Annual report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the State of North Carolina |
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Mi Mi will of tf)e ®mbersiitp of jaortl) Carolina CntrotDeti b^ Ci)e Bialecttc anb ^fjilantijropic ^ocietiejJ 'AFTSTTLI Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/annualreportofbu1888nort SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE P J "i ' BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS State of North Carolina, FOR THE YEAR 1 UV. N. JOKES, Cotniiiissiotier. RALEIGH, N. C. : JosEPHus Daniels, State Printer and Binder. Presses of Edwards & Broughton. 1888. \-\^ b'V INTRODUCTION Hon. a. M. Scales, Governor of North Carolina. Dear Sir:—In compliance with the law creating the Bureau of Labor Statistics, I herewith submit to you and the General Assem-bly the Second Annual Report of this department for the year 1888. The subjects embraced in this Report are contained in six chap-ters, as follows ; Chapter I.—Reports from Mechanics. Chapter II.—Reports from Mechanical and other Employers. Chapter III.—Apprentices. Chapter IV.—Manual and Technical Training. Chapter V.—Public Roads. Chapter VI.—Agricultural Statistics. Chapter I is devoted to reports from" mechanics in reply to inquiries in reference to their wages, hours of labor, &c., and their educational, moral and financial condition. A large number of this class of correspondents have responded to our inquiries, and we have thought best to give what they have said in full. Their replies make a very extensive and interesting chapter—one presenting much valuable information, as well as opinions and suggestions as to what would benefit this class of our citizens and the producing classes of the State generally. Chapter II is from mechanical and other employers of labor. The reports made are in regard to capital employed, wages paid, articles produced by the business reported, and also information in reference to the condition of the employees in them. The purpose being to get employers to give facts and opinions in reference to their business affairs, (to be used in a general way,) as well as infor-mation upon those points upon which employees expressed them-selves in the previous chapter. It is hoped and believed that having these expressions from employers and employees coming together will prove a mutual benefit to both. In Chapter III, the present apprentice law of the State is exam-ined, and opinions obtained from the Clerks of the Superior Courts of the State, and others who were supposed to be familiar with the IV INTRODUCTION. present law, as to its practical workings. As will be seen, a consid-erable majority of the correspondents do not believe that the pres-ent statute meets the needs of our people on the subject. Many practical suggestions are made by them and presented in the chap-ter, as are also the crystalized ideas of other States in the shape of extracts from their apprentice laws. In Chapter IV, some ideas have been gathered and inserted in reference to manual and technical training. A comparatively new subject, it is true, to most of the people of the State, but one that is destined to occupy a considerable share of their attention in the no distant future. It was thought proper and useful, therefore, to give some of the ideas of the leaders of thought upon the subject in this report. Chapter V, deals with the present public road law of the State. In it are given the views of many correspondents in this State, representing all shades of opinion upon the subject. Extracts from the road laws of other States are also given. This is one of those public questions that of .necessity claims a large share of the atten-tion of the people of the State. Information upon the subject will be appreciated, and it is safe to assume that no chapter in the report will get more attention than the one on public roads. Chapter VI, which is the last, is given to Agricultural Statis-tics, and is, in the main, concerning the productiveness of farming in the State the past year. The facts and figures given were taken from the experience of individual farmers, the correspondents of the Bureau. The deductions made from the information given will prove of interest and value, as will also the remarks contained in the chapter, in reference to agricultural affairs. Besides the foregoing subjects, it was the intention of the Bureau to present in this report also, a chapter in regard to the mining indus-try of the State, and much information with respect to the business and labor in them was collected, but it was not as full as desired, and as the matter of the report, without the chapter on mining, oc-cupied as much space as could be given to it, we determined to withhold the same for further investigation and fuller data. The size of the present report, together with the smallnessof the appropriation made for the support of the Bureau, is our excuse for not undertaking the investigation of other subjects which we were INTRODUCTION. requested to investigate by persons interested in them, and which were in line with our duties. As will appear from this report and the former one, a considera-ble correspondence has been carried on by the Bureau with the people of the State. Their interest in the department has con-stantly increased from the beginning. They have given us generous and cheerful aid by responding to our inquiries, as well as by words of encouragement. They have