Annual report of the North Carolina Department of Labor

              UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL
00033934191
This book may be kept out one month unless a recall
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-
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SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
(there was no sixth annual report)
Bureau of Labor Statistics
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B. R. LACY, Commissioner.
RALEIGH
:
JosEPHUs Daniels, State Printer.
PRESSES OF E. M. UZZELL.
1894.
SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
(there was no sixth annual report)
Bureau of Labor Statistics
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA,
FOR THE YEAR 1893.
B. R. LACY, Commissioner.
RALEIGH
:
JosEPHUs Daniels, State Printer.
PRESSES OF E. M. UZZELL.
1894.
\
CONTENTS.
Page.
Act Establishing Bureau iii
Introduction v
To the Public xii
Factories 1
Agricultural Statistics, etc. 17
Unsigned Letters 50
Miscellaneous -. 79
Views of Mechanical and Other Employers 88
Railroads 93
Organized Labor 97
Employment Bureau 127
Newspapers 131
H?
ACT ESTABLISHING BUREAU
The foUowiug is the Act estabhshing the P>ureau of Labor Sta-tistics
for North Carolina :
CHAPTER 113, LAWS 1887.
'
Sectiox 1. There shall be established in the Department of Agriculture, Immi-gration
and Statistics, a Bureau of Labor Statistics, which shall be under the
charge of a Commissioner of Labor Statistics, who shall be appointed by the Gov-ernor
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Commissioner of
Labor Statistics shall hold his office for two years, and until his successor shall be
appointed and qualified, unless sooner removed by the Governor for neglect of
duty or other legal cause, and shall receive a salary of fifteen hundred dollars a
year. The said Commissioner shall collect information upon the subject of labor,
its relation to capital, the hours of labor, the earnings of laboring men and
women; their educational, moral and financial condition and the best means of
promoting their mental, material, social and moral prosperity. The Commissioner
aforesaid shall have power to appoint a Chief Clerk to assist him in the perform-ance
of his duties, which Clerk shall receive a salary of nine hundre.d dollars a
year; he may also employ such other assistants as may be deemed by him necessary
for the collection and collation of the information hereinbefore referred to and
the general administration of his office: Prodded, that the total expense shall not
exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000) for the first two years and two thousand
dollars ($2,000) annually thereafter. During the necessary absence of the Com-missioner,
or if the office shall become vacant, the Chief Clerk shall perform the
duties of Commissioner. The Commissioner shall annually publish a report in
pamphlet form and send or cause to be sent a copy of the same to every newspaper
published in this State, a copy to each member of the General Assembly of North
Carolina, a copy to each of the several States and county officers of the State, a
copy to any citizen who may apply for the same either personally or by mail, and
one hundred copies to each of the several labor organizations which may be in
existence at the time of the publication of the reports, in this State. He shall
also make a full report to each session of the General Assembly of the information
collected and collated by him and containing such recommendations as he may
deem calculated to promote the efficiency of the Bureau. The Commissioner is
hereby directed to endeavor to obtain an accurate list of all the newspapers pub-lished
in the State, and whether the same be published daily or weekly, and to
/^ forward to each and all a copy of his report promptly upon its being published;
)
he is also directed to diligently inquire after the labor organizations of the State
^ and see that none are omitted in the distribution of the reports; he is further
directed to confine his labors to this State. The sum of three thousand dollars
"*^
($3,000) for the first year, two thousand dollars ($2,000) for the second year, and
>- two thousand dollars ($2,000) annuallv thereafter, are hereby appropriated. The
IV Act Establishing Bureau.
Commissioner when money is required for the use of his Bureau shall certify to
the Auditor the amount desired, and the Auditor shall thereupon draw his warrant
upon the Treasurer for the same. The Commissioner shall disburse all money
used by the Bureau.
Sec. 2. The Governor is authorized and directed to nominate, within ten days
after the ratification of this act, a proper person as Commissioner and send his
name to the Senate for confirmation. If the Senate shall fail to confirm his nomi-nee,
the Governor shall continue to nominate one after another until the Senate
shall confirm some one of his nominees.
Sec. 3. That this act shall be in force from and after its ratification.
In the General Assembly read three times, and ratified this the 28th day of
February, A. D. 1887.
NTRODUCTION
To His Excellency, Elias C'arr,
Governor of North, Carolina,
Dear Sir:—Accordiug to law it is my duty, as CommissioLier of
Labor Statistics, to make an annual report, which I have the honor
herewith to submit to you.
At your solicitation I entered on the duties of the office, and
took charge of it on the 4th of March in the present year, since
which date I have given it my whole time and best endeavor.
As I have devoted my life to work with my hands, it was like
learning a new trade to begin as a statistician. The report of labor
statistics for the State of North Carolina is sadly incomplete, but con-sidering
my inexperience, and especially the smallness of the appro-priation,
which necessitated meagre and insufficient responses from
all departments of labor in the State, I have gotten out as full a
report as could be done under the circumstances, though not as
complete as the one I shall be able to issue for the year 1894.
Another reason why the report is not as thorough as I had hoped
to make it was the sickness and death of my Clerk, Mr. W. AV.
Hall, of Weldon. This sad occurrence, at the very time when I
was most busily engaged, disarranged the work and cast a gloom
over the office. In the loss of Mr. Hall I have not only 1)een
deprived of an efficient assistant, but of one who had greatly
endeared himself to me by his many noble traits of character. He
had given his entire attention to the work with great energy and
vigor. He was patriotic and devoted to the welfare of North Caro-lina,
and intelligent in his service for the State. He was one of
the purest of men, and impressed every one who came in contact
with him by his gentle manners and kindly disposition.
Mr. Logan D. Terrell, of Wake, has been appointed Clerk in Mr.
Hall's place, and entering on his duties when he did has done
remarkably well. This report is largely due to his hard and faith-ful
work.
VI Introduction.
The subject of labor statistics is fast coming to the front, and the
importance of the subject is empliasized by the fact tliat l)ureaiis
have been established in nearly every foreign country, and in
thirty-two of the forty-four States of the American Union. If
these statistics are accurately compiled from year to year, they give
to the Executive Department a clear view of the condition and
success of the laboring classes, by far the larger part of the popu-lation,
and to the intelligent legislator a good opportunity to study
and know the wants of the very people who, on account of their
inability to help themselves, need any and all legislation that can
accrue to their benefit. Thus the Governor can recommend and
the Legislature can enact such laws as may relieve their burdens,
promote their prosperity and the welfare of the State.
The main difficulty in the operation of this Bureau, and conse-quently
in the preparation of this report, is that the appropriation
is so small it is not at all commensurate with the work to be done.
To make a thorough and accurate record of the labor statistics of
the State the Commissioner or a deputy should visit every county
in it—certainly every county whose industries are worthy of inspec-tion
and enumeration. It may be asked, cannot these facts be
ascertained by correspondence and tlae use of blanks? I reply,
they cannot, as this report, and as all the reports of this Bureau will
show. Every State in the Union where these Bureaus are estab-lished
has tried, as we have, to obtain complete and accurate sta-tistics
by sending out blank questions by mail. In every instance
this plan has failed; and they now secure information by send-ing
agents instead.
In further confirmation let me add that Colonel Carroll D. Wright,
United States Commissioner of Labor, the highest authority on this
subject in this country, and one of the first labor statisticians in the
world, recently told me that he had entirely stopped sending blanks
through the mails, as it was impossible to get accurate returns, but
now sent agents. This is the testimony of an expert. The effi-cient
manner in which he discharged his duties is attested by the fact
that he has lately had the Census placed under his control.
North Carolina appropriates $2,000; New York, $25,000; Massa-chusetts,
in all, about $16,000; Minnesota, $13,500, and lUinois,
Introduction. vii
$10,500. None of the uppropriatious, I think, are under $7,000.
If this State eannot afford to make the Bureau a real good—
a
positive benefit to the commonwealth—it would be better tliat it
be abolished. It cannot be made a success on $2,000 per year. To
abolish it, however, would certainly be, in the words of Colonel
Wright, " a big step backward, and a great misfortune to the State"
;
yet it had better be given up than to have hardly one-fourth accom-plished
what might be done under a wise administration of that
ofRce.
But in this connection let me say I do not think any people have
done better in answering the questions sent out from this Bureau
than our people in North Carolina; yet while about thirty per cent,
answer, we want one hundred per cent. Besides, is it likely that
a man will answer who is not treating his fellow-man as he should?
And further, is it a just and true statement of the wages and wants
of the labor in the whole State that is summarized from the reports
made in response to inquiries? Is it a safe calculation of the whole
that can be made from those who are willing to have the light
turned on? There has been, moreover, a decided improvement in
the readiness to answer the blanks from the office, judging from
previous reports. For example, I do not think ten per cent, of the
cotton manufacturers ever answered before, while this year about
forty-three per cent, have answered.
It must not be forgotten that it has been a year of unusual finan-cial
stringency, that many who had their capital invested in manu-factories
and mills have felt that they could not make a fair show-ing,
and, thoroughly disheartened, did not therefore wish to make
reports ; that some have shut down, and others have done but
half work, and have been compelled to reduce expenses. This
may account in some measure for the failure to respond to the
inquiries of the Bureau ; in their misfortune the State sutlers, and
the intelligent sympathy of the State and wisely directed legislative
aid might have been theirs, and should have been theirs, had they
been willing to tell the story of their trials. But there are those
who seem to think that it is not for the State to know the condi-tions
and needs of those who are in their service, and utterly dis-regard
the blanks, and the inquiries of the Bureau.
Note.—The per cent, of manufacturers answering blanks sent out from this office should be
thirty-nine instead of forty-three, as above stated.
VIII Introductiox.
The purpose of those inquiries, which represent a great deal of
study and thought, and are not as radical and sweeping as those of
the Bureaus of other States, is to gain accurate information, to the
end that justice may be done both to the capitalist and the wage-earner,
that the rights may be protected both of the laborer and
his employer. Skill and toil and muscle and blood and humanity
should be shielded and guarded by the law as truly as money and
brains and property. The safety of the workingman is the safety
and success of the capitalist.
General Francis A. Walker, in his speech before the International
Institute of Statisticians, congratulated America on the fact that
the manufactories had met the Bureaus over half way. It may be
so in the Northern States, but in North Carolina they have been
the ones who liave given the Bureau the cold shoulder, and have
treated the blanks with dignilied silence. In Connecticut the Com-missioner
probed deeper and asked the most searching questions
that were ever asked. The o})inion was abroad in the land, freely
expressed and widely believed, that wages were not in proportion
to the profits. The Commissioner presented the matter to the
manufacturers. They laid their books open to him. Not a secret
reposed in him was ever betrayed. But the effect of these efforts
was that friction was allayed, confidence was restored, and there
was almost a total stoppage of strikes.
Not having any provision for traveling expenses, I have only
been able to visit a few mills. I have been surprised and delighted
at the happy, healthy and honest faces that the operatives wear. I
was also gratified to find the mordle of the working force so high,
and to know that some superintendents, while they were making
money for their stockholders, were not negligent of the moral and
intellectual as well as physical welfare of their people. Most of
the mills work eleven and one half hours a day.
The cotton and woolen operatives are not the class of labor who
are worse oft' or who need the most sympathy. The people who are
decidedly the most poorly paid are those engaged in farm labor, not-withstand'ng
the extras received by them (such as house rent, wood,
fruit, garden lots and yards for poultry and pigs), which are either for-gotten
or made little of by the political demagogue. The worst of their
Introduction. ix
situation is that there can be for them no increase in wages, for the
farm hiborer is getting all that it is possible to pay him at the
present prices of crops, and is receiving no 'less than he did when
cotton was selling at nine cents a pound. Let me here say the
farmers have generally responded to all letters and inquiries very
fully and readily.
The chapter on organized labor will give a good many of our
people a better insight into the reason why so many have banded
themselves together into these societies. I know most of the writers,
and can vouch for their being good citizens and sincere and true
men, who "know whereof they speak," and would not say or write
what they did not think to be true. If there is too prominent a
part given to this subject, please remember that they are the only
people who have met me more than half way.
The \s.\f (chapter 113, Laws of 1887) requires the Commissioner
to send each labor order one hundred copies. I have not only
obtained the addresses of all I could hear of, but have secured a
census of those who belong to these orders, and so the statistics
given are not guess-work, but authentic and accurate numbers.
There are in these orders in North Carolina 18,200, divided among
the following organizations, viz.: Brotherhood of Locomotive Engi-neers,
Order of Railway Conductors, Typographical Unions, Order
of Railway Telegraphers, Machinists' Unions, Switchmen's Mutual
Aid Association, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Farmers'
Alliance. Under the head of each order will be found their strength,
their object, and what they claim to have accomplished. In many
cases I know from personal knowledge that these statements are cor-rect.
The letters written by active, enthusiastic members are written,
for the most part, by men whom I know personally, and I heartily
vouch for their honesty and sincerity. The Brotherhood of Loco-motive
Engineers report that of their membership one hundred
per cent, can read and.write; so, too, report the Order of Railway
Conductors, Order of Railway Telegraphers, and the Typographical
Unions. There is an association entirely of the nature of an insur-ance
society, known as the Raleigh & Gaston Railroad Relief Asso-ciation.
It is composed of the employees of the road, though it
does not require a member to resign if he severs his connection with
Introduction.
the road. It provides really a "burial fund." It numbers one
hundred and forty-five, and at the death of any member each one
pays one dollar and the society twenty-five dollars to the executor.
It also pays a sick benefit of three dollars per week to any who are
sick or disabled in any way. The initiation fee is one dollar, and
the monthly dues twenty-five cents. These figures seem small, but
the Association has done great good at a time of sore distress to
many whose wages were small. For, besides the grief at the loss
of a dear one, the question of how the funeral expenses are to be
met will force itself on the mind, and add to the pain of the
almost breaking heart. Few organizations have accomplished so
much of real relief with such few numbers and limited resources.
Let me here say that the great railroad corporations, so often
called "soulless," are paying better wages than private enterprises,
and that they also employ a good many men who are old, at light
work and fair pay.
The law also requires the Bureau to keep a correct list of the
newspapers of the State and send a pamphlet copy of the report to
each. I have tried to go a step further and find out other desira-ble
information about the jDress, which will be found under that
head. Among other things, I sought to ascertain the character,
religious or political ; whether issued daily, weekly or monthly, the
day issued, advertising rates and price of subscription, and other
matters which I thought would be beneficial to the papers them-selves,
as well as useful to the Bureau.
It was the remark of a great historian that in writing the history
of his country it was his purpose to chronicle impartially the story
of prince and people ; but only the prince made history. This is
the difficulty in our own times. The people, their needs and ser-vices,
are unknown and unrecorded. Capital has its organs and
can demand a hearing. Brain and toil, too, have their rights that
should be proclaimed and protected. So the work of this Bureau
is largely educational, to gather with diligence and painstaking
care the facts relative to labor, the number, needs, wages and cir-cumstances
of the great majority of our people and to enlighten
the public as to these things. Thus the State may learn its
Intuoductiox. XI
resources, not of iield and forest and mine only, but of strong
hearts- and willing hands and loyal, devoted sons of toil.
In presenting the report laid before your Excellency I beg to
add that as a laboring man myself I have striven with intelligent
S3'mpathy to seek and further the interests of workingmen, and as
a devoted son of North Carolina to seek the truest welfare of my
native State.
The more I have striven to learn the needs of the bone and sinew
of the State the better have I known the true worth of the people.
It should be, and it may be, one of the happy results of this Bureau
that each may know others better, and the character of our citizen-ship
as well as the glory of our history and the vastness and variety
of our resources will be a matter of State pride and rejoicing.
I have the honor to be,
Very respectfully yours,
B. R. LACY, Commissioner.
Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Raleigh, December 1, 1893.
TO THE PUBLIC.
The following extract from an article written for The Engineer-ing
Magazine for November, 1893, entitled " The Value and Influ-ence
of Labor Statistics," is most earnestly and heartily recom-mended
to every person who is in any way interested in the labor
problem. It is by Colonel C. I). Wright, United States Commis-sioner
of Labor, he being by all odds the best informed man in the
world on this subject. He was first Commissioner of Massachusetts,
and has devoted twenty years of his life to this work, and, report
says, at a decided sacrifice pecuniarily:
THE VALUE AND INFLUENCE OF LABOR STATISTICS.
BY CARROLL D. WRKiHT.
Tliere are now in the United States, besides the National Department of Labor,
thirty-two State Bureaus or departments devoted to the collection of statistics of
labor by means of original investigations. Besides, the Federal Census Office, the .
