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,^' •% %^':- ,A^ * ^£t^'-r^y ^ z'Sf'^ I%1 W^:'-t-:|3 r^'-iV'^^ ^mt p%- f;:!^ :x.-^^*i j^'-"-V'. g E. Daniel Shingleton ^ g Public Health Collection LAUPUSUBRARy ^•^ DlyinON OP HHAITH SOBNCBS ^^^ *• Jk BAIT CAROLINA UNIVBaSITT ^^^ BULLETIN NORTH CAROLINA ROARD OF HEALTH. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS^A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M. D., /'/vj.,. Salem. R. H. Lewis, M. D.,... ..Raleigh. J. M. Baker, M. D., Tarboro. J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. .. Asheville. J. H. Tucker, M. D., Henderson. Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . Winston. Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington. Entered at the post-office at Wilmmgton, N. C, as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. APRIL, 1892. No. Contamination of River Water--courses--An Epidemic of Typhoid Fever. The excessive prevalence of fever at Lowell, and other points on the Merrimac River, has; led the municipal authorities of that city to institute an investigation into the water supply and other suspected fever causes, which has brought out some most interesting and signifi-cant revelations. The report on this subject, as made by Prof. W. T. Sedgwick, Biologist to the State Board of Health of Massachusetts, appears to be an exceptionally clear and forcible document. It was published in two of the April numbers of the Boston Medical and Sur-gical Journal. After considering the relations of the excessive typhoid rate and mortality with the milk supply, and excluding that as a proba-able source of danger, the author fixes his at-tention upon the drinking water of the city, which has for many years been chiefly drawn from the Merrimac River. The writer shows by tables that the two cities of Lowell and Lawrence, both getting water from the same river, have been grave sufferers from fever, far beyond most of the other cities of the same State. In Lowell, there were, in i88q, 85.8 deaths by typhoid fever in each 100,000 of the population, while in 1890 the rate exceeded 158 under the same census. In Lawrence the rate was higher in 1889, 124.2 per 100,000, than in Lowell ; but in 1890, it rose to a less extent than in the adjoining city, namely, to 125. 4 per 100,000. The tables also show that the cities of Man-chester and Haverhill, although having many climatic and general conditions in common with Lowell and Lawrence, and although suffering to some extent from fever, have not, in either 1889 or 1890, approached, even when at their worst state, within 38.7 per loo.ooo of the lowest datum above given in regard to the city of Lowell. These facts have led to the conclu-sion that the cause of the recent epidemic could not be discovered in any general or climatic conditions. So, too, the fact that the two cities suffering the most severely, but only in respect of typhoid fever, excluded the idea of purely local influences. But a more positive proof of the suspected infected water supply was sought for and, it is believed, obtained beyond peradven- BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BORAD OF HEALTH. ture, in the discovery of distinct typhoidal pol-lution of Stony Brook, an important affluent of the Merrimac. Prof. Sedgwick was enabled to locate the occurrence of fever cases in August, September and October, 1890, the ex-creta from which, a part of the time at least, were discharged into the stream by means of a privy so built as to overhang the water. A heliotype illustration accompanies the report, showing the grossly unsanitary privy arrange-ments belonging to a foundry at which one or more of the typhoid cases worked during the time when diarrhrea was an urgent symptom. The illustration shows a frame structure, built on a staging expressly designed to secure the dropping of all excreta from the foundry work-men directly into the running water which, a few miles below, is known to be the drinking supply of thousands of fellow-citizens. A grosser or more culpable sin against the health of a populous community could scarcely be por-trayed by any other wood cut of the same di-mensions— about one-third of a page in size. It is almost as outspoken a charge against the fidelity of the local health officials as if they had been visited with an indictment of the Grand Jury, and reminds us of some of the out-line drawings of Pridgen Teale's primer on Dangers to Health, published about twenty years ago. No sanitarian who is engaged in teaching or in lecturing upon the prevention of infectious diseases, can afford to be without a copy of this instructive picture. The point of difficulty in the proof of propositions of the reporter is seen in the finding of the polluting cases just a little anterior iri time to the outburst of the fever; and this the investigation has been apparently enabled satisfactorily to clear up by fixing the appearance of four cases of fever along the banks of Stony Brook during a period of two months before the aggravation of the epidemic within the cities that took their water supplies, in part, from that polluted stream. Of the precise conditions of the drinking water of Lowell during the epidemic, the author of the report cannot speak ; but it is a most signifi-cant fact, as he points out, that within one month after the time of infection of one of the foundry cases, an epidemic of typhoid fever in Lowell rose very rapidly, culminated, and be-gan to decline. Within that same month there was also the greatest mortality of any month during the year, namely, thirty deaths from typhoid fever. There was a typhoid mortality in Lowell during each one of the earlier months of the year, some of which mortality may be traceable to the earlier Stony Brook cases ; the later phases of an epidemic description may have their explanation in an infection of the reservoir and supply pipes of the city itself, also by secondary infection from person to per-son, which is always a feature of typhoid epi-demics. The sluggish decline after New Year's day, 1891, registered upon the diagrams of monthly mortality, is explicable by the recurrent crops of secondary infections which are inevitable to such epidemics ; and the periodic fluctuations in the weekly mortality curve were probably due to the same kind of reinforcements. In support of this view, the author calls attention to the fact that the elevations occur at intervals, equal to the incubation period of typhoid fever, namely, every two weeks—afresh crop of cases springing up every fortnight. The report concludes by saying that in the absence of any other sufficient source of con-tamination of the drinking water used by the people, the responsibility for the epidemic must naturally be ascribed to the undoubted infection of Stony Brook, three miles above Lowell; and it may be remarked that the villages bordering on that brook have never in forty years, had so many cases of fever, liable to infect the stream, as in the past two years. The fever epidemics of both Lowell and Lawrence can thus be com-pletely and satisfactorily accounted for, as well as the constant excess of their typhoid rate, from which both of these cities have long suffered. There is. says the report, good rea-son to believe that the germs of the fever have been carried alive and virulent that three miles from Stony Brook to Lowell, and nine miles further from Lowell to Lawrence ; and perhaps under favorable conditions, these germs may havebeen transported from Manchester, N. H., or even more distant points, arriving at Lowell, BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. live and virulent, so that until a new source of supply shall have been obtained, the water taken from the Merrimac River must be regard-ed as a menace to health, both constant and serious. Numerous bacteriological examina-tions were made of the Merrimac River water during the latter end of the epidemic ; but at no time was the investigator able to isolate the bacillus of typhoid fever. It would doubtless have been different had the examinations been undertaken at an earlier stage of the stream's infection. — Journal American Medical Asso-ciation. Summary of Mortuary Reports for March, 1 892. (seventeen towns.) White. Col'd. Total. Aggregate population. 49,100 40,600 89,700 Aggregate deaths . 61 69 130 Representing an annual death-rate per 1,000, 149 20.4 17.4 Deaths under 5 years old, 47 Causes of death. Malarial fever 01 i Typhoid fever 2 2 Measles 20 2 Pneumonia. 12 7 19 Consumption 7 11 18 Brain diseases 4 o 4 Heart diseases 72 9 Neurotic diseases... 13 4 Diarrhceal diseases 13 4 All other diseases 21 33 54 Accident I o i Still-born 3 9 12 61 69 130 Review of Diseases for March, 1892. Brain-fever—Was reported from Caswell. Bronchitis—From Edgecombe, Haywood, Johnston, Lincoln, Lenoir, Orange, Rowan, Sampson and Wayne—q counties. Chicken-pox—From Caswell. Cholera {hog)—From Pender, Pitt, Randolph and Sampson. Consumption—From Onslow. Diphtheria—From Nash, New Hanover, Stokes and Wake. Distemper—From Randolph. Dysentery—From Onslow. Erysipelas From Pitt. Influenza or La Grippe—From Alexander, Carteret, Catawba, Edgecombe, Greene, Jack-son, McDowell, Mitchell, Montgomery, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Rowan, Samp-son, Watauga and Yancey—17 counties. Malarial Fever—From Guilford and Ons-low. Measles—From Caldwell, Carteret, Caswell, Cleveland, Columbus, Duplin, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Greene, Henderson, Le-noir, Montgomery, Nash, New Hanover, Ons-low, Pitt, Randolph, Sampson, Stokes, Union, Wayne and Wilson—23 counties. Mufnps—From Alexander. Pneumonia—From Alexander, Cherokee, Cleveland, Durham, Edgecombe, Greene, Guilford, Haywood Lincoln, McDowell, Nash, Pitt, Rowan, Sampson, Stokes, Union, Watau-ga, and Wayne—18 counties. Roseola—From Haywood. Scarlatina—From Montgomery and Wake. Typhoid Fever—From Buike, Granville, New Hanover, Pitt and Randolph—5 counties. Tonsillitis—From Orange. Whooping-cough—From Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Franklin, Granville, Ire-dell, Nash, New Hanover, Sampson, Wayne and Wilson—12 counties. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents of Health for March, J 892. Alamance — Dr. G. W. Long, Graham. Nothing regardingprevailing diseases. Plans are now on foot for the erection of new and more modern buildings for the Home. Judge Whit-aker delivered a charge to the grand jury of our las* Court well calculated to cultivaie an enlightened public sentiment in favor of sani-tary reform. Alexander—Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville. Mumps, whooping-cough, la grippe and pneu-monia were the prevailing diseases during the past month. The sanitary condition of the BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. county has been very good. ^That of ^the pub-lic buildings is about the same as at the last report, with no efforts at improvement. Alleghany—No Board of Health. Anson—Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro. No report. Ashe—No Board of Health. Beaufort—Dr. S. T. Nicholson, Washing-ton. No report. Bertie—No Board of Health. Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabelhtown. No report. Brunswick—No Board of Health. Buncombe—Dr. H. B. Weaver, Asheville. No report. Burke—Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. There have been reported two cases of whooping-cough and one of typhoid fever. The sanitary con-dition of the county is about the same as usual. There is very little sickness in the county. The case of typhoid was imported from Tennessee. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is as good as it can be made with such build-ings. Cabarrus—No Board of Health, Caldwell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. Three cases of measles and ten of whooping-cough are all there is to report. The sanitary condi-tion of the county is unusually good, the above named diseases with a few cases oi la grippehtxng all. New sewer-pipes have been put into the jail, rendering the sanitary condition better. That of the poor-house is good. Camden—No Board of Health. Carteret—Dr. M. F. Arendell, Morehead City. Measles has prevailed moderately. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. We have had la g'-ippe generally in the county, but there have been very few fatal cases. Caswell—Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. Chicken-pox, measles, and brain fever, with children, have prevailed. The .sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buddings. Catawba— Dr. G. H. West, Newton. La grippe has prevailed in this vicinity, and there have been reported a few cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is about the same as last reported. Chatham—Dr. fl. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. No report. Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy. With the exception of a few cases of pneumo-nia the county is free from epidemic or con-tagious diseases. The public buildings are all in fair sanitary condition. The hospital and jail are under good sanitary discipline. Chowan—No Board of Health. Clay—Ho Board of Hfalth, Cleveland—Dr. O. P. Gardner, Shelby. Measles, la grippe and pneumonia have pre-vailed in all portions of the county. The sani-tary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. Columbus—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. A few cases of measles have been reported. Out-side of catarrhal troubles there has been very little sickness in the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Craven—Dr. L. Duffy, New Berne. No report. Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Mar.-h, Fayette-ville. The sanitary condition of the county is good; that of the public buildings is tolerably good. Some improvements are being made at the poor-house. Currituck—No Board of Health. Dai-e—No Board of Health. Davidson—Dr. R. L, Payne, Jr.. Lexing-ton. No report. Davie—No Board of Health. Duplin—Dr. J. W. Blount, Kenansville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There is an epidemic of measles that is spread over nearly the entire county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is fairly good. Durham—Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham. The healthfulness of the county for the month of March has been as good as usual, though we have had some pneumonia, etc., resulting from colds. Sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tarboro. Measles has prevailed in all parts of the county. Since October, influenza has prevailed in all parts with its dangerous sequelae—pneumonia and bronchitis. These latter have told very BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 5 heavily on the aged and infirm; the death-rate has been in consequence very high. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is very good. Forsyth—Dr. D. N. Dallon, Winston. No report. Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg. Measles and whooping-cough have been and still are prevailing very extensively in all parts of the county. With these exceptions, the health of the county is very good. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good. Gaston—Dr J. H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates—No Board of Health Graham—No Board of Health. Granville — Dr. Patrick Booth, Oxford. There have been reported ten cases of measles, four of whooping-cough, and two of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is good; that of the public buildings is fair. The court-house will soon be completed and greatly improved. Greene—Dr. E. H Sugg, Snow Hil!. La grippe has prevailed and several cases of pneu-monia and measles have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good : also that of the public buildings. Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro. The health of the town and county has been remarkably good—very little sickness indeed. Some cases of malaria and occasionally of pneumonia The sanitary condition of the public buildings is quite good, excepting the jail. There has been talk of building a new jail, but no change has yet been made. Halifax—No Board of Health. Harnett—No Board of Health. Haywood—Dr. J. H. Way, W'aynesville. Roseola has been quite prevalent—very mild and no complications; pneumonia of mild type, and bronchitis of moderate severity have pre-vailed. The sanitary condition of Waynes-ville is good, and usually so; in the rural dis-tricts it is a harder matter and the people are slower to learn the value of sanitary measures. The poor-house is situated in a remote section of the cmnty. It ought to be nearer the county seat, where the inmates could be more conveniently seen and where they could be shown (as I think they would) more attention from the charitably inclined. We are trying to create a public sentiment in favor of a change. The County Commissioners, as you know, move slowly in these matters. Henderson—Dr. J. L. Egerton, Henderson-ville. There have been two cases of measles reported. The sanitary condition of the county has been good. Hertford—No Board of Health. Hyde—No Board of Health. Iredell— Dr. M. W. Hill, Statesville. Whooping-cough has prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is remarkably good, as far as I have heard; that of the public build-ings is good, all things considered. The con-struction of the jail is very faulty, considered from a sanitary standpoint. Jackson—Dr. J. M. Candler, Dillsboro. La grippe has subsided, and the sanitary condition of the county is good; that of the public build-ings is also good. Johnston — Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smiihfield. Bronchial troubles have prevailed. The sani-tary condition of the county is good; that of the public buildings also is good. Jones—No Board of Health. Lenoir— Dr. C. B. Woodley, Kinston. Measles and bronchitis have prevailed in most parts of the county. Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Crouse, Lincolnton. Pneumonia and bronchial troubles have pre-vailed in all parts of the county. The health of the county is better than for any lime in the past six months. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good Macon—Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The sanitary condition of the county is very good; general cleanliness around dwellings is mani. festing good results. Diseases arising from the lack of such measures are disappearing, and general good health pievails. The sanitary condition of the poor-house i- good. Madison—No Board of Health. Martin—Dr. \V. H. Hairell, Williamston. No report. McDowell— Dr. J. H. Giikey, Marion. La grippe and pneumonia have prevailed in BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNA BOARD OF HEALTH. some parts. Other than this there 'has been but little sickness. The jail is in a fair sani-tary condition, and the Home as good as the nature of the buildings will admit of. Mecklenburg—No Board of Health. Mitchell— V)x. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. A considerable number of la grippe cases have been reported, but as yet only one death from the much dreaded disease. The sanitary con-dition of the county is good. The sanitary condition is fair at the jail; there has been some improvement in the alms-house. The first death in the alms-house for eight years occurred last month from paralysis. Montgomery—Y)x. F. E. Asbury, Asbury. Influenza has prevailed in all parts of the county. There have been reported eighteen cases of measles and seven of scarlatina. The sanitary condition of the county is better than for some time. The sanitary condition of the public buildings reflects credit on the keepers of poor-house and jail. Moore— \ix. G. McLeod, Carthage. No report. ]\Jash—Dr. J. J. Mann, Nashville. Measles, whooping-cough and pneumonia have prevailed to a great extent. There has been reported a case of diphtheria. The sanitary condition of the county is very good; also that of the public buildings. New Hanover—Dr . F. W. Potter, Wilming-ton. There have been reported nineteen cases of measles, forty-two of whooping-cough, six of diphtheria, and two of typhoid fever. Influ-enza has prevailed in many portions of the county. There has been an epidemic of ca-tarrhal trouble in horses. The sanitary condi-tion of the county is good. I have been urging the necessity of thorough drainage as well as thorough sanitary policing of the city. Our health officers complain that it is with consider-able trouble they can get the scavengers to do their work properly. I have recommended the <:ity to select a responsible person to be placed in charge of the whole matter. The jail is in fair condition, except that the cemented floor is breaking up. This will soon be reme'died. The poor-house is in good condition, except dampness in the basement, which is to be rem-edied soon. NinthatHpton—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jackson. No report. Onslow—Dr. E. L. Cox, Jacksonville. Seven cases of measles have been reported. There have occurred some cases of acute consumption, dysentery, la grippe, and a good many cases of remittent fever. The sanitary condition of the public buifdings is fair. Orange—Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. Bron-chitis and tonsillitis have prevailed in all parts of the county In point of health, the sanitary condition of the county is not so good. Ton-sillitis has been severe in character (suppura-tive); o'her diseases have been mild. A few cases of rheumatism have occurred. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings, except the jail, fairly good; condition of the Home recently improved in the way of repairs on the building. Pamlico—No Board of Health. Pasquotank—No Board of Health. Pender— Dr, S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. There has been an epidemic of cholera among hogs. The sanitary condition of the county improves in proportion as our people improve in sanitary knowledge. Influenza still con-tinues in all parts of the county. I am using every effort to secure better drainage all over the county as an important factor of health. Especially am I seeking better drainage and improved hygiene for our public buildings. Our authorities are hard to move in this line. Perquimans—No Board of Health. Person—No Board of Health. Pitt—Dr. B T. Cox, Redallia. Measles and influenza have prevailed in all parts of the county. There have been a few cases of cholera among hogs. There was less sickness during March than in several months. A few cases of typhoid fever in the section of Farmville. An occasional case of pneumonia occurs and one case of erysipelas reported. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is good. Polk—No Board of. Health. Randolph — Dr. J. M. Boyette, Ashboro. Three cases of measles and four of typhoid fever have been reported. Hog cholera and distemper in horses have prevailed. The re-ports of this month slrow a better sanitary con-dition of the county. The sanitary condition BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. of the public buildings is somewhat improved since my last report. Richinond—Dr. J. M. Covington, Rocking-ham. No report. Robeson—Dr. F. Lewis, Lumberton. There has been scarcely any .sickness in the county, and the sanitary condition is good. The court-house and jail are in good sanitary condition. The county Home is in a dilapidated condition five miles from the county seat. Removal to a nearer point is suggested, Rockingham—No Board of Health. Rowan—Dr. J. J. Summerell, Salisbury. There have been no epidemic diseases reported, either among the people or domestic animals. The general health is good. La grippe still lingers in a mitigated form in some neighbor-hoods. Cases of pneumonia and bronchitis have been reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Rutherford— Dr. W. A. Thompson, Cliff-dale. The health of the county is much im-proved since the last report. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings, considering the faulty construction. Satnpson—Dr. J. A. S evens, Clinton. In-fluenza, pneumonia, bronchitis, and a few cases of whooping cough and measles have been re-ported. There has been an epidemic of cholera among hogs The coridition of the jail re-mains unchanged—its condition is unsanitary^ Our poor-house is in excellent sanitary condi-tion and well kept, Stanly—No Board of Health. Stokes—Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported three cases of measles, two of diphtheria, and twenty-five of pneumonia. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Surry—No Board of Health. Siaain—No Board of Health. Transylvania—No Board of Health. Tyrtell^-Dx. .\b. Alexander, Columbia. No report. Union — Dr. W. C. Ramsay, Monroe. Measles, pneumonia, and catarrhal diseases have prevailed in several parts of the county. We have had but little sickness in this county for the past month—measles in some portions, but not general; pneumonia in one or two sec-tions; catarrhal diseases general, but mild. Sanitary condition of the poor-house good; of the jail bad. The county is preparing to erect a first-class jail. Vance—Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson. The general health of the county is good, so far as I can learn. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Wake—Dr. James McKee, Raleigh. One case each of scarlatina and diphtheria reported. The sanitary condition of the county is very good; that of the public buildings is good; they are frequently inspected by the city sanitary inspector. Warren—Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenton. No report. Washington—No Board of Health. Watauga—Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. Influenza has prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is perfectly good in all respects. Both jail and poor-house are in good condition. Influenza has prevailed generally, but of a mild type; very few deaths have occurred—a few old per-sons have died from pneumonia. Wayne—Dr. John Spicer, Goldsboro. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Measles is still prevailing, but not so exteti-sively as before. Some pneumonia and bron-chial troubles, also some whooping-cough re-ported. Sanitary condition of the public build-ngs is good. Wilkes—^o Board of Health. Wilson — Dr. Albert Anderson, Wilson. Measles has prevailed in all parts of the county, and there have been a few cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. Yadkin—Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville. No report. Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. La grippe has prevailed in many portions of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is tolerably good; that of the public buildings is not very good, and there are no efforts being made to improve them. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA HOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for Marcfi, 1892.—Continued. 10 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for March, 1S92.—Co7itinued. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA UOARD OF HEALTH. I I Mortuary Report for March, 1892. Towns and 12 KULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. ^leteorolosrical Summary for Kortli Carolina, march, 1892. Furnished by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Hervice. H. B. Battle, Ph, D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist. STATIONS. Asheville Bakersville Charlotte Chapel Hill Douglas Highlands Henderson vi lie... Kitty Hawk Littleton Linville Lenoir , Morganton Mount Airy Oak Ridge Pitisboro Raleigh Southport Southern Pines Salisbury Weldon Willeytou Wilmington.. .., TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr). 43 2 40.1 47.5 45.4 44.6 38.1 44.1 44.5 44.4 41.9 45.2 46.9 43.6 44.7 43.8 46.6 48.8 47.4 48.1 45.4 44.3 50.1 53 6 51.0 56.4 56.3 56.8 50.2 50.8 51.0 55.6 51.6 51.9 55.3 53.1 51.7 51.6 55.7 55.2 61.4 55.1 54.5 55.6 58.4 32.9 29.2 38.7 34.6 32.8 26.0 37.4 38.1 33.1 32.2 37.8 40.3 34.1 31.8 36.1 37.5 42.5 33.5 41.1 36.3 33.0 41.8 a> 20.7 21.8 17.7 21.7 24.0 24.2 13.4 12.9 22.5 19.4 14.1 15.0 19.0 19.9 15.5 18.2 12.7 27.9 14.0 18.2 22.6 16.6 66.9 76.7 73.6 No. OF Days 73.8 3.07 1.31 4.05 2.74 2.27 6.90 3.65 2.88 3.23 2.01 2.90 3.45 1.86 3.10 2.40 3.29 3.72 3.35 3.31 2 70 2.35 2.69 10 9 12 S. & S. E. W. 11 E. S.W. N.W. N.W. S.W. N.W. 6 BU LLETIN NORTH Carolina"' BOARD of health. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, 14 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Summary of Mortuary Reports for April. 1892. (nineteen towns.) White. CoVd. Total. Aggregate. population. 53,100 43,500 96,600 Aggregate deaths 53 QO 143 Representing an annual death-rate per 1,000, I1.9 248 17.7 Deaths under 5 years old. 58 Causes of death. Typhoid fever ... — 2 o 2 Scarlet fever I o i Malarial fever 12 3 Whooping-cough 2 o 2 Measles o i i Pneumonia. 6 17 23 Consumption - 2 15 17 Brain diseases 3 4 7 Heart diseases . . 2 4 6 Neurotic diseases . .. 22 4 Diarrhoeal diseases 41 5 All other diseases 25 34 59 Accident --- i i 2 Still-born 2 9 11 53 90 143 Review of Diseases for April, 1892. Bronchitis— Reported from Caswell, Edge-combe, Franklin, Lenoir, McDowell. Samp-son and Wilson—7 counties Chicken-pox— From Randolph. Diarrhaa — From Alexander and Sampson. Diphtheria — From McDowell, Monigomeiy and Newr Hanover. Distemper— From Randolph. Dysentery— From Alamance, Lenoir, Nash, Richmond and Sampson—5 couniies. Erysipelas— From Haywood. Glanders— From Wake. Ho^ Cholera — From Duplin, Johnston, Montgomery, Randolph and Sampson — 5 counties. Influenza — From Montgomery, Pender and Sampson. Malarial Fever— From Caswell, Sampson and Wilson. Measles— From Alamance, Burke, Caldwell, Chatham, Cleveland, Columbus, Edgecombe. Franklin, Granville, Greene, Johnston, Lenoir, Martin, Montgomery, Nash, New Hanover, Orange, Randolph, Richmond, Sampson, Wayne and Wilson—22 counties. Mumps— From Davidson. Pneuttionia — From Cherokee, Edgecombe, Franklin, Henderson, Iredell, McDowell, Orange, Sampson and Wilson—^9 counties. Rheumatism — From Caswell, Chc-rnkee and Orange. Roseola — From Alamance. Rotheln — From Davidson and New Han-over. Scarlatina — From Montgomery. Tonsillitis — From Orange. Typhoid Fever— From Catawba, Granville, Henderson, Macon, Mitchell, New Hanover and Randolph—7 counties. Whooping-cough — From Alamance, Alex-ander, Burke, Caldwell, Carteret, Cumberland, Davidson, Granville, Greene, Mitchell, Mont-gomery, Nash. New Hanover, Sampson, Stokes and Wayne—16 counties. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents of Health for March, 1892. Alaviance— Dr. G W. Long, Graham. There is not a great deal of sickness in the county except measles, pertussis and roseola, which have prevailed in an uncomplicated form and to a limited extent. The new Home for the Aged is under way. Alexander— Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville. Whooping-cough an4 intestinal troubles have been the prevailing diseases dunng the past month. The sanitary condition of the county is remarkably good. That of the public build-ings is about the same as at the last report, with no efforts at improvement. Ashe— No Board of Health. Alleghany — No Board of Health. Anson — Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro No report. Beaufort— Dr. S. T. Nicholson. Washing-ton. No report. Bertie— No Board of Health. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 15 Bladen — Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown. No report. Brunswick — No Board of Health. Buncombe— Dr. C. E. Hilliard, Asheville, No diseases of special moment have prevailed in the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public buildings is very good. Burke— Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. A few cases of measles and whooping-cough have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good, with very little sickness of any kind. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is about the same as at last report. Cabarrus— No Board of Health. Caldwell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. Measles and whooping-cough of mild form have pre-vailed to a limited extent. The sanitary con-dition of the county is as good as could be desired. The new sewer pipes have been placed in the jail and its condition is much improved. That of the poor-house is good. Camden — No Board of Health. Carteret— Dr. M. F. Arendell, Morehead City. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The public buildings are old, but com-fortable and clean. Caswell— Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. Rheumatism, bronchitis and remittent fever have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public buildings is very good. Cataivba — Dr. G. H. West, NeAfton. Whooping-cough has prevailed in Newton and the vicinity. Four cases of typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county, as far as I can learn, is good. Chatham — V)x. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. The general health of the people is splendid. A few cases of measles have been reported. The sanitary condition of the pub-lic buildings is good. We have one insane patient at the Home, but application has been made for his admission to the State Hospital. Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy. There have been four or five cases of rheuma-tism and about as many of pneumonia reported. There have been no other complaints during the month. The hospital and jail are in fair condition. Our town is neat and clean, and the adjacent country has been improved by some needed draining of old stagnant ponds. Chozvan — No Board of Health. Clay— No Board of Health. Cleveland— T)x. O. P. Gardner, Shelby. Eight cases of measles have been reported. Other than this there have been no diseases of any importance. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Also tlwt of the public build-ings. Columbus — Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. There have been reported only a few cases of measles. The sanitary condition of the county and the public buildings is good. Craven — Dr. Leinster Duffy, New Bern. No report. Cumberland— Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-vilie. Whooping-cough has prevailed in many portions. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public buildings js also good ; some improvements have been made at the poor-house during the month. Currituck — No Board of Health. Da7e— No Board of Health. Davidson — Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., Lexing-ton. Whooping-cough, rotheln and mumps have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. The same can be said of the public buildings. Davie— No Board of Health. Duplin — Dr. J. W. Blount, Kenansville. The health of the county is very good, there being but little sickness of any kind. Hear of some cases of hog cholera. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is moderately good. Durham — Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham. The sanitary condition of the county has been very good. That of the public buildings is also good. Edgecombe — Dr. D. Williams, Tarboro. Measles has prevailed in all parts of the county, and often complicated with bronchitis and pneumonia. The death rate has been large. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Franklin — Dr. E, S. Foster, Louisburg. i6 BULLETIxV OF THE NORTH CAROLIXA BORAD OF H EALTH. There is no sickness in the county with the exception of measles, which is sometimes com-plicated with bronchitis and pneumonia. The health of our county, so far as I can learn, was never better. Forsyth— T>r. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No report. Gaston — Dr. J- H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates — No Board of Health. Graham — No Board of Health. Granville— V>t. Patrick Booth, Oxford. A few cases each of measles and whooping-cough and two of typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is fair, and improfing with enlightenment on the sub-ject of sanitary matters. That of the public buildings is unchanged. Greene— T>x. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. Measles and whooping-cough have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is, as usual.'good. That of the public buildings is also good. Guilfoid— Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro. No repo' t. Halifax— No report from the Superinten-dent of Health. Hainett— No Board of Health. Haywood— Dr. J H. Way, Waynesville. A few sporadic cases of erysipelas and catarrhal diseases of mild form have prevailed. The sanitaiy condition of the county is fairly gosd. That of the public buildings, as usual, is not good. Henderson — Dr. J. L. Egerton, Henderson-ville. There have been reported several cases of pneumonia and one of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Hertford— No Board of Heahh. Hyde—Yso Board of Health. Jndell—V)x. M. W. Hill, Stalesville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. Have heard of one case of pneumonia only. There has been no serious or general sickness over the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is about as u-ual, and there are no efforts at improvement. 1 he jail can-not be made what it should be under its present faulty constriction. Punishment by imprison-ment injures physically, but does not intimidate or reform. There is more power in the oli time whipping-post to deter evil-doers than in both county and S'.ate prisons, and it costs much less. fackson — Dr. J. M. Candler, Dillsboro. The sanitary condition of the county is very good ; also that of the public buildings. Johnston — Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smithfield. Pulmonary troubles have prevailed. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera. Twenty cases of njeasles leported The sanitary con-dition of the county is good. There has been less sickness during April than in any month of the past four. The s-anitary condition of the public buildings is good. Jones— No Board of Health. Lenoir — Dr. C 15 Woodley, Kinston. Measles has prevailed in nearly all portions of the county. Dysentery, influenza, bronchitis and hepatic congestion wih slight fevers have been reported. The ja'l is in good sanitary condition. There is no pDor-house in the county. Lincoln — Dr. W. L. Grouse, Lincolnton. No report. Macon — Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. Two cases of diphtheria and three of typhoid fever have been reported. The saniiary condition of the county is good ; also that of the public buildings. Madison — No Boaid of Health. Martin — Dr. W. H. Harrell, Williamston. Measles has prevailed in several portions of the county. The general health of the county is remarkably good. Very little sickness of any • kind. The sanitary condition of the public buildmgs is very good. They have lately been white-washed and the grounds limed. McDowell— Dt. J. H. Gilkey, Maiion. Pneumonia and bronchitis have prevailed pretty extensively, but we have had little other sickness. Sanitary condition rf the county is good, as is also that of the public buildings, as far as their construciion will admit of. We hope soon to get the Gomm;s>ioners to erect ntw buildings at the Home. Mecklenburg — No Board of Health. Mitchell— Dr. G. E. Smith, Bakersville. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 17 Fifteen cases of whooping-cough and one of typhoid fever have been reported. Pertussis is spreading rapidly on Cane Creek, and is of a violent form. Other than this the sani-tary condition of the county is good. That of the pubh'c buildings is fair. Montgomery— Dr. F. E. Asbury, Asbury. I have to report fifteen cases of measles, three of diphtheria, eight of whooping-cough, ten of scarlatina and influenza. Hog cholera has been epidemic. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Moore— Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carihage. No report. yash— Dr. J. J- Mann, Nashville. Measle=, whooping-cough and dysentery are prevailing in most parts of the county. The sanitaiy condi-tion of the county has been good. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good. We are trying to have a new building erected at the poor-house. New H.inover— Dr. F. W. Potter, Wil-mington. The increased number of deaths from heart disease and pneumonia are con-sidered due to la grippe. I urged the thorough cleansing of streets, lots, etc. There have been reported four cases of rotheln, twenty-four of measles, thirty of whooping cough, one of diphtheria and one of typhoid fever. As far as we can learn the sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. Since the subsidence of la grippe the distemper among horses and hogs has almost entirely ceased. Owing to the greater use of tbe jail during the last term of the Court its condition is not so good. The sanitary condition of the other public buildings Northampton — Dr. H. W, Lewis, Jackson. No report. Onslow — No Board of Health. Oravge—Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. There have been reported a few cases of measles. Catarrhal diseases have prevailed in all parts of tlie county. The sanitary condition of the county is better for this month than for any during the year. Rheumatism, pneumonia, tonsillitis, etc., have prevailed in a mild form. The sanitary condiion of the Home is good, but that of the jail is not so good. Pamlico — No Board of Health. Pasquotank — No Board of Health, Pender— Dr. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. It has been generally healthy in this county dur-ing April. Mild catarrhal affections have pre-vailed to a limited extent, and some few cases of la grippe. Our public buildings are in fair sanitary condition. Perquimans — No Board of Health. Person— No Board of Health. Pitt—Vix. B. T. Cox, Redallia. No report. Polk — Yio Board of Health. Randolph — Dr. J. M. Boyette, Ashboro. One case of measles and one of typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good, according to reports just received. Cholera among hogs and chickens, and distemper among horses has prevailed to a considerable extent the past month. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is satis-factory. I think bed-bugs at the Home are things of the past. The bedding is clean and the inmates well fed and cared for. Richmond— Dr. J. M. Stancill, Rocking-ham. There has been very little sickness, ex-cept measles of mild form and a few cases of dysentery. The sanitary condition of the pub-lic buildings is good except the poor-house, which needs improvement—new buildings and different arrangements for confining incurable lunatics. Robeson — Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton. Little sickness has prevailed in any part of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good, as also that of the public buildings. Rockingham — No Board of Health. Rowan— Dr. J. J. Summerell, SaHsbury. The sanitary condition of the town and county is good. There has been no sickness. The jail could be improved, but thepe has been no effort in that direction yet. Rutherford— Dr. W. Thompson, Cliffdale. No report. Sampson — Dr. J. A. Stevens, Clinton. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. Daring the past month the following diseases have occurred : Influenza, measles, whooping-cough, bronchitis, pneumonia, diar- BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. rhoea, dysentery, and a few cases of malarial fever. The jail was condemned by the grand jury this week, and a new one asked for. The poor-house is in excellent sanitary condition. Stanly— Dr. Boyles, New London. No report. Stokes— Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. There have been reported fourteen cases of whooping-cough^ The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public buildings is also good. Surry — No Board of Health. Swain — No Board of Health. Transylvania — No Board of Health. Tyrtell— Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia. No report. Union — Dr. W. C. Ramsay, Monroe. No report . Vance— Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson. No remarks on prevailing diseases or the sanitary condition of the county. The sanitary condi-tion of the public buildings is good. Wake— Dr. James McKee, Raleigh. No epidemic of any kind has prevailed in the city or county. There have occurred two cases of glanders in horses, the animals being promptly destroyed and buried deep under the soil. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of all the public buildings is remarkably good. Warren — Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenlon. No report. Washington — No Board of Health. Watauga — Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. No report. Wayne — Dr, John Spicer, Goldsboro. A few cases of measles and whooping-cough have occurred. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Bowel troubles seem to be giving rise to more trouble than any other class of diseases. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Wilkes— ^o Board of Health. Wilson — Dr. Albert Anderson, Wilson. Measles prevail in the county. Pneumonia, bronchitis and malarial fevers are reported from different parts of the county. Yadkin — Dr. T. R. Haiding, Yadkinville. No report. Yancey — Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. No diseases of importance have prevailed. The sanitary condjtion of the county is very good, better than usual. Poor-house well kept ; jail only moderately so. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 19 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties 20 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH C.VROLLX.V BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 21 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Mortuary Report for April, 1892. Towns and Reporters. Races. Popula-tion. Durham "I | White. Dr. X. M. Johnson. J Colored. Fayetteville I White. Dr. J. H. Marsh. )' Colored. Goldsboro I |White. The Mayor. f Colored. Washington ) White. City Clerk. J Colored. Asheville "I White. Dr. C. E. Milliard. J Colored. Oxford ) White. Dr. P. Booth. ) Colored. Raleigh ) 'White. Dr. jas. McKee. f Colored. Salisbury \ White. Dr. J. J. Summerell J Colored. Tarboro ) White. Dr. D. Williams. J Colored. Scotland Neck > White. The Mayor. 5 Colored. Wilmington > White. Dr. F. W. Potter. 5 Colored. Monroe ^ \ White. Dr.W.D.Pembertonj i Colored. Statesville I I White. Dr. M. W. Hill. ( [Colored. Wilson I White. Dr. A. Anderson. )' Colored. Rocky Mount ( White. City Clerk. )' Colored. Weldon I White. The Mayor. f Colored. Southport \ White. Dr. D. 1. Watson. J Colored. Hillsboro \ White. Dr. D. C. Parris. J Colored. Henderson \ White. Dr. A. Cheatham. J Colored. 8,000 5,000 5,000 3,600 Repre-senting Annual, Death Rate PEE 1,000. 4,.500 3,500 2,800 2,200 2,800 2,20'J 2,000 1,600 I 3:^10,.500 S; 3,300 f;000 1.5,000 2,a50i 1,650. 4,500 IS 2,370 7WJ1'500 11^21,000 1,200 800 2,000 500 2,000 1,500 800 400 685 750 400 600 600 400 2,256 2,000 2,00J 2,500 3,500 1,200 1,435 1,000 1,000 4,256 10.6 17.1 4.3 21.8 4.3 10.9 6.0 30.0 14.4 32.0 21.2 30.0 9.0 15.4 0.0 29.1 43.1 30.0 0.0 20.0 28.0 20.0 45.0 6.0 0.0 6.0 24.0 15.0 0.0 17.5 0.0 90.0 20.0 0.0 30.0 5.3 60.0 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOAR!) OF HEALTH. 23 Meteorological Summary for North Carolina, April, 1892- Famished by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Service. H. B. Battle, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist. STATIONS. Asheville Bakeisville Charlotte Chapel Hill Douglas Rock House Farm. Henderson vi lie Kitty Hawk Littleton Linville Lenoir Morganton Mount Airy Oak Ridge Pitisboro Raleigh Southport southern Pines ... Salisbury Weldon Willeyton.. Wilmington TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr). 51.2 51.6 56.6 57.0 54.9 52.4 51.7 55.5 54.3 47.1 54.1 .55.8 53.2 54.8 55.0 57.2 57.8 58.6 58.5 56.0 55.5 60.2 65.2 64.-3 65.5 68.6 69.5 60.8 61.8 62.4 67.0 56.7 60.6 62.8 63.3 65.1 63.2 67.0 63.8 72.5 66.2 66.4 67.8 68.2 13.3 38.9 47.9 45.4 40.1 44.0 48.7 48.8 41.3 37.5 46.6 48.8 43.0 44.0 46 9 47.3 51.9 41.15 50.8 45.7 13.2 52.2 21.9 25.4 17.0 23.2 29.1 16.8 13.1 13.(5 2).7 19.2 14 14.0 20.3 21.1 16.3 19.7 11.9 27.9 15.1 20.7 24.6 16.0 65.2 74.4 74.9 71.6 68.7 73.8 6.01 4.90 3.50 3.15 2.52 7.26 6.85 1.94 300 3.75 3.10 4.05 2.65 3.08 2.70 5.57 0.80 3.62 4.01 4 3"! 5.00 1.13 No. OF Days S.W. W. S.W. S.W. S. E. w. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. s. 11 10 8 11 Is. w. STATE METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR APRIL, KS92. Mean Barometer 30.13 inches; normal for April, 30.02. Highest Barometer 30.19 inches, on the 27th, at Lynchburg, Va. Lowest Barometer 29.56 inclies, on the 14th, at Norfolk, Va. Mean temperature 56.3 degrees; normal for April, .'57.7 degrees. Highest temperature 89, on the 5th, at Marion. Lowest temperature 22, on the 11th, at Bakersville Average rain-fall, 4 03 inclies; normal for April, 3.81. Greatest monthly rain-fall, 9.3S inches, at Mnrphy. Least monthly rain-fall, 0.80 inches, at Southport. Average number of cloudless daj s, 10. Average number ol partly cloudy days, 9. Average number of cloudy days, 11. Average number ol rainy day>, 11. Prevailing wind direction, south-west; average hourly velocity, 9fi miles Prevailing direction from many years' ob.servations, south-west. Average velocity, 9 6 miles per hour. BULLETIN NORTH CAROLIM^BOARD OF HEA Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M. D., /"r^J.,. Salem. R. H. Lewis, M. D., Raleigh. W. H. Harrell ..Williamston. J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. .Asheville. J. H. Tucker, M. D., Henderson. Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . Winston. Thomas F. Wood, M. D.', Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington. Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. JUNE, 1892. No. 3. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents of Health for May, 1892. Alamance—Dr. George W. Long, Graham. Measles, whooping-cough and intestinal trou-bles have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is as good as usual. A new Home for the Aged and Infirm is about to be constructed. Alexander—Dr. J. B. W'atts, Taylorsville. Bowel troubles have been very prevalent, with a few ca.'^es of measles and whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the county has been very good during the past month. That of the public buildings is about as at the last report, but think there will be a new building erected for the benefit of the paupers of tiie county at an early date. Alleghany—No Board of Health. Ansojt—Dr. E. F. A^he, Wadesboro. No report. Ashe—No Board of Health. Beaufort—Dr. S. T. Nicholson, Washing-ton. No report. Bertie—No Board of Health. Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown. No report. Brunswick—No Board of Health. Buncombe—Dr. C. E. Hilliard, Asheville. No report. Burke—Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. The sanitary condition of the county is good, with comparatively little sickness. A few cases of dysentery and whooping-cough have been re-ported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is the same as at last report, with no efforts at improvement nor any likely to be soon. Cabarrus—No Board of Health. Caldivell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. The sanitary condition of the county is good, with a few mild cases of cholera-morbus, dysentery and diarrhoea. There have also been reported two cases of measles and one of scarlatina. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is fairly good. Catnden—No Board of Health Carteret—Dr. ^f. F. Arendell, Beaufort. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Our pub ic buildings are old, but safe and com-fortable. Caszt'ell—Dr R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. Remittent fever and dysentery have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. 26 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNA BORAD OF HEALTH. Catawba—Dr. G. H.'West, Newton. Dysen-tery ' as prevailed in portions of the county. There have been reported three cases of whooping-cough and two of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is about as usual. The Board of Magistrates and Com-missioners in conjoint session authorized the County Commissioners to put the jail in good condition. Also to make needed improvements at the county poor-house as regards repairing and putting up new buildings. Chatham—T)r. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. The health of the county during the early part of the month was excellent. During the latter part there have been a number of cases of dys-entery. The public buildings are in good con-dition. Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy. There are a few cases of dysentery here, but no other sickness to my knowledge. The jail and hospital are in splendid condition. Chowan—No Board of Health. Clay—'iio Board of Health. Cleveland—Dt. O. P. Gardner. Shelby. The sanitary Condition of the county is good, as also that of the public buildings. Columbus—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Diar-rhoea of a mild type has prevailed. I hear of one case of pertussis and a few of intermittent fever. The sanitary condition of tTie public buildings is good. Craven—Dr. L. Duffy, Newberne. No report. Cumberland—T>v. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-ville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The town is in better condition than it has been for several years. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is good. Currituck— "^o Board of Health. Dare—No Board of Health. Davidson—Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., Lexing-ton. Mumps, rotheln and whooping-cough have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Also that of the public build-ings. Davie—No Board of Health. Duplin—Dr. J. W. Blount, KenansviUe. No report. Diirhani—Dr. N. M. Johnson. Durham. The healthfulness of the county is as good as usual at this season of the year, being the sea-son for dysentery and other bowel troubles. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good Edgecombe — Dr. D Williams, Tarboro. Whooping-cough has prevailed in some parts of the county. Measles has about disappeare 1 from the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good Forsyth— Dr. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No report. Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg. Measles prevails in most parts of the county. With this exception, and a few cases of dysen-tery, there is less sickness in the county than I have ever known. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good. Gaston—Dr. J. H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates—No Board of Health. Graham—No Board of Health Granville— Dr. P. Booth, Oxford. Measles, dysentery and diarrhoea have prevailed in nearly all portions of the county. The sani-tary condition of the county is fairly good. That of the public buildings is unchanged since the last report, except that the jail has been cleaned and disinfected, and a liberal use of whitewash at the poor-house grounds. Greene— Dr. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. Dys-entery has prevailed in the county, and there have been reported a few cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public building is also good. Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro. No report. Halifax—No report from the Superintend-ent of Health. Harnett—No Board of Health. Haywood—Dr. J. H. Way, Waynesville. No report. Henderson—Dr. J. L. Egerton, Henderson-ville. There have been reported two cases of BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 27 measles and one of typhoid fever. Several cases of diarrhcea and a few sporadic cases of dysentery have been reported. The sanitary condiiion of the county and the public build-ing is good. Hertford—^Q Board of Health. Hyde—No Board of Health. Iredell—T>r. M.W.Hill, Statesville. Whoop-ing- cough and typhoid fever have occurred. The sanitary condition of the county is very good, there having been but very little general sickness over the county. The typhoid fever is in one family and the whooping-cough over the county. The sanitary condition of the public building is about as it has been reported heretofore. There is no effort at improve-ment, nor likely to be soon, judging from the report of the Grand Jury. Jackson—Dr. J. M. Candler, Hillsboro. There has been reported one case of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county was never better. We have three small towns in the county, and as Superintendent of Health, I am looking after their sanitary condition. That of the public building is good. Johnston—Dr. L. L. Sasser. Smithfield. Diarrhcea and dysentery have been the pre-vailing diseases during the month. There have been a few cases of measles reported. Hog cholera has occurred. Jones—No Board of Health. Lenoir— Dr. C. B. Woodley, Kinston. Measles has prevailed in all parts of the county. There have occurred some dysentery, bron-chitis and malarial fever. Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Crouse, Lincolnton. There have been reported two cases of whoop-ing- cough and one of diphtheria. Dysentery has prevailed in all parts of the county. There is the usual amount of bowel troubles but few fatal cases. Both jail and poor-house are well kept. Are kept clean and whitewashed regu-larly. There are no efforts at further improve-ments. Macon—T>r. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There h as been one case of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is also good. Madison—No Board- of Health. Martin—T>x. W. H. Harrell, Williamston. Measles and enteric troubles have prevailed in all sections. With these exceptions and that of four cases of typhoid fever reported, the health of the county has been good. There have been some mild cases of malarial fever. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good. McDowell—Dr. J. H. Gilkey, Marion. Pneumonia, diarrhcea and dysentery have pre-vailed in some parts of the county. With these exceptions, the health and sanitary condition of the county have been good. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is as good as their character will admit of. I shall urge the Board of Commissioners and Magistrates at their con-joint meeting to buy a new site and erect better buildings for the care of the poor. Mecklenburg-—No Board of Health. Mitchell— T)r. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. Pertussis has prevailed in this and Cane Creek sections. The sanitary condition of the county is exceptionally good. Still hear now and then of a case of la grippe of mild type, and as yet no deaths. Pertussis is still spreading, but no deaths reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Montgomery—Dr. F. E. Asbur}', Asbury. There have been reported eight cases of whoop-ing- cough and ten of scarlatina. The sanitary condition of the county is good, better than it has been for some time. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is good, but that of the jail is in a poor condition. No efforts at present for improvement. Moore—Dr. G. McLeod, Carthage. No report. A'ash—Dr. J. J. Mann, Nashville. No report. New Hanover—Dr. F, W. Potter, Wilming-ton. Measles and whooping-cough have pre-vailed in nearly all portions of the county, and there have been reported six cases of typhoid fever, and one each of scarlatina and hemorrha-gic malarial fever. The sanitary condition of most of the county is good. Quite a large num-ber of white families have recently moved into the city, consequently we have had a large num-ber of cases of measles and whooping-cough, as 28 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. few of their children had said diseases prior to their sojourn here. Diarrhoeal diseases have been quite prevalent. The sanitary condition of the jail and house of correction is good, and that of the poor-house is fair. Northampton— \:ix. H. \V. Lewis, Jackson, The health of tLe county has been good for the month of May. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. There has been a mild epidemic of dysentery, but no fatal cases as yet reported. The sanitary condition of the jail and poor-house is good. The jail is a recent improvement, and cost $10,000; it is a sanitary structure, and a credit to our county. It is filled with patent water-closets and soil-pipes, properly ventilated, steel cells, separate apart-ments for males and females, etc. Onslozv—No Board of Health. Of(i„ge—X)x. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. There have been a few cases of measles reported. Diarrhoeal diseases have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. There has been reported some pneumonia, mild and amenable. The san-itary condition of the public buildings is good, save that of the county jail, which lacks the proper arrangement for the disposal of human excrement. Pamlico—No Board of Health. Pasquotank—No Board of Health. Pender—Vtx. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. The health of the county has been generally good during the month, except bowel diseases espec-ially among children. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Drainage is more and more practiced by our citizens, and its advantages to health and agriculture acknowl-edged and appreciated. Malaria is gradually leaving our borders and its cause disappearing. Perquimans—1:^0 Board of Health. Person—No Board of Health. Pitt—'Dt. B. T. Cox, Redallia. Dysentery, diarrhoea and intermittent fevers have pre-vailed, and a few cases of measles, whooping-cough and chicken-pox still linger. Polk—^o Board of Health. Randolph—V)x. J. M. Boyette, Ashboro. From official reports the sanitary condition of the county is better than for the past year. Pneumonia and measles have prevailed to some extent, and dj'sentery has made its appearance in full force. There has also been reported some whooping-cough. Distemper and pink-eye among horses have diminished. Hog and chicken-cholera are prevailing in some parts of the county. The condition of the County Home was much improved on my last visit—the cloth-ing of the inmates, the bedding, houses, etc., were as clean as could be expected under the existing circumstances. The cells are much cleaner than at any previous visit. Richmond—Dr. J. M. Stansill, Rockingham. There have been reported fifteen cases of measles, four of whooping-cough, and one of diphtheria. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good, except the poor-house, which needs improvement badly. We have had a great deal of dysentery during the month, mostly of a mild character, though I have heard of two or three deaths. Robeson—Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton. Measles has prevailed in some parts of the county, and whooping-cough and typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is very fair. That of the jail and court-house good. The removal of the poor-house is continually urged. Rockingham—No Board of Health. Rowan—Dr. J. J. Summerell, Salisbury. I have received no reports, and hear of no sick-ness. I think the county is very free from dis-ease for this season of the year. I have had some mild cases of diarrhoea and dysentery. Our public buildings are in good condition. I hear that the County Commissioners have recently ordered that the water shall not be used so freely as heretofore, and I fear the re-sult, but will try to convince them that they are not acting wisely or humanely. Rutherford—Dr. W. Thompson, Cliffdale. No report. Sampson—V)\. ]. A Stevens, Clinton. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. We have had some cases of whooping-cough, measles, pneumonia, dysentery, diarrhoea, ma-larial fever, and one case of typhoid fever. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera, BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 29 and there have been reported two rabid dogs in the upper part of the county. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is very good. We are to have a new jail, which is greatly needed. Stanly—Dr. Boyles, New London. No re-port. Stokes—Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The health of the county has been unusually good during the past month. There is some dysen-tery at this time, but of a mild form. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Surry—No Board of Health. Swain—No Board of Health. ~ Transylvania—No Board of Health. Tyrrell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia. No report. Union—Dr. W. D. Pemberton, Monroe. The health of the town is good, except for dysentery and diarihcea, prevalent especially among children. Vance—Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson. No report on the sanitary condition of the county and the prevailing diseases. Wake—Dr. James McKee, Raleigh. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. There have been reported three cases of vari-cella and one of typhoid fever. There have occurred several deaths among the cows in the city ifl parturition, due to peritonitis. The sanitary condition of all the public buildings is good. Warren—Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenton. No report. Washington—No Board of Health. Watat4ga—Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. There have been reported ten cases of scarla-tina and two of typhoid fever. La Grippe has prevailed in all parts of the county. The san-itary condition of the county is good in every particular; also that of the public buildings. Wayne—E)r. John Spicer, Goldsboro. No report. Wilkes—^o Board of Health. Wilson—Dr. A. Anderson, Wilson. Whoop-ing- cough, measles, malarial fever, and dysen-tery have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The sanitary condition of the Home is good, but that of the jail is not good, but some im-provements are being made. The court-house is in moderately good condition. Yadkin—T>x. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville. No report. Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good at present. The poor-house is very well kept, but the jail is not kept as clean as it should be. Summary of Mortuary Reports for May, J 892. (eighteen towns.) W/iite. Cold. Total. Aggregate population. 52,500 43,560 96,060 Aggregate deaths 76 70 146 Annual death-rate per 1,000 represented, 17.4 19 3 18.2 Deaths under 5 years old, 71 Causes of death. Typhoid fever 12 3 Malarial fever 31 4 Measles 20 2 Pneumonia 4 2 6 Consumption ... S 14 22 Brain diseases 3 4 7 Heart diseases 52 7 Neurotic diseases 23 5 Diarrhoeal diseases 16 9 25 All other diseases 25 23 48 Accident o I I Suicide 10 i Still-born - 6 9 15 76 70 146 Review of Diseases for May, 1892. Bronchitis—Was reported from Lenoir. Chicken-Cholera—From Randolph. Cholera-morbns—From Caldwell. Diarrhcea — From Alamance, Alexander, Caldwell, Columbia, Granville, Henderson, Johnston, Martin, McDowell, Orange, Pender, Pitt, Rowan, Sampson, Union—15 counties. 30 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Diphtheria—From Lincoln and Richmond. Dysentery—From Alamance, Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, Caswell, Catawba, Chatham, Cherokee, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Greene, Johnston, Lenoir, Lincoln, Martin, McDowell, Northampton, Orange, Pender, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Sampson, Stokes, Union—27 counties. Hog Cholera—From Randolph and Sampson. La Grippe—From Mitchell and Watauga. Malarial Fever—From Casv/ell, Columbus, Lenoir, Martin, Pitt, Sampson, Wilson— 7 counties. Malarial Fever, Hemorrhagic—From New Hanover. Measles—From Alamance, Alexander, Cald-well, Franklin, Granville. Henderson, John-ston, Lenoir, Martin, New Hanover, Orange, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson, Samp-son, Wilson—17 counties. Mumps—From Davidson. Pneumonia—From McDowell, Oiange, Randolph, Sampson—4 counties. Rotheln—From Davidson. Scarlatina—From Caldwell, Montgomery, New Hanover, Watauga—4 counties. Typhoid Fever—From Catawba, Henderson, Iredell, Jackson, Macon, Martin, New Han-over, Sampson, Wake, Watauga—10 counties. Varicella—From Pitt and Wake. Whooping-cough—From Alamance, Alex-ander, Burke, Catawba, Columbus, Davidson, Edgecombe, Greene, Iredell, Lincoln, Mitchell, Montgomery, New Hanover, Pitt, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Wilson—iS counties. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAkOLLNA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 33 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties 34 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Mortuary Report for May, 1892. Towns and lUl.LETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA HOARD OF HEALTH THeteoroloffical Summary for JMortli Carolina, May, 1892. Furnished by the North Caroliua Agricultural Expirrimeiit Slalion and Slate Weather Ser' H. B. Battle, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Hekkmann, Meteorologist. BU LLETI N NORTH CAROLINA ROARD OF HEALTH. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M. D., Pres.,.S3ltm. R. H. Lewis, M. D., ..Raleigh. W. H. Harrell .- Williamston. J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. .Asheville. J. H. Tucker, M. D., _ .Henderson. Prof. F. P. Venable. Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . Winston. Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington. Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. JULY, 1892. No. 4. Cholera. The Morning Star of the 22d instant gives the following cablegram from London: " July 21. A dispatch to the Lancet from Paris says, that cholera in the suburbs of that city is stationary and exhibits no tendency to extension within fortifications. Officially the disease is styled 'epidemic cholerainforme.' It develops so slovi'ly that time for preparation to combat it can be readily taken. It does not seem to have taken root within the walls of the city." Notwithstanding the name given to the dis-ease in Paris, the Spanish Medical Commission sent to investigate it, pronounced it Asiatic Cholera, and the Spanish Government imme-diately took steps to keep it out of their bor-ders. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents of Health for June. 1892. Alamance— Dr. G. W. Long, Graham. Whooping-cough and intestinal troubles have prevailed but are subsiding. An occasional case of fever heard from. New cottages are being built at the Home. Alexander—Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville. Diarrhceal troubles have prevailed, and there have been two cases of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good as far as I can learn. That of the public build-ings is about the same as at last report. There is a movement on foot for the erection of a new home for the poor. Alleghany—No Board of Health. Anson—Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro. No report. Ashe—No Board of Health Beaufort—Dr. S. T Nicholson, Washing-ton. No report. Bertie—No Board of Health. Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown. No report. Brunswick—No Board of Health. Buncombe—Dr. C. E. Hilliard, Asheville. Dysentery has prevailed in some parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county and the public buildings is good. Burke— Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. There has been one case of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Less sickness of any kind than there has been for several years at this season. A few cases of diarrhoea and dysentery have been 38 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLh\A BOARD OF HEALTH. reported, mostly among children. The condi-tion of the public buildings is about the same as at last report. Cabarrus—No Board of Health. Caldwell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. No report. Camden—No Board of Health. Carteret—Dr. M. F. Arendell, Morehead City. The sanitary condition of the county is good, as is also that of the public buildings. Caswell—Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. Remittent fever and dysentery have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public build-ings. Catawba.—Dr. G. H. West, Newton. Dysentery and diarrhoea have prevailed in the central and eastern portions of the county. As far as can be learned, the sanitary condition is about as good as usual. There have been reported four cases of typhoid fever. Repairs will be soon made at the jail in regard to sew-erage system. New houses will be built at the poor-house soon as the Board of Magistrates and Commissioners have so ordered. Chatham—Dr. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. The sanitary condition of the county during the month has been good. A few cases of dysentery have been reported. The latter part of the month was very wet. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Cherokee.—Dr. J. F. Abernaihy, Murphy. No report. Chowan—No Board of Health. Clay—No Board of Health. Cleveland—Dr. O. P. Gardner, Shelby. Dysentery has prevailed in many parts of the county. There have been reported several cases of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is good, and also that of the public buildings. Columbus—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. The sanitary condition of the county has been good. Diarrhoea has prevailed among children, but of a mild type. We have had in the last two or three weeks a few cases of malarial and typhoid fever, and a case or two of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good. Craven—No Board of Health. Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-ville. A few cases of whooping-cough have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good The town is in better condi-tion than it has been for years. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Currituck—No Board of Health. Dare—No Board of Health. Davidson—Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr.. Lexing-ton. No report. Davie—No Board of Health. Duplin—Dr. J. W. . Blount, Kenansville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. A few cases of malarial fever, diarrVcea and dysentery have occurred, but generally yielded to treatment in a few days. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is fairly good. I am glad to state that our county officers are becoming convinced of the necessity and im-portance of paying more attention to the con-dition and management of the public buildings. Durham—Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham. The health of the county for the month of June has been remarkably good, with fewer deaths than usual. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good. Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tar-boro. Whooping-cough has prevailed in all parts of the county There has been an excess of rain in the county in June, and the sanitary condition is not veiy good. The death rate among infants has been large from diarrhceal diseases, complicated with whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Forsyth—Dr. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No report. Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg. Whooping-c ugh has prevailed to some exten^ in town and the surrounding country. So far as I can learn, the sanitary condition of the county is good. Dysentery prevails in some portions and I hear of two cases of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 39 Gaston—Dr. J. H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates—No Board of Health. Graham—No Board of Health, Granville— Dr. P. Booth, Oxford. A few cases of measles have occurred and there have been reported three cases of typhoid fever. Diarrhoea! diseases in mild form have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary con-dition of the county remains about the same as at last report. That of the public buildings is unchanged. Greene—Dr. E. H..Sugg, Snow Hill. Dys-entery has prevailed, with a few cases of ma-larial fever. The sanitary condition of the county is tolerably good; that of the public buildings is good. Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greens-boro. No report. Halifax—No Board of Health. Harnett.— No Board of Health. Haywood—Dr. J. H. Way, Waynesville. No report. Henderson—Dr. J. L. Egerton, Hender-sonville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. A few cases of mumps have been reported. Hertford—No Board of Health, Hyde—No Board af Health. Iredell—Dr. M. W. Hill, Statesville. The sanitary condition of the county has been pretty good. Dr. Hill reports two fatal cases of typhoid fever in his own family. There is another case in a different part of the town. Whooping-cough has been reported also. The public buildings are in their usual sanitary con-dition. Jackson—Dr. J. M. Candler, Dillsboro. No report. Johnston—Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smithfield. Dysentery and bowel troubles have been the prevailing diseases. There has been some chicken cholera. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Jones—No Board of Health. Lenoir— Dr. C. B, Woodley, Kinston. A mild form of dysentery has prevailed in some sections. Two cases of typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good, so far as can be learned, except in so far as recent rains have affected it. The jail is not occupied, but when last visited was in good condition. Lincoln—-Dr. W. L. Crouse, Lincolnton. Typhoid fever and dysentery have prevailed in some portions of the ci unty; there has also been some whooping-cough. There is but little sickness of any kind—less than usual at this season of the year. The sanitary condi-tion of the public buildings is good. No sick-ness during the month Macon—Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There has been one case of typhoid fever only reported. That of the public buildings is good. Madison—No Board of Health, Martin—Dr. W. H. Harrell, Williamston. The sanitary condition of the county is good — less sickness than I have ever known at this season. A few cases of mild malarial fever and some diarrhoeal troubles, with an occa-sional case of dysentery and measles constitute the prevailing sickness for the month. There have also been reported two cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. McDowell—Dr. J. H. Gilkey, Marion. No report. Mecklenburg—No Board of Health. Mitchell—Dr. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. An epidemic of influenza has prevailed in nearly all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported about ten cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is better than for the past i8 months. Both the keeper of the jail and of the alms-house are performing their duty toward the inmates to the very best advantage. Montgomery—Dr. E. E. Asbury, Asbury. Dysentery has prevailed in all parts of the county. There have been reported fifteen cases of measles, ten of whooping-cough, five of scarlatina, five of typhoid fever, three of 40 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. pernicious malarial fever, and two of hcemor-rhagic malarial fever. As far as I can learn, the sanitary condition of the county is tolerably good. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera. There has been no change in the condition of the public buildings since the last report. Moore—Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carthage. No report. Nash—Dr. |. J. Mann, Nashville. We are having a great deal of typho-malarial fever in the county. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good indeed. New Hanover—Dr. F. W. Potter, Wil-mington. You will notice that our death-rate for June is comparatively small, but there has been a good deal of sickness, and if there have been few deaths from diseases peculiar to the locality, the physicians are entitled to more thanks than the authorities. In May I requested the Aldermen to have less digging done. I urge now, as I have always done, the thorough cleaning of the city of trash, etc., while other things should be left ofT until said object should be accomplished. So far as I can learn the sanitary condition of the county is good—only a few cases of continued fever on the seacoast. Measles and whooping-cough are subsiding. There have been reported eleven cases of measles, seventeen of whooping-cough, one of scarlatina, eighteen of typhoid fever. The jail is in good condition, with the oft-repeated exception of the floor, which needs cementing. The other public buildings are in good sanitary condition. NoRTHAMPiON—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jack-son. No report. Onslow—Dr. E. L. Cox, Jacksonville. Dysentery has prevailed in the upper part of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Hog cholera has prevailed in part of the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Orange—Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. I have to report cholera-infantum, diarrhoea, cholera-morbus and dysentery in most all por-tions of the county. A fatal case of typhoid fever reported. Catarrhal fever has prevailed extensively, and in many cases has been severe in form, closely simulating grippe, Measles, in mild form, has prevailed in all parts of the county. Two cases of cholera-morbus resem-bled closely Asiatic cholera. Theresemblance to genuine cholera was in the great prostration, cramps of severe form, rice- colored stools and algid condition. Erysipelas in a severe form has occurred, and also a few cases of mild rheu-matism. Puerperal and septicsemic fevers have occurred. Follicular tonsillitis and pha-ryngitis have been of frequent occurrence, and there have been a few cases of remittent fever. Doubtless the damp hot weather caused much of the dysentery and diarrhoea, and has also been a factor in causing the catarrhal fever. The sanitary condition of the county is not so good, owing to the continued wet weather and the absence of sunshine. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is good, except the jail. Pamlico—No Board of Health. Pasquotank—No Board of Health. Pender—Dr. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. The general health of the county is good. There is a remarkable increase of insanity among the negroes, especially among the women. It is an interesting study for the physician why such a large percentage of our insane are negro women. Pitt—Dr. R. T. Cox, Redallia. No report. Polk—No Board of Health. Randolph—Dr. J. M. Boyette, Asheboro. Reports from all parts of the county show the sanitary condition good. There have been reported one case of measles, five of whooping-cough and two of typhoid fever. Cholera is prevailing among hogs. Dysentery has pre-vailed all over the county. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is good. Richmond—Dr. J. M. Stansill, Rocking-ham. There has been a great deal of dysen-tery and a few cases of tyyho-malarial fever reported. There was very little sickness of any other kind. Two cases of whooping-cough and two of typhoid fever reported. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good, except at the poor-house, which ought to be torn down and new buildings erected. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 41 Robeson—Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton. A good deal of sickness, principally malarial fever and bowel troubles, have prevailed. Considering the heavy rain-fall, the sanitary condition of the county is good. Whooping-cough has occurred. There has been no im-provement at the Home. The sanitary con-dition of the other public buildings is good. Rockingham—No Board of Health. Rowan—Dr. J. J. Summerell, Salisbury. Whooping-cough and typhoid fever have pre-vailed in some parts of the county. The sanitary conditicn of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. Rutherford—Dr. W. A. Thompson, Cliff-dale. Entero-colitis and dysentery have pre-vailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is better than usual at this season. The health of the people is better than last year. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is as good as the poor build-ings v^fill admit of. We need a new jail and poor-house badly, and I will urge our Commis-sioners to build one with modern sanitary improvements. Sampson—Dr J. A. Stevens, Clinton. The sanitary t;ondition of most of the county is good. Measles and whooping-cough have been very prevalent, and there are a few cases of typhoid and malarial fevers. Many cases of dysentery and diarrhoea with several deaths. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is good, but the jail is in bad condition. .Stanly—Dr. A. C. Boyles, New London. The health of the county is very good, with little sickness of any kind. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is tolerably good. Stokes—Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported twenty-three cases of whooping-cough, two of diphtheria, and four of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Surry—No Board of Health. Swain—No Board of Health. Transylvania—No Board of Health. » Tyrrell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia. Cholera-infantum has prevailed in the town of Columbia. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported nineteen cases of measles and one of typhoid fever. The public buildings have been recently repaired. Union—Dr. W. D. Pemberton, Monroe. Considerable diarrhoeal trouble and some ma-larial fevers. No typhoid fever. Our town is doing all its money will allow for the preven-tion of disease. The colored people are poorly cared for. Vance—Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Wake—Dr. Jas. McKee, Raleigh. Only one case of typhoid fever has been officially reported, but three death certificates from typhoid fever have been returned. The sani-tary condition of the county is good. '1 hat of the public buildings is also good. Warren—Dr. J. J. Macon, Warrenton. No report. Washington—No Board of Health. Watauga—Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. Scarlatina and whooping-cough have prevailed in some parts of the county. They are of a mild form with no deaths. There have been some bowel troubles and one case of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the county and of the public buildings is good. The jail is new, with all modern improvements, and the poor-house cottages are new and clean and healthy. Wayne—Dr. John Spicer, Goldsboro. There have occurred a few cases of measles and whooping-cough. Also some continued fever. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There has been some hog cholera. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good. Wilkes—No Board of Health. Wilson—Dr. A. Anderson, WMlson. Dys-entery, diarrhoea and malarial fevers have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sani-tary condition of the county is not good, but there is and has been for some time an im-provement. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Yadkin—Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville. Dysentery has prevailed in nearly all portions 42 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. of the county, and of very fatal character among children. The sanitary condition of the county, in most localities, is good. Some places are not drained as well as they should be to keep off malaria, consequently we have some malarial fever at this season of the year. Our poorrhouse is in good condition—all new buildings. The jail was burnt some time ago, but the contract has been let for the erection of a new one. It will be on the modern plan. Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good at present. There have been reported three cases of typhoid fever. The jail is not well kept. The poor-house is rrioderately well kept. Summary of Mortuary Reports for June, 1892. (eighteen towns.) White. Col'd. Total. Aggregate population. 51,00041,800 92,800 Aggregate deaths 80 91 171 Annual death-rate per 1,000 represented, 18. 3 26.1 22.1 Deaths under 5 years of age, 95 Causes of death. Typhoid fever 23 5 Malarial fever , 22 4 Whooping-cough i 3 4 Consumption - 6 11 17 Brain diseases - - 6 2 8 Heart diseases 8 4 12 Neurotic diseases 03 3 Diarrhoeal diseases 31 2S 59 All other diseases 17 29 46 Accident - o 3 3 Still-born 7 3 10 80 91 171 Review of Diseases for June, 1892. Catarrhal fevet —Was reported from Orange (simulating grippe). Chicken cholera—From Johnson. Cholera-infanttim—From Orange and Tyr-rell. Cho/era-motbus—From Orange. Diarrhma — From Alamance, Alexander, Burke, Catawba, Columbus, Duplin, Edge-combe, Granville, Martin, Orange, Robeson, Rutherford, Sampson and Wilson—14 counties. Diphtheria—From Stokes. Dysentery—From Alamance, Buncombe, Burke, Caswell, Catawba, Chatham, Cleveland, Duplin, Edgecombe, Franklin, Greene, John-ston, Lenoir, Lincoln, Martin, Montgomery, Onslow, Orange, Randolph, Richmond, Robe-son, Rutherford, Sampson, Wilson and Yadkin —25 counties. Erysipelas-^YroVi\ Orange. Hog cholera—From Martin, Onslow, Ran-dolph and Wayne—4 counties. Influenza—From Mitchell. Malarial fever—From Caswell, Columbus, Duplin, Greene, Martin, New Hanover, Orange, Robeson, Sampson, Wayne and Wil-son— II counties. Malarial fever, hcemorrhagic—From Mont-gomery. Malarial fever, pernicious—From Mont-gomery. Measles—Yrom Granville, Martin, Mont-gomery, New Hanover, Orange, Randolph, Sampson, Tyrrell and Wayne—9 counties. Mumps—From Henderson. Rheumatism—From Orange. Scarlatina—From Montgomery, New Han-over and Watauga—3 counties. Typhoid fever—From Alexander, Burke, Catawba, Cleveland, Columbus, Franklin, Greene, Iredell, Lenoir, Lincoln, Macon, Montgomery, New Hanover, Orange, Ran-dolph, Richmond, Rowan, Sampson, Stokes, Tyrrell, Wake and Yancey—22 counties. Typho-fnalarial—From Nash and Richmond. Whoopinz-cough—From Alamance, Colum-bus, Cumberland. Edgecombe, Franklin, Ire-dell, Lincoln, Martin, Mitchell, New Hanover, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Stokes, Samp-son, ^Vatauga and Wayne—17 counties, BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 43 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties 44 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for June, 1892.—Continued. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 45 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for June, 1892.—Continued 46 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Mortuary Report for June, 1892. Towns and BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNA BOARD OF HEALTH. 47 meteorological Summary for :Nortta Carolina, Jane, 1892. Furnished by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Service. H, B. Battle, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist. STATIONS. Asheville Bakeisville Charlotte Chapel Hill Douglas Columbus Horse Cove Kitty Hawk Littleton Louisburg Lenoir Morganton Mount Airy Oak Ridge Pittsboro Raleigh Southport Southern Pines .. Salisbury Weldon Washington Wilmington TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr). 70.0 70.2 76.3 78.0 77.0 67.4 69.4 7.5.2 76.4 75.3 72 5 .74.3 73.9 74.9 75.5 75.8 75,4 77.1 79.3 77.3 76.4 76.2 92 80.7 82.8 86.0 90.5 92.5 74.3 78.5 81.6 88.7 82.5 79.8 82.7 84.6 85.0 83.2 84.7 79.4 91.1 85.5 87.4 87.9 1.0 61 59.3 57.7 66.6 65.5 61.4 60.4 60.3 68.7 61.2 68.1 67.5 69.6 632 64.8 67.8 66.8 71.2 63.1 73.1 67.2 64.9 70.2 21.4 25.1 19.4 25.0 31.1 13.9 18.2 12.9 24.5 14.4 12.3 13.1 21.4 20.2 15 4 17.9 8.2 28.0 12.4 20.2 23.0 11.8 80.2 77.6 80.0 83.4 7.00 5.92 5.51 6.12 8.55 12.72 17.02 6.58 4.49 8.36 820 8.63 4.45 6.84 4.55 4.84 4.52 4.96 4.67 5.11 11.75 6.13 No. OF Days 12 20 N. W. S. E. S.W. N. N. E. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. s. S.W. S.W. S. S.W. ST.\TE METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR JUNE, 1892. Mean Barometer 30.01 Inches; normal for Ju' e, 30.02. Highest Barometer 30..S7 inches, on the 1st, at Hatteras. Lowest Barometer 29.73 inches, on the 27th, at Lynchburg. Mean temperature 75.5 degrees; normal for June, 71.4 degrees. Highest temperature 103, on the 24th, at Southern Pines. • Lowest temperature 48, on the 14lh, at Bakersville. Average raln-fall, 6.90 inches; normal for June, 4..34. Greatest monthly rain-fall, 17.02 inches, at Rock House Farm (Horse Cove). Least monthly rain-fall, 2 70 inches, at Hatteras. Average number of cloudless days, 10. Average number ot partly cloudy days, 12. Average number of cloudy days, 8. Average number ol rainy days, 14. Prevailing wind direction, .south-we.st; average hourly velocity, 7.8 miles. Prevailing direetlon from many years' ob.servatioas, south-west. Average velocity, 7.0 miles per hour. BU LLETIN OF THE NORTH CABOLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M, D., Fres.,.'SsAtm. R. H. Lewis, M. D., Raleigh. W. H. Harrei.l Williamston. J. A. Hodges, M. D Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. ..Asheville. J. H. Tucker, M. D,, Henderson. Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E.,.. Winston. Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington. Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. AUGUST, 1892. No. 5. THOMAS F. WOOD, M: D., LL.D. Dr. Thomas Fanning W^ood, the able Secre-tary of the North Carolina Boaid of Health, died at his residence in this city about 2 o'clock yesterday, the 22d of August, 1892. The State of North Carolina has lost a son, t han whom none were more jealous of her honor and her welfare. The caute of sanitary reform and of medical progress in the .State, and in the country at large, has lost a most earnest and diligent advocate and worker, whose place will indeed be hard to fill. Let every citizen of our State, who can appreciate the services of one whose undying energies have for so many years been given, for the honor of his State and the welfare of her people, bow the head in sorrow at their loss. At the Fayetteville meeting of the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina a com-mittee was appointed to memorialize the Legis-lature for the establishment of a State Board of Health. The result of this action was the en-actment of a law making the State Society the Board of Health. At the next meeting of the Society, in 1877, a committee was appointed who should perform the arduous duties thus imposed upon the Society. Dr. S. S. Satcliwell was made the Chairman of this Committee, and Dr. W^ood the Secretary and Treasurer. Unin-terruptedly, from that date to the time of his death. Dr. Wood has held the office of Secretary and Treasurer of the Board of Health, making its success the chief ambition of his life, and giving to the work his untiring devotion and labor. At the time of the passage of the act creating the Board of Health, the amount of $roo per year was appropriated for the use of the Board. Until the recent act of 1SS5, which put the B jard on a better financial basis, the State ap-propriation was much too little to meet the actual expenses for stationery and postage inci. dent to the necessary instruction of the people in the methods of sanitation, and in exciting in the State profession an interest in the work; but he had the work at heart and it must not fail, so when the appropriation was exhausted he drew with an unstinting hand upon his own small store, suffering personal privations that this public work might go on to success. Great was his satisfaction when the Legisla-ture of 1885 created the Board of Health as it exists to-day, enabling it to do better service. Only those who were with him, and to whom he would open his mind on the subject, could know the deep anxiety with which he awaited 50 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. the action of the Legislature, or the true pleas-ure that its final action gave him. As soon as the word reached him that his bill had become a law, he engaged the services of an assistant and proceeded to have county boards of health organized, and to establish a voluntary system of mortuary reports from the larger towns of the State. He worked assiduously during that year, and when for the treatment of his fatal malady it became necessary for him to keep his bed twenty months, during those anxious days his interest did not flag, but his eye was ever on the watch for rocks and breakers, while his hand still held the wheel that directed the ship in its progress. But his works were too many and too great and good for even a bare mention of them in this brief notice, which is written while this issue of the Bulletin is in the hands of the compositor. A more extended notice will appear in another place by one more fitted to make known the deeds and sound the merited praise of this valued and honored citizen, this wise and skillful physician, this loving and sym-pathetic friend, this noble and true Christian. The Cholera. The latest returns from the infected districts of Europe, as taken from the press dispatches of the 24th of August, are to the following efifecl : St. Petersburg, Aug. 23.—Official returns of new cases of cholera yesterday and deaths, show a decrease compared with Sunday's figures of 15 cases, and an increase of iii deaths. The total number of new cases reported yesterday was 6,806; total deaths 3,429. Hamburg, Aug. 23.—Cholera is chiefly prevalent in Alstadt, or the old portion of the city, comparatively few cases occurring in the Nevstadt or the new portion. Every precaution possible is being taken to localize the disease. A number of new cases were reported to-day. Teheran, Aug. 23.—A dispatch from Ren-shid, in the province of Ghilan, states that every day hundreds of persons are dying there from cholera. Renshid is a very unhealthy place, and sanitary methods are unknown. It lies on the Caspian Sea, an 1 is the center of the importing trade of the province in which i^ is located. Most all imports are from Russia. Other cities are also suffering. Washington, Aug. 23.—Although no real fears that cholera will reach the United States is expressed by the authorities of the Treasury Department, they are taking all the precau-tions deemed necessary to prevent its introduc-tion. Circulars have hitherto been issued to Customs officers directing the disinfecting of baggage from cholera infected ports. Assist-ant Secretary Spaulding was in conference to-day with Dr. Austin, Acting Surgeon General of the Maiine Hospital Service, m regard to further precautionary steps. Official information has been received that Asiatic cholera exists in Hamburg and Havre, and port officers at New York and Baltimore have been so informed. Hamburg authorities have heretofore insisted that the disease was cholerine. At Hamburg yesterday there were 120 cases of cholera. Many deaths were re-ported. Consul Williams, at Havre, reports an epi-demic of Asiatic cholera at that place, with many deaths, and advises insptction of the fast liner La Touraine. These facts have been promptly communi-cated to the health officers at Staten Island, and every precaution will be taken, especially in view of the fact that the epidemic has now reached two of the most important ports in Europe with which the United States has direct and rapid communication. Some Reasons for Daily Exercise. 1. Any man who does not take time for exer-cise will probably have to take time to be ill. 2. Body and mind are both gifts, and for the proper use of them our Maker will hold us re-sponsible. 3. Exercise gradually increases the physical powers, and gives more strength to resist sick-ness. 4. Exercise will do for your body what intel-lectual training will dn for your mind— educate and strengthen it. 5. Vlato called a man lame because he exer-cised the mind while the body was allowed to suffer. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 51 6. A sound body lies at the foundation of all that goes to make life a success. Exercise will help give it. 7. Exercise will help a young man to lead a chaste life. 8. Varied, light and brisk exercises, next to sleep, will rest the tired brain better than any-thing else. 9. Metal will rust if not used, and the body will become diseased if not exercised. 10. A man ''too busy" to take care of his health is like a workman too busy to sharpen his tools. — Glasgow Herald.—Maryland Med-icalJournal. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents for July, 1892. Alamance—Dr. G. W. Long, Graham. Whooping-ccugh, measles, mild typhoid fever and intestinal diseases have prevailed. New cottages are nearly completed for the Home. Ale.xander— Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville. There have been reported five cases of typhoid fever during the past month. The sanitary condition of the county remains very good. That of the public buildings is about the same as at the last report, Alleghany—No Board of Health. Anson—Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro, No report. Ashe—No Board of Health. Beaufort—Dr. S. T. Nicholson, Washing-ton. No report. Bertie - No Board of Health. Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown. No report. Brunswick—No Board of Health. Buncombe—Dr. C. E. Hilliard, Asheville. Typhoid fever has prevailed in some parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Burke—Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. The sanitary condition of the county is fair. There have been reported two cases of whoop-ing- cough, four of typhoid fever, four of sub-acute gastritis, and a few cases of bowel afifec-ions, mostly among children. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is about the same as at last report. No improvements are being considered. Cabarrus—No Board of Health, Caldwell — Dr. .\. A. Kent, Lenoir. Typhoid fever in mild form has prevailed in most parts of the county, thirty cases being reported. Two deaths have resulted. There has been an unusually large amount of sickness. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is fairly good. Camden—No Board of Health. Carteret—Dr. F. M. Arendeli. Morehead City. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Measles have occurred. Our public buildings are in good condition; they are old, but comfortable. Caswell—Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There has been an epidemic of hydro-phobia among dogs. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Catawba — Dr. G. H. West, Newton. Whooping-cough has prevailed in the central part of the county. There have been reported also twenty-seven cases of typhoid and twenty of typho-malarial fever. Repairs at the jail are now in progress, and will probably be com-pleted by the last of the month. Three new houses are being built at the poor-house, one to be used as a hospital. Chatham—Dr. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. No report. Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy. The health of this county is not good. Typhoid fever, flux and bowel diseases generally prevail. There has been no change in the condition of the public buildings. The inmates are healthy. Four deaths from typhoid fever reported. Chowan—No Boaid of Health. Clay—No Board of Health. Cleveland—Dr. O. P. Gardner, Shelby. Typhoid fever has prevailed in some portions of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. Columbus—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. The sanitary condition of the county, as a whole, I consider good; but I hear of many 52 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. cases of a continued form of fever in different sections of the county that generally yields to treatment in ten or fifteen days. There have been reported three cases of whooping-cough, and six of typhoid fever. The sanitary condi-tion of the public buildings is good. Craven—Dr. Lein^.ter Duffy, New Berne. No report. Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-viJle. Malarial fever has prevailed in some parts of the county, and there have been re-ported a few cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is good; but the jail is in an unsafe condition. How-ever, all necessary repairs have been ordered. Currituck—No Board of Health. Dare—No Board of Health. Davidson—Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., Lexing-ton. No report. Davie—No Board of Health. Duplin—Dr. J. W. Blount, Kenansville. The sanitary condition of the county is reason-ably good. There are some cases of malarial fever over every portion of the county, but not so general as the extreme wet weather in June followed by the very warm weather of July would lead us to expect. The sanitary condi-tion of the public buildings is good. The buildings are well ventilated, and kept in a clean and healthful condition. Durham—Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham. The healthfulness of the county for July has been about an average for the same period in former years. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tar-boro. Whooping-cough has prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county and public buildings is very good. Forsyth—Dr. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No report. Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg. Whooping-cough prevails in several portions of the county. So far as I can learn the health of the county was never better. There have been a few cases of continued fever of a mild type; no sickness of apy seriousness. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good. Such improvements as are needed are had on application to the proper authorities. Gaston—Dr. J. H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates—No Board of Health. Graham—No Board of Health. Granville—Dr. Patrick Booth, Oxford. There have been reported thirty cases of whooping-cough, and six of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is fair, and that of the public buildings is unchanged. Greene—Dr. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. Ma-larial fever has prevailed in the county, but there has been very little sickness of any kind. The sanitary condition of the county is tolera-bly good, and that of the public buildings is good. Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greens-boro. No report. Halifax—No Board of Health. Harnett—No Board of Health. Haywood—Dr. J. H. Way, Waynesville. No report. Henderson—Dr. J. L. Egerton, Hender-sonville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported two cases of typhoid fever. Hertford—No Board of Health. Hyde—No Board of Health. Iredell—Dr. M. W. Hill, Statesville. There have been four cases of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. Have heard of two deaths from typhoid fever. There have also been a few cases of cholera-infantum. The public build-ings are in their usual sanitary condition. There have been no cases of sickness at either the jail or the poor-house this season. [We are very glad to be corrected by Dr. Hill in regard to the report we published last month, that he had two fatal cases of typhoid fever in his own family. The unfortunate family in which these cases occurred lived out of town. His report said "one," while we read it "our" family, etc. Jackson—No Board of Health. BULLETIN- OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 53 Johnston—Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smichfield7 Malarial troubles, continued fever and five cases of typhoid fever have occurred. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Jones—No Board of Health. Lenoir—Dr. C. B. Woodley, Kinston. There has been some malarial fever in different sections, and there have been reported three cases of typhoid fever. Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Grouse, Lincolnton. Typhoid fever has prevailed in town and the eastern portion of the county—I have had ten cases in my own practice. The fever broke out just after the heavy rains, and seemed always to be from surface water getting into the springs and wells. There is some dysentery, no malaria. There have been five cases of typhoid fever in the jail. It has seemed to originate from an old cesspool above the well. It was in the form of an old cellar under an old house, not well covered. The jailer died, but no new cases have occurred since the well has been abandoned. Macon—Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Only one case of typhoid fever has been reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is also good. Madison—No Board of Health. Martin—Dr. W. H. Harrell, Williamston. No report. McDowell—Dr. J. H. Gilkey, Marion, who has been the Superintendent of Health ever since the organization of the Board of Health in his county, has recently died. Mecklenburg—No Board of Health. Mitchell—Dr. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. An epidemic of summer diarrhoea has prevailed in all portions of the county. There have also been several cases of cholera-infantum of a severe type in and around Bakersville, compli-cated with eclampsia; four deaths have been reported. One case of typhoid fever has been reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Montgomery—Dr. F, E. Asbury, Asbury. The sanitaiy condition of the county is good — better than for some time. There have been reported twenty-four cases of whooping-cough and seven of typhoid fever. The poor-house is in good sanitary condition, but the jail is not. Moore—Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carthage. The sanitary condition of the county has been very good this summer. The cases of gastro-intestinal troubles have been milder and fewer in number than usual. There have been reported four cases of typhoid fever. The san-itary condition of the public buildings is good, except the Home, which needs some repairs. The County Commissioners have ordered this done. Nash—Dr. J. J. Mann, Nashville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. We are having some whooping-cough now in some portions. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. New Hanover—Dr, F. W. Potter, Wil-mington. There have been reported four cases of measles, twenty of whooping-cough, two of diphtheria, fifteen of typhoid fever, and two of pernicious malarial fever. I learn of some continued fevers through the county, attended with inflamation of the tonsils and uvula. The jail has had an average of twenty-one inmates during the month, wiih little or no sickness. The House of Correction had eight prisoners, two of whom were sick a good deal, one with syphilis and the other with ordinary rheuma-tism; both are better. The poor-house, or County Home, had sixteen inmates, three of whom are white; one, an old man named James Martin, white, about 65 years of age (I pre-sume), is in a complete demented condition. All I can learn from him is, his name is "James Martin." We found him down in the street, and he was sent out to the poor-house a few weeks sinee. Mary Martin, a consumptive who keeps her room (in white ward), is fur-nished her food at her own room from Mrs. Pickett's table nearly all the time. Miss Fan-nie Morse, on account of her leaving the. poor-house and coming to the city, has been confined in the insane department. §he has had fever, but is now up again. Most of the evidence obtained by the Grand Jury was from her and another person, an old colortd man, Jupiter Lov^fery, who was crazy a few weeks since. 54 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. but is much better now. Miss Morse was sent to the poor-house several months since at the solicitation of her mother, Mrs. Soloman Morse, and her brothers, who said they could not live in the house with her, because she would at times become furiously mad and beat her mother with a broom-stick or anything else she could get in hand, and swore terribly. The old man, Jupiter Lowery, colored, was deranged for a very short time, and is now quite cured. No sickness now of any importance. I am sorry so much has been said, unless the information had been obtained from sane persons. I told every Superintendent before Mrs. Pickett's time, as well as her, never to treat the insane other-wise than very kindly. I never saw a colored person in Miss Martin's room, a white woman, nor in any other white inmate's room. I have never seen the white and colored eat together in the same room or at the same table. I have known Mrs. Pickett to feed the sick from her own table. The white inmates occupy rooms in a separate building from the colored. The place needs draining, and I have begged and importuned Mr. Owen Hausley, white man in charge of affairs, to have ditches dug, etc. ; and which, if done properly, would drain the prem-ises, basement and all, perfectly. The last time I made a demand he said it would be done soon after the Commissioners met on the first of the month. I remember well of saying to some of the Commissioners that the contractor would bear watching. He went off without comple-ting the hospital—not a shelf, cupboard, bench or anything in the building. I noticed, too, that there was a closeness about the building, and want of sufficient light. Mr. Bagg said all would be made " O. K." I could say more, but it is useless at present. Northampton—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jackson. Measles and whooping-cough have prevailed in some sections, and there have been reported twelve cases of typhoid fever and one of per-nicious malarial fever. The sanitary condition of the county is fair, and that of the public buildings is good. White-wash and lime are used freely. Onslow—Dr. E. L. Cox, Jacksonville. Con-tinued malarial fevers have prevailed in all parts of the county, and there have been reported two cases of typhoid fever. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera in the northern part of the county. The sanitary condition of the county and public buildings is good. Orange — Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. Bowel, throat and pulmonary diseases have prevailed in all portions of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is not very good. There have been reported two cases each of scarlatina, typhoid fever and cholera. The sanitary condition of the public buildings, except the jail, is good. Pamlico—No Board of Health. Pasquotank—No Board of Health. Pender—Dr. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. Malarial and typhoid fevers have prevailed to a considerable extent. An epidemic of insanity is prevailing, and has prevailed for many months, among our negro population, especi-ally among the women, and is giving us much concern. We have no suitable accommoda-tions, and our negro asylum at Goldsboro is full to ovei flowing. What causes so much negro insanity in our State certainly demands inquiry. Perquimans—No Board of Health. Person—No Board of Health. Pitt—Dr. B. T. Cox, Redalia. Malarial and typhoid fevers and intestinal troubles have prevailed in many parts of the county. Except-ing our creeks and rivers, where there has been considerable oveiflow by the past rains, the sanitary condition of the county is good. The public buildings are nicely kept. Polk—No Board of Health. Randolph—Dr. J. M. Boyette, Asheboro. There have been reported four cases of measles, seven of whooping-cough, and nine of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Richmond—Dr. J. M. Stansill, Rockingham. The health of this section of the county is very good. There have been a few cases of malarial fever, fourteen cases of scarlatina, four of diph-theria,' and a few cases of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good, except at the poor-house, which needs some changes. , BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 55 Robeson—Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton. Whooping-cough has prevailed in some sections of the county. Cholera has been epidemic among hogs. The sanitary condition of the county is fair; that of the public buildings is good. Rockingham—No Board of Ileahh. Rowan—Dr. J. T. Summerel!, Salisbury. Typhoid fever has prevailed in several neigh-borhoods, and to some extent in Salisbury. The sanitary condition of the county is about as usual—some sections are healthy, while mala-rial and typhoid fevers prevail in others. The past ten days have been excessively hot, but there have been no serious cases of prostration, though the people have suffered much from the heat. The public buildings are in good sani-tary condition. Rutherford—Dr. W. A. Thompson, Cliff-dale. The sanitary condition of the county is very good, and the health of the people better than for some time. The condition of the pub-lic buildings is unchanged. Samson—Dr. J. A. Stevens, Clmton. No report. Stanly—Dr. A. C. Boyles, New Lcndon- No report. Stokes—Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported about forty cases of whoop-ing- cough, one of diphtheria and ten of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Surry—No Board of Health. Swain—No Board of Health. Transylvania—No Board of Health. Tyrrell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia. No report. Union—Dr. W. C. Ramsay, Monroe. Typhoid fever, remittent fever, and whooping-cough have prevailed in some parts of the county. " Typho-malarial," so called, has been spoken of as prevailing t6 some extent. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is good. There is a new jail now being built, and will soon be completed. Vance—Dr. W. T. Cheatham, Henderson. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. No information as to the nature of prevailing diseases. Wake—Dr. Jas. McKee, Raleigh. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported one case of scarlatina, two of diphtheria, and thirty-eight of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of all public buildings is good. W^ARREN—Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenton. No report. Washington—No Board of Health. Watauga—Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. There have been reported ten cases of whoop-ing- cough, ten of scarlatina and one of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is very good, with very little sickness in the county. The public buildings are all in good sanitary condition. Wayne—Dr. John Spicer, Goldsboro. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There has been an epidemic of cholera among hogs and chickens. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Wilkes—No Board of Health. Wilson—Dr. A. Anderson, Wilson. Mala-rial fevers have prevailed in all parts of the county, The sanitary condition of the county is good. Yadkin—Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville. Typhoid fever has prevailed in nearly all por-tions of the county; about thirty-five cases re-ported. Our county is well drained at present, save one portion, consequently we have very lit-tle malaria. As to the precautions for the pre-vention of typhoid fever, I cannot think our people are up with the age. The sanitary con-dition of the poor-house is good. We have no jail, but will soon begin to erect one on the best sanitary plans of the times. Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. The general health of the county is very good, con-sidering the hot weather. There have been reported four cases of typhoid fever. The jail is not very well kept. The poor-house is mod-erately well kept. 56 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Review of Diseases for July, 1892. Chicken Cholera—Was reported from Wayne. Cholera—From Orange. Cholera-infantum — From Iredell and Mitchell. DiARRHCEA—From Alamance, Burke, Chero-kee, Mitchell, Moore and Pitt—6 counties. Diphtheria—From New Hanover, Rich-mond, Stokes and Wake—4 counties. Dysentery — From Alamance, Burke, Cherokee and Pitt—4 counties. Flux—From Cherokee. Gastritis— From Burke. Hog Cholera—From Onslow, Robeson and Wayne—3 counties. Hydrophobia (dogs)—From Caswell. Insanity—From Pender. Malarial Fever—From Columbus, Cum-berland, Duplin, Franklin. Greene, Johnston, Lenoir, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Richmond, Rowan, Union and Wilson—15 counties. Malarial Fever, Pernicious—Fronr New Hanover and Northampton. Measles—From Alamance, Carteret, New Hanover, Northampton and Randolph— 5 counties. Scarlatina — From Orange, Richmond, Wake and Watauga—4 counties. Typhoid Fever—From Alamance, Alexan-der, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Cherokee, Cleveland, Columbus, Granville, Henderson, Iredell, Johnston, Lenoir, Lincoln, Macon, Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Northampton, Onslow, Orange, Pen-der, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Stokes, Union, Wake, Watauga, Yadkin and Yancey — 34 counties. Typho-malarial — From Catawba and Union. Whooping-cough—From Alamance, Buike, Catawba, Cumberland, Columbus, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Montgomery, Nash, Northampton, Randolph, Robeson, Stokes, Union and Watauga—16 counties. Summary of Mortuary Reports for July, 1892. (nineteen towns.) White. Col'd. Total. Aggregate population. 61,200 50,700 111,900 Aggregate deaths 103 153 256 Annual death-rate per 1,000 represented, 202 362 27.4 Deaths under 5 years of age, 130 Causes of death. Typhoid fever II 1 3 24 Malarial fever. ... 3 3 6 Diphtheria-- i o i Whooping-cough 3 i 4 Pneumonia . 24 6 Consumption - 9 II 20 Brain diseases 6 5 11 Heart diseases 369 Neurotic diseases.... 20 2 Diarrhoeal diseases 25 40 65 All other diseases 27 50 77 Accident O 4 4 Still-born 11 16 27 103 153 256 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNA BOARD OF HEALTH. 57 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties 58 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 59 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for July, 1892.—Continued. 6o BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Mortuary Report for July, 1892. Towns and Reporters. Asheville 1 Dr. C. e. Hilliard. J Scotland Neck "I J. D. Perry. J Durham \ Dr. N. M. Johnson. J Fayetteville \ Dr. J. H. Marsh. ) Goldsboro \ The Mayor. )" Henderson ) Dr. A. Cheatham. J Rocky Mount ^ Dr.G.L.Wimberly.l Oxford \ Dr. P. Booth. i Raleigh I Dr. jas. McKee. j Salisbury \ Dr. J. J. Surainerell j Tarboro \ Dr. D. Williams. J Weldon I The Mayor. j Wilmington I Dr. F. W. Potter, j Rockingham / Dr. J. M. Stancill. \ Statesville I Dr. M. W. Hill. \ Wilson / Dr. A. Anderson, f Hillsboro \ Dr. D. C. Parris. / Winston 1 Dr. R. F. Gray. ] Charlotte 1 City Clerk. / Races. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. Popula-tion. Repre-senting Annual Death Rate PER 1,000. 7,500 3,000 500 500 4,.500 3,500 2,800 2,200 2,800 2,201) 2,256 2,000 800 400 1,700 1,600 8,000 7,000 2,850 1,650 1,100 900 750 9,000 12,000 1,000 700 2,000 500 2,000 1,500 600 400 5,100 4,900 6,000 5,000 10,500 1,000 8,000 5,000 5,000 4,256 1,200 3,300 15,000 4,500 2,000 1,435 21,000 1,700 2,.500 3,500 1,000 10,00:J 11,000 11.2 36.0 0.0 24.Q 16.0 17.1 12.8 32.7 21.5 21.8 0.0 42.0 0.0 30.0 7.0 45.0 37.5 37.7 16.9 21.8 32.7 13.3 0.0 64.0 30.7 21.0 12.0 0.0 18.0 0.0 21.0 40.0 0.0 90.0 11.7 90.6 26.0 43.2 c3 18.3 12.0 16.5 21.6 21.6 19.7 10.0 25.4 37.6 18.6 24.0 33.4 25.1 7.1 14.4 30.8 36.0 50.4 33.8 > o Si ft >, 1 ~i 6 4 "i 2 1 1 3 2 2 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 6l meteoroloirical Summary for :Morlli Carolina, July, 1892. Furnifthed by Ibe North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Service. H. B. BATTLr, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist. STATIONS. Asheville Bakeisville Charlotte Chapel Hill Douglas Boone Columbus Kitty Hawk Littleton. Newbern Lenoir Morgan ton Mount Airy Oak Ridge Pittsboro Raleigh Southport Southern Pines Salisbury Weldon Tarboio Wilmington TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr). a BU LLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Raleigh, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M. D., /'r^j., .Salem. J. H. Tucker, M. D., Henderson. J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. ..Asheville. W. H. Harrell, M. D Williamston. Geo. Gillett Thomas, M. D., Wilmington. Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . ... Winston. Richard H. Lewis, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Raleigh. Entered at the post-office at Raleigh, N. C., as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. SEPTEMBER, 1892. No. 6. Ln the August issue of the Bulletin a slip was inserted announcing the action of the Board at a called meeting held August 7, in regard to the vacancies caused by the death of Dr. Thomas F. Wood. Dr. Geo. Gillett Thomas, of Wilmington, was elected as the new member of the Board, and Dr. Richard H. Lewis, of Raleigh, for several years a member of the Board, was elected as Secretary, The change required a removal of the affairs of the Board from Wilmington to Raleigh, and to avoid interference with the routine work, the new Secretary thought it advisable that the work be continued in Wilmington until the 1st of Octo-ber, thus giving him time to remove the effects of the Board and prepare himself for the work. All correspondents of the Board will please take notice that, from this date, all communi-cations should be addressed to Raleigh. The epidemic of Asiatic Cholera, which has almost reached the point of a pandemic, is still raging in Hamburg, and to a less extent in several other European cities, though the num-ber of cases and deaths reported in the press dispatches show that the disease is on the wane. The wave has traveled across the Atlantic, and is striving to ga!in an entrance into this country, upwards of twenty great steamships with thousands of immigrants coming from infected ports having been detained at the New York Quarantine. Thanks, however, to the great energy and eiificiency of the Quaran-tine officers of that port, the wave has struck a firm barrier, and while a fe
Object Description
Description
Title | Bulletin of the North Carolina Board of Health |
Other Title | Bulletin of the North Carolina State Board of Health; Bulletin of the North Carolina Board of Health |
Creator | North Carolina. State Board of Health. |
Date | 1892; 1893 |
Subjects |
Diseases--Reporting Genealogy Institutional care Meteorology--Observations Mortality--Statistics Prisons--Statistics Public Health--North Carolina--Periodicals |
Place | North Carolina, United States |
Time Period | (1876-1900) Gilded Age |
Description | Volume 7, Issues 1-12, April 1892-March 1893. |