recrgnized the Bureau in its true light, as a vehicle for the expression of views upon economic ques-tions and afTairs of State, and along with the information furnished of a private nature, the correspondents have given their opinions upon public affairs as well as those that immediately concerned them. The expressions for the most part have been conservative and prudent. There are but few bitter criticisms even in stating complaints, and what is said will commend itself by reason of this fact. Abuses will sooner be corrected by a plain, temperate ex-pression than in any other way. The considerable space given to the statement of opinions from correspondents will do good. They will command that attention from all which the voice of the labor-ing and producing classes should receive. The Bureau is designed to be an educational force. Its purpose is to investigate matters pertaining to the producers of the State, and to present them for public consideration. In this way it is hoped that a just public sentiment will be produced and fostered, and thus encouragement will be given, and the avenues to the highest development will be kept open. To the producing classes belong the hope of any people, and when their ideas are sought and they are encouraged and developed the best results follow to all. No better way has been found to do this than for a State to look particularly after these classes—to see what their condition is and what it ought to be and then present it for public consideration. Those States which have done so have been the most progressive and prosperous—not for one class but for all classes. In this age of machine and corporate power States must be on the alert as well as individuals for the best conditions, and those that are watchful get the prizes, while those that make no extra efforts find them-selves far in the rear, eating the dust and dirt of those in front. It is true that it is not the diaty of the State to have any class of VI INTRODUCTION. its citizens as pampered favorites, but it is its duty to see that those ideas prevail which shall bring the best results to the body politic. That is done wherever enlightened views obtain about economic questions which concern the condition of those who toil. It is well known that servile labor is not the best labor, and that kind which approaches it has never brought the best results to the State. Those nations of antiquity were not the most prosperous or the most powerful when the lines between those represented by the patricians and plebeians were the most strongly drawn, and little attention given to the great body of the people. The same lesson may be learned from mediaeval and modern history, and if we take up the history of the English speaking people we shall see that every step they have taken away from vassalage—every movement among them which has given stimulation and encouragement to those who toil has brought the best results to ail. The history of the past may reasonably be relied on as an index for the future. The purpose, therefore, that called into being labor bureaus is a high one—that purpose being to look into the condition of the producers—particularly of those who are employees—to get their ideas and present them along with the ideas of others—to get ideas and to give back ideas, that they may act and re act, that the pub-lic mind may be informed and a just sentiment created and fostered. The first labor bureau was established in Massachusetts in 1869 — a State in which more attention, perhaps, is paid to economic science than any in the Union. The Massachusetts Bureau made such a record for good in that Commonwealth, that no department of State was more relied on or created a greater interest than the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It came to be liberally supported, and it soon attracted attention in other States by its work. In 1872, Pennsylvania established a similar Bureau, and in 1876 Missouri also established one ; other States followed, until now there are twenty-two State bureaus in existence, and also a National bureau, which has recently been enlarged and made a separate department of the government. These bureaus owe their rise and growth to no sudden impulse or ebullition of feeling, but the good effect of their work being seen and observed, they have steadily widened their influence and made their way to public favor. It is safer to assume that the development of this kind of statistical work has just begun. INTRODUCTION. VII The statistical department of government does not to-day, highly as it is regarded, occupy that prominent position which it is destined to assunne. There is an eagerness everywhere apparent for statisti-cal information, especially on economic questions, not for theoretical, but for practical purposes. The time has come when it is recog-nized that it is best for States to " keep books," as well as prudent business men, in order to post themselves thoroughly about their internal affairs, to see what their condition is and what their possi-bilities are—hence the avidity for statistical information. The field which the North Carolina Bureau is intended to occupy therefore is not new or untried. It is a field well known, practical and definite, and one from which may be obtained the best results to the State. The work accomplished by it the past two years is only an earnest of what can be done. It is hardly necessary to say that such work as the Bureau has