Bureaus of Statistics of the Federal Department of State and the Treasury Depart-ment,
the State and Federal Departments of Agriculture, and various other offices
may be considered as publishing labor statistics in part. But I speak here of the
value and influence of those offices first mentioned,—those devoted specifically
and technically to the investigation of social and industrial conditions and to the
publication of distinctive labor statistics. These offices had their foundation in
the establishment of the Massachusetts Bureau in 1869. Gradually other States
created Bureaus of Statistics of Labor, and in 188-t the United States government
added its own office to those already in existence. All the offices, together, have
published nearly two hundred octavo volumes, covering a great variety of topics
and the results of investigations relative to almost every condition and environ-ment
of the workingman.
The character of the work of the different offices varies in some degree, due to
a considerable extent to the short tenure of the heads of the diff"erent Bureaus.
Where the Governor of a State has allowed himself to ignore politics and insist
upon scientific work, the Bureaus have achieved the greatest success; but as a
rule a Governor feels that the office of the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor
of his State must be filled by somebody from his party, without reference to the
skill, the experience, or the integrity of the incumbent under the previous admin-istration.
Yet I am glad to say, as the result of pretty careful study of the reports
of all the officials who have done duty in this country during the past twenty-four
To Till-: Pi;i5Lic'. XIII
years, that no matter foi- what reason they were ai)pointe(], no matter how inex-perienced
in tlie work of investigation and compilation and presentation of statis-tical
matter, no matter from wliat party they came, and whether in sympathy with
capital or with labor, and even if holding fairly radical socialistic views—the
men have, almost without exception, at once comprehended the sacredness of the
duty assigned them, and have served the public faithfully and honestly, being
content to collect and publish facts without regard to their individual bias or
their individual political sentiments. As soon as a man realizes that he is giving
to the world a fact, he feels the necessity of accuracy, and that to distort the
information collected would be to commit a crime worse than any ordinary lying,
because it Avould mislead legislators and others and fix a falsehood in the history
of the State. Many men, too, have come into the work of the statistical Bureaus
feeling that they could use them as the means of propagandism in some way, and
in a few cases this has been attempted, but almost always with failure, because
Bureaus are looked to to furnish information relative to actual conditions sur-rounding
industry.
That what I have said is true is emphatically illustrated by other countries
following the example of the American States. France, Belgium, some of the
German States, England, New Zealand, and some of the Scandinavian countries
have already established Bureaus or departments following in their duties very
closely those assigned by law to the American Bureaus and departments. A dis-tinguished
member of the House of Commons of England told me a few years
ago that, whenever he wished to lay any facts relative to workingmen before his
colleagues, he always had to carry into the House a copy of some American i-eport
on the statistics of labor. In the Chamber of Deputies of France, in the German
Reichstag, and in the legislative bodies of other countries the American labor
reports have been freely used in the economic discussions of the past ten or fifteen
years. Had the American offices been failures these things would not have
occurred. It is true, of course, that the sentiment of the times is largely condu-cive
to the successful operations of Bureaus of Statistics of Labor. The general
attention paid to social and industrial conditions and all conditions affecting the
environment of men has fitted the soil for statistical seed. The altruistic spirit
of this age calls for accurate infoi-mation, that it may know how best to expend
its efforts and not dissipate its energy. The question is constantly being asked :
"What do social classes owe to each other?" and that any one class may not be
deceived in the nature or magnitude of its debt it must turn to statistics to ascer-tain
the true situation.
The question is often asked, and by very intelligent ])eople: Of what good is a
Bureau of Statistics of Labor? Does the woi-kingman secure any direct benefits
from its existence? This question cannot be answered very specifically, any more
than could one asking for the direct benefits of the public school. It would be a
difficult process to show how a dollar more is made to enter the pockets of the
working people through the existence of the public schools, or any other educa-tional
institution, and yet all men will admit that the sum of benefits is largely
increased by the existence of schools. Personally, I have always contended that
the Bureau of Statistics of Labor, wherever it exists, is simply a part of the educa-tional
niachinerv established bv the communitv through which it is enabled to
XIV To THE Public
know more of itself. "Know thyself" is an injunction wliich should be applied
to communities as well as to individuals, and it is only through rigid, imijartial
and fearless investigations that any connnunity can know itself in many directions.
Notwithstanding this general view of the educational influence of the offices I am
considering, very many instances of their specific influence can be cited. These
instances, I must for purposes of convenience, draw largely from those which
have come under my own observation or within my knowledge, for to enter upon
a research of all the influences wliich have come in direct ways from the services
of all the oflSces in existence in this country would take me too fnv afield.
One of the first results that I remember, as being traceable to a published report,
related to the tenement-house system of the city of Boston. In the second, third-,
and fourth reports of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor there were
many facts showing the condition of the tenement-houses in the city named. The
public was fully apprised of the misery that existed in them, resulting from bad
conditions, ill construction, and all that tended to make tenement-house life an
evil. Public attention was aroused through these publications, better laws were
framed and passed, and a public sentiment created which crystallized in a reform
movement having for its purpose the improvement of tenement-houses in Boston.
Some of the worst places were improved, and the impetus then given is still active,
as is shown by the existence of societies in that city and tlieir influence in secur-ing
from the Legislature two years ago an appropriation to enable the Bureau in
that State to make a very exhaustive investigation covering every tenement of
whatever grade in the city of Boston.
The Bureaus everywhere, whenever conditions warranted it, have investigated
the subject of child labor and shown to the public all the facts connected with
such employment, the evils it entailed upon the community, and the methods
which could be resorted to for its reduction, and everywhere, too, the results have
been beneficial. If the Bureaus had never- accom2:)lished anything else than the
marked reduction in the number of young children—those under ten years of age
—
who are employed in factories and workshops, they would have amply repaid the
public for its expenditure in their equipment and support.
The publication of information relative to the inspection of factories and work-shops
in England and other countries, together with statistics showing the necessity
for such inspection in this country, has led in several States to the establishment of
boards of factory inspectors. These boards have committed to theni the execu-tion
of all laws providing in any way for the benefit of those who have to work in
any kind of productive establishments. These inspectors enforce the laws con-cerning
the hours of labor, the employment of women and children, the guarding
of machinery so that the operatives may be more free from accidents, and in all
ways undertake the enforcement of all laws of the character specified. Through
these efforts (and they were largely induced by the reports of labor statistics) child
labor has decreased, accidents have been reduced in number and severity, the
hours of labor have been shortened and recognized, and so all along that line of
facts the influence of the reports of the offices we are considering has been enor-mous;
the value of their statistics cannot be expressed by figures.
The first ten-hour law in this country was passed by the Massachusetts Legisla-ture
in 1874. The statistics published by the Bureau of that State helped the
To THE Public. xv
pa^-aoe of the law in a luarked degree, and they saved its repeal in later years.
The manufacturers, tinding that they were brought under the ten-hour law so far
as minors and women were concerned, felt that the manufacturers m surrounding
States oucrht to be brought under like laws or else the law of Massachusetts should
be repealed for thev claimed, as the claim was made in England years ago, that
in workino- under a\en-hour law the manufacturers of Massachusetts were placed
at a decided disadvantage relative to the manufacturers in the surrounding States;
so the Leoislature directed the Bureau of Statistics of Labor to investigate the subject
of the hours of labor in that State and in the other New England States. The
result of the investigation showed that, working under a ten-hour system, the
Massachusetts manufacturers paid more wages than those in the other States
where eleven and twelve hours were the rule; that they produced more goods on
any basis that could be named, whether individually or per machine; and that
in 'every respect the Massachusetts operatives were under better conditions than
those of the surrounding States. There has been no attempt since that report was
published to repeal the ten-hour law of Massachusetts. On the other hand, other
States have followed suit, until now that system prevails almost generally in the
United States. .
The Bureaus have been very influential in securing a modification ot the old
common law rule relating to the liability of employers for accidents occurring to
their employees. Under this rule a workman cannot recover damages for injuries
received through the carelessness or negligence of a co-employee, although a
stranger might recover damages for an injury following the same carelessness or
negligence, as, for instance, under the old common law rule, a brakeman on a
trahrrunning perhaps 500 miles could secure no damages from a railroad corpora-tion
in consequence of injuries received through the carelessness or negligence of
a switchman along any part of the line, although the brakeman knew nothing of
the switchman, had no knowledge of his skill or capacity when he engaged with
the company, and in no sense of the word, so far as reason is concerned, could be
considered the co-emplovee of the switchman; yet, as that common law rule grew
up before great industrial enterprises were established. Judges had projected it
and had ruled that in such a case as that just mentioned the switchman and the
brakeman were co-employees, and therefore the employer could not be held liable.
The agitation for a legislative change in this common law rule in England resulted
in the^'enactment of a law in 1880 changing or modifying the rule, and, in this
countrv, the matter being taking up by Bureaus of Statistics of Labor, several
Leoislatures have been convinced of the justice of a change, and have therefore
matle it; the dire results which were predicted as sure to follow the change of the
rule have not followed. In this direction the Bureaus have done a great seiwice,
not only to the employees of railroads and corporations engaged in productive
industry, but in securing the public against the employment of incompetent men.
Another very emphatic influence which the Bureaus have exercised is in the
abolishment or modification of what is known as the "truck-store" system, or,
as it is more popularly known in some parts of the country, the "pluck-me"
method of store trading. This system consists in the establishment of a store by
the proprietors of a works for the supply of its employees. Formerly the prices
charged at these stores were much Jiigher than those charged at other places, and
XVI To THE Public.
so the employee of a concern having a truck-store was ahnost compelled, and in
many instances actually compelled, to purchase the necessaries of life for his
family at an exorbitant price, whereby the employer made a second profit on the
labor of the employee. In very many instances the workmen of such an estab-lishment
never saw any money from one year's end to another. The pay for the
goods purchased in the store was secured by the pay-rolls, and the debts and credits
left no margin on pay day. Early in the existence of Bureaus of Statistics of
Labor this system was attacked through the statistical method, and the result has
been that in very many States laws have been passed making it a criminal offense,
in some eases, to carry on such a system, and in other cases making it the duty of
the proper officers to see to it that they are regulated. The evils of the truck-store
system have not yet been entirely eradicated in this country, but the change
during the last fifteen years has been great, and the value to the wage-receiver of
the greatest importance.
In this connection I might mention the influence wiiich the Bureaus have had
in securing more frequent payments for the workinginan. Formerly the payments
were monthly. Under this system the credit system grew also, because without
ready money the wage-receiver must secure credit of his grocer, and the grocer,
under such circumstances, looks out that the charges are sufficient to cover the
delay in receiving his money or the losses which may come through his endeavors
later on to collect the amount of his bill of the employer through the trustee or
the garnishee system. Weekly payments have been shown by various Bureaus to
be beneficial in eradicating some of the evils of the credit system.
In some of the Western States there have grown up during the past few years
some of the most rascally practices on the credulity of the workingman that have
ever been known. They are robberies of the meanest sort, for they not only rob
a man of his money, but in many instances of his manhood. The practice I refer
to is that of a certain class of employmentroffices, located usually in the rear of
some beer saloon, which advertise that a large number of men are wanted for
labor in a certain city, but almost always at a distance. In a Western city one of
these offices advertised for one thousand men to proceed immediately to Wash-ington,
D. C, wiiere employment would be furnished at one dollar per day. Hun-dreds
of men I'esponded to this advertisement. They were obliged to pay down
three or four dollars, as the case might be or as the rascality of the manager
might demand, and then the men were put off by various excuses for several
days until they began to clamor for their contract. When they became too
demonstrative the manager would pay back a part of the sum advanced, for the
sake of integrity. Meantime, however, these hundreds of men, loafing about his
beer saloon, had expended more or less money for beer, in addition to the fee
paid for the supposed employment. In one city an advertisement appeared for a
large number of men to be shij^ped to Iowa, while in Iowa an advertisement
appeared for a large number of men to be shipped to the very place of the first
call. The Bureaus in some of the States where such practices have been carried
on have collected the information relative to these offices, and have exposed the
swindle perpetrated upon the wage-receiver. Much good is being derived from
these reports, and it is confidently expected that, in addition to the laws already
passed, others of a more stringent nature will follow and the evil practice be
eradicated.
To THE Public. ^^'^'h
These instances of the direct influence and vahie of Bureaus of Statistics of
Lahor are sufficient, it seems to me, to prove beyond any question their right to
exist their right to the sympathy and support of the public, and their right to
ample equipment and means for carrying on their beneficent work. But they
have another otfice to perform, which is one of the leading offices of statistics m
everv direction and that is the correction of false impressions and the removal of
apprehension, and two or three instances of*this kind may perhaps be of service.
The statement is usuallv made by writers on the labor question from the capital-istic
point of view that the prosperity of the savings banks of the country repre-sents
absolutely the prosperity of the workingman; that the total amount of
savin-s in such banks clearlv indicates the prosperity of labor. I am not disposed to
questron this statement, so far as it applies as a principle, but I question the degree
of accuracv contained in it, for the investigations of the Massachusetts Bureau
have cleariv shown that only about one-half of the deposits in the savings banks
of that State, in which the savings bank institution has flourished for many years,
and prospered, too, belong to men and women engaged in manual labor or in the
toil necessarv to the production of goods. Such a fact, properly brought out, sim-ply
sets people's thoughts in the right direction, although it does not disprove the
sentiment underlving the erroneous statements regarding the conditions involved-
CHAPTER
FACTORIES.
This chapter is made u}) of the statistics gathered from facto-ries,
both the emi)loyer and the employee, and from replies to
inquiries made in Circular-letter No. 1. These inquiries were sent
to factorymen in every part of tlie State, to both mill owner and
laborer, without discrimination.
The following is a copy of Circular No. 1, for factories. The
questions will appear in heading of Table No. 1 :
[drcaUtr-letter Xo. 1.]
XoRTH Carolina Bl'reau of Labor Statistics,
Raleigh, March 15, 1893.
Dear Sir :—The statute establishing the Bureau of Labor Statistics (chapter llo,
Laws of 1887) makes it the duty of the Commissioner of Labor Statistics to
"collect statistics upon the subject of labor; its relations to capital; the hours of
labor; the earnings of laboring men and women; their educational, moral and
iinaneial condition, and the best means of promoting their mental, material, social
and moral prosperity."
These statistics are for the information of the people of the State generally, but
especially to aid the General Assembly in correcting any evils that may exist to
the injury of either capital or labor, and in ameliorating the condition of the
working people, so far as these purposes can be attained by intelligent legislation.
Owing to the small appropriation at the command of the Buieau the desired
information must be largely obtained through correspondence with people of all
callings in every part of the State. It is not the intention of the Bureau, however,
to publish statistics relating to the business of individuals, but from the returns
received to collate, tabulate and publish information of a general nature relating
to the subjects included within the language of the act. The names of those
furnishing information will in no instance be made public, neither will the facts
obtained from them be used to the injury of any person or business.
Will you kindly aid in this important work by answering the accomj^anying
questions, and return them to the Bureau in the inclosed prepaid envelope at
your earliest convenience? In return, the Commissioner will take pleasure in
furnishing you at any time with such statistics in his possession as may be of
service to you.
Will be pleased to have any suggestions that may occur to you relative to the
needs of the working people, and what, in your opinion, would benefit them;
also state what you think would advance the work of this Bureau and increase its
usefulness.
North Carolina Labor Statistics.
If you cannot answer the questions please hand them to some one who will,
and you will greatly oblige,
Yours respectfully, B. R. LACY,
Coinmissio)ier.
The following table will give, according to the most accurate
reports we could obtain, the number of cotton and woolen mills
heard from since the work of this report began. While from other
sources w^e have been informed that there are 160 cotton and 15
woolen mills in North Carolina (we are not responsible for accu-racy),
we were only successful in receiving replies from 39J per
cent, of the cotton and 20 per cent, of the woolen mills, and of
those there are in operation 234,491 spindles and 6,146 looms.
This meagre information was obtained by continually mailing and
re-mailing our blanks to them—employer and employee.
The above shows the utter uselessness of attempting to do this
work through the mails.
North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No. 1
—
Showing Class of Goods Manu-
CouNTiEs.—Class of Goods
Manufactured.
Alamance.
Cotton 280
Cotton i
3600
Cotton
Cotton
Cotton
Cotton
Cotton
AVoolen
Alexander.
Tobacco
Ashe.
Wagons
Buncombe.
Flour Mill
Cigars
Coal and Wood
Machine Shop
Woolen Mill
Cotton Mill ; 84481 400
Broom Factory
Sash Factory
Burke.
