolina from a main range in a different
part of the country or world.
SR -P Peripheral The species is at the periphery of its range in North Carolina. These
species are generally more common somewhere else in their ranges,
occurring in North Carolina peripherally to their main ranges, mostly in
habitats which are unusual in North Carolina.
SR -O Other The range of the species is sporadic or cannot be described by the other
Significantly Rare categories
W Watch List Any other species believed to be rare and of conservation concern in the
state but not warranting active monitoring at this time (see the Watch List
section for a more complete discussion).
United States Status is designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the U.S. National
Marine Fisheries Service in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (U.S.
ESA). Plants and plant varieties, (including fungi and lichens), animal species and subspecies, and
vertebrate populations are considered for Endangered or Threatened status according to the criteria
established under the U.S. ESA. Proposals and determinations to add taxa or populations to the Lists of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants are published in the Federal Register. Additionally, the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service periodically publish a Notice of
Review or Notice of Reclassification in the Federal Register that present an updated list of plant and
animal taxa that are regarded as candidates or proposed for possible addition to the Lists of Endangered
and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Consult the Asheville or Raleigh Ecological Services Field Offices
for more information.
STATUS
CODE STATUS UNITED STATES STATUS DEFINITION
E Endangered A taxon “in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of
its range” (Endangered Species Act, Section 3).
T Threatened A taxon “likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable
future throughout all or a significant portion of its range” (Endangered
Species Act, Section 3).
8
C Candidate “Taxa for which the [Fish and Wildlife] Service has on file enough
substantial information on biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support
proposals to list them as endangered or threatened. Proposed rules have
not yet been issued because this action is precluded at present by other
listing activity. Development and publication of proposed rules on these
taxa are anticipated. The Service encourages State and other Federal
agencies as well as other affected parties to give consideration to these
taxa in environmental planning.” (Federal Register, February 28, 1996).
Taxa formerly in “Category 1” are now considered “Candidate”.
FSC Federal Species
of Concern
Those species that appear to be in decline or otherwise in need of
conservation and are under consideration for listing or for which there is
insufficient information to support listing at this time. Subsumed under
the term ‘FSC’ are all species petitioned by outside parties and other
selected focal species identified in Service strategic plans, State Wildlife
Action Plans, or Natural Heritage Program Lists.
Physiographic Province. The provinces in which the species is known to occur are indicated. This should
not be regarded as the only province(s) of the state in which the species could occur; as our knowledge of
the flora of North Carolina is still very imperfect. The provinces are abbreviated as follows:
M Mountains (Blue
Ridge)
All parts of North Carolina west of the foot of the Blue Ridge
Escarpment.
P Piedmont All parts of North Carolina east of the foot of the Blue Ridge
Escarpment and west of the Fall Line, including outlying “foothill”
ranges, such as the Brushy, Uwharrie, Sauratown, and South Mountains.
This province is shallowly underlain by crystalline metamorphic,
igneous, or (rarely) consolidated sedimentary rocks.
S Sandhills Portions of Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Richmond,
Scotland, and Montgomery counties consisting mostly of deep aeolian
sands of the Middendorf and Pinehurst formations (Cretaceous to
Tertiary age). The Sandhills are really part of the coastal plain but are
here distinguished because of their distinctive geomorphology and
vegetation. Areas somewhat resembling the Sandhills region but
occurring in other parts of the state (such as Carolina bay rims and
aeolian or beach ridge deposits in the outer Coastal Plain) are
considered part of the Coastal Plain Province.
C Coastal Plain All parts of North Carolina east of the fall line, excluding the Sandhills,
generally consisting of unconsolidated sands, silts, clays, and peats,
though rarely shallowly underlain by consolidated coquina limestone
(“marl”).
T Tidewater Areas associated with tidal water such as the ocean and barrier islands,
sounds, estuaries and mainland brackish or salt marshes.
Habitat. The known habitats are described; as with provinces, these should not be regarded as the only
possible habitats of the species in the state.
Counties of known occurrence. Following the description of habitats is a listing of the known counties of
occurrence in the N.C. Natural Heritage Program database. We request information about any new
occurrences in the state. County names are followed by symbols if the species has not been recently
verified within the county.
9
* All recorded occurrences in the county are either extirpated, have not been found in recent surveys, or
have not been surveyed recently enough to be confident they are still present. Unsurveyed
occurrences are regarded as historical after 20-40 years, the number of years depending on the species
and the amount of habitat alteration in the area. An asterisk should not be regarded as a definitive
statement that the species is gone from the county but indicates that there is reason to doubt its
continued existence.
+ Counties with obscure or undatable records.
? There is some question as to the validity of the county report.
The botanical exploration of North Carolina is far from complete, and many additional county records
will be found, generally (but not always) in proximity to counties listed. Most species that do not have
county of occurrence information listed are new to the rare list and county status information had not been
compiled at the time of publication. Visit the Natural Heritage Program Web site for the most up-to-date
county occurrence information: www.ncnhp.org.
10
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST
Vascular Plants
Acmella repens Creeping Spotflower SR-D S1 G5
CP: low wet areas and floating mats in alluvial forests and swamps (Columbus, Robeson)
Acmispon helleri Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SC-V FSC S3 G3
P: open woods over clay soils, roadsides (Cabarrus, Caswell, Catawba*, Davidson,
Davie*, Granville, Iredell*, Mecklenburg, Moore, Person, Randolph, Rockingham,
Rowan, Stanly, Union, Wake, Warren*)
Aconitum reclinatum Trailing Wolfsbane SR-T S3 G3
M: rich coves, seepage slopes, boulderfields, rocky stream banks, mainly associated with
mafic rocks (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell*, Cherokee, Graham, Haywood, Jackson,
Macon, Mitchell, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Adiantum capillus-veneris Venus Hair Fern T S1 G5
C: coquina limestone (marl) outcrops, also adventitious on mortar of old stone walls in
Wilmington, New Hanover County (Columbus)
Adlumia fungosa Climbing Fumitory SC-V S2 G4
M: coves and cliffs (Alleghany, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson*,
Macon*, Madison, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey)
Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Jointvetch T T S1 G2
TC: freshwater to slightly brackish tidal marshes and wet ditches (Beaufort, Craven, Hyde,
Lenoir*)
Agalinis virgata Branched Gerardia T S2 G3G4Q
CS: savannas and depression pond shores (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Duplin*, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Scotland)
Agastache nepetoides Yellow Giant-hyssop SR-P S1 G5
P: oak--hickory forests, especially over mafic rocks (Buncombe, Caswell, Durham*,
Granville, Madison*, Moore*, Orange, Polk, Stokes*, Surry*, Transylvania*, Wake*,
Warren*)
Agrostis altissima Tall Bentgrass SR-T S2 G4
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Agrostis mertensii Arctic Bentgrass E S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits and balds (Avery, Mitchell*, Yancey)
Aletris lutea Yellow Colic-root SR-P S1 G4G5
C: pine savannas (Pender)
Allium allegheniense Allegheny Onion SR-T S1 G3?
M: rock outcrops and woodlands over mafic rock at moderate to high elevations (Ashe,
Caldwell)
11
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Allium cuthbertii Striped Garlic T S2 G4
PM: low elevation granitic domes and other rocky sites with circumneutral soils
(Alexander, Madison*, Randolph, Wilkes)
Allium sp. 1 Savanna Onion SR-L FSC S1S2 G1G2
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Onslow, Pender)
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Green Alder SC-V S1 G5TNR
M: balds (Avery, McDowell, Mitchell)
Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth T T S2 G2
T: ocean beaches and island-end flats (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Amorpha confusa Savanna Indigo-bush T FSC S3 G3T3
C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover*)
Amorpha georgiana Georgia Indigo-bush E FSC S2 G3T2
CS: mesic to moist terraces along blackwater streams and ecotones between pocosins and
savannas (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Lenoir*, Moore, Pender, Richmond,
Robeson*, Scotland)
Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum Florida Goober Grass E S1 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Hoke, Robeson, Scotland)
Andropogon mohrii Bog Bluestem T S2 G4?
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Onslow, Pender, Robeson*,
Scotland, Washington*)
Anemone berlandieri Southern Anemone E S2 G4?
P: thin soils around rock outcrops, usually on basic soil (Alexander, Anson,
Mecklenburg*, Montgomery, Orange, Polk*, Rowan, Rutherford, Stanly)
Anemone caroliniana Prairie Anemone E S1 G5
P: clayey woodlands over mafic rocks (Mecklenburg, Rutherford, Stanly*)
Anthoxanthum hirtum Holy Grass SR-D S1 G5
M: bogs (Ashe, Macon, Watauga*)
Anticlea glauca White Camas SR-P S1 G4G5
M: calcareous rock outcrops (Buncombe*, McDowell, Yancey)
Arabis patens Spreading Rockcress SR-T S1 G3
M: thin soils around limestone and nutrient-rich seepage from amphibolite (Madison,
Rutherford, Swain)
Arabis pycnocarpa var. adpressipilis Hairy Rockcress E S1 G5T4Q
PM: thin soils around basic rock outcrops (Alexander, Buncombe)
Arenaria lanuginosa var. lanuginosa Spreading Sandwort SR-P S1 G5T5
TC: maritime grasslands and forests, other sandy sites, shell middens, coquina limestone
(marl) outcrops (Beaufort*, Brunswick*, Carteret*, Dare*, Jones, Onslow, Pender*)
12
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Arethusa bulbosa Bog Rose E S1 G4
MP: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Avery, Forsyth*, Henderson*, Transylvania)
Arisaema stewardsonii Bog Jack-in-the-pulpit SR-P S2 G5T4T5
M: bogs (Alleghany, Avery, Catawba, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell,
Rutherford, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Aristida condensata Big Three-awn Grass T S2 G4?
C: bay rims with xeric pine-oak scrub (Bladen, Hoke*, New Hanover, Pender,
Richmond*, Scotland*)
Aristida simpliciflora Chapman’s Three-awn E S1S2 G3G4
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Aristida tenuispica Hillsboro Three-awn Grass SR-P S1 G5
C: xeric sandhill scrub (New Hanover, Pender)
Arnoglossum ovatum Savanna Indian-plantain E S2 G4G5
C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, Jones, Onslow, Pender)
Asclepias cinerea Carolina Milkweed SR-D SH G4?
C: pine savannas (Columbus*)
Asclepias pedicellata Savanna Milkweed SC-V S3 G4
C: dry savannas and moist flatwoods (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Sampson)
Asclepias purpurascens Purple Milkweed SR-T S1? G5?
PMC: swamps, bottomlands, edges of moist woods (Bertie*, Durham, Hertford, Johnston,
Moore, Pender, Union)
Asemeia grandiflora Showy Milkwort SR-P S2 G5?
SC: sandhills (Hoke, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland)
Asplenium bradleyi Bradley’s Spleenwort SR-P S2 G4
PM: acidic rock outcrops and cliffs (Burke, Cleveland*, Gaston, McDowell, Orange, Polk,
Rutherford, Stokes)
Asplenium heteroresiliens Carolina Spleenwort E FSC S2 G2
C: coquina limestone outcrops (Bladen, Craven, Jones, Onslow*)
Asplenium monanthes Single-sorus Spleenwort E S1 G4
M: outcrops near waterfalls in escarpment gorges (Jackson, Transylvania)
Asplenium pinnatifidum Lobed Spleenwort SR-P S2 G4
PM: acidic rock outcrops and cliffs (Caldwell*, Henderson, Macon, Madison, Polk,
Rutherford, Transylvania, Wilkes)
Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue Spleenwort SC-V S1 G5
M: limestone outcrops (Burke, Madison, McDowell)
13
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Astragalus michauxii Sandhills Milk-vetch SC-V FSC S3 G3
SC: dry to xeric longleaf pine-oak woodlands and river-deposited sandhills (Bladen,
Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover*, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*,
Sampson, Scotland)
Athyrium angustum Northern Lady Fern SR-P S1 G5T5
M: rock outcrops and forests at high elevations (Avery, Mitchell)
Baccharis glomeruliflora Silverling SC-H S1 G4
T: shrubby areas on margins of brackish marshes (Brunswick*, New Hanover*, Pender)
Bacopa caroliniana Blue Water-hyssop T S1 G4G5
C: Shallow ponds, marshes, natural lakes, and tidal creeks (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus,
New Hanover, Pender)
Bacopa innominata Tropical Water-hyssop SC-H SH G3G5
C: tidal freshwater marshes (Chowan*, New Hanover*, Pender*)
Bacopa rotundifolia Round-leaf Water-hyssop SR-D S1 G5
C: natural lakes (Hyde*, Pender)
Balduina atropurpurea Purple-disk Honeycomb-head E FSC S1 G2
C: savannas (Bladen, Brunswick*)
Baptisia alba Thick-pod White Wild Indigo T S2 G5
PCS: open woodlands, clearings (Anson, Cabarrus, Davidson, Johnston, Montgomery,
Randolph, Stanly, Union)
Baptisia australis var. aberrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo E S2 G5T2
P: glades and open forests on basic soils (Cabarrus*, Caswell, Durham, Granville,
Montgomery, Orange*, Person*)
Baptisia bracteata Creamy Wild Indigo SC-H SH G4G5T4?
P: open woodlands (McDowell*)
Berberis canadensis American Barberry SC-V S2 G3
PM: open forests and glades on basic soils (Alamance*, Alexander*, Buncombe*,
Catawba, Durham, Granville, Guilford*, Haywood*, Iredell*, Macon, Madison,
McDowell, Montgomery, Orange*, Person*, Randolph*, Rockingham, Rutherford,
Swain*, Transylvania*)
Betula cordifolia Mountain Paper Birch SC-V S1 G5
M: high elevation forests and landslide scars (Yancey)
Bidens trichosperma Crowned Beggar-ticks SR-P S1 G5
CT: brackish marshes (Beaufort*, Chowan*, Craven*, Dare, Tyrrell*)
Boechera missouriensis Missouri Rockcress SC-V S1 G5
P: thin soils around basic rock outcrops (Anson, Madison, Stanly, Union)
Boltonia asteroides var. glastifolia White Doll’s-daisy SR-O S2 G5TNR
CS: clay-based Carolina bays, marshes, savannas (Brunswick, Camden*, Columbus,
Hoke, New Hanover, Robeson, Scotland)
14
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Botrychium lanceolatum var. Lance-leaf Moonwort SR-P S1 G5T4
angustisegmentum
MP: cove forests (Burke, Macon, McDowell)
Botrychium matricariifolium Daisy-leaf Moonwort SR-P S1 G5
MP: cove forests (Avery, Burke, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey)
Botrychium simplex var. simplex Least Moonwort SR-P S2 G5T5
M: open, grassy sites (Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Transylvania)
Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats Grama SR-P S1 G5T5
M: dry rocky slopes and bluffs (Swain)
Brachyelytrum aristosum Northern Shorthusk SR-P S3 G4G5
M: northern hardwood forests (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Clay, Graham,
Haywood, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga)
Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome SR-P S1 G5
M: moist areas near high elevation grassy balds (Alexander, Ashe, Buncombe, Haywood,
Henderson, Mitchell*, Transylvania, Watauga)
Bromus latiglumis Riverbank Brome SR-P S1 G5
M: river floodplains (Alleghany, Jackson)
Buchnera americana American Bluehearts E S1 G5?