in hand should be well done, and suf^cient funds should be provided for that purpose. The act establishing the Bureau allows three thousand dollars for the first year's work, and two thousand dollars for each subsequent year. By reference to this creative act, it will be seen that this latter sum is less than is necessary to run tiie ordi-nary expenses of the department. By the most rigid economy it requires the sum of three thousand dollars to pay the salaries, post-age and incidental office expenses. This amount is required to meet the expenses of the Bureau when the work is done entirely by correspondence, as was done the past two years, and is less than that allowed by any other Bureau in the country. Most of the bureaus allow a special sum for travelling expenses for investigation by canvass, and the money expended in this way is found to be wisely spent, because in some instances, and in regard to some lines of investigation, it is necessary for statistical work to be done by canvass in order to get the best and most reliable data. It will only be necessary to call attention to the present allowance for the sup-port of this department to show how meagre it is, and also how insufficient it is to do the work embraced in the act establishing the same. In transmitting this report, we desire to say that the thanks of the Bureau are due, and are cordially extended, the many corre-spondents who have answered our inquiries, and who have given VIII INTRODUCTION. the information contained in the Report. They have served their own as well as the State's best interest, by giving this information and expressing themselves concerning the labor and industrial inter-ests of the State. Our thanks are also due for courtesies extended by the press in sending copies of their papers to the Bureau, and also for kindly expressions in regard to the work done as shown in the first Report. Mention should also be made of the kindness of many county officers in giving information, which was very beneficial to and very much appreciated by us. Respectfully, W. N. JONES, Comwissioner. Raleigh, January i, 1889. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1888. CHAPTER I REPORTS FROM MECHANICS. The reports received from mechanics during the present year are contained in tliis chapter. It will be seen from the tables and re-marks embraced in it, that all the counties of the State are represented, some more fully than others, but all by several correspondents. The number of returns from some of the counties, however, is not as great as it should be. The reason of this is that the mechanics in these counties did not answer the blanks sent out as fully as they were answered in others. A considerable number of blanks were sent into every county in the State, but a great percentage of mechanics are unused to expressing themselves by correspondence, and hence a failure to answer. Many have opinions and information which they are willing to give an expression to off hand, but it is difficult to get an expression from them on paper. When this fact is con-sidered, the returns which are contained in this chapter, both as to value and scope, will be appreciated and acknowledged as very full. It is gratifying to know tliat the percentage of those answering our inquiries is larger than is reported by most of the Bureaus of other States. In reading this chapter, it should be remembered that the reports from which it is made up are from individual mechanics, who live for the most part in the towns of the State. In some instances they may not represent the general average of a county, but as a general thing they do represent the counties from which they come, and it North Carolina Labor Statistics. is believed that the averages for the State will be found to be relia-ble. From the tables it will be seen that the average journeyman compensation in the principal mechanical pursuits of the State is as follows: Blacksmiths, $1.38; brickmasons, SI.^5; carpenters, $1.40; machinists, $2.06; millwrights, S2.10; painters, $1.43; printers, $1.44; wheelwrights, $1.50. While the above rate of compensation is not as high as in some other States of the Union where the centres of population are larger, yet it is to be noted that the number owning homes and accumula-ting, from the reports made, is higher than in States where a greater rate of compensation prevails. The percentage of those owning liomes from the reports received is 59; percentage accumulating from wagers received 39 ; percentage running in debt for living ex-penses 20. This is a creditable showing, and speaks well for the thrift and economy of the mechanics of the State with the compen-sation received. •The average reported wages paid in cash, from the returns sent in, amounts to seventy-five per cent.; wages paid in merchandize tw^en-ty- five per cent. Attention is respectfully called to the remarks made upon this point in the first report of the Bureau, a part of which is as follows: "Another matter which should receive the consideration of those interested, and to wliich attention is called by some of the correspondents of the Bureau, is the system which prevails with some emi^loyers in the State, of requiring their employees to trade at certain stores—a system which is known in other parts of the country as the " truck system." Wherever it has been used it has been uni-formly condemned—causing more or less dissatisfaction and trouble. * * * By such a course, employees