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BIENNIAL REPORT
OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY
July 1, 2000- June 30, 2002
TOP LEFT: New titles issued by the Historical Publications Section during the biennium included Guide to
North Carolina Highway Historical Markers, ninth edition ( 2001), edited by Michael Hill, Research
Branch supervisor. The cover shows the Thomas Wolfe Memorial State Historic Site. BOTTOM LEFT:
This exhibit from the shipwreck believed to be the Queen Anne’s Revenge, Blackbeard’s flagship, is
located at the North Carolina Maritime Museum at Beaufort. The display includes cannonballs,
navigation instruments, pewter plates, and gold flakes. TOP RIGHT: The restored Southern Railway diesel
locomotive No. 6133, built in 1950 by General Motors, still handles on- site passenger trains from time to
time at the North Carolina Transportation Museum. Here the locomotive pulls a string of cabooses at the
museum. CENTER RIGHT: This photograph of John F. Kennedy in the Oval Office was one of sixty- one
artworks comprising Portraits of the Presidents from the National Portrait Gallery. The traveling
exhibition appeared at the North Carolina Museum of History from June 21 through September 14, 2002.
BOTTOM RIGHT: Judges from the staff of the Office of Archives and History examine exhibits of senior
division students at North Carolina History Day.
FORTY- NINTH BIENNIAL REPORT
OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA
OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY
July 1, 2000
through
June 30, 2002
Raleigh
Office of Archives and History
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
2003
© 2003 by the North Carolina Office of Archives and History
All rights reserved
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES
LISBETH C. EVANS
Secretary
OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY
JEFFREY J. CROW
Deputy Secretary
DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES
DAVID J. OLSON
Director
DIVISION OF STATE HISTORIC SITES
KAY P. WILLIAMS
Director
DIVISION OF STATE HISTORY MUSEUMS
ELIZABETH F. BUFORD
Director
NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL COMMISSION
JERRY C. CASHION ( 2007)
Chairman
ALAN D. WATSON ( 2003)
Vice Chairman
EMERITI: N. J. Crawford, H. G. Jones, William S. Powell
Millie M. Barbee ( 2003) B. Perry Morrison Jr. ( 2005) Freddie L. Parker ( 2007)
Paul D. Escott ( 2007) Janet N. Norton ( 2005) Margaret Supplee Smith ( 2007)
Mary Hayes Holmes ( 2005) Gail W. O’Brien ( 2005) Max R. Williams ( 2003)
CONTENTS
Deputy Secretary’s Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Division ofHistorical Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Archives and Records Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Historical Publications Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Office of StateArchaeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
StateHistoric PreservationOffice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
WesternOffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Division of StateHistoric Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Capitol Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
North Carolina TransportationMuseum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
NortheasternHistoric Sites Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
PiedmontHistoric Sites Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Roanoke Island Festival Park · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 51
SoutheasternHistoric Sites Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
WesternHistoric Sites Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Division of StateHistoryMuseums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
North CarolinaMuseumofHistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Mountain Gateway Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Museumof theAlbemarle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Museumof the Cape FearHistorical Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
North Carolina Maritime Museum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Appendixes
ADMINISTRATION
1. TheNorth CarolinaHistorical Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2. Appropriations and Expenditures, July 1, 2000- June 30, 2002 . . . 88
3. Appropriations and Expenditures, 1952- 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4. Roster of Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5. Publications of StaffMembers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6. Complete List of Publications Issued by the
Office ofArchives andHistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES
7. NewHighwayHistoricalMarkersApproved. . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
8. Accessions by theArchives and Records Section . . . . . . . . . . 126
9. UnderwaterArchaeology Permits Issued. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
10. Historic Preservation FundGrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
11. Certified Local Governments in North Carolina
as of June 30, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
12. Technical Preservation Services Rendered · · · · · · · · · · · · · 220
13. Historic Preservation Tax Credit Projects Reviewed. . . . . . . . 224
14. North Carolina Properties Listed on the National Register 260
15. Survey and Planning Branch Activity by County 267
DIVISION OF STATE HISTORIC SITES
16. Accessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
17. Attendance at StateHistoric Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
18. Special Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
19. Contributions of Time and Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
20. USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial Revenue . . . . . . . . 281
21. Planning and Construction Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
22. Unpublished Archaeological, Historical, and Technical Reports . 282
23. Roanoke Island Commission Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
24. Tryon Palace CommissionMembers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
25. USS North Carolina Battleship Commission Members . . . . . . 286
DIVISION OF STATE HISTORY MUSEUMS
26. Accessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
27. Public Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
28. Exhibits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
29. Consultations and TechnicalAssistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Biennial Report
Office of Archives and History
July 1, 2000- June 30, 2002
Administrative Organization
Office of Archives and History
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
June 30, 2002
Deputy Secretary
Archives and History
Jeffrey J. Crow
Director
David J. Olson
Director
Kay P. Williams
Director
Elizabeth F. Buford
Division of
Historical Resources
Administration
Federation of N. C. Historical
Societies
Research Branch
Archives and Records Section
Historical Publications Section
Office of State Archaeology
State Historic Preservation
Office
Western Office
Division of
State History Museums
N. C. Museum of History
( Raleigh)
Mountain Gateway Museum
Museum of the Albemarle
Museum of the Cape Fear
N. C. MaritimeMuseum
( Beaufort)
Roanoke Island
Southport
Division of
State Historic Sites
Capitol Section
North Carolina Transportation
Museum
Northeastern Historic Sites
Section
Piedmont Historic Sites
Section
Roanoke Island Festival Park
Southeastern Historic Sites
Section
USS North Carolina
Western Historic Sites Section
BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE
OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY
July 1, 2000- June 30, 2002
Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary
During the 2000- 2002 biennium, the venerable Division of Archives and History
underwent more thoroughgoing and fundamental change than at any time since the
reorganization of state government in 1971. At that time the independent Department of
Archives and History became a division within the Department of Art, Culture, and
History ( subsequently Cultural Resources). In 2001 an internal reorganization of
Archives and History realigned programs along more functional chains of command.
That internal change occurred under the lengthening shadow of a budget crisis in state
government that threatened to approach the depths of the Great Depression.
Shortly after being appointed secretary of the Department of Cultural Resources by
newly elected governorMichael F. Easley in 2001, Lisbeth C. Evans asked the director
of Archives and History to chart the reorganization of all historical resources within the
department. She had headed the transition team that studied the Department of Cultural
Resources. Secretary Evans envisioned an organization that reflected the three chief
missions of the department: history, arts, and libraries. Moreover, the secretary wanted
the head of the historical programs to be a deputy secretary. In truth, reorganization was
long overdue. During three decades of existence within the Department of Cultural
Resources, the Division of Archives and History had developed a number of awkward
reporting relationships. A fresh look was needed.
With the approval of the secretary, the director designed three new divisions. The
Division of Historical Resources retained the following sections: Archives and Records;
Historical Publications; Historic Preservation Office; and the Office of State Archaeology.
In addition, the Research Branch and Western Office continued to report to David J.
Olson, formerly deputy director of Archives and History, and now director of the new
Division of Historical Resources. The Division of State Historic Sites included the old
Historic Sites Section, plus Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens; the USS North
Carolina Battleship Memorial; and Roanoke Island Festival Park. The State Capitol and
Historic Stagville also were added to this division. Kay P. Williams, administrator of
Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens, assumed additional responsibilities as division
director. The Division of State HistoryMuseums remained the same except to absorb the
North CarolinaMaritimeMuseumand its branchmuseums. Elizabeth F. Buford, director
of the North CarolinaMuseum of History and former deputy secretary of the Department
of Cultural Resources, became the director of the new Division of State History
Museums.
Two other changes grew out of the reorganization. The Division of Archives and
History received a new title as the Office of Archives and History. Similarly, the
director of Archives and History became the deputy secretary of Archives and History.
All of the changes were approved by the Governor’s Office, the Joint Committee on
Governmental Operations in the General Assembly, and the North Carolina Historical
Commission. Working with the Attorney General’s Office, the new deputy secretary
prepared technical corrections to the statutes governing the re- titled Office of Archives
and History, principally G. S. 121, G. S. 143B- 62, and G. S. 160A. At the end of the
reporting period, those changes awaited approval by the General Assembly.
Early in 2001 it became clear that the revenues in state government were not
keeping pace with expenditures. An economic slowdown nationally as well as the loss
of thousands of manufacturing jobs within North Carolina created a budget crisis
unprecedented since the Great Depression. The governor imposed Draconian spending
restrictions. Essentially, state agencies were told not to travel, not to hire, and not to
purchase except in the most critical instances. In both years of the biennium, the effects
were dramatic. Scores of temporary employees who helped keep historic sites,
museums, and the StateArchives open onweekends were laid off. Hourswere reduced.
Vacant positions went unfilled. Funds for repairs and renovations were reverted.
Maintenance contractswere not renewed. Even before theGeneral Assemblymet in the
spring of 2002, state agencies were asked to identify budget cuts of between 7 and 11
percent. At the end of the reporting period, the final figure appeared to be 8 percent.
That necessitated the elimination of twenty- three vacant positions and a reduction in
force of four other employees.
Since 1991, Archives and History had reduced its operating budget every fiscal
year. When compounded with an 8 percent cut in a single year, the overall effect was
devastating. Particularly hard hit was the Historic Preservation Office. At a time of
increasing demands for mandated services such as environmental review, National
Register nominations, and rehabilitation tax credits, the Historic Preservation Office
lost the services of a historic preservationist in the Western Office in Asheville,
environmental review specialists, and the National Register survey coordinator. A
four- to- six- month backlog of National Register nominations accumulated. But the
Archives and Records Section, historic sites, and museums also suffered from the loss
of positions and operating expenses. Each program had to determine what core
missions and services it could continue to provide.
Despite such budgetary problems and obstacles, the staff of Archives and History
persevered. The reports that follow from the three new divisions provide ample
evidence of the commitment and dedication of the staff. Some of the highlights of the
biennium included the following.
In the area of commemorations with national implications, the Office of Archives
and History helped manage the selection of the design for the North Carolina quarter.
Under the auspices of the United States Mint, each state was asked to select a design
that best represents its history and culture. The coins are released in the order in which
the states joined the Union. In early 2001, Governor Easley and Secretary Evans
presided over the release of the North Carolina quarter, featuring a depiction of the
Wright brothers’ first flight at Kitty Hawk in 1903. On October 3, 2000, the Thomas
Wolfe Memorial hosted ceremonies commemorating the centennial of the Asheville
author’s birth. That same day the United States Postal Service released a new stamp
with Thomas Wolfe’s image.
Late in 2000 the Department of Public Instruction announced its intention to drop
the teaching of North Carolina history from the eighth- grade curriculum and substitute
a global studies approach. In response to the threat to ongoing programs of the Division
of Archives and History, and for the preservation of state history generally, the director
organized a “ Committee to Save North Carolina History in the Public Schools.”
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Deputy Secretary’s Report
Dr. W. Keats Sparrow, dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at East Carolina
University, agreed to chair the committee. The committee met with administrators in
theDepartment of Public Instruction, mounted a letter- writing campaign, and published
op- ed pieces in newspapers statewide. The campaign worked. In April 2001 the State
Board of Education voted to retain North Carolina history as a discrete subject in the
eighth- grade social studies curriculum, as it had been since the early 1940s.
Progress continued on the shipwreck of what is believed to be Queen Anne’s
Revenge, Blackbeard’s flagship. A $ 350,000 matching federal grant from the Save
America’s Treasures program helped conserve more than ten thousand artifacts
brought up from the underwater site in Beaufort Inlet. The Office of Archives and
History also reached an agreement with East Carolina University to move the
laboratory for the Queen Anne’s Revenge project to Greenville because of limited space
and resources in Beaufort and Morehead City.
Various parts of the program expanded the emphasis on African American history.
The Historical Publications Section published the second, revised edition of A History of
African Americans in North Carolina. Somerset Place State Historic Site held another
homecoming for the descendants of white and black residents of the antebellum
plantation. In addition, it began reconstruction of various parts of the slave quarters. The
Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum observed the centennial of the founding of Palmer
Memorial Institute. With grantmoney, Tryon PalaceHistoric Sites& Gardenswas able to
hire an African American history coordinator for two years.
Important strides at other historic sites and museums included a new exhibit at Fort
Fisher State Historic Site and the Portraits of the Presidents from the National Portrait
Gallery exhibit at the North Carolina Museum of History. The new exhibit at Fort
Fisher replaced the one first installed during the 1960s. The Smithsonian’s traveling
exhibition of presidential portraits toured the nation for the first time, visiting several
presidential libraries and museums. Neither exhibit would have been possible without
private fund- raising from support groups such as the Fort Fisher Restoration
Committee and the North Carolina Museum of History Associates.
In the area of technology, the Office of Archives andHistorymade impressive gains
in developing the depth and utility of its website on the Internet. Parts of the website are
available in Spanish. The State Archives also partnered with the State Library to
digitize important records series and to participate in the NC ECHO ( North Carolina
Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) project.
In many respects North Carolina remains a leader in the field of public history.
Programs in other states are suffering even worse reductions in this season of budgetary
crisis. North Carolinians are proud of their heritage. Heritage tourism has become a
shibboleth for finding a clean industry to replace lost jobs in manufacturing and
agriculture. North Carolinians are pleased to share their historywith each other and with
travelers from other states and nations. Yet heritage tourism is not the driving force that
impels the staff of Archives and History to work hard and to toil conscientiously. They
believe profoundly in the mission of the agency. The people of North Carolina are
fortunate to have such dedicated public servants.
3
Deputy Secretary’s Report
TOP: On September 28, 2001, the State Historic Preservation Office and the Office of State Archaeology
hosted the annual meeting of the Southeastern State Historic Preservation Officers ( SESHPO) and their
staffs in Statesville. Attendees pose in front of the historic city hall. BOTTOM LEFT: Officers of the
General Federation of Women’s Clubs of North Carolina unveil a new state highway historical marker in
conjunction with the organization’s centennial observance at Winston- Salem, April 25, 2002. Pictured
( left to right) are Juanita Bryant, Teresa Lee, Betty Tobert, and Michael Hill, supervisor of the Research
Branch, which administers the marker program. BOTTOM RIGHT: The Outer Banks History Center opened
its new gallery on September 25, 2001. The first exhibit chronicled the “ Pirates Jamboree,” held during
the late fifties and early sixties to boost tourism on the coast during the off season. Pictured are “ pirate
shenanigans” at the Nags Head Casino, ca. 1958.
DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES
David J. Olson, Director
ADMINISTRATION
The previous two years have seen some of the most major changes in the history of the
agency. Reorganization along with continuing budgetary difficulty have had significant
effects. However, through all of these changes our mission remains largely unchanged,
but the way we accomplish that mission is changing with the times.
The new division was formed in the fall of 2001 and consists of the Archives and
Records Section, the Federation of North Carolina Historical Societies and the Research
Branch ( under Administration), the Historical Publications Section, the Office of State
Archaeology, the State Historic Preservation Office, and the Western Office.
We will work very closely with our sister agencies ( Division of State History
Museums and Division of State Historic Sites) to continue the proud record of service
of the Office of Archives and History in North Carolina.
The agency has been working very hard, in spite of trying budgetary times, to
improve the way it delivers its services to its many patrons using the latest and best of
new technologies. Major initiatives are under way in Archives and Records to utilize
advanced tools and digitization technology to provide enhanced access to our
collections. These efforts follow up on a legislative study commission that examined
these matters early in the biennium and are proceeding well, based on a successful
partnership with the State Library of North Carolina.
Much work continues in our Office of State Archaeology on the presumed Queen
Anne’s Revenge. The good news is that largely through the efforts of Secretary Libba
Evans, the project is the recipient of a Save America’s Treasures grant. However, at the
same time state resources for the project have gone into hiatus. In order to deal with
such changing circumstances, strategic partnerships have been sought, such as thatwith
East Carolina University for the location of our conservation laboratory. Successful
Web- based programs have been conducted as well. Many universities and volunteer
efforts continue to assist this project. As we look to the future, it will be necessary to
find enduring funding streams if this internationally recognized effort is to continue.
Time and effort have been expended throughout this biennium in planning for an
event in the next one: the centennial of archives and history in 2003. Avery active planning
committee has been assembled and has been working very hard in putting together a
program of significance for this signal event. By the end of the bienniumthe planning was
done, and we were beginning to focus on bringing off our plans early in 2003.
Budgetary difficulty has gone from bad to worse throughout the biennium. All parts
of the agency have been affected. Vacant positions have been lost, operating budgets
slashed, and the results have become apparent to our stakeholders. For example, there
are now significant delays in dealing with either National Register or environmental
reviewmatters in theHistoric PreservationOffice. The ability towork collections in the
Archives and Records Section has been adversely affected. After September 11, 2001,
the receipts of the agency suffered a severe setback, particularly in Historical Publications.
However, through it all, our dedicated staff has endured, and we are still working as
hard as we can to accomplish our mission despite the current challenges.
FEDERATION OF NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL SOCIETIES
Annualmeetings of the Federation of North CarolinaHistorical Societies and theNorth
Carolina Literary and Historical Association were held in Raleigh in November of both
years of the biennium. The Newsome Award for outstanding contributions to local
history was presented to the Duplin County Historical Society in 2000 and to the Jackson
County Historical Association and the Beaufort County Historical Association in 2001.
A survey of member organizations was conducted to determine how the Federation
can better serve its constituents, particularly regarding electronic communication. One
result is that the Bulletin is now available both in printed form and on the Archives and
History web page.
During the biennium the Federation, in conjunction with NC ECHO, conducted five
workshops in Raleigh, Salisbury, Asheville, Williamston, and Wilmington. Speakers at
the “ Hometown History” workshops presented sessions on what local historymaterials to
collect, how to preserve thesematerials, and how tomake them accessible to the public.
National History Day in North Carolina continued to grow during the reporting
period, though slowly. By the end of the biennium there were coordinators appointed
for five of the six recognized districts. The sponsoring organizations are East Carolina
University, UNC- Charlotte, Elon University, the North Carolina Transportation
Museum, and the Western Office of Archives and History. Each year the number of
participants in the state contestwas around 230. A highlight of theMay 5, 2001, contest
was an address by U. S. representative Bobby Etheridge. North Carolina continued to
send the maximum number of projects allowed ( 28) to the national contest. In both
years, several North Carolina students received recognition for their work.
In an effort to improve history education and to recruit teachers to become
involved in the program, North Carolina History Day participated as an exhibitor at
the Social Studies and Middle School conferences in Greensboro in 2001 and 2002.
Sessions on using primary sources in the classroom and how the program addresses
the curriculum standards were presented there. Other presentations about History
Day were made at the NAGARA conference in Columbia, S. C., and at the national
meeting of the Oral History Association in Durham. The state coordinator served as a
reviewer of grants for the federal Department of Education’s Teaching American
History grants and was appointed to the Executive Board of State Coordinators for
National History Day.
Nominations for theAmerican Association for State and Local History awardswere
coordinated by the office. Several organizations and individuals received this national
recognition during the biennium.
Historic Stagville, which began the bienniumbeing administered in this office, was
moved to the Division of Historic Sites during the reorganization.
RESEARCH BRANCH
The five- member Research Branch underwent generational change at the outset of the
biennium with the retirement of supervisor Jerry C. Cashion and research historian
Jerry L. Cross in the fall of 2000. The branch supported the Department of Cultural
Resources ( DCR), the Office of Archives and History and its various sections, other
state government agencies, and the public with the preparation of in- depth documentary
reports, brief historical sketches, memoranda, and manuscript reviews.
6
Division of Historical Resources
For the DCR Secretary’s Office and Public Affairs Office, staff members drafted
speeches, assisted with Power Point presentations, consulted on appointments to boards
and commissions, edited biographical sketches, contributed state history details for
publications, and regularly advised news media outlets. At the request of the
Secretary’s Office, the branch supervisor served on a committee charged with
producing a map and guide to the state’s cultural attractions ( North Carolina Bound),
engaged in the Collaborative Culture intra- agency initiative, and met quarterly with the
Agricultural Advancement Consortium.
For the Director’s Office, staff members gathered information related to the agency
centennial, assisted in the successful effort to oppose exclusion of state history from the
public school curriculum, acted as advisers for theWilmington Race Riot Commission,
represented the agency at “ Freedom Monument” meetings, drafted a speech on African
Americans in the Civil War, revised the North Carolina Manual entry, and reviewed
monument and memorial proposals. For the State Historic Preservation Office, work
included review of the Piedmont architecture guidebook text, Cleveland County
inventory, and Trail of Tears history, as well as responses to inquiries concerning
WorldWar II, Bayard v. Singleton, and St. John’s Lutheran Church, Catawba County.
For the Division of StateHistoric Sites, staffmembers contributed sketches for the N. C.
Transportation Museum, advised on the proposed creation of a Civil War Trails
program, and reviewed the draft of a history of the Department of Transportation. For
the Office of State Archaeology, research was completed on embalming practices.
Specific research tasks were undertaken for theMuseum of History, theMuseum of the
Albemarle, Tryon Palace, the State Capitol, the Underwater Archaeology Unit, and the
Western Office. Staff also responded to requests from the Governor’s Office, the
George W. Bush presidential campaign, U. S. Senate Historical Office, General
Assembly, Attorney General’s Office, Division of State Parks, Department of
Administration, Commission of Indian Affairs, and Board of Elections.
Research historian Ansley Herring Wegner completed the manuscript for History
for All the People, the agency’s centennial history, with contributions by other branch
staff members of accompanying sidebar features. Near the close of the biennium intern
Tom Vincent, a graduate student at North Carolina State University, assisted in photo
research for the book. Research historian Dennis F. Daniels completed in- depth reports
on the Polk Youth Center property for theNorth CarolinaMuseum of Art, and the town
of Haywood ( Chatham County) for the Office of State Archaeology, and made
substantial progress on a history of Bird Island ( Brunswick County) for the Division of
Coastal Management. Research historian Mark Anderson Moore engaged with the
University of North Carolina Press to create thirty maps for the revised edition of The
Way We Lived in North Carolina and completed other maps for the Historical
Publications Section. He designed storyboards for a fiber- opticmap display and created
a tour map for visitors at Fort Fisher.
All staff members contributed articles for the forthcoming Encyclopedia of North
Carolina. Progress was made on a volume of biographical sketches of North Carolina
governors, and final editing was completed on a monograph on artificial limbs. Staff
members conducted the annual awards competitions for the North Carolina Literary
and Historical Association, mailing announcements each year to fifteen hundred
schools and two hundred publishers. In the spring of 2002, seventy- four books and
twenty- seven literary magazines were submitted, the same numbers as the previous
7
Division of Historical Resources
year. The display featuring the association’s awards was renovated. Staffmembers also
assisted with National History Day and History Bowl.
North Carolina Highway Historical Marker Program
The highlight for the biennium was the publication in November 2001 of the ninth
edition of the Guide to North Carolina Highway Historical Markers ( the first edition
appeared in 1939). The latest volume incorporated 136 new markers put in place since
publication of the eighth edition in 1990. The new edition listed the signs by county
rather than by district, included the year each was approved, and featured improved
countymaps. The print run for the edition was increased to 7,500 copies, because of the
offer of the State Employees’ Credit Union to purchase half the stock and sell those to
members at a discount. The book and program were subjects of front- page stories in
Raleigh and Charlotte newspapers on January 1, 2002, as well as segments on
television and radio.
TheNorth CarolinaHighwayHistorical Marker Advisory Committee has oversight
responsibility for the program, its charge being to weigh the authenticity, comparative
merit, and appropriateness of each proposed sign, and to compose the inscriptions.
Dr. Freddie Parker of North Carolina Central University, Dr. Lu Ann Jones of East
Carolina University, Dr. Alexander R. Stoesen ( retired) of Guilford College, and
Dr. Karl E. Campbell of Appalachian State University accepted appointments to five-year
terms on the committee. Over the biennium the group held three semiannual
meetings; the fourth was cancelled because of budgetary constraints. At thosemeetings
members approved twenty- two new markers ( see Appendix 9), bringing the total
authorized since 1935 to 1,441. In addition, eighteen older markers were replaced,
sixteen signs were returned to the foundry for repairs, and forty- one extra posts were
ordered. Sixty- four maintenance requests were forwarded to the Department of
Transportation, the program cosponsor.