Tannery
Lumber
Cabarrus.
Cotton Mill
Cotton Mill I
10000
Cotton Gins, etc
Caldwell.
Cotton Mill
Leather
Carteret.
Fish Oil and Guano
Catawba.
Cotton Mill
Cotton Mill
Wagon Factorv
Saw Mill
Flouring Mill
Chatham.
Wagon
Chowan.
Saw Mill
Factories.
FACTORED, SpINDLEW, Lt)OM!S, HoURS OF WoRK, ETC.
OS
^ s
O-r-
'-* 't3 rc
;:^t3 a> 5 g i p g
St' s
\'^'$ 9\-^ ^\-^ S "«
O (t
'S o
; O G
c-^ IS P
bt
-^ ^ 'i? -3 i-"^ ^ S ! 5 S ; 'rl _ 3i S
o :2i '12;
c«s 1 c a
\< <1
fl Oj
^ ' ^^
o
Ok
i
^-^
Av'kly yes
w'kly yes
w'kly yes
Av'kly yes
w'klj- yes
w'kly yes
w'kly yes
w'kly ves
same , ' 2 o _
deer' d 80 30 50 yes
incr'd 40 15 25 yes
incr'd 20 5 15 yes
incr'd 40 15 25 yes
decr'd251015yes
2 1 lyes
incr'd 20 812 ves
irood
good
good
good
good
good
good
good
good yes no
good yes no
good yes no
good yes no
good yes no
good yes no
good yes no
good ves no
^or,:a- 'ji 7^ S
o, g^ !^ -2 o
cbTD *^ s ^
£ a:-
> S cS =S
G 2 .G i^- =4-1 c TT :^ X
"'' ^ ' a"; cs -1^ -d o >o ' G cS O CO nj
o ^ ^ cu i tf
2o^:=
u ,
5 a^:.2 S
0, "
rt 03 ! C
ftl
O)
no yes w'kly sup't lyes
no yes w'kly prop' ryes
no yes w'kly owner yes
no yes often sup't yes
no yes mthly ins co yes
yes yes
yes yes
lyes iyes
no yes
no lyes
no yes
ms CO yes
yes
ves
yes yes
yes yes
w'kly no same 12 8 4 yes good good yes no no yes lins co yes yes
q'r'ly yes same yes good good j-es no no
yes
w'kly
w'kly
w^'kly
w'klv
w'kly
s-m'th
w'kly
w'kly
w'kly
mthly
yes
yes
j^es
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
lyes
yes good good j-es no no yes w'kly sup't lyes
- yes igood
- yes ,good - —
- yes good
same ------ yes good good
same 13 2 11 yes good good
same --yes good
same no good
yes no
ves no
—;yes
L--iyes — yes
no yes
no yes
i—;ves
yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
same |
incr'd
yes
yes
mthly yes iincr'dU-w'kly
j'es same !--;
w'kh' same '--
yes
yes igood igood lyes no jno ,yes imthly ins co
yes Igood good yes no |no lyes Imthly lins co
ves '
' — - -- '^--l--
w'kly yes [same |10 4 6yes good good yes no no lyes
w'kly yes 'game !--,--;--yes j
[
1----! |---r---.
mthly lyes I ;--'no
ves decr'd 3 2 1 no good good 'yes no no 'yes
yes
yes
w'kly owner yes
w'kly jins co
w'kly yes same :12i 5 7 j-es good good lyes no no yes w'kly tins co
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
w'kly yes :
w'kly yes jsame
w'klv ves I
4: 4i--:yes
2 2l--yes
yes yes
w'kly yes Isame i--|----yes good
'
!
i I
!
'^
w'kly yes Isame -- L-i-.-lyes Igood
75 no J40
85 yes ;30
90 yes 45
30
35
30
30
40
lOOno
70|yes
65|yes
5o'yes 60
eoiyes
75lno
90 no
no ! 90 no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
95
60
45
North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
Counties.—Class of Goods
Manufactured.
?H o
2^
2?
o V.
CO c^-
v.?
G 'Z'^ ^
^^ ."S
2^-
aj ^ K^i
3 Qj
O X
.r:--C +j i)
S CD y c
to Si)
r^-li ^ a;
r^ •r' ''-'
< " S-H ^_3
^. os'
t: o ci =3
03 r^
o
btn-5
03 ,
S-'^
<
o S
b/j di
o3 —
-^.
Cleveland.
Cotton Mill 4025
Cotton Mill ' 884l_..
Cotton Mill
I
4224
Cotton Mill i 3000
Craven.
Machine Shop
Guano
Cumberland.
WoodeuAvare j
Cotton Mill ! 3056 62
Cotton Mill
j
3200 88
Currituck. '
Saw Mill i
j
Mattress 1 -_-_'
Davidson.
Plug Tobacco
Cotton Mill 3800 226
Davie.
Roller Mills:
Tobacco
Tobacco
Durham.
Cotton Mill
Cotton, Rope, Bag j 2000 20
Smoking Tobacco L . __^
Cotton : 5376 200
Edgecombe.
Carriage Factory
Knitting Mill--
Forsyth.
Foundry
Tobacco
Wagon Factory
Wood-work
Tobacco
Sash Factory '
Pipes and Earthenware-
Saw MiU
Flour Mill
Franklin.
Cotton Yarns : 650
Gaston.
Cotton Yarns 2000
Cotton Yarns ! 2000
290i
2481
282'
300
313
120
355
306i
312!
12 no
12 no
11 no
12 yes
10 yes
10 no
10 yes
12 ho
lUno
10 yes
10 ----
no bad
no bad
no bad
yes good
lyes good
no
yes good
no bad
no bad
yes
$1 00;$ 75$ 301
90! 70! 30!
90 70 30
1 50' 50 30
] 90
1 OOi
65$ 40
60 40
65 40
1:^ =?
<D' Qj '
03 03 a -i-^ c-all
all
all
65 40! all
all
all
1 40.
1 25
1 25
1 00
60
70
283
11 no
11?, no
no bad
no
150!
6400
250
300
250
313
300
yes-
10 yes
12 yes
10 no
11 yes
10 no
10 yes
10 -----
10 ----
no
no
yes 'good
1 00
1 25
1 50
75
701-
70!
75i
1 50 80 25 65
50
40
no
yes
no bad
no bad
no bad
1 301 60 25
1 25: 50! 25
1 35! 1 20' 25
1 25 60 25
75! 40
all
all
all
1 25
1
1 251 75i 50!-
300
292
240
305
365,
300
310
10 yes
11 yes
10 no
10 ----
10 yes
n yes
10 yes
10 yes
Hi yes
yes
yes
no
yes good
yes
no
yes good
yes good
275 11 no
300i
300!
11 no
12 ves
no bad
bad
ves
1 75
2 00
1 75
1 50
1 00
1 50
1 50
90
1 00
1 00
60 33
80
75
75
75
75;
75[
75!---
75i---
40i---
40
65l 60----J
50 30'
70' 50
70 40
all
all
all
all
-I
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
fi 33
J
The report of the Rocky Mount Mills was received after the above was in print. I visited these mills person-in
the United States, and I am sorr\' I conld not get this report in, though it would not have viaterially changed
Factokiks.
1—CoNTixrED.
! c3 5 h* k!
I'll
cs ^-^^
I
-
>-' S,l is
nithly yes same :20
mthlyiyes 'Same j 3
w'kly yes same Il5
w'kly 'yes same !--
mtlily yes incr'd
mthly !no isame
w'kly yes same
mthly yes same
daily 'j-es same
w'kly yes same
ves ^-
3
2 2
14 6
T3 O
10 yes good good
1 ves good good
8|yes [good
--[good
good
good
yes (good good
yes 'good
--'good good
-- yes jgood igood
8!ves 'good Igood
i"
_j good poor
w'kly yes same
w'kly yes same
w'kly yes same
w'klv i same
O H/ O
i^ "ii. <s
03 ?- >
03 -rs
Cl; Oj
K^
hfl cy
a ^
n a
.2'-2
o £>c
a ri
T^ ^ a = a
^ ^ ? ^ -^ g so -^.v-;=—;::-,;-
-I-. a cij
0; c;
. ^ . « s a
T3
5 s: rt 5 ^
0^ C3 -1^ 73
0^ b a ^
a)_a>
<. t-H
^ a "
'^
0--
0^ a .a a .a &
M
•'^ 03 Oi ^p. 5 P.S^ S
-< -^ !^
03 a «
a a "^^
h5 H
yes no no yes daily owner yes yes yes
yes jno no yes mthly
yes no no yes mthly owner yes yes yes
yes Ino no j'es mthly owner yes yes yes
yes jno no yes q'r'ly citj' yes yes yes
1 no yes daily e'g'nr yes
yes !no no yes no <mc
yes ;no no yes daily co yes iyes yes
yes :no no yes mthly owner yes no yes
yes yes no no
i no -
no no
85 yes 40
40
40 yes 45
60'-— 145
Wyes 60
90 yes 60
75 >'me45
90 s' me 60
50 no 60*
- - - yes 60
- _ no 60
no yes
---yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
no
yes yes no
yes yes yes
dail.y yes |incr'd,12 4 8 yes good fair
w'kiyiyes { J15i 5 lOiyes j
Av'kly 3'es same |-- iyes fair fair
w'kly yes same 1 5' 3' 2!yes 'good igood
bi-wk "no incr'd 7; 5] 2!yes 'good good iyes lyes not no yes yes
no yes yes yes
yes daily prop' ryes yes yes
I
8; 5i 3|yes 'good fair
s! 4 4!yes good good
11! 2! 9]yes good good
I 8i 51 3!yes Igood good
yes lyes no yes daily co yes yes yes
j no yes daily co yes yes yes
yes jno no yes daily sup't yes yes yes
yes ino no yes Idaily |co yes yes !
75 no 60
90 no 40
75 yes 60
90 no 60
90 no 60
75 no 30
40 no 30
90 yes 60
90 ves 30'
w'kly
I
same | L- --good good yes --
w'kiyiyes same I 6 2| 4|yes good |good !yes jno
w'kly yes
bi-wk yes
bi-wk yes
w'kly yes
bi-wk yes
bi-wk yes
bi-wk yes
w'kly yes
w'kly "yes
i
w'kly yes
incr'd -- --L-i |good [good yes no
same , 8: 3; 5iyes good Igood lyes no
same [----I 'good Igood lyes ino
same |--|--l good igood [yes [no
[decr'd] 1| li--yes good [good |yes ino
good igood j [
- - -
good [good yes I -
incr'd-- good fair yes no
w'kly yes same
bi-wk ives decr'd
2
i
I
(S 2 4
--yes w'kly owner yes yes yes 90 no 60
-jes w'kly owner j'es yes yes 90 no 30
no yes w'kly prop'ryes yes yes 80 yes 60
no yes daily prop'ryes yes yes 50 yes 60
no yes daily owner yes yes yes 75 yes 60
no yes q'r'ly owner yes yes yes 100 yes 60
no yes often [owner yes iyes yes \ 80 yes 60 — yes often lowner yes lyes yes 50yes 60 — yes often owner yes yes yes 75 yes 60 — yes often owner yes yes yes 60 yes 60 — yes often owner yes yes yes 35 yes CO
yes good good [yes no no no ves ves ves 100 ves 80
yes [good good iyes no no yes s-anly ins co yes no 75|no 45
50 no 45
ally, and they have no superior in the State. Without a doubt, Mr. Ruffin is one of the best cotton mill managers
what I have already written with reeard to mills. B. R L.
13' 5: 8!no fair ifair Ij'es iyes ---yes q'r'ly owner yes yes yes
North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
Counties—Class of < Joods; ~^
Manufactm-ed.
2800
6200
Gaston.
Cotton 1 2500i
Cotton Yarns 2880l
Spinning Mill
Cotton Yarns
Cotton Yarns
Cotton Yarns ! 12000i
Cotton 1 2080i
Cotton __.; 5000!
Guilford. I
Sash and Doors !
Shoes and Leather
)/ Furniture
Carding- and Spinning
Weaving
Cotton i 4000
Cotton - ! 1
Tiles and Fire-brick \
/Nursery
^Chairs
Ice Factory
Flour Mills
Halifax.
Knitting Mill
Knitting Mill
Haywood.
Telegraph Pine
Telegraph Pine .
Henderson.
Canned (roods
Hertford.
Saw Mill
Iredell.
Cotton
Cotton
Jackson.
Kaolin
Kaolin
Lincoln.
Cotton
Cannery
Lenoir.
Hosiery :
Martin.
"
Furniture
100
90
1152
4320
v/
112
84
8?
CO P
^ Xi
O V.
P !S5
03 ^
O 1^
'.-o^ -^
O OS
O- '
>-^ i, t-s
o
O is
' ^ :
OS 03
OS ? OS C
<1
a; =-
o a^
OS ^-
q; -is
33 a;
a.' c
5 15
cS —
n ^,s ^T3
OS +i !-,
a;
OS '^ S ^
305; 11 ino ,no bad $1 00 1 $ 40;|) 75$ 50
313! 12 yes
306 12 ves
300 11 no
305 12 no
310 12 no
300 1
1
1 no
280: 12 no
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
no bad
1 25
1 25
1 50
75 -
7o
120'
300:
300;
10 yes lyes good
10 I yes
I
yes good
yes
^
3111
3201
260|
313
200
10 lyes
12
I
yes
llJlyes
12 iyes
11 ; --
10 iyes
12 ----
12 ives-
10 iyes
10 lyes
200 10 yes
: 10 yes
200 10 lyes
lO iyes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
12 Ino no ! 1 00
200 1 11 iyes
290: 11
60| 10 Ives
250 10
301
280
12 |----
10 yes
10 jyes
10 ves
yes
no
no
no
yes
no
yes
bad
1 50
1 OO! 65
1 00^ 60
1 00 55
1 00
80
75
75
75
75
1 00
2 25
2 00
1 16
75
75
90
2 50
1 62
50
65
65
1 00
90
75
2 00
1 50
30
35
35
30
20
"lo 25
50 30
70
50
50
1
80
75:
50!
40 i
50:
40'
75
75
1 go:
45:
75!
all
all
all
40! all
50 all
.--jail
.--[all
^ all
all
all
all
---[all
---all
40' all
- all
---iall
--- all
.-- all
75:--- 45|
75
1
75
75
-Iall
.-[all
I
-Iall
-all
30 50
30---
40 all ---
50 50
50
65
50
50
1
40
60
35 80
--- 75
65
all
all
all
all
75
all
all
25
1—COXTINCED.
Factokies.
•J.
St
\
o
Have
wages
been
increas-ed
or
decreased
during
the
past
two
years?
Child'n
enq)rd
under
14.
Number
boys
employed.
Number
girls
employed.
Is
employment
regular?
Sanitary
condition
of
factory.
Sanitary
condition
of
em-ployees'
houses.
Are
necessary
conven-iences
provided
?
Are
improvements
needed?
Accidents
during
year.
Is
property
inspected?
How
often
is
property
inspected?
By
whom
is
property
inspected
?
a: , ,
>h
.5 2
.2 ^
<
>
2
>>o
53 61
S ^ .si
s a
« m
go
m
1—
1
GS
O)
"^
a>
g
bi-wk yes
bi-wk lyes
Av'kly yes
w'kly yes
w'kly yes
s-m'th yes
w'kly yes
w'kly yes
bi-wk jves
mthlv ves
decr'd 8
10
10
110
same ' 1
'2
4 4 yes good
7 3 yes good
6 4 no good
6j 4yes good
7! Fi VPS oTicir\
fair yes |no -no yes
good yes
good yes 110 no 'yes
good jyes ino luo yes
good VPS VPS 'no VPS
q'r'ly
w'kly sup't
daily ov'rs'r
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
80
75
100
50
90
90
50
100
90
100
75
90
90
90
yes
yes
no
no
s'ine
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
30
45
35
30
45
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
uicr'd
7j 2 5 yes good
201 18| 8 yes good
i ves crood
good
good
good
fair
yes yes no yes
yes ino no yes
yes no mo ves
45
30
45
fair
good
good
good
good
good
good
good
good
yes iyes Ino
i
1
yes 60
80
bi-wk ves fair
fair
trOOd
yco - -,
60
w'kly yes
wk'lv ves
-- - yes no no yes
VPS nn no vph
w'kly owner 45
45
w'kly yes
w'kly yes
w'kly yes
w'klv yes
20i 8
l\ 1
12:yes
2;yes
good yes no no lyes
good yes no ino yes
fair yes no no lyes
good ves nn \r\ri Ives
q'r'ly owner 30
incr'd - ~-
bi-wk ves i good good yes yes ---yes
;
bi-wk yes
ves
same
same
same
decr'd
same
35
2U
20
8
15 yes
12 yes
good
good
good
good
good
good
D-nnd
fair yes no no yes yes 100 60
bi-wk
w'kly yes
w'klv ves
fair ves nn nn vpa yes yes yes 100 no 60
'
w'kly yes
mthly no
mthlv ves
1
fair
fair
good
good
bad
----- --- —
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
50
50
75
90
no
60
60
,3 1 2 ves yes 45
mthly iyes
w'kly yes
4i 2! 2 ves Lannd
1 good
bi-wk yes
yes
yes
ves
same
same
same
same
16 9 7 VPS yes yes yes yes 90 yes 45
w'klv
. . , ^
good
good
yes
ves
no
no
no
no
no
60
w'kly
bi-wk
-- -- --yes
-- ves
yes
no
daily yes
yes
yes
yes
yes 90
100
yes
no
45
60
10 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
Counties.—Class of Goods ^
Manufactured. ^
c-«
oo
u
r/3 ;? — X'
O ?.
j:: 03
W I?--
o ><
T1 «
•r—
'
^
'^c-
C K^ o
02 >.