are not allowed the benefits of competition in trade, whicli is always beneficial to the trader. Compulsion in this matter is unjust, because the employer insists upon making two profits upon the employee's work — one on the product of his labor, the other on the consumption of his labor. Such a course savors too much of greed, and even if carried on justly, would create distrust. * * * Happily, the " truck system " is not verj^ extensively prac-ticed in North Carolina, though .in connection with some enterprises in the State it is carried on. It is to be hoped that it will never be followed by the shops and factories in the Ptate. It would even be better to pay less and allow workingmen to have their earnings, whatever they are, to do as they please with, rather than compel them to trade at any particular place. There can be no valid objection to any employer carrying on a store if he so desires, but to compel his employees to trade there cannot be justified."' Reports from Mechanics. The average price of board, as gathered from the returns from the different counties in the State, is nine dollars and five cents. This information was sought for the purpose of affording some idea of the cost of living in the State. It represents neither the highest nor the lowest price paid, but the average, and it is believed that the answers given will afford a just idea of the subject. A question was contained in the blanks sent to mechanics as to the cost of living by families, but it seems not to have been answered in a large number of instances as it should have been. Some failed to include the cost of clothing, others did not include cost of farm products raised by them and consumed, and there were other reasons which indicated much unreliability, hence it was deemed best to rely upon the answers to the cost of board as affording a more correct estimate of the cost of living in the State. The average amount of rent paid by those reporting is forty-two dollars and fifty cents. The average number of months the public schools are kept open is four. This is some larger than the average given by the Super-intendent of Public Instruction of the State in his report, but this is to be accounted for by the fact that the returns of the Bureau, for the most part, come from the towns of the State, as heretofore indi-cated, and when this fact is taken into account the average months given will be seen not to be too large. Out of the fifteen hundred children reported in the families making returns to the Bureau, one thousand and fifty are represented as attending school, something over two-thirds. The average hours of labor per day, as show^n in the table for the State, is ten and four-fifths. This is a very high average, and one that ought to be lessened, and will be when a just view of the ques-tion is taken by those who insist upon a greater number. Coming to the remarks contained in the chapter, we find that con-siderable mention is made about the large number of incompetent workmen in the various counties of the State, who set themselves "up as proficient to tiie detriment of those who are really competent. This is attributed by some to the present method of apprenticing those who learn mechanical trades, in which there is no obligation of the employer to instruct, and consequently no stipulation on the part of the apprentice to serve for instruction. It happens that em'- North Carolina Labor Skatistics. ployers take apprentices without expecting to give them employ-ment when they arrive at that age when they must have such wages as will support a family. Their only expectation is to get cheap work out of the apprentice as long as possible, and when the time to pay something like journeyman wages arrives the apprentice is displaced, and some one else is taken, ostensibly, to learn the trade? and thus the process is continued, not only to the detriment of profi-cient workmen, but of many fair employers as well. Prices are disturbed by this method, both as to labor and the pro-ducts of labor, by crowding the market with half proficient me-chanics. Much is said in the remarks about the loose methods of employing apprentices, a"nd the disadvantages resulting therefrom, but as this subject is fully considered under the head of apprentices in the third chapter, the attention of the reader, is called to what is said there. No doubt the subject of incompetent workmen comes closer to the mechanics of the State than any other. We are led to this conclu-sioli by the prominence given to the subject in the remarks sent in. If, therefore, any just and practical assistance can be rendered by which better mechanics may be turned out of the shops of the State, it should receive the careful attention of those who represent the people in a legislative way. The practical question comes up, can this be done, and if so, how? We believe that it can be done, and that too as suggested by many correspondents of the Bureau, to-wit: By a system of certificates such as are now given to lawyers, doctors and teachers. We believe it can be accomplished in this way in connection with the present school system of the State, and if it can be done, it is just as in-cumbent upon the State to foster learning in mechanical ways as it is to foster the training of the mind. The fact is, many thoughtful people are beginning to see that these two kinds of instruction have in the past been too widely divorced, and there has not been that attention