library of
ill]c Untccrsity of Hortb Carolina
COLLECTION OF
NORTH C A R O L I N I A N A
ENDOWED B Y -
JOHN S P R U N T HILL
of the class of 1889
This book must not
be token from the
Librory building.
Form No. 471
'J^
:J5
\^
BULLETIN
OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA BOAOD OF HEALTH.
Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C.
SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.
H. T. Bahnson, M. D., Pres.,. Salem.
R. H. Lewis, M. D., Raleigh,
J. M. Baker, M. D., Tarboro.
J. A. Hodges, M. D Fayetteville.
W. D. HiLLiARD, M. D.. ...... Asheville.
J. H. Tucker, M. D., Henderson.
Prof. F. P. Venable Chapel Hill.
J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . Winston.
,Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington.
Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter.
Vol. VI. APRIL, 1891. No. I.
Summary of Reports from County Superin-tendents
of Health for' March, 1891.
Ahimancr—Dr. G. W. Long, Graham. La
Grippe exists in a very aggra- ated forni, and
measles has been prevaler' in some sections.
The sanitary condition of the jail is fair; that
of the work-house fair; some of the houses at the
poor-house are good, while others are not.
Some of the inmates are physically and men-tally
unable, and others indisposed to keep
clean; but things are about as good as the
present appropriation will admit.
Alexander—Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville.
There has been an epidemic of La Grippe,
complicated with pneumonia, all over the
county. Staggers has been epidemic among
horses The sanitary condition of the county
is very good, so far as I know; that of the pub-lic
.buildings is good, except as regards the
court-house, part of which is used principally
for a privy, hence sanitation is not very perfect
there. There are no efforts being made to im-prove
the condition of things.
Alleghany—No Board of Health,
Anson—Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro. There
has been a general epidemic of La Grippe
attended with little fatality, complicated in a
few cases with pneumonia. The fatal cases
have been principally among young children
and aged per.sons. The jail is in good sanitary
condition. The court-house is in a bad condi-tion,
but the Commissioners have decided to
have it repaired. Poor-house in good condi-tion.
Ashe—No Board of Health.
Beaufort—Dr. W. A. Blount, Washington.
No report.
Bertie—No Board of Health.
Bladen—Dr. Newton Robinson, Elizabeth-town.
The sanitary condition of the county is
good. A few cases of measles and whooping-cough
have occurred. The sanitary condition
of the public buildings is first-class.
Brunswick—No Board of Health.
Buncombe—Dr. H. B. Weaver, Asheville.
'
There have been reported thirty cases of
measles, ten of whooping-cough, five of scarla-tina,
ten of diphtheria and three of typhoid fever.
La Grippe still lingers in the county, with
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
more or less complications; but few deaths
from it. There have been but three deaths
from diphtheria and scarlet fever out of fifteen
cases; from measles, two deaths. All the pub-lic
buildings are in good condition, except the
police department, which will be improved.
Burke—Dr. J- L. Laxton, Morganton. No
report.
Cabarrus—Dr. R. S. Young, Concord.
There have been reported twenty cases of
measles, seven of whooping-cough and four of
typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the
county is good; also that of the public build-ings.
Caldxvell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. La
Grippe has prevailed in all parts of the county,
causing a number of cases of pneumonia and
other serious sickness.
Camden—No Board of Health.
Carteret—Dr. M, F. Arendell, Morehead
City. We have had La Grippe in a mild form
all over the county. The sanitary condition of
the county is good. Our towns are improving
in their sanitary condition, and our public build-ings
are kept clean and nice.
Caswell—Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville.
Pneumonia and influenza have prevailed
all over the county, and children have suffered
from croup and bronchitis. The general sani-tary
condition of the county is as good as could
be expected from the amount of rain-fall.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is good.
Catawba.—Dr. J. M. McCorkle, Newton.
Measles, mumps and whooping-cough have
prevailed in some portions of the county. The
sanitary condition of the county is good; also
that of the public buildings.
Chatham—Dr. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro.
Four cases of scarlatina have been reported.
La Grippe _has prevailed in all parts of the
county. The health of the county at present
is good. Pneumonia has occurred, and some
chicken-pox among the little folks. Our pub-lic
buildings are in good condition and well
kept.
Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy.
There have been several cases of La Grippe
and three cases of inflammatory rheumatism,
with one death from the last named disease.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is good.
Chowan—Dr. R. H. Winborne, Barnitz.
A few cases of diphtheria have been reported.
There has been about the average prevalence
of pneumonia in the county. The sanitary
condition of the county is as good as I have
ever known it for March—mostly diseases of
the respiratory system. La Grippe has oc-curred
in Edenton and in portions of the county
on Albemarle Sound. The sanitary condition
of the public buildings is good.
Clay—^o Board of Hea''^
Cleveland—Dr. O. P. Gardner, Shelby.
Pneumonia and La Grippe have ;7.Tevailed in
many portions of the county. The sanitary
condition of the county is good; also that of
the public buildings.
Columbus—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. The
sanitary condition of the county is very good.
Outside of a few cases of measles I hear of
very little sickness in the county. The sani-tary
condition of the public buildings is good.
Craven—Dr. Leinster Duffy, New Berne.
Measles and mumps have prevailed throughout
the city and county. Diphtheria and scarlatina
have occurred. La Grippe, and respiratory
diseases generally, have been very prevalent.
The death-rate, however, has been compara-tively
small. Public buildings are kept in
pretty fair condition.
Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-ville.
The sanitary condition of the county is
not very good on account of so much rain and
mud. The sanitary condition of the public
buildings is tolerably good.
Currituck—No Board of Health.
Dare—^o Board of Health.
Davidson—Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., Lexington.
Two cases of small-pox have occurred. These
cases occurred in the practice of Drs. Payne
& Son, and at first puzzled us somewhat as to
diagnosis, but they were undoubtedly small-pox.
The adult so afflicted died; the child,
who had only a few pocks on her, is recover-ing,
but is distinctly pitted. Early in the his-
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
tory our suspicions were aroused, and prompt
isolation and vaccination of all those who
were exposed to possible contagion were
practiced with the most gratifying results. No
spread of the disease is apprehended. I hear
of measles in one section of the country. No
change in the condition of the public buildings
since my last report.
Davie—No Board of Health.
Duplin—Dr. J. W. Blount, Kenansville.
Measles and La Grippe have prevailed in some
sections of the county. We have had a few
cases of pneumonia, and bowel troubles have
been quite severe. Scabies spread in some
sections. The sanitary condition of the public
buildings is good.
Diirhat,^—Vix. N. iM. Johnson, Durham.
The health of the county is fairly good; that of
the poor-house and work-house is not as good
as it should be, on account of poor buildings.
Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tarboro.
There have been reported seven cases of measles
and ten or twelve of scarlatina. The latter
has prevailed in the upper parts near the Hali-fax
line. The jail is new and m good condition.
Forsyth—Dr. D. N. Dalton, Winston.
Quite a number of cases of measles and whoop-ing-
cough and two cases of typhoid fever have
been reported. The sanitary condition of the
county is good. La Grippe has been quite
prevalent, with some pneumonia. The sani-tary
condition of the public buildings is good.
Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg.
Measles is prevailing in this place and many
other portions of the county. The health of
the county, so far as I have been able to learn,
was never better. With the above exception,
[^ there has been no sickness worth noting. The
v^ sanitary condition of thepublic buildings isgood.
Gaston—'Dr. E B. Holland, Dallas. La
Grippe and pneumonia have prevailed. The
sanitary condition of the county and public
T^ buildings is good.
Gates—No Board of Health.
Graham—No Board of Health.
Granville—T>r. J. M. Hays, Oxford. There
have occurred about seventy-five cases of
measles. La Grippe is still prevalent, but not
fatal. The sanitary condition of the county and
public buildings is very good.
Greene—T)r. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. La
Grippe has prevailed in the county, and there
have been reported several cases of pneumonia
and chicken-pox. The sanitary condition of
the county and public buildings is good.
Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro.
Distemper has been epidemic among horses
and dogs. There has not been a great deal of
sickness during the past month. The princi-pal
trouble has been pneumonia and bron-chitis
and some malaria. Several cases of La
Grippe reported. Some of the pneumonia has
been especially malignant and difficult to man-age.
The sanitary condition of the public
buildings, other than the jail, is quite good.
The jail would pass muster, but for the bad
arrangement of the waste-pipes, or outlet to
the excrement from the privies. However, we
need a new jail. The " King's Daughters"
are building a hospital in Greensboro, and we
hope for great good from it.
Halifax—Dx. A. B. Pierce, Weldon. Re-port
lost in the mails.
Harneii—No Board of Health.
Llaywood—Dr. R. L. Allen, Waynesville.
No report.
Henderson—Dr. W. B. Reese, Henderson-ville.
Pneumonia and measles have prevailed,
with some rheumatism. We have had inces-sant
rain. There have been reported two
cases of rabies in dogs, with the inoculation of
ten or twelve hogs from bites of the dogs. The
sanitary condition of the public buildings is
good.
Hertford—No Board of Health.
Hyde—No Board of Health.
Iredell— Dx. M. W. Hill, Statesville. No
report.
Jackson—Dr. J. M. Candler, Dillsboro.
Measles has prevailed in the southern part of
the county. The sanitary condition of the
county is very good; entirely free from fevers.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is good.
Johnston—Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smithfield.
Whooping-cough, measles and influenza have
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
prevailed. The sanitary condition of the
county and public buildings is good.
Jones—Dr. C. B. Woodley, Trenton. In-fluenza,
with pneumonia and bronchitis, have
prevailed in all portions of the county. Dr.
Ward also reports mumps and distemper. So
far as as can be learned, the sanitary condition
of the county is good; that of the public
buildings is also good. The County Commis-sioners
intend selling the poor-house property,
which is in the woods, and buying a place
nearer town and on the public road.
Lenoir—No Board of Health.
Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Crouse, Lincolnton.
Whooping-cough and bronchial troubles have
prevailed in some portions of the county. The
sanitary condition of the county and public
buildings is good.
Macon—Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. La
Grippe has prevailed in every portion of the
county. The sanitary condition of the county
and public buildings is good.
Madison—No Board of Health.
Mariin—Dr. W. H. Harrell, Williamston.
Coughs, colds, etc., have prevailed. We have
had no serious sickness for the past month,
though catarrhal affections of the respiratory
tract have been prevalent. La Gri/pe hasheen
general, though not serious. Poor-house and
jail have recently been renovated and are in
excellent condition.
McDowell — Dr. J. H. Gilkey, Marion.
Catarrhal affections have prevailed in some
portions. Other than these, there has been
but little sickness. The general sanitary con-dition
of the county and public buildings is
good.
Alecklenburg—No Board of Health.
Mitchell—Dx. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. La
Grippe is still raging in all parts of the county.
There have been reported three cases of
whooping-cough and one of typhoid fever.
The sanitary condition of the county is not
good. There is considerable sickness all over
the county. The jail is in as good condition as
it is possible to keep one so small. The Com-missioners
are thinking of building a new one
in the near future. The poor-house is kept
clean and healthful.
Montgomery—Dr. F. E. Asbury, Asbury.
There have been reported about thirty cases of
measles. Some parts of the county are in
good sanitary condition, while others are not.
The jail is not in very good condition, there
being lack of ventilation. There is talk of a
new one. The poor-house is in good condition.
Moore—Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carthage.
Measles has prevailed in different parts of the
county. There has been a great dt-al of sick-ness
during March, principally measles and
influenza; a few cases of whooping-cough in the
eastern parts. No new cases of meningitis
since February. There has been a great deal
of wet weather. Public buildings are in very
good condition.
A^ask—Dr. G. W. Lewis, Spring Hope.
Measles has been prevalent, but in a mild
form. The sanitary condition of the county
is good—no sickness other than measles. Our
county board are going to make some improve-ments
in our jail, soon, in the way of m'lte
buildings. Jail is a good one and well kept.
A''ew Honover—Dr. F. W. Potter, Wilming-ton.
Pneumonia has obtained in quite a num-ber
of cases of measles, especially among
those who have recently come to the city (living
in damp and open houses). La Grippe is
prevalent, and in some cases of measles is pre-eminent
above ordinary catarrhal symptoms. I
have called the attention of our authorities to
the unsanitary condition of the market-houses;
also an open run, or ditch, in the rear of the
" Racket Store." I have asked for a fuinace
for the cremation of garbage, but wiihout
avail. There have been reported twenty-eight
cases of measles, two of diphtheria, three of
typhoid fever, two of pernicious and two of
haeinorrhagic malarial fever. There has been an
epidemic of catarrhal troubles in horses. The
jail is in good condition. Poor-houte is in bet-ter
order than usual; the inmates are requiied
to take a full bath once a week, and to air
their bedding often.
N'orthampton—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jackson.
No report.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Onslo7v—Dr. J. L. Nicholson, Richlands.
Many cases of measles and two of typhoid
fever have occurred. General and widespread
ci'tnplaint conies from every section of the
couniy, because of the severe epidemic of La
Giippe. Mumps al^o prevalent. The jail
remains in good condition; that of the pocr-hou
«e yet very poir.
Orangi—Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. Some
ca-ises of measles have occurred. Catarrhal
diseases have prevailed in all portions
of the county. Sanitary condition of the
coun'y quite good in spite of the great abun-dance
of rain. Influenza, pneumonia, bron-chitis
and rheumatism have prevailed. Sani-tary
condition i>f public buildings faiily good.
Pamlico—No Board of Health.
Pasquotank—No Board of Health.
Pender—Ur. S. S Satchwell, Burgaw. Five
cases of typhoid fever have been reported.
Measles and La Grippe have extensively pre-vailed
as rpidemics, and often combined with
pneumonia. The warm weather has developed
malaria, complicating the other diseases and
rendering them more difficult to treat.
Pejqiiimans—No Board of Health.
Person—No Board of Healih.
Pitt—Dr. B. T. Cox, Redalia. La Grtppe
has prevailed throughout the county; many cases
quite severe, but not many deaths from it.
Measles and whooping-cough have traversed
many sections of the county. Pneumonia,
bronchitis and malaria have been reported,
and some eczema; also a few cases of teething
diarrhoea among children. Distemper among
horses and cholera among hogs has been re-ported.
Permission was granted by the last
Legislature for the county authorities to sell
the old poor-house and select a new site for a
new building, but it has been decided to let it
remain as it is.
Polk—V)x. H. D. Shankle, Mills' Spring.
Mumps has prevailed in several parts of the
county, and one case of typhoid fever has been
reported. The sanitary condition of the county
is some better than it was a month ago. We
have had a great deal of pneumonia, La Grippe.,
mumps, etc., all caused by negligence and
exposure. There has been an epidemic of
chicken cholera. There are no efforts being
made to improve the condition of the public
buildings, w-hich should be in better condition
than they are.