During the reporting period, dedication and unveiling programs were held in
Canton, Carthage, Durham, Hamlet, Hendersonville, Hickory, Hobgood, Jacksonville,
Lincolnton, Monroe, New Bern, Windsor, Winston- Salem, andWilson. Staff continued
to advise local organizations and individuals on the purchase and placement of locally
funded markers and plaques. As the biennium concluded, work progressed on
preliminary steps to upgrade the marker program website by posting background
research on marker topics.
Web Development
Mark Anderson Moore, a temporary employee of the agency since 1992, became a full-time
permanent employee as webmaster and research historian inMarch 2001. Over the
course of the biennium he significantly upgraded the Historic Bath, Somerset Place,
and Fort Fisher websites. His work on the Bentonville and CSS Neuse sites received
national recognition in The CivilWar on the Web: AGuide to the Very Best Sites ( 2001).
Moore assumed responsibility for development and maintenance of the main DCR
website in addition to that of the Office of Archives and History. DCR Web initiatives
included a new site design and a map interface highlighting cultural resources in all one
hundred counties. The branch coordinated the work of volunteer ( and later part- time
employee) Marina Pereiro and others to create Spanish translations of DCR websites.
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ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SECTION
Catherine J. Morris, State Archivist and Records Administrator
The reorganization on October 1, 2000, of the Archives and Records Section into five
branches and an administrative component enhanced themanagement of services in the
areas of arrangement, description, and access to collections, as well as in providing
records management services to public agencies across the state. Positions reallocated
as the section’s information technology manager and a preservation officer placed
increased emphasis on these important functions. In addition, the new structure served
to foster cross- branch communication and cooperation within the section.
The use of new technologies to improve efficiency and delivery of services
continued during this biennium. Increased electronic communications, enhancement of
the section’s Web presence, the beginning of a document digitization program, and
emphasis on addressing the management of electronic records created in public
agencies are only some of the ways in which technology is changing the work of the
section and the services it provides.
The Archives and Records Section, like other government entities, provided
services while dealing with extraordinary financial obstacles in terms of loss of staff,
continued erosion of appropriated operating funds, and annual required budget
reversions. To cope with difficult budget realities, the section has been forced to reduce
or eliminate services and to charge additional fees. The reversion of temporary salary
funds and resultant loss of all temporary staff in early 2002 forced changes to Saturday
Search Room operations. With legislative approval, the State Archives increased its
out- of- state search fee to twenty dollars; despite this change, search fee revenues did
not increase significantly. Field- microfilming services, perennially hampered by
insufficient travel funds, ceased as additional travel restrictions were imposed. Lack of
funding for needed supplies forced the section to seek changes to its administrative
rules; such changes impose charges to client agencies for cartons used for records
storage. At the end of the biennium, plans were under way to implement fees to
agencies for the disposal of records held by this section but scheduled for destruction in
accordance with approved retention schedules. Travel fund loss and travel prohibitions
reduced staff ability to consult with public officials, provide training workshops, or
speak to local groups regarding agency resources and services . Of most concern is the
continuing loss of staff positions with the resultant reassignment of staff and often the
reduction or cessation of certain functions and services. As the biennium ended, budget
prospects for the next fiscal year and beyond were even bleaker.
Good news in the midst of the gloomy budget picture was the spring 2002 joint
agreement of the State Library ofNorthCarolina and theDivision ofHistorical Resources
with Endeavor Systems, Inc., to purchase Voyager and ENCompass software to replace
the library’s Dynix system and the section’sManuscript and Archives Reference System
( MARS). This collaborative effort resulted from more than a year of research, needs
analysis, demonstrations, and contract negotiations. The ENCompass software will
enable researchers to search the database through a Web browser- type interface and
then link to digital images pertaining to the record description selected. Data migration
from MARS to the new system and implementation programming were under way by
the end of the biennium with Web- based access to records descriptions and selected
digitized images anticipated in the fall.
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10
The completion of shelving and other work at the leased Blount Street Annex
( BSA) in December 2000 finally gave the sectionmuch- needed space for the storage of
records. The facility did not, however, alleviate the critical need for the construction of
a centrally located, large- capacity records center with adequate environmentally
appropriate space for housing records in paper, micrographic, and electronic formats,
and for providing other records services to public officials statewide. For many years
stopgap measures have been implemented to lessen the agency’s critical need for
records storage. Typically those measures resolve problems associated with transfer
backlogs, but they also create new challenges related to accessing and monitoring
remote facilities.
Work of the State Historical Records Advisory Board ( SHRAB) continued with
strong financial support from the National Historical Publications and Records
Commission ( NHPRC). Several of the popular cable call- in programs were produced
with NHPRC funding; among topics explored were archaeological activities and the
Queen Anne’s Revenge, genealogical research, African American history resources,
statewide digitization initiatives, electronic records management, and fund- raising
strategies for archival programs. On November 2, 2001, the SHRAB hosted the
statewide conference “ Charting Our Future,” bringing together archivists, librarians,
registers of deeds, and others interested in records issues to discuss concerns and to
develop recommendations for addressing statewide records needs. Keynote speaker
John Carlin, Archivist of theUnited States, challenged attendees to focus on the diverse
records challenges confronting them in the twenty- first century.
Support of the section’s programs by the Friends of the Archives, Inc. ( FOA),
proved invaluable during this period. When purchasing and travel spending were
curtailed by shortfalls in the state budget, the Friends supplied critically needed funds
for emergency purchases and essential travel. In addition, financial support for an intern
provided important manpower to the digitization program when other resources were
unavailable. Late in the biennium the FOA took actions to raise additional revenue to
assist with the section’s most immediate, but unfunded, needs.
The loss of funds and staff did not deter the section from providing preservation of
and access to the records in its custody, and offering guidance and consultation services
to public officials and citizens of the state on a wide array of records topics. Reports of
the branches provide evidence of the important work by staff in helping to preserve and
make available the state’s important documentary heritage.
COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT BRANCH
Within this branch the major preservation initiatives of the section, including all
micrographics operations, document conservation activities, photo lab activities, and
preservation programming, are coordinated and managed by the section’s preservation
officer. Arenewed focus on preservation issues resulted in several important initiatives.
In December 2000 the section agreed to take part in the field trial of new environmental
monitoring equipment, aswell as software produced by the Image Permanence Institute
( IPI) of Rochester, New York. To complement the equipment and software received as
part of this national trial, the section purchased twenty- six additional dataloggers for
enhanced environmental monitoring. Data from all units is downloaded monthly, and
that information along with feedback on the software’s functionality is provided to IPI.
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This system provides a dynamic way to monitor conditions in storage areas in the
section’s five Raleigh facilities.
A second important preservation activity begun during the biennium was planning
for a major shift of records within the Raleigh facilities. A sectionwide committee
analyzed records holdings to determine which collections could be moved to other
locations to maximize the availability to researchers of more frequently referenced
county and processed state agency records, while ensuring protection for other archival
records in auxiliary storage areas.
Branch staff used technology to improve productivity and to cope with loss of staff
resulting from budget cuts and reassignments. Imaging Unit staff used e- mail and fax to
communicate with registers of deeds and to provide timely feedback on the quality of
security film shipments. Photography lab staff designed electronic order forms for
photography and digital orders, enabling agency staff to complete the forms online and
submit them electronically. This reduced paper consumption and allowed automated
production of negative sleeve labels using information taken directly from the
electronic order form.
An intern from North Carolina State University and a staff member reassigned
part- time to the photography lab increased preservation copying work. Negatives from
several endangered collections, including the Albert Barden Collection and the News
and Observer collection, were reformatted. Staff duplicated 4,354 slides from the Black
Mountain College ( BMC) collections as part of the section’s cost- sharing work on a
National Endowment for the Humanities ( NEH) grant. Staff also took digital pictures of
some of the most valuable items in the vault collection and many of the originalWorld
War I posters. Overall the photography lab produced 26,622 black- and- white prints;
processed 1,859 rolls and 5,675 sheets of black- and- white film; produced 1,149
graphics camera prints; duplicated 5,859 slides; and added 2,719 negatives to section
files. There were 2,693 orders for traditional photographic services, 183 orders for
digital services, and 80 location assignments.
Section reorganization left only one conservation assistant to perform most of the
in- house conservation treatments. The major project of note was conservation of BMC
papers for the NEH grant. A total of 42,326 documents were treated, including repairs
to 5,941 items, deacidification of 33,595 items, encapsulation of 2,013 items, and
cleaning of 777 items.
The Imaging Unit saw a gradual, but major shift in focus during this biennium.
Budget constraintsmeant restricted travel, essentially ending field- microfilming services;
by the end of the biennium, all field- microfilming positions had been eliminated or
reassigned. As the unit faced a new fiscal year, additional position losses were
imminent. To cope with these changes, the unit refocused attention on the backlog of
filming projects that in many cases had been pending for years. Among these were a
large group of Department of Transportation right- of- way encroachment agreement
files and records of the Secretary of State Corporations Division ( 1903- 1986). Many
local government entities continued to have their official minutes duplicated, but the
records or duplicate files had to be sent to Raleigh for filming. Increased preservation
emphasis and digitization initiatives resulted in increased preservation filming. Among
these projects were North Carolina Supreme Court case files dating to 1940; letter
books of Governors Vance, Holden, and Worth; Secretary of State wills; District
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Superior Court estates files; and Colonial Court estates records. Other filming efforts
included the Children of the American Revolution scrapbooks, Department of
Conservation and Development scrapbooks, the Lovit- Hines Collection, the John
Brown Diary, and the William Primrose McPherson Collection. Among newspapers
filmed were the Technician, Tryon Daily Bulletin, Charlotte Jewish News, Church
Intelligencer, Franklin Press, and the New River Camp Lejeune Globe.
The Imaging Unit produced 1,537 16- millimeter reels ( 3,575,024 images) of state
agency records and 1,001 16- millimeter reels ( 1,275,084 images) of local government
records. There were 127 35- millimeter reels ( 71,871 images) of state agency records
produced and 15,206 aperture cards created. Total microfilmprocessed included 3,494
16- millimeter reels and 2,418 35- millimeter reels of silver film; 60 16- millimeter and
1,687 35- millimeter silver duplicates; and 14,459 16- millimeter and 9,509 35-
millimeter diazo duplicates. A total of 4,923 quality control tests were performed, and
7,710 reels of vault film were inspected, while 450 reels ( 300,078 images) of 35-
millimeter film were filmed for preservation projects. Finally, 9,251 reelswere received
from registers of deeds for security storage, along with 1,533 reels from the
Administrative Office of the Courts, and 1,693 reels from other sources.
GOVERNMENT RECORDS BRANCH
The Government Records Branch made progress in several areas during the biennium.
Major programmatic areas receiving attention included electronic records, standard
retention schedules, records storage, and the comprehensive life- cycle management of
public records. The branch assumed responsibility for the arrangement and description
of archival records in October 2000. A team of archivists comprising the branch’s new
Records Description Unit process collections from state agencies, including the
Governor’s Office, and county offices. Those activities provide an excellent
complement to traditional records analysis duties and storage programs. An electronic
records archivist joined the branch in early 2002 to oversee the many complex issues
attending born- digital records.
Of great importance was the opening of the BSA; once the problems associated with
shelving layout and security were addressed, a transfer backlog of approximately thirteen
thousand cubic feet was reduced in just a few months. The BSA afforded the agency a
generous amount of space— approximately sixty- six thousand cubic feet— in which to
store semi- active and inactive public records for state government agencies. Its heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning system also allowed for the storage of archival records.
The branch broke new ground regarding the supplies and services it traditionally
has provided to state agencies at no cost. Effective July 1, 2001, state agencies were
required to purchase from the branch the cartons, labels, and box tape used to transfer
public records to the State Records Center. Proceeds from the sale of those supplies go
into a dedicated fund that enables the branch to buy cartons and associated materials
despite budget- related purchasing restrictions.
Because of a decision by State Surplus Property to discontinue receipt of records for
recycling, at the end of 2001 the branch was burdened with over nine thousand cubic
feet of records whose destruction had been authorized by custodial agencies. A
temporary agreement was reached with a recycling contractor from Greensboro who
removed thematerials at no charge. The state’s regular recycling contract did not include
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provisions for large quantities of unsorted or confidential records. Therefore, the branch
issued its own request for proposals for bids to handle records that must be destroyed.
Custodial agencies will be invoiced directly for this service by the selected vendor.
As a result of an assessment of the agency’s electronic records management
program, the Archives and Records Section joined the Delaware Public Archives and
the Wyoming State Archives in the Three States Electronic Records Project.
Envisioned as a multi- phased effort, the first two projects— the capture of Web- based
records, and electronic mail management and preservation— were completed during
the latter half of the biennium.
The State Agency and University Records Unit accomplished several major
projects during the biennium. Most important, perhaps, was the General Schedule for
State Agency Records that addresses 167 common records series in state agencies. Its
implementation frees analysts to focus on electronic records, paper records unique to
governmental programs, and records of permanent value. Staff oversaw the update or
amendment of 6,328 records series for state agencies ( 2,726) and universities ( 3,602).
Staff conducted 67 training workshops, attended by 1,024 state agency and university
employees, and conducted 1,020 records management consultations.
Local records analysts completed the Public Hospitals and County Management
records retention schedules. With those updates and numerous schedule amendments,
staff updated or amended 2,232 records series. Staff conducted 1,566 records
management, micrographics, and imaging- related consultations and held 38 training
sessions for 1,281 local government employees.
Archivists in the Records Description Unit processed over 621 cubic feet of county,
state agency, and Governor’s Office records. During the biennium 1,619 cubic feet of
permanently valuable records were received from the counties. More than 230 cubic
feet of county records were transferred to the Archives. Staff also oversaw the transfer
of roughly 40 cubic feet of unprocessed state agency records and over 403 cubic feet of
unprocessed governor’s records. Staff worked closely with the Office of the Governor
to ensure the proper transfer of public records at the end of Gov. James B. Hunt Jr.’ s
administration in late 2000.
In July 2001 staff of the Department of Revenue assumed responsibility for
servicing corporate income tax returns stored in the State Records Center. As a result,
requests for records dropped from 21,140 in fiscal year 2000- 2001 to 14,485 the next
year. A total of 39,306 cubic feet of state agency records were received for storage by
the State Records Center, while 30,596 cubic feet were removed. The branch began the
biennium storing 146,805 cubic feet of records for agencies; holdings totaled 158,171
cubic feet at the end, thanks largely to space provided by the BSA.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BRANCH
The Information Technology Branch is responsible for the management of electronic
records, online access through a graphical interface to MARS, digitization, network
administration, and computer technical support for the section and other parts of the
Division of Historical Resources.
Staff worked closely with division personnel on a variety of electronic records
issues, including development of an electronic records inventory form. The MARS
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database increased from 359,603 to 389,381 records during this reporting period. Some
of the collections described include Department of Administration property
construction contracts, county court records, North Carolina Supreme Court case files,
Colonial Governors’ Papers, and Secretary of State Land Grants for Mecklenburg and
Montgomery Counties.
The State Archives began work in earnest on a digitization program. Through a
Library Services and Technology Act ( LSTA) grant provided through NC ECHO, the
Archives purchased a microfilm scanner, and staff scanned thousands of microfilmed
images. Staff analyzed potential microfilm reels for scanning, prepared original
documents for conservation work and microfilming, indexed individual documents,
performed batch scans of the microfilm, and conducted quality assurance on the
completed scanned and indexed images. As a result of a study by the Legislative
Research Commission’s Digitization of Public Records by State Archives Committee,
the General Assembly appropriated $ 50,000 to fund the certification process for the
section’s digitization proposal. Certification gives the section clearance to pursue its
digitization program goals as funding allows. As of June 30, 2002, with the assistance
of grant funds and internships, more than 46,162 documents had been scanned. Among
these were the Secretary of State original wills, Colonial Governors’ Papers, Colonial
Court estates papers, selected posters, selections from the Archives’ “ treasures,” and
estates papers from Edenton, Hillsborough, Morgan, and New Bern Districts.
Branch staff assumed management of the section’sWeb pages and worked to bring
enhancements across the website. The result is increased information of interest to
researchers and client agencies. The hiring of a computer technician also helped the
section by providing staff support in such areas as trouble- shooting, compliance with
state requirements related to desktop and e- mail management, computer virus
protection, and hardware and software inventory control. The applications programmer
worked closely with the department’s computer manager to install a firewall for the
protection of departmental computers, helped other sections with complex
technological problems, oversaw the migration of the MARS system and other
databases into the new ENCompass system, assisted with digitization efforts, and
developed a database to manage the microfilming of minutes for county agencies.
The branch is indebted to its volunteers and interns. One volunteer assisted in
proofreading the lengthy index to the Confederate Pension applications; and four
interns from the Goodwill Industries Training Program have helped with data entry,
scanning, and proofreading. Two interns funded by the FOA and one paid through the
generosity of the Society of the Cincinnati assisted in the digitization project.
PUBLIC SERVICES BRANCH
The State Archives continued the recent trend of fewer researchers visiting the Search
Room. With 24,060 researchers, visitation this biennium was down nearly 2,500 from
the previous period. After the terrorist attacks in September 2001, visitation sharply
decreased and has been slow to recover. Researchers in the Search Room used 60,340
Fibredex boxes and volumes of original records, and 66,340 reels ofmicrofilm. Branch
staff membersmade 545,491 xerographic copies and handled 5,793 phone calls. While
visitation decreased, requests for information by mail increased dramatically, with the
major increase in e- mail. Traditional mail requests numbered 24,692 and e- mail
requests 12,422 for a total of 32,720, an increase from the 26,855 of the previous
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biennium; this rise necessitated staff reassignment to respond to requests. Additionally,
3,815 academic transcripts inquiries were handled, as well as 505 veterans’ requests
and 224 requests for unprocessed county records.
Branch staff continued their support of various agency programs including Historic
Sites’ History Bowl, theMuseum of History’s Tar Heel Junior Historian Awards Day,
and History Day by judging student works and providing other services. In addition,
staff members revised the existing series of Archives Information Circulars, updating
information and preparing them for Web publication.
InMarch 2002, the Public Services Branch lost its temporary staff as a result of the
state budget crisis. Since these employees worked primarily on Saturdays, this loss
necessitated a revision to the staff rotation schedule. Furthermore, the reduction of staff
and the responsibility for providing relief for the building security officer forced the
closing of the Search Room for an hour beginning at noon. Despite the overall decrease
in researchers, Saturday continues to be the heaviest day of researcher visitation.
Outreach activities included presentations to groups across the state, although this
servicewas severely curtailed because of the budget crisis. In cooperationwith the State
Library, the branch presented a genealogical workshop for Cultural Resources
employees. Staff also participated in the planning and presentation of an FOA-sponsored
workshop, “ Genealogy in the Electronic Age.”
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS BRANCH
The Special Collections Branch is responsible for appraising, accessioning, arranging,
describing, preserving, and servicing private papers, photographs, audio- visual
materials, maps, and military collections for the State Archives. It also oversees the
Outer Banks History Center ( OBHC) in Manteo.
Accession entries for the State Archives numbered 1,833: 18,978 microfilm reels;
7,520 microfiche sheets; 1,896 photographs; 972.25 cubic feet of unbound records; 782
photograph negatives; 463 volumes; 255 maps; 85 slides; 45 original prints, engravings,
and architectural drawings; 28 audiocassettes; 26 videotapes; 12 negative photostats; 6
surveyor plats; 4 tintypes; 3 postcards; 2 calendars; 2 scrapbooks; and 1 stereo view.
The Non- Textual Records Unit received 7,439 requests, described 2,776 negatives
in MARS, added 2,126 negatives to the files, and rehoused 200 sound recording discs
as well as photographs in the H. H. Brimley Photograph Collection. An index to the
Raleigh News and Observer undated photographs was prepared, and North Carolina
State University ( NCSU) practicum students prepared finding aids to the Appalachian
National Park Association and FCX photographs. A $ 5,100 National FilmPreservation
Foundation grant helped preserve and duplicate two H. Lee Waters films depicting
Kannapolis and Concord in the 1940s. Expansion of the roster of North Carolina
photographers ( 1842- 1941) continued, and assistance was provided in locating
illustrations for a revised publication of The Way We Lived in North Carolina.
The Black Mountain College Project, through a $ 98,245 grant from the National
Endowment for the Humanities, funded an archivist and part- time clerical staff; they,
along with interns and consultant Mary Emma Harris, identified and processed items in
the collection. Selected college records ( 25.2 cubic feet) were conserved, descriptions
were entered intoMARS, 101 audiotapes and 4,126 slides were copied for preservation,
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releases for interviews were secured, MARC records and Encoded Archival
Description ( EAD) documents were prepared, and finding aids were finalized.
Effective April 30, 2002, Barbara Cain retired from the section after twenty- six years.
She was an archivist supervisor within the branch and the BMC project manager.
In theMilitary Collection Project, there were 2,048 items acquired, 914 calls and/ or
visitors received, 1,068 pieces of correspondence handled, 710 photographs copied
from 491 lenders and/ or donors, 98 interviews conducted, and 27 presentations made.
The CivilWar section of the Military Collection finding aid was revised, and materials
were identified for potential use on the section’s Web page.
Arrangement and description work included completion of finding aids and
worksheets for 33 private collections and account books ( 42 cubic feet). Proofreading
and standardizing of index terms and scope notes in MARS were completed for 123
private collections ( 154.6 cubic feet). A major rearrangement of the Secretary of State
records and the production of a new finding aid were finished in the spring of 2002.
In the Secretary of State Land Grant Project, 2,691 entries were made into MARS.
An intern from NCSU arranged and described the first seven series of World War I
posters. There were 23,000 index entries made into MARS describing various private
collections. Manuscript collection finding aids not already in electronic format and not
listed in the guide were digitized; and five private collections finding aids were
converted to EAD. Additionally 90 cubic feet of organization records were re- housed;
theWake County League ofWomen Voters’ records were arranged and described; and
210 maps were reclassified, indexed, and described in MARS.
At the OBHC the long awaited construction of a new gallery and renovations to the
Reading Room were completed in September 2001; the gallery openedwith the exhibit,
Pirates Jamboree Revisited. Other exhibits prepared by the staff included The Outer
Banks, 1900: The Wrights Arrive ( at the Wright Brothers National Memorial and
Jockey’s Ridge State Park); A Man’s Home is Where He Prospers ( at the Dare County
Public Library); Coastal Carolina Civil War Sketches: Drawings by Edwin Graves
Champney and Selected Civil War Documents from the OBHC Collections; Captain
Warren O’Neal, Carolina Boat- builder and Fisherman: Legacy and Works; and To
Preserve, Protect, and Maintain: Seventy- Five Years of the First Flight Society. Staff
interviewed 39 individuals for the waterman documentation project. From January
2001 through June 2002, center personnel handled 8,440 requests ( including 3,215 by
phone; 1,938 onsite visitors; 2,071 researchers in the Reading Room; 483 by fax and
e- mail; 299 letters; and 434 photographs replicated). Among significant acquisitions
were the files of theWrightMemorial Bridge Company, 1930- 1935; papers of Francis
andGertrudeRogallo; historic photographs of Buffalo City timbering operations; 1,013
slides taken by Mike Booher depicting the 1999 relocation of Cape Hatteras
Lighthouse; and research materials about Hatteras Island families and local history
compiled byBeatrice B. McArthur. Progresswasmade in processing the Rogallo Papers,
the Manteo Rotary Club records, Dare County Tourist Bureau and Chamber of
Commerce materials, and items relating to the Lost Colony received from Aycock
Brown. Staff participated in a television special on moving historic structures for
Discovery Canada and provided support for the OBHC Associates’ membership drive
and fund- raising activities that enlisted the aid of Andy Griffith and Sen. Marc
Basnight.