-g g I
pi
Oi ^ .h O r- ^ s-s ^ a>
c ;:^ Sti o so 03 ?r:
^ ;5
03
"2, 'CD r
Mecklenburg.
Wood-working
Cotton Mill 420
Sjioke and Handle
Furniture
Cotton Yarns (3448
Cotton Yarns .3500
Cotton Yarns 7920
/
Cotton Mill 100
Oil Mill
Pants ^
Machine Shop
Cotton Mill 5000--
MONTGOMERY.
Tannery
Moore.
Sash and Blind
Carriage Factory
New Hanover.
Machine Shop
Ironworks
Rice Mill ..
Pasquotank.
Saw Mill . ._
Carriage Factory i__
Cotton ' 900L-Shingle
Mill
Barrel Factory
Randolph.
Cotton 1800 --
Shirting and Yarns 1800
Cotton Mill 42401--
Cotton Mill 3936 --
Bags and Warps 2200
Cotton 11,500
Richmond.
Cotton Mill 2000
Cotton Mill 4512
Cotton Mill ,5900 300
Rockingham.
Wagon Factory
Smoking Tobacco
Cotton 6000" 300
Tobacco -
Woolen Goods 1 000 35
^- 10
290i lU
-.- 10
-- 10
300 10
280 12
304 12
---. 11
.--- 12
,300: 10
300 10
150----
yes no
no
yes yes
yes yes
yes yes
yes 'yes
no no
no no
no- no
yes
|no
yes
----i$l 40
275 no
10 yes yes
10 ves ves
200 10 no
313 10 no
12 no 110
no
yes
.300 10 yes yes
300 10 yes no
300 10 yes yes
200 10 yes ----
310 11 no no
290 11 J no no bad
310 lU----no .bad
310 lljyes iyes good
40
350
130
300 12 yes ves
288 lUyes yes
300 12 no no
.300 12 yes yes
300 11 yes yes
300 11 yes lyes
10 yes }^es
300 11 no no
280 10 yes no
2,30 10 ves no
278 11 ho no
good
1 10
1 25
1 75
65
90
2 00
1 25
1 75
1 75
Si S
1 10
1 50
1 25
2 75
2 50
1 33
1 25
1 50
1 15
1 50
1 93
75
90
1 00
1 00
85
80i
95
>T3
o 9<
0.' fl
til O)
: |a
o3 —
> CO
40
50
60
60
60
1 50 60
40
o3
^ CO [^ OQ
g 90;
75
75
75
55
50
80
85
1 00
1 00
75
75
75
75
75
1 00
1 00
1 00
25
75
1 00
751
75!
75
75
75
65
50
75
50
40
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
25 75
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
\\CTOKIES. 11
1—CoXTINTED.
S I o ^ S 53 - .5 S § "-S S -S & H. £ ^" cci ,.^ - « = = =^
K CxD K o ^ ^ ^' 'i rj <i 1^ ! -< , ^ ffi W K ^ < ?:: ^ H
^ .^
-o K^
-^^
n-,
u &i
<l 1—
1
w'kly yes yes good yes no no — .- .
,
bi-wk yes same -__-[— yes good fair yes jno no ! —| —
w'kly yes same yes good fair yes jno ino ' '
w'kly no decr'd yes good good yes no no —
w'kly yes same 8 6; 2yes good good 1 ,__.yes daily owneryes yes 60----4o
w'kly yes same 8 2 6 yes good good yes 'no no yes w'kly ins co yes yes yes 75ino 45
w'kly yes same 2 1; lyes good good j-es no no yes q'r'ly prop'ryes yes 100' 40
mthly yes isame 20;10il0yes :good good yes no no yes w'kly may' r yes yes yes 75'yes 45
w'kly yes same --yes good fair yes no no yes w'kly yes yes yes lOOyes 45
w'kly -- - same :--yes good yes ;no ino ;
,
w'kly yes same --_-j--iyes good { 1
!
!
''
1 —
bi-wk'- 14 (5 8 yes good fair yes | L__yes mthly no no yes lOOyes 45
yes same yes good fair yes
w'kly yes same yes good fair yes 1—
yes incr'd yes good good yes no no
w'kly yes incr'd yes bad good yes '—
w'kly yes incr'd yes good good yes no no
yes incr'd yes
w'kly yes incr'd yes good good yes no no
w'kly yes incr'di-- --:-- yes good good yes no no
w'kly yes incr'd 4: 2' 2yes good good yes no no yes q'r'ly ownerlyes yes 75no 45
w'kly yes incr'd yes good good j j
w'kly yes yes good <
yes same 4 2 2 yes good good yes no no yes owneryes no yes lOOyes 35
mthly yes same 7 3 4yes good good yes ino no
w'kly yes same 10 6 4 yes good good yes ino no yes s-anly ins co yes no yes lOOj'es 40
w'kly yes same 10 5 5yes good good yes yes q'r'lj^ insco yes no yes 90no 45
Av'kly yes same 9^ 7 2 yes good good yes no no yes q'r'ly insco yes no yes lOOyes 40
w'kly yes same yes good good yes no no yes q'r'ly insco yes yes no lOOyes 45
mthly yes jsame 7 4 3yes good fair yes Ino ino yes often no no no lOOno 45
mthly yes same 1110 lyes good fair yes no no yes often yes yes yes lOOyes 45
mthly yes same yes good fair yes no no yes often no' no no lOOno 60
s-m'thyes incr'd-- —:—jyes good yes no no 1 '"-', 1 —
w'kly yes same 8--1 8yes good good yes no no 1
! —
bi-wk yes same 60 30 30 yes good good yes no no yes daily owner no no yes 75 no 45
bi-wk yes same 30 20 10 yes good fair yes no no yes mthly insco'— 90 yes 45
bi-wk yes same good good yes no no yes yes yes yes lOOyes 45
12 North Cakolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
Counties.—Class of goods
Manufactured.
r
o
3 -IJ o 03
f ' <D
o c , ^ O i
Q, o
O >)
I
O C3
03 C^-
O ><
RowAX.
Foundry
Tobacco '-
—
Rutherford.
Rim Works-.
Stanly.
Flues :
Stokes.
Tobacco !
Tobacco
Tobacco
yaw Mill i
Surry.
Tobacco ,
Tobacco -..-.
j
Leaf Tobacco -.-—-—,
Cotton Mill ; 1200
Wake.
Tin and Sheet Iron 1
Publishers ' --
Cotton Mills 4700 168
14
313
312
275
300
130
180
150
100
240
200
136
275
300
Cotton Mills 2500
Hosiery Mills 6000
Foundry
Sash Factory :
yCar Company i
/Cabinet Factory i
Harness
Candv 1
Union.
"
Cotton Mills i
Cotton I 5000
Wayne.
Brick ,--
Tobacco i
Tannery !
1251
230
300
313
300
300
300
309
300
10 yes
10 yes
9
10
yes
no
no
yes
no
13 yes
14 ves
11 ho
10 yes
IH yes
yes
no
no
10 yes
10 yes
yes
*
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
210!
300l
]0 jyes
10 lyes
10 no
12 jyes
12 jyes
10 jyes
12 no
10 lyes
wood
yes
yes ;good
no
yes
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
bad
CO >.
> Hi
03 >>
bET3
rood
o3 G
>^ O
n 50
1 50
1 00
1 00
1 00
75!
70
50
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 35
2 25
2 00
50 25
50
50
1 00
50
60^
1 00
50'
2,51-
50
I 75
60
75
5t)
50
60
50
30
o J
03 rj
03.-.
> QE
be I be
03 1 03
vh o>-. :t(-i
'
02 .
1^ <^
03.
03
> CO — .- I-. 01
--Jail
40| all
...jail
.-'all
all
all
25
00
00
75 50
50
75
50
75
75
50
75
50
50]
501
25 25
30l all
40i all
40 all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
35
40
with the meagre returns it is impossible to be very accurate, but as near as can be approximated, there are between
A( TORIES. 13
1 CoXTIXlEl).
O
r- '»' ;r ' ^
a; ° a;
c ^; ^ aT ir
-£ ' Q 1 ;x
.:=:i & I o
,2 i hi
c3 J:^
o ;z; ^
o ^
O tJ !
<^ y
P ^'s-w'kly
yes same --
bi-wk yes same \25
i
w'kly yes same L-
13
a) >
-, a^ 1
G ^
— igood good )'es no no
12;yes igood good yes Ino no yes
--yes good poor yes Ino mo
daily yes same I yes good good |yes
mthly no deer' d 13 8 o'yes good good yes
l)i-wk yes |Same ;27 15;12yes good Igood yes
yes |Same :40[20|20yes good good yes
mthly !yes jsame i-_!__]__yes i
l)i-wk yes same 14i 8 6 yes good bad j
w'kly yes same 5U 2030 yes good good
bi-wk yes same ' 4j 2! 2,yes igood fair lyes
w'kly yes same i--i--i--yes igood fair ;yes
w'kly
w'kly
w'kly
w'kly
w'kly
w'klv
w'kly
yes |decr'd|-- --,-- yes
--- 'same |------yes
no
no
no
no yes
no yes
no
—'ves
'— yes
yes
w'kly
same
yes same
yes same
yes same
yes same
yes same
yes same --!--|--yes
yes same i-.-i--i .-yes
no same yes
-lyes igood good yes |no |no yes
-yes Igood good yes no no yes
-iyes jgood igood yes no no 3'es
--.yes
--iyes
--|yes good good yes no
good i
i
o ft
ffi
O m
^H =S w
OJ ^
0^
G t!
0)
Qj
1) T^
i-i
^ ' '^ a • ^
o ^' S
^ I 03 u3
cc ,—
:
a; - c ;=
,^ I
>-> O a^ S — q;
ftj-' '_s aj -:; C r " .:::
a)
; a;
.5 -G
'<
yes lOOyes 60
daily yes yes no 75 no 60
yes yes yes 100 no 60
i yes no no lOOno 30
ann'ly yes
ins CO yes yes i 100 no 60
yes yes lyes lOOyes 60
ann'lyiinsco yes yes yes 75 no 60
mthly ow'ers yes
often ow'ers yes
w'kly jow'ersyes
yes yes 75 yes 45
yes yes lOUyes |40
yes yes lOOiyes !45
w'kly yes 'same 13 8 5 yes good good yes
yes same 1641 5yes good Igood yes
w'kly yes same --'--u-'yes i
bi-wk same i30l20ll0!yes [good
mthly ves sanie ;yes 'good good lyes Ino 'no yes
no no yes q'r'ly insco yes 3-es 3'es
no ino yes I
i yes lyes yes
50 ves 45
90 yes 45
---; yes ! :---- lOOno 30
yes (daily ! yes iyes :yes lOOyes 16O
ves lyes ves 160
eight and nine th'ousand operatives in the one hundred and sixty cotton and fifteen woolen mills.
14 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
AVERAGE LIST
—
Showing the Average Workings of the Factories ix North
* Tobacco, Furniture, etc.,
COUNTIES.
CD
<V
'O
fi a o
Oh o crt W t-1
=4-1 =M Oh o o O
.- 220701364
!- ^ ^ , f- 5r-i5
; fi lz !
^ 03 C^.
^f*
o i; ^j
r, O CD >,
rn IS c^. ca^
lC
X5 cS
1,'^ rC rJ::'«
O 03 a <D
J^ Jji ~i
^ ^ '*-*
!^
275
200
300
300
313
3000il339'300
4000---- 300
86581 405
3000
12113
62561 150
3800 226
Alamance- --
Alexander --
Ashe
Buncombe --
Burke
Cabarrus - - -
Caldwell----
Carteret
Catawba
Chatham .-.
Chowan
Cleveland - - -
Craven
Cumberland
Currituck - - -
Davidson --.
Davie
Durham
Edgecombe -
Forsyth
Franklin 650j
Gaston I 366601 190
Guilford i 5380! 196
Halifax 1
Haywood
j Henderson !
Hertford
Iredell
Jackson
Lincoln
Lenoir
Martin
Mecklenburg-
Montgomery
-
Moore
New Hanover'
15376 240
1152
275
250
280
300
.306
283
150
275
313
290
275
305
300
200
200
11 yesyes
12 no no
11 no no
10 ivesno
10
I yes yes
11 no no
11 lyesj
10 'yesi
10 iyesiyes
10 lyesjyes
10 lyesjyes
12 no no
no
yes
no
yes
no
no
ves
good
bad
bad
10 ves
11
10 ves
11 no
11 yes
10 ves
10
10 yes
good
:good
jbad
ibad
i',
°=
<
II 00
1 00
1 50
1 ^5
75
1. 25
80
no
no
ves
43201
22868
--i200j
--290|
--i250!
--301
--1280
no
520
Pasquotank
-
Randolph
Richmond --
Rockingham
Rowan
Rutherford -
Stanly
Stokes
Surry
Union
Wake
900
15476
12412
7000
.300
275
303
300
300
444i290;
430:313
335 275
312
275
300
150
1200 14'250
5000 J275
13200 2931310
11 no
12 no
10 lyes
10 yesl"---
10 yes' yes
12 no no
11 vesves
11 ho
"
10 yes
11 yes
10 yes no
10 yes yes
11 no no
no i
10 yes! yes
10 :no no
10 yes no
II2 no no
11 yeSjyes
11 no ino
10 yes]---.
9 yes yes
10 no no
11 yes yes
11 no no
11 iyesjyes
10 lyeslyes
bad
igood
I
bad
|bad
good
Ibad
ibad
igood
igood
O oi o
cc >>
03 ,
^ s
% 75 ll 30
o '^
5 *-
O c
an Qj
03?
03 — t^ A -S
<D
I
c3 C i «-^
.S'^ s
Qj cc
.0 -Q
I
«t-i I cc
O
1 00
85
80
45
35
28!
50
1 25
1 50
70
70
I 25
25!
65:
43!
95:
90!
60
60
65
50
60
bad
85;
50--
75!
75
75!
30i
60
35
60
60
65
75!
651
75i
75
80
40
70
85
50
75
50
30
50
75
80'
bad
good
good
good
bad
1 25
90
00
50
00
00
00
00
25
50
40j
65
60
50!
35
all
all
25
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
50
all
all
all
50
all
all
all
all
all
50
all
all
all
all
all
751 all
--! 25
-. all
-.1^11
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
65
40
--;w'kly
--jw'klv
75; 1-
--iw'kly
--Iw'kly
--Iw'kly
--Iw'kly
- mthly
-- w'kly
-- w'klv
--iw'kly
--Iw'kly
--'mthly
-- w'klv
w'klV
w'kly
w'klv
-- w'klv
--w'kly
-- bi-wk
- - daily
-- w'kly
--bi-wk
--bi-wk
-- w'klv
--'w'klV
50 mthly
--imthly
--Iw'kly
-- w'klv'
-w'kly
-- bi-wk
--iw'kly
75
-- w'kly
-- w.'kly
--w'kly
--mthly
--mthly
--jbi-wk
--|W'kly
-_ w'kly
--daily
--Imthly
-- w'kly
--Iw'kly
-iw'kly
03^ 03
'' O
yes same
no Isame
yes{
yesIsame
yeslsame
yesisame
yeSj
yes!