MPS: glades, open forests, streambanks, probably primarily over mafic or calcareous
rocks (Cumberland*, Durham*, Harnett*, Orange*, Polk*, Rowan, Sampson*, Union,
Wake*)
Buckleya distichophylla Piratebush T FSC S2 G3
M: bluffs, dry slopes, forests on lower slopes (Buncombe, Haywood, Macon, Madison,
Mitchell, Swain*)
Bulbostylis warei Ware’s Hair Sedge SC-H SH G3G4
T: interdunes, riverine sandhills, and other xeric sand deposits (Brunswick*)
Calamagrostis cainii Cain’s Reed Grass E FSC S1 G1
M: high elevation rocky summits (Buncombe, Yancey)
Calamagrostis canadensis var. Canada Reed Grass SR-P S1 G5T5
canadensis
M: bogs and moist areas around high elevation rock outcrops (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery,
Haywood*, Macon, Mitchell*, Watauga*)
Calamagrostis porteri ssp. porteri Porter’s Reed Grass SR-P S1 G4T4
M: middle elevation ridgetop forests (Cherokee+, Clay, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
Rutherford, Surry, Transylvania*
Callitriche terrestris Terrestrial Water-starwort SR-O S2? G5
CP: low, wet places (Richmond, Stanly, Union)
Calopogon multiflorus Many-flower Grass-pink E FSC S1 G2G3
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
15
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Caltha palustris Marsh-marigold E S1 G5T5
M: boggy sites (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Madison*, Watauga, Yancey*)
Camassia scilloides Wild Hyacinth T S1 G4G5
CP: rich levees, slopes, and bottomlands (Alleghany, Northampton, Vance)
Campanula aparinoides Marsh Bellflower SR-P S2 G5
M: bogs and other wet, open sites (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Cherokee, Clay*,
Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*, Transylvania, Wilkes*, Yancey)
Campanula rotundifolia Bluebells E S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe)
Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC S2 G3
M: high elevation seeps, shaded outcrops, and streambanks (Avery, Caldwell, Graham,
Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Cardamine dissecta Dissected Toothwort SC-V S2 G4?
PM: rich woods, cove forests, bottomlands (Anson, Davidson, Durham, Guilford*,
Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Randolph, Rowan*, Rutherford+, Union)
Cardamine douglassii Douglass’s Bittercress T S2 G5
P: bottomlands, rich lower slopes (Cumberland, Durham, Granville, Harnett, Hertford*,
Northampton, Orange*, Wake)
Cardamine longii Long’s Bittercress SC-V S1 G3?
C: tidal marshes and tidal cypress-gum forests (Bladen, Craven*, New Hanover, Pender)
Cardamine micranthera Small-anthered Bittercress E E S2 G2
P: seeps, streamside sandbars, and floodplain depressions (Forsyth*, Stokes)
Cardamine rotundifolia Mountain Watercress T S2 G4
MP: seeps, banks of mountain brooks (Alleghany, Ashe, Mitchell, Stokes, Watauga,
Yancey)
Carex arctata Black Sedge SR-P S1 G5
M: northern hardwood and spruce forests, bog edges (Ashe, Watauga)
Carex argyrantha Hay Sedge E S1 G5
M: wet meadows (Ashe)
Carex austrodeflexa Canebrake Sedge SR-L S2 G3G4
CS: streamhead pocosins and floodplains of small blackwater streams (Brunswick,
Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Scotland)
Carex baileyi Bailey’s Sedge SR-P S2 G4
M: bogs and seeps (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Jackson, Mecklenburg*, Transylvania,
Watauga)
Carex barrattii Barratt’s Sedge SC-H SH G4
MS: seepage slopes (Harnett*, Henderson*)
16
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Carex basiantha Widow Sedge SR-D S1 G5
C: mesic forests, bottomlands, and lower slopes, over calcareous rock (Jones, Pender)
Carex bushii Bush’s Sedge SR-P S1 G4
PM: open wet areas (Ashe*, Cabarrus, Durham*, Gaston*, Granville*, Johnston*, Nash*,
Orange, Rowan, Stanly)
Carex buxbaumii Brown Bog Sedge SC-V S2 G5
MP: bogs and fens (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Forsyth*, Henderson, Watauga, Yancey)
Carex calcifugens Calcium-fleeing Sedge SR-T S2? G2G4
C: mesic deciduous forests and maritime woodlands (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Onslow)
Carex canescens var. canescens Silvery Sedge SR-P S2 G5T5
CS: beaver ponds, old millponds, impoundments; usually on Nyssa biflora (Dare, Hoke,
Hyde, Richmond, Scotland, Tyrrell)
Carex careyana Carey’s Sedge T S1 G4G5
M: rich cove forests (Jackson)
Carex cherokeensis Cherokee Sedge E S1 G4G5
MP: floodplains (Bertie, Cherokee, Macon, Madison, Pender, Polk)
Carex communis var. amplisquama Fort Mountain Sedge SR-T FSC S1 G5T3
M: rich woods (Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)
Carex conoidea Cone-shaped Sedge SC-V S1 G5
MP: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Iredell*)
Carex cristatella Small-crested Sedge SC-H SH G5
M: grassy balds, bogs (Jackson*, Swain*)
Carex crus-corvi Crowfoot Sedge SR-P S1 G5
C: swamp forests (Bertie*, Columbus, Durham, Edgecombe*, Martin*, Pitt*)
Carex decomposita Cypress Knee Sedge SC-V S2 G3G4
C: beaver ponds, old millponds; often on Taxodium ascendens trunks and knees
(Brunswick, Chowan, Cumberland, New Hanover*, Richmond, Warren*)
Carex deflexa A Sedge SR-D S1 G5
M: high elevation seepy forests
Carex eburnea Bristle-leaf Sedge T S1 G5
M: calcareous outcrops (Madison)
Carex emmonsii Emmons’s Sedge SR-O S2 G5T5
CS: moist woods and stream banks (Columbus, Harnett*, Hoke, Johnston*, Jones, Moore,
Northampton*, Onslow, Pender, Wayne*)
Carex exilis Coastal Sedge E S2 G5
S: seepage slopes, wet seepy powerlines (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore*)
17
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Carex hitchcockiana Hitchcock’s Sedge SC-V S1 G5
M: moist to dryish forests over calcareous or mafic rocks (Buncombe, Jackson, Macon)
Carex hormathodes A Sedge T S1 G4G5
C: freshwater and slightly brackish tidal marshes (Currituck)
Carex impressinervia Ravine Sedge SR-T FSC S2 G2
CP: rich alluvial forests (Anson, Harnett, Montgomery, Stanly, Union)
Carex jamesii James’s Sedge SR-P S2 G5
PC: rich woods, especially over mafic rocks (Caswell, Cumberland, Durham, Halifax,
Harnett, Lee, Martin, Moore, Northampton)
Carex lasiocarpa var. americana Slender Sedge SR-P S1 G5T5
M: shallow water of alkaline spring seep, hummocks in acidic basin marsh, high elevation
fen over amphibolite (Ashe)
Carex lupuliformis Hop-like Sedge SR-P S1 G4
CP: moist bottomlands, especially in calcareous or mafic areas (Bertie, Brunswick,
Craven*, Forsyth*, Jones, Sampson)
Carex lutea Golden Sedge E E S2 G2
C: ecotones between very wet clay savannas and swamp forests (Onslow, Pender)
Carex meadii Mead’s Sedge SR-P S1 G4G5
P: low wet places over diabase (Durham*, Granville)
Carex molestiformis Ozark Plateau Sedge SR-D S1 G4
M: Bottomland forests (Alleghany)
Carex oligocarpa Rich-woods Sedge T S1 G4
CM: rich woods, mostly over calcareous or mafic rocks (McDowell)
Carex oligosperma Few-seeded Sedge E S1 G5
M: seeps and bogs (Avery, Mitchell, Watauga)
Carex pedunculata var. pedunculata Longstalk Sedge SC-V S2 G5
M: rich cove forests (Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)
Carex projecta Necklace Sedge SR-P S1 G5
CMP: bogs, marshes, swamps, brownwater floodplain forests and openings (Avery,
Cherokee, Cumberland*, Iredell*, Lee, Madison, Mecklenburg, Mitchell, Swain*,
Transylvania, Wilkes)
Carex purpurifera Purple Sedge SC-V S2 G4?
M: low elevation, rich forests over limestone or marble (Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Macon,
Swain)
Carex radfordii Radford’s Sedge T FSC S1 G2
M: rich cove forests in the Blue Ridge escarpment region (Jackson, Polk, Transylvania)
18
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Carex reniformis Kidney Sedge T S1 G4?
CP: swamps, open wet areas (Bladen, Johnston*, Pender, Sampson, Wake*)
Carex roanensis Roan Sedge SR-T S2 G2G3
M: forests (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Madison*, McDowell, Mitchell,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Carex socialis Social Sedge SR-P S1 G4
C: streambeds and riverbanks (Columbus, Cumberland, Pender)
Carex sp. 2 Fen Sedge SR-T FSC S1 G1
M: seepage over mafic or ultramafic rocks (Alleghany)
Carex superata Limestone Forest Sedge SR-T S1? G4?
P: Mesic Hardwood Forests (Anson)
Carex tenax Wire Sedge E S1 G5?
CS: xeric sandhills (Moore, Wayne*)
Carex tetanica Rigid Sedge SR-P S1 G4G5
MC: bogs and swamps (Macon, Wake*, Warren*, Wilson*)
Carex trichocarpa Hairy-fruit Sedge SR-P S1 G4
M: marshy bogs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Haywood*)
Carex trisperma Three-seeded Sedge E S1 G5
M: bogs, wet forests at high elevations (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Mitchell*, Swain*,
Watauga)
Carex utriculata Beaked Sedge SR-P S1 G5
M: wet meadows (Alleghany, Henderson)
Carex verrucosa Warty Sedge SR-P S2 G4
CS: savannas and pinelands (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Columbus*, New Hanover*, Onslow)
Carex vesicaria Inflated Sedge SR-P S1 G5
M: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe)
Carex vestita Velvet Sedge SC-H S1 G5
P: low woods (Chatham*, Durham*, Polk)
Carex woodii Wood’s Sedge SR-P S3 G4
MPC: forested slopes, cove forests, and northern hardwoods (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery,
Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Henderson, Jackson, Jones*, Macon, Mitchell*, Orange*,
Transylvania, Watauga)
Carya laciniosa Big Shellbark Hickory T S1 G5
PC: brownwater river levees (Bertie, Durham, Halifax)
Carya myristiciformis Nutmeg Hickory E S1 G4
C: wet marl forests (Brunswick, Pender)
19
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Caulophyllum giganteum Northern Blue Cohosh SR-P S1 G4G5Q
M: cove forests (Alleghany, Ashe, Graham)
Celastrus scandens American Bittersweet E S2? G5
MP: cove forests and rich woods (Buncombe, Burke, Caswell, Cherokee, Cleveland,
Graham, Haywood*, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison*, McDowell, Mitchell*,
Randolph*, Rutherford, Swain*, Watauga*, Wilkes, Yancey*)
Ceratophyllum australe Southern Hornwort SR-P S1 G5TNR
CT: pools in maritime forests, possibly other natural depression wetlands (Carteret*,
Chowan)
Chamerion platyphyllum Fireweed E S1 G5T5
M: grassy balds, roadsides, disturbed areas (Alleghany, Avery, Caldwell, Haywood,
Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey*)
Chasmanthium nitidum A Spanglegrass T S1 G3G4
C: blackwater bottomlands over marl (Pender)
Cheilanthes alabamensis Alabama Lipfern SR-P S1 G4G5
M: calcareous outcrops (Madison)
Chelone cuthbertii Cuthbert’s Turtlehead SC-V FSC S3? G3
MPC: bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Catawba, Cumberland, Henderson, Jackson,
Macon, Madison, McDowell, Stokes, Transylvania, Wayne, Yancey)
Chelone obliqua Red Turtlehead SR-T S2 G4
CM: swamp forests, bogs, wet places (Burke, Gates, Graham, Hertford*, McDowell,
Rutherford, Swain*, Transylvania)
Chenopodium foggii Fogg’s Goosefoot SR-T SH G2G3
M: rocky, mountain slopes
Chenopodium simplex Giant-seed Goosefoot T S1 G5
M: shaded soil at bases of cliffs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Jackson)
Chrysoma pauciflosculosa Woody Goldenrod E S1 G4G5
C: riverine sand ridges and xeric pine-oak scrub (Columbus, Cumberland, Robeson)
Cirsium carolinianum Carolina Thistle E S2 G5
P: forests and disturbed areas, mostly on basic soils (Burke, Cabarrus*, Granville,
Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Rowan, Rutherford, Wake*, Wilkes*)
Cirsium lecontei Leconte’s Thistle SC-V S2 G2G3
C: savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Onslow, Pender,
Robeson)
Cirsium nuttallii Nuttall’s Thistle SR-P S1 G5
C: pine savannas, roadsides, pastures
Cladium mariscoides Twig-rush SR-O S3 G5
CSMT: bogs, fens, brackish marshes, sandhill seepage bogs (Alleghany, Ashe, Camden,
Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Watauga, Yancey)
20
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Clematis catesbyana Coastal Virgin’s-bower SR-P S2 G4G5
TCM: dunes, edges of maritime forests, or over dolomite (Carteret, Currituck*, Dare,
Jones, McDowell, Onslow, Rutherford, Wake*)
Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis Mountain Clematis SC-V S1 G5T5
M: montane oak forests and northern hardwood forests (Ashe, Buncombe)
Clinopodium georgianum Georgia Calamint E S2 G5
SC: rock ledges near blackwater streams and disturbed pine-oak uplands (Anson*,
Brunswick, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*)
Coeloglossum viride var. virescens Long-bracted Frog Orchid E S1 G5T5
MP: seeps in cove forests (Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Forsyth*, Haywood*, Jackson*,
Macon*, Watauga)
Coelorachis cylindrica Carolina Jointgrass SC-H SH G4G5
P: open woodlands and roadsides (Anson*, Union*)
Collinsonia tuberosa Piedmont Horsebalm SC-V S1 G3G4
PM: rich hardwood forests (Alamance*, Chatham, Guilford*, Henderson*, McDowell,
Montgomery, Polk, Rutherford)
Collinsonia verticillata Whorled Horsebalm SC-V S2 G3G4
PM: cove forests (Burke, Polk)
Conioselinum chinense Hemlock-parsley T S1 G5
M: high elevation seepage slopes (Avery)
Coptis trifolia var. groenlandica Goldthread T S1 G5T5
M: bogs and moist, mossy forests (Alleghany)
Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata Spotted Coralroot SR-P S2 G5T3T5
M: northern hardwood forests (Buncombe*, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon*,
McDowell, Transylvania, Watauga*, Yancey)
Corallorhiza wisteriana Spring Coral-root SR-O S1S2 G5
MPCT: nutrient-rich forests, especially over limestone, mafic rocks or shell rich sands
(Buncombe*, Carteret*, Catawba*, Cleveland, Davie*, Durham*, Graham*, Harnett,
Jackson*, Macon*, Madison, McDowell, New Hanover*, Orange*, Polk*, Rutherford,
Surry*)
Coreopsis aristulata Short-awned Coreopsis SR-L S1 G1?