Randolph—Dr. J. W. Long, Randleman.
La Grippe, catarrhal fevers, pneumonia and
rheumatism have prevailed. Two cases of
measles, "lots of whooping-cough," one c.ise
of diphtheria, and one each of typhoid fever,
cholera infantum and hemorrhagic malarial
fever have occurred. Have received repoi ts
from Drs. Malone, Redding and Daligny.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is as good as can be with such buildings as they
are. I met a committee from our grand jury
in March, and went over with them the poor-house
and all its interests, and they reported
an urgent need for a new building and more
room. What may come of it remains to be
seen.
Richtnond—Dr. J. M. Covington, Rocking-ham.
Three cases of scarlatina have been
reported. La Grippe and catarrhs have pre-vailed
in all parts of the county. The sanitary
condition of the county is good; that of the
public buildings is not what it should be, and
will never be until improved methods of sani-tation
are adopted. I have presented the case
of our jail to the Commissioners several times,
but, as yet, without any good results.
Robison—Dr. R. F. Lewis Lumberton. The
county is in fair sanitary condition. The pub-lic
buildings are in good condition; improve-ments
are contemplated.
Rockingham—No Board of Health.
Rowan—Dr. J. J. Summerell, Salisbury.
Many cases of measles and whooping-c^ugh
have occurred. Za Grippe, and catarrhs gen-erally,
have prevailed in many portions of the
county. The sanitary condition of the county
is as reported at the time of the last report.
The jail and poor-house are in good sanitary
condition. Repairs are needed at the court-house,
and alterations are needed in the jail.
Rutherford—Dr. W. A. Thompson, Cliff-dale.
La Grippe and pneumonia have pre-vailed
in portions of the county. The sanitary
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OFTHEALTH.
condition of the county is as good as you will
find in most counties, but is far from good.
The water-closets, and other buildings danger-ous
to public health, are often placed on a
higher level than the water supply, with the
result of the direct contamination of the water.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is as good as the arrangement of the buildings
will admit.
Sampson—Dr. J, A. Stevens, Clinton. In-fluenza
and measles are very prevalent. A few
cases of pneumonia and many of bronchial
affections. The sanitary condition of the
poor-house is good; that of the jail is not as
good as it should be.
Stanly—Y)x. D. P. Whitley, Plyler. La
Grippe, measles and whooping-cough have pre-vailed
in various localities. There has been
an epidemic of distemper among horses. Have
had an abundance of catarrhal affections; some
pneumonia. The sanitary condition of the
public buildings is moderately good. There
has been an improvement in the public school-houses
recently. Our court-house is unsafe
and unfit for use.
Stokes—Dr. W. V. McCauless, Danbury.
Measles and pneumonia have prevailed in the
middle portions. The sanitary condition of
the county is good; that of the public buildings
is fair.
Surry—No Board of Health.
Swain—Dr. R. L. Davis, Bryson City.
Three cases of measles have been reported.
The sanitary condition of the county is as good
or better than it has been for several years.
The public buildings are in about as good con-dition
as they can be.
Transylvania—No Board of Health.
Tyrtell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia. We
have had the worst weather for the past two
months I ever saw; but still there is no sickness
to report.
Union—Dr. W. C. Ramsay, Monroe. La
Grippe and whooping-cough have prevailed in
some portions of the county, otherwise the
health of the county has been good. Poor-house
in good and jail in bad sanitary condi-tion.
Vance—Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson. Ten
cases of measles and five of whooping-cough
reported. There has been some distemper
among horses. The sanitary condition of the
county is good. The jail has been improved,
and it appears improved.
Wake—Dr. James McKee, Raleigh. There
have been reported thirty-two cases of measles,
one of scarlatina and three of mumps. Measles,
though now abating, has prevailed in an
epidemic form, but not at all fatal. Public
buildings are in admirable sanitary condition.
Private residences are being rapidly connected
with our sewer system, and thus a vast im-provement
of the city is noticeable. The
sanitary condition of the city and county is as
good as circumstances will admit. Continued
rains, overflowing streams and very muddy
streets and roads render work of all kinds
impracticable.
Warren—Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenton. No
report.
Washington—No Board of Health.
Watauga—Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. No
report.
Wayne—Dr. W^m. H. Cobb, acting, Golds-boro.
Measles, chicken-pox. La Grippe and
pneumonia have prevailed. Sanitary condition
of the public buildings is good.
Wilkes—No Board of Health.
Wilson — Dr. Albert Anderson, Wilson.
There have been reported thirty-eight cases of
measles, four cases of whooping-cough. Pneu-monia
and La Grippe have been the prevailing
diseases. One physician reports some cases of
dysentery. The sanitary condition of the pub-lic
buildings is good.
Yadkin—Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville,
Measles, whooping-cough and typhoid fever
have occurred. The first two, with mumps,
have prevailed in nearly all portions of the
county, There has been an epidemic of
chicken cholera. Pneumonia, rheumatism and
bronchial troubles have been common. The
death-rate has been very low. The sanitary
condition of the public buildings is bad, with
no efforts to improve the jail. The poor-house
will be removed this summer.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Frtwr^j— Dr. [J. L. Ray, Burnsville. La
Grippe has prevailed in nearly all portions of
the county. There has been a slight epidemic
of distemper among horses. The health of the
couniy is about as usual. The jail is not kept
very clean, and needs covering. A new poor-house
is being built, and will be finished soon.
Summary of Mortuary Statistics for March,
1891.
(fifteen towns.)
White. Col'd. Total.
Aggregate population. 56,814 46,312 103,126
Aggregate deaths 61 90 151
Temporary annual death-rate
per 1,000 129 233 15.6
Deaths under 5 years old, 52
Causes of death.
Typhoid fever o 2 2
Scarlet fever 01 i
Malarial fever i I 2
Diphtheria o I i
Whooping-cough o i i
Measles - 21 3
Pneumonia 7 9 • 16
Consumption 9 18 27
Brain diseases 01 i
Heart diseases 22 4
Neurotic* diseases 20 2
Diarrhoeal diseases 54 9
All other diseases 14 2S 42
Accident and violence i 3 4
Suicide 11 2
Still-born 6 6 12
50 79 129
Raleigh, unclassified. 11 11 22
Total. 61 90 151
Review of Diseases for March, 1891
Bronchitis—Reported from Caswelif Guil-ford,
Jones, Lincoln, Orange, Pitt and Samp-son—
7 counties.
Chicken-pox—From Chatham, Greene and
Wayne—3 counties.
Cholera {chickens)—From Polk and Yadkin
—
2 counties.
Cholera {hogs)—From Pitt.
Cholera Infantum—From Randolph.
Croup—From Caswell.
Diarrhcea—From Pitt.
Diphtheria — From Buncombe, Chowan,
Craven, New Hanover and Randolph—
5
counties.
Distemper—From Guilford, Jones, New
Hanover, Pitt, Stanly, Vance and Yancey
7 counties.
Dysentery—From Wilson.
Eczema—From Pitt.
La Grippe—From Alamance, -Alexander,
Anson, Buncombe, Caldwell, Carteret, Cas-well,
Chatham, Cherokee, Chowan, Cleveland,
Craven, Duplin, Forsyth, Gaston, Granville,
Greene, Guilford, Johnston, Jones, Macon,
Martin, Mitchell, Moore, New Hanover,
Onslow, Orange, Pender, Pitt, Polk, Ran-dolph,
Richmond, Rowan, Rutherford, Samp-son,
Stanly, Union, Wayne, Wilson and Yan-cey—
40 counties.
Malarial Fever—From Pendet and Pitt—
2
counties.
Malarial Fever {Hcemorrhagic)—From New
Hanover and Randolph—2 counties. •
Malarial Fever {pernicious)—From New
Hanover.
Measles—From Alamance, Bladen, Bun-combe,
Cabarrus, Catawba, Columbus, Craven,
Davidson, Duplin, Edgecombe, Forsyth, Frank-lin,
Granville, Henderson, Jackson, Mont-gomery,
Moore, Nash, New Hanover, Onslow,
Orange, Pender, Pitt, Randolph, Rowan,
Sampson, Stanly, Stokes, Swain, Vance,
Wake, Wayne, Wilson and Yadkin — 34
counties.
Mumps—From Catawba, Craven, Jones,
Onslow, Polk, Wake and Yadkin—7 counties.
Fneutnonia — From Alexander, Caldwell,
Caswell, Chatham, Chowan, Cleveland, Dup-lin,
Forsyth, Gaston, Greene, Guilford, Hen.
derson, Jones, New Hanover, Orange, Pender,
Pitt, Polk, Randolph, Rutherford, Sampson,
Stanly, Stokes, Wayne, Wilson and Yadkin
—
26 counties.
Rabies—From Henderson.
8 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Rheumatism — From Cherokee, Orange, Typhoid Fever—From Buncombe, CabaTus,
Randolph and Vadkin—4 counties. Forsyth, Milchell, New Hanover, Onslow,
Scabies—From Duplin. Pender, Polk, Randolph and Yadkin—lO
Scarlatina —From Buncombe, Chatham, counties.
Craven, Edgecombe, Richmond and Wake
—
Whooping- Cough—From Bladen, Buncombe,
6 counties. Cabarrus, Catawba, Forsyth, Johnston, Lin-
Sinall-pox—From Davidson. coin, Muchtll, Moore, Pitt, Randolph. Rowan,
Staggers—From Alexander and Anfon—
2
Stanly, Union, Vance, Wilson and Yadkin
—
counties. 17 counties.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Conclitiou of Jatls aud Poor-houses by <
lO BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Condttioii of Jails and Poor-houses hy Counties for
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. II
Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for March, 1891. (continued.
COUNTIES.
Pasquotank
Pender
Perquimans....
Person
Pitt
Polli
Randolpti
Richmond
Robeson
Rockingham...
Rowan
Ruthei-ford
Sampson
Stanly
Stokes
Surry
Swain
Transylvania.
Tyrrell
Union
Vance
Wake
Warren.
JAIL.
CO .
urs
C (» o
D ftu
<0 >^-^x
! MO
jSbX as
a - "£^ e^; ,: 0*
2
12
3
7
.560
916
11
6
2
1
2
680
*
6O0
1-2
4
38
25
19
13
11
15
16
110a
POOR-HOUSE.
oo
a&
ti ^
in « to »j
3
12 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Meteorological Report for march, 1891.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 13
BU LLETIN
OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C.
SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.
H. T. Bahnson, M. D., /"t-^j.,. Salem.
R. H. Lewis, M. D., Raleigh.
J. M. Baker, M. D., Tarboro.
J. A. Hodges, M. D Fayetteville.
W. D. HiLLiARD, M. D., Asheville.
J. H. Tucker, M. D Henderson.
Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill.
J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . Winston.
Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington.
Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter.
Vol. VI. MAY, 1 89 1. No. 2.
State Care of the Insane.
A public meeting, under the auspices of
State Charities Aid Association (New York), is
to be held on May ist, at Chickering Hall, to
commemorate the removal of over 2,000
insane persons from the poor-houses of the State,
and the completion of legislation in their behalf,
whereby, after a contest of four years dura-tion,
the poor-house system of caring for the
insane has been abolished, and the State as-sumes
henceforth the entire charge and main-tenance
of her dependent insane. The sup-port
of the community is also to be asked for
other reforms undertaken by the Association,
and among the speakers will be Ex-President
Grover Cleveland, Bishop Henry C. Potter
and Joseph H. Choate, Esq.
In future, the Meteorological Reports will
be prepared by the Agricultural Experiment
Station. Through the kindness of Dr. H. B.
Battle, Director, the Agricultural Experiment
Station has volunteered to furnish these reports
each month, and as the number of Stations re-porting
will be increased about fifty per cent.,
and the proof of the tables revised by the
Agricultural Experiment Station, this part of
The Bulletin will be much more valuable
than heretofore. This Board acknowledges
the courtesy of the Experiment Station with
thanks.
An Epidemic of " Small Parks " is invited
for the city of Boston, as we learn from the
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, which
says: "A committee of the Boston City Gov-ernment
gave a hearing last week on the peti-tion
of Robert Provan, M. D., and others,
that the city set apart a few open spaces in the
tenement districts, from half an acre to two acres
in size, which would furnish spaces for recrea-tion
and sports."
Review of Diseases for April, 1891.
Bronchitis — Reported from Jones, Pitt,
Rowan, Sampson and Stanly—5 counties.
Chicken Cholera—From Wilson.
Chicken-Pox—From Greene and Warren
—
2 counties.
Diarrhoea—From Columbus, Edgecombe,
Rowan, Stanly and Union—5 counties.
l6 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Diphtheria —From Cherokee, Randolph,
Stokes and Wake—4 counties.
Distemper—From Mitchell, Pitt, Stanly and
Vance—4 counties.
Dysentery—From Alamance, Greene, Moore,
Onslow, Randolph and Wilson—6 counties.
Hog Cholera—From Pitt, Randolph, Robe-son
and Wilson—4 counties.
Hydrophobia {in domestic animals)—From
Sampson.
Influenza {La Grippe)—From Alamance,
Caldwell, Caswell, Chatham, Cleveland, Cum-berland,
Gaston, Guilford, Halifax, Jones,
McDowell, Mitchell, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pitt, Rowan, Sampson, Stokes, Union and
Wilson—20 counties.
Malarial Fever—From Cumberland, Greene,
Guilford, New Hanover, Sampson and Stanly
6 counties.
Malarial Fever, pernicious—From Frank-lin,
Greene, Pitt and Stanly—4 counties.
Measles—From Cabarrus, Cherokee, David-son,
Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gaston,
Guilford, Iredell, Jackson, Johnston, Lincoln,
Moore, Nash, New Hanover, Onslow, Orange,
Randolph, Robeson, Rowan, Sampson, Stanly,
Stokes, Union, Wake, Warren, Watauga,
Wilson and Yancey—2g counties.
Mumps—From Jones, Onslow, Tyrrell,
Wake and Yancey—5 counties.
Pink-Eye (horses)—From Randolph.
Pneumonia—From Caldwell, Caswell, Cum-berland,
Guilford, Jackson, Jones, Nash, Pitt,
Randolph, Rowan, Sampson, Swain, and Wil-son—
13 counties.
Rheumatism—From Caswell, Orange, Pitt
and Randolph—4 counties.
Roseola—From Halifax.
Scarlatina—From Richmond and \Vake
—
2 counties.
Sciatica—From Orange.
Staggers [horses)—From Randolph.
Tonsilitis—From Halifax.
Typhoid Fever—From Columbus, New Han-over,
Northampton, Randolph, Rowan, Stanly
and Tyrrell—7 counties.