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HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS SECTION
Donna E. Kelly, Administrator
The Historical Publications Section ( HPS) witnessed a fairly consistent level of sales
during the 2000- 2002 biennium. Receipts totaled $ 347,239.89. In the first fiscal year they
totaled $ 177,036.96, and in the second $ 170,202.93. Sales of publications were affected
in the second reporting period by the events of September 11, 2001. Credit card sales
totaled $ 13,647.93 in the first year ( 8 percent of the total) and $ 15,522.59 in the second ( 9
percent of the total). A list of publications for the period is found in Appendix 6.
The section distributed 87,431 publications as follows:
Documentary volumes 1,332
Governors’ documentaries 1,317
Fifty- year Review index 31
Ten- year Review index 27
Carolina Comments index 55
Books, pamphlets, and Roster addenda 43,246
Maps, charts, and documents 4,766
Publications catalog 34,600
Biennial reports 15
Back issues of the Review 622
Back issues of Carolina Comments 657
Blackbeard T- shirts 66
Posters 697
Significantmodifications occurredwithin theHPS over the course of this biennium,
particularly with staff changes. An accounting clerk III was hired in July 2000; she
resigned in September 2001, and her position was eliminated because of budget cuts at
the close of the reporting period. OnMarch 31, 2001, JoeMobley, section administrator
for nearly six years, retired. Donna Kelly, editor II with the Iredell Papers project, was
appointed acting administrator and then assumed the position permanently on June 1,
2001. An editor I within the Colonial Records Branch was promoted into that vacant
editor II position as the section’s digital editor. Her vacated editor I position was
transferred to the General Publications Branch when an editor II was shifted under the
direct supervision of the section administrator. The editor I position within the General
Publications Branch was filled in December 2001. In September 2001, Robert Cain
( editor III), supervisor of the Colonial Records Branch, retired after thirty- two years
with the project. Jan- Michael Poff succeeded him, having previously served as an
editor II responsible for editing the governors’ papers. William Brown, formerly with
theArchives and Records Section, was promoted into that position inNovember 2001.
In addition to many personnel changes, other section- wide activities occurred. In
October 2001 the entire staff assisted with local arrangements for the Association for
Documentary Editing ( ADE) annual meeting in Raleigh. The loss of the accounting
clerk position in the second year resulted in a shift of duties for several positions, which
Division of Historical Resources
was written into new work plans for the coming year. Moreover, the whole staff
assisted with two annual inventories conducted each July.
Beginning in 2001 nearly all new titles were typeset in- house, making use of new
technology and saving money. In early 2002, new marketing strategies were
implemented within the section and will be expanded into the next biennium. They
represent a concerted effort to save money by using e- mail for more efficient
distribution of information about new titles, special discounts, and sales. A major shift
of the inventory occurred at the close of the biennium, asmore shelving was installed to
make better use of vertical space in the stock room. In a further effort to create more
shelf space and to increase revenue, shelf- worn or older editions of titles were made
available at drastically reduced prices. Moreover, the section is continuing to take
advantage of opportunities for exposure through book exhibits at local workshops and
meetings within the state, given that travel restrictions will more than likely continue
into the next biennium.
ADMINISTRATION
The two administrators attended two annual meetings of the North Carolina Literary
and Historical Association and co- chaired the Local Arrangements Committee for the
2001 ADE meeting. The former administrator presented papers at meetings of the U. S.
Lifesaving Service Heritage Association and the Sons of Confederate Veterans. The
current administrator presented a paper entitled, “ The Pinnacles and Pitfalls of State
Support: TheNorth CarolinaHistorical Publications Program” at the ADE meeting. She
also served on the DCR Project Green Task Force, on an intradepartmental advisory
team assisting with the “ NC Green 2001 Expo” held in October, on the Archives and
History ( A& H) Centennial Committee, and on the department’s Collaborative Culture
Committee. As administrator she proofread the last six months’ report, the previous
biennial report, four issues of the North Carolina Historical Review ( the Review), four
new titles, and seven issues of Carolina Comments.
In the front office the administrative secretary II, the processing assistant III, and the
accounting clerk III maintained daily section operations. They accounted for the
inventory and prepared numerous financial reports, while also handling phone, fax,
e- mail, and in- person requests from the general public, booksellers, authors, and
members of the Advisory Editorial Committee. They processed the Review articles and
book reviews, mailed notices, ordered supplies, supervised bulk mailings, handled
surplus property disposal, printed ads and flyers, updated subscription lists and leave
reports, submitted the annual records survey, operated the credit card system, prepared
385 purchase requests, processed 4,467 orders, and handled 10,249 pieces of mail. The
administrative secretary maintained all e- mail operations, updated anti- virus software,
ordered computer equipment, implemented the section’s e- procurement purchasing
system, handled the 2001 State Employees’ Combined Campaign, and assisted the
administrator in preparing all required reports during the biennium. The processing
assistant continued to serve on the department’s Equal Employment Opportunity and
Air Quality Control committees, and the accounting clerk handled the State Employees’
Combined Campaign in 2000. The front office staff attended training sessions in e-commerce,
Windows NT, electronic public records, debt collection, and e- procurement.
In the area of marketing, the part- time information and communications specialist I
publicized twelve of the section’s new publications through press releases,
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advertisements, review copies, book displays, and flyers to magazines, newspapers,
newsletters, journals, booksellers, and libraries. She updated the section’s listings in
various publication directories and promoted selected titles through special offers. She
planned, mounted, and staffed exhibits at two Southern Historical Association ( SHA)
meetings, two Social Studies conferences, and two Middle School Association
conferences. She saw through press both the 2001 and 2002 publication catalogs by
editing entries, adding new material, selecting graphic art, designing the layout and
covers, and overseeing their distribution. She co- chaired the Local Arrangements
Committee for the 2001 ADE meeting in Raleigh upon the former administrator’s
retirement; provided catalogs and display copies of selected titles for the departmental
booth at two state fairs and other displays or meetings arranged by A& H staff;
promoted the Review through three press releases; and, along with the current
administrator, attended the Publishers Association of the South Winter Conclave and
the Appalachian Consortium meeting in Asheville in January 2001. She also checked
monthly invoices and orders, updated computerized mailing lists, catalogued book
reviews, handled HPS free listings, prepared copy for the A& H Kid’s Page for the
Web, and advised the administrator on which titles to reprint.
During the last biennium, the digital editor began typesetting many publications in-house.
The process began with the November 2001 Carolina Comments and continued
for four issues of that publication, the January and April 2002 Review, and updates to
reprints of The Black Experience in Revolutionary North Carolina and Society in
Colonial North Carolina. She attended an HTML class and spent considerable time
updating and adding new material to the website. Among the new material added were
the 2001 and 2002 catalogs, selected data from eight issues of the Review, full text for
three issues of Carolina Comments ( beginning with January 2002), press releases for
titles published this biennium, sales information, 145 colonial newspaper extracts, and
six out- of- print titles that appear on the Colonial Records Project page. By the end of
the biennium, the website had received 44,185 hits since its inception. In addition to
typesetting and online duties, the digital editor began compiling the indexes to the
Review for eventualWeb publication, and at the conclusion of the biennium, the entire
index had been put in electronic form with some formatting and consolidating
remaining to be done. Other duties of the digital editor included compiling a master list
of all the section’s publications since 1903, highlighting the section’s activities for
inclusion in the forthcoming centennial history, and assisting other staff members with
computer problems and maintenance.
Several documentary projects moved forward during the biennium. The section
proofreader co- edited Records of the Moravians in North Carolina, VolumeXII, 1856-
1866, and she was progressing, as time permitted, with editing for the next volume at
the end of the reporting period. In addition she read copy for nearly every publication
produced and completed proofreading for the next volume of The Papers of William
Woods Holden, to be published in the next fiscal year. Volume 3 of The Papers of
James Iredell saw limited progress during the reporting period. The editor II conducted
research and prepared annotation with the aid of three interns and two temporary
employees during the first year. The new editor, who assumed responsibility for this
project during the second year, workedwith three interns who assisted with research for
volumes 3 and 4. Before retiring the former administrator neared completion on
annotation and transcription for volume 3 of The Papers of Zebulon Baird Vance and
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saw through press The Papers of William Woods Holden, Volume 1, 1841- 1868, as
well as the Moravian Records cited above. Because of budgetary constraints and
copyright concerns, the planned documentary on twentieth- century wars has been
postponed indefinitely.
Eight issues of the Review ( July and October 2000; January, April, July, October
2001; and January and April 2002) were published. [ The subscriptions decreased
slightly from the previous biennium to an average of 1,216.] These issues consisted of
288 book reviews, 23 articles, four bibliographies ( two for N. C.- related books and two
for N. C.- related theses and dissertations), two indexes, and one review essay. The editor
II assigned book reviews, wrote cutlines, edited articles and book reviews, designed
covers, chose illustrations, ordered review copies, handled correspondence, and saw all
eight issues through press. She also served on the SHA membership committee. During
the biennium 52manuscripts were received for consideration. Of those 24were accepted,
and 26 were rejected. Members of the Advisory Editorial Committee and other readers
evaluated 32 articles submitted to the Review. Dr. Russell Snapp of Davidson College
resigned from the committee in 2001 and was replaced by Dr. Holly Brewer of North
Carolina State University to fill the term through 2003. Dr. William Link of the
University of North Carolina at Greensboro completed his term June 30, 2001, and was
replaced by Dr. Laura Edwards of Duke University. Dr. David Goldfield of the
University of North Carolina at Charlotte completed his term on the committee and was
succeeded by Dr. William Barney of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The governors’ papers editor completed the editing, annotation, proofreading,
indexing, and illustration research for volume 3 of the Addresses and Public Papers of
James Baxter Hunt Jr., which was delivered in March 2001. The section paid for the
printing because of the budget shortfall but was reimbursed by the department during
the next fiscal year. Work proceeded on volume 4 through annotation of speeches;
compilation of executive orders, appointments, and press releases; and final document
selection. Compilation, arrangement, and selection of documents commenced for the
first volume of Governor Easley papers. A workshop for Governors’ Office staff was
held April 20, 2001, in cooperation with staff from the Archives and Records Section.
Arrangements were made to receive copies of official documents for inclusion in the
published volumes. On March 19, 2001, Gov. Michael F. Easley, in a ceremony held in
the State Capitol, officially presented Governor Hunt with volume 3.
CIVIL WAR ROSTER BRANCH
The research, writing, compiling, and editing of Volume 15 of North Carolina Troops,
1861- 1865: A Roster was completed. The volume will contain rosters and histories of
the Sixty- second, Sixty- fourth, Sixty- sixth, Sixty- seventh, and Sixty- eighth Regiments
and is scheduled for publication in 2003. The editor III wrote histories of all five
regiments. He also incorporated into company rosters voluminous service records
information abstracted by the editor I from the 1860 and 1870 North Carolina federal
censuses, the County Heritage Book series, and bounty payrolls, receipt rolls, and other
records in the State Archives’ Civil War Collection. Branch staff also proofread,
indexed, and typeset two of the five regimental histories and rosters. Maps drawn by a
professional cartographer and illustrations of soldiers who served in the five regiments
were being acquired at the end of this biennium.
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COLONIAL RECORDS BRANCH
In the Colonial Records Branch, the editor III continued research for the introduction to
Volume 11, The Church of England in North Carolina, 1742- 1763; supervised the
expansion of the project’s website; and supervised the preparation of North Carolina
Headrights: A List of Names, 1663- 1744 and Society in Early North Carolina: A
Documentary History, the first two books in the new paperbound documentary series.
He also completed six weeks of research in London, through the generous support of
the Carolina Charter Corporation; conducted the 2000 annual meeting of the
corporation; and beganmodifications of the introductions to previous Colonial Records
volumes for publication as a new history of colonial North Carolina. He gave a talk at
St. Philip’s Episcopal Church in Southport to commemorate the 250th anniversary of
the parish ( May 6, 2001) and presented a paper to a conference of church historians in
Toronto, Canada ( June 27, 2001). The editor I placed a number of items on the branch’s
website; transcribed papers of Arthur Dobbs; proofread and indexed British records in
MARS; and made corrections, prepared illustrations, and completed typesetting for the
two soft- cover titles listed above. The word processor IV, promoted to an editor I,
entered, proofread, and indexed British Records in MARS; proofread extracts from
American and Scottish newspapers; and proofed and indexed the two soft- cover titles.
The new editor III coordinated the 2001 annual meeting of the Charter Corporation.
Branch staff continued compiling references to North Carolina in early newspapers,
thanks to a grant from the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati, whereby four
microfilmed newspapers were purchased. The Society also donated forty reels relating to
the RevolutionaryWar to the Colonial Records Project.
GENERAL PUBLICATIONS BRANCH
In the General Publications Branch, the editor III compiled and edited the Forty- eighth
Biennial Report of the North Carolina Division of Archives and History, July 1, 1998,
through June 30, 2000, edited and saw through press twelve issues of Carolina
Comments, and compiled its annual index. [ The subscription list has averaged 1,223.]
He co- edited Gold in History, Geology, and Culture: Collected Essays and assisted the
current administrator in seeing through press Sketches in North Carolina USA, 1872 to
1878: Vineyard Scenes by Mortimer 0. Heath. He also saw through press eleven
reprints, one map, and one poster; indexed three reprints; and proofread and edited
various brochures, calendars, and schedules for other sections within A& H. Both this
editor III and an editor II, whose position was in this branch during the first year of the
biennium, completed editing of North Carolina’s First Ladies, 1891- 2001, which was
published by the Executive Mansion Fine Arts Committee. The editor II also edited and
indexed Letters from a North Carolina Unionist: John A. Hedrick to Benjamin S.
Hedrick, 1862- 1865, aswell as the ninth edition of theGuide to North CarolinaHighway
Historical Markers. He continued work on Phantom Pain: Civil War Amputation and
North Carolina’s Maimed Veterans to be published in the next biennium. In addition he
attended the Institute for the Editing of Historical Documents in June 2002. An editor I
within the branch edited Randolph County: A Brief History, three titles to be reprinted,
andmiscellaneousA& Hdocuments. He also edited and wrote book reviews for, aswell
as indexed, the January and April issues of the Review.
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OFFICE OF STATE ARCHAEOLOGY
Stephen R. Claggett, State Archaeologist
TheOffice of StateArchaeology ( OSA) was redefined as a sectionwithinArchives and
History on January 1, 2001, after twenty- three years as a combined program with the
Historic PreservationOffice ( HPO). Thismove, accepted “ with favor” by the Historical
Commission, is intended to provide increased visibility and recognition for the
department’s archaeology programs, and to emphasize OSA’s central coordinating
functions within the division and generally within state government. It was the result of
an advisory Archaeology Task Force report to the director in 2000. An agreement
document prepared by the state archaeologist and the HPO administrator defined
OSA’s continued cooperation with the HPO on environmental review, National
Register, and preservation planning activities. The Queen Anne’s Revenge ( QAR)
project and the developing Archaeological Research Center were also cited as prime
factors for reinstating OSA’s section status. Nevertheless, for reasons directly tied to
the growing state budget crisis, major initiatives connected with that recognition were
put on indefinite hold. These include personnel classification upgrades to reflect new
administrative and supervisory responsibilities, equal organizational status with other
sections, and structural reorganization of OSA into branches and units. OSA budget
changeover also lagged past the recommended June 1, 2000, implementation date and
likely will not occur until the beginning of the 2003- 2004 fiscal year.
OSA successfully negotiated terms with the N. C. Department of Transportation
( NCDOT) for creation of a Geographic Information System ( GIS) to enhance review
capabilities and integrate other OSA databases ( reports, collections, maps, images) into
a system beneficial for improved access to, and use of, OSA data by other agencies and
the public. A pilot GIS study for six counties will begin the process, with discussions
for incorporating data from the remaining ninety- four counties already taking place.
Personnel actions included replacement of the OSA environmental review
technician position funded by NCDOT, and creation and hiring of a new archaeologist I/
curator for the QAR project. Despite inaction on the position reclassification front, OSA
staff drafted position descriptions for eventual submission to the Human Resources
Division. One unanticipated outcome from the Archaeology Task Force report was the
reassignment of the staff archaeologist from the Historic Sites Section to OSA in
October 2001. Integration of the Historic Sites archaeology collections, reports, and
files into the existing OSA structure, and assumption of responsibility for Sites
archaeology projects, are ongoing. The Raleigh OSA office enjoyed the assistance of
several interns, including students from UNC- Charlotte, North Carolina State
University ( NCSU), Meredith and Peace Colleges, and UNC- Greensboro. Each student
earned college credits while assisting OSA staff with records- and collections-management
tasks. Their assistance was especially helpful during times of short
budgets and burgeoning work loads. Adult and student volunteers likewise helped with
vital tasks; their contributions totaled over 3,500 hours of donated time.
The state archaeologist successfully petitioned the N. C. Natural Heritage Trust
Board in May 2000 for the purchase of the Hunting Creek Site in Davie County. That
action, like many others, was delayed by state budget woes, but on second application,
was successful the following spring. The state advisory committee approved the Queen
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Anne’s Revenge shipwreck site for listing on the National Register of Historic Places
( NRHP) in June, based on a nomination prepared by the QAR project team. Other
NRHP listings for archaeology included the CSS Neuse and the Adam Spach Rock
House in Davidson County. The committee added several other archaeological
properties to the NRHP study list as well.
OSA continued to improve its technology applications, with Web pages ( N. C.
Archaeology and QAR project) and systems for managing archaeology collections at
the Research Center and the UAB, plus a major upgrade of OSA’s environmental
review project tracking system. The latter has been extended to the entire HPO, to
promote an integrated approach to environmental project review and response, and as
part of the OSA/ HPO agreement noted above. Full implementation, including online
exchange of data between our several offices, is anticipated within the next year. Grant
projects for archaeology included support for the work of East Carolina University
( ECU) at the 10,000- year- old Barber Creek Site ( Pitt County); a survey of sites along the
Lower Cape Fear River ( Cumberland County); data collection for the Forsyth County
portion of the GIS systemthroughWake Forest University; and an archaeological survey
of outlying Moravian communities in the originalWachovia Tract.
Despite restricted travel budgets, OSA continued its tradition of technical assistance
to communities, universities, museums, educators, and the public. Over 878 site
inspections, reports, consultations, and meetings resulted. Some of the recipients of
OSAassistance included: N. C. MaritimeMuseum; Trading Path PreservationAssociation;
ECU; RaleighHousingAuthority; NCSU; N. C. Museum of Natural Sciences; Museum
of History; Division of State Parks; U. S. Forest Service; Alcoa/ APGI, Inc.; National
Park Service; Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians; and Natural Resource Conservation
Service. Many of the on- site consultations and site inspections performed by OSA staff
members were directly connected to environmental review, state permitting, or burial
and cemetery cases. Projects included the Raleigh area Triangle Transit Authority light
rail system; Macon County Airport expansion; Ravensford/ Great Smoky Mountains
National Park land exchange; N. C. National Guard facilities study; part of the Great
Wagon Road in Winston- Salem; and the U. S. Marine Corps Camp Lejeune site
mapping project. Many environmental review projects involved NCDOT- sponsored
work on bridge replacements or new highway construction, like the Western Wake
Expressway, Wilmington Bypass, and Wilson Bypass projects. Other archaeology
assistance has been extended to the Division of StateHistoric Sites, at locations including
the Chowan County Courthouse restoration, Town Creek Indian Mound, Bentonville
Battleground, Historic Stagville, and Historic Halifax.
A dramatic increase in permitting activity under the state Archaeological Resources
Protection Actmarked the period. Twelve new permitswere issued for projects on state
lands at UNC- Charlotte, UNC- Asheville, Western Carolina University, Tri- County
Community College, Tryon Palace, Fort Bragg; and the Doerschuk Site, licensed to the
department by Alcoa, Inc. State parks permits were most common, with surveys and
field school projects requiring permits at FortMacon, New River, Gorges, Jones Lake,
and Morrow Mountain Parks.
Other statistics ( including UAB) for the period include 112 field inspections of
prehistoric sites, shipwrecks, cemeteries, and other locations; 53 lectures, demonstrations,
and presentations to school groups; and 878 technical assistance cases. Environmental
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review cases for OSA included 5,298 non- NCDOT and 2,405 NCDOT projects ( total
7,703), a 79 percent increase over the last biennium that underscores the trend of ever-increasing
work loads, with stagnant staffing levels, and seriously declining budgets.
The ( revised) total number of archaeological sites in the OSA statewide inventory is
36,163, of which 23,209 ( 64 percent) are fully processed, mapped, and recorded.
Inventory numbers were assigned to 1,799 newly discovered archaeological sites, of
which 1,452 were recorded through compliance- related surveys across the state; 3,043
detailed site inventory forms were entered into the OSA’s inventory. Over 53,000 acres
( 83 square miles) were intensively examined for archaeological remains during these
projects, and 1,799 accession numbers were assigned to the artifact collections
recovered from state, federal, and locally sponsored undertakings. These figures mark
substantial increases in both volume and processing efficiency over the last biennium,
attributable to the great efforts put forth by OSA’s site registration and records
management staff.
UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY BRANCH
and QUEEN ANNE’S REVENGE SHIPWRECK PROJECT
Underwater Archaeology Branch ( UAB) staff, assisted by a host of other research
institutions, continued investigation of the shipwreck site at Beaufort Inlet thought to be
the remains of Blackbeard’s flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge ( QAR). In the fall of
2000, the UAB led a three- week expedition to the site that resulted in the complete
excavation of the area where a wooden hull structure had been recovered the previous
spring. The UAB returned to the site in May 2001 to recover a cannon concretion
( C- 22) and to install a permanent reference datum. During the fall of 2000 and again in
October 2001, project participants presented QAR Dive Live, an interactive Internet
broadcast that brought live video and audio of divers on the bottom to classrooms and
individuals throughout the state, nation, and world. Over eight thousand individuals,
half of them students, participated in the events.
Conservation of QAR artifacts continued at two facilities in Morehead City— the
Institute of Marine Science and Carteret Community College. In order to develop a
more permanent QAR laboratory, the Department of Cultural Resources entered into a
memorandum of agreement with ECU in May 2002 to establish a laboratory in the
former Voice of America complex near Greenville. In the fall of 2001, the department
received a $ 350,000 grant from the Save America’s Treasures program. The two- year
grant will be used for the treatment of artifacts already recovered from the QAR site.
During the reporting period, UAB staff participated in fifty- eight field projects and
sites inspections. Those projects included a search for the steamboat Mountain Lily in
the French Broad River near Brevard; a week- long investigation of the Confederate
armed schooner Black Warrior, and the recovery of a wooden gun carriage from that
site; a five- day survey of Civil War sites in the Roanoke River near Plymouth; the
recovery of a historic- period dugout canoe from the Tar River near Louisburg; the
investigation of a shipwreck thought to be the Civil War schooner Star in the Pungo
River; and assisting the research company Intersal, Inc., with the recovery of seven
eighteenth- century cannon from a site in Beaufort Inlet.
In June 2001, the UAB received an $ 8,000 grant from the American Battlefield
Protection Program of the National Park Service. Those funds have been used to contract
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with historian Lindley Butler to prepare a National Register of Historic Places Multiple
Property Nomination for fifteen CivilWar shipwrecks in the sounds and rivers of eastern
North Carolina. The UAB joined the American Academy of Underwater Scientists
( AAUS) inMarch 2002. Membership required amajor revision and update of theUAB’s
dive safety program and will give UAB divers reciprocity when diving with other AAUS
member institutions such as UNC- Wilmington, UNC- Chapel Hill, and ECU.
UAB staff presented papers at the 2000 meeting of the North Carolina Maritime
History Council, the 2001 Society for Historical Archaeology ( SHA) meeting in Long
Beach, California, the Sixth Maritime Heritage Conference ( October 2001), and the
2002 SHA meeting in Mobile, Alabama. In addition, branch staff participated in over
40 media interviews and gave 140 presentations and tours, attended by 4,286
individuals, to various school, civic, and professional groups. During the biennium,
66,368 visitors toured the underwater archaeology exhibit building at Fort Fisher, and
over 1,200 New Hanover and Pender Countymiddle school students participated in the
UAB’s educational outreach program, “ Hidden Beneath the Waves.” In conjunction
with the town of Carolina Beach and the Federal Point Historic Preservation Society,
the UAB in December 2001 dedicated a shoreside gazebo and interpretive exhibit on
the blockade- runner Beauregard.