[yesjsame
yesi
yesjsame
yesisame
yes same
yes same
yesisame
yesiincr'd
yesisame
yessame
yessame
yessame
yes
yes deer' d
lyes'incr'd
yes!
lyesisame
yessame
no decr'd
yesisame
yes[ -
yesjsame
yesisame
ves'same
yes
yes
yes
yes
I yes
same
same
same
same
same
yes,same
yessame
yes incr'd
yesjSame
yesjsame
yeS|Same
yesjsame
yeSjSame
yessame
yesJsame
Factories. 15
Oakolixa, Both Cotton, Woolex and Miscellaxeou^ Factories, such as
According to Counties.
7 3 4 no
16 9 7 yes
yes
O °f' 0)
9'" r-
85 yes 40
oOlyes .30
---lyes 60
100 yes 45
75 yes 60
100 yes 45
90 ----50
90 60
95 no 60
50 yes 60
--60
60 yes 45
90no 60
75!s'me45
--lyes 60
80lno !45
so! no 60
85!no i45
85'no 45
90ves 60
lOOiyes '60
80ho 35
75ino 45
lOO'yes 60
no 60
--,60
no 60
yes I--
--iio 60
90|yes
J45
41 231 18 ves
18i 14! 4 ves
50! 48:ves
25j 13, 12,yes
---I—1—ives
68; 28
64 1 26
100 no !60
"" no 45
yes 90
yes 60
yes 45
75 1no 45
90yes |40
75,no 45
90'yes '45
90no 60
100 no 160
75 no 60
90 no i45
90 no -45
95 yes 50
95 yes 50
16 North C*arolina Labor Statistics.
The following letter was written to the Commissioner in answer
to our inquiry relative to the school facilities in the neighborhood
of the factories, and with permission of the writer we publish the
same
:
W. I. Everett, Pres't and Treas.
Great Falls Manufacturing Company,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Rockingham A-Extra 4-4 Sheeting.
Rockingham, N. C, January 1, 1894.
Mr. B. R. Lacy, Cominlssioner,
Raleigh, N. C.
Dear Sir :—The Great Falls Manufacturing Co. employ a teacher for the benefit
of the children of the operatives, and all the children of a school age under twelve
years are required to attend this school. However, we have a public school about
six months each year, during which time our school is suspended, and the above-mentioned
children can and do attend this i^ublic school.
Both the Pee Dee Manufacturing Co', and the Roberdel Manufacturing Co.
employ a teacher and keep the schools open for nearly twelve months in the year
for the benefit of the children of their operatives.
In no instance is any part of the expenses of these schools taxed on the opera-tives.
While on this line I desire to state that the managers of these mills look closely
after the morals of all their employees, and not only those of the mill, but the
families of those in the mills. Should the least suspicion attach to any person in
any way connected with these mills, they are immediately dismissed. The high
standard of morality obtained by this policy is certainly surpassed by the opera-tives
of no other industrial enterprise.
Yours very truly,
W. I. Everett,
Fres. Great Falls Mfg. Co.
CHAPTER
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, ETC.
The following ijs made from agricultural statistics, wages of farm
laborers, etc., as gathered from replies of farmers to Circular No. 2.
I trust that a careful study of the following table, statements and
letters of this chapter will be made, not only by our farmers, but
by all classes of our business men, that they may see the condition
of agriculture in our State, as far as it was possible to get through
correspondence.
The following is a copy of Circular-letter No. 2, for farmers.
(Questions and replies will appear in Table No. 2
:
[Circular-letter No. 2.1
North Carolina Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Raleigh, March 15, 1893.
Dear Sir :—The statute estabhshing the Bureau of Labor Statistics (chapter 113,
Laws of 1887) makes it the duty of the Commissioner of Labor Statistics to
"collect statistics upon the subject of labor; its relations to capital; the hours of
labor; the earnings of laboring men and women; their educational, moral and
financial condition, and the best means of promoting their mental, material, social
and moral prosperity."
These statistics are for the information of the people of the State generally, but
especially to aid the General Assembly in correcting any evils that may exist to
the injury of either capital or labor, and in ameliorating the condition of the
working people, so far as these purjioses can be attained by intelligent legislation.
Owing to the small appropriation at the command of the Bui-eau the desired
information must be largely obtained through correspondence with peoi^le of all
callings in every part of the State. It is not the intention of the Bureau, however,
to publish statistics relating to the business of individuals, but from the returns
received to collate, tabulate and publish information of a general nature relating
to the subjects included within the language of the act. The names of those
furnishing information will in no instance be made public, neither will the facts
obtained from them be used to the injury of any person or business.
Will you kindly aid in this important work by answering the accompanying
questions, and return them to the Bureau in the inclosed prepaid envelope at
your earliest convenience ? In i-eturn, the Commissioner will take pleasure in
furnishing you at any time with such statistics in his possession as may be of
service to you.
2
18 NoETH Carolixa Labor Statistics.
In answering all questions please bear in mind that not alone sliould your indi-vidual
experience be considered, but that of your neighbors as well. Also bear in
mind that while wage-workers in other branches of industry are generally paid
wages only, farm laborers are usually given many advantages and privileges in
addition to their actual wages, and questions 1, 2 and 3 are for the purpose of
ascertaining the value of those advantages and privileges in order to arrive as near
as possible at the actual expenses of farming.
Please give*any other information bearing upon the questions contained in this
blank that may occur to you; and also state how, in your opinion, the needs of the
farmers might be remedied by the General Assembly; also what you think would
increase the usefulness of this Bureau.
If yon cannot answer the questions please hand them to some one who will,
and you will greatly oblige.
Yours respectfully, B. R. LACY,
Commissioner.
Agricultural Statistics, et(,\ 19
TABLE No. 2.
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, WAGES OF FARM LABORERS, ETC.
20 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No. 2
—
Agricultural Statis-
COUNTIES.
Alamance.
Alexander.
Alleghany.
Ashe.
Bertie.
Bladen.
Brunswick.
t3
O IB
Si
CD § O
>•
1
(1)
^
w f q=i
m -u
T, O cS
g ^ C
incr'd.no
incr'd no
no
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
yes
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
no
no
yes
no
no
no
yes
no
no
no
yes
no
no
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
no
no
p -,
c g
jH
•l-H
'O
c3
G c^. O CO
a;
c3
a
ii >
•s.S
ID
P 6JD
s >
I a.
WAGES OP FARM LABORERS
?i'^-i ;^' o)
Cti ^ tH
cS O IB '^4-1 OJ
(D " Or^
IS
> d l-t= t. OJ
r6° ?»
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
larger
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
larger
larger
smaller
larger
smaller
smaller.
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
larger
smaller
larger
smaller
larger
yes partly
yes yes
little
same no
ves yes
yes yes
yes yes
no no
no yes
yes yes
no yes
yes gen ly
yes yes
yes partly
yes yes
ves yes -
yes yes
yes yes
yes ves
yes yes
no yes
yes yes
yes
yes yes
ves yes
yes yes
yes partly
ves yes
yes yes
yes yes
ves no
no no
no
yes yes
ves ves
ves yes
yes ves
no no
partly! some decr'd$1.5 00 no board $.
no
no
no
yes
ves
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
idecr'd
6 00 to
7 00 to
8 00
8 00
13 00
10 00
10 00
yes 'decr'd 10 00
no same 8 00
yes incr'd 8 00 to
ves incr'd 10 00
yes (Same
some 'same
some isame
?, 00 to
5 00
4 00
G 50
o 00
10 00
yes Idecr'd
yes isame
yes same
yes incr'd
ves incr'd
50
00
10 00
10 00
8 00 to 10 00
5 00
4 00
4 00
no
no
yes
no
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
incr'd
incr'd
decr'd
Isame
I
incr'd
incr'd
same
decr'd
Idecr'd
jincr'd
idecr'd
decr'd
incr'd
same
decr'd
|decr'd
jincr'd
iincr'd
incr'd
incr'd
10 00 to 12 50 6 50
8 00 to 10 00 I ?> 00 to 5 00
8 00 to 18 00
10 00
7 00 to 10 00
I
3 00 to 6 00
8 00 to 10 00 I
6 00 to 8 00 '. 2 00 to 4 00
8 00 to 12 50 ; 3 00 to 6 00
7 00 to 10 00 ' 3 00 to 3 50
8 00
5 00
6 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
10 00 to
13 00
12 00
10 00
8 00 to
8 00 to
00
00
8 00
10 00
13 00
13 00
10 00
10 00
4 00 to
1 00 to
5 00 to
7 50
6 00
3 00
7 00
4 00
5 00
12 00 to 15 00
13 00
10 00 to 13 00
12 .50 to 15 00
I 00 to
8 00
6 00 to
10 00
9 00
8 00
Agricultural Statistics, etc. 21
TICS, Wages of Farm Laborers, etc.
PER MOXTII. cc f-
(D O
O O ^ rO
03 ci
'"^
a g
u^^ «(>q
a 0)
'~^ =4-1
<K %. o .
c3 o-
3 2
r-> 0«M c3=« O ffi ^
03 03
*^a
Og O ,—
^
> U CO
.i-l c^-
r« ^
ci O
03
bf o
.S nrl
s-< o n^
i-i
$ j rations varies fruit, garden, etc.
rations $2 00 to 5 00 house, wood, etc.
3 00
6 50
2 50
4 00
2 00 to 4 00
rations 4 00 house
rations house
rations I 3 00
rations i house
fuel, horses, etc. scarce
rations 5 00 to 7 00 house
rations 4 00 house
rations 6 00 house
rations 3 00 house
4 00 to
4 00
1 00 to
9 00
5 00
rations ' 8 00 house
rations 5 00 to 8 00 house
rations | house
rations i 4 00 to 6 00 house
rations ! 4 00 to B 00 house
rations 4 00 to 6 00 house
rations I 5 00 house
rations ! 7 00 I house
1 00 to 3 00
2 50 to 3 00
rations
|
3 00
rations '\ 3 50
rations 5 00
rations i 5 00 to
house
house
house
6 00 house
rations house
rations 4 00 house
j rations ! house
1 rations i house
1 00 to 3 00 ! rations |
-
house
house
house
house
house
house
house
house
house
house
2 00 to 3 oo'
rations
rations
3 00
4 50
2 00
rations
rations
2 00 to
3 00
3 00
2 00 to 6 00
4 00
5 00
3 00
2 00 to
3 00 to rations 2 50 to 3 00
scarce
sufficient
garden, etc. scarce
wood, etc. plenty
garden, etc. scarce
yes
yes '
yes
yes yes
yes yes
sli'tly no
garden, etc.! common sli'tly yes
garden, etc. abundant no no
garden, etc. scarce no yes
garden, etc. scarce yes yes
garden, etc. abundant yes ; yes
garden, etc. scarce yes yes
garden, etc. yes yes
garden, etc. abundant yes yes
garden, etc. abundant no no
garden, etc. sufficient yes
garden, etc. abundant yes yes
garden, etc. scarce no no
garden, etc. sufficient --.
garden, etc. abundant no no
garden, etc. abundant yes yes
garden, etc. sufficient no yes
garden, etc. abundant yes yes
no
no
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes ! yes
no yes
no
I
yes
no
no
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no yes
no 1 no
no i yes
no
I
no
slowly yes
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
abundant
sufficient
abundant
abundant
scarce
abundant
abundant
scarce
abundant
abundant
abundant
yes ' yes
no no
yes : yes
sli'tly yes
sli'tly no
yes yes
no
yes
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
no
yes
some
yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
garden, etc. abundant sli'tly yes
garden, etc. sufficient yes yes
garden, etc. scarce
garden, etc. sufficient yes yes
no
no
no
I
no
no
' no
no
sli'tly j yes
no j no
no I
yes
no yes
! no yes
yes I
yes
no
yes
22 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
ncJ o- , fl (D
I'sl
Sh
"
T3 •n
t3
QJ wAGES OF FARM LABORERS
oads
incre£
ased
value
'
last
five
ve:
03
s^. 1
O 03 ^^
1=1 ^ ility
of
lani
led? lers
improv
of
living?
ing
increas
ased
in
last
COUNTIES. value
of
ve
years
to
have
1
er
farms'
[
Have
raili
or
decre;
land
in
]
Decline
in
in
last
fi
Tendency
or
smalL
1—
1
Is
the
fert
maintai]
Cost
of
liv
or
decre
vears
?
Men.
j
s
g
O
Brunswick.
'
1 _ _ _. . iS
no yes
yes smaller yes
yes smaller vps
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
same
no decr'd 8 00 i_
no decr'd 8 00
yes no 1 larger yes yes decr'd 15 00 7 50
Burke. 1
i
yes no smaller slight yes - little same 8 00 _
yes no 1 smaller yes yes yes incr'd 9 00 "5'o6""""
Cabarrus.
yes smaller no no no incr'd 7 00 to S 00 3 00 to 5 00
yes yes 1 same yes yes some decr'd 10 00 to 12 00 5 00 to 7 00
yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 8 00 to 10 00 5 00 to 8 00
yes t larger yes some decr'd 7 on tn 10 00 -
Caldwell.
yes no smaller yes yes some incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 6 00
yes no smaller yes yes yes incr'd 8 00 to 12 00 5 00 to 6 00
yes yes same yes no incr'd 1 8 00 to 10 00 4 00 to 6 00
yes no smaller yes partly yes incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 4 00
yes no smaller yes partly -yes incr'd' 12 50 5 00
yes no 1 smaller ; yes yes yes incr'd' 10 00 4 00
yes yes smaller yes no yes 1 8 00 to 10 00 6 00 to J2 00
no smaller 1 12 00 to 15 00 8 00
Carteret. 1
yes , smaller no yes no incr'd 8 00 to 15 00 5 00 to 8 00
yes yes smaller no yes no incr'd, 10 00 3 00 to 5 00
sin a 1 1 pr some yes yes 15 00 to 18 00
Caswell.
OIJ.KI'IIVJI.
yes yes : smaller yes yes no deer' d 5 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 6 00
no yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 9 00 to 10 00 4 Goto 6 00
Catawba.
yes yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 10 00 to 10 00 8 00
no yes smaller no no no incr'd 8 00 5 00
yes yes smaller yes yes yes 9 00 7 00
Chatham.
yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 6 00 2 00
yes yes 1 smaller no yes yes deer' d 10 00 7 00
no yes [ smaller no no no decr'd 8 00 to 15 00 5 00
Cherokee.
yes no smaller yes yes little incr'd 10 00 5 00 to 8 00
yes yes smaller some no little decr'd 10 00 to 12 00 -
yes no larger yes yes yes incr'd 10 00 to 12 00 -
yes
no
no no no incr'd 10 00
no smaller yes yes i yes incr'd 10 00 '
'5"00""
J
Agricultural Statistics, etc. 23
2
—
Continued.
PER MONTH.
XJ Q
3 00
4 GO
3 Goto
5 GO
5 Goto
3 Goto
3 Goto
2 Goto
3 GO to
3 GO
5 GO
7 GO
3 GO
> CD
ffi
O .
>
r3 o
c3t3
c o
03
02 C
5<:S ! ^
"CO
."T3
h^
_« fl
piH
rations $3 00
rations 3 00
3 GO to 4 GO
2 GO to 5 00
2 GO to .6 GO
3 GO
rations
\ rations
rations
rations
GO rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
5 GO
8 00
3 GO
3 GO
4 GO
5 GO
4 GO
5 00 to
G 00 to
5 GO
6 Goto
4 GO
3 GO to
6 GO
8 GO
I
rations 3 GO
5 GO I rations 3 GO
house
house
house
house
house
house
house
liouse
house
house
house
house
7 GO house
8 GO house
house
7 GO house
house
liouse
liouse
house
i house
I house
00
6 GO
5 00
4 GO
rations house
rations 3 GO to 5 GO ; house
rations 7 GO jhouse
rations 6 GO to 7 GO 'house
rations house
rations house
rations 7 00 to 10 GO jhouse
rations 4 GO , house
4 GO to 8 GO rations 8 00 to 10 GO house
rations 5 GO to 6 GO house
rations 8 GO house
rations ; house
3 GO to 6 GO ' rations ' 3 GO house
gai'den
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
etc. sutHcient no
etc. scarce ves
no no
no
(D O
etc. suflicient ves ves no yes
etc. abundant ves no no yes
etc. abundant no no no ves
etc. abundant no no no ves
etc. sufficient no yes no yes
etc. abundant yes ves no yes
etc. scarce yes yes no yes
etc. abundant no no no yes
etc. abundant ves yes 1 some yes
etc. abundant ves ves no ves
etc. scarce no no yes
etc. suthcient ves ;ves ves ves
etc. sufficient li^.tle little ves ves
etc. sufficient ves no no yes
etc. scarce ves ves no yes
etc. sufficient ves yes yes yes
etc. scarce ves no yes ves
etc. sufficient ves yes yes yes
etc. scarce ves yes ves
etc. scarce little no no no
etc.^ sufficient little no no i yes
etc' scarce yes some yes yes
yes
ves
etc. scarce yes yes yes yes
etc. i scarce yes no no yes
etc., scarce yes yes no yes
etc. abundant yes - no . yes
etc. sufficient yes yes yes \ yes
etc. scarce no no no ' yes
etc.' 3'es yes , yes [ yes
etc.! sufficient yes yes ! yes
|
yes
etc. abundant yes yes yes ; yes
etc. abundant no no no : yes
etc. abundant ves ves no ves
24 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
S a; ?