Varioloid—From Bertie (this county has no
Board of Health, and this case was reported
by the Superintendent of Northampton).
Whooping-Cough—From Cabarrus, Cleve-land,
Johnston, Lincoln, Moore, New Han-over,
Northampton, Randolph, Rowan, Samp-son,
Stanly, Union, Watauga and Yancey
—
14 counties.
Summary of Mortuary Statistics for April,
1891.
(thirteen towns.)
IVhite. Col'd. Total.
Aggregate population. 44,014 38,112 83,126
Aggregate deaths 33 64 96
Temporary annual death-rate
per 1,000 9.0 18.8 15.0
Deaths under 5 years old, 19
Causes of death.
Typhoid fever i i
Malarial fever o I I
Measles o i i
Pneumonia 6 4 10
Consumption 4 11 15
Brain diseases o i I
Heart diseases 34 7
Diarrhceal diseases 01 i
All other diseases 8 18 26
Accident and violence 04 4
Still-born 3 5 8
24 51 75
Raleigh, unclassified. g 12 21
Total 33 63 96
Summary of Reports from County Superin-tendents
of Health for April, 1891.
Alamance—Dr. G. W. Long, Graham. In-fluenza
has been the prevailing disease, but it
is subsiding rapidly. Dysentery has also been
prevalent to a limited extent. The sanitary
condition of the county is fair.
Alexander—Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville.
There has been no epidemic of any importance
during the month. The general sanitary con-dition
of the county is good; that of the pub-
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 1/
lie buildings is about as last reported, and there
are no efforts at improving it.
Alleghany—No Board of Health.
Anson—V)x. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro. No
report.
Beaufort.—Dr. W. A. Blount, Washington.
No report.
Bertie—No Board of Health.
Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown.
No report.
Brunswick—No Board of Health.
Buncombe—Y)x. H. B. Weaver, Asheville.
No report.
Burke—Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. No
report.
Cabarrus—V)x. R. S. Young, Concord. An
epidemic of whooping-cough has prevailed
throughout the whole county, and there have
been eight cases of measles reported. The
sanitary condition of the county aud public
buildings is good.
Caldwell—V)x. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. La
Grippe has prevailed in all parts of the county.
La Grippe prevailed during the first half
of the month, causing some pneumonia and
other sickness of a serious nature. The last
half of the month was unusually healthy.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
about the same.
Camden—No Board of Health.
Caswell—Dt. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville.
Pneumonia, remittent fever, rheuma-tism
and influenza have prevailed in all por-tions
of the county. The sanitary condition
of the county is good, as also that of the pub-lic
buildings. The jail has been nicely washed
inside since the last report.
Catawba—Dr. J. M. McCorkle, Newton.
No report.
CAat/iam-Br. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro.
La Grippe has prevailed in all portions of the
county. The general sanitary condition of the
county is good. Poor-house and jail are in
good condition.
CAerokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy.
There have been reported eleven cases of
measles and one of diphtheria. There has been
but one death in our county during the last
month. The foundation for the new court-house
is being laid. The jail is in bad condi-tion,
but there are no inmates at present.
CAocvan-Dr. R. H. Winborne, Barnitz.
No report.
C/aj'—No Board of Health.
Cleveland—Dr . O. P. Gardner, Shelby. La
Grippe has prevailed in some parts of the
county, and there has been some whooping-cough.
The sanitary condition of the county
and public buildings is good.
Columbus—Dr. Isaac Jackson, Whiteville.
The sanitary condition of the county is very
good. There have been reported two cases of
typhoid fever and a few of diarrhoea. The sani-tary
condition of public buildings is good.
Craven—Dr. Leinster Duffy, New Berne.
No report.
Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-ville.
La Grippe, pneumonia, catarrhal and
malarial fevers have prevailed during the
month, with a few cases of bowel troubles.
The sanitary condition of the county is good;
also that of the public buildings.
Currituck—No Board of Health.
Dare—No Board of Health.
Davidson—T)x. R. L. Payne, Lexington.
Measles has prevailed. The sanitary condition
of the county is very good; that of the public
buildings unchanged.
Duplin—Dx. J. W. Blount, Kenansville.
There is little or no sickness in the county.
The sanitary condition of the poor-house is good.
DurAam—Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham.
Measles has prevailed in this town. The sani-tary
condition of the county and public build-ings
is good.
Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tarboro.
Measles has prevailed in all parts of the
county. With this exception, and a little
diarrhcea, the sanitary condition of the county
is good. That of the public buildings is good.
ForsyiA—'Dx. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No
report
Franklin— Dx. E. S. Foster, Louisburg.
Measles of a mild type has prevailed in sev-eral
portions of the county. There has been
reported two cases of pernicious malarial fever.
The sanitary condition of the county and pub-lic
buildings is very good.
i8 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Gaston— Tir. E. B. Holland, Dallas. Measles
has prevailed in some parts of the county. A
few cases of La Grippe of a mild form also
exist. The sanitary condition of the public
buildings is first-rate.
Gates—No Board of Health.
Graham—No Board of Health.
Granville—Hx. J. M. Hays, Oxford. The
sanitary condition of the county is good. A sub-stantial
work -house is in course of construction,
and the court-house will be rebuilt soon.
Greene—Dr. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill.
Malarial fevers and dysentery have prevailed
in the county. There have also been reported
two cases of chicken-pox and one of pernicious
malarial fever. The sanitary condition of the
county and public buildings is good.
Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro.
The health of the county has been very good,
considering everything. We have had quite a
number of cases of measles and pneumonia
and some malarial troubles. La Grippe re-ported
from the southern portion of the
county. Sanitary condition of the public
buildings very fair; some improvements needed
in the jail, but nothing as yet has been done.
Halifax—Dr. A. B. Pierce, Weldon. Rose-ola
and tonsilitis have prevailed in some por-tions
of the county. The health of the county
has been very good; influenza has prevailed to
a considerable extent—a few cases have been
violent. Public buildings are in good condi-tion.
Harnett—^o Board of Health.
Haywood—Dr. R. L. Allen, Waynesville.
No report.
Henderson—Dr. W. B. Reese, Henderson.
No report.
Hertford—'^o Board of Health.
Hyde—'No Board of Health.
Iredell—Dx. M. W. Hill, Statesville. There
have been reported twelve cases of measles.
There has been no sickness of any consequemce
in April, the sanitary condition of the county
being fine. There is no change in the sanitary
condition of the jail or poor-house since the
last report. The construction of the jail is
such that it cannot be improved easily.
Jackson—Dr. J. M. Candler, Dillsboro.
Six cases of measles have been reported, also
four cases of pneumonia. The sanitary condi-tion
of the county and public buildings is
good.
Johnston—Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smithfield.
Measles, whooping-cough and bowel troubles
have prevailed in these sections. The sanitary
condition of the county and public buildings is
good.
Jones—Dr. C. B. Woodley, Trenton. In-fluenza
has prevailed in nearly all portions of
the county. There has occurred some pneu-monia
and bronchitis. The sanitary condition
of the county and public buildings is good.
Mumps has also been reported.
Lenoir—No Board of Health.
Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Crouse, Lincolnton.
Whooping-cough and measles have prevailed to
some extent. There have occurred no other
diseases that are dangerous to health. The
sanitary condition of the county is good.
McDowell—Dr. J. H. Gilkey, Marion.
Catarrhal aflections have prevailed in some por-tions
of the county. We have had a few cases of
the prevailing epidemic, but, with this excep-tion,
the health and sanitary condition of the
county have been unusually good; that also of
public buildings.
Macon—Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. No
report.
Madison—No Superintendent of Health.
Martin—Dx. W. H. Harrell, Williamston.
No report.
Mecklenburg—No Board of Health.
Mitchell—Dx. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. In-fluenza
has prevailed, and there jhas been an
epidemic of distemper among horses. The
sanitary condition of the county is good, there
being now less sickness than I have known for
the past ten years. I have just made a visit to
the poor-house, and found it and the inmates
properly kept, though there was some sickness
among the inmates. Other public buildings
are in fair sanitary condition.
Montgomery—Dr. F. E. Asbury, [.\sbury.
The county is in a healthy condition, there
being but very little sickness of any kind. I
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 19
cannot get the doctors of the county to report
to me as they ought. The jail is in bad condi-tion;
the other public buildings tolerably good.
Moore— Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carthage.
Measles and whooping cough have prevailed in
every part of the county. The sanitary condi-tion
of the county is very good at present.
There have been ten or twelve deaths from
measles and whooping-cough, and two or three
from dysentery, but only a few cases of the last
have been reported yet. The sanitary condi-tion
of the public buildings is now good.
Nash—Dr. G. W. Lewis, Spring Hope.
Measles has prevailed in various sections of the
county. The sanitary condition of the county
is good. With the exception of measles and a
few cases of pneumonia we have had no sick-ness
during April. Our public buildings are
in good sanitary condition.
Neiv Hanover—Dr. F. W. Potter, "Wilming-ton.
About forty-five cases of measles, one of
whooping-cough and one of typhoid fever have
been reported. The sanitary condition of the
county is moderately good, with the exception
of the prevailing epidemic of La Grippe. The
sanitary condition of the public buildings is
good. There are some venereal diseases and
malarial troubles in the jail.
Northanipton—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jackson.
About twenty cases of whooping-cough and
two of typhoid fever have been reported. The
sanitary condition of the county is good. A
contract has been given for an $S,ooo jail, to
be built on modern ideas of sanitation. A
case of varioloid occurred in Bertie, about
eighteen miles from Roxobel. I suppose it has
been reported.
Onslow—Dr. J. L. Nicholson, Richlands.
During the first half of the month La Grippe
was quite prevalent over the county. Measles
reported from various sections. There have
occurred ten cases of mumps and a few of
dysentery. The jail is well kept and ventilated.
The poor-house, with no improvement, still re-mains
in bad condition.
Orange—Dr. C. Parris, Hillsboro. A few
cases of measles have occurred and catarrhal
troubles have prevailed in all portions. Leav-ing
out the cold, wet weather of this month
and the endless amount of muck and mud,
the sanitary condition is fairly good. Catarrhal
troubles, rheumatism and sciatica have pre-vailed.
No deaths in our town for this month.
Some slight improvements are to be made at
the poor-house. Sanitary condition of the
public buildings is good.
Pamlico—No Board of Health.
Pasquotank—No Board of Health.
Pender—Dr. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. The
sanitary condition of the county has improved
and is improving. Our people are acting
more on the truths of sanitary science in re-gard
to drinking water, food, drainage, etc.
They seem inclined to war against the causes
of malaria and other diseases.
Perquimans—No Board of Health.
Person—No Board of Health.
Pitt—Dr. B. T. Cox, Redalia. Pneumo-nia,
bronchitis and La Grippe have prevailed,
but not so extensively as last month. Hog
cholera and distemper among horses still
linger in a few localities. The sanitary con-dition
of the count)' is good. A mild form of
acute rheumatism and one case of pernicious
malarial fever have occurred. The overseer
of^the Home for the Aged and Infirm has
been ordered by the Commissioners to move
upon the place that he can look after the wel-fare
of the inmates more closely.
Polk—Dr. Henry Shankle, Mills' Spring.
No report.
Randolph—Dr. J. W. Long, Randleman.
There have been reported thirteen cases of
pneumonia, sixteen of measles, nine of
whooping-cough, one each of diphtheria and
typhoid fever, and two of cholera-morbus.
There has been an epidemic of staggers and
pink-eye among horses, and cholera in hogs.
My doctors report well, I think. Out of less
than twenty-five regular practitioners I have
eight nice reports for April besides my own.
This is, I venture to say, away over the aver-age.
The individual reports show that the
senders are interested in this matter. Further,
these reports are an interesting study, e. g.,
one doctor reports eleven cases of pneumonia
as having occurred in his practice during the
month; another says "measles, La Grippe diXid.
20 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
pneumonia" are the prevailing diseases in his
practice. Notice that pneumonia is coupled
with measles and La Grippe. That doctor
has his eyes open! Another says " two cases
of puerperal fever from midwifery practice."
You see our doctors have quit talking about
such cases as having "took cold," or "eat
something they orten to." We are on the
up-grade. Rheumatism, dysentery, catarrhs
and insanity are reported. I have seen a typ-ical
case of acute purulent pleurisy. The
poor-house is in first-rate fix, only too crowded.
The jail is in first-class order, and reflects much
credit on Mr. Rush, the jailer.
Richmond—Yix. J. M. Covington, Rocking-ham.
No report. (We have indirectly heard
of twelve cases of scarlatina.)
Robeson—Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton.
Measles has occurred. There has been an
epidemic of hog-cholera. The sanitary con-dition
of the county is very good ; that of the
public buildings is fair. The court-house is
to be improved very shortly.
Rockingham—No Board of Health.
Rowan— Dr. J. J. Summerell, Salisbury.
Measles and whooping-cough have prevailed
in this town. There has been very little sick-ness
in a general way. Two reports received
from other doctors show whooping-cough,
eight cases; pneumonia, eleven cases; typhoid
fever, i case ; many cases of La Grippe, bron-chitis,
diarrhoea, etc. The public buildings
are in good sanitary condition. The inmates
are well fed and cared for, and there has been
but little sickness except La Grippe.
Rutherford—V)r. W. Thompson, Cliffdale.
No Report.
Sampson — Dr. H. A. Stevens, Clinton.
There has been an epidemic of hydrophobia
among domestic animals, I have to report a
few cases of malarial fever, bronchitis and
pneumonia. Measles, whooping-cough and
influenza are very prevalent. The sanitary
condition of the poor-house is good. That of
the jail as before reported; no improvement.
Stanly—T>x. P. Whitley, Plyler. There
have been reported ten cases of measles, forty
of whooping-cough, two of typhoid fever and
one of pernicious malarial fever. Diarrhoea
and bronchitis have prevailed. There has been
an epidemic of distemper among horses. There
are a great many boggy places in the county,
due to so much rain, and now, with dry weather,
they have become stagnant and are fruitful
sources of disease. We have had more mala-rial
fever than usual in April. Public buildings
are as reported last month. Poor-house is in
very good condition; nearly all the paupers
have been sick, but not due to defects in sani-tation.
Stokes—Dr. W. V. McCauless, Danbury.
Measles and La Grippe have prevailed in most
parts of the county. Four cases of diphtheria
have been reported. The sanitary condition
of the county has been very good; that of the
public buildings is fair.
Surry—No Board of Health.
Swain—Dr. L. Davis, Bryson City. The
sanitary condition of the county is better than
for several years. No sickness of importance
—
only one case of pneumonia reported. The
sanitary condition of the public buildings is
about as good as can be.