UAB staff completed the renovation of the large- artifact shelter, where seven
cannon from site 0007BUI are currently undergoing conservation treatment.
Conservation lab staff also treated artifacts from other sites in Beaufort Inlet and
prepared artifacts for the new Fort Fisher Museum exhibit and other museums
throughout the state. During the biennium conservation lab staff, working with the
OSA laboratorymanager, developed and implemented the UAB/ OSA artifact database.
UAB staff responded to 229 requests for technical assistance and information.
Volunteers contributed 2,469 hours of their time assisting in all aspects of the UAB
program, especially the QAR shipwreck project. A total of 1,547 historic shipwrecks
were entered into the PRIME database system.
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STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
David Brook, Administrator
State Historic Preservation Office ( HPO) staff successfully maintained services while
responding to a wide range of program challenges, including budget cuts, burgeoning
work loads, and adaptation to a major reorganization of archaeological services within
the Office of Archives and History. The state’s budget crisis and the strong public
demand for services most affected HPO operations. In the first part of the biennium a
nearly $ 200,000 increase in our annual federal Historic Preservation Fund ( HPF)
allocation greatly expanded staff capacity to assist local preservation projects,
especially the initiation of long needed architectural surveys and the elimination of
delays in our review of historic tax credit applications. Yet, a swiftly deteriorating
economy in the past year on both the state and national level brought equally rapid
reductions in operational funding and about an 18 percent reduction inHPO staff by the
end of the period. Key positions frozen or lost included the Restoration Branch head,
architectural survey coordinator, and environmental review specialist for non-
Department of Transportation ( NCDOT) projects. In addition, the survey specialist
position for the twenty- five western counties was eliminated. Tomakematters worse in
terms of operational efficiency and consistency, all the remaining environmental
review positions except one were vacated and refilled.
At the same time the section’s case load increased as follows: National Register, 30
percent; environmental review, 30 percent; and tax credit reviews, 10 percent. Much of
the upsurge was fueled by the extremely popular income tax incentives for the
rehabilitation of historic structures that, beginning in 1998, led to a rush for National
Register designation. To keep vital core programs and services available to the public,
staff members have willingly taken on increased duties and new assignments. HPO
staff has also instituted efficiencies such as placing limits on the length of National
Register nominations, installing more program information and forms on the Web,
developing more efficient software and computerized tracking systems for
environmental review, and increasing the use of e- mail. Nonessential tasks such as
public speaking engagements were curtailed. In addition, at the suggestion of staff, the
National Register Advisory Committee reduced its number of meetings from four to
three annually in an effort to lessen staff administrative duties and to cut costs.
In the first year of the period and after much planning, the status of the Office of
State Archaeology ( OSA) as a branch of the HPO came to an end after twenty- three
years of unified service. With the acceleration of programmatic demands by the Queen
Anne’s Revenge project and the institution of the Archaeological Research Center, the
OSA needed separate section status in order to expand to its new level of operation and
responsibilities. Through amemorandum of agreement between the two sections, OSA
continued to provide vital archaeological services in the program areas of National
Register and environmental review. Moreover, staffs of both sections cooperated in a
lengthy study leading to a plan to upgrade environmental tracking systems.
Even with program cutbacks and restructuring, the HPO made significant strides in
service. For instance, although the number of new tax credit projects increased just over
10 percent from the prior biennium, the total estimated rehabilitation expenditures
jumped 74 percent, from $ 155.3million to $ 270.9million. That increase is a tremendous
economic boost to Tar Heel historic neighborhoods and business districts. We continued
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to expand our minority outreach by supporting the programs of the North Carolina
Rosenwald Schools Community Project, an organization devoted to preserving the
heritage of the state’s public schools built for African American students in the early
twentieth century by the Julius Rosenwald Fund. In addition, through 814 consultations
the HPO continued to build the planning and preservation capacity of local governments
by training and advising members and staffs of the state’s more than eighty local
historic preservation commissions.
Finally, significantmilestones occurred in the retirements of two key staffmembers
who helped build the HPO through the years. CatherineWard Bishir retired in January
2002 after thirty- one years of service. Ms. Bishir served in important administrative
capacities including head of the Survey and Planning Branch and architectural survey
coordinator. She also authored a number of distinguished works on North Carolina
architectural history. In July 2002, A. L. Honeycutt Jr. retired after forty- four years of
service. Mr. Honeycutt was head of the Restoration Branch and had served in that
capacity since its organization in 1975. He was instrumental in developing North
Carolina’s leading restoration services program and in implementing the state’s tax-credit
program for the rehabilitation of certified historic structures.
ADMINISTRATION
Environmental Review
The environmental review coordinator and staff processed approximately 4,875
projects for review and comment pursuant to state and federal laws in the first year of
the biennium and 4,255 in the second, for a total of 9,130. The modest decrease in
projects in the second year reflected the downturn in the state’s economy, consolidation
within the cellular communications industry, and the winding down of recovery efforts
following Hurricanes Fran and Floyd. Even so, the case load was 30 percent greater
than that of the prior biennium. Because of tremendous turnover in the environmental
review staff, vacancies, and sustained highwork load, staff developed forms for several
types of reviews and posted them on the HPO’s website. To further streamline the
review process and to incorporate changes in the Section 106 regulations, the HPO
revised its standardized response paragraphs.
Although no National Register- listed schools were abandoned during the reporting
period, the number of schools fifty years old and older, slated either for abandonment or
demolition, increased significantly. This trend is likely to continue as school districts
respond to the increase in student population with local bond issues to build new
schools. In Wake County the board of education organized a task force of local
historical societies, Capital Area Preservation, the city and county preservation
commissions, and the HPO to identify ways to reduce controversy over changes to
historic neighborhood schools and the siting of new suburban schools.
Federal and state- funded projects by the NCDOT continued to affect historic
resources and require extensive consultation. These included seven bridge replacements
and projects impacting archaeological sites that required memorandums of agreement,
plus technical assistance for several transportation enhancement grants to rehabilitate
historic train stations for continued use or conversion to visitor centers, museums, and
community centers. Amemorandum of agreementwas also entered into for the FEDEX
hub at the Piedmont Triad Airport.
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The U. S. Army at Fort Bragg and U. S. Marine Corps at Camp Lejeune demolished
historic buildings as part of their space reduction programs or to construct new
facilities. Both bases are working to develop programmatic agreements to address their
many historic buildings and sites. Rather than demolish its historic buildings, Pope Air
Force Base undertook the rehabilitation of its large World War II double hanger and
senior officer housing. Preservation issues were also prominent along the Outer Banks
with the state taking ownership of the historic Ocracoke and Oregon Inlet Coast Guard
Stations, theWildlife Resources Commission proposing a major educational center on
the grounds of the National Register- listed Whalehead Club, and the National Park
Service planning to transfer the Corolla Beach Lighthouse under the National Historic
Lighthouse Preservation Act.
Historic Preservation Fund Grants
The $ 898,680 federal FY 2001 Historic Preservation Fund ( HPF) allocation to North
Carolina supported a total of $ 132,980 in Certified and non- Certified Local
Government grants. Sixteen Certified Local Governments ( CLGs) were granted a total
of $ 94,580, and $ 38,400 was distributed among eight non- CLG projects. In contrast,
the FY 2002 HPF allocation to the state was $ 746,638, or 17 percent less than the
previous year. The HPO awarded a total of $ 75,000 to nine CLG projects and did not
fund any non- CLGrequests. The FY2002 $ 75,000 grant award to local governments is
a 44 percent drop from the previous year���s total. The HPO received no state legislative
appropriations for local grants during the biennium. For a list of the FY 2001 and FY
2002 grant- funded local projects, please refer to Appendix 10.
Publications
During the biennium, senior architectural historian Catherine Bishir and senior
historian Michael Southern completed the manuscript of A Guide to the Historic
Architecture of Piedmont North Carolina, to be published by the University of North
Carolina Press in the spring of 2003. The book is the third and final volume in a series of
field guides to the state’s historic architecture that includes previously published books
on eastern North Carolina ( 1996) and western North Carolina ( 1999).
SURVEY AND PLANNING BRANCH
Despite sharp budget cut- backs and resultant staff reductions during the biennium, the
Survey and Planning Branch met a steadily rising demand for services as it
administered an unusually large number of architectural survey projects, reviewed and
processed 30 percentmoreNational Register nominations than in the previous biennium,
and assisted a growing number of local preservation commissions. Improved efficiency
resulting from ongoing efforts to streamline operations was an important factor in the
branch’s ability to meet these daunting challenges.
In 2000, an unexpected increase in federal historic preservation grants to the HPO
boosted efforts to complete the first sweep of the statewide architectural survey and to
update surveys initially conducted in the 1970s and early 1980s. The Richmond County
survey was completed, bringing the number of the state’s comprehensively surveyed
counties to sixty- four, and comprehensive surveys were begun in Harnett, Rockingham,
andWatauga Counties. A survey of Roanoke Island and the Outer Banks of Currituck
and Dare Counties, and an update of the Alamance County survey also got under way.
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A number of cities and towns had major survey update projects, including Fayetteville
andHigh Point, begun in the previous bienniumand completed in 2001; Morehead City
and Swansboro, undertaken in 2000- 2001 with local funding; and Chapel Hill and
Concord, begun in 2001 and nearing completion. InWilmington, a series of three survey
update projects ( two of which began in the previous biennium and were completed in
2000 and 2001) will result early in the next biennium in a National Register nomination
for an expansion of theWilmington Historic District, making it by far the state’s largest
National Register district, with more than four thousand properties. Thematic surveys
begun earlier and completed during this reporting period include a study of
Mecklenburg County’s industrial and educational properties, post- World War II
construction in Charlotte, and African American resources in Gaston County.
Two architectural survey publications were released during the biennium: The
Architecture of Warren County, North Carolina, 1770s to 1860s, by Kenneth
McFarland; and a second, revised edition of The Architecture of Rowan County: A
Catalogue and History of Surviving 18th, 19th, and Early 20th Century Structures,
written by Davyd Foard Hood and first published in 1983. Those books are based on
surveys supported by the HPO. Staff also oversaw manuscript preparation for the
forthcoming publication of the survey of Cleveland County.
The ongoing project to facilitate use of survey data by creating computerized county
indexes of the more than 80,000 survey files maintained by the branch continued with
production of indexes for five counties ( Cumberland, Franklin, Granville, Greene, and
Rockingham) and updating of existing indexes, necessitated by the completion of
recent survey projects, in Beaufort, Carteret, Cleveland, Gaston, Mecklenburg, New
Hanover, and Richmond Counties. The large number of survey and National Register
historic district nomination projects conducted in 2000- 2002 was responsible for the
marked increase in the output of the staff photographer and the photography clerk and
interns: 1,778 rolls of photographic film processed ( an increase of almost 34 percent
over the previous biennium); 6,418 photographic prints made for National Register
nominations and publications; and 34,923 negatives prepared for accessioning by the
State Archives ( an increase of almost 59 percent).
National Register of Historic Places program activity continued to grow with the
listing of 148 properties in 61 counties, as compared to 114 listings in 53 counties during
the previous period. This 30 percent increase in listings follows the 48 percent increase of
the 1998- 2000 biennium and is attributable in large part to the continuing popularity of
the state’s historic preservation tax credit program. Major nomination projects of key
districts and properties were completed for the municipalities of Albemarle, Blowing
Rock, Charlotte, Clinton, Durham, Elkin, Forest City, Gastonia, Greensboro,
Hendersonville, Highlands, Hillsborough, Kings Mountain, Liberty, Princeville, Raleigh,
Sanford, Siler City, Snow Hill, and Winston- Salem. The period also saw several
significant nominations for rural areas, including the Cowee- West’sMill Historic District
in Macon County; the Green Level, New Hill, andWalnut Hill historic districts inWake
County; and the Averasboro Battlefield Historic District in Cumberland and Harnett
Counties. The number of properties and districts submitted for placement on the National
Register Study List remained high at 322, with 135 submitted by the public and 187 by
consultants at the conclusion of architectural surveys. Finally, in regard to registration
activity, the National Park Service gave particular honor to state historic resources by
designating as National Historic Landmarks the Bethania Historic District in Forsyth
County and the Wright Brothers National Memorial Visitor Center in Dare County.
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Division of Historical Resources
The local preservation commission coordinator’s 814 consultations with the state’s
local historic preservation commissions, an 8 percent rise over the previous reporting
period, testify to the state’s strong grass- roots interest in preserving the special character
of historic landmarks and districts. The establishment of new commissions in Black
Mountain, Cornelius, Louisburg, and Mooresville, coupled with a dramatic rise in the
number of local designation reports reviewed by staff— 110 reports, or 80 percentmore
than in 1998- 2000— also attests to this interest. The governments of Eden, Edenton,
Thomasville, and Waynesville were certified as meeting the criteria for local
preservation commissions set forth by the National Historic Preservation Amendments
Act of 1980, bringing to 56 the total number of active Certified Local Governments
( CLGs). ( A map and list of CLGs can be found in Appendix 11.)
The 12 percent reduction in staff consultations, from 10,253 in 1998- 2000 to 9,058
in the current biennium, largely reflects position vacancies. Severe budget constraints
that restricted travel led to sharp declines in field visits to historic properties by staff,
from 467 to 290, a drop of 38 percent, and in lectures and publicmeetings on the state’s
preservation programs and aspects of North Carolina architecture, which decreased 27
percent, from 119 to 87. In contrast, staff review of Part 1 applications for certifications
of buildings as historic properties under the federal historic preservation investment tax
credit program rose 16 percent, to 131.
Statewide events conducted by staff included a training session for the North
Carolina National Register Advisory Committee in February 2002. Melinda Coleman
coordinated the 2001 statewide conference for local historic preservation commissions,
which was co- sponsored by the city of Asheville. Ms. Coleman also coordinated a
training conference for local preservation commission staff, held in Raleigh in
December 2001. Severalmembers of the staff continued the branch’s traditional role of
helping to coordinate tracks and deliver presentations at Preservation North Carolina’s
annual meetings, held in New Bern in 2000 and in Statesville in 2001.
Also during the biennium, branch staff worked closely with the N. C. Rosenwald
Schools Community Project ( RSCP), an organization devoted to preserving the
heritage of the state’s public schools built for African American students between the
late 1910s and early 1930s with financial assistance from the Julius Rosenwald Fund.
Ann Swallow conducted an informal roundtable on the National Register program at
the regional conference sponsored by the RSCP in Charlotte in April 2001. In April
2002, Claudia Brown assisted the RSCP in coordinating a two- day event in Raleigh
recognizingWake County’s Rosenwald schools, at which Ms. Brown and Nancy Van
Dolsen made presentations. Also with the RSCP, the branch began coordinating a
statewide survey of Rosenwald schools conducted by volunteers.
RESTORATION BRANCH
Only one project, the HoyleHouse inGaston County, received a federal Certified Local
Government ( CLG) grant for developmental restoration work during the biennium ( FY
2001). Grant recipients requested and received technical services offered by restoration
specialists and preservation architects. Ongoing state grant- in- aid projects, CLG, and
non- CLG grant projects were monitored a total of 707 times. Technical information was
given 654 times to project architects, contractors, and local preservation groups. See
Appendix 12 for more detailed information on these and other projects.
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Division of Historical Resources
31
Branch staff reviewed plans and specifications 94 times for 50 state- owned
properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places under G. S. 121- 12( a), and
provided technical services 446 times for 101 state- owned properties. Many of the
state- owned building projects required a considerable amount of staff time, including
the State Capitol and the Leonidas Polk House in Raleigh; the Chowan County
Courthouse in Edenton; Fort Macon at Atlantic Beach; the Somerset Place plantation
complex in Washington County; the Tryon Palace complex in New Bern; the North
Carolina School for Science and Math campus and McLean Hall at North Carolina
Central University, both in Durham; and the Thomas Wolfe House in Asheville.
Staff reviewed plans and specifications 235 times for 152 environmental review
projects, and technical information was provided a total of 643 times for 184 projects.
The review and advising of projects at Pope Air Force Base and Fort Bragg in
Cumberland County, and Camp Lejeune in Onslow County involved much staff time.
Staff also reviewed and offered advice on several projects involving historic train
depots, including those in Greensboro, High Point, Hamlet, Rockingham, Rowland,
Selma, and Wilson. Other environmental review projects included the Imperial
Tobacco Center in Rocky Mount, the Glencoe Mill Village in Alamance County, and
the Chicamacomico Lifesaving Station in Dare County.
The branch reviewed 133 proposed income- producing historic rehabilitation projects
with a total estimated rehabilitation cost of $ 205,611,312, and 82 completed projects
with a total estimated cost of $ 101,024,482. In comparison, the restoration branch
reviewed 152 proposed projects with an estimated expenditure of $ 130,388,068, and 82
completed projects with a total estimated cost of $ 62,472,129 during the last biennium.
Information and application packets on the federal and state income- producing tax credits
were sent to 720 historic property owners and developers in 84 counties.
In addition, the branch reviewed 294 proposed non- income- producing historic
rehabilitation tax credit projects with a total estimated rehabilitation cost of $ 65,255,428,
and 152 completed projects with a total cost of $ 17,118,902. This was an increase from
236 proposed projects, with an estimated expenditure of $ 24,950,116, reviewed during
the last period. Information and application packets on the state non- income- producing
tax credit were sent to 966 historic property owners in 80 counties. For a complete
listing of historic preservation tax credit projects, see Appendix 13.
The Restoration Branch employed two intern architects, Anne Raines and Eric
Leland, from May to December 2001, to assist the tax credit coordinators with the
backlog of application reviews. Local consultation services for municipal and county
government agencies, non- profit organizations, and private individuals continued to be
an important work item for restoration specialists, preservation architects, and the
branch head, despite increased work loads in other areas. Technical advice was
provided a total of 16,092 times on state and federal grant projects, state- owned and
environmental review projects, preservation tax credit projects, and local consultation
projects in 97 counties. This represented an increase of 15 percent in consultations from
14,007 times in all 100 counties reported during the last biennium. The senior preservation
architect reviewed six historic properties subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act
( ADA) accessibility guidelines, and advised ADA- related projects twenty- four times.
During the biennium, branch staff gave fifty- eight workshops, talks, and slide
lectures to local preservation organizations, historic district commissions, downtown
Division of Historical Resources
revitalization organizations, and other interested groups. Twenty- three tax credit
workshops were also conducted, including those held in Ahoskie, Creswell, Durham,
Farmville, Greensboro, Greenville, Halifax County, Hickory, New Bern, Raleigh,
Reidsville, Research Triangle Park, Robersonville, Williamston, andWinston- Salem, as
well as a presentation on tax credits at theHistoric PreservationCommissionworkshop in
Sanford.
EASTERN OFFICE
In October 2000, longtime employee Stan Little was transferred to the N. C.
TransportationMuseum in Spencer. His vacated position, office assistant III, one of the
original positions assigned to the Eastern Office in 1983, was lost to budgetary cuts. In
addition, the office lost three staff members stationed in the Eastern Office from sister
agencies when David Minor ( computer technology, Office of the Secretary), KaeLi
Spiers ( recordsmanager, Archives and Records Section), and Billy Allen ( microfilmer,
Archives and Records Section) were recalled to Raleigh. This left the Eastern Office
with only four full- time positions. Temporary employee Raymetta Stancil filled in as
the office assistant until the fall of 2001 when all departmental temporary staffmembers
were let go. This biennium has been a time of reduced staff, mounting work loads, and
rearrangement of priorities.
As budgetary concerns dominated the period, adjustments were made to complete
routine and special projects. Public requests were again received from all twenty- three
counties in the eastern territory with a steady increase inNational Register inquiries and
restoration consultations. Several National Register historic district projects and
expansions have encouraged new tax act projects.
The lack of grant funding because of the budgetary crisis has prevented any county
survey projects from being initiated in the region. Several architectural survey
publication projects were begun, however, with private funds. Those publication
projects include the Greene County survey and the Hyde County survey. Jones County
has yet to begin its survey publication, but the local historical society has started
discussions with a consultant.
Restoration projects continued to demand much staff time in the Eastern Office.
The Old Beaufort Courthouse in Carteret County— a project begun in 1999— was
completed and dedicated with much fanfare in 2001. The project was supervised by
JohnWood and won an American Association of State and Local History Preservation
Award. Wood also assisted with the restoration of the former Grainger High School in
Kinston, Lenoir County, that combined money from both HUD and Community
Development block grants, as well as restoration tax credits, to produce a showcase for
low- income housing for the elderly. Reid Thomas oversaw the reconstruction of the
kitchen building at Gov. David Stone’s home, Hope Plantation in Bertie County.
Another award- winning project, the kitchen building, was dedicated in the fall of 2001
with the state’s First Lady Mary Easley as the featured speaker.
The biennium ended on a positive notewith Reid Thomas being awarded aQuinque
Fellowship to study building conservation in Scotland from May through July 2002.
Mr. Thomas traveled throughout Scotland studying building technology under
extraordinary organizations such as Historic Scotland and the National Trust for
Scotland. The trip included a week at West Dean College in southern England for a
restoration course on timber framing.
32
Division of Historical Resources
WESTERN OFFICE
John L. Beaver, Regional Supervisor
TheWestern Office assisted with planning and implementing the annualmeeting of the
North Caroliniana Society, held at the North Carolina Arboretum near Asheville on
June 16, 2001. This was the first time the meeting had been held outside Chapel Hill.
The Society honored Wilma Dykeman for her contributions to North Carolina’s
historical and cultural heritage. The office also provided assistance to Friends of
Mountain History, and the regional supervisor served on its board of directors. Friends
of Mountain History awards seed grants to historical and cultural groups in western
North Carolina. As of July 2002, a total of thirteenmatching grants had been completed
or were ongoing. Harrah’s in Cherokee awarded the Friends a $ 25,000 challenge grant;
another grant in the same amount was received from AdvantageWest.
The Western Office continued to coordinate National History Day regional
competitions, held atA. C. Reynolds High School in Asheville in 2001 and at Cherokee
Middle School in Cherokee in 2002. Office staff assisted with recruitment, registration,
awards, judging, and logistics. The program is designed to promote interest in history
among students and to encourage them to develop skills in historical research and
presentation.
Assistance was provided to the Carl Sandburg National Historic Site in Flat Rock
concerning development of a comprehensive management plan. Staff members from
theWestern Office were recognized by the Historic Burke Foundation at the dedication
of Quaker Meadows in Morganton for their ongoing help with the restoration project.
Plans for theOteen Center project are being reviewed as new sources of funding are
investigated. Originally the project was to be funded fromRepair and Renovation funds
allocated during the 1999 General Assembly session. These funds were cut to aid flood
victims in eastern North Carolina, and no additionalmoneywas provided for the project
during later sessions.
Office staff was saddened by the retirement of J. Ronald Holland in June 2001. He
had served as director of the Western Office since its formation in 1978. John Beaver
was promoted to regional supervisor in October 2001.
ARCHIVES AND RECORDS
The analyst conducted 374 records management and micrographic consultations
including 171 site visits. He provided assistance with the maintenance of micrographic
systems and the security microfilming of records to over thirty county and municipal
agencies. Before being transferred back to Raleigh in mid- 2001, the field- microfilmer
position assigned to theWestern Office filmed approximately 291,000 pages of county
and municipal records scheduled for permanent preservation. This included records
from the City of Asheville ( Buncombe County), the towns ofBiltmore Forest ( Buncombe
County), Dallas ( Gaston County), West Jefferson ( Ashe County), and High Shoals
( GastonCounty), and the registers of deeds offices of Alleghany, Cherokee, Mitchell, and
Transylvania Counties. The analyst provided records retention and disposition assistance
to various county and municipal agencies, including Buncombe County Sheriff’s
Department, Gaston County Police Department, Shelby City Schools ( Cleveland
County), Henderson County Health Department, Swain County Department of Social
Division of Historical Resources
Services, the Town ofMaiden ( Catawba County), and the Land of Sky Regional Council
of Government ( Buncombe County). He presented four records management
workshops attended by approximately ninety county andmunicipal employees. He also
assisted with projects to update records retention schedules for local boards of
elections, county departments of social services, and veterans’ affairs agencies.