paid to hand training which should have been. Certainly the State is very much interested in skilled labor, because material advancement comes in this way. As shown in another chapter, pro-gressive States are waking up to this conclusion, and are following out their ideas by establishing manual and technical training schools as a part of public education. North Carolina is now making a be- Reports from Mechanics. ginning in the same direction, but it will, doubtless, be some time before school education in the State will afford any general and spe-cific advantage to mechanical training. A system of mechanical certificates could, however, be very soon put into operation in con-nection with the public school system without any detriment to it. This could be done by making it the duty of the Superintendent of Public Instruction in each county to give these certificates in proper cases. While this officer could not, of course, be expected to know enough by himself about the various mechanical pursuits carried on in a county to pass upon the proficiency of those who might ap-ply for certificates, (no one would be able to do that,) yet if the ap-plicant were required to state in his petition applying for a certifi-cate what his qualifications were, and to give references as to work done by him, and to furnisli tlie testimony of those who were ac-quainted with liis abilities, botli employers and employees, as to whetlier he was worthy of a certificate, and if so, what kind of a certificate, the superintendent could easily satisfy himself from evi-dence given, or such additional as he might seek in liis discretion, what the applicant was entitled to, and could govern himself accord-ingly. He could give him a first-class certificate, or a second-class certificate, or a third-class certificate, or no certificate at all, as is now the case with those seeking positions as teachers in the public schools. If the superintendent should be required to publish the days upon which he would visit the different townships of a county, the infor-mation necessary to pass upon applicants could be very easily ob-tained. The superintendent must visit the public schools anyhow; the time consumed in investigating mechanical applicants would not be considerable. In this way any sensible and vigilant superin-tendent could pass intelligently upon the merits of every applicant. Certainly the method suggested would be a better means of deter-mining mechanical ability than the average examination of the schools and professions to determine standing in them. The superintendent might be required to make a report of his action with respect to applicants to the county board of education, stating therein the names of those examined, to whom certificates were granted, their occupation, grade of certificate, by whom recom-mended, &c. These facts might be recorded by the clerk of the board in a book NoKTH Carolina Labor Statistics. kept for that purpose. It would, doubtless, be well to make it the duty of the board of education in conjunction with the superin-tendent to pass finally upon all applications, and to provide that the boards of education in the several counties should be composed of one practical mechanic. The adoption of such a plan as the foregoing would, of course, make the duties of the superintendent of public instruction greater than they now are, and consequently his compensation would have to be greater. In order to meet this, at least in part, it might be deemed wise to require that a small fee, not to exceed one dollar, accompany each petition. If any additional pay should be neces-sary it could very well and properly be borne by the general school fund, as it would necessarily be slight, and the work done would be to the greatest advantage of the commonwealth, creating of neces-sity a spirit of emulation in the various" mechanical pursuits of the State. Such a system of certificates would be just as salutary as it is w4th teachers and others. The first grade certificate would be striven for, because it would show that the mechanic holding it was a first grade mechanic, and was entitled to first grade pay. There would be a constant effort on the part of those following mechanical pursuits to obtain this grade of certificate. This would be an ad-vantage not only to employees, but of employers as well, because they would be enabled to know at least something of the c|ualifica-tions of mechanics. It is true that there are mechanics whose reputations are well known as good workmen, who would not need or seek these certifi-cates; but it is also true that there are large numbers who would seek them, and to whom they would be of great advantage. It may be said that the system is not intended alone for those who are well known as proficient workmen, but for others also. To those whose reputations are not established it would be beneficial in that it would show where merit was. At the same time it would be a pro-tection to those whose reputations might be established, because it would indicate who the good workmen were among those not well known as such. This would be to the advantage of merit all round, at the same time the system would stimulate to attain proficiency on the part of those not having it. As many thoughtful mechanics, not only in this State but in Reports from Mechanics. others favor this system, as is to be seen in the reports of the various State bureaus, their opinions deserve very careful consideration- We beheve there is much practical good in the idea, and if the system is inaugurated it is peculiarly appropriate that it should be done in connection with the public school system of the State— a system that owes a great deal more to hand traning than it is now giving. There are many other subjects of interest discussed in the re-marks of this chapter, and attention is respectfully directed to what is there said. North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. 