C: wet savanna with calcareous influence (Onslow)
Coreopsis grandiflora var. grandiflora Large-flowered Tickseed SR-O S1 G5T4T5
M: acidic glades (Jackson, Macon)
Coreopsis palustris Beadle’s Coreopsis SR-P S1S2 G3G4Q
C: swamp forests and swamp edges (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*,
Duplin*, Jones*, Onslow, Pender, Pitt*)
21
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Cornus asperifolia Roughleaf Dogwood E S1 G4
C: wet marl forests (Onslow, Pender)
Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood SR-P S1 G5?
P: moist soil in riparian zones, roadsides, and thickets (Durham, Orange)
Corydalis micrantha Slender Corydalis T S1 G5T4
PM: thin, circumneutral soils on rock outcrops or cliffs (Alexander, Jackson*, Madison)
Crataegus coccinea Scarlet Hawthorn SR-P S2? G5
MP: deciduous forest understories, pastures, upland thickets
Crataegus munda Batesburg Hawthorn SR-T S2? G3G5Q
C: xeric or subxeric forests, scrublands, disturbed woodlands (Bladen, Cumberland*,
Sampson)
Crataegus pallens Pale Hawthorn SR-T S1S2 G1G2
M: subxeric forests, slopes, rock outcrops, especially over mafic or calcareous substrates
Crataegus senta A Hawthorn SR-T S1? G2
CM: upland hills, disturbed forests, pastures
Crataegus succulenta Fleshy Hawthorn SR-P S1S2 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits, mesic forests, pastures, especially over basic soil or
mafic substrate
Crinum americanum var. Swamp-lily SC-H SH G5T5
americanum
C: tidal swamp forests, tidal marshes (New Hanover*)
Crocanthemum bicknellii Plains Sunrose SC-V S1 G5
M: rock outcrops, glades, fens (Ashe, Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson*,
Macon*, Swain+, Transylvania)
Crocanthemum carolinianum Carolina Sunrose E S1 G4
CS: sandhills, pinelands, dry savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland*,
Dare, Hoke, New Hanover, Pender, Robeson, Wilson*)
Crocanthemum corymbosum Pinebarren Sunrose T S1 G4G5
TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare)
Crocanthemum georgianum Georgia Sunrose E S1 G4
TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover)
Crocanthemum nashii Florida Scrub Frostweed E S1 G3?
(=Helianthemum nashii) C: coastal fringe sandhill (Brunswick, New Hanover)
Crocanthemum propinquum Creeping Sunrose T S1 G4
MP: rock outcrops, glades (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Clay, Forsyth,
Haywood, Henderson*, Macon, Stokes, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey)
22
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Crocanthemum rosmarinifolium Rosemary Sunrose T S2 G4
SC: dry clearings and roadsides within longleaf pine ecosystems (Hoke, Richmond,
Scotland)
Croton monanthogynus Prairie-tea Croton E S1 G5
M: calcareous rock outcrops (Madison)
Cuscuta cephalanthi Buttonbush Dodder SR-T S1 G5
MP: on woody hosts (Alleghany)
Cuscuta coryli Hazel Dodder SR-T S1? G5?
CPM: on woody or herbaceous hosts (Burke, McDowell, Rutherford)
Cyperus dentatus Toothed Flatsedge SC-H SH G4
C: marshes (Brunswick*, Currituck*, Dare*)
Cyperus granitophilus Granite Flatsedge T S2 G3G4Q
P: granite flatrocks, other rock outcrops (Alexander*, Anson, Forsyth*, Franklin,
Granville, Guilford*, Rutherford, Wake, Yadkin*)
Cyperus lecontei Leconte’s Flatsedge T S2 G4?
C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, New Hanover*, Onslow)
Cyperus tetragonus Four-angled Flatsedge SC-V S1 G4?
T: maritime forests and barrier island grasslands (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, New
Hanover*, Onslow, Pender)
Cyperus virens Green Flatsedge SR-P S1 G5
C:marshes and ditches (Columbus)
Cypripedium parviflorum var. Small Yellow Lady’s-slipper SR-T S1S2 G5T3T5
parviflorum
M: upper slopes of rich high elevation forests (Clay, Graham, Macon)
Cystopteris fragilis Fragile Fern SR-P S1 G5
M: high elevation cliffs (Ashe, Mitchell, Watauga)
Cystopteris tennesseensis Tennessee Bladder-fern E S1 G5
CM: calcareous rock outcrops (Craven, Graham*, Jones, Onslow*)
Cystopteris tenuis Upland Bladder-fern SR-P S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits, cliffs (Transylvania, Watauga)
Danthonia epilis Bog Oatgrass SR-T FSC S3 G3G4
MS: seepage bogs; wet, seepy powerlines (Burke, Cumberland, Harnett, Haywood,
Jackson, Macon, Montgomery, Moore, Richmond, Scotland, Transylvania)
Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E FSC S2 G3
MP: grassy balds, glades, woodlands, mostly over mafic rock (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery,
Durham, Granville*, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*, Union*,
Watauga)
23
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Dendrolycopodium dendroideum Prickly Ground-pine SR-P S2 G5
M: openings and balds (Ashe, Avery, Graham, Haywood, Henderson*, Jackson, Swain,
Transylvania*)
Dendrolycopodium hickeyi Pennsylvania Ground-pine SR-P S2? G5
M: openings, balds, bog margins, and high elevation forests (Avery*, Buncombe, Burke*,
Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Transylvania, Yancey)
Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. glauca Tufted Hairgrass T S1 G5T5
M: olivine barrens, high elevation outcrops of mafic rock (Alleghany, Ashe, Clay)
Desmodium fernaldii Fernald’s Tick-trefoil SR-P S1 G4
SC: dry to mesic hardwood-pine woodlands (Brunswick*, Cumberland, Dare*, Duplin*,
Edgecombe*, Gates*, Hoke, Jones*, Lenoir*, Martin*, Montgomery, Richmond,
Scotland*, Washington*)
Desmodium ochroleucum Creamy Tick-trefoil SC-H FSC SH G1G2
P: sandy or rocky woodland openings (Davie*, Orange*, Swain*)
Desmodium sessilifolium Sessile Tick-trefoil SC-H SH G5
P: open woodlands (Cabarrus*, Mecklenburg*)
Diarrhena americana Eastern Beakgrass E S1 G4G5
M: rich cove forest (Graham, Jackson)
Dicentra eximia Bleeding Heart SR-P S3 G4
MP: rock outcrops (Buncombe, Burke, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Macon, Madison,
McDowell, Mitchell, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga*, Yancey)
Dichanthelium annulum Ringed Witch Grass SR-P S1 GNR
CP: dry sandy or rocky open woods and borders of thickets (Alleghany, Chatham*, Clay*,
Dare*, Davie*, Durham*, Lee*, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery*, Orange*, Person*,
Rowan*, Stanly, Stokes*, Wake*)
Dichanthelium boreale Northern Witch Grass SR-P S2 G5
MP: open woods (Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Columbus, Granville, Jackson, Macon,
Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore*, Rowan, Yancey)
Dichanthelium caerulescens Blue Witch Grass E S1S2 G2G3
C: wet savannas with a calcareous influence (Brunswick*, Carteret, Currituck, Dare,
Hyde, Onslow, Pender)
Dichanthelium cryptanthum Hidden-flowered Witchgrass SR-T S2 G2G3
(=Panicum cryptanthum) C: wet streamhead pocosin openings, including utility clearings
(Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston*, Moore, New
Hanover*, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Wake*)
Dichanthelium fusiforme Spindle-fruited Witch Grass SR-P S1 G5?
CS: dry sandy pinelands and other clearings (Beaufort, Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus*,
Dare, Gates, Hoke, Jones, Moore, Onslow, Richmond*)
Dichanthelium hirstii Hirsts’ Panic Grass E C S1 G1
C: cypress savannas (Onslow)
24
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Dichanthelium neuranthum Nerved Witch Grass SC-V S1 G5T3
(=D. neuranthum) T: maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick*, Carteret*, Dare, Hyde, New
Hanover*, Union)
Dichanthelium spretum Eaton’s Witch Grass SR-D S1S2 G5
CP: wet sands and peats of bogs, savannas, meadows, and shores (Carteret, Craven,
Onslow)
Didiplis diandra Water Purslane SR-P S1 G5
CS: sluggish streams and ponds (Chowan*, Edgecombe*, Harnett*, Hertford*, Johnston,
Moore*, Nash, Perquimans*, Richmond, Wake, Warren*)
Didymoglossum petersii Dwarf Filmy-fern SR-T S2 G4G5
M: moist rocks in humid gorges (Graham, Jackson, Macon, Transylvania)
Diervilla rivularis Riverbank Bush-honeysuckle T S1 G3
M: forests (Yancey)
Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap SC-V FSC S2 G3
CST: savannas, seepage bogs, pocosin edges (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret,
Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin, Hoke, Jones, Lenoir*, Moore*, New Hanover,
Onslow, Pamlico, Pender, Robeson*, Sampson)
Diplachne maritima Salt-meadow Grass E S1 G5T3T4Q
CT: fresh to brackish tidal marshes (Brunswick, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Tyrrell)
Ditrysinia fruticosa Sebastian-bush SC-V S2 G5
C: swamp forests (Brunswick, Columbus, Pender*, Robeson)
Draba ramosissima Branching Draba SC-V S2 G4
MP: calcareous and mafic rock outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Madison,
Rutherford)
Drosera filiformis Threadleaf Sundew SC-V S2 G4
C: depression ponds, wet borrow pits, and ditches in various habitats including savannas,
riverine sand ridges, and bay rims (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Duplin, Robeson,
Sampson)
Echinacea laevigata Smooth Coneflower E E S1S2 G2G3
P: glades, woodlands, and open areas over mafic rocks (Durham, Granville, Mecklenburg,
Montgomery*, Orange*, Rockingham*)
Echinacea pallida Pale Coneflower SR-D S1 G4
P: mafic glades and barrens (Gaston*, Granville, McDowell*, Mecklenburg*, Richmond,
Rutherford)
Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower SC-V S1 G4
M: open woods and clearings (Alleghany+, Graham, Jackson*, Madison*, McDowell,
Randolph, Rutherford*, Yadkin*)
Eleocharis atropurpurea Purple Spikerush SR-D S1 G4G5
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Scotland*)
25
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Eleocharis cellulosa Gulfcoast Spikerush E S2 G4G5
CT: interdune ponds, brackish marshes & tidal freshwater marshes (Beaufort, Carteret,
Dare, Hyde, Onslow*, Washington)
Eleocharis elongata Florida Spikerush E S1 G5?