In the area of archival services, the analyst provided assistance regarding the
arrangement, description, and/ or preservation of collections under the care of the
Episcopal Diocese of Western North Carolina ( Buncombe County), the First Baptist
Church of Forest City ( Rutherford County), the Transylvania County Historic Properties
Commission, the Cherokee County Historical Museum, the Southern Highlands Craft
Guild ( Buncombe County), the Swannanoa Valley Museum ( Buncombe County), Six
Associates Architectural Firm ( Buncombe County), the Lincoln County Historical
Museum, Mars Hill College ( Madison County), the Jackson County Genealogical
Society, Historic Johnson Farm ( Henderson County), the University of North Carolina
at Asheville ( UNC- A), and the Black Mountain College Museum and Arts Center
( Buncombe County). He assisted the Interlibrary Cooperation Committee of the State
Library Commission with a statewide project to increase access to unique local
collections of archival materials, and he continued to serve as chairman of the
Appalachian Consortium’s Regional Collections Committee. He also agreed to serve a
one- year term as president of the Mountain Area Cultural Resources Emergency
Network and to participate as a judge in regionalHistory Day competitions. He spoke to
classes atUNC- A on using local history resources, assisted with aworkshop on disaster
response and recovery held in Asheville, and spoke at a genealogy conference inMacon
County on preserving historical family records. He also assisted with the transfer of
approximately eighty- five cubic feet of court records from Burke, Mitchell, and
Transylv
Object Description
Description
| Title | Biennial report of the North Carolina Office of Archives and History. |
| Other Title | Biennial report of the Office of Archives and History; Biennial report, Office of Archives and History |
| Date | 2003; * |
| Description | July 1, 2000- June 30, 2002 |
| Digital Characteristics-A | 3,68 KB; 317 p. |
| Digital Format |
application/pdf |
| Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_borndigital\images_master\ |
| Full Text | BIENNIAL REPORT OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY July 1, 2000- June 30, 2002 TOP LEFT: New titles issued by the Historical Publications Section during the biennium included Guide to North Carolina Highway Historical Markers, ninth edition ( 2001), edited by Michael Hill, Research Branch supervisor. The cover shows the Thomas Wolfe Memorial State Historic Site. BOTTOM LEFT: This exhibit from the shipwreck believed to be the Queen Anne’s Revenge, Blackbeard’s flagship, is located at the North Carolina Maritime Museum at Beaufort. The display includes cannonballs, navigation instruments, pewter plates, and gold flakes. TOP RIGHT: The restored Southern Railway diesel locomotive No. 6133, built in 1950 by General Motors, still handles on- site passenger trains from time to time at the North Carolina Transportation Museum. Here the locomotive pulls a string of cabooses at the museum. CENTER RIGHT: This photograph of John F. Kennedy in the Oval Office was one of sixty- one artworks comprising Portraits of the Presidents from the National Portrait Gallery. The traveling exhibition appeared at the North Carolina Museum of History from June 21 through September 14, 2002. BOTTOM RIGHT: Judges from the staff of the Office of Archives and History examine exhibits of senior division students at North Carolina History Day. FORTY- NINTH BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE NORTH CAROLINA OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY July 1, 2000 through June 30, 2002 Raleigh Office of Archives and History North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources 2003 © 2003 by the North Carolina Office of Archives and History All rights reserved NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES LISBETH C. EVANS Secretary OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY JEFFREY J. CROW Deputy Secretary DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES DAVID J. OLSON Director DIVISION OF STATE HISTORIC SITES KAY P. WILLIAMS Director DIVISION OF STATE HISTORY MUSEUMS ELIZABETH F. BUFORD Director NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL COMMISSION JERRY C. CASHION ( 2007) Chairman ALAN D. WATSON ( 2003) Vice Chairman EMERITI: N. J. Crawford, H. G. Jones, William S. Powell Millie M. Barbee ( 2003) B. Perry Morrison Jr. ( 2005) Freddie L. Parker ( 2007) Paul D. Escott ( 2007) Janet N. Norton ( 2005) Margaret Supplee Smith ( 2007) Mary Hayes Holmes ( 2005) Gail W. O’Brien ( 2005) Max R. Williams ( 2003) CONTENTS Deputy Secretary’s Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Division ofHistorical Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Archives and Records Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Historical Publications Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Office of StateArchaeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 StateHistoric PreservationOffice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 WesternOffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Division of StateHistoric Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Capitol Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 North Carolina TransportationMuseum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 NortheasternHistoric Sites Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 PiedmontHistoric Sites Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Roanoke Island Festival Park · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 51 SoutheasternHistoric Sites Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 WesternHistoric Sites Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Division of StateHistoryMuseums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 North CarolinaMuseumofHistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Mountain Gateway Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Museumof theAlbemarle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Museumof the Cape FearHistorical Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 North Carolina Maritime Museum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Appendixes ADMINISTRATION 1. TheNorth CarolinaHistorical Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 2. Appropriations and Expenditures, July 1, 2000- June 30, 2002 . . . 88 3. Appropriations and Expenditures, 1952- 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4. Roster of Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 5. Publications of StaffMembers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6. Complete List of Publications Issued by the Office ofArchives andHistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES 7. NewHighwayHistoricalMarkersApproved. . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 8. Accessions by theArchives and Records Section . . . . . . . . . . 126 9. UnderwaterArchaeology Permits Issued. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 10. Historic Preservation FundGrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 11. Certified Local Governments in North Carolina as of June 30, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 12. Technical Preservation Services Rendered · · · · · · · · · · · · · 220 13. Historic Preservation Tax Credit Projects Reviewed. . . . . . . . 224 14. North Carolina Properties Listed on the National Register 260 15. Survey and Planning Branch Activity by County 267 DIVISION OF STATE HISTORIC SITES 16. Accessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 17. Attendance at StateHistoric Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 18. Special Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 19. Contributions of Time and Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 20. USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial Revenue . . . . . . . . 281 21. Planning and Construction Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 22. Unpublished Archaeological, Historical, and Technical Reports . 282 23. Roanoke Island Commission Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 24. Tryon Palace CommissionMembers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 25. USS North Carolina Battleship Commission Members . . . . . . 286 DIVISION OF STATE HISTORY MUSEUMS 26. Accessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 27. Public Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 28. Exhibits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 29. Consultations and TechnicalAssistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Biennial Report Office of Archives and History July 1, 2000- June 30, 2002 Administrative Organization Office of Archives and History North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources June 30, 2002 Deputy Secretary Archives and History Jeffrey J. Crow Director David J. Olson Director Kay P. Williams Director Elizabeth F. Buford Division of Historical Resources Administration Federation of N. C. Historical Societies Research Branch Archives and Records Section Historical Publications Section Office of State Archaeology State Historic Preservation Office Western Office Division of State History Museums N. C. Museum of History ( Raleigh) Mountain Gateway Museum Museum of the Albemarle Museum of the Cape Fear N. C. MaritimeMuseum ( Beaufort) Roanoke Island Southport Division of State Historic Sites Capitol Section North Carolina Transportation Museum Northeastern Historic Sites Section Piedmont Historic Sites Section Roanoke Island Festival Park Southeastern Historic Sites Section USS North Carolina Western Historic Sites Section BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE OFFICE OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY July 1, 2000- June 30, 2002 Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary During the 2000- 2002 biennium, the venerable Division of Archives and History underwent more thoroughgoing and fundamental change than at any time since the reorganization of state government in 1971. At that time the independent Department of Archives and History became a division within the Department of Art, Culture, and History ( subsequently Cultural Resources). In 2001 an internal reorganization of Archives and History realigned programs along more functional chains of command. That internal change occurred under the lengthening shadow of a budget crisis in state government that threatened to approach the depths of the Great Depression. Shortly after being appointed secretary of the Department of Cultural Resources by newly elected governorMichael F. Easley in 2001, Lisbeth C. Evans asked the director of Archives and History to chart the reorganization of all historical resources within the department. She had headed the transition team that studied the Department of Cultural Resources. Secretary Evans envisioned an organization that reflected the three chief missions of the department: history, arts, and libraries. Moreover, the secretary wanted the head of the historical programs to be a deputy secretary. In truth, reorganization was long overdue. During three decades of existence within the Department of Cultural Resources, the Division of Archives and History had developed a number of awkward reporting relationships. A fresh look was needed. With the approval of the secretary, the director designed three new divisions. The Division of Historical Resources retained the following sections: Archives and Records; Historical Publications; Historic Preservation Office; and the Office of State Archaeology. In addition, the Research Branch and Western Office continued to report to David J. Olson, formerly deputy director of Archives and History, and now director of the new Division of Historical Resources. The Division of State Historic Sites included the old Historic Sites Section, plus Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens; the USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial; and Roanoke Island Festival Park. The State Capitol and Historic Stagville also were added to this division. Kay P. Williams, administrator of Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens, assumed additional responsibilities as division director. The Division of State HistoryMuseums remained the same except to absorb the North CarolinaMaritimeMuseumand its branchmuseums. Elizabeth F. Buford, director of the North CarolinaMuseum of History and former deputy secretary of the Department of Cultural Resources, became the director of the new Division of State History Museums. Two other changes grew out of the reorganization. The Division of Archives and History received a new title as the Office of Archives and History. Similarly, the director of Archives and History became the deputy secretary of Archives and History. All of the changes were approved by the Governor’s Office, the Joint Committee on Governmental Operations in the General Assembly, and the North Carolina Historical Commission. Working with the Attorney General’s Office, the new deputy secretary prepared technical corrections to the statutes governing the re- titled Office of Archives and History, principally G. S. 121, G. S. 143B- 62, and G. S. 160A. At the end of the reporting period, those changes awaited approval by the General Assembly. Early in 2001 it became clear that the revenues in state government were not keeping pace with expenditures. An economic slowdown nationally as well as the loss of thousands of manufacturing jobs within North Carolina created a budget crisis unprecedented since the Great Depression. The governor imposed Draconian spending restrictions. Essentially, state agencies were told not to travel, not to hire, and not to purchase except in the most critical instances. In both years of the biennium, the effects were dramatic. Scores of temporary employees who helped keep historic sites, museums, and the StateArchives open onweekends were laid off. Hourswere reduced. Vacant positions went unfilled. Funds for repairs and renovations were reverted. Maintenance contractswere not renewed. Even before theGeneral Assemblymet in the spring of 2002, state agencies were asked to identify budget cuts of between 7 and 11 percent. At the end of the reporting period, the final figure appeared to be 8 percent. That necessitated the elimination of twenty- three vacant positions and a reduction in force of four other employees. Since 1991, Archives and History had reduced its operating budget every fiscal year. When compounded with an 8 percent cut in a single year, the overall effect was devastating. Particularly hard hit was the Historic Preservation Office. At a time of increasing demands for mandated services such as environmental review, National Register nominations, and rehabilitation tax credits, the Historic Preservation Office lost the services of a historic preservationist in the Western Office in Asheville, environmental review specialists, and the National Register survey coordinator. A four- to- six- month backlog of National Register nominations accumulated. But the Archives and Records Section, historic sites, and museums also suffered from the loss of positions and operating expenses. Each program had to determine what core missions and services it could continue to provide. Despite such budgetary problems and obstacles, the staff of Archives and History persevered. The reports that follow from the three new divisions provide ample evidence of the commitment and dedication of the staff. Some of the highlights of the biennium included the following. In the area of commemorations with national implications, the Office of Archives and History helped manage the selection of the design for the North Carolina quarter. Under the auspices of the United States Mint, each state was asked to select a design that best represents its history and culture. The coins are released in the order in which the states joined the Union. In early 2001, Governor Easley and Secretary Evans presided over the release of the North Carolina quarter, featuring a depiction of the Wright brothers’ first flight at Kitty Hawk in 1903. On October 3, 2000, the Thomas Wolfe Memorial hosted ceremonies commemorating the centennial of the Asheville author’s birth. That same day the United States Postal Service released a new stamp with Thomas Wolfe’s image. Late in 2000 the Department of Public Instruction announced its intention to drop the teaching of North Carolina history from the eighth- grade curriculum and substitute a global studies approach. In response to the threat to ongoing programs of the Division of Archives and History, and for the preservation of state history generally, the director organized a “ Committee to Save North Carolina History in the Public Schools.” 2 Deputy Secretary’s Report Dr. W. Keats Sparrow, dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at East Carolina University, agreed to chair the committee. The committee met with administrators in theDepartment of Public Instruction, mounted a letter- writing campaign, and published op- ed pieces in newspapers statewide. The campaign worked. In April 2001 the State Board of Education voted to retain North Carolina history as a discrete subject in the eighth- grade social studies curriculum, as it had been since the early 1940s. Progress continued on the shipwreck of what is believed to be Queen Anne’s Revenge, Blackbeard’s flagship. A $ 350,000 matching federal grant from the Save America’s Treasures program helped conserve more than ten thousand artifacts brought up from the underwater site in Beaufort Inlet. The Office of Archives and History also reached an agreement with East Carolina University to move the laboratory for the Queen Anne’s Revenge project to Greenville because of limited space and resources in Beaufort and Morehead City. Various parts of the program expanded the emphasis on African American history. The Historical Publications Section published the second, revised edition of A History of African Americans in North Carolina. Somerset Place State Historic Site held another homecoming for the descendants of white and black residents of the antebellum plantation. In addition, it began reconstruction of various parts of the slave quarters. The Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum observed the centennial of the founding of Palmer Memorial Institute. With grantmoney, Tryon PalaceHistoric Sites& Gardenswas able to hire an African American history coordinator for two years. Important strides at other historic sites and museums included a new exhibit at Fort Fisher State Historic Site and the Portraits of the Presidents from the National Portrait Gallery exhibit at the North Carolina Museum of History. The new exhibit at Fort Fisher replaced the one first installed during the 1960s. The Smithsonian’s traveling exhibition of presidential portraits toured the nation for the first time, visiting several presidential libraries and museums. Neither exhibit would have been possible without private fund- raising from support groups such as the Fort Fisher Restoration Committee and the North Carolina Museum of History Associates. In the area of technology, the Office of Archives andHistorymade impressive gains in developing the depth and utility of its website on the Internet. Parts of the website are available in Spanish. The State Archives also partnered with the State Library to digitize important records series and to participate in the NC ECHO ( North Carolina Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) project. In many respects North Carolina remains a leader in the field of public history. Programs in other states are suffering even worse reductions in this season of budgetary crisis. North Carolinians are proud of their heritage. Heritage tourism has become a shibboleth for finding a clean industry to replace lost jobs in manufacturing and agriculture. North Carolinians are pleased to share their historywith each other and with travelers from other states and nations. Yet heritage tourism is not the driving force that impels the staff of Archives and History to work hard and to toil conscientiously. They believe profoundly in the mission of the agency. The people of North Carolina are fortunate to have such dedicated public servants. 3 Deputy Secretary’s Report TOP: On September 28, 2001, the State Historic Preservation Office and the Office of State Archaeology hosted the annual meeting of the Southeastern State Historic Preservation Officers ( SESHPO) and their staffs in Statesville. Attendees pose in front of the historic city hall. BOTTOM LEFT: Officers of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs of North Carolina unveil a new state highway historical marker in conjunction with the organization’s centennial observance at Winston- Salem, April 25, 2002. Pictured ( left to right) are Juanita Bryant, Teresa Lee, Betty Tobert, and Michael Hill, supervisor of the Research Branch, which administers the marker program. BOTTOM RIGHT: The Outer Banks History Center opened its new gallery on September 25, 2001. The first exhibit chronicled the “ Pirates Jamboree,” held during the late fifties and early sixties to boost tourism on the coast during the off season. Pictured are “ pirate shenanigans” at the Nags Head Casino, ca. 1958. DIVISION OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES David J. Olson, Director ADMINISTRATION The previous two years have seen some of the most major changes in the history of the agency. Reorganization along with continuing budgetary difficulty have had significant effects. However, through all of these changes our mission remains largely unchanged, but the way we accomplish that mission is changing with the times. The new division was formed in the fall of 2001 and consists of the Archives and Records Section, the Federation of North Carolina Historical Societies and the Research Branch ( under Administration), the Historical Publications Section, the Office of State Archaeology, the State Historic Preservation Office, and the Western Office. We will work very closely with our sister agencies ( Division of State History Museums and Division of State Historic Sites) to continue the proud record of service of the Office of Archives and History in North Carolina. The agency has been working very hard, in spite of trying budgetary times, to improve the way it delivers its services to its many patrons using the latest and best of new technologies. Major initiatives are under way in Archives and Records to utilize advanced tools and digitization technology to provide enhanced access to our collections. These efforts follow up on a legislative study commission that examined these matters early in the biennium and are proceeding well, based on a successful partnership with the State Library of North Carolina. Much work continues in our Office of State Archaeology on the presumed Queen Anne’s Revenge. The good news is that largely through the efforts of Secretary Libba Evans, the project is the recipient of a Save America’s Treasures grant. However, at the same time state resources for the project have gone into hiatus. In order to deal with such changing circumstances, strategic partnerships have been sought, such as thatwith East Carolina University for the location of our conservation laboratory. Successful Web- based programs have been conducted as well. Many universities and volunteer efforts continue to assist this project. As we look to the future, it will be necessary to find enduring funding streams if this internationally recognized effort is to continue. Time and effort have been expended throughout this biennium in planning for an event in the next one: the centennial of archives and history in 2003. Avery active planning committee has been assembled and has been working very hard in putting together a program of significance for this signal event. By the end of the bienniumthe planning was done, and we were beginning to focus on bringing off our plans early in 2003. Budgetary difficulty has gone from bad to worse throughout the biennium. All parts of the agency have been affected. Vacant positions have been lost, operating budgets slashed, and the results have become apparent to our stakeholders. For example, there are now significant delays in dealing with either National Register or environmental reviewmatters in theHistoric PreservationOffice. The ability towork collections in the Archives and Records Section has been adversely affected. After September 11, 2001, the receipts of the agency suffered a severe setback, particularly in Historical Publications. However, through it all, our dedicated staff has endured, and we are still working as hard as we can to accomplish our mission despite the current challenges. FEDERATION OF NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL SOCIETIES Annualmeetings of the Federation of North CarolinaHistorical Societies and theNorth Carolina Literary and Historical Association were held in Raleigh in November of both years of the biennium. The Newsome Award for outstanding contributions to local history was presented to the Duplin County Historical Society in 2000 and to the Jackson County Historical Association and the Beaufort County Historical Association in 2001. A survey of member organizations was conducted to determine how the Federation can better serve its constituents, particularly regarding electronic communication. One result is that the Bulletin is now available both in printed form and on the Archives and History web page. During the biennium the Federation, in conjunction with NC ECHO, conducted five workshops in Raleigh, Salisbury, Asheville, Williamston, and Wilmington. Speakers at the “ Hometown History” workshops presented sessions on what local historymaterials to collect, how to preserve thesematerials, and how tomake them accessible to the public. National History Day in North Carolina continued to grow during the reporting period, though slowly. By the end of the biennium there were coordinators appointed for five of the six recognized districts. The sponsoring organizations are East Carolina University, UNC- Charlotte, Elon University, the North Carolina Transportation Museum, and the Western Office of Archives and History. Each year the number of participants in the state contestwas around 230. A highlight of theMay 5, 2001, contest was an address by U. S. representative Bobby Etheridge. North Carolina continued to send the maximum number of projects allowed ( 28) to the national contest. In both years, several North Carolina students received recognition for their work. In an effort to improve history education and to recruit teachers to become involved in the program, North Carolina History Day participated as an exhibitor at the Social Studies and Middle School conferences in Greensboro in 2001 and 2002. Sessions on using primary sources in the classroom and how the program addresses the curriculum standards were presented there. Other presentations about History Day were made at the NAGARA conference in Columbia, S. C., and at the national meeting of the Oral History Association in Durham. The state coordinator served as a reviewer of grants for the federal Department of Education’s Teaching American History grants and was appointed to the Executive Board of State Coordinators for National History Day. Nominations for theAmerican Association for State and Local History awardswere coordinated by the office. Several organizations and individuals received this national recognition during the biennium. Historic Stagville, which began the bienniumbeing administered in this office, was moved to the Division of Historic Sites during the reorganization. RESEARCH BRANCH The five- member Research Branch underwent generational change at the outset of the biennium with the retirement of supervisor Jerry C. Cashion and research historian Jerry L. Cross in the fall of 2000. The branch supported the Department of Cultural Resources ( DCR), the Office of Archives and History and its various sections, other state government agencies, and the public with the preparation of in- depth documentary reports, brief historical sketches, memoranda, and manuscript reviews. 