Transylvania—No Board of Health.
Tyrrell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia.
Mumps has prevailed in this township, and
two cases of typhoid fever have been reported.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is bad.
Union—Dr. W. C. Ramsay, Monroe. A
few cases of La Grippe and whooping-cough
have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the
county is generally good. Other than the
above there have been no diseases except
measles and diarrhoea. Sanitary condition of
poor-house good ; jail bad.
Vance — Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson.
There has been an ep'demic of distemper
among horses. The sanitary condition of the
county and public buildings is good.
Wake—Dr. Jas. McKee, Raleigh. There
have been reported nine cases of mumps,
four of measles, and one each of scarlatina
and diphtheria. The sanitary condition of the
county is as good as it can be ; also that of
public buildings.
Warren— Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenton.
Chicken-pox and a few cases of pneumonia,
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 21
also a few cases of measles, have occurred.
The sanitary condition of the public build-ings
is very good.
Washington—No Board of Health.
Watauga — Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone.
Measles and whooping-cough have prevailed in
the eastern part of the county. The jail and
poor-house are both in first-class condition ;
also the county generally.
Wayne—Dr. John Spicer, Goldsboro. The
sanitary condition of the county is good
;
also that of the public buildings.
Wilkes—^o Board of Health.
Wilson — Dr. Albert Anderson, Wilson.
There has been in the county a continuance,
more or less, of La Grippe. Five cases of
pneumonia reported in all parts of the county.
There is some dysentery. Measles is on the
wane except in the western part, where it
seems to be on the increase, with some very
severe cases. Cholera in hogs and chickens
reported. The sanitary condition of the pub-lic
buildings is good.
Yadkin—Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville.
No report.
Yaticey—Dr. J. L. Day, Burnsville. Measles,
whooping-cough and mumps have prevailed in
in many parts of the country. The sanitary
condition of the county is not very good at
present. The jail needs covering, and there is
talk of doing it soon. The poor-house is
nearly finished.
22 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Condltlou of Jails and Poor-houses by
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 23
Couditlou of Jails aud Poor-lionses l>y Counties for
24 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Condltlou of Jails and Poor-Iiouses l»y Counties for
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNTA BOARD OF HEALTH. 25
nieteorolog^ical Suitiiuary for Blorth Carolina, April, 189X.
Furnished by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Service*
H. B. Battle, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Herrman, Meteorologist.
STATIONS.
Asheville
Bakersville
Charlotte
Chapel Hill
Douglas.
Franklin
Hendersonville.
Kitty Hawk
Littleton
Lexington
Lenoir
Morgan ton
Mt. Airy
Oak Ridge
Pittsboro
Raleigh
Southport
Southern Pines..
Salisbury
Weldon
"Washington
"Wilmington
TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr).
s
ID
a
o
58.0
51.6
61.2
60.9
57.7
544
56.5
57.5
57.2
58.5
57.5
59.5
55.9
58.2
57.6
59.6
62.0
62.6
62.0
58.7
61.0
62.1
01
J3
ho
84 30
SO
85
87
86
88
79
84
86
85
82
86
85
84
87
85
79
89
84
85
86
82
16
20
30
30
18
30
19
19
30
20
30
30
19
18
19
20
20
20
20
19
20
a
C
66.5
64.3
72.0
73.0
70.8
68.7
65.2
66.3
69.8
69.0
66.4
68.8 . JJ9
68.8
68.5
66.9
70.1
69.0
75.1
69.6
69.2
24
28
28
31
33
28
34-
29
72.5 33
70.1 .%
a
a
23
26 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Mortuary Report for April, 1891.
TOWNS
BU LLETIN
OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C.
SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.
H. T. Bahnson, M. D., /"/vj.,. Salem.
R. H. Lewis, M. D., Raleigh.
J. M. Baker, M. D.,... Tarboro.
J. A. Hodges, M. D.,.. Fayetteville.
W. D. HiLLiARD,.M. D., Asheville.
J. H. Tucker, M. D., Henderson.
Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill.
J. L. Ludlow, C. E., ...Winston.
Thomas F. Wood, RL D., Secretary and Treastirer, Wilmington.
Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter.
Vol. VI. JUNE, 1891, No. 3.
Summary of Reports from County Superin-tendents
of Health for May, 1891.
Alamance—Dr. Geo. W. Long, Graham.
The sanitary condition of the county is good.
La Grippe has about subsided. Catarrhal
dysentery prevails to a limited extent. The
sanitary condition of the public buildings is
about as usual—probably somewhat improved.
Could be greatly improved at the poor-house
if the authoiities wrould employ some efficient
help for the Superintendent, who is not able to
do it all.
Alexander—T)x. J. j[3. Walts, Taylorsville.
There has been very little sickness during the
month—only one case of typhoid fever and
numerous mild cases of intestinal trouble.
• There still exists an epidemic of distemper
among horses. The sanitary condition of the
public buildings is about as last reported, and
there are no efforts to improve it. The sani-tary
condition of ihe county remains very
good.
Ashe—No Board of Health.
Alleghany—No Board of Health,
Anson—Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro. No
report.
Beaufort—Dr. W. A. Blount, Washington.
No report.
Bertie—No Board of Health.
Bladen—Dr. Newton Robinson, Elizabeth-town.
No report.
Brtinsiuick—No Board of Health.
Buncombe—Dr. H. B. Weaver, Asheville.
No report.
Burke—Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. No
report.
Cabarrus—Dr. R. S. Young, Concord. The
sanitary condition of the county is good.
There have occurred about thirteen cases of
whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of
the public buildings is good.
Caldwell—Dr. A. A, Kent, Lenoir. There
lias been an epidemic of distemper anions
horses. l"he general health of the county
is better than usual at this season ; very
few cases of cholera-morbus or cholera in-fantum.
Camden—No Board of Health.
28 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Carteret— Dr. M. F. Arendell, Morehead
City. The general sanitary condition of the
county is very satisfactory. Measles has oc-curred.
Our jail has been lately repaired, and is
in satisfactory condition. The court-house is
old but comfortable.
Cas-Mcll—Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville.
Dysentery and rheumatism have pre-vailed.
The general sanitary condition of the
county is good. The rain-fall has been unusu-ally
large for the last month. The sanitary
condiion of the public buildings is good.
Catawba—Dr. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro.
The health of the county has been excellent.
There has some dysentery occurred. The
jail and the poor-house are in good condition.
Che7-okee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy.
There have been reported about fifty cases of
measles and one of typhoid fever. With the
exception of a few cases of dysentery and two
or three of flux, this county has been very
healthy. Measles is mild in type. The jail
is in bad condition—neither clenn nor well ven-tilated.
I take it, the more filth the greater
should be the ventilation. The new court-house
is in rapid progress, and, it is said, will
be second to none in the State for sanitary
completeness.
Cho'cvan—No Superintendent of Health.
Clay—No Board of Health.
Cleveland— Y)u O. P. Gardner, Shelby. Two
cases of typhoid fever have been reported.
The general sanitary condition of the county
is very good—better than usual at this season
of the year.
Colutiibiis—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. There
has occurred one case of typhoid fever. The
sanitary condition of the county is very good.
Diarrhoea of a mdd form has prevailed to some
e.xtent. The sanitary condition of the public
buildings is very good.
Craven—Dr. Leinster Duffy, New Berne.
Measles, mumps and whooping-cough have
been quite prevalent. The sanitary condition
of the county and that of the public buildings
i< giod.
Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayetteville.
The sanitary condition of the county is good.
Bowel diseases and malarial troubles have been
the prevailing diseases during the month.
Sanitary condition of the public buildings is
good.
Currituck—No Board of Heal h.
Dare—No Board of Health.
Davidson—Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., Lexington.
Measles has prevailed in scattered portions of
the county. The sanitary condition of the
county IS very good, but could be made almost
perfect by proper drainage. This is much neg-lected,
but the people each year are learning
to appreciate its necessity. No change in the
public buildings since last report.
Davie—No Board of Health.
Duplin—Dr. J. W. Blount, Kcnansville. No
report.
Durham—Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham.
Measles has prevailed. The health of the
county has been quite good. Arrangements are
being made for the erection of a m.ore suitable
house for the poor.
Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tarboro.
Dysentery has prevailed in all portions of the
county, and of very obstinate character, not
yielding to treatment. With this exception,
the sanitary condition of the county is good.
That of the public buildings is good. The jail
is new.
Forsyth—Y)x. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No
report.
Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg
Measles has prevailed in many portions of the
county. Dysentery and other bowel troubles
prevail to quite a considerable extent—gener-ally
of a mild type. The sanitary condition of
the public buddings is good; ihere is rarely a
case of sickness in either jail or poor-h u^e.
Gaston—Dr E.B Holland. Dallas. Measles,
whooping-cough, typhoid fever and pneu-monia
have prevailed in paits of the county.
The sanitary condition of the county and pub-lic
buildings is good.
Gates—No Board of Health.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 29
Graham—No Board of Health.
Granville— T>x. J. M. Hays, Oxford.
Chicken-pox has prevailed. The sanitary con-dition
of the county is good.
Greene—Dr. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. Two
cases of measles have occurred and dysentery
has prevailed. The general sanitary condition
of the county and public buildings is good.
Guilford—Dr. E. H. Michaux, Greensboro.
We have had considerable diarrhoea and dys-entery;
also some malarial fevers and a few
cases of typhoid. In general, there has been
very little sickness in town or county. The
sanitary condition of the public buildings is
very good.
Halifax— Dr. A. B Pierce, Weldon. Dys-entery
and infantile diarrhoea have prevailed.
The health of the county has been good. No
change i 1 the condition of the public buildings.
Harnett—No Board of Health.
Haywood—Dr. R. L. Allen, Waynesville.
The health of the county has been generally
good; no contagious diseases or epidemics that
I have heard of.
Henderson—Dr. W. B. Reese, Henderson-ville.
No report.
Hertford—'i^o Board of Health.
Hyde—No Board of Health.
Iredell—Dr. M. W. Hill. Stalesville.
Measles has been epidemic, and diarrhoea,
dysentery and pernicious malarial fever have oc-curred.
The sanitary condition of the county
is very good; that of the poor-house is good;
that of the jail is not so good, nor can it be.
The court-house needs ventilation; more than
many cases heard there, perhaps.
Jackson—Dr. J. M. Chandler, Diilsboro.
The sanitary condition of the county never was
better. Three cases of typhoid fever and one
of haemorrhagic malarial have occurred. The
sanitary condition of the public buildings is
good.
Johnston— Dt. L. L. Sasser, Smiihfield.
There have been reported twenty cases of
measles and one of typhoid fever. The sani-tary
condition of the county is very good; also
that of public buildings.
Jones—No Board of Health.
Lenoir—No Board of Health.
Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Crouse, Lincolnton.
No report.
Macon—Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. Four
cases of measles have been reported. La
Grippe has prevailed everywhere. The sani-tary
condition of the county is good. La
Grippe has prevailed to an alarming extent,
and a good number of deaths have occurred.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is good.
Madison—No Board of Health.
Martin—Dt. W. H. Harrell, Williamston.
Three cases of typhoid fever have been re-ported.
Diarrhoea and dysentery have pre-vailed
in all portions of the county. I have
unofficial reports of scarlatina in the upper
part of the county. Some mild cases of ma-larial
fever have been reported. Have heard
of no fatal cases of diarrhoea or dysentery.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is good. The buildings will be whitewashed
and the grounds limed at once.
McDowell—\)x. J. H. Gilkey, Marion.
Catarrhal affections have prevailed in some por-tions.
The health and general sanitary con-dition
of the county have been unusually good
during the past month, having had only a few
cases of bronchitis and bronchial catarrh. Sani-tary
condition of the public buildings is good,
Mecklenburg—No Board of Health.
Mitchell—V>x. E. C. Smith, Bakersville.
The sanitary condition of the county is better
than at any time for the past len years. With
the exception of a few cases of measles of a
mild type, we are having no sickness. Both
alms-house and jail are kept in a healthful con-d.
tion. There are yet a few cases of La Grippe-in
the county. Distemper prevails among;
horses.
Montgomery—Dr. F. E. Asbury, AsbuV^.
No report.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA B;)ARD OF HEALTH.
Moore—Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carthage.
Measles has prevailed in different parts of the
county; it is subsiding now. Dysentery and
diarrhcea are somewhat prevalent now, but
they are mild. Our public buildings" are in
good sanitary condition.
Nash—Dr. G. W. Lewis, Springhope.
Measles has prevailed in divers parts of the
county. The general sanitary condition of the
county is good. In addition to measles, we
have a few cases of utricaria, and one of
purpura hsemorrhagica; also a few cases inter-mittent
fever. The sanitary condition of the
public buildings is good.
New Hanover—Dr. F. W Potter, Wilming-ton.
There have been reported twelve cases
of measles, three of whooping-cough and
three of typhoid fever, besides a few cases of
La Grippe and a few of malarial fever, the
last named disease being attended frequently
with tonsilitis, especially among the whites.
The jail is in good condition. The poor house,
called "New Hanover County Home," is in
tolerably good condition.
Northampton—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jackson.
No report.
Onslow—Dr. J. L Nicholson, Richlands.
A good many cases of measles have occurred.
Our people have been more than ordinarily
healthy during May. There has been some
dysentery and a few cases of malarial fever.
The jail is in good sanitary condition. The
poor-house is bad.
Orange — Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro.
Many cases of measles have occurred. Dysen-tery
and diarrhoea have prevailed in all por-tions
of the county. The sanitary condition
of the county is good. The dysenteric dis-eases
which have appeared up to this time,
have been rather severe, but are amenable to
treatment. The sanitary condition of both
jail and poor-house is good ; that of other
public buildings fairly good. There has been
some cholera among chickens, but not epi-demic.
Pamlico—No Board of Health.
Pasquotank—No Board of Health."
Pender— Dr. S. .S. Satchwell, Burgaw.
There has been an epidemic of cholera among
hogs. Bowel diseases have prevailed gen-erally.
Many cases are severe, and in a few-cases
fatal. Choltra-infaiitum is of a high
order of severity. I find it, in its woise cases,
complicated with malaria, demanding calomel
and quinine in its early stages. Typhoid pneu-monia
has prevailed, also lypho-malarial fever.
Perquimans—No Board of Health.
Person—No Board of Health.
Pitt—T>r. B. T. Co.K, Redalia. Dysentery
has prevailed in almost all portions of the
county. Have had a few cases of hog and
chicken cholera. The sanitary condition of
the county has been better than in several
months ; only two cases of pneumonia seen
and a few cases of malarial fever and whooping-cough.
There is a large building beirg erected
for cooking and dining purposes for the aged.
Polk—Dr. Henry Shankle, Mills' Spring.