'C 1 TS
T3 WAGES OF FARM LABORERS
_S ^ J2 > ^ CD -1^
^^^ t
.S > P
Ci 03 05 O 03 OS
O £
-2 >.
> ?
<B CO
o
^ CD (D O
COUNTIES.
J2 oj^
O 02
>'3 11 ^
5^
s^ i=l
P 1° Ao3 "^ s
O
S
g
3
S
o
Chowan. 1
little yes smaller little no no decr'dl 8 00 to 10 00 $ 3 00 to 5 00
Clay.
yes
no
no
smaller
smaller
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
incr'd
same
10 00
10 00 to 15 GO 5 00 to 8 00
Cleveland.
smaller yes yes yes same 7 00 6 00
I'/^ln fv-il^n c!
no yes 1 smaller yes yes yes decr'd 6 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 5 00
VyOlLllIllDUh-.
j
yes no larger yes yes some deer' d S 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 4 00
yes yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 10 00 6 00
yes same yes yes yes decr'd 8 00 to 12 00 4 00 to 6 00
Cumberland.
yes ino smaller little no no deer' d 8 00 to 10 00 5 00 to 6 00
Currituck.
no no smaller yes yes yes decr'd 10 00 to 12 00 4 00 to 6 00
no yes
yes
same no no yes
yes
decr'd 10 00 to 14 00
no smaller yes no decr'd 10 00 to 15 00 6 00 to 10 00
smaller no yes yes deer' d 10 00 to 12 00 6 00 to 8 00
Davidson. ^
yes no smaller yes yes some decr'd "7 00 to 9 00 3 00 to
'
5 00
yes no larger yes yes yes incr'd 5 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 6 00
yes yes smaller yes yes yes incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 5 00 to 7 00
yes smaller ves yes
yes
some incr'd 7 50 to 9 00
yes yes deer' d 6 00 to 10 00
Davie.
no smaller yes yes some incr'd 8 00 6 00
Jve\_so yes smaller yes yes no incr'd 6 50 to 7 00
smaller yes yes decr'd 8 00 to 11 00
no smaller no no yes incr'd 8 00
""5"00"""
no no smaller yes yes yes incr'd 7 00 to 8 00 5 00
no larger no yes
no
yes
no
deer' d 7 00 to 10 00
yes smaller no decr'd 6 50 to 8 00
yes yes smaller yes yes some incr'd 7 00 4 00 to * 5 00
yes no smaller yes
no
yes
no
yes decr'd 8 00
no smaller no decr'd 8 00 to 12 00
yes
yes
larger no no some incr'd 6 00 to 8 00
smaller yes no no incr'd 7 00 to 10 00 3 00 to "e oo"
yes yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 8 00 to 12 00 4 00
no yes smaller yes no no same 8 00 to 10 00 4 00 to 5 00
no yes smaller yes yes sli'tly same 6 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 5 00
no smaller yes yes yes decr'd 10 00 2 00
smaller some no no incr'd 8 00
Duplin.
yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 10 00 to 13 00 6 50
Agricultural Statistics, etc. 25
2
—
Continued.
PER MONTH.
>
oo an
T3 "^ •
3D ^^
a
.r-I
C5
T-j
O
O c^-
,„_, hn
03
'3 >
3 o
2 A
-^
2 50 to
2 00 to
5 GO
3 00
2 00
rations i$ house, gai'den, etc scarce
rations ' 8 00
2 00 to 4 00 rations I 7 00
rations
rations
3 00
4 00 to
1 00 to 4 00
rations ;
rations I 3 00
rations ' 3 00
rations ' 3 75
house, garden, etc. sutficient yes yes j no
house, garden, etc. abundant no
house, garden, etc. abundant some ' no
7 00 house, garden, etc. abundant yes
I abundant yes
house, garden, etc. abundant no
house, garden, etc. scarce yes
house, garden, etc. abundant yes
2 00 to 5 00 rations 5 00 i house, garden, etc. scarce yes
rations 3 75 to 4 00 ihouse, garden, etc. scarce yes
3 00 to 6 00 rations 2 50 to 3 00 house, garden, etc. scarce yes
4 00 to . 5 00 rations 3 00 to 5 00 house, garden, etc. scarce yes
00
00
3 50 to 6 50
rations 5 00 to 7 00 house, garden, etc.
rations : 6 00 to 8 00 liouse, garden, etc.
rations house, garden, etc.
rations i 5 00 house, garden, etc.
rations | 6 00 liouse, garden, etc.
2 00 to 4 00
00 to 4 00
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
6 50
4 00 to
5 00
I 5 00
10 00
2 60 to 90 rations
6 00
5 00
5 00
5 00
5 00
4 00
3 50
hou.se,
4 50 house,
house,
house,
!liouse,
liouse,
house,
house,
house,
house,
house,
house,
house,
house,
house,
house,
house.
garden, etc
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
scarce
abundant
scarce
abundant
scarce
abundant
scarce
abundant
scarce
scarce
scarce
scarce
scarce
abundant
scarce
abundant
scarce
abundant
scarce
suthcient
sufficient
scarce
yes
yes
yes
some
yes
some
no
yes
yes
no
yes
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
yes
yes
some
yes
some
house, garden, etc. aljundant yes
yes no yes
yes
no no yes
yes
yes no yes
yes no yes
no no yes
no no yes
ves
yes ves yes
yes yes yes
yes yes yes
yes yes yes
some no yes
yes no yes
ves yes yes
ves no yes
ves ves yes
*
little little yes
yes no yes
no no yes
no no ves
ves no yes
no no yes
ves no yes
ves some yes
some no no
no no yes
no no yes
yes yes yes
yes no yes
no no yes
ves no yes
no no yes
no no yes
26 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
;reased
|
ue
of
i'ears?
t3
t3
03
03 m
WAGES OF FARM LABORERS
COUNTIES.
ilroads
inc
reased
val
1
last
five
'
O ^
Si
^ > y to
have
1
Her
farms'
ments
on
1
e
years
? O
>-^
SI
s;>
CD O
cS ^.S *'"'
4_i O 03 <D > S -2 J- TS '—^ ri 0^.
0,' -^
,o3 O
go >. S
2
o
ffi Q H i
h5
03
1—
t
ffi g ^
Duplin.
1
yes yes smaller no no yes decr'd $ 8 00 1 3 00 to 3 50
no yes same yes yes no incr'd 8 00 3 00 to 4 00
no yes smaller no no no decr'd 8 00 5 00
yes smaller yes no yes incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 6 00
yes smaller no yes no same 10 00 4 00 to 6 00
yes same yes yes no same 7 00 to 12 00 4 00
smaller no yes
ves
no incr'd • 8 00
yes yes smaller yes yes
some
decr'd 7 50 to 10 00
no yes smaller some yes same 8 00 to 10 00 4 00 to
"5'
00
no smaller no no no incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 6 00 to 7 50
yes yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 10 00 4 00 to 6 00
no no smaller yes yes yes decr'd 7 00 to 10 00 6 00
yes yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 8 00 5 00
no yes smaller 1 no yes no decr'd 6 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 4 00
yes smaller i no partly
yes
no incr'd 6 00 to 8 00
no smaller ! little yes same 10 00 4 00 to
"5' 00'
no yes smaller yes no no incr'd 8 00 3 00
yes yes larger no yes yes same 7 00 4 00 to" 5 00
yes smaller yes no yee incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 4 00 to 6 00
yes smaller yes no
yes
decr'd 8 00 to
16 00
10 00 10 00
Durham.
yes yes smaller little no no decr'd 5 00 to 10 00 2 00 to 5 00
no yes smaller yes yes yes incr'd 6 00 to 8 00' 4 00
yefe yes smaller little no yes decr'd 8 00 5 00
yes yes smaller , some yes yes decr'd 8 00 to 10 00 4 00 to 5 00
yes smaller yes yes yes same 6 00 to 8 00 2 00 to 4 00
no yes smaller yes yes yes incr'd 6 00 to 7 00^ 2 00 to 3 00
no yes smaller no yes no same 6 00 to 8 00
:
3 00 to 5 00
yes yes smaller no yes no decr'd 8 00 4 00
no yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 8 00 4 00
smaller no yes some decr'd
Edgecombe.
Forsyth.
no yes smaller no no no incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 4 00 to 6 00
yes yes smaller yes yes yes incr'd 9 00 6 00
yes no smaller yes yes yes decr'd 6 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 7 00
yes smaller yes yes yes incr'd 8 00 , 4 00
Franklin. !
yes yes smaller no yes some incr'd 5 00 to 10 00 ' 2 00 to 10 00
yes yes smaller no no decr'd 7 00 to 8 00 3 00 to 5 00
yes yes smaller yes yes no decr'd 6 00 to 8 00 3 00 to 4 00
yes yes smaller j yes yes yes decr'd 6 00 to 9 00 4 00
. yes yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 7 00 4 00
Agricultural Statistics, etc. 27
2
—
Continued.
PER MONTH.
o
3 "^
be a*
^ 5
•r ^
bJLi tu
3 o .
> cj CO
a
r-i C^.
cS 3 ^^•='
$ 2 00 to .3 00
3 00 to 7 00
1 00 to
2 00
3 00
3 00 to 5 00
3 00 to 6 00
2 60
3 00
3 00
2 00
1 00 to 5 00
5 00 to 10 00
1 00 to
1 50 to
3 00
2 00 to
1 00 to
00
00
00
00
rations
ratipns
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
12 00 to
2 30
5 00
4 00
3 00 to
4 00
3 00
3 50 to
3 25
3 30
4 00 to
3 50
5 44
5 00
3 00
3 50
4 00
4 00 to
00 lliouse,
jhouse,
jhouse,
ihouse,
00 house,
house,
house,
00 house,
house,
house,
iiouse,
I
house,
jhouse,
Ihouse,
house,
house,
house,
00 -house,
house,
liouse,
house,
5 00
4 00 to
3 00 to
3 50
3 50 to
2 00 to
2 00
3 50
3 00
4 00
3 00 to
00 house,
00 house,
house,
50 house,
00 house,
house,
house,
house,
house,
5 00 house,
2 00 to 5 00 t rations i 3 00
garden, etc.|
garden, etc.
garden, etc.]
garden, etc.j
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.^
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
garden, etc.
ample
scarce
ample
scarce
abundant
ample
scarce
scarce
ample
scarce
abundant
ample
abundant
abundant
scarce
ample
abundant
abundant
abundant
ample
scarce
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
slowly
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
some
some
yes
little
yes
i yes
o
S
t—
1
yes no
no no
no no
yes no
ves no
some no
yes no
ves no
yes no
some no
no ves
no
yes no
some no
no no
some no
some no
yes
yes nd
ves no
. some
no
yes
no
9 t.
5 1o
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
some
yes
yes
yes
yes
scarce no ves
scarce
abundant
yes
yes
yes
no
no
no
yes
yes
scarce ves ves no yes
scarce
abundant
abundant
abundant
yes
some
no
no
yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
yes
ves
scarce
abundant
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
ves
house, garden, etc. ample yes yes no yes
5 00
3 00 to
2 00
1 00 to
2 00 to
2 00 to
1 00
rations
7 00 rations
rations
5 00 rations
3 00 ! rations
i rations
5 00 ! rations
1 rations
7 00 house, garden, etc.! scarce i yes yes
4 00 to 5 00 house, garden, etc. I scarce I yes no
5 00 house, garden, etc.' scarce ; ves yes
i
jhouse, garden, etc. ample yes no
3 00 to 5 00 ihouse, garden, etc. abundant; yes yes
3 00 Ihouse, garden, etc.; ample ' yes no
4 00 ihouse, garden, etc. ample ' yes
----house, garden, etc. abundant yes yes
no yes
no yes
yes yes
no yes
no yes
no yes
no yes
no ves
28 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
Gates.
ads
increased
sed
value
of
st
five
years?
alue
of
land
e
years?
have
larger
•
farms?
.a
CO 'J
ty
of
land
d? rs
nnproved
f
living?
ig
increased
ed
in
last
five WAGES OF FARM LABORERS
COUNTIES.
ailro crea
ni
la
in
\
tfiv
CO >»
o >
a, o
s ^ livii reas
s- sj^ ^ i - £ >-^ « ti ^fH ^ ^^T- s
Jsljl.H
'-1 CO I'i )St
o
ord veai
S
g
o
ffi |fi H ^ ffi o (^ ^
Franklin.
' no ves same no no incr'd % 6 00 % 3 00
yes yes smaller yes ves ves Idecr'd 8 00 to 10 00 4 00 to 6 00
no lyes smaller no yes no incr'd 6 00 to 7 00 3 00
no yes smaller no yes little decr'd 5 00 to 8 00 3 00 to r; 00
yes :yes smaller no yes yes same 8 00 4 00
yes lyes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 6 00 to 10 00 4 00
yes jyes
yes yes
smaller
smaller
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
same
decr'd
8 00
8 00 B 00
yes yes smaller ves ves ves decr'd 6 00 to 9 00 4 50
no yes smaller yes yes yes incr'd 8 00 4 00
yes yes smaller yes no yes decr'd 8 00 to 10 00 2 50 to 4 00
no no smaller yes yes ves decr'd 6 00 to 8 00 4 00
yes ,yes smaller yes
no
yes
no
yes decr'd 7 50
no yes smaller no decr'd 8 00 5 00
yes no smaller yes yes yes same 6 00 to 9 00 5 00
ves larger no no yes decr'd 7 00 3 50 to 4 00
smaller yes yes no decr'd 7 00 5 00
no
no
no yes
yes-decr'd
8 00
8 00
Gaston.
no
no
no
yes
yes
no
yes
no
no
Granville.
yes iyes : smaller yes no
yes yes smaller yes yes
some yes same yes no
yes yes larger yes yes
yes jyes smaller no I no
yes yes larger little
j no
ves ves 1 no
iyes j smaller yes
|
yes
lyes
I
smaller yes
; yes
[yes smaller no \ same
jyes smaller ' no yes
yes yes ! yes
no smaller yes | yes
;yes yes , yes
no smaller yes yes
lyes smaller yes yes
tyes • .- -, yes yes
yes
I
yes yes
yes no
no smaller yes i yes
yes smaller yes no
ives smaller no ; no
yes
yes
no
no
yes
no
no
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
decr'd
decr'd
deer' d
deer' d
incr'd
decr'd
decr'd
incr'd
incr'd
same
incr'd
deer' d
incr'd
8 Oil
9 00
7 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
9 00
9 00
12 00
10 00
10 00
10 Oi)
6 00
4 00 to 5 00
5 00 to 6 00
6 00 to 8 00
5 00
no
no
yes incr'd
yes decr'd
ves incr'd
6 00 to
8 00 to
10 00
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
. 6 00
j 2 00 to 3 00
10 00 , 2 00 to 5 00
10 00 5 00
4 00 to 5 00
10 00 !
12 00 6 00 to 7 00
10 00 4 00 to 6 00
10 00
10 00 I 3 00 to 5 00
11 00 2 50 to 4 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
4 00
3 00 to
3 00 to
6 00
4 00
Agkicultukal Statistics, etc. 29
2
—
Continued.