C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Onslow)
Eleocharis fallax Creeping Spikerush SR-T S1S2 G4G5
C: fresh to brackish tidal marshes (Carteret*, Dare, Onslow)
Eleocharis halophila Saltmarsh Spikerush SR-P S1 G4
CT: brackish and freshwater marshes (Dare, Hyde*)
Eleocharis montevidensis Sand Spikerush SR-P S1 G5
CT: maritime wet grassland (Currituck*, Dare, Hyde, Onslow)
Eleocharis parvula Little-spike Spikerush SR-D S1 G5
CT: brackish and fresh marshes (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Onslow, Tyrrell)
Eleocharis robbinsii Robbins’ Spikerush SC-V S2 G4G5
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, peat-burn lakes, millponds, beaver ponds,
artificial lakes (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke,
Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Sampson, Scotland, Washington)
Eleocharis rostellata Beaked Spikerush SR-O S2 G5
CT: brackish marshes (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde,
Pamlico)
Eleocharis vivipara Viviparous Spikerush E S1 G5
C: bogs and pools (Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Slender Wheatgrass T S1 G5T5
trachycaulus
M: olivine barrens (Clay)
Elymus virginicus var. halophilus Terrell Grass SC-V S1 G5T5
C: brackish marshes, maritime forests and hammocks (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Craven,
Washington)
Enemion biternatum Eastern Isopyrum SC-V S2 G5
PC: rich bottomlands, levees, and lower slopes (Caswell, Chatham*, Cumberland,
Durham, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Lee, Northampton, Orange*, Person,
Vance)
Epidendrum magnoliae Green Fly Orchid T S1S2 G4
C: epiphytic on trees in blackwater river swamps (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, New
Hanover, Pender)
Epilobium ciliatum Purpleleaf Willowherb SR-P S2 G5
M: seeps and bogs (Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon, Madison,
Mitchell*, Swain*, Watauga, Yancey*)
Erigenia bulbosa Harbinger-of-spring SR-P S1 G5
MP: rich woods (Caswell, Graham)
26
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Eriocaulon aquaticum Seven-angled Pipewort SC-V S2 G5
CS: blackwater creeks, natural lakes, tidal freshwater marshes (Bladen, Brunswick*,
Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Perquimans*, Tyrrell,
Washington)
Eriocaulon parkeri Estuary Pipewort T S1 G3
C: natural lakes (Hyde, Tyrrell)
Eriocaulon texense Texas Hatpins E S1 G4
S: streamhead seepage ecotones and seepage slopes (Cumberland, Richmond)
Eriogonum tomentosum Southern Wild-buckwheat SC-H SH G4G5
C: sandhills (Bladen*)
Eryngium aquaticum var. ravenelii Marsh Eryngo SR-P S1 G4T2T3
C: wet flatwoods with a calcareous influence, ditches (Pender)
Erythrina herbacea Coralbean E S2 G5
TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret*, New Hanover)
Eupatorium anomalum Florida Thoroughwort SR-T S1? G2G3
C: wet savannas
Eupatorium leptophyllum Limesink Dog-fennel E S2 G4G5
C: limesink ponds and clay-based Carolina bays (Brunswick, New Hanover, Robeson,
Scotland)
Eupatorium paludicola Bay Boneset T FSC S1S2 G2
C: cypress savannas, clay-based bays, and small depressions ponds (Onslow, Scotland)
Eupatorium resinosum Pine Barren Boneset SR-O S3 G3
SC: seepage bogs, impoundments, shrub swamps, openings in streamhead pocosins
(Bladen, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland)
Eupatorium saltuense Tall Boneset SR-L S1? G4
P: upland forests, woodland borders (Burke, Caswell*, Cleveland, Granville, McDowell,
Person, Rutherford, Warren)
Euphorbia bombensis Southern Seaside Spurge SR-T S2? G4G5
T: seabeaches (Brunswick*, Carteret, Dare)
Euphorbia commutata Cliff Spurge T S1 G5
MP: thin soil around mafic or calcareous outcrops (Buncombe, Caswell*, Haywood,
Rutherford)
Euphorbia cordifolia Heartleaf Sandmat T S1 G5
CS: sandhills (Bladen, Richmond*, Wayne*)
Euphorbia mercurialina Cumberland Spurge SC-V S2 G4
P: rich slopes over gabbro (Anson, Richmond)
27
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3
M: forests, especially over mafic rock (Ashe, Buncombe, Clay, Graham, Haywood,
Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain, Watauga*, Yancey)
Eurybia mirabilis Piedmont Aster SR-T FSC S3 G3
P: rich slopes and bottomlands (Anson, Macon*, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Richmond,
Stanly, Union)
Eurybia spectabilis Showy Aster SR-O S2? G5
CMP: pine barrens and woodland borders (Bertie*, Cabarrus*, Chatham, Chowan*,
Craven*, Durham, Gates*, Hertford, Jones, Lee*, Onslow, Pitt*, Polk, Robeson, Rowan*,
Stanly*)
Eustachys glauca Saltmarsh Fingergrass SR-P SH G4
T: salt marshes
Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie E S1 G4G5
M: bogs, wet meadows (Buncombe, Haywood, Macon, Watauga, Yancey)
Fimbristylis perpusilla Harper’s Fimbry T FSC S1 G2
C: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus)
Fleischmannia incarnata Pink Thoroughwort T S2 G5
PMC: rich woods and thin woodlands over diabase, calcareous rocks, other basic rocks, or
rich alluvium (Alexander, Durham*, Madison, Martin*, Polk, Richmond, Warren*,
Wilkes)
Fothergilla major Large Witch-alder SR-T S3 G3
MP: dry ridgetop or bluff forests, seepage wetlands, and Piedmont longleaf pine forests
(Burke, Chatham, Gaston*, Harnett, Jackson, McDowell, Montgomery, Orange, Person,
Polk*, Rutherford, Stanly, Stokes, Surry, Transylvania, Wake)
Frasera caroliniensis Columbo SR-P S2S3 G5
M: deciduous forests on mafic soil (Cherokee*, Clay, Graham, Macon)
Gaillardia aestivalis var. aestivalis Sandhills Blanket-flower E S2 G5TNR
S: dry sandy roadsides, dry longleaf pine-oak uplands (Cumberland*, Hoke, Moore*,
Richmond, Scotland)
Galactia mollis Soft Milk-pea T S2 G4G5
CST: loamy sand depressions in longleaf pine-oak uplands (Brunswick*, Cumberland,
Hoke, Richmond, Scotland, Wayne*)
Gaylussacia brachycera Box Huckleberry E S1 G3
P: dry ridges and slopes (Durham)
Gaylussacia nana Confederate Huckleberry E S1 G4
C: coastal fringe sandhill (New Hanover)
Appalachian Dwarf
Huckleberry
Gaylussacia orocola SR-L S1 G1
M: bogs (Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Henderson, Macon*, Transylvania)
28
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Gelsemium rankinii Swamp Jessamine SC-V S1S2 G5
C: floodplains of blackwater rivers and streams (Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland*,
New Hanover, Pender, Robeson)
Gentiana alba Yellow Gentian SC-V SH G4
M: habitat not known (Watauga*)
Gentiana latidens Balsam Mountain Gentian SR-L S2 G2G3
M: moist open sites on rocky slopes (Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Transylvania)
Gentianopsis crinita Fringed Gentian T S1 G5
M: glades, serpentine barrens, open sites over basic rocks (Ashe, Clay, Macon*, Watauga)
Geum aleppicum Yellow Avens E S1 G5
M: bogs (Avery, Swain*)
Geum geniculatum Bent Avens SC-V FSC S1S2 G1G2
M: high elevation forests, streambanks, seepage slopes (Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell,
Watauga)
Geum laciniatum Rough Avens E S1 G5
M: bogs and wet meadows (Avery, Wilkes*)
Geum lobatum Lobed Barren-strawberry E FSC S1 G2G3
M: streambanks and ravines (Jackson*, Transylvania)
Geum radiatum Spreading Avens E E S2 G2
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke*, Haywood, Mitchell,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Gillenia stipulata Indian Physic T S2 G5
P: forests and open woods, mainly over mafic rocks (Cabarrus*, Chatham*, Davidson,
Durham, Granville, Lee*, McDowell, Montgomery, Moore*, Orange*, Person, Union,
Wake)
Glyceria laxa Lax Mannagrass SR-P S1 G5
M: seeps (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon, Transylvania)
Glyceria nubigena Smoky Mountain Mannagrass SR-L FSC S2 G2
M: high elevation seeps (Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Swain, Transylvania)
Gratiola aurea Golden Hedge-hyssop SC-V S1 G5
C: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Gates*, Pender,
Sampson)
Gratiola ramosa Branched Hedge-hyssop SR-P S1 G4G5
CS: cypress savannas and clay-based Carolina bays (Hoke, Robeson*, Scotland)
Gymnocarpium appalachianum Appalachian Oak Fern T FSC S1 G3
M: shaded and sheltered crevices on high elevation rocky summits (Ashe)
29
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Hackelia virginiana Virginia Stickseed SR-P S1S2 G5
MP: woods and thickets with circumneutral soil (Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*,
Buncombe, Burke*, Caldwell, Clay*, Granville, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Madison,
Martin, McDowell, Polk*, Rutherford, Surry*, Vance)
Helanthium tenellum Dwarf-burhead E SH G5?
C: drawdown zones of clay-based Carolina bays and blackwater rivers (Brunswick*,
Columbus*, Robeson*)
Helenium brevifolium Littleleaf Sneezeweed E S1 G4
PMC: bogs, seeps, riverbanks, other wet sites (Alleghany, Brunswick*, Clay, Henderson*,
Iredell, Lenoir*, Lincoln, Montgomery, Rowan*, Stanly*, Wake*)
Helenium pinnatifidum Dissected Sneezeweed SR-P S2 G4
C: savannas and open, wet, mucky sites (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover*,
Pender, Robeson*)
Helenium vernale Spring Sneezeweed E S1 G4?
C: savannas and adjacent ditches (Brunswick, Columbus)
Helianthus floridanus Florida Sunflower T S1 G3G4
C: savannas and pocosins (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Robeson)
Helianthus laevigatus Smooth Sunflower SC-V S3 G4
PM: shaly open woods and roadsides (Anson, Burke, Cleveland*, Davidson, Jackson,
McDowell, Montgomery, Rowan, Rutherford, Stanly, Transylvania, Union)
Helianthus occidentalis ssp. Naked-stem Sunflower SC-H SX G5T5
occidentalis
M: Rocky or sandy flood-scoured riversides (Buncombe*)
Helianthus schweinitzii Schweinitz’s Sunflower E E S3 G3
P: open woods, roadsides, and other rights-of-way (Anson, Cabarrus, Catawba, Davidson,
Gaston, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Stanly, Stokes, Surry,
Union)
Heliotropium curassavicum var. Seaside Heliotrope SR-P SH G5T5
curassavicum
T: salt flats and salt marshes (Hyde*)
Helonias bullata Swamp Pink T T S2 G3
M: bogs (Ashe, Henderson, Jackson, Transylvania)
Heteranthera multiflora Multiflowered Mud-plantain SR-P S1 G4
C: open pools in brownwater or blackwater river floodplains (Bertie*, Martin, Pasquotank,
Perquimans, Wake, Washington)
Heuchera hispida Hispid Alumroot SR-P S1 G5T3?
P: rich, rocky woods (Alleghany, Ashe)
Heuchera pubescens Downy Alumroot SR-P S1 G4?
MP: rock outcrops (Haywood*, Madison, Stokes*, Surry*)
30
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Hexalectris spicata Crested Coralroot SR-P S2 G5
PMC: dry or mesic woods on basic soils (Alleghany, Burke*, Cabarrus, Clay,
Cumberland, Davidson*, Davie*, Durham, Franklin*, Granville, Harnett, Hoke, Jackson*,
Johnston*, Jones*, Lincoln, Macon, Madison*, Mecklenburg, Orange, Polk*, Randolph,
Rutherford, Stanly, Surry*)
Hexastylis contracta Mountain Heartleaf E FSC S1 G3
M: acidic forests under rhododendron (Buncombe, Caldwell, Henderson)
Hexastylis naniflora Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S3 G3
P: rich deciduous forests, bluffs, and ravines (Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba,
Cleveland, Gaston, Iredell, Lincoln, Polk, Rutherford)
Hexastylis rhombiformis French Broad Heartleaf SR-L FSC S3 G3
MP: cove forests (Buncombe, Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)
Hibiscus aculeatus Comfortroot T S1 G4G5
C: bay forests, sand ridges, and roadsides (Carteret, New Hanover, Robeson)
Hottonia inflata Featherfoil SR-O S1? G4
CPT: pools in blackwater or brownwater swamps, interdune ponds (Dare, Edgecombe*,
Gates, Halifax, Johnston, Lenoir, Martin*, Tyrrell)
Houstonia montana Roan Mountain Bluet E E S2 G2
M: high elevation rocky summits, grassy balds (Ashe, Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell,
Watauga, Yancey)
Hudsonia montana Mountain Golden-heather T T S1 G1
M: gorge rim outcrops, rocky summits, pine-oak/heath ridges (Burke, McDowell)
Hudsonia tomentosa Sand Heather T S2 G5
T: openings in maritime forest, blowouts, and dunes (Currituck, Dare)
Huperzia porophila Rock Fir-clubmoss SR-P S2 G4
M: in spray zone of waterfalls (Jackson, Macon, Polk*, Rutherford, Transylvania)
Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal SR-O S3 G3G4
MP: cove forests, other rich deciduous forests (Alleghany, Buncombe, Graham, Jackson,
Macon, Madison, Polk, Rockingham, Stokes, Swain, Watauga*)
Hymenocallis occidentalis Hillside Spider-lily SC-H SH G4?
M: wooded hillsides (McDowell*)
Hymenocallis pygmaea Waccamaw River Spiderlily T FSC S1 G1G2Q
C: banks of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus, Pender)
Hymenophyllum tayloriae Gorge Filmy Fern SR-O FSC S1S2 G2
M: moist grottoes and spray cliffs in escarpment gorges with high rainfall (Jackson,
Macon, Transylvania)
Hypericum adpressum Bog St. John’s-wort SC-H FSC SH G3
C: streamside seepage areas, depression ponds and other isolated wetlands (Halifax*,
Northampton*)
31
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Hypericum brachyphyllum Coastal Plain St. John’s-wort SC-V S1S2 G5
C: wet pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Hypericum fasciculatum Peelbark St. John’s-wort E S1 G5
CS: beaver ponds, low pinelands, pools (Brunswick, Cumberland*, Hoke, Moore, New
Hanover*, Robeson)
Hypericum fraseri Fraser’s Marsh St. John’s-wort SR-P S1 G5
M: bogs and peaty wetlands
Hypericum radfordiorum Radford’s St. John’s-wort SR-L FSC S2 G2
P: thin soils around rock outcrops in the Brushy Mountains
Hypericum suffruticosum Pineland St. John’s-wort SC-H SH G4G5
C: pine savannas (Bladen*, Sampson*)
Hypoxis juncea Fringed Yellow Stargrass SR-P S1 G4?