6 Division of Historical Resources For the DCR Secretary’s Office and Public Affairs Office, staff members drafted speeches, assisted with Power Point presentations, consulted on appointments to boards and commissions, edited biographical sketches, contributed state history details for publications, and regularly advised news media outlets. At the request of the Secretary’s Office, the branch supervisor served on a committee charged with producing a map and guide to the state’s cultural attractions ( North Carolina Bound), engaged in the Collaborative Culture intra- agency initiative, and met quarterly with the Agricultural Advancement Consortium. For the Director’s Office, staff members gathered information related to the agency centennial, assisted in the successful effort to oppose exclusion of state history from the public school curriculum, acted as advisers for theWilmington Race Riot Commission, represented the agency at “ Freedom Monument” meetings, drafted a speech on African Americans in the Civil War, revised the North Carolina Manual entry, and reviewed monument and memorial proposals. For the State Historic Preservation Office, work included review of the Piedmont architecture guidebook text, Cleveland County inventory, and Trail of Tears history, as well as responses to inquiries concerning WorldWar II, Bayard v. Singleton, and St. John’s Lutheran Church, Catawba County. For the Division of StateHistoric Sites, staffmembers contributed sketches for the N. C. Transportation Museum, advised on the proposed creation of a Civil War Trails program, and reviewed the draft of a history of the Department of Transportation. For the Office of State Archaeology, research was completed on embalming practices. Specific research tasks were undertaken for theMuseum of History, theMuseum of the Albemarle, Tryon Palace, the State Capitol, the Underwater Archaeology Unit, and the Western Office. Staff also responded to requests from the Governor’s Office, the George W. Bush presidential campaign, U. S. Senate Historical Office, General Assembly, Attorney General’s Office, Division of State Parks, Department of Administration, Commission of Indian Affairs, and Board of Elections. Research historian Ansley Herring Wegner completed the manuscript for History for All the People, the agency’s centennial history, with contributions by other branch staff members of accompanying sidebar features. Near the close of the biennium intern Tom Vincent, a graduate student at North Carolina State University, assisted in photo research for the book. Research historian Dennis F. Daniels completed in- depth reports on the Polk Youth Center property for theNorth CarolinaMuseum of Art, and the town of Haywood ( Chatham County) for the Office of State Archaeology, and made substantial progress on a history of Bird Island ( Brunswick County) for the Division of Coastal Management. Research historian Mark Anderson Moore engaged with the University of North Carolina Press to create thirty maps for the revised edition of The Way We Lived in North Carolina and completed other maps for the Historical Publications Section. He designed storyboards for a fiber- opticmap display and created a tour map for visitors at Fort Fisher. All staff members contributed articles for the forthcoming Encyclopedia of North Carolina. Progress was made on a volume of biographical sketches of North Carolina governors, and final editing was completed on a monograph on artificial limbs. Staff members conducted the annual awards competitions for the North Carolina Literary and Historical Association, mailing announcements each year to fifteen hundred schools and two hundred publishers. In the spring of 2002, seventy- four books and twenty- seven literary magazines were submitted, the same numbers as the previous 7 Division of Historical Resources year. The display featuring the association’s awards was renovated. Staffmembers also assisted with National History Day and History Bowl. North Carolina Highway Historical Marker Program The highlight for the biennium was the publication in November 2001 of the ninth edition of the Guide to North Carolina Highway Historical Markers ( the first edition appeared in 1939). The latest volume incorporated 136 new markers put in place since publication of the eighth edition in 1990. The new edition listed the signs by county rather than by district, included the year each was approved, and featured improved countymaps. The print run for the edition was increased to 7,500 copies, because of the offer of the State Employees’ Credit Union to purchase half the stock and sell those to members at a discount. The book and program were subjects of front- page stories in Raleigh and Charlotte newspapers on January 1, 2002, as well as segments on television and radio. TheNorth CarolinaHighwayHistorical Marker Advisory Committee has oversight responsibility for the program, its charge being to weigh the authenticity, comparative merit, and appropriateness of each proposed sign, and to compose the inscriptions. Dr. Freddie Parker of North Carolina Central University, Dr. Lu Ann Jones of East Carolina University, Dr. Alexander R. Stoesen ( retired) of Guilford College, and Dr. Karl E. Campbell of Appalachian State University accepted appointments to five-year terms on the committee. Over the biennium the group held three semiannual meetings; the fourth was cancelled because of budgetary constraints. At thosemeetings members approved twenty- two new markers ( see Appendix 9), bringing the total authorized since 1935 to 1,441. In addition, eighteen older markers were replaced, sixteen signs were returned to the foundry for repairs, and forty- one extra posts were ordered. Sixty- four maintenance requests were forwarded to the Department of Transportation, the program cosponsor. During the reporting period, dedication and unveiling programs were held in Canton, Carthage, Durham, Hamlet, Hendersonville, Hickory, Hobgood, Jacksonville, Lincolnton, Monroe, New Bern, Windsor, Winston- Salem, andWilson. Staff continued to advise local organizations and individuals on the purchase and placement of locally funded markers and plaques. As the biennium concluded, work progressed on preliminary steps to upgrade the marker program website by posting background research on marker topics. Web Development Mark Anderson Moore, a temporary employee of the agency since 1992, became a full-time permanent employee as webmaster and research historian inMarch 2001. Over the course of the biennium he significantly upgraded the Historic Bath, Somerset Place, and Fort Fisher websites. His work on the Bentonville and CSS Neuse sites received national recognition in The CivilWar on the Web: AGuide to the Very Best Sites ( 2001). Moore assumed responsibility for development and maintenance of the main DCR website in addition to that of the Office of Archives and History. DCR Web initiatives included a new site design and a map interface highlighting cultural resources in all one hundred counties. The branch coordinated the work of volunteer ( and later part- time employee) Marina Pereiro and others to create Spanish translations of DCR websites. 8 Division of Historical Resources ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SECTION Catherine J. Morris, State Archivist and Records Administrator The reorganization on October 1, 2000, of the Archives and Records Section into five branches and an administrative component enhanced themanagement of services in the areas of arrangement, description, and access to collections, as well as in providing records management services to public agencies across the state. Positions reallocated as the section’s information technology manager and a preservation officer placed increased emphasis on these important functions. In addition, the new structure served to foster cross- branch communication and cooperation within the section. The use of new technologies to improve efficiency and delivery of services continued during this biennium. Increased electronic communications, enhancement of the section’s Web presence, the beginning of a document digitization program, and emphasis on addressing the management of electronic records created in public agencies are only some of the ways in which technology is changing the work of the section and the services it provides. The Archives and Records Section, like other government entities, provided services while dealing with extraordinary financial obstacles in terms of loss of staff, continued erosion of appropriated operating funds, and annual required budget reversions. To cope with difficult budget realities, the section has been forced to reduce or eliminate services and to charge additional fees. The reversion of temporary salary funds and resultant loss of all temporary staff in early 2002 forced changes to Saturday Search Room operations. With legislative approval, the State Archives increased its out- of- state search fee to twenty dollars; despite this change, search fee revenues did not increase significantly. Field- microfilming services, perennially hampered by insufficient travel funds, ceased as additional travel restrictions were imposed. Lack of funding for needed supplies forced the section to seek changes to its administrative rules; such changes impose charges to client agencies for cartons used for records storage. At the end of the biennium, plans were under way to implement fees to agencies for the disposal of records held by this section but scheduled for destruction in accordance with approved retention schedules. Travel fund loss and travel prohibitions reduced staff ability to consult with public officials, provide training workshops, or speak to local groups regarding agency resources and services . Of most concern is the continuing loss of staff positions with the resultant reassignment of staff and often the reduction or cessation of certain functions and services. As the biennium ended, budget prospects for the next fiscal year and beyond were even bleaker. Good news in the midst of the gloomy budget picture was the spring 2002 joint agreement of the State Library ofNorthCarolina and theDivision ofHistorical Resources with Endeavor Systems, Inc., to purchase Voyager and ENCompass software to replace the library’s Dynix system and the section’sManuscript and Archives Reference System ( MARS). This collaborative effort resulted from more than a year of research, needs analysis, demonstrations, and contract negotiations. The ENCompass software will enable researchers to search the database through a Web browser- type interface and then link to digital images pertaining to the record description selected. Data migration from MARS to the new system and implementation programming were under way by the end of the biennium with Web- based access to records descriptions and selected digitized images anticipated in the fall. Division of Historical Resources 10 The completion of shelving and other work at the leased Blount Street Annex ( BSA) in December 2000 finally gave the sectionmuch- needed space for the storage of records. The facility did not, however, alleviate the critical need for the construction of a centrally located, large- capacity records center with adequate environmentally appropriate space for housing records in paper, micrographic, and electronic formats, and for providing other records services to public officials statewide. For many years stopgap measures have been implemented to lessen the agency’s critical need for records storage. Typically those measures resolve problems associated with transfer backlogs, but they also create new challenges related to accessing and monitoring remote facilities. Work of the State Historical Records Advisory Board ( SHRAB) continued with strong financial support from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission ( NHPRC). Several of the popular cable call- in programs were produced with NHPRC funding; among topics explored were archaeological activities and the Queen Anne’s Revenge, genealogical research, African American history resources, statewide digitization initiatives, electronic records management, and fund- raising strategies for archival programs. On November 2, 2001, the SHRAB hosted the statewide conference “ Charting Our Future,” bringing together archivists, librarians, registers of deeds, and others interested in records issues to discuss concerns and to develop recommendations for addressing statewide records needs. Keynote speaker John Carlin, Archivist of theUnited States, challenged attendees to focus on the diverse records challenges confronting them in the twenty- first century. Support of the section’s programs by the Friends of the Archives, Inc. ( FOA), proved invaluable during this period. When purchasing and travel spending were curtailed by shortfalls in the state budget, the Friends supplied critically needed funds for emergency purchases and essential travel. In addition, financial support for an intern provided important manpower to the digitization program when other resources were unavailable. Late in the biennium the FOA took actions to raise additional revenue to assist with the section’s most immediate, but unfunded, needs. The loss of funds and staff did not deter the section from providing preservation of and access to the records in its custody, and offering guidance and consultation services to public officials and citizens of the state on a wide array of records topics. Reports of the branches provide evidence of the important work by staff in helping to preserve and make available the state’s important documentary heritage. COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENT BRANCH Within this branch the major preservation initiatives of the section, including all micrographics operations, document conservation activities, photo lab activities, and preservation programming, are coordinated and managed by the section’s preservation officer. Arenewed focus on preservation issues resulted in several important initiatives. In December 2000 the section agreed to take part in the field trial of new environmental monitoring equipment, aswell as software produced by the Image Permanence Institute ( IPI) of Rochester, New York. To complement the equipment and software received as part of this national trial, the section purchased twenty- six additional dataloggers for enhanced environmental monitoring. Data from all units is downloaded monthly, and that information along with feedback on the software’s functionality is provided to IPI. Division of Historical Resources This system provides a dynamic way to monitor conditions in storage areas in the section’s five Raleigh facilities. A second important preservation activity begun during the biennium was planning for a major shift of records within the Raleigh facilities. A sectionwide committee analyzed records holdings to determine which collections could be moved to other locations to maximize the availability to researchers of more frequently referenced county and processed state agency records, while ensuring protection for other archival records in auxiliary storage areas. Branch staff used technology to improve productivity and to cope with loss of staff resulting from budget cuts and reassignments. Imaging Unit staff used e- mail and fax to communicate with registers of deeds and to provide timely feedback on the quality of security film shipments. Photography lab staff designed electronic order forms for photography and digital orders, enabling agency staff to complete the forms online and submit them electronically. This reduced paper consumption and allowed automated production of negative sleeve labels using information taken directly from the electronic order form. An intern from North Carolina State University and a staff member reassigned part- time to the photography lab increased preservation copying work. Negatives from several endangered collections, including the Albert Barden Collection and the News and Observer collection, were reformatted. Staff duplicated 4,354 slides from the Black Mountain College ( BMC) collections as part of the section’s cost- sharing work on a National Endowment for the Humanities ( NEH) grant. Staff also took digital pictures of some of the most valuable items in the vault collection and many of the originalWorld War I posters. Overall the photography lab produced 26,622 black- and- white prints; processed 1,859 rolls and 5,675 sheets of black- and- white film; produced 1,149 graphics camera prints; duplicated 5,859 slides; and added 2,719 negatives to section files. There were 2,693 orders for traditional photographic services, 183 orders for digital services, and 80 location assignments. Section reorganization left only one conservation assistant to perform most of the in- house conservation treatments. The major project of note was conservation of BMC papers for the NEH grant. A total of 42,326 documents were treated, including repairs to 5,941 items, deacidification of 33,595 items, encapsulation of 2,013 items, and cleaning of 777 items. The Imaging Unit saw a gradual, but major shift in focus during this biennium. Budget constraintsmeant restricted travel, essentially ending field- microfilming services; by the end of the biennium, all field- microfilming positions had been eliminated or reassigned. As the unit faced a new fiscal year, additional position losses were imminent. To cope with these changes, the unit refocused attention on the backlog of filming projects that in many cases had been pending for years. Among these were a large group of Department of Transportation right- of- way encroachment agreement files and records of the Secretary of State Corporations Division ( 1903- 1986). Many local government entities continued to have their official minutes duplicated, but the records or duplicate files had to be sent to Raleigh for filming. Increased preservation emphasis and digitization initiatives resulted in increased preservation filming. Among these projects were North Carolina Supreme Court case files dating to 1940; letter books of Governors Vance, Holden, and Worth; Secretary of State wills; District 11 Division of Historical Resources Superior Court estates files; and Colonial Court estates records. Other filming efforts included the Children of the American Revolution scrapbooks, Department of Conservation and Development scrapbooks, the Lovit- Hines Collection, the John Brown Diary, and the William Primrose McPherson Collection. Among newspapers filmed were the Technician, Tryon Daily Bulletin, Charlotte Jewish News, Church Intelligencer, Franklin Press, and the New River Camp Lejeune Globe. The Imaging Unit produced 1,537 16- millimeter reels ( 3,575,024 images) of state agency records and 1,001 16- millimeter reels ( 1,275,084 images) of local government records. There were 127 35- millimeter reels ( 71,871 images) of state agency records produced and 15,206 aperture cards created. Total microfilmprocessed included 3,494 16- millimeter reels and 2,418 35- millimeter reels of silver film; 60 16- millimeter and 1,687 35- millimeter silver duplicates; and 14,459 16- millimeter and 9,509 35- millimeter diazo duplicates. A total of 4,923 quality control tests were performed, and 7,710 reels of vault film were inspected, while 450 reels ( 300,078 images) of 35- millimeter film were filmed for preservation projects. Finally, 9,251 reelswere received from registers of deeds for security storage, along with 1,533 reels from the Administrative Office of the Courts, and 1,693 reels from other sources. GOVERNMENT RECORDS BRANCH The Government Records Branch made progress in several areas during the biennium. Major programmatic areas receiving attention included electronic records, standard retention schedules, records storage, and the comprehensive life- cycle management of public records. The branch assumed responsibility for the arrangement and description of archival records in October 2000. A team of archivists comprising the branch’s new Records Description Unit process collections from state agencies, including the Governor’s Office, and county offices. Those activities provide an excellent complement to traditional records analysis duties and storage programs. An electronic records archivist joined the branch in early 2002 to oversee the many complex issues attending born- digital records. Of great importance was the opening of the BSA; once the problems associated with shelving layout and security were addressed, a transfer backlog of approximately thirteen thousand cubic feet was reduced in just a few months. The BSA afforded the agency a generous amount of space— approximately sixty- six thousand cubic feet— in which to store semi- active and inactive public records for state government agencies. Its heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system also allowed for the storage of archival records. The branch broke new ground regarding the supplies and services it traditionally has provided to state agencies at no cost. Effective July 1, 2001, state agencies were required to purchase from the branch the cartons, labels, and box tape used to transfer public records to the State Records Center. Proceeds from the sale of those supplies go into a dedicated fund that enables the branch to buy cartons and associated materials despite budget- related purchasing restrictions. Because of a decision by State Surplus Property to discontinue receipt of records for recycling, at the end of 2001 the branch was burdened with over nine thousand cubic feet of records whose destruction had been authorized by custodial agencies. A temporary agreement was reached with a recycling contractor from Greensboro who removed thematerials at no charge. The state’s regular recycling contract did not include 12 Division of Historical Resources provisions for large quantities of unsorted or confidential records. Therefore, the branch issued its own request for proposals for bids to handle records that must be destroyed. Custodial agencies will be invoiced directly for this service by the selected vendor. As a result of an assessment of the agency’s electronic records management program, the Archives and Records Section joined the Delaware Public Archives and the Wyoming State Archives in the Three States Electronic Records Project. Envisioned as a multi- phased effort, the first two projects— the capture of Web- based records, and electronic mail management and preservation— were completed during the latter half of the biennium. The State Agency and University Records Unit accomplished several major projects during the biennium. Most important, perhaps, was the General Schedule for State Agency Records that addresses 167 common records series in state agencies. Its implementation frees analysts to focus on electronic records, paper records unique to governmental programs, and records of permanent value. Staff oversaw the update or amendment of 6,328 records series for state agencies ( 2,726) and universities ( 3,602). Staff conducted 67 training workshops, attended by 1,024 state agency and university employees, and conducted 1,020 records management consultations. Local records analysts completed the Public Hospitals and County Management records retention schedules. With those updates and numerous schedule amendments, staff updated or amended 2,232 records series. Staff conducted 1,566 records management, micrographics, and imaging- related consultations and held 38 training sessions for 1,281 local government employees. Archivists in the Records Description Unit processed over 621 cubic feet of county, state agency, and Governor’s Office records. During the biennium 1,619 cubic feet of permanently valuable records were received from the counties. More than 230 cubic feet of county records were transferred to the Archives. Staff also oversaw the transfer of roughly 40 cubic feet of unprocessed state agency records and over 403 cubic feet of unprocessed governor’s records. Staff worked closely with the Office of the Governor to ensure the proper transfer of public records at the end of Gov. James B. Hunt Jr.’ s administration in late 2000. In July 2001 staff of the Department of Revenue assumed responsibility for servicing corporate income tax returns stored in the State Records Center. As a result, requests for records dropped from 21,140 in fiscal year 2000- 2001 to 14,485 the next year. A total of 39,306 cubic feet of state agency records were received for storage by the State Records Center, while 30,596 cubic feet were removed. The branch began the biennium storing 146,805 cubic feet of records for agencies; holdings totaled 158,171 cubic feet at the end, thanks largely to space provided by the BSA. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BRANCH The Information Technology Branch is responsible for the management of electronic records, online access through a graphical interface to MARS, digitization, network administration, and computer technical support for the section and other parts of the Division of Historical Resources. Staff worked closely with division personnel on a variety of electronic records issues, including development of an electronic records inventory form. The MARS 13 Division of Historical Resources database increased from 359,603 to 389,381 records during this reporting period. Some of the collections described include Department of Administration property construction contracts, county court records, North Carolina Supreme Court case files, Colonial Governors’ Papers, and Secretary of State Land Grants for Mecklenburg and Montgomery Counties. The State Archives began work in earnest on a digitization program. Through a Library Services and Technology Act ( LSTA) grant provided through NC ECHO, the Archives purchased a microfilm scanner, and staff scanned thousands of microfilmed images. Staff analyzed potential microfilm reels for scanning, prepared original documents for conservation work and microfilming, indexed individual documents, performed batch scans of the microfilm, and conducted quality assurance on the completed scanned and indexed images. As a result of a study by the Legislative Research Commission’s Digitization of Public Records by State Archives Committee, the General Assembly appropriated $ 50,000 to fund the certification process for the section’s digitization proposal. Certification gives the section clearance to pursue its digitization program goals as funding allows. As of June 30, 2002, with the assistance of grant funds and internships, more than 46,162 documents had been scanned. Among these were the Secretary of State original wills, Colonial Governors’ Papers, Colonial Court estates papers, selected posters, selections from the Archives’ “ treasures,” and estates papers from Edenton, Hillsborough, Morgan, and New Bern Districts. Branch staff assumed management of the section’sWeb pages and worked to bring enhancements across the website. The result is increased information of interest to researchers and client agencies. The hiring of a computer technician also helped the section by providing staff support in such areas as trouble- shooting, compliance with state requirements related to desktop and e- mail management, computer virus protection, and hardware and software inventory control. The applications programmer worked closely with the department’s computer manager to install a firewall for the protection of departmental computers, helped other sections with complex technological problems, oversaw the migration of the MARS system and other databases into the new ENCompass system, assisted with digitization efforts, and developed a database to manage the microfilming of minutes for county agencies. The branch is indebted to its volunteers and interns. One volunteer assisted in proofreading the lengthy index to the Confederate Pension applications; and four interns from the Goodwill Industries Training Program have helped with data entry, scanning, and proofreading. Two interns funded by the FOA and one paid through the generosity of the Society of the Cincinnati assisted in the digitization project. PUBLIC SERVICES BRANCH The State Archives continued the recent trend of fewer researchers visiting the Search Room. With 24,060 researchers, visitation this biennium was down nearly 2,500 from the previous period. After the terrorist attacks in September 2001, visitation sharply decreased and has been slow to recover. Researchers in the Search Room used 60,340 Fibredex boxes and volumes of original records, and 66,340 reels ofmicrofilm. Branch staff membersmade 545,491 xerographic copies and handled 5,793 phone calls. While visitation decreased, requests for information by mail increased dramatically, with the major increase in e- mail. Traditional mail requests numbered 24,692 and e- mail requests 12,422 for a total of 32,720, an increase from the 26,855 of the previous 14 Division of Historical Resources biennium; this rise necessitated staff reassignment to respond to requests. Additionally, 3,815 academic transcripts inquiries were handled, as well as 505 veterans’ requests and 224 requests for unprocessed county records. Branch staff continued their support of various agency programs including Historic Sites’ History Bowl, theMuseum of History’s Tar Heel Junior Historian Awards Day, and History Day by judging student works and providing other services. In addition, staff members revised the existing series of Archives Information Circulars, updating information and preparing them for Web publication. InMarch 2002, the Public Services Branch lost its temporary staff as a result of the state budget crisis. Since these employees worked primarily on Saturdays, this loss necessitated a revision to the staff rotation schedule. Furthermore, the reduction of staff and the responsibility for providing relief for the building security officer forced the closing of the Search Room for an hour beginning at noon. Despite the overall decrease in researchers, Saturday continues to be the heaviest day of researcher visitation. Outreach activities included presentations to groups across the state, although this servicewas severely curtailed because of the budget crisis. In cooperationwith the State Library, the branch presented a genealogical workshop for Cultural Resources employees. Staff also participated in the planning and presentation of an FOA-sponsored workshop, “ Genealogy in the Electronic Age.” SPECIAL COLLECTIONS BRANCH The Special Collections Branch is responsible for appraising, accessioning, arranging, describing, preserving, and servicing private papers, photographs, audio- visual materials, maps, and military collections for the State Archives. It also oversees the Outer Banks History Center ( OBHC) in Manteo. Accession entries for the State Archives numbered 1,833: 18,978 microfilm reels; 7,520 microfiche sheets; 1,896 photographs; 972.25 cubic feet of unbound records; 782 photograph negatives; 463 volumes; 255 maps; 85 slides; 45 original prints, engravings, and architectural drawings; 28 audiocassettes; 26 videotapes; 12 negative photostats; 6 surveyor plats; 4 tintypes; 3 postcards; 2 calendars; 2 scrapbooks; and 1 stereo view. The Non- Textual Records Unit received 7,439 requests, described 2,776 negatives in MARS, added 2,126 negatives to the files, and rehoused 200 sound recording discs as well as photographs in the H. H. Brimley Photograph Collection. An index to the Raleigh News and Observer undated photographs was prepared, and North Carolina State University ( NCSU) practicum students prepared finding aids to the Appalachian National Park Association and FCX photographs. A $ 5,100 National FilmPreservation Foundation grant helped preserve and duplicate two H. Lee Waters films depicting Kannapolis and Concord in the 1940s. Expansion of the roster of North Carolina photographers ( 1842- 1941) continued, and assistance was provided in locating illustrations for a revised publication of The Way We Lived in North Carolina. The Black Mountain College Project, through a $ 98,245 grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, funded an archivist and part- time clerical staff; they, along with interns and consultant Mary Emma Harris, identified and processed items in the collection. Selected college records ( 25.2 cubic feet) were conserved, descriptions were entered intoMARS, 101 audiotapes and 4,126 slides were copied for preservation, 15 Division of Historical Resources releases for interviews were secured, MARC records and Encoded Archival Description ( EAD) documents were prepared, and finding aids were finalized. Effective April 30, 2002, Barbara Cain retired from the section after twenty- six years. She was an archivist supervisor within the branch and the BMC project manager. In theMilitary Collection Project, there were 2,048 items acquired, 914 calls and/ or visitors received, 1,068 pieces of correspondence handled, 710 photographs copied from 491 lenders and/ or donors, 98 interviews conducted, and 27 presentations made. The CivilWar section of the Military Collection finding aid was revised, and materials were identified for potential use on the section’s Web page. Arrangement and description work included completion of finding aids and worksheets for 33 private collections and account books ( 42 cubic feet). Proofreading and standardizing of index terms and scope notes in MARS were completed for 123 private collections ( 154.6 cubic feet). A major rearrangement of the Secretary of State records and the production of a new finding aid were finished in the spring of 2002. In the Secretary of State Land Grant Project, 2,691 entries were made into MARS. An intern from NCSU arranged and described the first seven series of World War I posters. There were 23,000 index entries made into MARS describing various private collections. Manuscript collection finding aids not already in electronic format and not listed in the guide were digitized; and five private collections finding aids were converted to EAD. Additionally 90 cubic feet of organization records were re- housed; theWake County League ofWomen Voters’ records were arranged and described; and 210 maps were reclassified, indexed, and described in MARS. At the OBHC the long awaited construction of a new gallery and renovations to the Reading Room were completed in September 2001; the gallery openedwith the exhibit, Pirates Jamboree Revisited. Other exhibits prepared by the staff included The Outer Banks, 1900: The Wrights Arrive ( at the Wright Brothers National Memorial and Jockey’s Ridge State Park); A Man’s Home is Where He Prospers ( at the Dare County Public Library); Coastal Carolina Civil War Sketches: Drawings by Edwin Graves Champney and Selected Civil War Documents from the OBHC Collections; Captain Warren O’Neal, Carolina Boat- builder and Fisherman: Legacy and Works; and To Preserve, Protect, and Maintain: Seventy- Five Years of the First Flight Society. Staff interviewed 39 individuals for the waterman documentation project. From January 2001 through June 2002, center personnel handled 8,440 requests ( including 3,215 by phone; 1,938 onsite visitors; 2,071 researchers in the Reading Room; 483 by fax and e- mail; 299 letters; and 434 photographs replicated). Among significant acquisitions were the files of theWrightMemorial Bridge Company, 1930- 1935; papers of Francis andGertrudeRogallo; historic photographs of Buffalo City timbering operations; 1,013 slides taken by Mike Booher depicting the 1999 relocation of Cape Hatteras Lighthouse; and research materials about Hatteras Island families and local history compiled byBeatrice B. McArthur. Progresswasmade in processing the Rogallo Papers, the Manteo Rotary Club records, Dare County Tourist Bureau and Chamber of Commerce materials, and items relating to the Lost Colony received from Aycock Brown. Staff participated in a television special on moving historic structures for Discovery Canada and provided support for the OBHC Associates’ membership drive and fund- raising activities that enlisted the aid of Andy Griffith and Sen. Marc Basnight. 