1. — Showing Occupation of Individual Mechanics reporting THEIR Hours, of Labor, Wages and how paid. Number for Board, Number in Family, School Months, Occupation by Counties. 4J a 0) O ^ 6 to 'D <V CO o & CO a; g , a & OD CO .5 CO Oi 1" a; -^ 3 Percent, wages paid cash. Per ct. wages paid in store orders. CD >-i r-t <B H Alamance. Iron Worker . . . Carpenter 35 8 15 3 33 40 40 3 14 10 12 9 30 12 30 12 12 3 3 12 11 10 12 "io 10 10 10 12 10 11 10 10 10 12 12 12 10 10 11 10 10 ]-J 11 12 10 12 10 10 10 12 12 11 12 11 11 11 $ 75 $..... $20 '66 $. :day 240 OOiirres-ular . 25 50 50 100 75 50 50 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Blacksmith 1 00 1 75 "2'66 2 00 1 00 1 25 2 00 1 50 1 25 5 00 Harness Maker Wagon Maker.. Machinist day day day day day day 25 25 75 Millwright 75 Carpenter Carpenter Brick Mason 220 00 100.-.. lOO:... 100.... lOOi-... 100;.... lOOi... 751 25 50 50 lOOl .... 100 .. lOOi . . 50j 50 Carpenter Carpenter Engineer Blacksmith Moulder 9 00 288 00 year month ..._ day day or job-day or job. month job job job "'"'60 2 00 2 00 1 25 276 00 172 00 Aj*exander. Millwright Cabinet Maker Carpenter Blacksmith 200 00 Carpenter 1 25 100 Millwright Alleghany. Millwright Stone Mason .... Harness Maker 8 "25 2( 35 10 10 10 10 7 20 9 7 7 12 17 10 20 10 8 1 25 1 00 2 00 50 1 25 -1 00 1 50 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 75 1 25 1 00 1 00 1 00 2 00 6 00 "eoo'oo 144 00 500 00 day month 100 '"so 33 100 67 75 25 100 100 50 25 33 50 100 100 50 "50 67 ""33 25 75 "50 75 67 50 ".50 yes yes no yes yes ptly yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes no Laburer Meclianic 3 00 12 00 Carpenter, etc.. Blacksmith 6 00 day job job week month day job job day day job month AirgON. Carpenter, etc.. Painter Mechanic . . Carpenter Blacksmith ASHE. Cabinet Maker. Carpenter Blacksmith Stone Mason 6 00 6 00 6 00 7 50 7 00 "e'oo 6 00 "25'66 26 00 300 00 300 00 83 00 20 00 Bbaufort. Laborer Laborer , . . 10 50 12 50 9 Laborer 100 00 year 1001.... Printer 10 00 100|.... yes Reports from Mechanics. TO THE Bureau from different Counties of the State past year, with OF Days lost from Inability to obtain .Work, Price paid Number Attending School, &c. C (X; tn O Q 50 250 180 180 92 ^.none 8 60 30 00 none 25 00 25 100 00 50 00 150 00 75 00 none 60 00 75 none none 75 150 30 none none 100 none "30 i^ ^ O CO as 1^ $6to7i 6 to 71 6to7i 9 00 8 00 7 50 7 50 7 to 8 9 00 8 50 7 to 8 9 00 7 50 6 00 6 00 8 00 8 00 6 to 10 8 00 6lo8 7 00 5 to 6 5 to 12 5 to 6 8 00 10 00 6 to 8 5 to 8 10 00 10 00 8 00 7 50 6 to 8 6 to 8 7 50 7 00 7 00 6 00 7 00 12 00 yes yes I yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no yes yes yes no yes « 42 36 no free yes I no 1-- no 60 tc^ 15 10 20 10 :'C *? a I* '-^ c o o O J5 s: ^ O) l^i O C5 ci Oj <B I A- a-l yes sme yes yes yes no no no no no yes no no yes yes 5 ?r ! S'q yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes \ es yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes yes I yes sme yes sme no no yes no yes yes yes sme! yes . . - . i yes yes i yes no I yes no , yes sme yes 25 no , yes no : ves no yes yes no yea yes yes yes 10 10 2 4 8 H 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 2^ yes yes 4 no yes ' 3 no i yes ; 2 yes no ; . - 3 3 3 1 "2 3 '2 2 "6 2 5 fi o. S c .S t> <! no no no no no no no no no no no no no yes yes no no no no no no yes no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no p^a no yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes no yes yes no yes yes no no no yes yes yes no yes no yes yes no yes no no yes no no yes yes no no no no no no no no yes no yes no no no yes no no no no no no no no no yes no yes no no yes no no no no no no yes no 10 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. I>^ Beaufort. Sawyer Machinist Brick Mason ". . . Carpenter Carpenter Brick Mason Carpenter Lumbering .... Sawyer Bertie. Brick Mason Carpenter . . Carpenter Blacksmith Carpenter Bladen. Blacksmith Sawyer . .. Blacksmith Carpenter Blacksmith . . . Blacksmith Blacksmith Cooper . Edgftool Smith _ Carpenter Supt. Saw Mill . , Wheelwright... Machinist Cooper Brunswick. Painter Engineer.. Carpenter Brick Mason Painter Laborer Blacksmith Mechanic Carpenter Mechanic Wheelwright . .. Blacksmith. Wheelwright BU>'COMBE. Carpenter .. Brick Mason Plasterer . Wagon Maker.. 1 3 20 ]0 6 55 4 10 23 10 25 6 30 30 15 18 25 18 4 25 25 25 45 12 16 4 88 p. « ffl 11 11 12 12 11 10 11 lU li 12 11 10 10 11 11 11 10 10 m 'lO "12 1 50 1 50 2 50 1 25 75 1 00 1 75 2 00 1 50 1 00 1 00 2 25 1 50 1 00 2 50 1 25 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 00 2 50 3 00 2 50 1 50 9 00 00 9 00 7 00 10 00 5 00 12 00 G 00 9 00 15 00 18 00 bs. "S U ,^ ^ "^ u - > ? ^ ... week . . ... job . .. ... diiy day .- ... day 500 00 day . .. ... irregular . ,week week 400 00 job month . . . . . week . . . Iday and job 312 OOijob 30 00' 50 00 day ._-.. ...... week . . . . - ... day . . - . 360 OOidav _ . 480 O0;month .. day job day 15 00 . . . . week .... 