C: savannas (Bladen, Pender)
Hypoxis rigida Stiff-leaved Yellow Stargrass SR-P S2 G4
CS: savannas and seepage slopes associated with streamheads (Brunswick, Cumberland,
Hoke, Moore*)
Hypoxis sessilis Sessile Yellow Stargrass SR-P S1 G4
CS: savannas, pinelands (Brunswick, Pender*)
Ilex collina Long-stalked Holly SC-V S1 G3
M: bogs, wet streamsides, or high elevation forests (Ashe, Haywood, Swain, Watauga)
Ilex longipes Georgia Holly SR-P S1 G5
P: upland forests and woodlands (Anson*, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Nash*, Rutherford,
Union, Wilson*)
Ipomoea imperati Beach Morning-glory T S1 G5
T: sea beaches and foredunes (Brunswick, Carteret, Hyde, Onslow)
Ipomoea macrorhiza Manroot SR-P SH G3G5
TC: low marshy places, dunes (Brunswick*)
Iris prismatica Slender Blue Iris SR-T S1S2 G4G5
CM: bogs, marshes, and wet powerline clearings (Anson, Beaufort, Brunswick, Camden*,
Dare, Gates*, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, New Hanover, Pamlico, Pasquotank*,
Perquimans*, Tyrrell*)
Isoetes microvela Thin-wall Quillwort T FSC S1 G1
C: emergent riverbanks, calcareous influenced riverbanks (Brunswick, Jones, Onslow,
Pender, Sampson)
Isoetes piedmontana Piedmont Quillwort E S2 G3
P: granite flatrocks and diabase glades (Anson, Franklin, Granville, Rowan*, Rutherford,
Wake)
32
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Isoetes virginica Virginia Quillwort SR-L FSC S1 G1
P: upland depression swamp forests, clayey soils (Caswell, Chatham*, Person, Rowan*,
Union*)
Isolepis carinata Keeled Beakrush SR-P S1 G5
PC: wet places, granitic flatrocks (Anson, Tyrrell, Union)
Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia T T S1S2 G2
MP: forests, especially with white pine (Burke, Cherokee, Guilford, Haywood,
Henderson*, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Rutherford, Surry*, Transylvania)
Iva microcephala Small-headed Marsh Elder T S2 G5
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Robeson, Scotland)
Jeffersonia diphylla Twinleaf T S1 G5
M: rich cove forests, especially over calcareous rocks (Jackson, Madison)
Juncus articulatus Jointleaf Rush SR-D SH G5
C: marshes
Juncus caesariensis New Jersey Rush E FSC S1 G2G3
M: seepage bog (Clay, Henderson)
Juncus dudleyi Dudley’s Rush SR-P S1 G5
M: calcareous seepages and riverscours
Juncus militaris Bayonet Rush SR-D S1 G4
C: exposed peaty-sandy shorelines of lakes (Washington)
Juniperus communis var. depressa Dwarf Juniper SC-V S1 G5T5
MP: high elevation granitic domes, low elevation rocky summits (Buncombe*, Cleveland,
Gaston, Macon, Rutherford)
Kalmia angustifolia Sheep-laurel T S1 G5
C: sandy, xeric to mesic hillsides (Gates)
Lachnocaulon minus Brown Bogbutton T S2 G3G4
CS: depression ponds and ditches (Brunswick, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson)
Lathyrus pusillus Tiny Peavine SR-D SH G5?
PC: wet, disturbed sites (McDowell*)
Lechea maritima var. virginica Maritime Pinweed E S1 G5T3Q
T: barren dunefields with Hudsonia tomentosa (Dare)
Lechea torreyi var. congesta Torrey’s Pinweed E S1 G4
CS: sandhills, savannas (Brunswick, Moore*, Pender)
Leersia lenticularis Catchfly Cutgrass SR-P S2? G5
C: low woods (Bertie, Bladen, Chatham, Craven, Halifax, Johnston, Martin, Pender)
33
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Liatris aspera Rough Blazing-star T S1 G4G5
M: glades, open woods, fens (Ashe, Burke*, Cleveland, Henderson*, Jackson*, Macon+,
McDowell, Polk*, Rutherford, Stanly, Transylvania*)
Liatris helleri Heller’s Blazing-star T T S2 G2Q
M: high elevation rocky summits, cliffs (Ashe, Avery, Burke, Caldwell, Mitchell*,
Watauga)
Liatris microcephala Small-head Blazing-star SC-V S1 G3G4
M: rock outcrops, glades, dry woodlands (Macon*, Polk*, Rutherford)
Liatris squarrulosa Earle’s Blazing-star SR-P S2 G4G5
PSM: diabase glades, open woods especially over mafic rocks; also loamy-sand soils in
longleaf pine-oak sandhills (Anson, Cherokee, Cumberland, Durham, Graham, Granville,
Harnett*, Hoke, McDowell, Orange*, Person, Richmond, Robeson, Rutherford, Scotland,
Stokes*, Swain*, Wake)
Liatris turgida Shale-barren Blazing-star SR-T S1S2 G3
M: dry rocky woods (Buncombe*, Burke, Cleveland, Macon, Polk*, Rutherford)
Lilaeopsis carolinensis Carolina Grasswort SR-O S2 G3G5
TC: freshwater marshes, pools, tidal marshes (Brunswick, Camden, Currituck, Dare,
Hyde, New Hanover, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Washington)
Lilium canadense ssp. editorum Red Canada Lily E S1 G5T4
MP: bogs, wet meadows (Alleghany, Avery*, Cabarrus, Graham, Henderson, Randolph,
Rutherford*, Stanly*)
Lilium canadense var. canadense Yellow Canada Lily E S1 G5T4?
MP: bogs, wet meadows (Cabarrus, Watauga)
Lilium grayi Gray’s Lily T FSC S3 G3
M: bogs, wet meadows, seeps, grassy balds, high elevation forests (Alleghany, Ashe,
Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood, Henderson*, McDowell, Mitchell, Watauga,
Yancey)
Lilium philadelphicum var. Wood Lily E S2 G5T4T5
philadelphicum
M: grassy balds, glades (Ashe, Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Polk*, Swain, Watauga,
Yancey)
Lilium pyrophilum Sandhills Lily E FSC S2 G2
CS: streamhead pocosin ecotones and openings (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore,
Nash*, Northampton*, Richmond, Scotland)
Limosella australis Awl-leaf Mudwort T S1 G4G5
T: tidal marshes (Currituck, Dare)
Lindera melissifolia Pondberry E E S1 G2G3
C: Carolina bays and seasonally wet depressions (Bladen*, Cumberland, Onslow,
Orange*, Sampson)
34
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush SR-T FSC S2S3 G2G3
SP: streamhead pocosins, white cedar swamps, seepage slopes (Anson*, Chatham,
Cumberland, Hoke, Johnston, Lee, Montgomery, Moore, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland,
Wake)
Linum floridanum var. chrysocarpum Yellow-fruited Flax T S1S2 G5?T3?
C: pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Linum sulcatum Glade Flax SC-H S1 G5
P: diabase barrens (Durham, Granville)
Liparis loeselii Fen Orchid E S1 G5
MT: seeps, bay swamps (Alleghany, Ashe*, Avery*, Dare, Jackson*, Rutherford*, Swain,
Transylvania, Watauga*)
Lipocarpha micrantha Small-flowered Hemicarpha SC-H SH G5
CT: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers, salt marshes (Columbus*, Dare*)
Lithospermum canescens Hoary Puccoon T S2 G5
P: diabase glades, open woods over diabase (Durham, Granville)
Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SC-V FSC S2S3 G3?
C: limesink ponds, other pools (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Gates,
Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow, Sampson, Wayne)
Lobelia boykinii Boykin’s Lobelia E FSC S2 G2G3
C: depression ponds and meadows and clay-based cypress savannas (Bladen*,
Cumberland, Hoke, Onslow, Robeson, Scotland)
Lonicera canadensis American Fly-honeysuckle SR-P S2 G5
M: bogs, moist woods (Alleghany, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon,
Mitchell*, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Lophiola aurea Golden-crest E S2 G4
C: very wet, mucky habitats in pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover,
Onslow)
Ludwigia alata Winged Seedbox SR-P S2 G3G5
TC: interdune ponds, marshes (Brunswick*, Camden, Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare,
Hyde, New Hanover*, Onslow*, Pasquotank, Tyrrell*)
Ludwigia brevipes Long Beach Seedbox SR-T FSC S1S2 G2G3
CS: natural lake shores, blackwater stream shores and impoundments, and freshwater
interdune ponds (Brunswick, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Currituck*, Dare*,
Gates*, Harnett*, Hyde*, Johnston*, Robeson*, Sampson*, Wayne*)
Ludwigia lanceolata Lanceleaf Seedbox E S1 G3
TC: interdune ponds, open wet areas (Brunswick*, Carteret, Dare*, New Hanover)
Ludwigia linifolia Flaxleaf Seedbox T S2 G4
CT: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow)
35
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Ludwigia ravenii Raven’s Seedbox T FSC S1 G1G2
C: savannas, swamps, marshes, wet open places (Brunswick*, Carteret, Chowan*,
Columbus, Craven, Duplin*, Gates*, New Hanover*, Pamlico*, Perquimans*, Sampson)
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Globe-fruit Seedbox E S1 G5
CS: bogs, pools, and lake shores (Bladen*, Columbus, Craven, Dare*, Hoke*, Johnston*,
Moore, New Hanover, Richmond, Washington, Wayne*)
Ludwigia suffruticosa Shrubby Seedbox T S2 G5
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays (Bladen*, Brunswick, New Hanover,
Onslow, Robeson, Scotland)
Lupinus villosus Lady Lupine SR-P S2 G5
C: sandhills and other dry sandy woods (Bladen, Brunswick*, Pender)
Luziola fluitans Southern Water Grass SR-P S2 G4G5
C: pools, lakes, streams (Bladen, Columbus, Dare, Moore, Pender, Richmond, Scotland,
Tyrrell, Washington)
Lycopodiella inundata Bog Clubmoss SR-P S1 G5
M: bogs and seeps (Avery, Haywood, Watauga)
Southern Bog Water-horehound
Lycopus angustifolius SR-P S1 G4?Q
C: bogs and marshes (Bladen, Columbus, Richmond)
Lysimachia asperulifolia Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E S3 G3
CS: pocosin/savanna ecotones, pocosins (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret,
Columbus*, Craven, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico,
Pender, Richmond, Scotland)
Lysimachia fraseri Fraser’s Loosestrife E FSC S3 G3
M: wet forest borders, roadsides, alluvial meadows (Buncombe*, Haywood*, Henderson*,
Jackson, Macon, Polk, Swain, Transylvania)
Lysimachia hybrida Lowland Loosestrife SR-P S2? G5
MPC: bottomlands (Pender)
Lysimachia tonsa Southern Loosestrife SR-P S2 G4
P: upland forests and openings (Alexander, Burke, Caswell, Madison, Orange*,
Rockingham, Rutherford, Stokes, Surry, Swain, Vance)
Lythrum lanceolatum Southern Winged-loosestrife SR-T S1 G5
C: marshes and low, wet places
Macbridea caroliniana Carolina Bogmint E FSC S2 G2G3
C: blackwater swamps, savanna/pocosin ecotones, ditches (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus,
Harnett, Johnston, Jones*, Pender, Robeson, Sampson)
Magnolia macrophylla Bigleaf Magnolia T S2 G5
P: rich deciduous forests (Gaston, Henderson, Iredell, Wake)
36
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Malaxis bayardii Appalachian Adder’s-mouth SR-T S1 G1G2
MP: upland forests (Caldwell*, McDowell)
Malaxis spicata Florida Adder’s-mouth SC-V S1 G4?
CT: maritime swamp forests, calcareous but mucky outer coastal plain swamps
(Brunswick, Carteret, Chowan, Craven, Dare, Jones, Pender*)
Large-flowered Barbara’s-buttons
Marshallia grandiflora SC-H FSC SH G2
MP: bogs, dry basic soils (Henderson*, Polk*)
Marshallia legrandii Oak Barrens Barbara’s-buttons SR-L FSC S1 G1
P: clayey upland soils over diabase (Granville)
Marshallia trinervia Broadleaf Barbara’s-buttons SC-H SH G3
M: moist rocky streambanks and in calcareous clays (Macon*)
Matelea decipiens Glade Milkvine SR-P S3 G5
PC: thin woodlands over mafic or calcareous rocks (Alamance, Alexander, Anson, Burke,
Davidson*, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Hertford*, McDowell, Mecklenburg,
Northampton, Orange, Richmond, Rutherford, Stanly, Wake)
Matelea obliqua Climbing Milkvine SR-P SH G4?
M: dry, rocky woodlands over calcareous rocks
Meehania cordata Meehania SR-P S2 G5
M: cove forests, boulderfields (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Haywood, Madison, Watauga,
Yancey)
Melica nitens Three-flowered Melic E S1 G5
M: open calcareous woods (Madison)
Menyanthes trifoliata Buckbean T S1 G5
M: bogs (Alleghany*, Watauga)
Micranthes caroliniana Carolina Saxifrage SR-T FSC S3 G3
MP: high to middle elevation moist cliffs and rock outcrops (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga)
Micranthes pensylvanica Swamp Saxifrage E S1 G5
MP: bogs, seeps (Wake, Watauga)
Micropolypodium nimbatum West Indian Dwarf Polypody T FSC S1 G4?
(=Grammitis nimbata) M: spray zone behind waterfalls (Macon)
Milium effusum Millet-grass SR-P S1 G5
M: high elevation forests or openings (Swain)
Minuartia godfreyi Godfrey’s Sandwort E FSC S1 G1
C: tidal freshwater marshes (Craven, Jones*)
Monarda media Purple Bee-balm SR-P S1? G4?
M: grassy balds (Avery, Jackson)
37
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Mononeuria groenlandica Greenland Sandwort T S2 G5
MP: high elevation and low elevation rocky summits (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke,
Caldwell, Henderson, McDowell, Mitchell, Stokes, Surry)
Mononeuria uniflora Single-flowered Sandwort E S1 G4
P: granite flatrocks (Anson, Rowan*, Rutherford)
Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SC-V FSC S3 G3
PM: dry forests and bluffs (Alamance*, Alleghany*, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell,
Catawba, Chatham, Cherokee, Clay, Cleveland, Durham, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
McDowell, Orange, Person*, Polk*, Rutherford, Stokes, Swain*, Transylvania, Wake*)
Muhlenbergia glabriflora Clay-pan Muhly SR-P SH G4?