16 Division of Historical Resources HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS SECTION Donna E. Kelly, Administrator The Historical Publications Section ( HPS) witnessed a fairly consistent level of sales during the 2000- 2002 biennium. Receipts totaled $ 347,239.89. In the first fiscal year they totaled $ 177,036.96, and in the second $ 170,202.93. Sales of publications were affected in the second reporting period by the events of September 11, 2001. Credit card sales totaled $ 13,647.93 in the first year ( 8 percent of the total) and $ 15,522.59 in the second ( 9 percent of the total). A list of publications for the period is found in Appendix 6. The section distributed 87,431 publications as follows: Documentary volumes 1,332 Governors’ documentaries 1,317 Fifty- year Review index 31 Ten- year Review index 27 Carolina Comments index 55 Books, pamphlets, and Roster addenda 43,246 Maps, charts, and documents 4,766 Publications catalog 34,600 Biennial reports 15 Back issues of the Review 622 Back issues of Carolina Comments 657 Blackbeard T- shirts 66 Posters 697 Significantmodifications occurredwithin theHPS over the course of this biennium, particularly with staff changes. An accounting clerk III was hired in July 2000; she resigned in September 2001, and her position was eliminated because of budget cuts at the close of the reporting period. OnMarch 31, 2001, JoeMobley, section administrator for nearly six years, retired. Donna Kelly, editor II with the Iredell Papers project, was appointed acting administrator and then assumed the position permanently on June 1, 2001. An editor I within the Colonial Records Branch was promoted into that vacant editor II position as the section’s digital editor. Her vacated editor I position was transferred to the General Publications Branch when an editor II was shifted under the direct supervision of the section administrator. The editor I position within the General Publications Branch was filled in December 2001. In September 2001, Robert Cain ( editor III), supervisor of the Colonial Records Branch, retired after thirty- two years with the project. Jan- Michael Poff succeeded him, having previously served as an editor II responsible for editing the governors’ papers. William Brown, formerly with theArchives and Records Section, was promoted into that position inNovember 2001. In addition to many personnel changes, other section- wide activities occurred. In October 2001 the entire staff assisted with local arrangements for the Association for Documentary Editing ( ADE) annual meeting in Raleigh. The loss of the accounting clerk position in the second year resulted in a shift of duties for several positions, which Division of Historical Resources was written into new work plans for the coming year. Moreover, the whole staff assisted with two annual inventories conducted each July. Beginning in 2001 nearly all new titles were typeset in- house, making use of new technology and saving money. In early 2002, new marketing strategies were implemented within the section and will be expanded into the next biennium. They represent a concerted effort to save money by using e- mail for more efficient distribution of information about new titles, special discounts, and sales. A major shift of the inventory occurred at the close of the biennium, asmore shelving was installed to make better use of vertical space in the stock room. In a further effort to create more shelf space and to increase revenue, shelf- worn or older editions of titles were made available at drastically reduced prices. Moreover, the section is continuing to take advantage of opportunities for exposure through book exhibits at local workshops and meetings within the state, given that travel restrictions will more than likely continue into the next biennium. ADMINISTRATION The two administrators attended two annual meetings of the North Carolina Literary and Historical Association and co- chaired the Local Arrangements Committee for the 2001 ADE meeting. The former administrator presented papers at meetings of the U. S. Lifesaving Service Heritage Association and the Sons of Confederate Veterans. The current administrator presented a paper entitled, “ The Pinnacles and Pitfalls of State Support: TheNorth CarolinaHistorical Publications Program” at the ADE meeting. She also served on the DCR Project Green Task Force, on an intradepartmental advisory team assisting with the “ NC Green 2001 Expo” held in October, on the Archives and History ( A& H) Centennial Committee, and on the department’s Collaborative Culture Committee. As administrator she proofread the last six months’ report, the previous biennial report, four issues of the North Carolina Historical Review ( the Review), four new titles, and seven issues of Carolina Comments. In the front office the administrative secretary II, the processing assistant III, and the accounting clerk III maintained daily section operations. They accounted for the inventory and prepared numerous financial reports, while also handling phone, fax, e- mail, and in- person requests from the general public, booksellers, authors, and members of the Advisory Editorial Committee. They processed the Review articles and book reviews, mailed notices, ordered supplies, supervised bulk mailings, handled surplus property disposal, printed ads and flyers, updated subscription lists and leave reports, submitted the annual records survey, operated the credit card system, prepared 385 purchase requests, processed 4,467 orders, and handled 10,249 pieces of mail. The administrative secretary maintained all e- mail operations, updated anti- virus software, ordered computer equipment, implemented the section’s e- procurement purchasing system, handled the 2001 State Employees’ Combined Campaign, and assisted the administrator in preparing all required reports during the biennium. The processing assistant continued to serve on the department’s Equal Employment Opportunity and Air Quality Control committees, and the accounting clerk handled the State Employees’ Combined Campaign in 2000. The front office staff attended training sessions in e-commerce, Windows NT, electronic public records, debt collection, and e- procurement. In the area of marketing, the part- time information and communications specialist I publicized twelve of the section’s new publications through press releases, 18 Division of Historical Resources advertisements, review copies, book displays, and flyers to magazines, newspapers, newsletters, journals, booksellers, and libraries. She updated the section’s listings in various publication directories and promoted selected titles through special offers. She planned, mounted, and staffed exhibits at two Southern Historical Association ( SHA) meetings, two Social Studies conferences, and two Middle School Association conferences. She saw through press both the 2001 and 2002 publication catalogs by editing entries, adding new material, selecting graphic art, designing the layout and covers, and overseeing their distribution. She co- chaired the Local Arrangements Committee for the 2001 ADE meeting in Raleigh upon the former administrator’s retirement; provided catalogs and display copies of selected titles for the departmental booth at two state fairs and other displays or meetings arranged by A& H staff; promoted the Review through three press releases; and, along with the current administrator, attended the Publishers Association of the South Winter Conclave and the Appalachian Consortium meeting in Asheville in January 2001. She also checked monthly invoices and orders, updated computerized mailing lists, catalogued book reviews, handled HPS free listings, prepared copy for the A& H Kid’s Page for the Web, and advised the administrator on which titles to reprint. During the last biennium, the digital editor began typesetting many publications in-house. The process began with the November 2001 Carolina Comments and continued for four issues of that publication, the January and April 2002 Review, and updates to reprints of The Black Experience in Revolutionary North Carolina and Society in Colonial North Carolina. She attended an HTML class and spent considerable time updating and adding new material to the website. Among the new material added were the 2001 and 2002 catalogs, selected data from eight issues of the Review, full text for three issues of Carolina Comments ( beginning with January 2002), press releases for titles published this biennium, sales information, 145 colonial newspaper extracts, and six out- of- print titles that appear on the Colonial Records Project page. By the end of the biennium, the website had received 44,185 hits since its inception. In addition to typesetting and online duties, the digital editor began compiling the indexes to the Review for eventualWeb publication, and at the conclusion of the biennium, the entire index had been put in electronic form with some formatting and consolidating remaining to be done. Other duties of the digital editor included compiling a master list of all the section’s publications since 1903, highlighting the section’s activities for inclusion in the forthcoming centennial history, and assisting other staff members with computer problems and maintenance. Several documentary projects moved forward during the biennium. The section proofreader co- edited Records of the Moravians in North Carolina, VolumeXII, 1856- 1866, and she was progressing, as time permitted, with editing for the next volume at the end of the reporting period. In addition she read copy for nearly every publication produced and completed proofreading for the next volume of The Papers of William Woods Holden, to be published in the next fiscal year. Volume 3 of The Papers of James Iredell saw limited progress during the reporting period. The editor II conducted research and prepared annotation with the aid of three interns and two temporary employees during the first year. The new editor, who assumed responsibility for this project during the second year, workedwith three interns who assisted with research for volumes 3 and 4. Before retiring the former administrator neared completion on annotation and transcription for volume 3 of The Papers of Zebulon Baird Vance and 19 Division of Historical Resources 20 saw through press The Papers of William Woods Holden, Volume 1, 1841- 1868, as well as the Moravian Records cited above. Because of budgetary constraints and copyright concerns, the planned documentary on twentieth- century wars has been postponed indefinitely. Eight issues of the Review ( July and October 2000; January, April, July, October 2001; and January and April 2002) were published. [ The subscriptions decreased slightly from the previous biennium to an average of 1,216.] These issues consisted of 288 book reviews, 23 articles, four bibliographies ( two for N. C.- related books and two for N. C.- related theses and dissertations), two indexes, and one review essay. The editor II assigned book reviews, wrote cutlines, edited articles and book reviews, designed covers, chose illustrations, ordered review copies, handled correspondence, and saw all eight issues through press. She also served on the SHA membership committee. During the biennium 52manuscripts were received for consideration. Of those 24were accepted, and 26 were rejected. Members of the Advisory Editorial Committee and other readers evaluated 32 articles submitted to the Review. Dr. Russell Snapp of Davidson College resigned from the committee in 2001 and was replaced by Dr. Holly Brewer of North Carolina State University to fill the term through 2003. Dr. William Link of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro completed his term June 30, 2001, and was replaced by Dr. Laura Edwards of Duke University. Dr. David Goldfield of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte completed his term on the committee and was succeeded by Dr. William Barney of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The governors’ papers editor completed the editing, annotation, proofreading, indexing, and illustration research for volume 3 of the Addresses and Public Papers of James Baxter Hunt Jr., which was delivered in March 2001. The section paid for the printing because of the budget shortfall but was reimbursed by the department during the next fiscal year. Work proceeded on volume 4 through annotation of speeches; compilation of executive orders, appointments, and press releases; and final document selection. Compilation, arrangement, and selection of documents commenced for the first volume of Governor Easley papers. A workshop for Governors’ Office staff was held April 20, 2001, in cooperation with staff from the Archives and Records Section. Arrangements were made to receive copies of official documents for inclusion in the published volumes. On March 19, 2001, Gov. Michael F. Easley, in a ceremony held in the State Capitol, officially presented Governor Hunt with volume 3. CIVIL WAR ROSTER BRANCH The research, writing, compiling, and editing of Volume 15 of North Carolina Troops, 1861- 1865: A Roster was completed. The volume will contain rosters and histories of the Sixty- second, Sixty- fourth, Sixty- sixth, Sixty- seventh, and Sixty- eighth Regiments and is scheduled for publication in 2003. The editor III wrote histories of all five regiments. He also incorporated into company rosters voluminous service records information abstracted by the editor I from the 1860 and 1870 North Carolina federal censuses, the County Heritage Book series, and bounty payrolls, receipt rolls, and other records in the State Archives’ Civil War Collection. Branch staff also proofread, indexed, and typeset two of the five regimental histories and rosters. Maps drawn by a professional cartographer and illustrations of soldiers who served in the five regiments were being acquired at the end of this biennium. Division of Historical Resources COLONIAL RECORDS BRANCH In the Colonial Records Branch, the editor III continued research for the introduction to Volume 11, The Church of England in North Carolina, 1742- 1763; supervised the expansion of the project’s website; and supervised the preparation of North Carolina Headrights: A List of Names, 1663- 1744 and Society in Early North Carolina: A Documentary History, the first two books in the new paperbound documentary series. He also completed six weeks of research in London, through the generous support of the Carolina Charter Corporation; conducted the 2000 annual meeting of the corporation; and beganmodifications of the introductions to previous Colonial Records volumes for publication as a new history of colonial North Carolina. He gave a talk at St. Philip’s Episcopal Church in Southport to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the parish ( May 6, 2001) and presented a paper to a conference of church historians in Toronto, Canada ( June 27, 2001). The editor I placed a number of items on the branch’s website; transcribed papers of Arthur Dobbs; proofread and indexed British records in MARS; and made corrections, prepared illustrations, and completed typesetting for the two soft- cover titles listed above. The word processor IV, promoted to an editor I, entered, proofread, and indexed British Records in MARS; proofread extracts from American and Scottish newspapers; and proofed and indexed the two soft- cover titles. The new editor III coordinated the 2001 annual meeting of the Charter Corporation. Branch staff continued compiling references to North Carolina in early newspapers, thanks to a grant from the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati, whereby four microfilmed newspapers were purchased. The Society also donated forty reels relating to the RevolutionaryWar to the Colonial Records Project. GENERAL PUBLICATIONS BRANCH In the General Publications Branch, the editor III compiled and edited the Forty- eighth Biennial Report of the North Carolina Division of Archives and History, July 1, 1998, through June 30, 2000, edited and saw through press twelve issues of Carolina Comments, and compiled its annual index. [ The subscription list has averaged 1,223.] He co- edited Gold in History, Geology, and Culture: Collected Essays and assisted the current administrator in seeing through press Sketches in North Carolina USA, 1872 to 1878: Vineyard Scenes by Mortimer 0. Heath. He also saw through press eleven reprints, one map, and one poster; indexed three reprints; and proofread and edited various brochures, calendars, and schedules for other sections within A& H. Both this editor III and an editor II, whose position was in this branch during the first year of the biennium, completed editing of North Carolina’s First Ladies, 1891- 2001, which was published by the Executive Mansion Fine Arts Committee. The editor II also edited and indexed Letters from a North Carolina Unionist: John A. Hedrick to Benjamin S. Hedrick, 1862- 1865, aswell as the ninth edition of theGuide to North CarolinaHighway Historical Markers. He continued work on Phantom Pain: Civil War Amputation and North Carolina’s Maimed Veterans to be published in the next biennium. In addition he attended the Institute for the Editing of Historical Documents in June 2002. An editor I within the branch edited Randolph County: A Brief History, three titles to be reprinted, andmiscellaneousA& Hdocuments. He also edited and wrote book reviews for, aswell as indexed, the January and April issues of the Review. 21 Division of Historical Resources OFFICE OF STATE ARCHAEOLOGY Stephen R. Claggett, State Archaeologist TheOffice of StateArchaeology ( OSA) was redefined as a sectionwithinArchives and History on January 1, 2001, after twenty- three years as a combined program with the Historic PreservationOffice ( HPO). Thismove, accepted “ with favor” by the Historical Commission, is intended to provide increased visibility and recognition for the department’s archaeology programs, and to emphasize OSA’s central coordinating functions within the division and generally within state government. It was the result of an advisory Archaeology Task Force report to the director in 2000. An agreement document prepared by the state archaeologist and the HPO administrator defined OSA’s continued cooperation with the HPO on environmental review, National Register, and preservation planning activities. The Queen Anne’s Revenge ( QAR) project and the developing Archaeological Research Center were also cited as prime factors for reinstating OSA’s section status. Nevertheless, for reasons directly tied to the growing state budget crisis, major initiatives connected with that recognition were put on indefinite hold. These include personnel classification upgrades to reflect new administrative and supervisory responsibilities, equal organizational status with other sections, and structural reorganization of OSA into branches and units. OSA budget changeover also lagged past the recommended June 1, 2000, implementation date and likely will not occur until the beginning of the 2003- 2004 fiscal year. OSA successfully negotiated terms with the N. C. Department of Transportation ( NCDOT) for creation of a Geographic Information System ( GIS) to enhance review capabilities and integrate other OSA databases ( reports, collections, maps, images) into a system beneficial for improved access to, and use of, OSA data by other agencies and the public. A pilot GIS study for six counties will begin the process, with discussions for incorporating data from the remaining ninety- four counties already taking place. Personnel actions included replacement of the OSA environmental review technician position funded by NCDOT, and creation and hiring of a new archaeologist I/ curator for the QAR project. Despite inaction on the position reclassification front, OSA staff drafted position descriptions for eventual submission to the Human Resources Division. One unanticipated outcome from the Archaeology Task Force report was the reassignment of the staff archaeologist from the Historic Sites Section to OSA in October 2001. Integration of the Historic Sites archaeology collections, reports, and files into the existing OSA structure, and assumption of responsibility for Sites archaeology projects, are ongoing. The Raleigh OSA office enjoyed the assistance of several interns, including students from UNC- Charlotte, North Carolina State University ( NCSU), Meredith and Peace Colleges, and UNC- Greensboro. Each student earned college credits while assisting OSA staff with records- and collections-management tasks. Their assistance was especially helpful during times of short budgets and burgeoning work loads. Adult and student volunteers likewise helped with vital tasks; their contributions totaled over 3,500 hours of donated time. The state archaeologist successfully petitioned the N. C. Natural Heritage Trust Board in May 2000 for the purchase of the Hunting Creek Site in Davie County. That action, like many others, was delayed by state budget woes, but on second application, was successful the following spring. The state advisory committee approved the Queen Division of Historical Resources 23 Anne’s Revenge shipwreck site for listing on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP) in June, based on a nomination prepared by the QAR project team. Other NRHP listings for archaeology included the CSS Neuse and the Adam Spach Rock House in Davidson County. The committee added several other archaeological properties to the NRHP study list as well. OSA continued to improve its technology applications, with Web pages ( N. C. Archaeology and QAR project) and systems for managing archaeology collections at the Research Center and the UAB, plus a major upgrade of OSA’s environmental review project tracking system. The latter has been extended to the entire HPO, to promote an integrated approach to environmental project review and response, and as part of the OSA/ HPO agreement noted above. Full implementation, including online exchange of data between our several offices, is anticipated within the next year. Grant projects for archaeology included support for the work of East Carolina University ( ECU) at the 10,000- year- old Barber Creek Site ( Pitt County); a survey of sites along the Lower Cape Fear River ( Cumberland County); data collection for the Forsyth County portion of the GIS systemthroughWake Forest University; and an archaeological survey of outlying Moravian communities in the originalWachovia Tract. Despite restricted travel budgets, OSA continued its tradition of technical assistance to communities, universities, museums, educators, and the public. Over 878 site inspections, reports, consultations, and meetings resulted. Some of the recipients of OSAassistance included: N. C. MaritimeMuseum; Trading Path PreservationAssociation; ECU; RaleighHousingAuthority; NCSU; N. C. Museum of Natural Sciences; Museum of History; Division of State Parks; U. S. Forest Service; Alcoa/ APGI, Inc.; National Park Service; Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians; and Natural Resource Conservation Service. Many of the on- site consultations and site inspections performed by OSA staff members were directly connected to environmental review, state permitting, or burial and cemetery cases. Projects included the Raleigh area Triangle Transit Authority light rail system; Macon County Airport expansion; Ravensford/ Great Smoky Mountains National Park land exchange; N. C. National Guard facilities study; part of the Great Wagon Road in Winston- Salem; and the U. S. Marine Corps Camp Lejeune site mapping project. Many environmental review projects involved NCDOT- sponsored work on bridge replacements or new highway construction, like the Western Wake Expressway, Wilmington Bypass, and Wilson Bypass projects. Other archaeology assistance has been extended to the Division of StateHistoric Sites, at locations including the Chowan County Courthouse restoration, Town Creek Indian Mound, Bentonville Battleground, Historic Stagville, and Historic Halifax. A dramatic increase in permitting activity under the state Archaeological Resources Protection Actmarked the period. Twelve new permitswere issued for projects on state lands at UNC- Charlotte, UNC- Asheville, Western Carolina University, Tri- County Community College, Tryon Palace, Fort Bragg; and the Doerschuk Site, licensed to the department by Alcoa, Inc. State parks permits were most common, with surveys and field school projects requiring permits at FortMacon, New River, Gorges, Jones Lake, and Morrow Mountain Parks. Other statistics ( including UAB) for the period include 112 field inspections of prehistoric sites, shipwrecks, cemeteries, and other locations; 53 lectures, demonstrations, and presentations to school groups; and 878 technical assistance cases. Environmental Division of Historical Resources review cases for OSA included 5,298 non- NCDOT and 2,405 NCDOT projects ( total 7,703), a 79 percent increase over the last biennium that underscores the trend of ever-increasing work loads, with stagnant staffing levels, and seriously declining budgets. The ( revised) total number of archaeological sites in the OSA statewide inventory is 36,163, of which 23,209 ( 64 percent) are fully processed, mapped, and recorded. Inventory numbers were assigned to 1,799 newly discovered archaeological sites, of which 1,452 were recorded through compliance- related surveys across the state; 3,043 detailed site inventory forms were entered into the OSA’s inventory. Over 53,000 acres ( 83 square miles) were intensively examined for archaeological remains during these projects, and 1,799 accession numbers were assigned to the artifact collections recovered from state, federal, and locally sponsored undertakings. These figures mark substantial increases in both volume and processing efficiency over the last biennium, attributable to the great efforts put forth by OSA’s site registration and records management staff. UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY BRANCH and QUEEN ANNE’S REVENGE SHIPWRECK PROJECT Underwater Archaeology Branch ( UAB) staff, assisted by a host of other research institutions, continued investigation of the shipwreck site at Beaufort Inlet thought to be the remains of Blackbeard’s flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge ( QAR). In the fall of 2000, the UAB led a three- week expedition to the site that resulted in the complete excavation of the area where a wooden hull structure had been recovered the previous spring. The UAB returned to the site in May 2001 to recover a cannon concretion ( C- 22) and to install a permanent reference datum. During the fall of 2000 and again in October 2001, project participants presented QAR Dive Live, an interactive Internet broadcast that brought live video and audio of divers on the bottom to classrooms and individuals throughout the state, nation, and world. Over eight thousand individuals, half of them students, participated in the events. Conservation of QAR artifacts continued at two facilities in Morehead City— the Institute of Marine Science and Carteret Community College. In order to develop a more permanent QAR laboratory, the Department of Cultural Resources entered into a memorandum of agreement with ECU in May 2002 to establish a laboratory in the former Voice of America complex near Greenville. In the fall of 2001, the department received a $ 350,000 grant from the Save America’s Treasures program. The two- year grant will be used for the treatment of artifacts already recovered from the QAR site. During the reporting period, UAB staff participated in fifty- eight field projects and sites inspections. Those projects included a search for the steamboat Mountain Lily in the French Broad River near Brevard; a week- long investigation of the Confederate armed schooner Black Warrior, and the recovery of a wooden gun carriage from that site; a five- day survey of Civil War sites in the Roanoke River near Plymouth; the recovery of a historic- period dugout canoe from the Tar River near Louisburg; the investigation of a shipwreck thought to be the Civil War schooner Star in the Pungo River; and assisting the research company Intersal, Inc., with the recovery of seven eighteenth- century cannon from a site in Beaufort Inlet. In June 2001, the UAB received an $ 8,000 grant from the American Battlefield Protection Program of the National Park Service. Those funds have been used to contract 24 Division of Historical Resources with historian Lindley Butler to prepare a National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Nomination for fifteen CivilWar shipwrecks in the sounds and rivers of eastern North Carolina. The UAB joined the American Academy of Underwater Scientists ( AAUS) inMarch 2002. Membership required amajor revision and update of theUAB’s dive safety program and will give UAB divers reciprocity when diving with other AAUS member institutions such as UNC- Wilmington, UNC- Chapel Hill, and ECU. UAB staff presented papers at the 2000 meeting of the North Carolina Maritime History Council, the 2001 Society for Historical Archaeology ( SHA) meeting in Long Beach, California, the Sixth Maritime Heritage Conference ( October 2001), and the 2002 SHA meeting in Mobile, Alabama. In addition, branch staff participated in over 40 media interviews and gave 140 presentations and tours, attended by 4,286 individuals, to various school, civic, and professional groups. During the biennium, 66,368 visitors toured the underwater archaeology exhibit building at Fort Fisher, and over 1,200 New Hanover and Pender Countymiddle school students participated in the UAB’s educational outreach program, “ Hidden Beneath the Waves.” In conjunction with the town of Carolina Beach and the Federal Point Historic Preservation Society, the UAB in December 2001 dedicated a shoreside gazebo and interpretive exhibit on the blockade- runner Beauregard. UAB staff completed the renovation of the large- artifact shelter, where seven cannon from site 0007BUI are currently undergoing conservation treatment. Conservation lab staff also treated artifacts from other sites in Beaufort Inlet and prepared artifacts for the new Fort Fisher Museum exhibit and other museums throughout the state. During the biennium conservation lab staff, working with the OSA laboratorymanager, developed and implemented the UAB/ OSA artifact database. UAB staff responded to 229 requests for technical assistance and information. Volunteers contributed 2,469 hours of their time assisting in all aspects of the UAB program, especially the QAR shipwreck project. A total of 1,547 historic shipwrecks were entered into the PRIME database system. 