PER MONTH.
o
o3 c^-
o =8 c3=^
2 00 to
2 50
1 00 to
5 00
4 00
2 00 to
4 00
2 oO to
2 00 to
50 to
9.T
3 00
3 00
1 00
2 00 to
2 50 to
2 00 to
4 00 to
5 00 to
3 00 to
1 00 to
2 00 to
3 00 to
1 00 to
2 00 to
2 00 to
1 00 to
3 00 to
3 00
2 00 to
1 00 to
5 00
5 00
3 00
2 00
4 00
4 50
3 00
6 00
6 00
4 00
3 00
6 00
7 00
3 00
3 00
4 00
2 50
5 00
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
$3 00 to
00
00
50
00
00
00
00
65
00
50
70
95
00
4 00 house
house
liouse
house
jhouse
jhouse
house
liouse
house
house
liouse
house
house
house
house
house
house
jhouse
house
rations \ 5 00 house
rations : 5 00 house
rations 4 00 to 5 00 house
rations (i 00 to 8 00 house
rations 4 00 house
rations ' 5 00 house
rations house
rations 4 00 house
rations 5 00 house
rations house
rations 4 00 house
rations 3 00 to 4 00 house
rations 6 00 to 7 00 house
rations i house
rations 1 5 00 to 6 00 house
rations I 3 00 to 4 00 house
rations 3 00 to 4 00 house
rations 5 00 house
rations ihouse
rations 6 00 to 00 house
5 00 j rations 2 50 house
2 00 I rations 3 00 to 4 00 house
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
gai'den
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
abundant: yes
abundant' yes
abundant yes
scarce no
ample yes
ample yes
scarce yes
abundant yes
abundant yes
scarce yes
scarce yes
abundant yes
plentiful no
abundant yes
ample no
scarce yes
scarce no
ample yes
abundant
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc
etc.
no
yes
no
some
yes
ves
little
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
ample yes
abundant yes
abundant
scarce yes
abundant yes
ample yes
ample
scarce
ample
scarce
ample
scarce
yes
no
no
no
some
no
yes
yes
yes
ves
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
ves
no
no
yes
no
no
no
no
no
etc. abundant yes
etc. scarce yes
etc. ample j^es
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
etc. abundant some some no yes
etc. scarce yes yes yes
etc. abundant yes no
etc. abundant yes yes little
etc. scarce slowly no j no
etc. scarce yes yes | no
etc scarce • no ves ' no
yes no
yes no
yes no
ves ves
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
30 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
COUNTIES.
03 O
at <b « C3
CD --
CD O f-i > CD c3
P 03 oi
13 ^3
w
Graham.
Greene.
Guilford.
Halifax.
Harnett.
Haywood.
Henderson.
no yes
no yes
no
iyes
jVes
lyes
lyes
jno
no 'yes
yes
no no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
no
no
no
no
yes
no
yes
lyes
no lyes
iyes
no yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
O in
^
"1—
I
ns
C
c3
Co
CO
i2 ^
rl O)
q; P^.
P o;
(B !>
><«
a d
O
^^^CD
y £*
52 Vh
Ct3
,03 O
a CD "
> G
w
CD <S
C IB
> CD
S o ^
no
same j no
smaller
j
yes
larger yes
smaller no
same
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
-no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
no
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
little i yes
no
same
yes
yes
smaller
j
yes
smaller i yes
smaller yes
smaller
smaller
smaller
no
yes
smaller ! yes
smaller ' no
smaller no
smaller
j no
smaller | no
:yes ; smaller i yes
no I smaller yes
lyes smaller yes
yes smaller j no
yes smaller ! yes
no smaller
j yes
no smaller
no ! smaller
yes larger
yes smaller
no smaller
iyes smaller
no ' same
no smaller
yes
yes
yes
yes
little
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yea
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
yes
incr'd
incr'd
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
same
decr'd
decr'd
same
decr'd
decr'd
WAGES OF FARM LABORERS
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
incr'd
i decr'd
decr'd
incr'd
decr'd
incr'd
Idecr'd
decr'd
decr'd
incr'd
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
decr'd
incr'd
decr'd
decr'd
$10 00
8 00 to
10 00 to
10 00
8 00 to
8 00 to
6 00 to
6 00 to
8 00
13 00 to
8 00 to
10 00
12 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
14 00
10 00
$ 6 00
4 00 to
6 00 to
5 00 to
4 00 to
5 00 to
00
00 to
00
00 to
00 to
10 00
8 00 to
8 00
9 00
8 00 to
8 00
9 50
10 00
10 50
4 00
4 00 to
00
00 to
6 50
12 00
10 00
8 00 to
7 00 to
8 00
6 00
8 00 to 10 00
7 80 to
8 00 to
8 00
6 00 to
6 00 to
7 00 to
8 00 to
10 00
8 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
6 00 to 15 00
12 00
10 00
10 00 to 13 00
10 00
15 00 to 18 00
8 00 to 10 00
2 50
5 00
7 00
6 00
2 00 to
3 00 to
4 00 to
4 00 to
4 00
4 00 to
5 00
00
6 00
8 00
7 00
5 00
7 00
7 00
9 00
6 00
5 00
6 50
60
4 00
6 00
7 00
5 00
6 00
4 00 to 5 00
Agricultural Statistics, etc. 31
2
—
Continued.
PER MONTH.
03 o-teT3
O =M
03.S
o ^
r-3 &C
^5 fe
o
I" .2
o3 00
3 OOto 5 00 --I house, ararden, etc. scarce yes yes no yes
4 00 to 6 00
3 00 to 7 00
00
00
3 OOto
1 OOto
5 00
6 00 to 10 00
3 00
3 00
2 OOto
2 50
3 50 to
2 00
3 OOto
3 00
6 50
3 00 to 5 00
90 to 7 80
4 00
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
6 00
30
00
50
00
00
OOto
75
3 00
house
house
house
house
house
house
5 50 house
house
hovise
house
house
5 00
6 00
5 00
5 OOto
3 50 to
3 00
3 00
house
house
house
house
house
house
6 00 house
house
. house
4 00 house
house
l:iouse
4 00 rations
4 00 rations
rations
rations
2 00 to 6 00 rations
4 00 rations
rations
1 00 to 4 00 rations
4 00 to 5 00 rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
4 00 house
4 00 house
house
house
house
house
5 00
6 00
5 00
5 00
6 00
house
house
house
house
house
5 00 house
5 00 to 6 00 house
4 00 to 5 00 house
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden-garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
scarce
ample
abundant
same
•scarce
ample
same
ample
ample
plentiful
no
some
yes
some
no
some
yes
yes
some
yes
no
no
yes
no
no
no
no
some no
yes yes
no no
yes no
yes yes
no 1 yes
some yes
yes ; yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
etc. plentiful yes
etc. ample yes
etc. scarce yes
etc. scarce yes
etc. abundant yes
etc. scarce yes
etc. yes
etc. ample no
etc. scarce yes
etc. abundant yes
etc. ample yes
etc. ample yes
etc. abundant yes
etc. ample yes
etc. abundant yes
etc. scarce yes
etc.- yes
etc. abundant ves
etc. scarce
etc. scarce
etc. scarce
etc. scarce
etc. scarce
yes
yes
no
no
yes
etc. abundant yes
etc. abundant yes
etc. scarce no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
yes yes
yes yes
some 5'-es
no yes
no : yes
no i yes
yes yes
yes yes
no no
yes no
no no
some no
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
32 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
COUNTIES.
Henderson.
Hertford.
Hyde.
Iredell.
Jackson.
Johnston.
Jones.
Lenoir.
C 03
(i;
03 tB cc O oj od
5 2^::
t> s-i 5
CO rt > C5
O tn
zj cd
5^!
yes
ves
no
no
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
lyes
lyes
lyes
ves
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
-73
a
53 o
,03 O
CD
CU -4-t
O) 03
:0
WAGES OF P.\R.\I LABORERS
smaller yes
smaller little
yes smaller no
yes , smaller little
lyes
I
smaller no
lyes i smaller no
Ives smaller no
some
smaller no
no
larger no
same no
smaller yes
same yes
smaller yes
smaller yes
smaller yes
smaller yes
larger yes
smaller yes
smaller yes
smaller ves
yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
no
no
no
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes no
yes yes
yes yes
yes I no
yes I yes
i
smaller yes
yes
I
smaller yes yes
yes I
smaller yes yes
yes 1 smaller yes ; yes
yes ! larger yes
]
yes
yes smaller yes no
no no yes
no smaller some yes
no I larger yes yes
no I
smaller yes yes
yes I smaller no yes
no 1 some yes
yes ' smaller yes yes
no smaller some yes
yes smaller yes yes
yes
ves
yes
no
no
yes
yes yes
same no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
,incr'd $15 00
incr'dl 10 00
incr'd
same
decr'dj
incr'd'
decr'd
incr'd,
[incr'dl
Isame \
incr'd
decr'd
8 00 to 10 00
8 00
8 00
6 00 to 8 00
8 00 to 10 00
8 00 to 12 00
10 00 to 12 00
11 00 to 14 00
10 00 to 12 50
decr'd
decr'dl
: decr'd!
7 00
6 00 to
7 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
incr'd 12 00
incr'd 12 00 to
incr'dl 10 00
incr'd i 10 00
incr'd 10 00
incr'd 8 00 to
Idecr'd^ 12 00
incr'dl
incr'd,
decr'dj
same
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
incr'd
incr' d
same
same
10 00
10 00 to
12 00 to
10 0(ito
10 00
10 00
yes incr'd 10 00
some incr'd 8 00 to
yes decr'd 10 00 to
10 00
10 00
10 00
13 00
15 00
10 00
9 00
8 00 to 12 00
8 00 to 12 00
8 00 to 10 00
10 00
12 00
14 00
13 00
13 00
12 00
$ 5 00
5 00 to 6 00
4 00
5 00
8 00 to 4 00
4 00 to 5 00
3 00 to 4 00
4 00
3 00 to 7-00
2 00 to 3 50
2 50
4 00 to 6 00
4 00 to 7 00
5 00
6 00
4 00
8 00
6 00
4 00 to 6 00
4 00 to 6 00
5 00 to 7 00
4 00 to 5 00
5 00
8 00 to 10 00
7 00 to 9 00
6 00 to 8 00
7 00
5 50 to 6 00
8 00
6 00
Agricultural Statistics, etc. 33
2—CONTINI'EI).
IE tc
TEK MONTH. Oj "ao s. 41
QJ © O
O O *>
^ rQ r^
ej cS & r-
>"C
O .
c o
c5 O . > O •
•73 °*
^3i -^
u: fa
$— rations $4 00 to 5 00 house, garden, etc.; scarce
rations house, garden, etc scarce
^
3 00 to 5 00
2 00 to 3 00
2 00 to
3 00 to
4 00
4 00
3 00 to
2 00 to
3 00 to
1 00 to
5 00
3 00
4 00
6 00
3 00
2 00 to 4 00
3 00 to
3 00 to
3 00
5 00
6 00
4 00 to
6 00 to
3 00 to
3 00 to
4 00 to'
6 00
4 00 to
6 00
7 00
5 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
00 rations
--- rations
00 rations
--- rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
4 00 to 5
3 00
5 00
6 00
3 00
00 house
house
house
house
house
5 00
3 60
2 60
4 00 to
4 00 to
house
house
house
6 00 house
00 house
house
2 00 to 3 00 house
3 00 to 4 00 house
3 00 to 5 00 house
6 00
(i 00 to
6 00
house
00 house — house — house
house
house
4 00
3 00
3 00
3 30
3 00
3 50
3 00 to
3 00 to
3 30
4 00
2 7.5
3 00
8 00
5 00
— house
house
house
house
house
house
house
00 house
00 house
house
house
house
house
house
house
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
some yes
ves ves
etc.! abundant
I
yes
etc. abundant j
yes
etc. abundant lyes
etc. abundant! yes
etc. abundant; yes
etcj scarce
j
yes
etc.' scarce ! yes
etc.j scarce
j
yes
etc. abundant! no
etc.
etc.
etf.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
ample
ample
ample
scarce
scarce
sutiicient •
scarce ;
ample
scarce
ample
abundant
no
yes
yes
yes
I
yes
' yes
: yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
etc.: abundant yes
etc. ample yes
etc.! suflBcient ! yes
etc.; ample i yes
etc! abundant! yes
etc.; ample [ yes
etc. ample i no
etc. abundant! yes
etc. abundant! yes
etc.: ample j no
etc' sufficient j some
etc! ample | some
etc.; ample
j
yes
etc.: scarce i yes
etc' ample : some
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
no
some
I
yes
no no
no
no
no
no yes
no yes
yes yes
no yes
some yes
i no
1
yes
no yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
no
no
some
no [ no
some no
yes some
no no
no
yes
yes
34 NoRTPi Carolixa Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
COUNTIES.
Lenoir.
Lincoln.
McDowell.
Macon.
Madison.
Martin.
Mecklenburg.
Mitchell.
Montgomery.
Moore.
yes
ves
yes
yes
no
no
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
no
same
smaller
same
smaller
smaller
siiialler
smaller
larger
same
same
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
smaller
same
smaller
smaller
smaller
same
smaller
smaller
same
smaller
smaller
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
I
no
yes
i
yes
72
a;
>c--
PH.S
m >
2 S
o'~'
WAGES OF FARM LABORERS
SQ,
O .S
CSth
•r cs
r o^-
O
no liner'
d
yes liner'
ves 'decr'd
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
some
ves
same
decr'd
incr' d
same
same
incr'd
incr'd
some no
no no
yes yes
no yes
ves yes
yes yes
yes yes
yes no
yes yes
yes no
yes no
yes yes
yes yes
some yes
yes yes
yes yes
some yes
yes yes
no yes
few yes
yes decr'd
yes incr'd
yes incr'd
some incr' d
yes decr'd
yes decr'd
ves incr'd
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
incr'd
incr'd
decr'd
$ 8 00 to 10 00 $ 4 00 to 5 00
7 00 to 10 00
<S 00 to 12 00
3 50 to
4 00 to
8 00 to
8 00 to
12 00 ; 4 00 to
10 00 I 4 00
8 00 to
8 00 to
9 00
9 00
8 00 to
10 00
12 00
5 00
6 00
6 00
10 00
10 00 4 00 to 6 00
13 00 7 00
10 00
10 00 to 15 00 ! 6 00 to 8 00
10 00 to 15 00'
8 00 to 13 00 :
I
8 00 '4 00 to 5 00
8 00 to 10 00 4 00 to 7 00
8 00 ' 5 00
8 OU to 9 00 : 4 00 to 5 00
5 00 to 6 00
2 00 to 6 00
4 00 to 6 00
10 00: 4 00 to 6 00
10 00 to 15 00
8 00
12 00 to 18 00
7 00 to 10 00
8 00 to
8 00
8 00 to
7 00 to
7 00 to
10 00
10 00
8 00
10 00
6 00 to 10 00
13 00
6 00 to 9 00
8 00 to 10 00
6 00 to 10 00
2 00
5 00
4 00
6 60
4 00 to 6 00
4 00 to 6 00
5 00 to
4 00
3 00 to 5
6 00
7 00
00
Agricultukal Statistics, etc. 35
2
—
Continued.
PER MONTH.
3 O
be O;
"C CD
O
%
$ 1-ations $2 00 to, 3 00 house, garden, etc. ample
4 00 to 5 00 rations house
rations 4 00 to 5 00 house
4 00 to
3 00
6 00 rations
. rations
5 00
5 00
rations 5 00
rations 10 00
rations 5 00
7 00 rations
rations ^ 6 00
3 00 to 5 00 rations 6 00
._. rations 5 00
rations 7 00
house
house,
house
house
house
house
house
house
house
house
2 50 rations 3 00
2 00 to 5 00 rations 4 00 to
2 00 rations , 3 75
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
2 00 to 6 00 rations
5 00 to 8 00 rations
rations
rations
3 00 to 5 00 rations
rations
2 00 rations
rations
1 00 to 5 00 rations
rations
2 00 to 5 00 rations
2 00 rations
rations |
4 00 rations ! 6 00
house
00 house
^ , ^ house
;. house
3 00 house
2 00 to 4 00 house
3 00 to 4 00 house
3 00 house —_ house
house
house
house
8 00 house
3 50 to
5 00 to
3 00 to
5 00 to
3 00
4 00 to
4 00 house
house
6 00 liouse
5 00 house
7 00 house
house
6 00 house
house
house
garden
gai'den
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
garden
etc. ample
etc. scarce
yes
ves
etc. abundant yes
etc. ample yes
etc. abundant yes
etc. abundant yes
etc ample yes
yes
ves
no
ves
no
yes
no
no
etc. scarce yes
etc. abundant yes
etc. ample no no
etc. abundant yes yes
yes
yes
etc. scarce some ves
no
no
no
no
no no
yes yes
yes no
no no
ves no
etc. abundant no
etc. abundant yes
etc. I abundant yes
etc' abundant yes
etc.: ample yes
etc.: abundant yes
etc. abundant yes
etc. abundant yes yes yes
etc. scarce yes yes no
etc. plenty no no no
etc. ample yes yes no
etc. abundant yes yes yes
etc. scarce yes yes no
etc. ample yes yes yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
no
no
no
etc. abundant no no no
etc. scarce yes yes no
etc. scarce yes yes yes
etc. scarce yes yes no
etc. ample no no no
etc. scarce yes no yes
etc. scarce no no no
etc. ample some little no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
36 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
^ o g
73
G
rger
173
t3 WAGES OF FARM LABORERS
ave
railroads
lucres
or
decreased
value
land
in
last
five
yea
c3
^-
G«
<X) CO
G ^ 3ndency
to
have
la
or
smaller
farms?
nprovements
on
Ian
last
five
years?