Publisher | Wilmington, N.C. :Secretary of the Board, |
Agency-Current | North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Physical Characteristics | 61 v. :ill. ;23 cm. |
Collection | Laupus Library, East Carolina University |
Type | text |
Language | English |
Format | Bulletins |
Digital Characteristics-A | 9,179 KB; 168 p. |
Digital Collection |
Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access, a North Carolina LSTA-funded grant project North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Related Items | Imprint varies: published later at Raleigh, N.C. |
Title Replaced By | Health bulletin** |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_edp_bulletinboardofhealth189293.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_edp\images_master\ |
Full Text | ,^' •% %^':- ,A^ * ^£t^'-r^y ^ z'Sf'^ I%1 W^:'-t-:|3 r^'-iV'^^ ^mt p%- f;:!^ :x.-^^*i j^'-"-V'. g E. Daniel Shingleton ^ g Public Health Collection LAUPUSUBRARy ^•^ DlyinON OP HHAITH SOBNCBS ^^^ *• Jk BAIT CAROLINA UNIVBaSITT ^^^ BULLETIN NORTH CAROLINA ROARD OF HEALTH. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS^A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M. D., /'/vj.,. Salem. R. H. Lewis, M. D.,... ..Raleigh. J. M. Baker, M. D., Tarboro. J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. .. Asheville. J. H. Tucker, M. D., Henderson. Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . Winston. Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington. Entered at the post-office at Wilmmgton, N. C, as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. APRIL, 1892. No. Contamination of River Water--courses--An Epidemic of Typhoid Fever. The excessive prevalence of fever at Lowell, and other points on the Merrimac River, has; led the municipal authorities of that city to institute an investigation into the water supply and other suspected fever causes, which has brought out some most interesting and signifi-cant revelations. The report on this subject, as made by Prof. W. T. Sedgwick, Biologist to the State Board of Health of Massachusetts, appears to be an exceptionally clear and forcible document. It was published in two of the April numbers of the Boston Medical and Sur-gical Journal. After considering the relations of the excessive typhoid rate and mortality with the milk supply, and excluding that as a proba-able source of danger, the author fixes his at-tention upon the drinking water of the city, which has for many years been chiefly drawn from the Merrimac River. The writer shows by tables that the two cities of Lowell and Lawrence, both getting water from the same river, have been grave sufferers from fever, far beyond most of the other cities of the same State. In Lowell, there were, in i88q, 85.8 deaths by typhoid fever in each 100,000 of the population, while in 1890 the rate exceeded 158 under the same census. In Lawrence the rate was higher in 1889, 124.2 per 100,000, than in Lowell ; but in 1890, it rose to a less extent than in the adjoining city, namely, to 125. 4 per 100,000. The tables also show that the cities of Man-chester and Haverhill, although having many climatic and general conditions in common with Lowell and Lawrence, and although suffering to some extent from fever, have not, in either 1889 or 1890, approached, even when at their worst state, within 38.7 per loo.ooo of the lowest datum above given in regard to the city of Lowell. These facts have led to the conclu-sion that the cause of the recent epidemic could not be discovered in any general or climatic conditions. So, too, the fact that the two cities suffering the most severely, but only in respect of typhoid fever, excluded the idea of purely local influences. But a more positive proof of the suspected infected water supply was sought for and, it is believed, obtained beyond peradven- BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BORAD OF HEALTH. ture, in the discovery of distinct typhoidal pol-lution of Stony Brook, an important affluent of the Merrimac. Prof. Sedgwick was enabled to locate the occurrence of fever cases in August, September and October, 1890, the ex-creta from which, a part of the time at least, were discharged into the stream by means of a privy so built as to overhang the water. A heliotype illustration accompanies the report, showing the grossly unsanitary privy arrange-ments belonging to a foundry at which one or more of the typhoid cases worked during the time when diarrhrea was an urgent symptom. The illustration shows a frame structure, built on a staging expressly designed to secure the dropping of all excreta from the foundry work-men directly into the running water which, a few miles below, is known to be the drinking supply of thousands of fellow-citizens. A grosser or more culpable sin against the health of a populous community could scarcely be por-trayed by any other wood cut of the same di-mensions— about one-third of a page in size. It is almost as outspoken a charge against the fidelity of the local health officials as if they had been visited with an indictment of the Grand Jury, and reminds us of some of the out-line drawings of Pridgen Teale's primer on Dangers to Health, published about twenty years ago. No sanitarian who is engaged in teaching or in lecturing upon the prevention of infectious diseases, can afford to be without a copy of this instructive picture. The point of difficulty in the proof of propositions of the reporter is seen in the finding of the polluting cases just a little anterior iri time to the outburst of the fever; and this the investigation has been apparently enabled satisfactorily to clear up by fixing the appearance of four cases of fever along the banks of Stony Brook during a period of two months before the aggravation of the epidemic within the cities that took their water supplies, in part, from that polluted stream. Of the precise conditions of the drinking water of Lowell during the epidemic, the author of the report cannot speak ; but it is a most signifi-cant fact, as he points out, that within one month after the time of infection of one of the foundry cases, an epidemic of typhoid fever in Lowell rose very rapidly, culminated, and be-gan to decline. Within that same month there was also the greatest mortality of any month during the year, namely, thirty deaths from typhoid fever. There was a typhoid mortality in Lowell during each one of the earlier months of the year, some of which mortality may be traceable to the earlier Stony Brook cases ; the later phases of an epidemic description may have their explanation in an infection of the reservoir and supply pipes of the city itself, also by secondary infection from person to per-son, which is always a feature of typhoid epi-demics. The sluggish decline after New Year's day, 1891, registered upon the diagrams of monthly mortality, is explicable by the recurrent crops of secondary infections which are inevitable to such epidemics ; and the periodic fluctuations in the weekly mortality curve were probably due to the same kind of reinforcements. In support of this view, the author calls attention to the fact that the elevations occur at intervals, equal to the incubation period of typhoid fever, namely, every two weeks—afresh crop of cases springing up every fortnight. The report concludes by saying that in the absence of any other sufficient source of con-tamination of the drinking water used by the people, the responsibility for the epidemic must naturally be ascribed to the undoubted infection of Stony Brook, three miles above Lowell; and it may be remarked that the villages bordering on that brook have never in forty years, had so many cases of fever, liable to infect the stream, as in the past two years. The fever epidemics of both Lowell and Lawrence can thus be com-pletely and satisfactorily accounted for, as well as the constant excess of their typhoid rate, from which both of these cities have long suffered. There is. says the report, good rea-son to believe that the germs of the fever have been carried alive and virulent that three miles from Stony Brook to Lowell, and nine miles further from Lowell to Lawrence ; and perhaps under favorable conditions, these germs may havebeen transported from Manchester, N. H., or even more distant points, arriving at Lowell, BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. live and virulent, so that until a new source of supply shall have been obtained, the water taken from the Merrimac River must be regard-ed as a menace to health, both constant and serious. Numerous bacteriological examina-tions were made of the Merrimac River water during the latter end of the epidemic ; but at no time was the investigator able to isolate the bacillus of typhoid fever. It would doubtless have been different had the examinations been undertaken at an earlier stage of the stream's infection. — Journal American Medical Asso-ciation. Summary of Mortuary Reports for March, 1 892. (seventeen towns.) White. Col'd. Total. Aggregate population. 49,100 40,600 89,700 Aggregate deaths . 61 69 130 Representing an annual death-rate per 1,000, 149 20.4 17.4 Deaths under 5 years old, 47 Causes of death. Malarial fever 01 i Typhoid fever 2 2 Measles 20 2 Pneumonia. 12 7 19 Consumption 7 11 18 Brain diseases 4 o 4 Heart diseases 72 9 Neurotic diseases... 13 4 Diarrhceal diseases 13 4 All other diseases 21 33 54 Accident I o i Still-born 3 9 12 61 69 130 Review of Diseases for March, 1892. Brain-fever—Was reported from Caswell. Bronchitis—From Edgecombe, Haywood, Johnston, Lincoln, Lenoir, Orange, Rowan, Sampson and Wayne—q counties. Chicken-pox—From Caswell. Cholera {hog)—From Pender, Pitt, Randolph and Sampson. Consumption—From Onslow. Diphtheria—From Nash, New Hanover, Stokes and Wake. Distemper—From Randolph. Dysentery—From Onslow. Erysipelas From Pitt. Influenza or La Grippe—From Alexander, Carteret, Catawba, Edgecombe, Greene, Jack-son, McDowell, Mitchell, Montgomery, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Rowan, Samp-son, Watauga and Yancey—17 counties. Malarial Fever—From Guilford and Ons-low. Measles—From Caldwell, Carteret, Caswell, Cleveland, Columbus, Duplin, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Greene, Henderson, Le-noir, Montgomery, Nash, New Hanover, Ons-low, Pitt, Randolph, Sampson, Stokes, Union, Wayne and Wilson—23 counties. Mufnps—From Alexander. Pneumonia—From Alexander, Cherokee, Cleveland, Durham, Edgecombe, Greene, Guilford, Haywood Lincoln, McDowell, Nash, Pitt, Rowan, Sampson, Stokes, Union, Watau-ga, and Wayne—18 counties. Roseola—From Haywood. Scarlatina—From Montgomery and Wake. Typhoid Fever—From Buike, Granville, New Hanover, Pitt and Randolph—5 counties. Tonsillitis—From Orange. Whooping-cough—From Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Franklin, Granville, Ire-dell, Nash, New Hanover, Sampson, Wayne and Wilson—12 counties. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents of Health for March, J 892. Alamance — Dr. G. W. Long, Graham. Nothing regardingprevailing diseases. Plans are now on foot for the erection of new and more modern buildings for the Home. Judge Whit-aker delivered a charge to the grand jury of our las* Court well calculated to cultivaie an enlightened public sentiment in favor of sani-tary reform. Alexander—Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville. Mumps, whooping-cough, la grippe and pneu-monia were the prevailing diseases during the past month. The sanitary condition of the BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. county has been very good. ^That of ^the pub-lic buildings is about the same as at the last report, with no efforts at improvement. Alleghany—No Board of Health. Anson—Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro. No report. Ashe—No Board of Health. Beaufort—Dr. S. T. Nicholson, Washing-ton. No report. Bertie—No Board of Health. Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabelhtown. No report. Brunswick—No Board of Health. Buncombe—Dr. H. B. Weaver, Asheville. No report. Burke—Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. There have been reported two cases of whooping-cough and one of typhoid fever. The sanitary con-dition of the county is about the same as usual. There is very little sickness in the county. The case of typhoid was imported from Tennessee. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is as good as it can be made with such build-ings. Cabarrus—No Board of Health, Caldwell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. Three cases of measles and ten of whooping-cough are all there is to report. The sanitary condi-tion of the county is unusually good, the above named diseases with a few cases oi la grippehtxng all. New sewer-pipes have been put into the jail, rendering the sanitary condition better. That of the poor-house is good. Camden—No Board of Health. Carteret—Dr. M. F. Arendell, Morehead City. Measles has prevailed moderately. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. We have had la g'-ippe generally in the county, but there have been very few fatal cases. Caswell—Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. Chicken-pox, measles, and brain fever, with children, have prevailed. The .sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buddings. Catawba— Dr. G. H. West, Newton. La grippe has prevailed in this vicinity, and there have been reported a few cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is about the same as last reported. Chatham—Dr. fl. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. No report. Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy. With the exception of a few cases of pneumo-nia the county is free from epidemic or con-tagious diseases. The public buildings are all in fair sanitary condition. The hospital and jail are under good sanitary discipline. Chowan—No Board of Health. Clay—Ho Board of Hfalth, Cleveland—Dr. O. P. Gardner, Shelby. Measles, la grippe and pneumonia have pre-vailed in all portions of the county. The sani-tary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. Columbus—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. A few cases of measles have been reported. Out-side of catarrhal troubles there has been very little sickness in the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Craven—Dr. L. Duffy, New Berne. No report. Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Mar.-h, Fayette-ville. The sanitary condition of the county is good; that of the public buildings is tolerably good. Some improvements are being made at the poor-house. Currituck—No Board of Health. Dai-e—No Board of Health. Davidson—Dr. R. L, Payne, Jr.. Lexing-ton. No report. Davie—No Board of Health. Duplin—Dr. J. W. Blount, Kenansville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There is an epidemic of measles that is spread over nearly the entire county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is fairly good. Durham—Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham. The healthfulness of the county for the month of March has been as good as usual, though we have had some pneumonia, etc., resulting from colds. Sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tarboro. Measles has prevailed in all parts of the county. Since October, influenza has prevailed in all parts with its dangerous sequelae—pneumonia and bronchitis. These latter have told very BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 5 heavily on the aged and infirm; the death-rate has been in consequence very high. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is very good. Forsyth—Dr. D. N. Dallon, Winston. No report. Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg. Measles and whooping-cough have been and still are prevailing very extensively in all parts of the county. With these exceptions, the health of the county is very good. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good. Gaston—Dr J. H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates—No Board of Health Graham—No Board of Health. Granville — Dr. Patrick Booth, Oxford. There have been reported ten cases of measles, four of whooping-cough, and two of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is good; that of the public buildings is fair. The court-house will soon be completed and greatly improved. Greene—Dr. E. H Sugg, Snow Hil!. La grippe has prevailed and several cases of pneu-monia and measles have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good : also that of the public buildings. Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro. The health of the town and county has been remarkably good—very little sickness indeed. Some cases of malaria and occasionally of pneumonia The sanitary condition of the public buildings is quite good, excepting the jail. There has been talk of building a new jail, but no change has yet been made. Halifax—No Board of Health. Harnett—No Board of Health. Haywood—Dr. J. H. Way, W'aynesville. Roseola has been quite prevalent—very mild and no complications; pneumonia of mild type, and bronchitis of moderate severity have pre-vailed. The sanitary condition of Waynes-ville is good, and usually so; in the rural dis-tricts it is a harder matter and the people are slower to learn the value of sanitary measures. The poor-house is situated in a remote section of the cmnty. It ought to be nearer the county seat, where the inmates could be more conveniently seen and where they could be shown (as I think they would) more attention from the charitably inclined. We are trying to create a public sentiment in favor of a change. The County Commissioners, as you know, move slowly in these matters. Henderson—Dr. J. L. Egerton, Henderson-ville. There have been two cases of measles reported. The sanitary condition of the county has been good. Hertford—No Board of Health. Hyde—No Board of Health. Iredell— Dr. M. W. Hill, Statesville. Whooping-cough has prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is remarkably good, as far as I have heard; that of the public build-ings is good, all things considered. The con-struction of the jail is very faulty, considered from a sanitary standpoint. Jackson—Dr. J. M. Candler, Dillsboro. La grippe has subsided, and the sanitary condition of the county is good; that of the public build-ings is also good. Johnston — Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smiihfield. Bronchial troubles have prevailed. The sani-tary condition of the county is good; that of the public buildings also is good. Jones—No Board of Health. Lenoir— Dr. C. B. Woodley, Kinston. Measles and bronchitis have prevailed in most parts of the county. Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Crouse, Lincolnton. Pneumonia and bronchial troubles have pre-vailed in all parts of the county. The health of the county is better than for any lime in the past six months. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good Macon—Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The sanitary condition of the county is very good; general cleanliness around dwellings is mani. festing good results. Diseases arising from the lack of such measures are disappearing, and general good health pievails. The sanitary condition of the poor-house i- good. Madison—No Board of Health. Martin—Dr. \V. H. Hairell, Williamston. No report. McDowell— Dr. J. H. Giikey, Marion. La grippe and pneumonia have prevailed in BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNA BOARD OF HEALTH. some parts. Other than this there 'has been but little sickness. The jail is in a fair sani-tary condition, and the Home as good as the nature of the buildings will admit of. Mecklenburg—No Board of Health. Mitchell— V)x. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. A considerable number of la grippe cases have been reported, but as yet only one death from the much dreaded disease. The sanitary con-dition of the county is good. The sanitary condition is fair at the jail; there has been some improvement in the alms-house. The first death in the alms-house for eight years occurred last month from paralysis. Montgomery—Y)x. F. E. Asbury, Asbury. Influenza has prevailed in all parts of the county. There have been reported eighteen cases of measles and seven of scarlatina. The sanitary condition of the county is better than for some time. The sanitary condition of the public buildings reflects credit on the keepers of poor-house and jail. Moore— \ix. G. McLeod, Carthage. No report. ]\Jash—Dr. J. J. Mann, Nashville. Measles, whooping-cough and pneumonia have prevailed to a great extent. There has been reported a case of diphtheria. The sanitary condition of the county is very good; also that of the public buildings. New Hanover—Dr . F. W. Potter, Wilming-ton. There have been reported nineteen cases of measles, forty-two of whooping-cough, six of diphtheria, and two of typhoid fever. Influ-enza has prevailed in many portions of the county. There has been an epidemic of ca-tarrhal trouble in horses. The sanitary condi-tion of the county is good. I have been urging the necessity of thorough drainage as well as thorough sanitary policing of the city. Our health officers complain that it is with consider-able trouble they can get the scavengers to do their work properly. I have recommended the <:ity to select a responsible person to be placed in charge of the whole matter. The jail is in fair condition, except that the cemented floor is breaking up. This will soon be reme'died. The poor-house is in good condition, except dampness in the basement, which is to be rem-edied soon. NinthatHpton—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jackson. No report. Onslow—Dr. E. L. Cox, Jacksonville. Seven cases of measles have been reported. There have occurred some cases of acute consumption, dysentery, la grippe, and a good many cases of remittent fever. The sanitary condition of the public buifdings is fair. Orange—Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. Bron-chitis and tonsillitis have prevailed in all parts of the county In point of health, the sanitary condition of the county is not so good. Ton-sillitis has been severe in character (suppura-tive); o'her diseases have been mild. A few cases of rheumatism have occurred. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings, except the jail, fairly good; condition of the Home recently improved in the way of repairs on the building. Pamlico—No Board of Health. Pasquotank—No Board of Health. Pender— Dr, S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. There has been an epidemic of cholera among hogs. The sanitary condition of the county improves in proportion as our people improve in sanitary knowledge. Influenza still con-tinues in all parts of the county. I am using every effort to secure better drainage all over the county as an important factor of health. Especially am I seeking better drainage and improved hygiene for our public buildings. Our authorities are hard to move in this line. Perquimans—No Board of Health. Person—No Board of Health. Pitt—Dr. B T. Cox, Redallia. Measles and influenza have prevailed in all parts of the county. There have been a few cases of cholera among hogs. There was less sickness during March than in several months. A few cases of typhoid fever in the section of Farmville. An occasional case of pneumonia occurs and one case of erysipelas reported. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is good. Polk—No Board of. Health. Randolph — Dr. J. M. Boyette, Ashboro. Three cases of measles and four of typhoid fever have been reported. Hog cholera and distemper in horses have prevailed. The re-ports of this month slrow a better sanitary con-dition of the county. The sanitary condition BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. of the public buildings is somewhat improved since my last report. Richinond—Dr. J. M. Covington, Rocking-ham. No report. Robeson—Dr. F. Lewis, Lumberton. There has been scarcely any .sickness in the county, and the sanitary condition is good. The court-house and jail are in good sanitary condition. The county Home is in a dilapidated condition five miles from the county seat. Removal to a nearer point is suggested, Rockingham—No Board of Health. Rowan—Dr. J. J. Summerell, Salisbury. There have been no epidemic diseases reported, either among the people or domestic animals. The general health is good. La grippe still lingers in a mitigated form in some neighbor-hoods. Cases of pneumonia and bronchitis have been reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Rutherford— Dr. W. A. Thompson, Cliff-dale. The health of the county is much im-proved since the last report. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings, considering the faulty construction. Satnpson—Dr. J. A. S evens, Clinton. In-fluenza, pneumonia, bronchitis, and a few cases of whooping cough and measles have been re-ported. There has been an epidemic of cholera among hogs The coridition of the jail re-mains unchanged—its condition is unsanitary^ Our poor-house is in excellent sanitary condi-tion and well kept, Stanly—No Board of Health. Stokes—Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported three cases of measles, two of diphtheria, and twenty-five of pneumonia. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Surry—No Board of Health. Siaain—No Board of Health. Transylvania—No Board of Health. Tyrtell^-Dx. .\b. Alexander, Columbia. No report. Union — Dr. W. C. Ramsay, Monroe. Measles, pneumonia, and catarrhal diseases have prevailed in several parts of the county. We have had but little sickness in this county for the past month—measles in some portions, but not general; pneumonia in one or two sec-tions; catarrhal diseases general, but mild. Sanitary condition of the poor-house good; of the jail bad. The county is preparing to erect a first-class jail. Vance—Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson. The general health of the county is good, so far as I can learn. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Wake—Dr. James McKee, Raleigh. One case each of scarlatina and diphtheria reported. The sanitary condition of the county is very good; that of the public buildings is good; they are frequently inspected by the city sanitary inspector. Warren—Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenton. No report. Washington—No Board of Health. Watauga—Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. Influenza has prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is perfectly good in all respects. Both jail and poor-house are in good condition. Influenza has prevailed generally, but of a mild type; very few deaths have occurred—a few old per-sons have died from pneumonia. Wayne—Dr. John Spicer, Goldsboro. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Measles is still prevailing, but not so exteti-sively as before. Some pneumonia and bron-chial troubles, also some whooping-cough re-ported. Sanitary condition of the public build-ngs is good. Wilkes—^o Board of Health. Wilson — Dr. Albert Anderson, Wilson. Measles has prevailed in all parts of the county, and there have been a few cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. Yadkin—Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville. No report. Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. La grippe has prevailed in many portions of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is tolerably good; that of the public buildings is not very good, and there are no efforts being made to improve them. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA HOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for Marcfi, 1892.—Continued. 10 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for March, 1S92.—Co7itinued. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA UOARD OF HEALTH. I I Mortuary Report for March, 1892. Towns and 12 KULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. ^leteorolosrical Summary for Kortli Carolina, march, 1892. Furnished by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Hervice. H. B. Battle, Ph, D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist. STATIONS. Asheville Bakersville Charlotte Chapel Hill Douglas Highlands Henderson vi lie... Kitty Hawk Littleton Linville Lenoir , Morganton Mount Airy Oak Ridge Pitisboro Raleigh Southport Southern Pines Salisbury Weldon Willeytou Wilmington.. .., TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr). 43 2 40.1 47.5 45.4 44.6 38.1 44.1 44.5 44.4 41.9 45.2 46.9 43.6 44.7 43.8 46.6 48.8 47.4 48.1 45.4 44.3 50.1 53 6 51.0 56.4 56.3 56.8 50.2 50.8 51.0 55.6 51.6 51.9 55.3 53.1 51.7 51.6 55.7 55.2 61.4 55.1 54.5 55.6 58.4 32.9 29.2 38.7 34.6 32.8 26.0 37.4 38.1 33.1 32.2 37.8 40.3 34.1 31.8 36.1 37.5 42.5 33.5 41.1 36.3 33.0 41.8 a> 20.7 21.8 17.7 21.7 24.0 24.2 13.4 12.9 22.5 19.4 14.1 15.0 19.0 19.9 15.5 18.2 12.7 27.9 14.0 18.2 22.6 16.6 66.9 76.7 73.6 No. OF Days 73.8 3.07 1.31 4.05 2.74 2.27 6.90 3.65 2.88 3.23 2.01 2.90 3.45 1.86 3.10 2.40 3.29 3.72 3.35 3.31 2 70 2.35 2.69 10 9 12 S. & S. E. W. 11 E. S.W. N.W. N.W. S.W. N.W. 6 BU LLETIN NORTH Carolina"' BOARD of health. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, 14 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Summary of Mortuary Reports for April. 1892. (nineteen towns.) White. CoVd. Total. Aggregate. population. 53,100 43,500 96,600 Aggregate deaths 53 QO 143 Representing an annual death-rate per 1,000, I1.9 248 17.7 Deaths under 5 years old. 58 Causes of death. Typhoid fever ... — 2 o 2 Scarlet fever I o i Malarial fever 12 3 Whooping-cough 2 o 2 Measles o i i Pneumonia. 6 17 23 Consumption - 2 15 17 Brain diseases 3 4 7 Heart diseases . . 2 4 6 Neurotic diseases . .. 22 4 Diarrhoeal diseases 41 5 All other diseases 25 34 59 Accident --- i i 2 Still-born 2 9 11 53 90 143 Review of Diseases for April, 1892. Bronchitis— Reported from Caswell, Edge-combe, Franklin, Lenoir, McDowell. Samp-son and Wilson—7 counties Chicken-pox— From Randolph. Diarrhaa — From Alexander and Sampson. Diphtheria — From McDowell, Monigomeiy and Newr Hanover. Distemper— From Randolph. Dysentery— From Alamance, Lenoir, Nash, Richmond and Sampson—5 couniies. Erysipelas— From Haywood. Glanders— From Wake. Ho^ Cholera — From Duplin, Johnston, Montgomery, Randolph and Sampson — 5 counties. Influenza — From Montgomery, Pender and Sampson. Malarial Fever— From Caswell, Sampson and Wilson. Measles— From Alamance, Burke, Caldwell, Chatham, Cleveland, Columbus, Edgecombe. Franklin, Granville, Greene, Johnston, Lenoir, Martin, Montgomery, Nash, New Hanover, Orange, Randolph, Richmond, Sampson, Wayne and Wilson—22 counties. Mumps— From Davidson. Pneuttionia — From Cherokee, Edgecombe, Franklin, Henderson, Iredell, McDowell, Orange, Sampson and Wilson—^9 counties. Rheumatism — From Caswell, Chc-rnkee and Orange. Roseola — From Alamance. Rotheln — From Davidson and New Han-over. Scarlatina — From Montgomery. Tonsillitis — From Orange. Typhoid Fever— From Catawba, Granville, Henderson, Macon, Mitchell, New Hanover and Randolph—7 counties. Whooping-cough — From Alamance, Alex-ander, Burke, Caldwell, Carteret, Cumberland, Davidson, Granville, Greene, Mitchell, Mont-gomery, Nash. New Hanover, Sampson, Stokes and Wayne—16 counties. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents of Health for March, 1892. Alaviance— Dr. G W. Long, Graham. There is not a great deal of sickness in the county except measles, pertussis and roseola, which have prevailed in an uncomplicated form and to a limited extent. The new Home for the Aged is under way. Alexander— Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville. Whooping-cough an4 intestinal troubles have been the prevailing diseases dunng the past month. The sanitary condition of the county is remarkably good. That of the public build-ings is about the same as at the last report, with no efforts at improvement. Ashe— No Board of Health. Alleghany — No Board of Health. Anson — Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro No report. Beaufort— Dr. S. T. Nicholson. Washing-ton. No report. Bertie— No Board of Health. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 15 Bladen — Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown. No report. Brunswick — No Board of Health. Buncombe— Dr. C. E. Hilliard, Asheville, No diseases of special moment have prevailed in the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public buildings is very good. Burke— Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. A few cases of measles and whooping-cough have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good, with very little sickness of any kind. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is about the same as at last report. Cabarrus— No Board of Health. Caldwell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. Measles and whooping-cough of mild form have pre-vailed to a limited extent. The sanitary con-dition of the county is as good as could be desired. The new sewer pipes have been placed in the jail and its condition is much improved. That of the poor-house is good. Camden — No Board of Health. Carteret— Dr. M. F. Arendell, Morehead City. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The public buildings are old, but com-fortable and clean. Caswell— Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. Rheumatism, bronchitis and remittent fever have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public buildings is very good. Cataivba — Dr. G. H. West, NeAfton. Whooping-cough has prevailed in Newton and the vicinity. Four cases of typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county, as far as I can learn, is good. Chatham — V)x. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. The general health of the people is splendid. A few cases of measles have been reported. The sanitary condition of the pub-lic buildings is good. We have one insane patient at the Home, but application has been made for his admission to the State Hospital. Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy. There have been four or five cases of rheuma-tism and about as many of pneumonia reported. There have been no other complaints during the month. The hospital and jail are in fair condition. Our town is neat and clean, and the adjacent country has been improved by some needed draining of old stagnant ponds. Chozvan — No Board of Health. Clay— No Board of Health. Cleveland— T)x. O. P. Gardner, Shelby. Eight cases of measles have been reported. Other than this there have been no diseases of any importance. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Also tlwt of the public build-ings. Columbus — Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. There have been reported only a few cases of measles. The sanitary condition of the county and the public buildings is good. Craven — Dr. Leinster Duffy, New Bern. No report. Cumberland— Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-vilie. Whooping-cough has prevailed in many portions. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public buildings js also good ; some improvements have been made at the poor-house during the month. Currituck — No Board of Health. Da7e— No Board of Health. Davidson — Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., Lexing-ton. Whooping-cough, rotheln and mumps have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. The same can be said of the public buildings. Davie— No Board of Health. Duplin — Dr. J. W. Blount, Kenansville. The health of the county is very good, there being but little sickness of any kind. Hear of some cases of hog cholera. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is moderately good. Durham — Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham. The sanitary condition of the county has been very good. That of the public buildings is also good. Edgecombe — Dr. D. Williams, Tarboro. Measles has prevailed in all parts of the county, and often complicated with bronchitis and pneumonia. The death rate has been large. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Franklin — Dr. E, S. Foster, Louisburg. i6 BULLETIxV OF THE NORTH CAROLIXA BORAD OF H EALTH. There is no sickness in the county with the exception of measles, which is sometimes com-plicated with bronchitis and pneumonia. The health of our county, so far as I can learn, was never better. Forsyth— T>r. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No report. Gaston — Dr. J- H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates — No Board of Health. Graham — No Board of Health. Granville— V>t. Patrick Booth, Oxford. A few cases each of measles and whooping-cough and two of typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is fair, and improfing with enlightenment on the sub-ject of sanitary matters. That of the public buildings is unchanged. Greene— T>x. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. Measles and whooping-cough have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is, as usual.'good. That of the public buildings is also good. Guilfoid— Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro. No repo' t. Halifax— No report from the Superinten-dent of Health. Hainett— No Board of Health. Haywood— Dr. J H. Way, Waynesville. A few sporadic cases of erysipelas and catarrhal diseases of mild form have prevailed. The sanitaiy condition of the county is fairly gosd. That of the public buildings, as usual, is not good. Henderson — Dr. J. L. Egerton, Henderson-ville. There have been reported several cases of pneumonia and one of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Hertford— No Board of Heahh. Hyde—Yso Board of Health. Jndell—V)x. M. W. Hill, Stalesville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. Have heard of one case of pneumonia only. There has been no serious or general sickness over the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is about as u-ual, and there are no efforts at improvement. 1 he jail can-not be made what it should be under its present faulty constriction. Punishment by imprison-ment injures physically, but does not intimidate or reform. There is more power in the oli time whipping-post to deter evil-doers than in both county and S'.ate prisons, and it costs much less. fackson — Dr. J. M. Candler, Dillsboro. The sanitary condition of the county is very good ; also that of the public buildings. Johnston — Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smithfield. Pulmonary troubles have prevailed. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera. Twenty cases of njeasles leported The sanitary con-dition of the county is good. There has been less sickness during April than in any month of the past four. The s-anitary condition of the public buildings is good. Jones— No Board of Health. Lenoir — Dr. C 15 Woodley, Kinston. Measles has prevailed in nearly all portions of the county. Dysentery, influenza, bronchitis and hepatic congestion wih slight fevers have been reported. The ja'l is in good sanitary condition. There is no pDor-house in the county. Lincoln — Dr. W. L. Grouse, Lincolnton. No report. Macon — Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. Two cases of diphtheria and three of typhoid fever have been reported. The saniiary condition of the county is good ; also that of the public buildings. Madison — No Boaid of Health. Martin — Dr. W. H. Harrell, Williamston. Measles has prevailed in several portions of the county. The general health of the county is remarkably good. Very little sickness of any • kind. The sanitary condition of the public buildmgs is very good. They have lately been white-washed and the grounds limed. McDowell— Dt. J. H. Gilkey, Maiion. Pneumonia and bronchitis have prevailed pretty extensively, but we have had little other sickness. Sanitary condition rf the county is good, as is also that of the public buildings, as far as their construciion will admit of. We hope soon to get the Gomm;s>ioners to erect ntw buildings at the Home. Mecklenburg — No Board of Health. Mitchell— Dr. G. E. Smith, Bakersville. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 17 Fifteen cases of whooping-cough and one of typhoid fever have been reported. Pertussis is spreading rapidly on Cane Creek, and is of a violent form. Other than this the sani-tary condition of the county is good. That of the pubh'c buildings is fair. Montgomery— Dr. F. E. Asbury, Asbury. I have to report fifteen cases of measles, three of diphtheria, eight of whooping-cough, ten of scarlatina and influenza. Hog cholera has been epidemic. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Moore— Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carihage. No report. yash— Dr. J. J- Mann, Nashville. Measle=, whooping-cough and dysentery are prevailing in most parts of the county. The sanitaiy condi-tion of the county has been good. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good. We are trying to have a new building erected at the poor-house. New H.inover— Dr. F. W. Potter, Wil-mington. The increased number of deaths from heart disease and pneumonia are con-sidered due to la grippe. I urged the thorough cleansing of streets, lots, etc. There have been reported four cases of rotheln, twenty-four of measles, thirty of whooping cough, one of diphtheria and one of typhoid fever. As far as we can learn the sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. Since the subsidence of la grippe the distemper among horses and hogs has almost entirely ceased. Owing to the greater use of tbe jail during the last term of the Court its condition is not so good. The sanitary condition of the other public buildings Northampton — Dr. H. W, Lewis, Jackson. No report. Onslow — No Board of Health. Oravge—Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. There have been reported a few cases of measles. Catarrhal diseases have prevailed in all parts of tlie county. The sanitary condition of the county is better for this month than for any during the year. Rheumatism, pneumonia, tonsillitis, etc., have prevailed in a mild form. The sanitary condiion of the Home is good, but that of the jail is not so good. Pamlico — No Board of Health. Pasquotank — No Board of Health, Pender— Dr. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. It has been generally healthy in this county dur-ing April. Mild catarrhal affections have pre-vailed to a limited extent, and some few cases of la grippe. Our public buildings are in fair sanitary condition. Perquimans — No Board of Health. Person— No Board of Health. Pitt—Vix. B. T. Cox, Redallia. No report. Polk — Yio Board of Health. Randolph — Dr. J. M. Boyette, Ashboro. One case of measles and one of typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good, according to reports just received. Cholera among hogs and chickens, and distemper among horses has prevailed to a considerable extent the past month. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is satis-factory. I think bed-bugs at the Home are things of the past. The bedding is clean and the inmates well fed and cared for. Richmond— Dr. J. M. Stancill, Rocking-ham. There has been very little sickness, ex-cept measles of mild form and a few cases of dysentery. The sanitary condition of the pub-lic buildings is good except the poor-house, which needs improvement—new buildings and different arrangements for confining incurable lunatics. Robeson — Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton. Little sickness has prevailed in any part of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good, as also that of the public buildings. Rockingham — No Board of Health. Rowan— Dr. J. J. Summerell, SaHsbury. The sanitary condition of the town and county is good. There has been no sickness. The jail could be improved, but thepe has been no effort in that direction yet. Rutherford— Dr. W. Thompson, Cliffdale. No report. Sampson — Dr. J. A. Stevens, Clinton. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. Daring the past month the following diseases have occurred : Influenza, measles, whooping-cough, bronchitis, pneumonia, diar- BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. rhoea, dysentery, and a few cases of malarial fever. The jail was condemned by the grand jury this week, and a new one asked for. The poor-house is in excellent sanitary condition. Stanly— Dr. Boyles, New London. No report. Stokes— Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. There have been reported fourteen cases of whooping-cough^ The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public buildings is also good. Surry — No Board of Health. Swain — No Board of Health. Transylvania — No Board of Health. Tyrtell— Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia. No report. Union — Dr. W. C. Ramsay, Monroe. No report . Vance— Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson. No remarks on prevailing diseases or the sanitary condition of the county. The sanitary condi-tion of the public buildings is good. Wake— Dr. James McKee, Raleigh. No epidemic of any kind has prevailed in the city or county. There have occurred two cases of glanders in horses, the animals being promptly destroyed and buried deep under the soil. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of all the public buildings is remarkably good. Warren — Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenlon. No report. Washington — No Board of Health. Watauga — Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. No report. Wayne — Dr, John Spicer, Goldsboro. A few cases of measles and whooping-cough have occurred. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Bowel troubles seem to be giving rise to more trouble than any other class of diseases. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Wilkes— ^o Board of Health. Wilson — Dr. Albert Anderson, Wilson. Measles prevail in the county. Pneumonia, bronchitis and malarial fevers are reported from different parts of the county. Yadkin — Dr. T. R. Haiding, Yadkinville. No report. Yancey — Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. No diseases of importance have prevailed. The sanitary condjtion of the county is very good, better than usual. Poor-house well kept ; jail only moderately so. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 19 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties 20 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH C.VROLLX.V BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 21 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Mortuary Report for April, 1892. Towns and Reporters. Races. Popula-tion. Durham "I | White. Dr. X. M. Johnson. J Colored. Fayetteville I White. Dr. J. H. Marsh. )' Colored. Goldsboro I |White. The Mayor. f Colored. Washington ) White. City Clerk. J Colored. Asheville "I White. Dr. C. E. Milliard. J Colored. Oxford ) White. Dr. P. Booth. ) Colored. Raleigh ) 'White. Dr. jas. McKee. f Colored. Salisbury \ White. Dr. J. J. Summerell J Colored. Tarboro ) White. Dr. D. Williams. J Colored. Scotland Neck > White. The Mayor. 5 Colored. Wilmington > White. Dr. F. W. Potter. 5 Colored. Monroe ^ \ White. Dr.W.D.Pembertonj i Colored. Statesville I I White. Dr. M. W. Hill. ( [Colored. Wilson I White. Dr. A. Anderson. )' Colored. Rocky Mount ( White. City Clerk. )' Colored. Weldon I White. The Mayor. f Colored. Southport \ White. Dr. D. 1. Watson. J Colored. Hillsboro \ White. Dr. D. C. Parris. J Colored. Henderson \ White. Dr. A. Cheatham. J Colored. 8,000 5,000 5,000 3,600 Repre-senting Annual, Death Rate PEE 1,000. 4,.500 3,500 2,800 2,200 2,800 2,20'J 2,000 1,600 I 3:^10,.500 S; 3,300 f;000 1.5,000 2,a50i 1,650. 4,500 IS 2,370 7WJ1'500 11^21,000 1,200 800 2,000 500 2,000 1,500 800 400 685 750 400 600 600 400 2,256 2,000 2,00J 2,500 3,500 1,200 1,435 1,000 1,000 4,256 10.6 17.1 4.3 21.8 4.3 10.9 6.0 30.0 14.4 32.0 21.2 30.0 9.0 15.4 0.0 29.1 43.1 30.0 0.0 20.0 28.0 20.0 45.0 6.0 0.0 6.0 24.0 15.0 0.0 17.5 0.0 90.0 20.0 0.0 30.0 5.3 60.0 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOAR!) OF HEALTH. 23 Meteorological Summary for North Carolina, April, 1892- Famished by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Service. H. B. Battle, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist. STATIONS. Asheville Bakeisville Charlotte Chapel Hill Douglas Rock House Farm. Henderson vi lie Kitty Hawk Littleton Linville Lenoir Morganton Mount Airy Oak Ridge Pitisboro Raleigh Southport southern Pines ... Salisbury Weldon Willeyton.. Wilmington TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr). 51.2 51.6 56.6 57.0 54.9 52.4 51.7 55.5 54.3 47.1 54.1 .55.8 53.2 54.8 55.0 57.2 57.8 58.6 58.5 56.0 55.5 60.2 65.2 64.-3 65.5 68.6 69.5 60.8 61.8 62.4 67.0 56.7 60.6 62.8 63.3 65.1 63.2 67.0 63.8 72.5 66.2 66.4 67.8 68.2 13.3 38.9 47.9 45.4 40.1 44.0 48.7 48.8 41.3 37.5 46.6 48.8 43.0 44.0 46 9 47.3 51.9 41.15 50.8 45.7 13.2 52.2 21.9 25.4 17.0 23.2 29.1 16.8 13.1 13.(5 2).7 19.2 14 14.0 20.3 21.1 16.3 19.7 11.9 27.9 15.1 20.7 24.6 16.0 65.2 74.4 74.9 71.6 68.7 73.8 6.01 4.90 3.50 3.15 2.52 7.26 6.85 1.94 300 3.75 3.10 4.05 2.65 3.08 2.70 5.57 0.80 3.62 4.01 4 3"! 5.00 1.13 No. OF Days S.W. W. S.W. S.W. S. E. w. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. s. 11 10 8 11 Is. w. STATE METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR APRIL, KS92. Mean Barometer 30.13 inches; normal for April, 30.02. Highest Barometer 30.19 inches, on the 27th, at Lynchburg, Va. Lowest Barometer 29.56 inclies, on the 14th, at Norfolk, Va. Mean temperature 56.3 degrees; normal for April, .'57.7 degrees. Highest temperature 89, on the 5th, at Marion. Lowest temperature 22, on the 11th, at Bakersville Average rain-fall, 4 03 inclies; normal for April, 3.81. Greatest monthly rain-fall, 9.3S inches, at Mnrphy. Least monthly rain-fall, 0.80 inches, at Southport. Average number of cloudless daj s, 10. Average number ol partly cloudy days, 9. Average number of cloudy days, 11. Average number ol rainy day>, 11. Prevailing wind direction, south-west; average hourly velocity, 9fi miles Prevailing direction from many years' ob.servations, south-west. Average velocity, 9 6 miles per hour. BULLETIN NORTH CAROLIM^BOARD OF HEA Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M. D., /"r^J.,. Salem. R. H. Lewis, M. D., Raleigh. W. H. Harrell ..Williamston. J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. .Asheville. J. H. Tucker, M. D., Henderson. Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . Winston. Thomas F. Wood, M. D.', Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington. Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. JUNE, 1892. No. 3. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents of Health for May, 1892. Alamance—Dr. George W. Long, Graham. Measles, whooping-cough and intestinal trou-bles have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is as good as usual. A new Home for the Aged and Infirm is about to be constructed. Alexander—Dr. J. B. W'atts, Taylorsville. Bowel troubles have been very prevalent, with a few ca.'^es of measles and whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the county has been very good during the past month. That of the public buildings is about as at the last report, but think there will be a new building erected for the benefit of the paupers of tiie county at an early date. Alleghany—No Board of Health. Ansojt—Dr. E. F. A^he, Wadesboro. No report. Ashe—No Board of Health. Beaufort—Dr. S. T. Nicholson, Washing-ton. No report. Bertie—No Board of Health. Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown. No report. Brunswick—No Board of Health. Buncombe—Dr. C. E. Hilliard, Asheville. No report. Burke—Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. The sanitary condition of the county is good, with comparatively little sickness. A few cases of dysentery and whooping-cough have been re-ported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is the same as at last report, with no efforts at improvement nor any likely to be soon. Cabarrus—No Board of Health. Caldivell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. The sanitary condition of the county is good, with a few mild cases of cholera-morbus, dysentery and diarrhoea. There have also been reported two cases of measles and one of scarlatina. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is fairly good. Catnden—No Board of Health Carteret—Dr. ^f. F. Arendell, Beaufort. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Our pub ic buildings are old, but safe and com-fortable. Caszt'ell—Dr R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. Remittent fever and dysentery have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. 26 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNA BORAD OF HEALTH. Catawba—Dr. G. H.'West, Newton. Dysen-tery ' as prevailed in portions of the county. There have been reported three cases of whooping-cough and two of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is about as usual. The Board of Magistrates and Com-missioners in conjoint session authorized the County Commissioners to put the jail in good condition. Also to make needed improvements at the county poor-house as regards repairing and putting up new buildings. Chatham—T)r. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. The health of the county during the early part of the month was excellent. During the latter part there have been a number of cases of dys-entery. The public buildings are in good con-dition. Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy. There are a few cases of dysentery here, but no other sickness to my knowledge. The jail and hospital are in splendid condition. Chowan—No Board of Health. Clay—'iio Board of Health. Cleveland—Dt. O. P. Gardner. Shelby. The sanitary Condition of the county is good, as also that of the public buildings. Columbus—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Diar-rhoea of a mild type has prevailed. I hear of one case of pertussis and a few of intermittent fever. The sanitary condition of tTie public buildings is good. Craven—Dr. L. Duffy, Newberne. No report. Cumberland—T>v. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-ville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The town is in better condition than it has been for several years. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is good. Currituck— "^o Board of Health. Dare—No Board of Health. Davidson—Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., Lexing-ton. Mumps, rotheln and whooping-cough have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Also that of the public build-ings. Davie—No Board of Health. Duplin—Dr. J. W. Blount, KenansviUe. No report. Diirhani—Dr. N. M. Johnson. Durham. The healthfulness of the county is as good as usual at this season of the year, being the sea-son for dysentery and other bowel troubles. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good Edgecombe — Dr. D Williams, Tarboro. Whooping-cough has prevailed in some parts of the county. Measles has about disappeare 1 from the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good Forsyth— Dr. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No report. Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg. Measles prevails in most parts of the county. With this exception, and a few cases of dysen-tery, there is less sickness in the county than I have ever known. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good. Gaston—Dr. J. H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates—No Board of Health. Graham—No Board of Health Granville— Dr. P. Booth, Oxford. Measles, dysentery and diarrhoea have prevailed in nearly all portions of the county. The sani-tary condition of the county is fairly good. That of the public buildings is unchanged since the last report, except that the jail has been cleaned and disinfected, and a liberal use of whitewash at the poor-house grounds. Greene— Dr. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. Dys-entery has prevailed in the county, and there have been reported a few cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the county is good. That of the public building is also good. Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greensboro. No report. Halifax—No report from the Superintend-ent of Health. Harnett—No Board of Health. Haywood—Dr. J. H. Way, Waynesville. No report. Henderson—Dr. J. L. Egerton, Henderson-ville. There have been reported two cases of BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 27 measles and one of typhoid fever. Several cases of diarrhcea and a few sporadic cases of dysentery have been reported. The sanitary condiiion of the county and the public build-ing is good. Hertford—^Q Board of Health. Hyde—No Board of Health. Iredell—T>r. M.W.Hill, Statesville. Whoop-ing- cough and typhoid fever have occurred. The sanitary condition of the county is very good, there having been but very little general sickness over the county. The typhoid fever is in one family and the whooping-cough over the county. The sanitary condition of the public building is about as it has been reported heretofore. There is no effort at improve-ment, nor likely to be soon, judging from the report of the Grand Jury. Jackson—Dr. J. M. Candler, Hillsboro. There has been reported one case of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county was never better. We have three small towns in the county, and as Superintendent of Health, I am looking after their sanitary condition. That of the public building is good. Johnston—Dr. L. L. Sasser. Smithfield. Diarrhcea and dysentery have been the pre-vailing diseases during the month. There have been a few cases of measles reported. Hog cholera has occurred. Jones—No Board of Health. Lenoir— Dr. C. B. Woodley, Kinston. Measles has prevailed in all parts of the county. There have occurred some dysentery, bron-chitis and malarial fever. Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Crouse, Lincolnton. There have been reported two cases of whoop-ing- cough and one of diphtheria. Dysentery has prevailed in all parts of the county. There is the usual amount of bowel troubles but few fatal cases. Both jail and poor-house are well kept. Are kept clean and whitewashed regu-larly. There are no efforts at further improve-ments. Macon—T>r. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There h as been one case of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is also good. Madison—No Board- of Health. Martin—T>x. W. H. Harrell, Williamston. Measles and enteric troubles have prevailed in all sections. With these exceptions and that of four cases of typhoid fever reported, the health of the county has been good. There have been some mild cases of malarial fever. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good. McDowell—Dr. J. H. Gilkey, Marion. Pneumonia, diarrhcea and dysentery have pre-vailed in some parts of the county. With these exceptions, the health and sanitary condition of the county have been good. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is as good as their character will admit of. I shall urge the Board of Commissioners and Magistrates at their con-joint meeting to buy a new site and erect better buildings for the care of the poor. Mecklenburg-—No Board of Health. Mitchell— T)r. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. Pertussis has prevailed in this and Cane Creek sections. The sanitary condition of the county is exceptionally good. Still hear now and then of a case of la grippe of mild type, and as yet no deaths. Pertussis is still spreading, but no deaths reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Montgomery—Dr. F. E. Asbur}', Asbury. There have been reported eight cases of whoop-ing- cough and ten of scarlatina. The sanitary condition of the county is good, better than it has been for some time. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is good, but that of the jail is in a poor condition. No efforts at present for improvement. Moore—Dr. G. McLeod, Carthage. No report. A'ash—Dr. J. J. Mann, Nashville. No report. New Hanover—Dr. F, W. Potter, Wilming-ton. Measles and whooping-cough have pre-vailed in nearly all portions of the county, and there have been reported six cases of typhoid fever, and one each of scarlatina and hemorrha-gic malarial fever. The sanitary condition of most of the county is good. Quite a large num-ber of white families have recently moved into the city, consequently we have had a large num-ber of cases of measles and whooping-cough, as 28 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. few of their children had said diseases prior to their sojourn here. Diarrhoeal diseases have been quite prevalent. The sanitary condition of the jail and house of correction is good, and that of the poor-house is fair. Northampton— \:ix. H. \V. Lewis, Jackson, The health of tLe county has been good for the month of May. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. There has been a mild epidemic of dysentery, but no fatal cases as yet reported. The sanitary condition of the jail and poor-house is good. The jail is a recent improvement, and cost $10,000; it is a sanitary structure, and a credit to our county. It is filled with patent water-closets and soil-pipes, properly ventilated, steel cells, separate apart-ments for males and females, etc. Onslozv—No Board of Health. Of(i„ge—X)x. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. There have been a few cases of measles reported. Diarrhoeal diseases have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. There has been reported some pneumonia, mild and amenable. The san-itary condition of the public buildings is good, save that of the county jail, which lacks the proper arrangement for the disposal of human excrement. Pamlico—No Board of Health. Pasquotank—No Board of Health. Pender—Vtx. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. The health of the county has been generally good during the month, except bowel diseases espec-ially among children. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Drainage is more and more practiced by our citizens, and its advantages to health and agriculture acknowl-edged and appreciated. Malaria is gradually leaving our borders and its cause disappearing. Perquimans—1:^0 Board of Health. Person—No Board of Health. Pitt—'Dt. B. T. Cox, Redallia. Dysentery, diarrhoea and intermittent fevers have pre-vailed, and a few cases of measles, whooping-cough and chicken-pox still linger. Polk—^o Board of Health. Randolph—V)x. J. M. Boyette, Ashboro. From official reports the sanitary condition of the county is better than for the past year. Pneumonia and measles have prevailed to some extent, and dj'sentery has made its appearance in full force. There has also been reported some whooping-cough. Distemper and pink-eye among horses have diminished. Hog and chicken-cholera are prevailing in some parts of the county. The condition of the County Home was much improved on my last visit—the cloth-ing of the inmates, the bedding, houses, etc., were as clean as could be expected under the existing circumstances. The cells are much cleaner than at any previous visit. Richmond—Dr. J. M. Stansill, Rockingham. There have been reported fifteen cases of measles, four of whooping-cough, and one of diphtheria. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good, except the poor-house, which needs improvement badly. We have had a great deal of dysentery during the month, mostly of a mild character, though I have heard of two or three deaths. Robeson—Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton. Measles has prevailed in some parts of the county, and whooping-cough and typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is very fair. That of the jail and court-house good. The removal of the poor-house is continually urged. Rockingham—No Board of Health. Rowan—Dr. J. J. Summerell, Salisbury. I have received no reports, and hear of no sick-ness. I think the county is very free from dis-ease for this season of the year. I have had some mild cases of diarrhoea and dysentery. Our public buildings are in good condition. I hear that the County Commissioners have recently ordered that the water shall not be used so freely as heretofore, and I fear the re-sult, but will try to convince them that they are not acting wisely or humanely. Rutherford—Dr. W. Thompson, Cliffdale. No report. Sampson—V)\. ]. A Stevens, Clinton. The sanitary condition of the county is fairly good. We have had some cases of whooping-cough, measles, pneumonia, dysentery, diarrhoea, ma-larial fever, and one case of typhoid fever. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera, BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 29 and there have been reported two rabid dogs in the upper part of the county. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is very good. We are to have a new jail, which is greatly needed. Stanly—Dr. Boyles, New London. No re-port. Stokes—Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The health of the county has been unusually good during the past month. There is some dysen-tery at this time, but of a mild form. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Surry—No Board of Health. Swain—No Board of Health. ~ Transylvania—No Board of Health. Tyrrell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia. No report. Union—Dr. W. D. Pemberton, Monroe. The health of the town is good, except for dysentery and diarihcea, prevalent especially among children. Vance—Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson. No report on the sanitary condition of the county and the prevailing diseases. Wake—Dr. James McKee, Raleigh. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. There have been reported three cases of vari-cella and one of typhoid fever. There have occurred several deaths among the cows in the city ifl parturition, due to peritonitis. The sanitary condition of all the public buildings is good. Warren—Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenton. No report. Washington—No Board of Health. Watat4ga—Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. There have been reported ten cases of scarla-tina and two of typhoid fever. La Grippe has prevailed in all parts of the county. The san-itary condition of the county is good in every particular; also that of the public buildings. Wayne—E)r. John Spicer, Goldsboro. No report. Wilkes—^o Board of Health. Wilson—Dr. A. Anderson, Wilson. Whoop-ing- cough, measles, malarial fever, and dysen-tery have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The sanitary condition of the Home is good, but that of the jail is not good, but some im-provements are being made. The court-house is in moderately good condition. Yadkin—T>x. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville. No report. Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good at present. The poor-house is very well kept, but the jail is not kept as clean as it should be. Summary of Mortuary Reports for May, J 892. (eighteen towns.) W/iite. Cold. Total. Aggregate population. 52,500 43,560 96,060 Aggregate deaths 76 70 146 Annual death-rate per 1,000 represented, 17.4 19 3 18.2 Deaths under 5 years old, 71 Causes of death. Typhoid fever 12 3 Malarial fever 31 4 Measles 20 2 Pneumonia 4 2 6 Consumption ... S 14 22 Brain diseases 3 4 7 Heart diseases 52 7 Neurotic diseases 23 5 Diarrhoeal diseases 16 9 25 All other diseases 25 23 48 Accident o I I Suicide 10 i Still-born - 6 9 15 76 70 146 Review of Diseases for May, 1892. Bronchitis—Was reported from Lenoir. Chicken-Cholera—From Randolph. Cholera-morbns—From Caldwell. Diarrhcea — From Alamance, Alexander, Caldwell, Columbia, Granville, Henderson, Johnston, Martin, McDowell, Orange, Pender, Pitt, Rowan, Sampson, Union—15 counties. 30 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Diphtheria—From Lincoln and Richmond. Dysentery—From Alamance, Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, Caswell, Catawba, Chatham, Cherokee, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Greene, Johnston, Lenoir, Lincoln, Martin, McDowell, Northampton, Orange, Pender, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Sampson, Stokes, Union—27 counties. Hog Cholera—From Randolph and Sampson. La Grippe—From Mitchell and Watauga. Malarial Fever—From Casv/ell, Columbus, Lenoir, Martin, Pitt, Sampson, Wilson— 7 counties. Malarial Fever, Hemorrhagic—From New Hanover. Measles—From Alamance, Alexander, Cald-well, Franklin, Granville. Henderson, John-ston, Lenoir, Martin, New Hanover, Orange, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson, Samp-son, Wilson—17 counties. Mumps—From Davidson. Pneumonia—From McDowell, Oiange, Randolph, Sampson—4 counties. Rotheln—From Davidson. Scarlatina—From Caldwell, Montgomery, New Hanover, Watauga—4 counties. Typhoid Fever—From Catawba, Henderson, Iredell, Jackson, Macon, Martin, New Han-over, Sampson, Wake, Watauga—10 counties. Varicella—From Pitt and Wake. Whooping-cough—From Alamance, Alex-ander, Burke, Catawba, Columbus, Davidson, Edgecombe, Greene, Iredell, Lincoln, Mitchell, Montgomery, New Hanover, Pitt, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Wilson—iS counties. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAkOLLNA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 33 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties 34 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Mortuary Report for May, 1892. Towns and lUl.LETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA HOARD OF HEALTH THeteoroloffical Summary for JMortli Carolina, May, 1892. Furnished by the North Caroliua Agricultural Expirrimeiit Slalion and Slate Weather Ser' H. B. Battle, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Hekkmann, Meteorologist. BU LLETI N NORTH CAROLINA ROARD OF HEALTH. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M. D., Pres.,.S3ltm. R. H. Lewis, M. D., ..Raleigh. W. H. Harrell .- Williamston. J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. .Asheville. J. H. Tucker, M. D., _ .Henderson. Prof. F. P. Venable. Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . Winston. Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington. Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. JULY, 1892. No. 4. Cholera. The Morning Star of the 22d instant gives the following cablegram from London: " July 21. A dispatch to the Lancet from Paris says, that cholera in the suburbs of that city is stationary and exhibits no tendency to extension within fortifications. Officially the disease is styled 'epidemic cholerainforme.' It develops so slovi'ly that time for preparation to combat it can be readily taken. It does not seem to have taken root within the walls of the city." Notwithstanding the name given to the dis-ease in Paris, the Spanish Medical Commission sent to investigate it, pronounced it Asiatic Cholera, and the Spanish Government imme-diately took steps to keep it out of their bor-ders. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents of Health for June. 1892. Alamance— Dr. G. W. Long, Graham. Whooping-cough and intestinal troubles have prevailed but are subsiding. An occasional case of fever heard from. New cottages are being built at the Home. Alexander—Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville. Diarrhceal troubles have prevailed, and there have been two cases of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good as far as I can learn. That of the public build-ings is about the same as at last report. There is a movement on foot for the erection of a new home for the poor. Alleghany—No Board of Health. Anson—Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro. No report. Ashe—No Board of Health Beaufort—Dr. S. T Nicholson, Washing-ton. No report. Bertie—No Board of Health. Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown. No report. Brunswick—No Board of Health. Buncombe—Dr. C. E. Hilliard, Asheville. Dysentery has prevailed in some parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county and the public buildings is good. Burke— Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. There has been one case of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Less sickness of any kind than there has been for several years at this season. A few cases of diarrhoea and dysentery have been 38 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLh\A BOARD OF HEALTH. reported, mostly among children. The condi-tion of the public buildings is about the same as at last report. Cabarrus—No Board of Health. Caldwell—Dr. A. A. Kent, Lenoir. No report. Camden—No Board of Health. Carteret—Dr. M. F. Arendell, Morehead City. The sanitary condition of the county is good, as is also that of the public buildings. Caswell—Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. Remittent fever and dysentery have prevailed. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public build-ings. Catawba.—Dr. G. H. West, Newton. Dysentery and diarrhoea have prevailed in the central and eastern portions of the county. As far as can be learned, the sanitary condition is about as good as usual. There have been reported four cases of typhoid fever. Repairs will be soon made at the jail in regard to sew-erage system. New houses will be built at the poor-house soon as the Board of Magistrates and Commissioners have so ordered. Chatham—Dr. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. The sanitary condition of the county during the month has been good. A few cases of dysentery have been reported. The latter part of the month was very wet. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Cherokee.—Dr. J. F. Abernaihy, Murphy. No report. Chowan—No Board of Health. Clay—No Board of Health. Cleveland—Dr. O. P. Gardner, Shelby. Dysentery has prevailed in many parts of the county. There have been reported several cases of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is good, and also that of the public buildings. Columbus—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. The sanitary condition of the county has been good. Diarrhoea has prevailed among children, but of a mild type. We have had in the last two or three weeks a few cases of malarial and typhoid fever, and a case or two of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good. Craven—No Board of Health. Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-ville. A few cases of whooping-cough have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good The town is in better condi-tion than it has been for years. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Currituck—No Board of Health. Dare—No Board of Health. Davidson—Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr.. Lexing-ton. No report. Davie—No Board of Health. Duplin—Dr. J. W. . Blount, Kenansville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. A few cases of malarial fever, diarrVcea and dysentery have occurred, but generally yielded to treatment in a few days. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is fairly good. I am glad to state that our county officers are becoming convinced of the necessity and im-portance of paying more attention to the con-dition and management of the public buildings. Durham—Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham. The health of the county for the month of June has been remarkably good, with fewer deaths than usual. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good. Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tar-boro. Whooping-cough has prevailed in all parts of the county There has been an excess of rain in the county in June, and the sanitary condition is not veiy good. The death rate among infants has been large from diarrhceal diseases, complicated with whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Forsyth—Dr. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No report. Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg. Whooping-c ugh has prevailed to some exten^ in town and the surrounding country. So far as I can learn, the sanitary condition of the county is good. Dysentery prevails in some portions and I hear of two cases of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 39 Gaston—Dr. J. H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates—No Board of Health. Graham—No Board of Health, Granville— Dr. P. Booth, Oxford. A few cases of measles have occurred and there have been reported three cases of typhoid fever. Diarrhoea! diseases in mild form have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary con-dition of the county remains about the same as at last report. That of the public buildings is unchanged. Greene—Dr. E. H..Sugg, Snow Hill. Dys-entery has prevailed, with a few cases of ma-larial fever. The sanitary condition of the county is tolerably good; that of the public buildings is good. Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greens-boro. No report. Halifax—No Board of Health. Harnett.— No Board of Health. Haywood—Dr. J. H. Way, Waynesville. No report. Henderson—Dr. J. L. Egerton, Hender-sonville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. A few cases of mumps have been reported. Hertford—No Board of Health, Hyde—No Board af Health. Iredell—Dr. M. W. Hill, Statesville. The sanitary condition of the county has been pretty good. Dr. Hill reports two fatal cases of typhoid fever in his own family. There is another case in a different part of the town. Whooping-cough has been reported also. The public buildings are in their usual sanitary con-dition. Jackson—Dr. J. M. Candler, Dillsboro. No report. Johnston—Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smithfield. Dysentery and bowel troubles have been the prevailing diseases. There has been some chicken cholera. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Jones—No Board of Health. Lenoir— Dr. C. B, Woodley, Kinston. A mild form of dysentery has prevailed in some sections. Two cases of typhoid fever have been reported. The sanitary condition of the county is good, so far as can be learned, except in so far as recent rains have affected it. The jail is not occupied, but when last visited was in good condition. Lincoln—-Dr. W. L. Crouse, Lincolnton. Typhoid fever and dysentery have prevailed in some portions of the ci unty; there has also been some whooping-cough. There is but little sickness of any kind—less than usual at this season of the year. The sanitary condi-tion of the public buildings is good. No sick-ness during the month Macon—Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There has been one case of typhoid fever only reported. That of the public buildings is good. Madison—No Board of Health, Martin—Dr. W. H. Harrell, Williamston. The sanitary condition of the county is good — less sickness than I have ever known at this season. A few cases of mild malarial fever and some diarrhoeal troubles, with an occa-sional case of dysentery and measles constitute the prevailing sickness for the month. There have also been reported two cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. McDowell—Dr. J. H. Gilkey, Marion. No report. Mecklenburg—No Board of Health. Mitchell—Dr. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. An epidemic of influenza has prevailed in nearly all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported about ten cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is better than for the past i8 months. Both the keeper of the jail and of the alms-house are performing their duty toward the inmates to the very best advantage. Montgomery—Dr. E. E. Asbury, Asbury. Dysentery has prevailed in all parts of the county. There have been reported fifteen cases of measles, ten of whooping-cough, five of scarlatina, five of typhoid fever, three of 40 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. pernicious malarial fever, and two of hcemor-rhagic malarial fever. As far as I can learn, the sanitary condition of the county is tolerably good. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera. There has been no change in the condition of the public buildings since the last report. Moore—Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carthage. No report. Nash—Dr. |. J. Mann, Nashville. We are having a great deal of typho-malarial fever in the county. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good indeed. New Hanover—Dr. F. W. Potter, Wil-mington. You will notice that our death-rate for June is comparatively small, but there has been a good deal of sickness, and if there have been few deaths from diseases peculiar to the locality, the physicians are entitled to more thanks than the authorities. In May I requested the Aldermen to have less digging done. I urge now, as I have always done, the thorough cleaning of the city of trash, etc., while other things should be left ofT until said object should be accomplished. So far as I can learn the sanitary condition of the county is good—only a few cases of continued fever on the seacoast. Measles and whooping-cough are subsiding. There have been reported eleven cases of measles, seventeen of whooping-cough, one of scarlatina, eighteen of typhoid fever. The jail is in good condition, with the oft-repeated exception of the floor, which needs cementing. The other public buildings are in good sanitary condition. NoRTHAMPiON—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jack-son. No report. Onslow—Dr. E. L. Cox, Jacksonville. Dysentery has prevailed in the upper part of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Hog cholera has prevailed in part of the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Orange—Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. I have to report cholera-infantum, diarrhoea, cholera-morbus and dysentery in most all por-tions of the county. A fatal case of typhoid fever reported. Catarrhal fever has prevailed extensively, and in many cases has been severe in form, closely simulating grippe, Measles, in mild form, has prevailed in all parts of the county. Two cases of cholera-morbus resem-bled closely Asiatic cholera. Theresemblance to genuine cholera was in the great prostration, cramps of severe form, rice- colored stools and algid condition. Erysipelas in a severe form has occurred, and also a few cases of mild rheu-matism. Puerperal and septicsemic fevers have occurred. Follicular tonsillitis and pha-ryngitis have been of frequent occurrence, and there have been a few cases of remittent fever. Doubtless the damp hot weather caused much of the dysentery and diarrhoea, and has also been a factor in causing the catarrhal fever. The sanitary condition of the county is not so good, owing to the continued wet weather and the absence of sunshine. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is good, except the jail. Pamlico—No Board of Health. Pasquotank—No Board of Health. Pender—Dr. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. The general health of the county is good. There is a remarkable increase of insanity among the negroes, especially among the women. It is an interesting study for the physician why such a large percentage of our insane are negro women. Pitt—Dr. R. T. Cox, Redallia. No report. Polk—No Board of Health. Randolph—Dr. J. M. Boyette, Asheboro. Reports from all parts of the county show the sanitary condition good. There have been reported one case of measles, five of whooping-cough and two of typhoid fever. Cholera is prevailing among hogs. Dysentery has pre-vailed all over the county. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is good. Richmond—Dr. J. M. Stansill, Rocking-ham. There has been a great deal of dysen-tery and a few cases of tyyho-malarial fever reported. There was very little sickness of any other kind. Two cases of whooping-cough and two of typhoid fever reported. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good, except at the poor-house, which ought to be torn down and new buildings erected. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 41 Robeson—Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton. A good deal of sickness, principally malarial fever and bowel troubles, have prevailed. Considering the heavy rain-fall, the sanitary condition of the county is good. Whooping-cough has occurred. There has been no im-provement at the Home. The sanitary con-dition of the other public buildings is good. Rockingham—No Board of Health. Rowan—Dr. J. J. Summerell, Salisbury. Whooping-cough and typhoid fever have pre-vailed in some parts of the county. The sanitary conditicn of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. Rutherford—Dr. W. A. Thompson, Cliff-dale. Entero-colitis and dysentery have pre-vailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is better than usual at this season. The health of the people is better than last year. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is as good as the poor build-ings v^fill admit of. We need a new jail and poor-house badly, and I will urge our Commis-sioners to build one with modern sanitary improvements. Sampson—Dr J. A. Stevens, Clinton. The sanitary t;ondition of most of the county is good. Measles and whooping-cough have been very prevalent, and there are a few cases of typhoid and malarial fevers. Many cases of dysentery and diarrhoea with several deaths. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is good, but the jail is in bad condition. .Stanly—Dr. A. C. Boyles, New London. The health of the county is very good, with little sickness of any kind. The sanitary con-dition of the public buildings is tolerably good. Stokes—Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported twenty-three cases of whooping-cough, two of diphtheria, and four of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Surry—No Board of Health. Swain—No Board of Health. Transylvania—No Board of Health. » Tyrrell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia. Cholera-infantum has prevailed in the town of Columbia. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported nineteen cases of measles and one of typhoid fever. The public buildings have been recently repaired. Union—Dr. W. D. Pemberton, Monroe. Considerable diarrhoeal trouble and some ma-larial fevers. No typhoid fever. Our town is doing all its money will allow for the preven-tion of disease. The colored people are poorly cared for. Vance—Dr. A. Cheatham, Henderson. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Wake—Dr. Jas. McKee, Raleigh. Only one case of typhoid fever has been officially reported, but three death certificates from typhoid fever have been returned. The sani-tary condition of the county is good. '1 hat of the public buildings is also good. Warren—Dr. J. J. Macon, Warrenton. No report. Washington—No Board of Health. Watauga—Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. Scarlatina and whooping-cough have prevailed in some parts of the county. They are of a mild form with no deaths. There have been some bowel troubles and one case of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the county and of the public buildings is good. The jail is new, with all modern improvements, and the poor-house cottages are new and clean and healthy. Wayne—Dr. John Spicer, Goldsboro. There have occurred a few cases of measles and whooping-cough. Also some continued fever. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There has been some hog cholera. The sani-tary condition of the public buildings is good. Wilkes—No Board of Health. Wilson—Dr. A. Anderson, WMlson. Dys-entery, diarrhoea and malarial fevers have prevailed in all parts of the county. The sani-tary condition of the county is not good, but there is and has been for some time an im-provement. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Yadkin—Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville. Dysentery has prevailed in nearly all portions 42 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. of the county, and of very fatal character among children. The sanitary condition of the county, in most localities, is good. Some places are not drained as well as they should be to keep off malaria, consequently we have some malarial fever at this season of the year. Our poorrhouse is in good condition—all new buildings. The jail was burnt some time ago, but the contract has been let for the erection of a new one. It will be on the modern plan. Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good at present. There have been reported three cases of typhoid fever. The jail is not well kept. The poor-house is rrioderately well kept. Summary of Mortuary Reports for June, 1892. (eighteen towns.) White. Col'd. Total. Aggregate population. 51,00041,800 92,800 Aggregate deaths 80 91 171 Annual death-rate per 1,000 represented, 18. 3 26.1 22.1 Deaths under 5 years of age, 95 Causes of death. Typhoid fever 23 5 Malarial fever , 22 4 Whooping-cough i 3 4 Consumption - 6 11 17 Brain diseases - - 6 2 8 Heart diseases 8 4 12 Neurotic diseases 03 3 Diarrhoeal diseases 31 2S 59 All other diseases 17 29 46 Accident - o 3 3 Still-born 7 3 10 80 91 171 Review of Diseases for June, 1892. Catarrhal fevet —Was reported from Orange (simulating grippe). Chicken cholera—From Johnson. Cholera-infanttim—From Orange and Tyr-rell. Cho/era-motbus—From Orange. Diarrhma — From Alamance, Alexander, Burke, Catawba, Columbus, Duplin, Edge-combe, Granville, Martin, Orange, Robeson, Rutherford, Sampson and Wilson—14 counties. Diphtheria—From Stokes. Dysentery—From Alamance, Buncombe, Burke, Caswell, Catawba, Chatham, Cleveland, Duplin, Edgecombe, Franklin, Greene, John-ston, Lenoir, Lincoln, Martin, Montgomery, Onslow, Orange, Randolph, Richmond, Robe-son, Rutherford, Sampson, Wilson and Yadkin —25 counties. Erysipelas-^YroVi\ Orange. Hog cholera—From Martin, Onslow, Ran-dolph and Wayne—4 counties. Influenza—From Mitchell. Malarial fever—From Caswell, Columbus, Duplin, Greene, Martin, New Hanover, Orange, Robeson, Sampson, Wayne and Wil-son— II counties. Malarial fever, hcemorrhagic—From Mont-gomery. Malarial fever, pernicious—From Mont-gomery. Measles—Yrom Granville, Martin, Mont-gomery, New Hanover, Orange, Randolph, Sampson, Tyrrell and Wayne—9 counties. Mumps—From Henderson. Rheumatism—From Orange. Scarlatina—From Montgomery, New Han-over and Watauga—3 counties. Typhoid fever—From Alexander, Burke, Catawba, Cleveland, Columbus, Franklin, Greene, Iredell, Lenoir, Lincoln, Macon, Montgomery, New Hanover, Orange, Ran-dolph, Richmond, Rowan, Sampson, Stokes, Tyrrell, Wake and Yancey—22 counties. Typho-fnalarial—From Nash and Richmond. Whoopinz-cough—From Alamance, Colum-bus, Cumberland. Edgecombe, Franklin, Ire-dell, Lincoln, Martin, Mitchell, New Hanover, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Stokes, Samp-son, ^Vatauga and Wayne—17 counties, BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 43 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties 44 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for June, 1892.—Continued. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 45 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for June, 1892.—Continued 46 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Mortuary Report for June, 1892. Towns and BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNA BOARD OF HEALTH. 47 meteorological Summary for :Nortta Carolina, Jane, 1892. Furnished by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Service. H, B. Battle, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist. STATIONS. Asheville Bakeisville Charlotte Chapel Hill Douglas Columbus Horse Cove Kitty Hawk Littleton Louisburg Lenoir Morganton Mount Airy Oak Ridge Pittsboro Raleigh Southport Southern Pines .. Salisbury Weldon Washington Wilmington TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr). 70.0 70.2 76.3 78.0 77.0 67.4 69.4 7.5.2 76.4 75.3 72 5 .74.3 73.9 74.9 75.5 75.8 75,4 77.1 79.3 77.3 76.4 76.2 92 80.7 82.8 86.0 90.5 92.5 74.3 78.5 81.6 88.7 82.5 79.8 82.7 84.6 85.0 83.2 84.7 79.4 91.1 85.5 87.4 87.9 1.0 61 59.3 57.7 66.6 65.5 61.4 60.4 60.3 68.7 61.2 68.1 67.5 69.6 632 64.8 67.8 66.8 71.2 63.1 73.1 67.2 64.9 70.2 21.4 25.1 19.4 25.0 31.1 13.9 18.2 12.9 24.5 14.4 12.3 13.1 21.4 20.2 15 4 17.9 8.2 28.0 12.4 20.2 23.0 11.8 80.2 77.6 80.0 83.4 7.00 5.92 5.51 6.12 8.55 12.72 17.02 6.58 4.49 8.36 820 8.63 4.45 6.84 4.55 4.84 4.52 4.96 4.67 5.11 11.75 6.13 No. OF Days 12 20 N. W. S. E. S.W. N. N. E. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. S.W. s. S.W. S.W. S. S.W. ST.\TE METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR JUNE, 1892. Mean Barometer 30.01 Inches; normal for Ju' e, 30.02. Highest Barometer 30..S7 inches, on the 1st, at Hatteras. Lowest Barometer 29.73 inches, on the 27th, at Lynchburg. Mean temperature 75.5 degrees; normal for June, 71.4 degrees. Highest temperature 103, on the 24th, at Southern Pines. • Lowest temperature 48, on the 14lh, at Bakersville. Average raln-fall, 6.90 inches; normal for June, 4..34. Greatest monthly rain-fall, 17.02 inches, at Rock House Farm (Horse Cove). Least monthly rain-fall, 2 70 inches, at Hatteras. Average number of cloudless days, 10. Average number ot partly cloudy days, 12. Average number of cloudy days, 8. Average number ol rainy days, 14. Prevailing wind direction, .south-we.st; average hourly velocity, 7.8 miles. Prevailing direetlon from many years' ob.servatioas, south-west. Average velocity, 7.0 miles per hour. BU LLETIN OF THE NORTH CABOLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Wilmington, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M, D., Fres.,.'SsAtm. R. H. Lewis, M. D., Raleigh. W. H. Harrei.l Williamston. J. A. Hodges, M. D Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. ..Asheville. J. H. Tucker, M. D,, Henderson. Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E.,.. Winston. Thomas F. Wood, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Wilmington. Entered at the post-office at Wilmington, N. C, as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. AUGUST, 1892. No. 5. THOMAS F. WOOD, M: D., LL.D. Dr. Thomas Fanning W^ood, the able Secre-tary of the North Carolina Boaid of Health, died at his residence in this city about 2 o'clock yesterday, the 22d of August, 1892. The State of North Carolina has lost a son, t han whom none were more jealous of her honor and her welfare. The caute of sanitary reform and of medical progress in the .State, and in the country at large, has lost a most earnest and diligent advocate and worker, whose place will indeed be hard to fill. Let every citizen of our State, who can appreciate the services of one whose undying energies have for so many years been given, for the honor of his State and the welfare of her people, bow the head in sorrow at their loss. At the Fayetteville meeting of the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina a com-mittee was appointed to memorialize the Legis-lature for the establishment of a State Board of Health. The result of this action was the en-actment of a law making the State Society the Board of Health. At the next meeting of the Society, in 1877, a committee was appointed who should perform the arduous duties thus imposed upon the Society. Dr. S. S. Satcliwell was made the Chairman of this Committee, and Dr. W^ood the Secretary and Treasurer. Unin-terruptedly, from that date to the time of his death. Dr. Wood has held the office of Secretary and Treasurer of the Board of Health, making its success the chief ambition of his life, and giving to the work his untiring devotion and labor. At the time of the passage of the act creating the Board of Health, the amount of $roo per year was appropriated for the use of the Board. Until the recent act of 1SS5, which put the B jard on a better financial basis, the State ap-propriation was much too little to meet the actual expenses for stationery and postage inci. dent to the necessary instruction of the people in the methods of sanitation, and in exciting in the State profession an interest in the work; but he had the work at heart and it must not fail, so when the appropriation was exhausted he drew with an unstinting hand upon his own small store, suffering personal privations that this public work might go on to success. Great was his satisfaction when the Legisla-ture of 1885 created the Board of Health as it exists to-day, enabling it to do better service. Only those who were with him, and to whom he would open his mind on the subject, could know the deep anxiety with which he awaited 50 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. the action of the Legislature, or the true pleas-ure that its final action gave him. As soon as the word reached him that his bill had become a law, he engaged the services of an assistant and proceeded to have county boards of health organized, and to establish a voluntary system of mortuary reports from the larger towns of the State. He worked assiduously during that year, and when for the treatment of his fatal malady it became necessary for him to keep his bed twenty months, during those anxious days his interest did not flag, but his eye was ever on the watch for rocks and breakers, while his hand still held the wheel that directed the ship in its progress. But his works were too many and too great and good for even a bare mention of them in this brief notice, which is written while this issue of the Bulletin is in the hands of the compositor. A more extended notice will appear in another place by one more fitted to make known the deeds and sound the merited praise of this valued and honored citizen, this wise and skillful physician, this loving and sym-pathetic friend, this noble and true Christian. The Cholera. The latest returns from the infected districts of Europe, as taken from the press dispatches of the 24th of August, are to the following efifecl : St. Petersburg, Aug. 23.—Official returns of new cases of cholera yesterday and deaths, show a decrease compared with Sunday's figures of 15 cases, and an increase of iii deaths. The total number of new cases reported yesterday was 6,806; total deaths 3,429. Hamburg, Aug. 23.—Cholera is chiefly prevalent in Alstadt, or the old portion of the city, comparatively few cases occurring in the Nevstadt or the new portion. Every precaution possible is being taken to localize the disease. A number of new cases were reported to-day. Teheran, Aug. 23.—A dispatch from Ren-shid, in the province of Ghilan, states that every day hundreds of persons are dying there from cholera. Renshid is a very unhealthy place, and sanitary methods are unknown. It lies on the Caspian Sea, an 1 is the center of the importing trade of the province in which i^ is located. Most all imports are from Russia. Other cities are also suffering. Washington, Aug. 23.—Although no real fears that cholera will reach the United States is expressed by the authorities of the Treasury Department, they are taking all the precau-tions deemed necessary to prevent its introduc-tion. Circulars have hitherto been issued to Customs officers directing the disinfecting of baggage from cholera infected ports. Assist-ant Secretary Spaulding was in conference to-day with Dr. Austin, Acting Surgeon General of the Maiine Hospital Service, m regard to further precautionary steps. Official information has been received that Asiatic cholera exists in Hamburg and Havre, and port officers at New York and Baltimore have been so informed. Hamburg authorities have heretofore insisted that the disease was cholerine. At Hamburg yesterday there were 120 cases of cholera. Many deaths were re-ported. Consul Williams, at Havre, reports an epi-demic of Asiatic cholera at that place, with many deaths, and advises insptction of the fast liner La Touraine. These facts have been promptly communi-cated to the health officers at Staten Island, and every precaution will be taken, especially in view of the fact that the epidemic has now reached two of the most important ports in Europe with which the United States has direct and rapid communication. Some Reasons for Daily Exercise. 1. Any man who does not take time for exer-cise will probably have to take time to be ill. 2. Body and mind are both gifts, and for the proper use of them our Maker will hold us re-sponsible. 3. Exercise gradually increases the physical powers, and gives more strength to resist sick-ness. 4. Exercise will do for your body what intel-lectual training will dn for your mind— educate and strengthen it. 5. Vlato called a man lame because he exer-cised the mind while the body was allowed to suffer. BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 51 6. A sound body lies at the foundation of all that goes to make life a success. Exercise will help give it. 7. Exercise will help a young man to lead a chaste life. 8. Varied, light and brisk exercises, next to sleep, will rest the tired brain better than any-thing else. 9. Metal will rust if not used, and the body will become diseased if not exercised. 10. A man ''too busy" to take care of his health is like a workman too busy to sharpen his tools. — Glasgow Herald.—Maryland Med-icalJournal. Summary of Reports from County Superinten-dents for July, 1892. Alamance—Dr. G. W. Long, Graham. Whooping-ccugh, measles, mild typhoid fever and intestinal diseases have prevailed. New cottages are nearly completed for the Home. Ale.xander— Dr. J. B. Watts, Taylorsville. There have been reported five cases of typhoid fever during the past month. The sanitary condition of the county remains very good. That of the public buildings is about the same as at the last report, Alleghany—No Board of Health. Anson—Dr. E. F. Ashe, Wadesboro, No report. Ashe—No Board of Health. Beaufort—Dr. S. T. Nicholson, Washing-ton. No report. Bertie - No Board of Health. Bladen—Dr. N. Robinson, Elizabethtown. No report. Brunswick—No Board of Health. Buncombe—Dr. C. E. Hilliard, Asheville. Typhoid fever has prevailed in some parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Burke—Dr. J. L. Laxton, Morganton. The sanitary condition of the county is fair. There have been reported two cases of whoop-ing- cough, four of typhoid fever, four of sub-acute gastritis, and a few cases of bowel afifec-ions, mostly among children. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is about the same as at last report. No improvements are being considered. Cabarrus—No Board of Health, Caldwell — Dr. .\. A. Kent, Lenoir. Typhoid fever in mild form has prevailed in most parts of the county, thirty cases being reported. Two deaths have resulted. There has been an unusually large amount of sickness. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is fairly good. Camden—No Board of Health. Carteret—Dr. F. M. Arendeli. Morehead City. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Measles have occurred. Our public buildings are in good condition; they are old, but comfortable. Caswell—Dr. R. H. Williamson, Yancey-ville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There has been an epidemic of hydro-phobia among dogs. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Catawba — Dr. G. H. West, Newton. Whooping-cough has prevailed in the central part of the county. There have been reported also twenty-seven cases of typhoid and twenty of typho-malarial fever. Repairs at the jail are now in progress, and will probably be com-pleted by the last of the month. Three new houses are being built at the poor-house, one to be used as a hospital. Chatham—Dr. H. T. Chapin, Pittsboro. No report. Cherokee—Dr. J. F. Abernathy, Murphy. The health of this county is not good. Typhoid fever, flux and bowel diseases generally prevail. There has been no change in the condition of the public buildings. The inmates are healthy. Four deaths from typhoid fever reported. Chowan—No Boaid of Health. Clay—No Board of Health. Cleveland—Dr. O. P. Gardner, Shelby. Typhoid fever has prevailed in some portions of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is good; also that of the public buildings. Columbus—Dr. I. Jackson, Whiteville. The sanitary condition of the county, as a whole, I consider good; but I hear of many 52 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. cases of a continued form of fever in different sections of the county that generally yields to treatment in ten or fifteen days. There have been reported three cases of whooping-cough, and six of typhoid fever. The sanitary condi-tion of the public buildings is good. Craven—Dr. Lein^.ter Duffy, New Berne. No report. Cumberland—Dr. J. H. Marsh, Fayette-viJle. Malarial fever has prevailed in some parts of the county, and there have been re-ported a few cases of whooping-cough. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is good; but the jail is in an unsafe condition. How-ever, all necessary repairs have been ordered. Currituck—No Board of Health. Dare—No Board of Health. Davidson—Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., Lexing-ton. No report. Davie—No Board of Health. Duplin—Dr. J. W. Blount, Kenansville. The sanitary condition of the county is reason-ably good. There are some cases of malarial fever over every portion of the county, but not so general as the extreme wet weather in June followed by the very warm weather of July would lead us to expect. The sanitary condi-tion of the public buildings is good. The buildings are well ventilated, and kept in a clean and healthful condition. Durham—Dr. N. M. Johnson, Durham. The healthfulness of the county for July has been about an average for the same period in former years. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Edgecombe—Dr. Donald Williams, Tar-boro. Whooping-cough has prevailed in all parts of the county. The sanitary condition of the county and public buildings is very good. Forsyth—Dr. D. N. Dalton, Winston. No report. Franklin—Dr. E. S. Foster, Louisburg. Whooping-cough prevails in several portions of the county. So far as I can learn the health of the county was never better. There have been a few cases of continued fever of a mild type; no sickness of apy seriousness. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is very good. Such improvements as are needed are had on application to the proper authorities. Gaston—Dr. J. H. Jenkins, Dallas. No report. Gates—No Board of Health. Graham—No Board of Health. Granville—Dr. Patrick Booth, Oxford. There have been reported thirty cases of whooping-cough, and six of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is fair, and that of the public buildings is unchanged. Greene—Dr. E. H. Sugg, Snow Hill. Ma-larial fever has prevailed in the county, but there has been very little sickness of any kind. The sanitary condition of the county is tolera-bly good, and that of the public buildings is good. Guilford—Dr. E. R. Michaux, Greens-boro. No report. Halifax—No Board of Health. Harnett—No Board of Health. Haywood—Dr. J. H. Way, Waynesville. No report. Henderson—Dr. J. L. Egerton, Hender-sonville. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported two cases of typhoid fever. Hertford—No Board of Health. Hyde—No Board of Health. Iredell—Dr. M. W. Hill, Statesville. There have been four cases of typhoid fever reported. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. Have heard of two deaths from typhoid fever. There have also been a few cases of cholera-infantum. The public build-ings are in their usual sanitary condition. There have been no cases of sickness at either the jail or the poor-house this season. [We are very glad to be corrected by Dr. Hill in regard to the report we published last month, that he had two fatal cases of typhoid fever in his own family. The unfortunate family in which these cases occurred lived out of town. His report said "one," while we read it "our" family, etc. Jackson—No Board of Health. BULLETIN- OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 53 Johnston—Dr. L. L. Sasser, Smichfield7 Malarial troubles, continued fever and five cases of typhoid fever have occurred. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Jones—No Board of Health. Lenoir—Dr. C. B. Woodley, Kinston. There has been some malarial fever in different sections, and there have been reported three cases of typhoid fever. Lincoln—Dr. W. L. Grouse, Lincolnton. Typhoid fever has prevailed in town and the eastern portion of the county—I have had ten cases in my own practice. The fever broke out just after the heavy rains, and seemed always to be from surface water getting into the springs and wells. There is some dysentery, no malaria. There have been five cases of typhoid fever in the jail. It has seemed to originate from an old cesspool above the well. It was in the form of an old cellar under an old house, not well covered. The jailer died, but no new cases have occurred since the well has been abandoned. Macon—Dr. J. M. Lyle, Franklin. The sanitary condition of the county is good. Only one case of typhoid fever has been reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is also good. Madison—No Board of Health. Martin—Dr. W. H. Harrell, Williamston. No report. McDowell—Dr. J. H. Gilkey, Marion, who has been the Superintendent of Health ever since the organization of the Board of Health in his county, has recently died. Mecklenburg—No Board of Health. Mitchell—Dr. C. E. Smith, Bakersville. An epidemic of summer diarrhoea has prevailed in all portions of the county. There have also been several cases of cholera-infantum of a severe type in and around Bakersville, compli-cated with eclampsia; four deaths have been reported. One case of typhoid fever has been reported. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Montgomery—Dr. F, E. Asbury, Asbury. The sanitaiy condition of the county is good — better than for some time. There have been reported twenty-four cases of whooping-cough and seven of typhoid fever. The poor-house is in good sanitary condition, but the jail is not. Moore—Dr. Gilbert McLeod, Carthage. The sanitary condition of the county has been very good this summer. The cases of gastro-intestinal troubles have been milder and fewer in number than usual. There have been reported four cases of typhoid fever. The san-itary condition of the public buildings is good, except the Home, which needs some repairs. The County Commissioners have ordered this done. Nash—Dr. J. J. Mann, Nashville. The sanitary condition of the county is very good. We are having some whooping-cough now in some portions. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. New Hanover—Dr, F. W. Potter, Wil-mington. There have been reported four cases of measles, twenty of whooping-cough, two of diphtheria, fifteen of typhoid fever, and two of pernicious malarial fever. I learn of some continued fevers through the county, attended with inflamation of the tonsils and uvula. The jail has had an average of twenty-one inmates during the month, wiih little or no sickness. The House of Correction had eight prisoners, two of whom were sick a good deal, one with syphilis and the other with ordinary rheuma-tism; both are better. The poor-house, or County Home, had sixteen inmates, three of whom are white; one, an old man named James Martin, white, about 65 years of age (I pre-sume), is in a complete demented condition. All I can learn from him is, his name is "James Martin." We found him down in the street, and he was sent out to the poor-house a few weeks sinee. Mary Martin, a consumptive who keeps her room (in white ward), is fur-nished her food at her own room from Mrs. Pickett's table nearly all the time. Miss Fan-nie Morse, on account of her leaving the. poor-house and coming to the city, has been confined in the insane department. §he has had fever, but is now up again. Most of the evidence obtained by the Grand Jury was from her and another person, an old colortd man, Jupiter Lov^fery, who was crazy a few weeks since. 54 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. but is much better now. Miss Morse was sent to the poor-house several months since at the solicitation of her mother, Mrs. Soloman Morse, and her brothers, who said they could not live in the house with her, because she would at times become furiously mad and beat her mother with a broom-stick or anything else she could get in hand, and swore terribly. The old man, Jupiter Lowery, colored, was deranged for a very short time, and is now quite cured. No sickness now of any importance. I am sorry so much has been said, unless the information had been obtained from sane persons. I told every Superintendent before Mrs. Pickett's time, as well as her, never to treat the insane other-wise than very kindly. I never saw a colored person in Miss Martin's room, a white woman, nor in any other white inmate's room. I have never seen the white and colored eat together in the same room or at the same table. I have known Mrs. Pickett to feed the sick from her own table. The white inmates occupy rooms in a separate building from the colored. The place needs draining, and I have begged and importuned Mr. Owen Hausley, white man in charge of affairs, to have ditches dug, etc. ; and which, if done properly, would drain the prem-ises, basement and all, perfectly. The last time I made a demand he said it would be done soon after the Commissioners met on the first of the month. I remember well of saying to some of the Commissioners that the contractor would bear watching. He went off without comple-ting the hospital—not a shelf, cupboard, bench or anything in the building. I noticed, too, that there was a closeness about the building, and want of sufficient light. Mr. Bagg said all would be made " O. K." I could say more, but it is useless at present. Northampton—Dr. H. W. Lewis, Jackson. Measles and whooping-cough have prevailed in some sections, and there have been reported twelve cases of typhoid fever and one of per-nicious malarial fever. The sanitary condition of the county is fair, and that of the public buildings is good. White-wash and lime are used freely. Onslow—Dr. E. L. Cox, Jacksonville. Con-tinued malarial fevers have prevailed in all parts of the county, and there have been reported two cases of typhoid fever. There has been an epidemic of hog cholera in the northern part of the county. The sanitary condition of the county and public buildings is good. Orange — Dr. D. C. Parris, Hillsboro. Bowel, throat and pulmonary diseases have prevailed in all portions of the county. The sanitary condition of the county is not very good. There have been reported two cases each of scarlatina, typhoid fever and cholera. The sanitary condition of the public buildings, except the jail, is good. Pamlico—No Board of Health. Pasquotank—No Board of Health. Pender—Dr. S. S. Satchwell, Burgaw. Malarial and typhoid fevers have prevailed to a considerable extent. An epidemic of insanity is prevailing, and has prevailed for many months, among our negro population, especi-ally among the women, and is giving us much concern. We have no suitable accommoda-tions, and our negro asylum at Goldsboro is full to ovei flowing. What causes so much negro insanity in our State certainly demands inquiry. Perquimans—No Board of Health. Person—No Board of Health. Pitt—Dr. B. T. Cox, Redalia. Malarial and typhoid fevers and intestinal troubles have prevailed in many parts of the county. Except-ing our creeks and rivers, where there has been considerable oveiflow by the past rains, the sanitary condition of the county is good. The public buildings are nicely kept. Polk—No Board of Health. Randolph—Dr. J. M. Boyette, Asheboro. There have been reported four cases of measles, seven of whooping-cough, and nine of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Richmond—Dr. J. M. Stansill, Rockingham. The health of this section of the county is very good. There have been a few cases of malarial fever, fourteen cases of scarlatina, four of diph-theria,' and a few cases of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good, except at the poor-house, which needs some changes. , BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 55 Robeson—Dr. R. F. Lewis, Lumberton. Whooping-cough has prevailed in some sections of the county. Cholera has been epidemic among hogs. The sanitary condition of the county is fair; that of the public buildings is good. Rockingham—No Board of Ileahh. Rowan—Dr. J. T. Summerel!, Salisbury. Typhoid fever has prevailed in several neigh-borhoods, and to some extent in Salisbury. The sanitary condition of the county is about as usual—some sections are healthy, while mala-rial and typhoid fevers prevail in others. The past ten days have been excessively hot, but there have been no serious cases of prostration, though the people have suffered much from the heat. The public buildings are in good sani-tary condition. Rutherford—Dr. W. A. Thompson, Cliff-dale. The sanitary condition of the county is very good, and the health of the people better than for some time. The condition of the pub-lic buildings is unchanged. Samson—Dr. J. A. Stevens, Clmton. No report. Stanly—Dr. A. C. Boyles, New Lcndon- No report. Stokes—Dr. J. W. Neal, Meadows. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported about forty cases of whoop-ing- cough, one of diphtheria and ten of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Surry—No Board of Health. Swain—No Board of Health. Transylvania—No Board of Health. Tyrrell—Dr. Ab. Alexander, Columbia. No report. Union—Dr. W. C. Ramsay, Monroe. Typhoid fever, remittent fever, and whooping-cough have prevailed in some parts of the county. " Typho-malarial," so called, has been spoken of as prevailing t6 some extent. The sanitary condition of the poor-house is good. There is a new jail now being built, and will soon be completed. Vance—Dr. W. T. Cheatham, Henderson. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. No information as to the nature of prevailing diseases. Wake—Dr. Jas. McKee, Raleigh. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There have been reported one case of scarlatina, two of diphtheria, and thirty-eight of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of all public buildings is good. W^ARREN—Dr. P. J. Macon, Warrenton. No report. Washington—No Board of Health. Watauga—Dr. W. B. Councill, Boone. There have been reported ten cases of whoop-ing- cough, ten of scarlatina and one of typhoid fever. The sanitary condition of the county is very good, with very little sickness in the county. The public buildings are all in good sanitary condition. Wayne—Dr. John Spicer, Goldsboro. The sanitary condition of the county is good. There has been an epidemic of cholera among hogs and chickens. The sanitary condition of the public buildings is good. Wilkes—No Board of Health. Wilson—Dr. A. Anderson, Wilson. Mala-rial fevers have prevailed in all parts of the county, The sanitary condition of the county is good. Yadkin—Dr. T. R. Harding, Yadkinville. Typhoid fever has prevailed in nearly all por-tions of the county; about thirty-five cases re-ported. Our county is well drained at present, save one portion, consequently we have very lit-tle malaria. As to the precautions for the pre-vention of typhoid fever, I cannot think our people are up with the age. The sanitary con-dition of the poor-house is good. We have no jail, but will soon begin to erect one on the best sanitary plans of the times. Yancey—Dr. J. L. Ray, Burnsville. The general health of the county is very good, con-sidering the hot weather. There have been reported four cases of typhoid fever. The jail is not very well kept. The poor-house is mod-erately well kept. 56 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Review of Diseases for July, 1892. Chicken Cholera—Was reported from Wayne. Cholera—From Orange. Cholera-infantum — From Iredell and Mitchell. DiARRHCEA—From Alamance, Burke, Chero-kee, Mitchell, Moore and Pitt—6 counties. Diphtheria—From New Hanover, Rich-mond, Stokes and Wake—4 counties. Dysentery — From Alamance, Burke, Cherokee and Pitt—4 counties. Flux—From Cherokee. Gastritis— From Burke. Hog Cholera—From Onslow, Robeson and Wayne—3 counties. Hydrophobia (dogs)—From Caswell. Insanity—From Pender. Malarial Fever—From Columbus, Cum-berland, Duplin, Franklin. Greene, Johnston, Lenoir, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Richmond, Rowan, Union and Wilson—15 counties. Malarial Fever, Pernicious—Fronr New Hanover and Northampton. Measles—From Alamance, Carteret, New Hanover, Northampton and Randolph— 5 counties. Scarlatina — From Orange, Richmond, Wake and Watauga—4 counties. Typhoid Fever—From Alamance, Alexan-der, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Cherokee, Cleveland, Columbus, Granville, Henderson, Iredell, Johnston, Lenoir, Lincoln, Macon, Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Northampton, Onslow, Orange, Pen-der, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Stokes, Union, Wake, Watauga, Yadkin and Yancey — 34 counties. Typho-malarial — From Catawba and Union. Whooping-cough—From Alamance, Buike, Catawba, Cumberland, Columbus, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Montgomery, Nash, Northampton, Randolph, Robeson, Stokes, Union and Watauga—16 counties. Summary of Mortuary Reports for July, 1892. (nineteen towns.) White. Col'd. Total. Aggregate population. 61,200 50,700 111,900 Aggregate deaths 103 153 256 Annual death-rate per 1,000 represented, 202 362 27.4 Deaths under 5 years of age, 130 Causes of death. Typhoid fever II 1 3 24 Malarial fever. ... 3 3 6 Diphtheria-- i o i Whooping-cough 3 i 4 Pneumonia . 24 6 Consumption - 9 II 20 Brain diseases 6 5 11 Heart diseases 369 Neurotic diseases.... 20 2 Diarrhoeal diseases 25 40 65 All other diseases 27 50 77 Accident O 4 4 Still-born 11 16 27 103 153 256 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLLNA BOARD OF HEALTH. 57 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties 58 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 59 Condition of Jails and Poor-houses by Counties for July, 1892.—Continued. 6o BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Mortuary Report for July, 1892. Towns and Reporters. Asheville 1 Dr. C. e. Hilliard. J Scotland Neck "I J. D. Perry. J Durham \ Dr. N. M. Johnson. J Fayetteville \ Dr. J. H. Marsh. ) Goldsboro \ The Mayor. )" Henderson ) Dr. A. Cheatham. J Rocky Mount ^ Dr.G.L.Wimberly.l Oxford \ Dr. P. Booth. i Raleigh I Dr. jas. McKee. j Salisbury \ Dr. J. J. Surainerell j Tarboro \ Dr. D. Williams. J Weldon I The Mayor. j Wilmington I Dr. F. W. Potter, j Rockingham / Dr. J. M. Stancill. \ Statesville I Dr. M. W. Hill. \ Wilson / Dr. A. Anderson, f Hillsboro \ Dr. D. C. Parris. / Winston 1 Dr. R. F. Gray. ] Charlotte 1 City Clerk. / Races. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. Popula-tion. Repre-senting Annual Death Rate PER 1,000. 7,500 3,000 500 500 4,.500 3,500 2,800 2,200 2,800 2,201) 2,256 2,000 800 400 1,700 1,600 8,000 7,000 2,850 1,650 1,100 900 750 9,000 12,000 1,000 700 2,000 500 2,000 1,500 600 400 5,100 4,900 6,000 5,000 10,500 1,000 8,000 5,000 5,000 4,256 1,200 3,300 15,000 4,500 2,000 1,435 21,000 1,700 2,.500 3,500 1,000 10,00:J 11,000 11.2 36.0 0.0 24.Q 16.0 17.1 12.8 32.7 21.5 21.8 0.0 42.0 0.0 30.0 7.0 45.0 37.5 37.7 16.9 21.8 32.7 13.3 0.0 64.0 30.7 21.0 12.0 0.0 18.0 0.0 21.0 40.0 0.0 90.0 11.7 90.6 26.0 43.2 c3 18.3 12.0 16.5 21.6 21.6 19.7 10.0 25.4 37.6 18.6 24.0 33.4 25.1 7.1 14.4 30.8 36.0 50.4 33.8 > o Si ft >, 1 ~i 6 4 "i 2 1 1 3 2 2 BULLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. 6l meteoroloirical Summary for :Morlli Carolina, July, 1892. Furnifthed by Ibe North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and State Weather Service. H. B. BATTLr, Ph. D., Director. C. F. von Herrmann, Meteorologist. STATIONS. Asheville Bakeisville Charlotte Chapel Hill Douglas Boone Columbus Kitty Hawk Littleton. Newbern Lenoir Morgan ton Mount Airy Oak Ridge Pittsboro Raleigh Southport Southern Pines Salisbury Weldon Tarboio Wilmington TEMPERATURE (Degrees Fahr). a BU LLETIN OF THE NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF HEALTH. Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, at Raleigh, N. C. SUBSCRIPTION FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. H. T. Bahnson, M. D., /'r^j., .Salem. J. H. Tucker, M. D., Henderson. J. A. Hodges, M. D., Fayetteville. S. Westray Battle, M. D.,. ..Asheville. W. H. Harrell, M. D Williamston. Geo. Gillett Thomas, M. D., Wilmington. Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill. J. L. Ludlow, C. E., . ... Winston. Richard H. Lewis, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer, Raleigh. Entered at the post-office at Raleigh, N. C., as second-class mail matter. Vol. VII. SEPTEMBER, 1892. No. 6. Ln the August issue of the Bulletin a slip was inserted announcing the action of the Board at a called meeting held August 7, in regard to the vacancies caused by the death of Dr. Thomas F. Wood. Dr. Geo. Gillett Thomas, of Wilmington, was elected as the new member of the Board, and Dr. Richard H. Lewis, of Raleigh, for several years a member of the Board, was elected as Secretary, The change required a removal of the affairs of the Board from Wilmington to Raleigh, and to avoid interference with the routine work, the new Secretary thought it advisable that the work be continued in Wilmington until the 1st of Octo-ber, thus giving him time to remove the effects of the Board and prepare himself for the work. All correspondents of the Board will please take notice that, from this date, all communi-cations should be addressed to Raleigh. The epidemic of Asiatic Cholera, which has almost reached the point of a pandemic, is still raging in Hamburg, and to a less extent in several other European cities, though the num-ber of cases and deaths reported in the press dispatches show that the disease is on the wane. The wave has traveled across the Atlantic, and is striving to ga!in an entrance into this country, upwards of twenty great steamships with thousands of immigrants coming from infected ports having been detained at the New York Quarantine. Thanks, however, to the great energy and eiificiency of the Quaran-tine officers of that port, the wave has struck a firm barrier, and while a fe |