P: clay soils
Muhlenbergia glomerata Spiked Muhly SC-V S1 G5
M: olivine barrens, fens, mafic cliffs (Ashe, Avery, Clay)
Muhlenbergia sobolifera Rock Muhly SC-V SH G5
M: dripping cliffs and rocky slopes (McDowell*, Mitchell*, Transylvania*)
Muhlenbergia torreyana Pinebarren Smokegrass SC-V S2 G3
CS: cypress savannas (Brunswick, Cumberland, Hoke, Onslow, Pender, Richmond,
Robeson)
Myrica gale Sweet Gale E S1 G5
M: bogs (Henderson)
Myriophyllum laxum Loose Water-milfoil E FSC S2 G3
CS: limesink ponds, waters of natural lakes (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland,
Hoke, Onslow)
Myriophyllum pinnatum Cutleaf Water-milfoil SR-T S1 G5
CS: pools and ditches (Brunswick, Currituck*)
Myriophyllum tenellum Leafless Water-milfoil E S1 G5
C: waters of natural lakes (Bladen, Tyrrell, Washington)
Nabalus albus Northern Rattlesnake-root T S2? G5
M: hardwood forests (Haywood*, Henderson*, McDowell, Mitchell*, Rutherford,
Transylvania*)
Narthecium montanum Appalachian Yellow Asphodel SC-H SX GX
M: bogs (Henderson*)
Oenothera perennis Perennial Sundrops SC-V S2 G5
MPC: wet meadows and bogs (Ashe, Avery*, Burke, Cabarrus, Clay, Hertford*, Iredell*,
Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Transylvania, Tyrrell*, Watauga)
Oenothera riparia Riverbank Evening-primrose SR-L S2S3 G2G3
C: tidal marshes (Brunswick, New Hanover, Pender, Tyrrell)
38
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Oldenlandia boscii Bosc’s Bluet E S2 G5
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Hoke, Scotland*)
Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. setarius Shortleaf Basket Grass SR-P S1 G5T5
TC: maritime forests, bottomlands (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Onslow, Pender)
Orbexilum macrophyllum Bigleaf Scurfpea SC-H FSC SX GX
M: low mountain forests or outcrops? (Polk*)
Orbexilum onobrychis Lanceleaf Scurfpea SC-H SH G5
M: habitat in North Carolina not known (Haywood*)
Oreojuncus trifidus Highland Rush SR-D S1 G5
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe, Buncombe, Mitchell)
Sadie Price’s Yellow Wood
Sorrel
Oxalis priceae SR-D SH G3G5
P: Rich woodlands (Stanly*)
Oxypolis canbyi Canby’s Dropwort E E SX? G2
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Scotland)
Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny Spurge E S1 G4G5
P: cove forests (Polk)
Packera crawfordii Bog Ragwort SR-T S1 G2G3
CM: bogs, fens, and wet savannas (Onslow, Pender, Watauga, Yancey)
Packera millefolium Divided-leaf Ragwort T FSC S2 G2
M: granitic domes, other outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
McDowell, Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania)
Packera paupercula var. Prairie Ragwort T S1 G5TNR
appalachiana
M: mafic and calcareous glades, rock outcrops, and cliffs (Ashe, Clay, Madison)
Packera paupercula var. paupercula Balsam Ragwort SR-P S1? G5T5
PMC: fens, bogs, and diabase glades (Avery*, Burke, Caldwell*, McDowell, Nash*,
Rutherford, Transylvania*, Watauga*)
Packera schweinitziana Schweinitz’s Ragwort T S2 G5?
(=Senecio schweinitzianus) M: grassy balds (Avery, Buncombe, Mitchell, Watauga,
Yancey)
Panicum dichotomiflorum var. Puritan Panic Grass SR-P S1 G5T4
puritanorum
C: wet sands and peats of seasonally exposed pond and lake shores. (Onslow, Pender)
Panicum flexile Wiry Panic Grass T S1 G5
PM: glades and openings over mafic rocks (Ashe*, Durham, Granville, Henderson,
Orange*)
39
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Panicum lithophilum Flatrock Panic Grass SR-T FSC S1 G2G3Q
MP: soil islands on granite flatrocks (Anson)
Parietaria praetermissa Large-seed Pellitory SC-V S1 G3G4
TC: shell middens, disturbed sites, maritime forests (Brunswick*, Carteret, Hyde, New
Hanover*, Onslow)
Parnassia caroliniana Carolina Grass-of-parnassus T FSC S2 G3
CS: wet savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee*,
Onslow, Pender, Scotland)
Large-leaved Grass-of-parnassus
Parnassia grandifolia T FSC S2 G3
MCP: fens and seeps over calcareous or mafic rocks (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*,
Brunswick, Buncombe*, Clay, Columbus, Haywood, Macon, McDowell, Pender,
Transylvania, Watauga)
Paronychia herniarioides Michaux’s Whitlow-wort E S1 G2G4
S: sandhills (Scotland)
Parthenium auriculatum Glade Wild Quinine SR-T S2 G3G4
PM: glades and openings over mafic rocks (Alexander, Burke, Caswell, Durham,
Franklin, Granville, Guilford*, Macon*, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Orange, Person,
Rockingham*, Rutherford, Stanly, Warren*)
Parthenocissus vitacea Woodbine SR-P S1 G5
M: Rich alluvial forests (Polk)
Paspalum dissectum Mudbank Crown Grass E S2 G4?
CTP: mudflats, other open wet areas (Brunswick, Columbus, Craven, Moore, Pender,
Scotland, Union)
Paspalum fluitans Horsetail Crown Grass SR-P S1 G5
CP: drawdown riverbanks and seepage areas in swamp forests (Bertie*, Bladen*,
Chatham*, Harnett, Johnston, Martin*, Northampton*, Wake)
Paspalum vaginatum Seashore Crown Grass SR-P S1S2 G5
CPT: brackish marshes, low wet places (Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Onslow)
Pedicularis lanceolata Swamp Lousewort T S1 G5
M: bottomlands, swampy woods (Buncombe*, Cherokee*, Clay, Haywood, Jackson*,
Macon*, Watauga*)
Pellaea wrightiana Wright’s Cliff-brake E S1 G5
P: rock outcrops, mafic or with nutrient-rich seepage (Alexander, Stanly)
Peltandra sagittifolia Spoonflower SR-P S2S3 G3G4
C: pocosins, other wet, peaty sites (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Craven*, Dare,
Jones*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Persicaria amphibia Water Smartweed SR-P S1 G5
MPC: marshes (Beaufort*)
40
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Persicaria hirsuta Hairy Smartweed E S1 G3G4
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, drawdown zones of blackwater riverbanks
(Brunswick, Carteret*, Onslow*, Richmond, Scotland)
Phacelia covillei Buttercup Phacelia SR-T FSC S3 G3
PC: bottomlands, rich lower slopes (Alamance, Caswell, Chatham, Franklin, Harnett, Lee,
Moore, Orange, Vance)
Phacelia maculata Spotted Phacelia E S1 G3G4
P: granite flatrocks and creek bottomlands (Cleveland)
Phanopyrum gymnocarpon Swamp Panic Grass SR-O S1 G5
C: tidal and blackwater cypress-gum swamps (Bladen, Martin, Pender)
Phegopteris connectilis Northern Beech Fern E S2 G5
M: spray zone of waterfalls, spruce-fir forests, high elevation seepage bogs (Buncombe,
Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swain*, Transylvania)
Phemeranthus piedmontanus Piedmont Fameflower SR-L S1 G1
P: shallow soil over mafic rock, where periodically wet by seepage (Granville)
Phlox subulata Moss Pink SR-P S1 G5
M: outcrops and glades, especially over mafic rocks (Ashe, Buncombe, Jackson*,
Madison, Yancey)
Pinguicula lutea Yellow Butterwort SR-P S2 G4G5
C: savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, Pender)
Pinguicula pumila Small Butterwort E S2 G4
C: savannas (Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Pityopsis graminifolia var. A Silkgrass E S1 G5T4
graminifolia
C: savannas, pine flatwoods, sandy roadsides (Brunswick, Columbus)
Plantago cordata Heart-leaf Plantain E S1 G4
P: beds of small, slate-bottomed, perennial streams (Davidson)
Plantago sparsiflora Pineland Plantain T FSC S1S2 G3
C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Platanthera flava var. herbiola Northern Rein Orchid SR-P S1? G4?T4Q
M: bogs and moist forests (Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee, Clay*, Forsyth*, Graham*,
Haywood, Jackson*, Macon, Mitchell, Swain*, Transylvania, Watauga)
Platanthera grandiflora Large Purple-fringed Orchid T S2 G5
M: bogs, seeps, grassy balds, high elevation moist forests and banks (Alleghany, Ashe,
Avery, Buncombe, Clay, Haywood*, Macon, McDowell, Swain, Transylvania*, Watauga,
Yancey)
Platanthera integra Yellow Fringeless Orchid SC-V S2 G3G4
CMP: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Cherokee*, Columbus, Craven, Forsyth*,
Henderson*, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender, Robeson*, Rowan*)
41
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Platanthera integrilabia White Fringeless Orchid SC-H C SH G2G3
M: bogs (Cherokee*, Henderson*)
Platanthera nivea Snowy Orchid T S1 G5
C: wet savannas (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus*, Craven, Dare*, Hoke*,
New Hanover, Pender, Robeson*)
Platanthera peramoena Purple Fringeless Orchid T S2 G5
MP: bogs, forests (Buncombe*, Burke*, Caldwell*, Clay*, Durham, Forsyth, Graham,
Guilford, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson*, Macon, Mitchell*, Orange, Swain*,
Transylvania, Warren, Watauga, Yancey*)
Shriver’s Purple Fringed
Orchid
Platanthera shriveri SR-T FSC SH G1
M: damp, open woods, often along seeps (Watauga*)
Poa paludigena Bog Bluegrass SR-T FSC S1 G3
M: bogs (Ashe, Avery, Watauga)
Poa palustris Swamp Bluegrass SR-P S1 G5
M: spruce-fir forests, grassy balds (Avery, Haywood*, Henderson*, Macon, Mitchell,
Polk*, Swain*, Yancey*)
Poa saltuensis A Bluegrass T S1 G5
M: olivine barrens (Clay, Haywood)
Polemonium reptans var. reptans Jacob’s Ladder T S1 G5T5
PM: moist, nutrient-rich forests such as bottomlands and rich slopes (Ashe, Rockingham,
Stokes*, Watauga*)
Polygala hookeri Hooker’s Milkwort SC-V S2S3 G3
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Craven, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Polygala nana Dwarf Milkwort SR-D SH G5
M: habitat in North Carolina not known
Polygala senega Seneca Snakeroot SR-D S2 G4G5
MP: woodlands and in thin soil around outcrops, usually over mafic or calcareous rocks
(Ashe, McDowell, Stanly, Transylvania, Wake)
Polygonella articulata Coast Jointweed SC-H SH G5
C: sandhills (Gates*)
Polygonum glaucum Seabeach Knotweed E S1 G3
T: ocean and sound beaches (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New
Hanover*)
Ponthieva racemosa Shadow-witch T S2 G4G5
C: blackwater forests and swamps, especially over marl (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret,
Craven, Jones, Onslow, Pender)
42
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Portulaca smallii Small’s Portulaca T S2 G3
P: granite flatrocks and diabase glades (Cabarrus, Forsyth, Franklin, Granville, Rowan,
Wake)
Potamogeton amplifolius Largeleaf Pondweed SR-D S1 G5
C: submersed in blackwater streams (Brunswick, Craven*)
Potamogeton confervoides Conferva Pondweed SR-D S2 G4
SC: beaverponds and old millponds on blackwater creeks (Cumberland, Gates+, Harnett,
Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland)
Potamogeton illinoensis Illinois Pondweed SR-D S1 G5
C: alkaline waters of streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds (Brunswick*, Dare)
Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed SR-D SH G5
M: lakes and artificial impoundments (Buncombe*)
Potamogeton nodosus American Pondweed SR-D SH G5
CMP: ponds and streams with moderate to high PH (Carteret*, Haywood*, Perquimans*,
Vance*)
Primula meadia Shooting-star T S2S3 G5
MP: mafic cliffs, dry coniferous woodlands, and associated nutrient-rich alluvial forests
(Anson, Buncombe, Davidson*, Forsyth*, Haywood, Henderson, Iredell*, Jackson,
Macon, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery, Orange*, Rutherford, Stanly, Union, Watauga*)
Prunus alleghaniensis var. Allegheny Plum SR-T S1 G4T4
alleghaniensis
M: Dry rocky woodlands (McDowell, Rutherford)
Prunus susquehanae Susquehanna Cherry SR-P SH G5T4
MP: rocky forests (Durham*)
Pseudognaphalium helleri Heller’s Rabbit-Tobacco SR-P S3 G3G4
PS: dry woodlands, openings, and glades, especially over mafic rocks (Anson*, Cabarrus,
Davidson, Davie*, Forsyth*, Franklin*, Granville, Guilford*, Halifax*, Hoke, Iredell*,
Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Northampton*, Orange*, Person*, Rowan*, Scotland*,
Union, Wake)
Pseudognaphalium micradenium Small Rabbit-Tobacco SR-T S1 G3?
P: dry woodlands (Caswell, Durham*, Granville*, Person, Stokes*, Vance)
Pteroglossaspis ecristata Spiked Medusa E FSC S1 G2G3
C: pinelands (Bladen*, Cumberland*, Hoke, New Hanover, Robeson*)
Ptilimnium ahlesii Carolina Bishop-weed SR-T FSC S1 G1
C: tidal freshwater marshes (Brunswick, New Hanover)
Ptilimnium costatum Ribbed Bishop-weed T S1 GNR
CT: tidal swamps or marshes (New Hanover)
Ptilimnium nodosum Harperella E E S1 G2
P: rocky riverbeds (Chatham, Granville, Lee)
43
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Pycnanthemum curvipes Tennessee Mountain-mint SR-T S1 G3
M: dry rocky woodlands and rock outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood, Madison)
Pycnanthemum setosum Awned Mountain-mint SR-T S2 G4
C: blackwater swamps (Brunswick, Columbus, Craven, Jones, Pender, Tyrrell)
Pycnanthemum torreyi Torrey’s Mountain-mint SR-T FSC S1 G2
PM: dry upland forests and woodlands, over mafic rocks (Alexander*, Ashe*, Caswell,
Cleveland*, Gaston*, Granville*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Orange, Person*,
Wilkes*)
Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia Mountain-mint SR-P S1? G5
CMP: forests, woodland borders, bogs (Alleghany, Brunswick, Caswell, Henderson,
Wake)
Pyrola elliptica Elliptic Shinleaf E S1 G5
M: moist forests (Ashe, Watauga*)
Pyxidanthera brevifolia Sandhills Pyxie-moss SR-L FSC S3 G3
S: sandhills (Brunswick*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore)
Quercus austrina Bluff Oak SR-P S1 G4?