Acute peritonitis seems to have prevailed in
several portions of the county. The sanitary
condition of the county is not good, as there
has been much bowel trouble, such as dysen-tery
and diarrhoea. There is some little work
being done on the jail.
Randolph—Dr. J. W. Long, Randleman.
There have been reported eight cases of
measles and one of pernicious malarial fever,
with some La Grippe^ dysentery, rheumatism,
bronchitis, pneumonia, and babies from differ-ent
portions. Dysentery is the prevailing dis-ease
and it is very general. The sanitaiy con-diion
of the jail is good ; also of the poor-house,
except it is too crowded.
Richmond—Dr. J. M. Covington. Rocking-ham.
There have been reported eight cases
of whooping-cough, seven of scarlatina, and
thiee of typhoid fever. Acute catarrhs and
bowel troubles of mild type have prevailed in
all parts of the county. The sanitary condi-tion
of the county is good ; that of the home
is good, and that of the jail improved.
Robeson — Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton.
Bowel affections have prevailed, and there have
been some measles. There has been an epi-demic
of hog cholera. The sanitary condition
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 31
of the county is fair. Also that of the public
buildings ; improvement of court-house de-termined
upon.
Rockingham—No Board of Health.
Rowan—Dr. J. J- Summerell, Salisbury.
Measles and whooping-cough, and their
sequela, have prevailed in some sections.
The sanitary condition of the county is about
as usual at this time of the year. The pre-vailing
diseases have been mild and less than
usual. The jail and home are in good sani-tary
condition.
Rutherford—Dr. W. A. Thompson, 'Cliff-dale.
The sanitary condition of the county
is moderately good—not as good as it should
be, as there are so many that know nothing of
sanitation, and care less. The public build-ings
are now in good sanitary condition. The
jail is kept clean and nice, and the poor-house
is also as clean as the quality of the buildings
will permit.
Sampson—D. J. A. Stevens, Clifton. The
following diseases have been quite prevalent :
Measles, whooping-cough, influenza, diarrhoea,
dysentery, a few cases of malarial and one of
typhoid fever. I have sent out blank forms to
the county physicians, but they do not report.
The county needs a new jail. The poor-house
is well kept and is a credit to the county.
Stanly—Xir. D. P. Whitley, Plyler. There
have betn reported six cases of measles, ten
of whooping-cough and five of typhoid fever.
Typhoid fever, diarrhoea and bronchial troubles
have prevailed in the western and north-western
part of the county. The sanitary
condition of the county is about as reported
last month. In my practice there has been
more diarrhoea and typhoid fever than usual
in May. My reports are necessarily imperfect,
because I cannot get the doctors to report.
The sanitary condition of the poor-house is
good ; that of the jail is bad. I recommend
that the commissioners adopt a better system
of sewerage in the jail, and think that they
will do it shortly. A building comm.ittee has
been appointed for the new court-house.
Stokes—Dr. W. Y. McCauless, Danbury.
Acute entero-colitis and measles have prevailed
in several sections. One case of diphtheria
has been reported. The sanitary condition of
the county has been good ; also that of the
public buildings.
Surry—No Board of Health.
Swain—Dr. R. L. Davis, Bryson City.
There has been no sickness in the county
except a few cases of diarrhoea—mostly among
children. The sanitary condition of the pub-lic
buildings is about as good as it can be.
Transylvania—No Board of Health,
Tyrrell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia.
Dysentery and mild bowel diseases have pre-vailed.
The sanitary condition of the county
was remarkably good, there being but very
little sickness. Poor-house is in good condi-tion,
the jail bad. The county is now prepar-ing
to build a new jail.
Vance— Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson.
Measles, whooping-cough and dysentery have
been the principal troubles. The sanitary con-dition
of the public buildings is good.
Wake—Dr. James McKee, Raleigh. Three
cases of scarlatina have been reported. The
sanitary condition of county and city is only
moderately good. So much rain has fallen
that the usual spring policing has been inter-fered
with. All the public buildings are in
good condition.
Warren — Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenton.
No report.
Washington—No Board of Health.
Watauga — Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone.
No report.
Wayne—Dr. John Spicer, Goldsboro. The
sanitary condition of the county is good.
There have been several cases of dysentery,
but it could hardly be called an epidemic.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is good.
Wilkes—No Board of Health.
Wilson—Dr. Albert Anderson, Wilson. In
the western part of the county measles is
again reported with complications. Intes-tinal
troubles are prevalent all over the county,
but of mild type. .Skin diseases reported from
one locality, and a great deal of neuralgia from
32 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
another. Cholera among hogs and and chickens
is reported from the western part of the county,
and in the same section pneumonia. The
sanitary condition of the poor-house is being
greatly improved; that of the jail and poor-house
is only fair. Efforts are being made to
improve the sanitary condition of the town.
Yadkm—Dr. T, R. Harding, Yadkinville.
No report.
Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. Many
cases of measles and whooping-cough have
been reported. The sanitary condition of the
county is very good at present. The jail is not
kept clean, and needs covering; there is some
talk of doing it soon. Poor-house just fin-ished.
Summary of Mortuary Statistics for May,
1891.
(thirteen towns.)
IVhite. Col'd. Total.
Aggregate population . 43,214 37,712 80,926
Aggregate deaths 58 57 115
Temporary annual death-rate
per r, 000 16. I 181 17.
I
Deaths under 5 years old, 42
Causes of death.
Typhoid fever I O I
Malarial fever 01 I
Pneumonia 41 5
Consumption 8 13 21
Brain diseases _ 3 2 5
Heart diseases 31 4
Neural ic diseases 44 8
Diarrhoeal diseases.. . 8 6 14
All other diseases 23 19 42
Accident and violence 03 3
Suicide 10 i
Still-born 3 7 10
58 57 115
Review of Diseases for May, 1891
Bronchitis—Was reported from McDowell
and Randolph—2 counties.
Chicken-Pox—From Granville.
Chicken Cholera—From Orange, Pitt and
Wilson—3 counties.
Cholera Infantum—From Caldwell and
Pender—2 counties.
Cholera-morbus—From Caldwell.
Diarrhcea—From Columbus, Cumberland,
Guilford, Halifax, Iredell, Martin, Moore,
Orange, Pender, Polk, Richmond, Robeson,
Sampson, Stanly, Stokes, Swain and Wilson
—
17 counties.
Diphtheria—From Stokes.
Distemper—From Alexander, Caldwell and
Mitchell—3 counties.
Dysentery—From Alamance, Caswell, Ca-tawba,
Cherokee, Edgecombe, Franklin,
Greene, Guilford, Halifax, Iredell, Martin,
Moore, Orange, Pender, Pitt, Polk, Randolph,
Sampson, Tyrrell, Vance and Wayne—21
counties.
Hog Cholera—From Pender, Pitt, Robinson
and Wilson—4 counties.
La Grippe—From Macon, Mitchell, New
Hanover, Pender and Sampson—5 counties.
Malarial Fever—From Cumberland, Guil-ford,
Martin, Nash, New Hanover, Pitt and
Sampson—7 counties.
Malarial Fever (hcsmorrhagic)—From Jack-son.
Alalarial Fever {^pernicious)—From Iredel
and Randolph—2 counties.
Measles—From Carteret, Cherokee, Craven,
Dividson, Durham, Franklin, Gaston, Greene,
Iredell, Johnston, McDowell, Mitchell, Moore,
Nash, New Hanover, Onslow, Orange, Ran-dolph,
Robeson, Rowan, Sampson, Stanly,
Stokes, Vance, Wilson and Yancey—26
counties.
Mumps—From Craven.
Pneumonia—From Gaston, Pender, Pitt
Randolph and Wilson—5 counties.
Rheumatism—From Caswell and Randolph
���
2 counties.
Scarlatina—From Martin, Richmond and
Wake—3 counties.
Typhoid Fever—From Alexander, Chero-kee,
Cleveland, Columbus, Gaston, Guilford,
Jackson, Johnston. Martin, New Hanover,
Richmond, Sampson and Stanly—13 counties.
Typho- Malarial Fever—From Pender.
Whoopin^-Cough—From Cabarrus, Craven,
Gaston, New Hanover, Pitt, Richmond,
Rowan, Sampson, Stanly, Vance and Yancey
—
II counties.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 33
Coiiditiou of Jails and Poor-Uouses by Counties for Olay, 1891.
34 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Condition of Jails and Poor-
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH, 35
Couditioii of Jails and Poor-
36 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
meteorolosrical Summary for Biorth Carolina, 9Iay, 1891.
Furnished by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Service.
H. B. Battle, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist.
STATIONS.
Ashevllle
Baliersville
Charlotte
Chapel Hill
Douglas
Franklin
Henderson vi He..
Kitty Hawk
Littleton
Lexington
Lenoir
Morganton
Mount Airy
Oal£ Ridge
Pitlsboro
Raleigh
Southport ,
Southern Pines.
Salisbury
Weldon
Washington
Wilmington
TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr).
e3
5*^
a
o
C2.8
56.0
65.4
66.2
63.2
60
61.9
61.6
61.8
64.4
62.6
63.0
61.4
63.2
63.2
64.5
67.4
67 5
67.1
64.4
66.2
676
A
s
85
83
90
95
93
87
82
81
91
91
84
88
89
88
90
90
82
93
87
89
90
85
s
a
a;
72.8
68.4
76.3
78.2
78.5
75.9
70.2
69.1
73.9
75.7
70.9
73.3
73.9
74.6
73.8
74.5
75.0
82.1
75.2
11 75.1
78.0
I
36
76.3 41
a
S3
a
a
.51.6
43.5
54 6
54.3
47.8
41.0
56.1
55 7
49.8
53.1
55.6
55.2
48.9
51.8
52.7
54.5
59.9
52.9
69.2
53.6
54.5
58.9
bo
g
Ci!
51
60
52
61
63
65
41
36
60
58
44
51
61
55
56
52
42
56
45
55
54
44
21.2
24.9
21.7
23.9
30.7
31.9
14.1
13 4
24.1
22.6
15.3
18.1
25.0
22.8
21.1
20.0
15.1
29 2
16.0
21.5
23.5
17.4
a
s
a
4)
c
o
ft
'3
u
Oh
O
68.6
71.0
68.2
846
4.23
4.85
7.58
8.75
8.10
75.5
70.1
84.6
70.0
77.7
74.8
3.58
2.97
8.07
7.8S
5.10
4.59
6.48
8.26
7.00
9.24
2.24
11.08
6,05
9.34
6.14
1.03
No. OE
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 37
Mortuary Report
BU LLETIN
OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH,
Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C.
SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.
H. T. Bahnson, M. D., Pres.,.^&\em.
R. H, Lewis, M. D., ..Raleigh.
J. M. Baker, M. D., Tarboro.
J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville.
W. D. HiLLiARD, M. D., Asheville.
J. H. Tucker, M. D., Henderson.
Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill.
J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . Winston.
Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington.
Entered at the post-ofifice at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter.
Vol. VI. JULY, 1891. No. 4.
Election of Superintendents of Health.
For the benefit of those interested, we will
give our interpretation of the amendment to
the laws regulating the election of County
Superintendents of Health.
The law was amended some four years
since by making the day for this election the
Jirsi Monday in September, instead of the first
Monday in January, as it was before. At that
time we wrote to the Attorney General, asking
his opinion as to the time the newly elected
Superintendents should take their office, and
sent out to each Superintendent in the State a
copy of his letter, and an explanation of it.
Then there were some incumbents who had
been elected until the first Monday in January,
the terms of some expiring in 1887 and others in
1888, and the circulars sent out were to explain
when their successors should assume the office.
As the term of oiifice is only two years, there
are at present no Superintendents in office whose
term does not expire either the first Monday
in next September or the first Monday in Sep-tember
of 1S92; for there can have been no
legal election since the passage of the amend-ment
except on the first Monday in September,
Of course any county can hold a meeting for
the purpose of organizing a Board of Health at
any time, and may elect a Superintendent at
that meeting, but he must be considered as
elected to fill an unexpired term, and his suc-cessor
must be elected on the first Monday in
September next following,
We hope that the officers who may be elected
next September may, whether they be old Su-perintendents
re-elected, or new men, take hold
of their work with the determination to make
the State Board more useful even than it has
been. Having no executive powers the Board
must depend entirely, or almost so, for its use-fulness
on the energy and faithfulness of the
Superintendents, and while we are sorry to be
able to say so, there are a very great many of them
who might show more interest in the work of
the State Board, and not have to put themselves
to much trouble either. The generality of the
reports received at this office are meagre in the
extrem-^; and there are some who do not fill
out that part of the report that refers to the
40 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
condition of the inmates of the jail and poor-house
at all. while others content themselves
with " See last report," or " No change since
last month," or some other similar phrase that
is a little bit easier than finding out just what
the facts are. Even if the conditions one
month are the same as they were the preceding
month, this report should be filled out each
month, that at the end of the year a summary
of the year may be made up.
Again there are some that tell of no sickness
during the month at all, simply because there
did not happen to be an epidemic of some
contagious disease. We desire the nature of
the prevailing diseases, no matter how simple
they may be. It is very important to have this,
if our statistics of the diseases prevailing in
different counties at different seasons of the
year are to be of any value.
All this has not been written to complain, for
we know against what lack of interest and
co-operation on the part of the profession some
of our reporters have to strive, but to give a
hint to those who are desirous of improving
the State Board that will show them how they
can help us.
For the Bulletin.
The Hygienic Importance of Forests.
BY PROF. E. EBERMEYER.
The popular idea that the air of forests is
especially favorable to health on account of the
greater amount of oxygen in it, is a complete
error. The average per cent, of oxygen in for-est
air is actually less than that in the open
land. The error is easily seen when one con-siders
how little oxygen the forest produces,
in comparison with the quantity taken up by
men and animals. It has been calculated that
the quantity of oxygen given oS by one
hectare (2'^ acres) of forest would supply only
a single household of four persons.
It is not to any surplus of oxygen, but to its
greater purity, that forest air owes its hygienic
value. It is free from smoke or soot, and
from injurious gases and vapors. Moreover, it
is poorer in bacteria than city air is. Bacterio-logical
researches by Serasini and J. Arata show
fhat the leaves of trees act as a filter, and by
this means purify the air from spore-laden
dust and micro-organisms. Furtherq;iore, the
climatic conditions which forests cause and con-serve
are of hygienic importance. The protec-tion
against the heat of the sun and against
strong winds, more especially damp northerly
winds and hot paiched sirrocos, which easily
produce inflammatory diseases; the greater
constancy of the temperature, and, finally,
the greater amount of ozone in forest air, fully
account for its sanitary reputation.