600 00 month ... iweek [week Iday . 180 00; month .... 300 00; job . ... irregular . . 290 OOlday 300 00 day Ijob i job ... 350 00 job . . . . . week . 768 00 day . - week . 700 OOijob.. :plh 100 100'- 100^ . 100!. 100'. 100 100 50 100 ...... day and job 25 500 00 day 100 300 00 month ... 100 day 50 irregular 100 100 100 67 "iob 100 100 100 50 100 10 100 50 50 lOO 100 67 100 ioo 100 100 50 100 100 100 75 ^ « o yes ptljr yes yes yes yes-yes yes yes 50 75ino -- yes 50 yes yes yes -- ijes lOOino 100 no 100 no ... yes - - - 'yes 33 yes lOOno -- jyes ... jyes -- yes 50 yes yes yes no yes 100 yes yes yes yes no ----jyes -- yes ... lyes 50jyes yes yes yes. 25 yes. Reports from Mechanics. 11 -Continued. , ^ I TO CO " I 03 ^ W P G) O Ph 200 00 200 00 50 00 250 00 200 00 75 OOi ..-.$10 00 5| 8 00 200^6 to 12 4'6 to 12 100; 10 00 10 10 00 100 8 to 10 -...17 to 10 150 00 none; 10 00 42 250 OO'none 30 72 00 240 00 200 00 8 00 10 00 10 00 8 00 7 00 10 00 3r 10 00 10 00 6 00 ._-. 8tol5 100 8 00 .-..I 10 00 .-..^ 8 00 ...J 8 00 .-- I 5to8 none 100 none 1 none 100 00 few 150 00 ... 300" 00 150 75 25 30 30 12 00 12 00 IGO'8 to 10 14 00 6 00 8 00 6 00 8 00 5 00 10 00 8 00 lOtolS 12 00 10tol5 10tol5 no yes yes yes yes yes yes no no yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes no no yes 3'es yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes K fl ^ 0) U 73 « 03 'iJ T <^ <v t^. 0; f^ bD^ bC-*^ <Z CO n <3j dJ CO O TO ^ ":P; $ 25 b'ds b'ds 54 54 60 n'ne 84 100 b'ds o rfl cc >i CO cc S ^ o) '•^- :^ x-% I 0, o I oj o ' j^ . ciiS S I 3 ^ (Ph C 0^ i = o no no yes no yes no ! yes yes' yesi yes yes; 251 no I yes ' 25 no yes | 25 no . -. no "yes no yes yes: yes' yeSj yes; yes I 15 yes no --. j yes yes ' .-., yesi yes j . . I 1 yes ' yes I 25 i yes I no . -- -- j no I no j . . . 25 yes ' yes | . . 25i--- , yes j ,.-- lyes' 25 no 1 yes } 50 ..-.|yes jyes I yes yes I yes yes no no - - - yes 121 -. 12j no 25 j no - - . s rne . .. no 50 no -- yes ---1 no 25! no . I no lOj yes ..no 25i yes ...lyes . .. no yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes 4 4 4 I yes yes no 2 3 no yes 2 yes yes yes 4 10 10 yes -. . no no no no no no no .-jyes 3 no 1 no . .. no 1 no 2 I no no no no 2 5 5 no 3 1 1 no 5 ' 2 2 no 3 I 5 2 ! no 4 ! I ves 4 ' 6 ' 3 "no 41 1 -. . ! no 4 i 6 3 no no no no no no no no no no no yes no yes yes 5 I* Ph =(-i no yes no no no yes no no no yes no no yes yes no no no no yes no yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes no no no no no no no no yes no no I yes no no no yes no yes no yes no no yes no no no no no no yes no no no no no no yes no yes yes no no no no no no yes yes no no no no no 12 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. Buncombe. Shoe Maker Carpenter Carpenter Laborer Wheelwright Blacksmith Painter Harness Maker. Brick Work.... Machinist Burke. Tinner Printer Printer Plasterer Brick Mason . . . Brick Mason Carpenter • . ... Cabarrus. Carpenter Miller Brick Mason . . . Plasterer Laborer Brick Mason Drayman Cabinet Maker.. Wagon Maker., Carpenter . Brick Mason... Wagon Maker. - Caldwell. Brick Mason... Carpenter . . Printer Blacksmith ... Brick Mason Carpenter Camden. Wood Worker.. Carpenter . . Engineer . Carpenter . Brick Mason . .. Wheelwright. . . Sawyer Blacksmith Carpenter, &c.- Carpenter . . . O & 4 5 1 37 20 15 30 16 12 15 12 1 14 14 US 12 9^ 10 10 10 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10^ 10 10 10 10 10^ lOj 10 10 1 10 "12 1^56 1 25 3 00 M bO 1 50 3 50 1 25 toll 2 00 2 00 75 2 00 66 1 25 1 50 2 50 1 00 1 00 1 25 1 00 2 00 2 00 1 35 3 00 1 75 2 50 1 50! 1 50 9 00 7 00 10 00 3 001 00 7 50 13" 00 7 50 io'oo 9 00 25' 25| bD C 'f u 5 =« TO OJ 350 00 812 00 500 '00 300 00 " a >-. 9 ^ a Ph week.. .. day week week week irregular week . . week .... week .... week 100 100 100 ! 100 I 100 I 100 i 100 i 100 I 100 6 00' 300 00 day and job: 6 3 75i 170 OOweek i 100 50 00 40 00 220 00 360 00 100 100 50 100 day and job! 100 I week.. I 100 month ... job week week . . 350 00 204 00 week., week . week . . week . . month job . - 300 OOlday-!! week . . 280 OOljob... -- day .. . . day - . 350 OOiweek. week, day .- day .. 50 50 100 101 80 50 100 job. week 500 OOimonth 400 00 day and job 400 OOdayandjobI 75 25 50 100 100 100 100 100 1 100 100 rH " C 200 00 day month ... job job. month ... 100 100 100 100 50 — yes — no -- yes ... yes ... !yes ---lyes . - no .. jyes lyes lOOno } 33; yes ... lyes ... lyes lyes 50 no -- lyes ---jyes - - - lyes - iyes 50|no 50|no .. lyes . - . iyes 20y'es ...-lyes ... yes 50jyes lyes -- lyes 70 no oOiyes -- iJes . . yes . . . yes . . yes - - yes 83 no - - - yes -- yes 25 yes ... yes - - - yes . . . yes ---yes 50ino Reports from Mechanics. 13 1.—Continued. <D - I o a> 7^ CO 03 rv 03 O ' 03 O Pi rs 00 c fTi i-y aJ : O . a o t Ml -r! ! ^ =* a c3 none ioo'oo 50 00 300 00 350 00 200 ....i$10 00 ... J 10 00 none 15 00 lOO'lOtolS .-..|10to]5 -_-.10tol2 901 10 00 1008 to 13 lOOj 12 00 90ll2to20 501 10 00 2318 to 15 ... I 12 00 100' 10 00 182i 130 10 00 10:8 to 10 150 8 00 6 to 8 8 00 8 00 10 00 296i8 to 12 12 00 7 to 8 7 50 8 00 8 00 7 to 8 ! 1509tol0 inone 10 OOj none none 10tol2 none 8 00: -.none 7 to 10 1 ....:7tol0l I 150'5tolo! I .... 12 00 none ' .... 