25 Division of Historical Resources STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE David Brook, Administrator State Historic Preservation Office ( HPO) staff successfully maintained services while responding to a wide range of program challenges, including budget cuts, burgeoning work loads, and adaptation to a major reorganization of archaeological services within the Office of Archives and History. The state’s budget crisis and the strong public demand for services most affected HPO operations. In the first part of the biennium a nearly $ 200,000 increase in our annual federal Historic Preservation Fund ( HPF) allocation greatly expanded staff capacity to assist local preservation projects, especially the initiation of long needed architectural surveys and the elimination of delays in our review of historic tax credit applications. Yet, a swiftly deteriorating economy in the past year on both the state and national level brought equally rapid reductions in operational funding and about an 18 percent reduction inHPO staff by the end of the period. Key positions frozen or lost included the Restoration Branch head, architectural survey coordinator, and environmental review specialist for non- Department of Transportation ( NCDOT) projects. In addition, the survey specialist position for the twenty- five western counties was eliminated. Tomakematters worse in terms of operational efficiency and consistency, all the remaining environmental review positions except one were vacated and refilled. At the same time the section’s case load increased as follows: National Register, 30 percent; environmental review, 30 percent; and tax credit reviews, 10 percent. Much of the upsurge was fueled by the extremely popular income tax incentives for the rehabilitation of historic structures that, beginning in 1998, led to a rush for National Register designation. To keep vital core programs and services available to the public, staff members have willingly taken on increased duties and new assignments. HPO staff has also instituted efficiencies such as placing limits on the length of National Register nominations, installing more program information and forms on the Web, developing more efficient software and computerized tracking systems for environmental review, and increasing the use of e- mail. Nonessential tasks such as public speaking engagements were curtailed. In addition, at the suggestion of staff, the National Register Advisory Committee reduced its number of meetings from four to three annually in an effort to lessen staff administrative duties and to cut costs. In the first year of the period and after much planning, the status of the Office of State Archaeology ( OSA) as a branch of the HPO came to an end after twenty- three years of unified service. With the acceleration of programmatic demands by the Queen Anne’s Revenge project and the institution of the Archaeological Research Center, the OSA needed separate section status in order to expand to its new level of operation and responsibilities. Through amemorandum of agreement between the two sections, OSA continued to provide vital archaeological services in the program areas of National Register and environmental review. Moreover, staffs of both sections cooperated in a lengthy study leading to a plan to upgrade environmental tracking systems. Even with program cutbacks and restructuring, the HPO made significant strides in service. For instance, although the number of new tax credit projects increased just over 10 percent from the prior biennium, the total estimated rehabilitation expenditures jumped 74 percent, from $ 155.3million to $ 270.9million. That increase is a tremendous economic boost to Tar Heel historic neighborhoods and business districts. We continued Division of Historical Resources to expand our minority outreach by supporting the programs of the North Carolina Rosenwald Schools Community Project, an organization devoted to preserving the heritage of the state’s public schools built for African American students in the early twentieth century by the Julius Rosenwald Fund. In addition, through 814 consultations the HPO continued to build the planning and preservation capacity of local governments by training and advising members and staffs of the state’s more than eighty local historic preservation commissions. Finally, significantmilestones occurred in the retirements of two key staffmembers who helped build the HPO through the years. CatherineWard Bishir retired in January 2002 after thirty- one years of service. Ms. Bishir served in important administrative capacities including head of the Survey and Planning Branch and architectural survey coordinator. She also authored a number of distinguished works on North Carolina architectural history. In July 2002, A. L. Honeycutt Jr. retired after forty- four years of service. Mr. Honeycutt was head of the Restoration Branch and had served in that capacity since its organization in 1975. He was instrumental in developing North Carolina’s leading restoration services program and in implementing the state’s tax-credit program for the rehabilitation of certified historic structures. ADMINISTRATION Environmental Review The environmental review coordinator and staff processed approximately 4,875 projects for review and comment pursuant to state and federal laws in the first year of the biennium and 4,255 in the second, for a total of 9,130. The modest decrease in projects in the second year reflected the downturn in the state’s economy, consolidation within the cellular communications industry, and the winding down of recovery efforts following Hurricanes Fran and Floyd. Even so, the case load was 30 percent greater than that of the prior biennium. Because of tremendous turnover in the environmental review staff, vacancies, and sustained highwork load, staff developed forms for several types of reviews and posted them on the HPO’s website. To further streamline the review process and to incorporate changes in the Section 106 regulations, the HPO revised its standardized response paragraphs. Although no National Register- listed schools were abandoned during the reporting period, the number of schools fifty years old and older, slated either for abandonment or demolition, increased significantly. This trend is likely to continue as school districts respond to the increase in student population with local bond issues to build new schools. In Wake County the board of education organized a task force of local historical societies, Capital Area Preservation, the city and county preservation commissions, and the HPO to identify ways to reduce controversy over changes to historic neighborhood schools and the siting of new suburban schools. Federal and state- funded projects by the NCDOT continued to affect historic resources and require extensive consultation. These included seven bridge replacements and projects impacting archaeological sites that required memorandums of agreement, plus technical assistance for several transportation enhancement grants to rehabilitate historic train stations for continued use or conversion to visitor centers, museums, and community centers. Amemorandum of agreementwas also entered into for the FEDEX hub at the Piedmont Triad Airport. 27 Division of Historical Resources The U. S. Army at Fort Bragg and U. S. Marine Corps at Camp Lejeune demolished historic buildings as part of their space reduction programs or to construct new facilities. Both bases are working to develop programmatic agreements to address their many historic buildings and sites. Rather than demolish its historic buildings, Pope Air Force Base undertook the rehabilitation of its large World War II double hanger and senior officer housing. Preservation issues were also prominent along the Outer Banks with the state taking ownership of the historic Ocracoke and Oregon Inlet Coast Guard Stations, theWildlife Resources Commission proposing a major educational center on the grounds of the National Register- listed Whalehead Club, and the National Park Service planning to transfer the Corolla Beach Lighthouse under the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act. Historic Preservation Fund Grants The $ 898,680 federal FY 2001 Historic Preservation Fund ( HPF) allocation to North Carolina supported a total of $ 132,980 in Certified and non- Certified Local Government grants. Sixteen Certified Local Governments ( CLGs) were granted a total of $ 94,580, and $ 38,400 was distributed among eight non- CLG projects. In contrast, the FY 2002 HPF allocation to the state was $ 746,638, or 17 percent less than the previous year. The HPO awarded a total of $ 75,000 to nine CLG projects and did not fund any non- CLGrequests. The FY2002 $ 75,000 grant award to local governments is a 44 percent drop from the previous year���s total. The HPO received no state legislative appropriations for local grants during the biennium. For a list of the FY 2001 and FY 2002 grant- funded local projects, please refer to Appendix 10. Publications During the biennium, senior architectural historian Catherine Bishir and senior historian Michael Southern completed the manuscript of A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Piedmont North Carolina, to be published by the University of North Carolina Press in the spring of 2003. The book is the third and final volume in a series of field guides to the state’s historic architecture that includes previously published books on eastern North Carolina ( 1996) and western North Carolina ( 1999). SURVEY AND PLANNING BRANCH Despite sharp budget cut- backs and resultant staff reductions during the biennium, the Survey and Planning Branch met a steadily rising demand for services as it administered an unusually large number of architectural survey projects, reviewed and processed 30 percentmoreNational Register nominations than in the previous biennium, and assisted a growing number of local preservation commissions. Improved efficiency resulting from ongoing efforts to streamline operations was an important factor in the branch’s ability to meet these daunting challenges. In 2000, an unexpected increase in federal historic preservation grants to the HPO boosted efforts to complete the first sweep of the statewide architectural survey and to update surveys initially conducted in the 1970s and early 1980s. The Richmond County survey was completed, bringing the number of the state’s comprehensively surveyed counties to sixty- four, and comprehensive surveys were begun in Harnett, Rockingham, andWatauga Counties. A survey of Roanoke Island and the Outer Banks of Currituck and Dare Counties, and an update of the Alamance County survey also got under way. 28 Division of Historical Resources A number of cities and towns had major survey update projects, including Fayetteville andHigh Point, begun in the previous bienniumand completed in 2001; Morehead City and Swansboro, undertaken in 2000- 2001 with local funding; and Chapel Hill and Concord, begun in 2001 and nearing completion. InWilmington, a series of three survey update projects ( two of which began in the previous biennium and were completed in 2000 and 2001) will result early in the next biennium in a National Register nomination for an expansion of theWilmington Historic District, making it by far the state’s largest National Register district, with more than four thousand properties. Thematic surveys begun earlier and completed during this reporting period include a study of Mecklenburg County’s industrial and educational properties, post- World War II construction in Charlotte, and African American resources in Gaston County. Two architectural survey publications were released during the biennium: The Architecture of Warren County, North Carolina, 1770s to 1860s, by Kenneth McFarland; and a second, revised edition of The Architecture of Rowan County: A Catalogue and History of Surviving 18th, 19th, and Early 20th Century Structures, written by Davyd Foard Hood and first published in 1983. Those books are based on surveys supported by the HPO. Staff also oversaw manuscript preparation for the forthcoming publication of the survey of Cleveland County. The ongoing project to facilitate use of survey data by creating computerized county indexes of the more than 80,000 survey files maintained by the branch continued with production of indexes for five counties ( Cumberland, Franklin, Granville, Greene, and Rockingham) and updating of existing indexes, necessitated by the completion of recent survey projects, in Beaufort, Carteret, Cleveland, Gaston, Mecklenburg, New Hanover, and Richmond Counties. The large number of survey and National Register historic district nomination projects conducted in 2000- 2002 was responsible for the marked increase in the output of the staff photographer and the photography clerk and interns: 1,778 rolls of photographic film processed ( an increase of almost 34 percent over the previous biennium); 6,418 photographic prints made for National Register nominations and publications; and 34,923 negatives prepared for accessioning by the State Archives ( an increase of almost 59 percent). National Register of Historic Places program activity continued to grow with the listing of 148 properties in 61 counties, as compared to 114 listings in 53 counties during the previous period. This 30 percent increase in listings follows the 48 percent increase of the 1998- 2000 biennium and is attributable in large part to the continuing popularity of the state’s historic preservation tax credit program. Major nomination projects of key districts and properties were completed for the municipalities of Albemarle, Blowing Rock, Charlotte, Clinton, Durham, Elkin, Forest City, Gastonia, Greensboro, Hendersonville, Highlands, Hillsborough, Kings Mountain, Liberty, Princeville, Raleigh, Sanford, Siler City, Snow Hill, and Winston- Salem. The period also saw several significant nominations for rural areas, including the Cowee- West’sMill Historic District in Macon County; the Green Level, New Hill, andWalnut Hill historic districts inWake County; and the Averasboro Battlefield Historic District in Cumberland and Harnett Counties. The number of properties and districts submitted for placement on the National Register Study List remained high at 322, with 135 submitted by the public and 187 by consultants at the conclusion of architectural surveys. Finally, in regard to registration activity, the National Park Service gave particular honor to state historic resources by designating as National Historic Landmarks the Bethania Historic District in Forsyth County and the Wright Brothers National Memorial Visitor Center in Dare County. 29 Division of Historical Resources The local preservation commission coordinator’s 814 consultations with the state’s local historic preservation commissions, an 8 percent rise over the previous reporting period, testify to the state’s strong grass- roots interest in preserving the special character of historic landmarks and districts. The establishment of new commissions in Black Mountain, Cornelius, Louisburg, and Mooresville, coupled with a dramatic rise in the number of local designation reports reviewed by staff— 110 reports, or 80 percentmore than in 1998- 2000— also attests to this interest. The governments of Eden, Edenton, Thomasville, and Waynesville were certified as meeting the criteria for local preservation commissions set forth by the National Historic Preservation Amendments Act of 1980, bringing to 56 the total number of active Certified Local Governments ( CLGs). ( A map and list of CLGs can be found in Appendix 11.) The 12 percent reduction in staff consultations, from 10,253 in 1998- 2000 to 9,058 in the current biennium, largely reflects position vacancies. Severe budget constraints that restricted travel led to sharp declines in field visits to historic properties by staff, from 467 to 290, a drop of 38 percent, and in lectures and publicmeetings on the state’s preservation programs and aspects of North Carolina architecture, which decreased 27 percent, from 119 to 87. In contrast, staff review of Part 1 applications for certifications of buildings as historic properties under the federal historic preservation investment tax credit program rose 16 percent, to 131. Statewide events conducted by staff included a training session for the North Carolina National Register Advisory Committee in February 2002. Melinda Coleman coordinated the 2001 statewide conference for local historic preservation commissions, which was co- sponsored by the city of Asheville. Ms. Coleman also coordinated a training conference for local preservation commission staff, held in Raleigh in December 2001. Severalmembers of the staff continued the branch’s traditional role of helping to coordinate tracks and deliver presentations at Preservation North Carolina’s annual meetings, held in New Bern in 2000 and in Statesville in 2001. Also during the biennium, branch staff worked closely with the N. C. Rosenwald Schools Community Project ( RSCP), an organization devoted to preserving the heritage of the state’s public schools built for African American students between the late 1910s and early 1930s with financial assistance from the Julius Rosenwald Fund. Ann Swallow conducted an informal roundtable on the National Register program at the regional conference sponsored by the RSCP in Charlotte in April 2001. In April 2002, Claudia Brown assisted the RSCP in coordinating a two- day event in Raleigh recognizingWake County’s Rosenwald schools, at which Ms. Brown and Nancy Van Dolsen made presentations. Also with the RSCP, the branch began coordinating a statewide survey of Rosenwald schools conducted by volunteers. RESTORATION BRANCH Only one project, the HoyleHouse inGaston County, received a federal Certified Local Government ( CLG) grant for developmental restoration work during the biennium ( FY 2001). Grant recipients requested and received technical services offered by restoration specialists and preservation architects. Ongoing state grant- in- aid projects, CLG, and non- CLG grant projects were monitored a total of 707 times. Technical information was given 654 times to project architects, contractors, and local preservation groups. See Appendix 12 for more detailed information on these and other projects. 30 Division of Historical Resources 31 Branch staff reviewed plans and specifications 94 times for 50 state- owned properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places under G. S. 121- 12( a), and provided technical services 446 times for 101 state- owned properties. Many of the state- owned building projects required a considerable amount of staff time, including the State Capitol and the Leonidas Polk House in Raleigh; the Chowan County Courthouse in Edenton; Fort Macon at Atlantic Beach; the Somerset Place plantation complex in Washington County; the Tryon Palace complex in New Bern; the North Carolina School for Science and Math campus and McLean Hall at North Carolina Central University, both in Durham; and the Thomas Wolfe House in Asheville. Staff reviewed plans and specifications 235 times for 152 environmental review projects, and technical information was provided a total of 643 times for 184 projects. The review and advising of projects at Pope Air Force Base and Fort Bragg in Cumberland County, and Camp Lejeune in Onslow County involved much staff time. Staff also reviewed and offered advice on several projects involving historic train depots, including those in Greensboro, High Point, Hamlet, Rockingham, Rowland, Selma, and Wilson. Other environmental review projects included the Imperial Tobacco Center in Rocky Mount, the Glencoe Mill Village in Alamance County, and the Chicamacomico Lifesaving Station in Dare County. The branch reviewed 133 proposed income- producing historic rehabilitation projects with a total estimated rehabilitation cost of $ 205,611,312, and 82 completed projects with a total estimated cost of $ 101,024,482. In comparison, the restoration branch reviewed 152 proposed projects with an estimated expenditure of $ 130,388,068, and 82 completed projects with a total estimated cost of $ 62,472,129 during the last biennium. Information and application packets on the federal and state income- producing tax credits were sent to 720 historic property owners and developers in 84 counties. In addition, the branch reviewed 294 proposed non- income- producing historic rehabilitation tax credit projects with a total estimated rehabilitation cost of $ 65,255,428, and 152 completed projects with a total cost of $ 17,118,902. This was an increase from 236 proposed projects, with an estimated expenditure of $ 24,950,116, reviewed during the last period. Information and application packets on the state non- income- producing tax credit were sent to 966 historic property owners in 80 counties. For a complete listing of historic preservation tax credit projects, see Appendix 13. The Restoration Branch employed two intern architects, Anne Raines and Eric Leland, from May to December 2001, to assist the tax credit coordinators with the backlog of application reviews. Local consultation services for municipal and county government agencies, non- profit organizations, and private individuals continued to be an important work item for restoration specialists, preservation architects, and the branch head, despite increased work loads in other areas. Technical advice was provided a total of 16,092 times on state and federal grant projects, state- owned and environmental review projects, preservation tax credit projects, and local consultation projects in 97 counties. This represented an increase of 15 percent in consultations from 14,007 times in all 100 counties reported during the last biennium. The senior preservation architect reviewed six historic properties subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA) accessibility guidelines, and advised ADA- related projects twenty- four times. During the biennium, branch staff gave fifty- eight workshops, talks, and slide lectures to local preservation organizations, historic district commissions, downtown Division of Historical Resources revitalization organizations, and other interested groups. Twenty- three tax credit workshops were also conducted, including those held in Ahoskie, Creswell, Durham, Farmville, Greensboro, Greenville, Halifax County, Hickory, New Bern, Raleigh, Reidsville, Research Triangle Park, Robersonville, Williamston, andWinston- Salem, as well as a presentation on tax credits at theHistoric PreservationCommissionworkshop in Sanford. EASTERN OFFICE In October 2000, longtime employee Stan Little was transferred to the N. C. TransportationMuseum in Spencer. His vacated position, office assistant III, one of the original positions assigned to the Eastern Office in 1983, was lost to budgetary cuts. In addition, the office lost three staff members stationed in the Eastern Office from sister agencies when David Minor ( computer technology, Office of the Secretary), KaeLi Spiers ( recordsmanager, Archives and Records Section), and Billy Allen ( microfilmer, Archives and Records Section) were recalled to Raleigh. This left the Eastern Office with only four full- time positions. Temporary employee Raymetta Stancil filled in as the office assistant until the fall of 2001 when all departmental temporary staffmembers were let go. This biennium has been a time of reduced staff, mounting work loads, and rearrangement of priorities. As budgetary concerns dominated the period, adjustments were made to complete routine and special projects. Public requests were again received from all twenty- three counties in the eastern territory with a steady increase inNational Register inquiries and restoration consultations. Several National Register historic district projects and expansions have encouraged new tax act projects. The lack of grant funding because of the budgetary crisis has prevented any county survey projects from being initiated in the region. Several architectural survey publication projects were begun, however, with private funds. Those publication projects include the Greene County survey and the Hyde County survey. Jones County has yet to begin its survey publication, but the local historical society has started discussions with a consultant. Restoration projects continued to demand much staff time in the Eastern Office. The Old Beaufort Courthouse in Carteret County— a project begun in 1999— was completed and dedicated with much fanfare in 2001. The project was supervised by JohnWood and won an American Association of State and Local History Preservation Award. Wood also assisted with the restoration of the former Grainger High School in Kinston, Lenoir County, that combined money from both HUD and Community Development block grants, as well as restoration tax credits, to produce a showcase for low- income housing for the elderly. Reid Thomas oversaw the reconstruction of the kitchen building at Gov. David Stone’s home, Hope Plantation in Bertie County. Another award- winning project, the kitchen building, was dedicated in the fall of 2001 with the state’s First Lady Mary Easley as the featured speaker. The biennium ended on a positive notewith Reid Thomas being awarded aQuinque Fellowship to study building conservation in Scotland from May through July 2002. Mr. Thomas traveled throughout Scotland studying building technology under extraordinary organizations such as Historic Scotland and the National Trust for Scotland. The trip included a week at West Dean College in southern England for a restoration course on timber framing. 32 Division of Historical Resources WESTERN OFFICE John L. Beaver, Regional Supervisor TheWestern Office assisted with planning and implementing the annualmeeting of the North Caroliniana Society, held at the North Carolina Arboretum near Asheville on June 16, 2001. This was the first time the meeting had been held outside Chapel Hill. The Society honored Wilma Dykeman for her contributions to North Carolina’s historical and cultural heritage. The office also provided assistance to Friends of Mountain History, and the regional supervisor served on its board of directors. Friends of Mountain History awards seed grants to historical and cultural groups in western North Carolina. As of July 2002, a total of thirteenmatching grants had been completed or were ongoing. Harrah’s in Cherokee awarded the Friends a $ 25,000 challenge grant; another grant in the same amount was received from AdvantageWest. The Western Office continued to coordinate National History Day regional competitions, held atA. C. Reynolds High School in Asheville in 2001 and at Cherokee Middle School in Cherokee in 2002. Office staff assisted with recruitment, registration, awards, judging, and logistics. The program is designed to promote interest in history among students and to encourage them to develop skills in historical research and presentation. Assistance was provided to the Carl Sandburg National Historic Site in Flat Rock concerning development of a comprehensive management plan. Staff members from theWestern Office were recognized by the Historic Burke Foundation at the dedication of Quaker Meadows in Morganton for their ongoing help with the restoration project. Plans for theOteen Center project are being reviewed as new sources of funding are investigated. Originally the project was to be funded fromRepair and Renovation funds allocated during the 1999 General Assembly session. These funds were cut to aid flood victims in eastern North Carolina, and no additionalmoneywas provided for the project during later sessions. Office staff was saddened by the retirement of J. Ronald Holland in June 2001. He had served as director of the Western Office since its formation in 1978. John Beaver was promoted to regional supervisor in October 2001. ARCHIVES AND RECORDS The analyst conducted 374 records management and micrographic consultations including 171 site visits. He provided assistance with the maintenance of micrographic systems and the security microfilming of records to over thirty county and municipal agencies. Before being transferred back to Raleigh in mid- 2001, the field- microfilmer position assigned to theWestern Office filmed approximately 291,000 pages of county and municipal records scheduled for permanent preservation. This included records from the City of Asheville ( Buncombe County), the towns ofBiltmore Forest ( Buncombe County), Dallas ( Gaston County), West Jefferson ( Ashe County), and High Shoals ( GastonCounty), and the registers of deeds offices of Alleghany, Cherokee, Mitchell, and Transylvania Counties. The analyst provided records retention and disposition assistance to various county and municipal agencies, including Buncombe County Sheriff’s Department, Gaston County Police Department, Shelby City Schools ( Cleveland County), Henderson County Health Department, Swain County Department of Social Division of Historical Resources Services, the Town ofMaiden ( Catawba County), and the Land of Sky Regional Council of Government ( Buncombe County). He presented four records management workshops attended by approximately ninety county andmunicipal employees. He also assisted with projects to update records retention schedules for local boards of elections, county departments of social services, and veterans’ affairs agencies. In the area of archival services, the analyst provided assistance regarding the arrangement, description, and/ or preservation of collections under the care of the Episcopal Diocese of Western North Carolina ( Buncombe County), the First Baptist Church of Forest City ( Rutherford County), the Transylvania County Historic Properties Commission, the Cherokee County Historical Museum, the Southern Highlands Craft Guild ( Buncombe County), the Swannanoa Valley Museum ( Buncombe County), Six Associates Architectural Firm ( Buncombe County), the Lincoln County Historical Museum, Mars Hill College ( Madison County), the Jackson County Genealogical Society, Historic Johnson Farm ( Henderson County), the University of North Carolina at Asheville ( UNC- A), and the Black Mountain College Museum and Arts Center ( Buncombe County). He assisted the Interlibrary Cooperation Committee of the State Library Commission with a statewide project to increase access to unique local collections of archival materials, and he continued to serve as chairman of the Appalachian Consortium’s Regional Collections Committee. He also agreed to serve a one- year term as president of the Mountain Area Cultural Resources Emergency Network and to participate as a judge in regionalHistory Day competitions. He spoke to classes atUNC- A on using local history resources, assisted with aworkshop on disaster response and recovery held in Asheville, and spoke at a genealogy conference inMacon County on preserving historical family records. He also assisted with the transfer of approximately eighty- five cubic feet of court records from Burke, Mitchell, and Transylv |
| OCLC number | 52608512 |
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