The soil of a forest has a very important
influence upon the dissemination of health-injuring
fungi and bacteria. The consider-able
amount of moisture held by woodland
soil, and the comparative smallness of its val-uation;
its acid character caused by free humic
acid; the difficult decomposability of its so-called
raw humus; the relative poverty of wood-humus
in nutritive matter, and the considerably
lower temperature of shaded soil, are the char-acteristic
peculiarities of forest soils, against
which the poorly resistant pathogenic micro-organisms
can make little headway. Indeed,
as has been shown by numerous experiments,
pathogenic bacteria, as Bacillus cedematis
tualigni, and B. scepticus agrigenus, which in
manured soil remain alive, or even increase
abundantly, in forest soil completely fail. Epi-demic
diseases, like cholera, yellow fever,
malaria, and others, are not wholly absent
from wooded territory, but their virulency has
certainly been lessened by planting forests.
—
Translated from the German by Gerald
McCarthy.
The Third Biennial Report of the
Board of Health is in hand, and will be
mailed to anyone in the State making applica-tion
to this office. They have not been mailed
to Superintendents of Health, because there
were a number for distribution at the meeting
in Asheville, where many of the Superintend-ents
secured copies. I will be glad if those
who were not present at the meeting, or failed
to secure a copy of the report, will let us know,
that a copy may be sent them. And I hope
all Superintendents will study this report
closelv, and see wherein, by making fuller and
more accurate reports, they can assist the Sec-retary
in making the next report better.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 41
Summary of Mortuary Statistics for June,
1891.
(fourteen towns.)
White. Col'd. Total.
Aggregate population. 44,814 38,112 82,926
Aggregate deaths 68 77 I45
Temporary annual death-rate
per 1,000 18.2 24.2 21.
1
Deaths under 5 years old, 76
Causes of death.
Typhoid fever 3 3 ^
Malarial fever 02 2
Diphtheria... 2 2
Whooping-cough i 2 3
Measles. 03 3
Pneumonia o 44
Consumption 5 7 12
Brain diseases i I 2
Heart diseases 4 g 13
Neurotic diseases 25 7
Diarrhoeal diseases 26 18 43
All other diseases 17 19 36
Accident and violence 23 5
Still-born... 527
68 77 145
Review of Diseases for June.. 1891
Cerebrospinal Meningitis—From Pender.
Cholera (ho^s)—From Chatham, Nash, Pen-der,
Randolph, Rutherford and Tyrrell—
6
counties.
Cholera-infantiim—From Iredell, McDowell
and Randolph.
Cholera-morbus — From Caldwell, Iredell
and Randolph—3 counties.
Diarrhoea—From Duplin, Edgecombe, Hali-fax,
Iredell, Martin, McDowell, Mitchell,
Orange, Pender, Sampson, Union, Vance and
Wayne—13 counties.
Diphtheria—From New Hanover. Randolph
and Wake—3 counties.
Disteinper {horses)—From Randolph.
Dysentery—From Alexander, Caldwell, Cas-well,
Chatham, Cleveland, Duplin, Greene,
Halifax, Iredell, Lincoln, Martin, McDowell,
Nash, Orange, Pender, Randolph, Sampson,
Vance, Warren, Wilson and Yadkin—21
counties.
La Grippe—From Greene, Macon and
Orange—3 counties.
Malarial Fever—From Caswell, Duplin,
Greene, Guilford, Iredell, Johnston, Martin,
Nash, New Hanover, Pender, Sampson and
Wilson��12 counties.
Malarial Fever, pernicious—From New
Hanover and Randolph—2 counties.
Measles—From Alexander, Carteret, Ca-tawba,
Davidson, Durham, Edgecombe, John-ston,
Lincoln, Mitchell, New Hanover, Orange,
Randolph, Richmond, Robeson, Rowan, Samp-son,
Vance, Warren, Watauga, Wayne and
Yancey—21 counties.
Mumps—From Duplin and Tyrrell — 2
counties.
Pink-Eye {horses)—From Rutherford.
Scarlatina {unofficial)—From Martin,
Typhoid Fever—From Alexander, Caldwell,
Catawba, Cleveland, Colnmbus, Gaston,
Greene, Iredell, Johnston, Lincoln, Martin,
Mitchell, Montgomery, New Hanover, Pen-der,
Randolph, Richmond, Robeson, Rowan,
Rutherford, Sampson, Tyrrell, Union, Wake,
Wilson, Yadkin and Yancey—27 counties.
Typhoid Pneumonia—From Gaston.
Typho-Malarial—From Orange.
Whooping-Cough—From Catawba, David-son,
Iredell, Johnston, Lincoln, Mitchell, New
Hanover, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Samp-son,
Warren, Watauga, Wayne, Wilson and
Yancej-—16 counties.
Summary of Reports from County Superin-tendents
of Hea/tf) for June, 1891.
Alamance—Dr. G. W. Long, Graham. There
has been no epidemic among people or domes-tic
animals. The work-house is poorly ven-tilated.
Alexander—Dr. J, B. Watts, Taylorsville_
There have been seven cases of typhoid fever
reported during the last month; it was of very
42 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
mild type. Measles prevails in epidemic form
in certain parts of the county. Dysentery has
prevailed very extensively. The sanitary con-dition
of the county is only tolerably good; that
of the public buildings is about as last re-ported.
Alleghany—No Board of Health.
Anson—Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro. No
report.
Ashe—No Board of Health.
Beaufort—Dr. W. A. Blount, Washington.
No report.
Berlie—No Board of Health.
Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown.
No report. ,
Brunswick—No Board of Health.
Buncombe—Dr. H. C. Weaver, Asheville.
No report.
Burke—Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. No
report.
Cabarrus—Dr. R. S. Young, Concord. The
sanitary condition of the county has been
good; also that of the public buildings.
Caldzvell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. There
have been two cases of typhoid fever reported.
There have also been a few cases of dysentery
and cholera-morbus, but generally the health
of the county has been good for the season of
the year. The sanitary condition of the public
buildings is fairly good; no efforts at improve-ment.
Camden—No Board of Health.
Carteret—Dr. M. F. Arendell, Morehead.
Measles has been reported. The sanitary con-dition
of the county is good; also that of the
public buildings.
Caswell—Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville.
Dysentery and malarial fever have pre-vailed.
The sanitary condition of the county
is good; that of the public buildings is also
good.
Catawba—Dr. J. H. McCorkle, Newton; Dr.
J. C. Whiteside, acting. Typhoid fever, whoop-ing-
cough and measles have prevailed in some
portions of the county. The genera] sanitary
condition of the county and poor-house is
good; that of the jail is as good as could be
expected. The jail is being enlarged.
Chatham—Dr. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro_
Dysentery has prevailed in some sections of the
county. Hog cholera in one section. The
sanitary condition of the county is very good;
also that of the public buildings.
Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy.
The health of this county is indeed fair; no
epidemics to my knowledge. There is no
effort to improve the public buildings, except
the erection of a new court-house. The jail is
more cleanly kept at present.
Chowan—No Superintendent of Health.
Clay—No Board of Health.
Cleveland—Dr. O. P. Gardner, Shelby.
Typhoid fever and dysentery have prevailed in
different portions of the county. The sanitary
condition of the county is good; also that of the
public buildings.
Coluftibus — Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville.
There have been ten cases of typhoid fever
reported. The sanitary condition of the county
is fairly good. We are having more typhoid
fever than usual; it has been the prevailing dis-ease,
and outside of that there has been but
little sickness of a climatic character. The
sanitary condition of the public buildings is
good.
Craven—Dr. Leinster Duffy, New Bern.
No report.
Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayetteville.
The sanitary condition of the county is good;
that of the public buildings tolerably good; no
efforts at improvement.
Currituck—No Board of Health.
Dare—No Board of Health.
Davidson—Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., Lexington.
Whooping-cough and measles have prevailed
in scattered portions of the county. The sani-tary
condition of the county and the public
buildings is unchanged since last report.
Duplin—Dr. J. W. Blount, Kenansville.
Dysenteiy and diarrhoea have prevailed during
the month of June. There have been some
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNA BOARD OF HEALTH. 43
cases of malarial, intermittent and remittent
fevers, and a few cases of mumps. The sani-tary
condition of the public buildings is good,
and there has been no sickness among the
inmates except a few cases of the prevailing
disease.
Durham—Dr. N. i\L Johnson, Durham.
The sanitary condition of the county for the
month of June has been good, there being no
epidemic save measles. The condition of the
public buildings is healthful. Houses for the
paupers and prisoners are being erected of
brick.
Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tarboro.
There have been reported five cases of measles.
Diarrhoeal diseases have prevailed in some sec-tions
of the county. The sanitary condition of
the county and public buildings is good.
Forsyth—V>x. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No
report.
Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg. As
far as I can learn, the sanitary condition of the
county is very good. There have been several
cases of typhoid and typho-malarial fevers, but
not much besides. The sanitary condition of
the public buildings is very good; improvements
made as demanded.
Gaston—Y)x. E. B. Holland, Dallas. The
sanitary condition of the county is good.
There have been cases of typhoid fever, typhoid
pneumonia and bowel complaints among teeth-ing
children. The sanitary condition of the
public buildings is first-class.
Gates—No Board of Health.
Graham—No Board of Health.
Granville— T)x. J. ^L Hays, Oxford. The
health of our county at this time is unusually
good.
Gree7ie—Y)x. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. Mala-rial
fever has prevailed with a few cases of
typhoid fever. La Grippe and dysentery. The
general sanitary condition of the county and
public buildings is good.
Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro.
The sanitary condition of the town and county
is first-rate; very little sickness. A few cases
of bowel trouble and some little malarial fever.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is good as respects the jail—no effort being
made towards improvement in that quarter;
but I am indeed happy to state that the Com-missioners
have ordered the erection at the
poor-house of a house for the care of the incur-able
insane, a thing most truly needed.
Halifax—Vix. A. B. Pearce, Weldon. Dys-entery
and infantile diarrhcea have prevailed
in many sections of the county. The sanitary
condition of the county has been good, only
the diseases peculiar to this season have pre-vailed.
No improvement in the condition of
the public buildings since last report. Jail
remarkably free from disease. Poor-house
filled with disease of all grades and forms inci-dent
to poverty, filth and bad morals.
Harnett—No Board of Health.
Haywood—Dr. R. L. Allen, Waynesville.
No report.
Henderson—Dr. W. B. Reese, Henderson-ville.
No report.
Hertford—^o Board of Health.
Hyde—'^o Board of Health.
Iredell—V)x. M. W. Hill, Statesville. Measles
has beer, epidemic, and there have occurred a
few cases of whooping-cough and three of
typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the
county was good. The above, with malarial
fever, dysentery, diarrhoea and cholera-morbus
and infantum, have been the prevailing dis-eases.
Nothing is being done looking to the
improvement of the sanitary condition of the
public buildings; they are in their usual condi-tion.
Our jail cannot truthfully be called a
comfortable summer resort.
Jackson — Dr. J. L. Candler, Dillsboro.
The general health of the county has been some
better than for May. Entirely free from the
the usual epidemics. An average amount of
rain and even temperature.
Johnston—Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smithfield.
Malaria and gastro-mtestinal troubles have pre-vailed.
There have been reported ten cases of
measles, eight of whooping-cough and one of
44 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the
county and public buildings is good.
Jones—No Board of Health.
Lenoir—No Board of Health.
Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Grouse, Lincolnton
Measles and whooping-cough have prevailed
in and around Lincolnton. The health of the
county has been very good until the last few
weeks. We have had dysentery among the
children, and there have occurred a few cases
of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of
the public buildings is good. All the public
buildings are sufficient for the demands made
upon them. The sick of each should be allowed
more money, that they might be better fed.
Macon—V)x. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The
sanitary condition of the county is very good;
no epidemic except La Grippe. The sanitary
condition of the public buildings is good.
Madison—No Board of Health.
Martin—Dr. W. H. Harrell, Williamston.
Dysentery and diarrhoea have prevailed in
several portions. There have been some typhoid
and malarial fever reported. Unofficial re-ports
of scarlatina come from the upper part
of the county. The sanitary condition of the
public builings is good.
McDowell—Dr. J. H, Gilkey, Marion. The
sanitary condition of the county and public
buildings is good. Diarrhoea, dysentery and
cholera-infantum have prevailed extensively in
town and country, but have had little other
sickness.
Mecklenburg—No Board of Health.
Mitchell— Dr. C. E. Smith, Bakersville.
Summer diarrhoea has prevailed in nearly all
portions of the county. There have been re-ported
two cases of measles, two of whooping-cough
and one of typhoid fever. There is now
considerable sickness in the western part of
the county. The sanitary condition of the
jail and poor-house is good. The keepers are
doing their best to keep them in a sanitary
condition.
Montgomery—Dr. F. E. Asbury, Asbury.
There have been reported five cases of typhoid
fever. The sanitary condition of the county is
very good at this time. We are now taking
steps to improve the conditiion of the jail. We
wish to increase the ventilation, although the
health of the inmates is good.
Moore—Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carthage. No
report.
Nash — Dr. G. W. Lewis, Springhope.
Dysentery and remittent fever have prevailed
in different portions of the county. Hog
cholera has been epidemic in the southern part
of the county. The general sanitary condi-tion
of the county is good. Except the above,
we have had no sickness during the month.
Jail and poor-house are in good condition.
Our Commissioners are making some improve-ments
at the poor-house in the way of new
buildings.
Ne-v Hanover—Dr. F. W. Potter, Wil-mington.
There have been reported fi.ur cases
of measles, fourteen of whooping-cough, one
of diphtheria, nine of typhoid fever and one
of pernicious malarial fever. Bowel complaints
have prevailed in nearly all portions of the
county. There is a good deal of malarial
fever in the county, especially on or near the
sea-shore. I fear that unless the poor-house
and house of correction can be kept dry, sick-ness
will result. As a vast amount of exca-vating
had to be done for a foundation for these
buildings, in heavy rains water sometimes
oozes up. There is not much sickness now,
nor (I am glad to say) has there been during
the month. I mentioned to the authorities
dangers that might arise if not properly drained,
and an effort was made to reack that end; but
after heavy rains I notice the water oozes
through the cement covering the lower floor or
basement of the poor-house. Mr. Bagg was
notified of the fact before the contractor, Mr.
Allen, left the city. The hospital has no room
fitted up for medicines, etc. Mr. Bagg was also
notified of that fact in time, and I have no
doubt was assured by the contractor that it
would all be attended to. The two cisterns
connected with the poor-house are built to con-tain
two hundred barrels each, but, according
to my calculations, they do not hold so much.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 4$
Northampton—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jackson.
No report.
Onslow—No Board of Health.