G
^ 0)
ll
ll ave
farmers
improv
in
mode
of
living?
)st
of
living
increasi
or
decreased
in
last
years?
COUNTIES.
53
5
rj
^
ffi P H hM t—
1
K S ?-
Moore.
Nash.
yes yes larger yes no no decr'd * 8 00 8 5 00
smaller no no decr'd 7 00 to 8 00 2 00 to
5 00
4 00
yes smaller no no no decr'd 8 00
no yes smaller yes no ' yes decr'd 7 50 to 9 00 3 00 to 5 00
yes yes smaller yes no yes decr'd 7 00 to 11 00 5 00 to 7 00
no yes smaller no no yes decr'd 8 00 4 00
New Hanover.
yes yes smaller yes no yes decr'd 7 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 6 00
yes no smaller yes yes ' yes decr'd 13 00 9 00
yes yes smaller yes yes no deer' d 8 00 • 4 00
Northampton.
yes yes smaller some no yes decr'd 8 00 to 10 00 5 00 to 8 00
no yes larger yes : yes yes incr'd 6 00 to 10 00 3 00 to (3 00
yes yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 8 00 to 10 00 5 00
yes no smaller yes yes yes same 8 00 to 12 00
no yes smaller no yes yes decr'd 8 33
Onslow.
yes no smaller yes -yes incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 5 00
no smaller no yes yes incr'd 8 00 to 13 00 5 00
yes no smaller yes yes yes decr'd 10 00 7 00
yes
no
•smaller no no no decr'd 10 00
smaller no yes decr'd 8 00 to 10 00
Orange.
no yes smaller no no no incr'd 7 00 3 00
no yes smaller yes yes yes decr'd 8 00 5 00
no yes smaller yes no yes incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 2 00 to 4 00
yes smaller no yes no decr'd 6 00 to 10 00 2 00 to 6 00
yes yes smaller yes no yes decr'd 10 00 5 00
Pasquotank.
,
yes smaller yes yes yes same 10 00 to 12 50
yes yes smaller some no no decr'd 8 00 to 15 00
yes yes smaller yes yes 1 yes decr'd 12 00 to 13 00 5 00 to "e'ob'
no yes same yes no [ some incr'd 10 00 to 12 00 6 00
yes no smaller yes yes ; same 8 00 to 12 00 4 00 to 6 00
Pender. 1
•yes yes smaller no no no same 7 00 5 00
yes yes smaller yes no some decr'd 8 00 to 10 00 5 00 to 6 00
yes no smaller yes yes yes decr'd 10 00 6 00
some yes smaller yes no yes incr'd 10 00 to 14 00 5 00 to 8 00
no yes smaller no no no incr'd 6 00 3 00
no smaller no no no decr'd 6 00 to 9 00
Agricultural Statistics, etc 37
2
—
Continued.
PER MONTH.
:;3 o
05 73
bc
C 1 •
> a c
o • l-i
^H a tc
a, s
S o
bo
2 o
^
"aS o o^ c^. O C- >.^
SP§ 'S
.—1 &c
.5 !=!
^.2
.3n3 ^ «
O
Si
$ 3 00
2 00 to
2 00
rations $5 00 house, garden, etc., scarce some no
4 00
5 00
2 00
3 00 to
2 00
1 50 to
1 00 to
3 00
rations 4 00 to 5 00 house, garden, etc. ample yes
rations 3 00 to 4 00 house, garden, etc. scarce ' no
rations 2 50 house, garden, etc.! abundant yes
rations 3 00 house, garden, etc.j ample , yes
rations 3 00 house, garden, etc. ample i yes
yes ; no
no no
no no
some yes
no no
6 00 rtitions 4 00
' rations
rations 3 00
house, garden, etc.j ample | some yes
house, garden, etc.i abundant | yes j yes
house, garden, etc. ample no yes
5 00 rations 3 25 to 3 75 house, garden, etc. ample ' yes
3 00 rations 5 00 to 6 00 house, garden, etc. scarce [ yes
rations 3 00 house, garden, etc. abundant yes
rations 1 00 to 4 00 house, garden, etc. scarce i yes
rations 3 00 house, garden, etc. abundant i yes
2 00 to
3 00
5 00
4 3 00
50 to
2 00 to
2 00
3 00 to
1 00
5 00
6 00
3 00 to 4 00
2 00 to
2 00
5 00
3 00 to 5 00
00
rations 3 00 to 4 00 house, garden, etc. ample , yes
rations 4 00 house, garden, etc. ample | yes
rations 3 50 house, garden, etc. abundant^ yes
rations house, gai'den, etc. scarce j yes
rations house, garden, etc. abundant some yes
rations house, garden, etc.j ample yes yes
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
house, garden, etc. scarce
house, garden, etc! abundant
3 00 house, garden, etc.! scarce
3 50 to 6 00 house, garden, etc.! abundant
3 00 to 4 00 house, garden, etc.i scarce
3 00 to 4 00 house, garden, etc. ample
2 50 to 3 00 house, garden, etc. ample
4 00 house, garden, etc. scarce
5 00 house, garden, etc.! scarce
house, garden, etc.j ample
4 00 to 6 00 house, garden, etc. abundant no sl'owly
3 00 house, garden, etc' abundant; yes | some
2 00 to 3 00 house, garden, etc.! ample j yes j yes
3 00 to 4 00 house, garden, etc.i abundant! 1 yes
house, garden, etc.! abundant' no i no
house, garden, etc scarce no no
38 North Car(jlina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
COUNTIES.
Perquimans.
Person.
Pitt.
Polk.
Eandolph.
Eichmond.
Eobeson.
Eockingliam.
> c3 cS f*
^ i)
CD
:w .ft
be
> a
O in
^^
? 2 O ^
yes
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
lyes
yes
yes
:yes
!yes
yes
yes
yes
no
iyes
yes
no
no
no
smaller yes
smaller
smaller
...-yes
smaller i no
smaller
larger
smaller
larger
smaller
larger
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no yes smaller
[ yes no
yes yes smaller
j
yes yes
no yes smaller no no
yes
no no
no no
no
no
smaller
j no no
smaller i some no
: no
same i some yes
larger i yes \ no
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
a; o
> c
«; *i
OS tc
OT3
WAGES OP FARM LABORERS
no
no
no
yes
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
ves
decr'd$ 6 00 to
decr'd: 8 00 to
decr'd 10 00
10 00 ,$-
12 00!--
decr'd
decr'd
incr'd
decr'd
same
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
decr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
incr'd
decr'd
same
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
50 to
8 00
12 00
10 00
8 00
10 00
8 50
9 00
8 00
7 00 to 10 00
6 00 to 10 00
8 00 to
8 00 to
6 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
incr'd 7 00
incr'd 10 00
incr'd: 10 00
same 8 00
decr'd
decr'd
same
incr'd!
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
lyes
yes
no
same yes
smaller
larger ! yes
larger \ yes
yes smaller yes
yes smaller
|
yes
yes smaller I
no smaller yes
decr'd
decr'd
same
same
decr'd
8 00 to
8 50 to
8 00 to
9 00 to
10 00 to
10 00
10 00
8 00 to
10 00
8 00 to
decr'd! 10 00
incr'd 10 00
____ 8 00 to
10 00
10 00
3 00 to
4 00 to
3 00 to
4 00 to
3 00 to
00
00
00
00 to
00 to
5 00 to
00 to
4 00
8 00
6 50
() 50
o 00
10 00
10 00
10 00
13 00
13 00
10 00
5 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
() 00
6 00
8 00
6 00
4 00
6 00 to
4 00 to
7 50
(j 00
8 00 to 10 00
5 00
6 00
4 00
8 00 to
00 to
3 00 to
5 00
10 00
8 00
() 00
Aghicultural Statistics, etc. 39
2
—
Continued.
PER MONTH. leges orers. tarce?
be
a
o 1
a
.'^ 'A
'ji
o pi
o S
'"' G -^ 60
o =«
O W
be o
> y CO
I o
^3
C
O
.-3 &C
2 !=!
1^ S
1 00 to 5 00
3 00 to 4 00
2 50 to 5 00
3 00
3 00
3 50
3 00 to 6 00
rations $
rations 6 00
rations 4 00
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
3 00 to
6 00
2 00 to
2 00 to
3 00
3 50
3 25
3 50
house, garden, etc.; scarce no , no
house, garden, etc. scarce yes \ yes
house, garden, etc. scarce yes , yes
4 00 house, garden, etc. abundant yes no
house, garden, etc. abundant no i no
3 00 house, garden, etc. scarce some J no
3 00 house, garden, etc. abundant yes I yes
house, garden, etc. abundant yes ; some
house, garden, etc. ample
house, garden, etc. scarce
house, garden, etc. ample
ihouse, garden, etc. ample
house, garden, etc. ample
yes ,
yes : yes
no 1 no
yes
j
yes
some I no
4 00 to
2 00
5 00
5 00
rations house, garden, etc. ample yes
5 00 rations 5 00 house, garden, etc. — some
j rations \ 8 00 ihouse, garden, etc. scarce yes
i rations j [house, garden, etc. scarce yes
i rations |house, garden, etc.: ample yes
j rations 5 00 house, garden, etc. abundant: yes
no
no
yes
yes
ves
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
no
no
no
no
no
some
yes
2 00
3 00
2 00
rations 5 00
rations 6 00
rations 6 00
house, garden, etc. abundant no
house, garden, etc. scarce yes
house, garden, etc. abundant yes
house, garden, etc. ample yes
no
I
no
yes I some
no j no
some no
a; P
no ; yes
yes j yes
no yes
5 00 to
3 00 to
6 00 to 8 00
2 00 to 3 00
4 00
2 00 to 4 00
6 00 rations
5 00 rations
rations
rations
, rations
rations
, i-ations
1 rations
j rations
rations
rations
rations
i rations
2 75 to 3 00 house, garden, etc. ample yes no
3 40 house, garden, etc. ample ;-
3 00 to 4 00 ihouse, garden, etc. ample yes yes
jhouse, gai'den, etc. amj>le no some
Ihouse, garden, etc. ample yes yes
no
3 00 house, garden, etc. ample yes I yes
4 00 house, garden, etc. ample yes yes
3 00 house, garden, etc. abundant yes yes
3 50 .house, garden, etc. ample yes yes
4 00 house, garden, etc. abundant yes no
no
no
no
some
some
no
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes ^
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
some
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
house, garden, etc. scarce yes : some , no , yes
5 00 house, garden, etc. ample some ; yes \ some yes
3 00 to 5 00 house, garden, etc. abundant yes no I no ;
40 North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No.
COUNTIES.
Rowan.
Rutherford.
Sampson.
Stanly.
Stokes.
burry.
Swain.
Transylvania.
&D
1< X
-^^ iS ??
2 !^
.s^ S >
B s
13 fi HhI
« H H^
no I smaller yes .yes
yes yes larger I no no
yes yes smaller ' yes yes
lyes ! smaller yes no
yes iyes ' smaller yes j
yes no smaller yes | yes
yes no , smaller yes i yes
yes no smaller no no
yes yes same some
yes
yes
no
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
no yes smaller j^es
yes
yes lyes
no yes
yes lyes
no
smaller yes
smaller ' no
smaller ves
yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
yes
I
larger yes
yes ; smaller no yes
yes
I
smaller ^ yes | yes
yes : smaller yes ; yes
no
no
no
no
no
|yes
no
no
no
ao
no
yes
no
no
I no
no
yes
larger yes J'es
larger
smaller
yes
yes
yes
no
smaller yes no
smaller some ; no
smaller yes no
smaller yes ves
smaller yes : ves
smaller yes yes
smaller yes yes
sanje ves i no
smaller yes yes
smaller
larger
smaller
yes
yes
yes
yes
ves
smaller yes yes
smaller ; yes | yes
smaller yes yes
yes
WAGES OF FARM LABORERS
dj O 1.^
." S Qj
a =H :^
yes decr'dl! 6 00 to 9 00 $ 2 50 to 4 00
no ;same 6 00 to 8 00 4 00 to 6 00
yes idecr'd 7 00 to 8 00
yes 'decr'd 6 00 to 8 00 2 00 to 4 00
little decr'd 10 00 6 25
ves incr'd 10 00 to 15 00
yes decr'd 5 00 to 15 00
ves incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 6 00
no decr'd 9 00 , 5 00
some decr'd 7 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 4 00
no incr'd. 8 00 to 10 00 4 00
ves incr'd 7 00 to 10 00 5 00
no decr'd ' 8 00 to 10 00 4 00 to 5 00
yes decr'd 15 00 10 00
yes decr'd 8 00 to 10 00 (3 00 to 8 00
yes decr'd 6 00 to 8 00 5 00 to 6 00
no same 8 00 to 14 00 4 00 to 6 00
yes same 7 00 to 10 00 3 00 to 7 00
no incr'd 8 00 to 12 00 j 3 00 to 5 00
some decr'd 8 00 to 12 00 ' 6 00 to 8 00
yes incr'd 15 00 7 00
yes incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 I
no incr'd 8 00 to 10 00 | 4 00 to 5 00
yes 'incr'd' 8 00 ' 2 00
yes decr'd; 8 00 to 13 00 5 00 to 8 00
yes incr'd 8 00 . 5 00
ves incr'd 10 00 I 5 00
yes incr'd: 8 00 to 12 00' 6 50
yes incr' d '
yes incr'd 13 00
little incr'd 10 00 to 15 00 : 8 00 to 10 00
yes incr'd 13 00 to 15 00
yes decr'd 8 00 to 13 00
yes same 7 00 to 10 00;
yes decr'd 9 00 I
yes incr'd 10 GO I
ves same 8 00 to 12 00
Agkicultural Statistics, etc. 41
2—COXTIXUEO.
PER ]NU)NTH.
O 03
.S-o
o „
-^ 3
oi"'-
be
0)
0; J. btp > C3 f3
eS
o
^&
1
c
.2
OQ
o
5,3 -M
(B c nS _6C
o^ 03 o
q Sc^
TO H
'§>
5^1
c3 tn
1 00 to 2 00 rations $5 00 to 6 00 house
2 00 to 4 00 rations 2 50 to 3 50 house
rations 2 00 to 5 00 house
rations 5 00 house
5 00 to 00 rations 8 00 house
rations 3 00 liouse
rations 5 00 to 8 00 house
rations 4 00 to (3 00 house
rations 6 00 house
1 00 to
2 00 to
1 00 to
2 00 to
6 00
2 00
2 00 to
3 00
4 00
3 00
2 50
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
5 00
4 00
4 00
4 00
house
house
house
house
house
4 00 to 6 00 rations
rations
rations
6 00 rations
3 00 to 6 00 rations
3 00 to 6 00 rations
5 00 rations
rations
2 00 to 3 00 rations
rations
3 00 to 6 00 rations
3 00 rations
rations
6 50 rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
rations
5 00 house
3 00 to 5 00 house
house
00 house
house
00 house
house
4 00 to 5 00 house
4 00 house
4 00 house
4 00 house
4 00 house
3 00 to 5 00 house
8 00 house
7 00 house
6 00 house
6 00 to 8 00 house
6 00 house
(3 00 house
5 00 to 7 00 house
5 00 house
5 00 house
house
garden, etc. ample yes yes
garden, etc. scarce yes i some
garden, etc. scarce yes |
yes
garden, etc. scarce yes
|
yes
yes
yes
garden, etc. ample yes
garden, etc. scarce yes
garden, etc. ample yes ;
garden, etc. ample some!
garden, etc. abundant yes i yes
garden, etc. ample some j no
garden, etc. abundant yes I yes
garden, etc. ample no I no
garden, etc. abundant yes yes
garden, etc. scarce yes yes
garden, etc. abundant yes some
garden, etc. scarce yes ' no
garden, etc. scarce some no
garden, etc. ample no no
some I yes
no yes
no yes
no yes
no
no
yes
no
yes
garden, etc. ample yes ' yes i no
garden, etc. ample no no
|
no
garden, etc. scarce no !