CP: bluff and bottomland forests over circumneutral soil (Anson, Craven, Johnston*,
Jones, Montgomery, Richmond, Sampson)
Quercus elliottii Running Oak SR-P S2 G3G5
CP: mesic pine flatwoods and dry, silty sites (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Duplin*,
New Hanover*, Pender*, Robeson)
Quercus georgiana Georgia Oak SR-P S1 G3
P: dry slopes and bluffs (Rutherford)
Quercus ilicifolia Bear Oak E S2 G5
P: dry summits and rocky woods on Piedmont monadnocks (Alleghany, Burke, Gaston,
Stokes, Surry)
Quercus minima Dwarf Live Oak SR-P S1 G5
C: pine flatwoods, coastal fringe sandhills (Bladen, Carteret, New Hanover)
Quercus prinoides Dwarf Chinquapin Oak E S1 G5
PM: dry, rocky slopes (Caldwell, Cleveland*, Gaston*, Guilford*, Iredell*, Jackson*,
Polk*, Rowan, Rutherford, Stanly*)
Ranunculus ambigens Water-plantain Spearwort SC-H SH G4
CP: open wet areas (Bertie*, Orange*, Perquimans*)
Ranunculus fascicularis Thick-root Buttercup SR-P S1 G5
MP: serpentine and diabase barrens
Ranunculus flabellaris Yellow Water-crowfoot SC-H S1 G5
C: pools in blackwater swamps (Bertie, Edgecombe*, Gates*)
Ranunculus hederaceus Ivy Buttercup E SH G5
C: marshes (Currituck*)
44
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Ranunculus micranthus Rock Buttercup SR-P S1 G5
P: rich woods on circumneutral soil (Caswell, Durham*, Person*)
Rhexia aristosa Awned Meadow-beauty SC-V FSC S3 G3G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays and limesink ponds (Bladen, Brunswick*, Cumberland*,
Hoke, Onslow, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland)
Rhodiola rosea Roseroot E SH G5
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe*, Avery*, Caldwell*, Mitchell*, Watauga*,
Yancey*)
Rhododendron cumberlandense Cumberland Azalea SR-P S1 G4?
M: grassy or shrub balds (Graham*, Jackson, Macon, Swain, Transylvania)
Rhododendron prinophyllum Election Pink T S1 G5
M: high elevation forests (Ashe)
Rhododendron vaseyi Pink-shell Azalea SR-L S3 G3
M: high elevation oak forests, heath balds, spruce-fir forests, and rocky areas (Avery,
Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell*, Transylvania,
Watauga, Yancey)
Rhus michauxii Michaux’s Sumac E E S2 G2G3
SCP: sandhills, sandy forests, woodland, woodland edges (Cumberland, Davie, Durham,
Franklin, Hoke, Johnston*, Lincoln*, Mecklenburg, Moore, Nash, Orange*, Richmond,
Robeson, Scotland, Union*, Wake, Wilson*)
Rhynchospora alba Northern White Beaksedge SR-P S2 G5
MCS: fens, bogs, pocosin openings, limesink ponds (Alleghany, Ashe, Bladen,
Brunswick, Craven, Cumberland*, Dare, Mitchell, Pender*, Rutherford, Tyrrell, Watauga)
Rhynchospora crinipes Alabama Beaksedge T FSC S1 G2
S: seepy banks of blackwater rivers (Hoke, Moore)
Rhynchospora decurrens Swamp Forest Beaksedge T FSC S1S2 G3G4
C: swamp forests (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow)
Rhynchospora divergens White-seeded Beaksedge SR-P S2 G4
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender)
Rhynchospora galeana Short-bristled Beaksedge SR-P S2S3 G3G4
C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Onslow, Pender)
Rhynchospora harperi Harper’s Beaksedge SC-V S2 G4?
C: limesink ponds and cypress savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow)
Rhynchospora macra Southern White Beaksedge T S2 G3
S: sandhill seeps, blackwater impoundments, streamhead pocosins (Carteret, Cumberland,
Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland)
Rhynchospora microcarpa Southern Beaksedge SR-P S2 G5
CTP: maritime wet grasslands, clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds, swamp forests
(Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Dare)
45
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Rhynchospora odorata Fragrant Beaksedge SC-V S1 G4
T: maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick*, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Pender*)
Rhynchospora pinetorum Small’s Beaksedge SR-T S2 G5?T3?
C: wet savannas, maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Onslow,
Pender)
Rhynchospora pleiantha Coastal Beaksedge T FSC S2 G2G3
C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow)
Rhynchospora thornei Thorne’s Beaksedge SC-V FSC S2 G3
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Onslow, Pender)
Rhynchospora tracyi Tracy’s Beaksedge T S2 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds (Brunswick, New Hanover, Onslow,
Scotland)
Robinia hartwigii Hartweg’s Locust SR-L S2 G2
M: high elevation granitic domes (Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*)
Robinia hispida var. fertilis Fruitful Locust SR-O S1 G4T1Q
M: acidic cove forests, northern hardwoods forests, high elevation granitic domes
(Alleghany, Avery, Burke*, Graham*, Jackson, Macon*, McDowell*, Stokes, Swain,
Wilkes)
Robinia hispida var. kelseyi Kelsey’s Locust SR-O S1 G4T1
M: high elevation red oak forests, dry rocky woods (Buncombe*, Burke*, Haywood,
Henderson, Madison, Transylvania*)
Robinia viscosa Clammy Locust SR-T S1 G3
MP: open woods (Catawba*, Jackson*, Rutherford, Transylvania)
Rubus dalibarda Robin Runaway E S2 G5
M: bogs and moist woods under rhododendrons (Alleghany, Ashe, Transylvania)
Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus Red Raspberry T S2? G5T5
M: high elevation spruce-fir forests and openings (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Swain,
Yancey)
Rudbeckia heliopsidis Sun-facing Coneflower E FSC S1 G2
C: moist pine flatwoods and woodland borders (Harnett, Moore)
Rudbeckia triloba var. pinnatiloba Pinnate-lobed Black-eyed Susan SR-T S1 G5T3
M: mafic cliffs (Buncombe, Graham)
Ruellia ciliosa var. ciliosa Sandhills Wild-petunia T S2 G3G5
S: sandhills, especially in loamy, submesic swales (Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond,
Scotland)
Ruellia humilis Low Wild-petunia E S1 G5
P: diabase glades (Durham, Granville, Wake)
46
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Ruellia purshiana Pursh’s Wild-petunia SC-V S2 G3
PM: glades and woodlands, mostly over mafic or calcareous rocks (Alamance, Caswell,
Cleveland, Davidson, Durham, Forsyth*, Granville, Madison, Montgomery, Orange,
Randolph*, Rutherford*, Stanly, Wake*)
Ruellia strepens Limestone Wild-petunia E S1 G4G5
C: low woods over marl (Bertie, Pender, Richmond)
Rugelia nudicaulis Rugel’s Ragwort SR-L FSC S3 G3
(=Cacalia rugelia) M: spruce-fir forests (Haywood, Swain)
Sabal palmetto Cabbage Palm T S1 G5
TC: maritime forests on the southeastern coast (Brunswick, Carteret*)
Sabatia kennedyana Plymouth Gentian T S2 G3
C: drawdown zones on banks of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus)
Sageretia minutiflora Small-flowered Buckthorn T S1 G4
C: shell middens (Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Sagittaria chapmanii Chapman’s Arrowhead E S1 G5T3?
C: limesink ponds (Bladen, Carteret, Columbus, Onslow)
Sagittaria fasciculata Bunched Arrowhead E E S2 G2
M: bogs and mountain swamp forests (Buncombe*, Henderson)
Sagittaria filiformis Water Arrowhead SR-P SH G4G5
C: blackwater streams, rivers, and lakes (Bladen*, Columbus*, Craven*, Pender*,
Wilson*)
Sagittaria isoetiformis Quillwort Arrowhead T S2 G4?
CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, beaver ponds, natural lakes (Bladen,
Brunswick*, Columbus, Cumberland, Hoke, New Hanover, Sampson, Scotland)
Sagittaria macrocarpa Streamhead Sagittaria T S2 G2
S: shoreline of blackwater stream impoundment (Hoke, Moore)
Sagittaria weatherbiana Grassleaf Arrowhead E FSC S2 G3G4
C: fresh to slightly brackish marshes, streams, swamps, and pond margins (Beaufort*,
Bladen*, Brunswick*, Columbus, Craven, Currituck*, Duplin, Gates*, Hyde*, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pasquotank*, Pender, Pitt*, Sampson*, Wake*)
Salvia azurea Azure Sage SR-P S2 G4G5
SC: sandhills (Anson, Hoke, Montgomery, New Hanover*, Richmond, Scotland)
Sarracenia jonesii Mountain Sweet Pitcher Plant E E S1 G2Q
M: bogs (Buncombe, Henderson, Transylvania)
Sarracenia minor var. minor Hooded Pitcherplant E S2 G4T4
C: savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover)
Sarracenia oreophila Green Pitcher Plant E E S1 G2
M: seepage bogs (Clay)
47
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Southern Appalachian Purple
Pitcherplant
Sarracenia purpurea var. montana SR-L FSC S1S2 G5T1T3
M: mountain bogs, seepage bogs (Jackson, Henderson, Macon, Transylvania)
Sceptridium jenmanii Alabama Grape-fern SC-V S2 G3G4
MP: moist woods (Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee*, Clay*, Davie*, Granville, Iredell*,
Jackson*, McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Rockingham*, Rutherford, Stokes*, Transylvania*)
Sceptridium lunarioides Winter Grape-fern SR-P SH G4?
P: dry pine woods (Davie*)
Sceptridium multifidum Leathery Grape-fern SR-P S1 G5
M: grassy balds (Alleghany, Avery, Mitchell)
Sceptridium oneidense Blunt-lobed Grape-fern SR-P S2 G4
MP: cove forests, bogs (Avery*, Buncombe*, Burke, Forsyth*, Haywood*, Jackson,
Macon, McDowell, Mitchell*, Yancey*)
Schisandra glabra Magnolia Vine T S1 G3
CP: rich slopes and floodplain islands (Gaston, Martin)
Schoenoplectus acutus Hardstem Bulrush SR-P SH G5
C: natural lakes (Carteret*, Craven*, Hyde*)
Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Canby’s Bulrush SR-P S3 G3G4
CS: blackwater creeks (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland,
Dare*, Harnett, Hoke, Hyde*, Johnston*, Moore, Onslow, Pender*, Randolph*,
Richmond, Scotland, Wayne*)
Schwalbea americana Chaffseed E E S2 G2G3
SC: savannas and moist to dryish pinelands with frequent fire (Bladen, Cumberland,
Hoke, Moore*, Pender*, Scotland)
Scirpus divaricatus Spreading Bulrush SR-O S2? G5
C: swamp forests (Bladen, Duplin)
Scirpus flaccidifolius Reclining Bulrush E FSC S1 G2
C: swamp forests (Northampton)
Scirpus lineatus Drooping Bulrush T S2 G4
C: low rich woods over marl (Brunswick, Craven, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Scirpus pendulus Rufous Bulrush SR-O S1 G5
PC: wet places over mafic rocks (Cabarrus, Carteret, Durham*, Granville, Onslow)
Scleria baldwinii Baldwin’s Nutrush T S2 G4
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Pender)
Scleria reticularis Netted Nutrush T S2 G4
CS: clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds (Brunswick, Cumberland, Hoke, New
Hanover, Onslow, Sampson, Scotland)
48
C: pine savannas over limestone
Scleria verticillata
(Granville* Onslow, Pender)
Savanna Nutrush
SR-P
S2 G5
TC: calcareous wet savannas, maritime wet grasslands influenced by shell deposits
(Brunswick*, Carteret, Columbus, Dare, Hyde, Onslow, Pender, Tyrrell)
Sclerolepis uniflora One-flower Hardscale SR-T S2 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays, blackwater river foodplains, limesink ponds (Bladen,
Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover*, Robeson, Sampson*,
Scotland)
Scrophularia lanceolata American Figwort SR-P S1 G5
P: mesic forests (Guilford)
Scutellaria australis Southern Skullcap E S1 G4?Q
PS: alluvial forests (Anson*, Chatham*, Granville, Johnston*, Lee*, Orange*,
Richmond*, Wake*)
Scutellaria galericulata Hooded Skullcap SC-H SH G5
M: spring-fed seepage (Buncombe*)
Scutellaria leonardii Shale-barren Skullcap E S2 G4Q
P: diabase glades (Durham, Granville, Moore, Orange)
Scutellaria nervosa Veined Skullcap E S1 G5
P: alluvial forests (Chatham*, Durham*, Granville, Halifax, Jackson*, Northampton,
Wake, Warren*)
Scutellaria ovata ssp. rugosa var. 1 Appalachian Skullcap SR-T S1 G5T1?Q
M: rocky forests, boulderfields (Buncombe, Madison, Rutherford)
Scutellaria saxatilis Rock Skullcap SR-T S1 G3
MP: northern hardwoods forests, rocky woodlands (Alleghany, Ashe, Cherokee, Graham,
Mitchell, Watauga*, Yancey)
Sedum glaucophyllum Cliff Stonecrop SR-P S2 G4
PM: rock outcrops, mainly calcareous or mafic (Jackson, Macon, Montgomery,
Rockingham, Stokes)
Sedum pusillum
P: granite flatrocks (Anson)
Puck’s Orpine E S1 G3
Senecio suaveolens Sweet Indian-plantain SC-H S1 G4
M: bottomlands (Buncombe*, Henderson, Transylvania*)
Sesuvium maritimum Slender Sea-purslane SR-O S1? G5
T: seabeaches, marshes (Brunswick, Dare, New Hanover)
Sesuvium portulacastrum Shoreline Sea-purslane SR-P S1 G5
T: seabeaches (Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow)
Seymeria pectinata Sticky Afzelia SC-H SH G4G5
C: disturbed habitats (Brunswick*, Columbus*)
Shortia galacifolia var. brevistyla Northern Oconee Bells E FSC S2 G2G3T2
M: streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in humid gorges (McDowell)
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Scleria sp. 1 Smooth-seeded Hairy Nutrush SR-L FSC S1 G2G3
49
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Shortia galacifolia var. galacifolia Southern Oconee Bells SC-V FSC S2 G2G3T2T
M: streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in humid gorges (Jackson*, Macon, Swain*,
Transylvania)
Sida elliottii var. elliottii Coastal Plain Sida SR-P S1 G4G5TNR
P: stream banks, sandy woodlands (Iredell)
Sideroxylon tenax Tough Bumelia T FSC S1 G3?