Orange—V)x. D. C. Paris, Hillsboro. There
have been some cases of measles. Dysentery
and diarrhoea have prevailed in all portions.
La Grippe, typho-malarial fever, together with
the above named diseases, have prevailed.
Otherwise, the sanitary condition of the county
has been good. That of the public buildings
is fairly good. I have to report a case of
triplets born to a colored couple. There were
three normal placenlre, and the births seem to
have been normal. All did well for ten days,
when one of the infants died, evidently from
the lack of hygiene.
Pamlico—No Board of Health.
Pasquotank—No Board of Health.
Pender— Dr. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw.
Cholera has been epidemic among hogs. There
is a gradual improvement in the county in the
application of sanitary measures. June has
been dry and hot, but the general health of the
county has been fairly good. Malarial and
typhoid fevers have prevailed to some extent,
but not of a high type. Bowel diseases of
children unusually severe, with some fatality.
Cerebro-spinal meningitis has extensively pre-vailed,
and has been very fatal.
Perquimans—No Board of Health.
Person—No Board of Health.
Pitt—'Dr, B. T. Cox, Redalia. No report.
Polk—Dr. Henry Shankle, Mills' Spring.
No report.
Randolph—Dr. J. W. Long, Randleman.
Whooping-cough and dysentery have been
abundant. There have been reported twenty-nine
cases of measles, seven of typhoid fever,
two of diphtheria, ten of cholera morbus and
infantum and two of pernicious malarial fever,
though I doubt these last. There has been
cholera and distemper among the domestic
animals. The sanitary condition of the jail is
good; that of the poor-house is tolerably good.
Richmond—V)x. J. M. Covington, Rocking-ham.
I have to report thirty-six cases of
whooping-cough, seven of measles and four of
typhoid fever, as well as dysentery of a mild
type. The sanitary condition of the county is
as good as usual; that of the public buildings,
except the jail, is good also.
Robeson — Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton.
Measles has prevailed in some sections, and I
also have to report some typhoid fever. The
sanitary condition of the county is very fair;
also that of the public buildings. The contract
has been given for the improvement of the
court-house.
Rockingham—No Board of Health.
Ro'van—Dr. J. J. Summerell, Salisbury.
Measles, whooping-cough and typhoid fever
have prevailed in Salisbury and other portions
of the county. The sanitary condition of the
county is fairly good; no epidemic since the
Grippe, and mild epidemics of whooping-cough
and measles. There are some summer bowel
diseases, especially among the children who
had or have whooping-cough or measles. The
sanitary condition of the public buildings is
fairly good.
Rutherjord—Dr. W. A. Thompson, Cliff-dale.
There have been two cases of typhoid
fever, both fatal. There may have been others,
but these are the only ones heard of. Cholera
among hogs and pink-eye among horses have
been epidemic. The sanitary condition of the
county is very good, as we have natural drain-age.
That of the public buildings is not as
good as it should be.
Sampson—Dr. J. A. Stevens, Clinton. The
sanitary condition of the county is fair. Measles,
whooping-cough, diarrhoea, dysentery and ma-larial
fevers are the prevalent diseases. I have
seen also three cases of typhoid fever this
month. The sanitary condition of the jaiJ
is not as good as it should be, but the Sheriff
has promised me to have it attended to. Our
poor-house is well kept, and its sanitary condi-tion
excellent.
Stanly—V>x. D. P. Whitley, Plyler. No
report.
46 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Stokes—Vr. W. V. McAuless, Danbury. No
report.
Surry—No Board of Health.
Swain—No Board of Health.
Transylvania—No Board of Health.
Tyrrell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia.
Mumps has prevailed in this township. One
case of typhoid fever has been reported. There
has been an epidemic of hog cholera. The
sanitary condition of the county is verj' good;
that of the public buildings is bad; no efforts
to improve it.
Union—Dr. W. C. Ramsay, Monroe. The
sanitary condition of the county is generally
fair. There is diarrhoea in most sections of the
county, and two cases of typhoid fever have
been reported. The sanitary condition of the
poor-house is good; that of the jail bad.
Vance— Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson.
Measles, diarrhoea and dysentery have been
quite prevalent. The sanitary condition of
the public buildings is good.
Wake—Dr. James McKee, Raleigh. There
have been reported three cases of diphtheria
and two of typhoid fever. The sanitary con-dition
of the county is excellent; no epidemics
of any kind during the past month. The
sanitary condition of all the public buildings is
very good.
Warren— Dr. J. P. Macon, Warrenton.
Dysentery, whooping-coagh and measles have
prevailed in all sections. The sanitary in-spector
visits each premises twice each month.
Washington—No Board of Health.
Watauga — Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone.
Some fifty or more cases of measles and
whooping-cough have occurred. .These have
prevailed in all portions of the county. The
sanitary condition of the county is good in
every way; also that of the public buildings.
The new jail is in good order, with all the
modern improvements. The poor-house first-class
and well kept.
Wavne — Dr. John Spicer, Goldsboro.
Measles and whooping-cough have prevailed
in some portions of the county. Diarrhoea!
disorders have also been prevalent. Sanitary
condition of the county is good; also that of
the public buildings.
Wilkes—^o Board of Health.
Wilson — Dr. Albert Anderson, Wilson.
Dysentery is reported as very severe in the Elm
City and Black Creek sections. There have
been three cases of typhoid fever reported, and
malarial fevers are prevalent. Two cases of
whooping-cough reported, but there is a great
deal of this in the county. There has been very
great improvement in sanitary condition at the
poor-house. The jail is about the same as last
month.
Yadkin—Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville.
I have to report typhoid fever in all parts of
the county. Dysentery in mild form is pretty
general. Sanitary condition of the public
buildings about the same as for the two or
three months past.
Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. Measles
and whooping-cough have prevailed, and there
has been reported one case of typhoid fever.
The sanitary condition of the county is moder-ately
good at present. The poor-house is not
yet completed; preparation is being made to
cover the jail.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 47
Coudltlon of Jails and Poor-houses by Comities foi
48 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Condltiou of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties fo
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 49
Coiidltiou of Jails and Poor-
50 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 51
Meteorological Sututnary for ^orth Carolina, June, 1891.
Furnished by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Service.
H. B. Battle, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist.
"3
bo
a
c3
>
S-i
STATIONS.
TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr).
c3
a>
BO
Asheville
Babersville
Charlotte
Chapel Hill
Douglas
Franklin
Hendersonville..
Kitty Hawk
Littleton
Lexington ,
Lenoir
Morganton
Mount Airy
Oak Ridge
Pittsboro
Raleigh
Southport
Southern Pines..
Salisbury
Weldon
Washington
Wilmington
71.7
b7.6
76.6 95
u.o
76.0
70 2
71.7
99
90
73.4
75.2
73.3
73.2
72.5
74.8
73.4
75.7
77.0
77.8
78.2
75.1
77.6
77.2
94
97
90
95
92
93
93
95
92
98
94
96
96
95
c
82.6
78.4
86.6
90.6
92.0
84.2
77.2
84.2
86.8
80.3
81.7
85.3
8.5.3
84.3
c
3
a
85.6 I 55
83.4 ! 62
91.1 55
85.1 61
85.6 55
88.3
85.5
27
9
8
9
1
8
11
I
9
1
8
6
1
1
60.5
56.4
665
64.5
61.0
56.1
67.8
62,7
63.6
67.7
67.3
59.7
64.2
62.5
65.8
70.6
64.5
71.2
64.7
67.0
68.8
39
44
39
44
48
48
27
42
46
32
37
42
39
41
40
30
43
33
41
37
So
a
pj
03
22.0
22,0
20.1
26,1
31,0
28.1
9,4
21.5
23.2
12,6
14,4
25.6
21.1
21,8
19.8
12.8
26.6
13.9
20.9
21,3
16.7
a
S
59.6
71.2
78.4
o
o
o
84.9
80.6
74.0
2.75
2.66
3.77
4.61
4.00
1.40
3.50
No. OF Days
76.2
3,57
2,57
3,20
2,41
2,66
2.77
3,60
4,12
4,35
3,70
5,20
4,19
78.4 4.01
80.6 • 3.47 i 9
N. «&
N.W.
E.
S, W.
s.w.
s,
w.
N. E,
N, E.
S,W.
S.W,
s,
N, E.
S.W.
s.
N.
N, E,
S.
STATE METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR JUNE, 1891,
From the N. C. State Weather Service.
Mean Barometer 29.98 inches ; normal for June 30.02.
Highe-st Barometer .30.28 inche.s on the 8th at Lynchburg, Va.
Lowest Barometer 29.63 inche.s on the 18th at Raleigh. Mean temperature 7.5.4 degrees; normal for June 74.9 degrees.
Highest temperature 102 on the 17th at Cheraw, S. C. Lowest temperature 42 on the 2d at Franklin.
Average raiu-fall 3 39 Inches ; normal for June 4.64 inches.
Greatest monthly rain-fall 7..SS inches at Chattanooga, Tenn.
Least monthly rain-fali 1.40 inche.s at Franklin.
Average number of cloudless davs 11.
Average number of partly cloudv days 11.
Average i.umber of cloudy days 8.
Average number of rainy days 11.
Prevailing wind direction. South-west; average hourly velocity .5.5 miles per hour.
Prevailing direction from many years' observations. South-west; average hourly velocity 7.3
miles.
The month was warmer and drier than usual and was favorable for growth of crops.
ELISHA MITCHELL SCIENTIFIC S0C1E5.
CBAPa HILL, N. C.
BULLETIN
OF THE
NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH,
Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C.
SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.
H. T. Bahnson, M. D., Fres.,. Salem.
R. H. Lewis, M. D., Raleigh.
J. M. Baker, M. D., Tarboro.
J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville.
S. Westray Battle, M. D., Asheville.
J. H. Tucker, M. D.,.. Henderson.
Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill,
J. L. Ludlow, C. E., Winston.
Thomas F. Wood, ^L D., Secretary and Treasm-er, Wilmington.
Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter.
Vol. VI. AUGUST, 1891, No. 5.
At THE conjoint session of the Medical So-ciety
of North Carolina with the North Carolina
Board of Health, held in Asheville on the 27th
of May, an election of members of the Board
was held to fill the vacancies caused by the
expiration of the terms of Drs. Thomas F. Wood
and W. D. Hilliard. The ballot resulted in
the reelection of Dr. Wood and the election of
Dr. S. Westray Battle of Asheville, each for a
term of six years.
At a meeting of the Board, Dr. Thomas F.
Wood was re-elected Secretary and Treasurer
for a term of six years.
A communication from the Governor an-nounces
the reappointment of Dr. J. H. Tucker,
of Fv derson; Mr. J. L. Ludlow, C. E., Win-ston,
n-'. .Yof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill, as
members of the State Board of Health for a
term of two years.
For the Bulletin.
Typhoid Fever in the State.
The reports this month from the County
Superintendents of Health show typhoid fever
to have been unusually prevalent during the
month of July. There were reports received
from fifty-one counties this month, and of these
thirty-four reported typhoid fever. In several
counties it seems to have prevailed to such an
extent as to be epidemic. Notice the language
of some of the reporters.
Dr. J. B. Watts, of Alexander: "Typhoid
fever has prevailed in all sections of the county;
about thirty cases reported:"
Dr. J. F. Abernathy, of Cherokee: "There
were reported about forty-two to forty-five
cases of typhoid fever during the month of July,
with four deaths. The fever is still spreading,
despite all antiseptic and hygienic precautions.
It seems confined to the small water-courses."
Dr. O. P. Gardner, of Cleveland: " Typhoid
fever has prevailed in many portions."
Dr. I. Jackson, of Columbus: "We have
had more typhoid fever than usual."
Dr. E. S. Foster, of Franklin: "Typhoid
and typho-malarial fevers have prevailed dur-ing
the summer in most sections of the county."
Dr. J. L. Nicholson, of Onslow: " Many
cases of typho-malarial fever reported." (Those
under his care responded to Ehrlich's test for
typhoid.)
54 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Dr. B. T. Cox, of Pitt: " Typhoid and mala-rial
fevers have prevailed in many portions of
the county, being virulent among the colored
population."
Dr. J. W. Long, of Randolph: "Typhoid
iever has prevailed pretty extensively around
E.andleman."
Dr. D. P. Whitley, of Stanly: "Typhoid
and malarial fevers have prevailed in various
parts of the county; there have been eight cases
in my practice."
Dr. W. V. McCauless, of Stokes: "Dysen-tery
has subsided and typhoid fever seems to
have taken its place, and has been raging in a
-very malignant form in the southern portions
of the county."
Dr. W. C. Ramsay, of Union: "This (ty-phoid)
is the only disease .that has prevailed to
any extent."
Dr. T. R. Harding, of Yadkin: "Typhoid
fever has prevailed in nearly all portions of the
county; about fifty cases reported."
Dr. T. R. Harding, in reply to special letter,
makes the following report:
Yadkinville, N. C, July ii, 1891.
Thomas F. Wood, M. D., IVibnington.
In my opinion the disease is epidemic. It
commenced about May. IMortality more than
usual. It is on the increase. Several cases
occur in each family. Water supply is gen-erally
well-water.
I think that disinfectants and sanitary pre-cautions
put a stop to the spread of disease.
In certain localities the rain-fall has been very
great, and I think that the disease is worse in
these than where the rain-fall is less. There
is a great neglect among our people to keep
their wells in good condition, disinfect privies,
pig-styes, etc.
Will write you again in a few days. Would
be glad to have one of your Board visit us; but
think it would be useless unless you could pre-vail
on the physicians and people to use more
disinfectants, as we have a very rugged country,
with a great deal of superstition and ignor-
.ance among the people.
Respectfully,
T. R. Harding,
Supt. of Health.
The following is a copy of a second letter
received from Dr. Harding a few days later.
It is a little more extended report, and gives
the answers of two physicians in the country to
letters of inquiry sent them by Dr. Harding:
Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Wilmington,
Dear Sir: Yours of the nth inst. to hand.
In reply will say that when I received yours of
the 8th I immediately wrote to all the physi-cians
in the county, ten in all, but as yet have
only received two replies.
In answer to your questions of nth will say:
1. The duration of disease is from fourteen
to thirty-five days.
2. It does rot, in all particulars, follow the
description given in text-books
3. We have the rose-colored eruption in
about one-fourth of the cases; some of them in
great numbers.
4. We have diarrhoea in about one-half the
cases, and in some of them tenesmus.
5. The enlargement of the spleen is not
a prominent symptom, but in a few cases it is
very marked, with great pain in the region of
the spleen.
6. We have stupor and delirium in about
one-tenth of the cases, also severe rigors in a
few cases.
7. About one in ten die.
8. Simultaneous in several localities, vary-ing
from four to ten m.iles.