T: maritime forests and scrub (Brunswick, New Hanover)
Silene ovata Mountain Catchfly SC-V FSC S3 G3
M: rich slopes, cove forests, montane oak-hickory forests (Buncombe, Cherokee, Graham,
Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Rutherford*, Swain, Yancey)
Silphium connatum Virginia Cup-plant SC-V S2 G3G4Q
MP: floodplains, rich alluvial woods (Alleghany, Ashe, Iredell, Rockingham, Stokes,
Surry*, Yadkin)
Silphium perfoliatum Northern Cup-plant T S1 G5
PM: floodplains (Alleghany, Ashe, Cabarrus, Forsyth, Iredell*, Mecklenburg, Stokes,
Surry)
Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock SR-P S2 G4G5
P: diabase glades, other open or semi-open sites over mafic rock (Cabarrus, Davie,
Durham, Granville, Mecklenburg, Stanly, Union, Wake*)
Sisyrinchium dichotomum White Irisette E E S2 G2
M: thin woods, especially over amphibolite, in the escarpment region (Burke, Henderson,
Polk, Rutherford)
Smilax hugeri Huger’s Carrion-flower SR-P S2 G4
MP: deciduous forests (Anson, Clay, Cumberland, Graham, Macon, Montgomery,
Richmond, Swain)
Smilax lasioneura Blue Ridge Carrion-flower SR-P S1 G5
MP: oak-hickory forests over mafic rocks (Guilford*, Henderson, McDowell, Polk,
Rutherford)
Solanum pseudogracile Graceful Nightshade SR-T S1 GNR
T: dunes (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pamlico)
Solidago leavenworthii Leavenworth’s Goldenrod T S1 G3G4
C: savannas, pocosin borders, clay-based Carolina bays, peaty seeps (Carteret*,
Columbus, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland*)
Solidago plumosa Yadkin River Goldenrod T FSC S1 G1
P: riverside rocks (Montgomery, Stanly)
Solidago ptarmicoides Prairie Goldenrod E S1 G5
P: diabase glades (Granville, Rowan*)
Solidago radula Western Rough Goldenrod E S1 G5?
P: dry woodlands over mafic rocks (Montgomery, Stanly, Wake*)
50
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Solidago rigida var. glabrata Southeastern Bold Goldenrod SR-P S2 G5T4
P: diabase glades, other open sites over mafic rock (Cabarrus, Durham, Granville,
Mecklenburg*, Person, Rockingham, Union)
Solidago rigida var. rigida Prairie Bold Goldenrod T S1 G5T5
M: forest openings, presumably on mafic or calcareous rocks (Haywood*, Macon,
Madison*, McDowell)
Solidago simulans Granite Dome Goldenrod SR-L FSC S2 G2
M: high and low elevation granitic domes south of the Asheville Basin (Buncombe,
Graham, Jackson, Macon, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania)
Solidago spithamaea Blue Ridge Goldenrod T T S2 G2
M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Mitchell)
Solidago squarrosa Squarrose Goldenrod SR-P SH G4?
M: moist forests at high elevations (Buncombe*)
Solidago tortifolia Twisted-leaf Goldenrod E S1 G4G5
CS: dry savannas and and mesic flats (Bladen, Brunswick*, Hoke, Jones*, New Hanover*,
Pender, Robeson*, Scotland*)
Solidago uliginosa Bog Goldenrod SR-P S1S2 G4G5
MSP: bogs, seeps (Ashe, Clay, Haywood, Macon, Madison*, Transylvania, Watauga,
Yancey)
Solidago ulmifolia Elm-leaf Goldenrod SR-D S1? G5
PM: wooded stream banks (Burke, Durham*, Jackson, McDowell, Rutherford)
Solidago verna Spring-flowering Goldenrod SR-O FSC S3 G3
CS: mesic to moist pinelands, pocosin ecotones (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus,
Craven, Cumberland, Duplin, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston, Jones, Moore, New Hanover,
Onslow, Pamlico, Pender, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland)
Solidago villosicarpa Coastal Goldenrod E FSC S1 G1
C: edges and openings in maritime upland forests (Brunswick, Craven, Dare, New
Hanover*, Onslow, Pender)
Sparganium emersum Greenfruit Bur-reed T S1 G5
M: pondshores (Avery, Macon, Watauga)
Spartina pectinata Freshwater Cordgrass SC-V S1 G5
MCS: freshwater marshes, spray zones of waterfalls, other moist sites (Alleghany, Ashe,
Chowan*, Mitchell*, Montgomery*, Pasquotank, Transylvania)
Spigelia marilandica Pink-root T S1 G4
M: open woods (Cherokee)
Spiraea corymbosa Shinyleaf Meadowsweet E S1 G5T4?
P: open woods, thin soil over rock (Alexander, Alleghany, Catawba, Stokes)
Spiraea virginiana Virginia Spiraea T T S2 G2
M: riverbanks (Ashe, Buncombe, Graham, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania,
Yancey)
51
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Spiranthes eatonii Eaton’s Ladies’-tresses E S2 G2G4
CS: pine savannas and pine-oak sandhills (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret,
Craven, Cumberland*, Moore, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender)
Spiranthes floridana Florida Ladies’-tresses SR-P S1 G1
C: moist sites (Brunswick+, Pender*)
Northern Slender Ladies’-
tresses
Spiranthes lacera var. lacera E S1 G5T5
M: mountain balds (Clay*, Jackson)
Spiranthes laciniata Lace-lip Ladies’-tresses SC-V S2 G4G5
C: moist wet habitats (Beaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover,
Onslow)
Spiranthes longilabris Giant Spiral Orchid E S1 G3
C: savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow, Pender)
Spiranthes lucida Shining Ladies’-tresses E S1 G5
M: seepage over amphibolite (Alleghany)
Spiranthes ochroleuca Yellow Ladies’-tresses T S1 G4
M: grassy balds, meadows, wooded slopes (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Haywood*,
Rutherford, Watauga, Yancey*)
Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie Dropseed T S1 G5
M: olivine barrens (Clay, Jackson)
Sporobolus teretifolius Wireleaf Dropseed T FSC S2 G2
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus)
Sporobolus virginicus Saltmarsh Dropseed T S1 G5
T: brackish marshes (Brunswick)
Stachys cordata Heartleaf Hedge-nettle SR-P S1 G5?
M: rich forests, especially over calcareous rock (Madison)
Stachys eplingii Epling’s Hedge-nettle SR-T S1 G5
M: bogs (Burke*, Henderson, Jackson*)
Stachys matthewsii Yadkin Hedge-nettle SR-T S1 G1G2
P: sandy edges of forested floodplains (Montgomery)
Stachys tenuifolia Smooth Hedge-nettle SR-D S1 G5
C: swamp forests, edges of bottomlands (Bertie, Martin, Northampton)
Stenanthium gramineum var. Bog Featherbells T S1 G4G5T3T
robustum
M: bogs and wet meadows (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery)
Stenanthium leimanthoides Pinebarren Death-camas T S1 G4Q
M: high elevation rocky summits, thin soil at high elevations (Ashe*, Avery, Burke,
Yancey)
52
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Stewartia ovata Mountain Camellia SR-P S2 G4
MP: bluffs and forests, usually with rhododendrons (Catawba, Cherokee, Clay, Graham,
Granville, Macon, Madison*, Montgomery, Rutherford, Stokes, Swain, Transylvania,
Wilkes)
Streptopus amplexifolius White Mandarin SC-V S1 G5
M: spruce-fir forests, northern hardwoods forests (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson,
Mitchell, Swain*, Yancey)
Stylisma aquatica Water Dawnflower E S2 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays, pineland pools (Brunswick, Moore, Robeson, Scotland)
Stylisma pickeringii var. pickeringii Pickering’s Dawnflower SC-V FSC S3 G4T3
SC: sandhills (Bladen, Carteret, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover,
Richmond, Sampson, Scotland)
Symphyotrichum depauperatum Serpentine Aster E S1 G2
P: diabase glades (Granville)
Symphyotrichum georgianum Georgia Aster T C S3 G3
P: open woods, roadsides, and other rights-of-way (Davidson, Gaston, Lincoln,
Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Randolph, Rowan, Stanly, Union)
Symphyotrichum laeve var. Narrow-leaf Aster T S2 G5T4
concinnum
P: forests, woodland borders especially over mafic rocks (Alamance*, Alexander*,
Caswell, Davie*, Durham, Granville, Iredell*, Orange*, Rutherford, Stanly, Union,
Wake*)
Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve Smooth Blue Aster SR-P SH G5T5
P: forests, woodland borders especially over mafic rocks (Gaston*, Graham, Henderson*,
Orange*, Polk*, Rutherford*)
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium Aromatic Aster T S1 G5
M: thin soils around limestone outcrops (Madison)
Symphyotrichum rhiannon Buck Creek Aster T FSC S1 G1
M: serpentine pine barrens (Clay)
Symphyotrichum shortii Short’s Aster SR-P S2 G5
M: bluffs and rocky banks (Cherokee, Transylvania*)
Synandra hispidula Synandra E S1 G4
M: rich cove forests (Jackson*, Swain)
Taxus canadensis Canada Yew T S1 G5
M: bogs, swamp forests under spruce (Ashe, Watauga)
Thalictrum cooleyi Cooley’s Meadowrue E E S2 G2
C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
53
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Thalictrum macrostylum Small-leaved Meadowrue SR-T FSC S2 G3G4
CSPM: bogs and wet woods (Alleghany, Cherokee, Clay, Cumberland, Graham,
Henderson, Hertford, Hyde*, Jones, McDowell, Moore, Nash, New Hanover, Pender,
Richmond, Transylvania)
Thaspium pinnatifidum Mountain Thaspium T FSC S1 G2G3
M: calcareous slopes (Clay*, Graham*, Jackson*, Macon*, Madison, Swain*,
Transylvania*)
Thelypteris simulata Bog Fern E S1 G4G5
M: bogs (Alleghany, Avery)
Thermopsis fraxinifolia Ash-leaved Golden-banner SC-V S2? G3?
MP: dry ridges (Buncombe, Burke, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Polk, Stokes,
Surry, Transylvania, Yancey)
Thermopsis mollis Appalachian Golden-banner SC-V S2 G3G4
PM: dry ridges and open woodlands (Buncombe*, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Chatham*,
Cleveland, Columbus*, Durham*, Forsyth*, Franklin*, Gaston, Granville, Guilford*,
Henderson, Iredell*, Lincoln, McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Orange, Polk, Rutherford,
Stokes, Surry, Vance*, Wake, Warren)
Tomostima reptans Creeping Draba SR-P SH G5
P: dry soil (Lincoln*)
Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida Pale Mannagrass SR-P S1 G5
CM: blackwater pools, old millponds, and small stream swamps (Avery*, Columbus*,
Currituck, Duplin*, Gates, Harnett)
Tradescantia virginiana Virginia Spiderwort T S1 G5
P: rich woods on circumneutral soils (Ashe, Burke, Caswell, Harnett, McDowell,
Montgomery*, Moore, Randolph, Rockingham, Rutherford, Stanly, Surry, Wake)
Triantha glutinosa Sticky Bog Asphodel SC-V S1 G5
MP: bogs, seepages (Ashe, Caldwell*, Haywood, Henderson*, Jackson, Transylvania)
Trichophorum caespitosum ssp. Deerhair Bulrush SR-D S2S3 G5
caespitosum
M: high elevation rocky summits, moist cliffs (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke,
Caldwell*, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Rutherford, Transylvania,
Watauga, Yancey)
Trichostema brachiatum Glade Bluecurls E S1 G5
PM: diabase glades, other dry calcareous or mafic outcrops (Buncombe, Granville,
Madison, Orange*, Rockingham, Yancey*)
Trichostema setaceum Narrowleaf Bluecurls SR-T S2 G5
SPC: dry woodlands, granite flatrocks (Alexander, Bladen, Burke, Cleveland, Hoke,
McDowell, Moore, Richmond, Robeson, Rutherford)
54
Status
U.S.
Rank
Scientific Name Common Name N.C. N.C. Global
Region: Habitat Comments (Counties of Occurrence)
Trichostema sp. 1 Dune Bluecurls SR-L FSC S2 G2
T: dunes, openings in maritime forest and scrub (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New
Hanover)
Tridens ambiguus Pineland Triodia E S1 G4
C: clay-based Carolina bays (Scotland)
Tridens chapmanii Chapman’s Redtop T S1S2 G3
CP: dry pine and oak woods, sandy roadsides (Bladen, Carteret*, Craven, Dare, Durham*,
Hoke, Jones, Martin*, Montgomery, Moore, Orange*, Pender, Richmond, Scotland*)
Tridens strictus Spike Triodia SC-H SH G5
C: pine flatwoods (Duplin*, Hoke*, Pender*, Robeson*)
Trientalis borealis Starflower E S1 G5
M: coves, northern hardwood forest (Buncombe*, Cherokee, Graham, Haywood)
Trifolium carolinianum Carolina Clover SC-H SH G5
C: savannas, sandy open areas (Duplin*, New Hanover*, Onslow*)
Trifolium reflexum Buffalo Clover T S1S2 G3G4
PMSC: open woods and clearings (Buncombe*, Caswell, Chatham*, Durham*, Granville,
Halifax*, Harnett, Iredell, Montgomery, Moore, Randolph*, Wake, Yadkin)
Trillium discolor Mottled Trillium T S1 G4
M: rich coves in the Savannah River drainage (Jackson, Transylvania)
Trillium flexipes Bent White Trillium SC-H S1 G5
M: rich coves (Henderson, Swain*)
Trillium pusillum var. ozarkanum Alabama Least Trillium E FSC S1 G3T3
M: rich cove forests (Clay, Haywood*)
Trillium pusillum var. pusillum Carolina Least Trillium E FSC S2 G3T2
CP: ecotones between savannas and nonriverine wet hardwood forests, over marl
(Onslow, Pender)
Trillium pusillum var. virginianum Virginia Least Trillium E FSC S1 G3T2
C: mesic to swampy hardwood forests (Camden, Currituck, Gates, Halifax, Johnston,
Nash, Wake)
Trillium recurvatum Prairie Trillium SR-P S1 G5
M: rich coves (Catawba)
Trillium se