9. I do not think that I could class it as
contagious, yet it seemed to be transmitted to
other members of the same family; but I attrib-ute
this to want of proper disinfection, it being
almost impossible to have the stools, in bad
cases, disinfected. Our people have never
been taught the laws of hygiene and sanitation.
10. I think the local cause, if any, is from
cellars, etc. We had a great deal of rain last
spring, then just before the fever set in we had
a three-weeks drouth. I have found cellars in
most of the homes where the fever has occurred.
My theory is that the epidemic is caused by
the heavy rains washing into wells and springs
filth from former cases, or the cellars getting
water into them and then drying.
About eighteen months ago I had nine cases
of fever in one family, when there was not
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 55
another case in the county. Under this house
was a cellar that had been first wet and then
dry for some time, and contained debris of
various kinds.
As far as any investigation that I can make,
I shall make no charge for it, as I feel it a duty
I owe to my neighbors. I send you the replies
that I have received from the physicians.
I have had no new case in six days; have
now under treatment ten cases, and have had
about thirty cases since May 20th, with only
two deaths so far.
If you could make any suggestion from the
history I write you for a course to follow, I
would be glad to have it.
Yours respectfully,
T. R. Harding.
JONESVILLE, N. C.,Aug. 12, 189I.
Dr. Harding: In reply to your note of yes-terday,
I will say that I have had only three
cases of typhoid fever; one of these came from
Winston sick; one, my son, who came from
Asheville sick, and the other' lives in Wilkes
County, five miles from Jonesville. The last
case, I think, is a sporadic case, as there is no
other case in the neighborhood. I have been
called in cases in consultation in Wilkes, above
Trap Hill, where I think the disease prevails
as an epidemic. We have a fever here we do
not consider typhoid, lasting only about two
weeks; we call it " mongrel fever," as the type is
not fully defined. The cases I have had so far
have yielded nicely to treatment. I have used
no disinfectants yet, but should if the disease
prove an epidemic or contagious.
Yours, etc., L. J. Baker.
Cross-Roads Church, Aug. 13, 1891.
Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville.
Sir: Your letter of inquiry to hand. In
reply I would say I have eight cases that are
generally diagnosed as cases of typhoid fever,
though they do not fill the bill of true typical
cases of typhoid fever, but rather that of typho-malarial
fever.
When I think necessary I use disinfectants.
All my cases, with one or two exceptions, use,
or have been using, more or less water from
the same well. I have advised and insisted on
cleaning out and around the well, but it has not
been done as yet. There are, or have been, two
cases in three families around this well. The
disease, outside of complications, has been, up to
date, a comparatively mild variety. The families
generally that are sick have neither pig-pens
nor cow-pens, consequently I don't disinfect.
I have advised thorough cleaning around
houses, springs, pens. etc.
Yours very respectfully,
W. S. Windsor, M. D.
This last letter would show very conclusively
that the well is at fault, as six of his cases
occurred in three families around the well, and
it would have been the proper course to have
had the well not cleaned but dosed, for if the
water be contaminated cleaning would hardly
free it from the contamination. The family
should be made to thoroughly disinfect every
stool in cases of " typho-malarial," as well as
plain typhoid fever, and the vessels should be
emptied at such a distance from any source of
water-supply that there can be no possible
danger of its contaminating the drinking-water.
Physicians cannot be too particular or too rigid
in requiring their patients to carry out these
safeguards, and he who neglects them is not
faithful to the position he holds of physician
and protector of the publfc health.
Dr. Parker said in his letter he would use
disinfectants if the disease becomes epidemic.
This is the way it is the world over —wait
until the horse is stolen to lock the stable-door.
Why, the very idea of disinfectants is that they
should be used in the early cases, and «o /?<?-
vent ait epidemic.
The disease seems to be epidemic in so many
localities that the State Board is not financially
able to send a committee into each district to
search out the cause and character of the epi-demic,
but must depend on the Superintend-ent
of Health in those counties where it is
epidemic, to investigate the matter, as far as
they can, and make a report to this office.
They can follow the line laid down in Dr.
Harding's report.
56 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
As in the vast majority of cases where the
cause of an epidemic of typhoid fever has been
scientifically traced out, the contagion was
found in the water used by the sufferers, we
would urge upon the physicians, in those dis-tricts
where the disease is common, the impor-tance
of having the drinking-water, especially
that from wells, boiled before being used. It
can afterwards be readily cooled to the tem-perature
of the other water, and can be aerated
by pouring a few times from one vessel to
another.
Summary of Vital Statistics for July, 1891.
(eleven towns.)
White. CoPd.
Aggregate population. 39,808 39,562
Aggregate deaths 61 69
Temporary annual death-rate
per 1,000 18.4 24.6
Deaths under 5 years old,
Causes of death.
Typhoid fever 4 I
Malarial fever 2 i
Whooping-cough i o
Pneumonia o 2
Consumption 5 6
Brain diseases 2 3
Heart diseases 6 5
Neurotic diseases 2 3
Diarrhceal diseases-. . 12 20
All other diseases . 24 23
Accident and violence i 2
Still-born 2 3
Total.
73,370
130
21.2
40
5
3
I
2
II
5
II
5
32
47
3
5
61 69 130
Review of Diseases for July, 1891
Bronchitis— From Wayne.
Bilious Fever— From Randolph.
Chicken Cholera— From Orange and Pender.
Cholera-infantum—From McDowell, Samp-son,
Stanly and Wilson — 4 counties.
Cholera-morbus— From Iredell and Stanly.
Consumption — From Caswell.
Croup— From Raiidolph.
Diarrhoea — From Craven, Orange, Pitt,
Randolph, Sampson, Stanly, Vance and Wil-son
��� 8 counties.
Diphtheria — From Richmond.
Distemper—From Alexander and McDowell.
Dysentery — From Greene, Halifax, Pitt,
Randolph, Sampson, Warren and Wilson — 7
counties.
Cholera {hogs)— From Davidson, Duplin,
Jackson, Moore, Pender, Robeson, Sampson
and Wilson — 8 counties.
Insanity— From Randolph.
La Grippe— From Orange and Warren.
Malarial Fever—From Alamance, Caswell,
Craven, Duplin, Edgecombe, Gaston, Greene,
Guilford, Halifax, Iredell, Johnston, Nash,
New Hanover, Onslow, Orange, Pitt, Rich-mond,
Sampson, Stanly, Warren, Wayne and
Wilson — 22 counties.
Malarial Fever {hcemorrhagic)—From Mont-gomery.
Malatial Fever {pernicious) — From Ran-dolph.
Measles— From Camden, Cleveland, David-son,
Lincoln, Onslow, Orange, Richmond,
Sampson, Vance, Wake and Warren — 11
counties.
Pink-Eye {horses)—From Durham.
Pneumonia — From Iredell and Orange.
Pheumatism — From Caswell.
Tonsilitis— From Randolph.
Typhoid Fever— From Alamance, Alexan-der,
Caldwell, Catawba, Chatham, Cherokee,
Cleveland, Columbus, Duplin, Franklin, Gas-ton,
Greene, Iredell, Johnson, Lincoln, Macon,
McDowell, Montgomery, Nash, New Hanover,
Onslow, Orange, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond,
Sampson. Stanly, Stokes, Union, Vance, Wake,
Warren, Yadkin and Yancey — 34 counties.
Typho - malarial Fever— From Franklin,
Onslow and Orange.
Whooping-Cough — From Catawba David-son,
Iredell, Lincoln, Nash, New Hanover,
Richmond, Sampson, Warren, Watauga, Yad-kin
and Yancey — 12 counties.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 57
Summary of Reports from County Superin-tendents
of Health for July. 1891.
Alamance— Dr. G. W. Long, Graham.
Malarial fevers have prevailed to a limited
extent, with a few cases of typhoid. The sani-tary
condition of the public buildings is fairly
good.
Alexander—Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville.
Typhoid fever has prevailed in all sections of
the county, about thirty cases being reported.
The sanitary condition of the county is very
good. There has been an epidemic of distem-per
among horses. The sanitary condition of
the public buildings is not very good, although
it is about as good as usual, and I am sorry to
say there are no efforts at improvement.
Alleghany— No Board of Health.
Anson.— Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro. No
report.
Beatifort—Dr. W. A. Blount, Washington.
No report.
Bertie— No Board of Health.
Bladen — Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown^
No report.
Brunswick— No Board of Health.
Buncombe — Dr. H. B. Weaver, !^sheville.
No report.
Burke— Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. No
report.
Cabarrus — Dr. R. S. Young, Concord.
There have been reported twelve cases of
typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the
public buildings*is good.
Caldivell— Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. The
general health of the county is good. There
have occurred a few cases of typhoid fever of
a mild type; eight cases reported. The sani-tary
condition of the public buildings is good.
Camden — Dr. M. F. Arendell, Morehead
City. The general sanitary condition of the
county is good. Measles has occurred. The
public buildings are old but comfortable.
Caswell— Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville.
Remittent fever, rheumatism and a few
cases of consumption have prevailed. The
general sanitary condition of the county is
good. Also that of the public buildings.
Catawba — Dr. J. M. McCorkle, Newton;
Dr. J. C. Whiteside, acting. The sanitary
condition of the county is good. Typhoid fever
and whooping-cough have prevailed in some por-tions
of the county. Sanitary condition of the
poor-house is good; that of the jail is as good as
could be expected. The jail is being enlarged.
Chatham — Dr. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro.
The sanitary condition of the county is good.
There has been a great amount of rain during
the month. There have been reported ten
cases of typhoid fever. The public buildings
are in good sanitary condition.
Cherokee— Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy.
There were reported about forty-two or forty-five
cases of typhoid fever during the month of
July, with four deaths. The fever is still
spreading, despite all antiseptic and hygienic
precautions. It seems confined to the small
water-courses in the county. The sanitary
condition of the public buildings is very good
at present; there is no sickness among the
inmates.
Chowan— No report.
Clay— No Board of Health.
Cleveland— Dr. O. P. Gardner, Shelby.
The sanitary condition of the county is good.
Typhoid fever has prevailed in many portions.
There has been also some measles. The sani-tary
condition of the public buildings is good.
Columbus — Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville.
The sanitary condition of the county is good.
We have had more typhoid fever than usual;
nine cases have been reported. The sanitary
condition of the public buildings is very good.
Craven — Dr. Leinster Duffy, New Bern.
Intermittent and malarial fevers have occurred.
Bowel troubles have prevailed in the city and
county. The sanitary condition of the county
and the public buildings is good.
Cumberland— Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-ville.
The sanitary condition of the county is
tolerably good. Also that of the public build-ings.
Currituck— No Board of Health.
58 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH.
Dare— No Board of Health.
Davidson — Dr. R. L. Payne, Lexington.
Whooping-cough and measles have prevailed
in scattered portions. The sanitary condition
of the county is better than usual at this sea-son
of the year. There has been an epidemic
of hog cholera. The condition of the poor-house
is excellent. The jail (a large cage built
inside of a large room) cannot be kept clean;
allows inmates no room for exercise, and is
altogether a disgrace to our civilization.
Davie— No Board of Health.
Duplin — Dr. J. W. Blount, Kenansville.
There is a considerable amount of sickness in the
county. The different types of malarial fever
and several cases of typhoid fever. There has
also been an epidemic of hog cholera. The
sanitary condition of the pubHc buildings is
good, with very little sickness among the
inmates.
Durham — Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham.
The amount of sickness in the county for July
has been little; taking on the usual and acciden-tal
character. Pink-eye has prevailed to a
slight extent among horses. The sanitary con-dition
of the public buildings is good.
Edgecombe — Dr. Donald Williams, Tarboro.
There has been rain nearly every day during
July. Malaria has prevailed in some portions.
The sanitary condition of the county is very
good.
Forsyth — Dr. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No
report.
Franklin — Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg.
Typhoid and typho-malarial fevers have pre-vailed
during the summer in most sections of
the county. It has been generally of mild
type, and little fatality. The sanitary condi-tion
of the public buildings is good, and such
steps taken as are required to insure a health-ful
state at all times.
Gaston—V>x. E. B. Holland, Dallas. Typhoid
and malarial fevers, with summer complaints
among children, have prevailed. The sanitary
condition of the public buildings is good.
Gates — No Board of Health.
Graham— No Board of Health.
Granville — Dr. J.' M, Hays, Oxford. No
report.
Greene— Dr. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. The
sanitary condition of the county is, as usual,
good. Malarial fever has prevailed, and several
cases of typhoid fever and dysentery have
occurred. The sanitary condition of the public
buildings is good. No efforts at improvement.
Guilford— Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro.
The general health of the county is fairly good.
Of course we have some simple malarial fever;
but the majority of our fevers at this time are of
the so-called " pig-pen " type, in which quinine
seems to exert no influence whatever; not much
serious sickness though. The sanitary condi-tion
of the public buildings was never better;
but the jail is not in good condition as regards
the privies, etc. There is no improvement,
that I know of, except some at the poor-house.
Halifax — Dr. A. B. Pierce, Weldon. Mala-rial
fevers and dysentery have prevailed. There
has been a disease among hogs that has assumed
no name; it seems to be a wasting of the mus-cles.
The sanitary condition of the public
buildings is good.
Harnett— No Board of Health.
Haywood— Dr. R. L. Allen, Waynesville.
No report.
Henderson — Dr. W. B. Reese, Henderson-ville.
No report.
Hertford— No Board of Health.
Hyde — No Board of Health.
Iredell— Dr. M. W. Hill, Statesville. The
sanitary condition of the county is good. Very
little sickness of any kind; a few cases of typhoid
and malarial fevers, measles, whooping-cough,
cholera-morbus, etc. ; pneumonia has also been
reported. I have nothing different from last
month to report in regard to the sanitary con-dition
of the public buildings.
Jackson — Dr. J. M. Candler, Dillsboro.
The sanitary condition of the county was never
better; it is entirely free from epidemics; but
there has been an epidemic of hog cholera.
The sanitary condition of the public buildings
is good.
BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLXA BOARD OF HEALTH. 59
Johnston — Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smithfield.
Malarial troubles have prevailed, and there
have been reported four cases of typhoid fever.
The sanitary condition of the county and public
buildings ^s good.
Jones— No Board of Health.
Lenoir— No Board of Health.
Lincoln — Dr. W. L. Grouse, Lincolnton.
Whooping-cough, measles, and some typhoid
fever, have prevailed. During the month of
July there has been more sickness than usual
at this season of the year. There has been one
case of fever at the jail—the well has been
cleaned and the jail overhauled and white-washed.
No sickness at the poor-house.
Macon — Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The
sanitary condition of the county is very good;
one case of typhoid fever reported. The sani-tary
co