10 OO: 100 00 200 8 to 10 300 00 none 8 00 none | 150|8 to lOi 250 00| ....i 5 00 L...I 7 00: none l 60; 7 to 81 none | 200' 5 00, 100 00 10 yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes no no yes no no no no no no yes no no no yes no yes yes yes no - yes yes yes no yes yes yes « a oi CO Ph 36 140 30 36 36 b'ds 39 42 free yes no no yes no yes no yes yes ' yes 50 >% > Co P4 10 60; 24' ^ >: yes yes yes yes yes no no yes no no yes no yes no no yes yes 25 no no no no no no yes yes no no no no yes no yes yes yes a-g yes : 5 yes I 6 yes 5 yes I 5 yes j 10 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no yes yes : yes no yes . - . no yes . . . ! yes [ yes 33 yes \ yes . . . I no ! yes ...I 'yes ^ a, 3 cc Km 2 yes 2 no no no yes no no no no no ^ yes no I yes -- I yes no I no no yes no no no yes no no no no no no no no no no 2 I no 2 ! no 4 1.... ... no . ..' no 2 no 5 no no no no no no no no no no no no no yes no no no no no yes no no no no no yes yes no no yes yes no no yes no no yes yes yes yes no yes no yes yes yes no yes no yes yes yes yes. yes no no no yes yes no no yes ! no yes i no no no no j no no j no yes 1 no yes no no yes no no yes no no no 14 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. Camden. Brick Mason Wheelwright Mechanic ._ Engineer . Millwright . . Carteret. Carpenter Laborer Carpenter Shoemaker Brick Mason... Sawyer Machinist Carpenter ._.... Laborer . . Brick Mason Painter Printer Mechanic Mason Mechanic Ship Carpenter. Laborer ... Fisherman Carpenter Fislierman, &c. Carpenter . ... Ship Carpenter Caswell. Engineer Sawyer Millwright Machinist Brick Mason... Plasterer Cari^enter Blacksmith Painter Catawba. Carpenter Factory Overse'r Wagon Makf^r. Shoemaker Carpenter Harness Maker Carpenter ..... Supt. C'ton Mills Blacksmith Carpenter .. o ^ 2.. 301 40l 30] 30! 201 3^ 37 4 3 25 20 24 30 18 15 15 20 20 35 15 15i 50i 50 50 50 11$ 2 00 12 1 25 2 00 1 50 11 12 9 11 4 10 18 12 24 12 5 12 8 12 io 20 12 2l 12 15' 11^ 22: 10 15 12| 1 50 1 50 2 50 2 00 2 50 2 50 1 25 1 00 1 00 75 1 00 50 "l 00 95 1 00 1 75 2 00 1 25 7 50 2 40 9 00 35 00 00 25 00 300 00 job. job. day day day 200 00 day . . . . . month 450 00 360 00 600 00 job 600 00 day... day... month day . . . day . . . job... week . week . 50-^ P4 75 50 100 100 100 100 ioo CO 7- Ph 25 yes 50 yes yes yes .-..yes yes lOOino . ... yes ... yes yes 14 no 200 00 250 00 day -- |day -- Iday day . . . day 250 00 250 00 200 00 day 50 100 100 100 lOU 100 day day day-, day . . job., job . . job.- job.. week . day - . job .. 20 -. day 00- 300 OOday day 5 70 job week . month month 600 00week - 400 00|day-.- 100 100 75 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 86 -- yes 100 . . yes 50| 50|yes 50 100 100 50 33 100 33 25 100 50 25 yes yes yes yes yes no yes no yes yes yes yes yes 50 50 100! - 50 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes Reports from Mechanics. 15 -CONTIxVUED. O O) -^ >-. ri ai 2 « CO o Q ^1 & t CO a; a u g c . > CD > a> gs a bC 'S i rv 03 w dJ u cc ^ 0, cc ^ ? ^0 — «: 13 'Z. S2 0-7- II Ph yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes +2 X C3 C i CO _. c ^ p". 3 4 4 4 4 4 ^^ 5:0 3 6 5 5 5 4 be c ^ c' ^ c g-s 1 4 3 3 3 2 0; S — r « s no no no no no no |l || < no no yes no no no U 03 1*^ CO Si I* ^ be «=2 none j 150 S16 OOnone 6 to 10 5 to 8 6 00 8 00 8 00 10 00 8 00 4 9 ? 7 9 5 1 1 1 2 2 i "3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 .... .... 1 no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes no no yes 3'es yes $ 18 ... 5 no no yes no no 100 00! ---- .... .... no no 250 OO! snie no no yes yes no no no no no yes no no no no no no no no no yes yes no no no 150 00 none none none 100 60 150 — no none 6 OOi 5 10 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2i 10 3 3 3 3 24 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 4 8 5 "3 2 "3' 4 1 1 /^ 1 1 4 2 2 1 3 3 '5 '2 1 "1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 no no no no no no no yes no no no no no no no yes no yes no no no no yes yes yes no no no no no no no no no no none none 10 00 5 00 7 00 15 00 12tol5 8 to 10 8 00 16 00 10 00 15 00 8 to 15 8 00 7 to 10 6 00 8 00 8 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 5 to 10 5 to 10 10tol5 10tol5 3 9 7 14 8 6 7 2 4 6 3 5 6 5 5 6 4 .2 1 1 3 3 4 .... 25 no no yes '20 "20 ""33 none ! 150 400 00! 100 "48 .... yes no no no 25 00 none none 300 00 90 150 125 75 150 15 '200 none none 100 Qone none no no yes yes no no no no no yes yes yes yes no no no none none none b'ds b'ds .... .... no yes no no none 175 00 .... -- no no no no _ . none 3 3 4 3 2A 24 4 6 4 h 3 6 3 '2 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 """ "90 .... ' 225 8 60 7 50 10 00 8 to 12 5 7 3 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 yes ... .... ... no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no yes no yes no no no no no yes yes no no no no no 125 OOoone 75 00: .... 9 00 7 8 to 10] 4 lOtolS 3 8 to 10 6 7 to 10| 9 8 00 2 6 to 8 5 9 00 11 6 to 81 -4 yes no no yes no yes yes yes yes ... 25 "33 20 "15 no no no sme no yes sine no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no none . . . 55 .... yes 200 oo; 50 4 no 7 3 none 1 200 none none 36 no no no 200 OOnone 6 2 6 2 no ^ no 16 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. ri4 -3 k. 0* 'O ^H ?^ 0) ? « : T5 Catawba. Mason - Chatham. Brick Mason . Machinist Carpenter Brick Mason . Laborer Machinist Brick Mason . Carpenter .... Carpenter Fireman .. .- Carpenter Moulder Carpenter Laborer Carpenter Sawyer Lab'er (Moulder) Pattern Maker Blacksmith— Cherokee. Brick Mason . . Brick Mason . Carpenter Laboi-er Painter Carpenter . _ . . Carpenter .... Painter ..... Carpenter Machinist Carpenter .... Brick Mason . Brick Mason . Chowan. Carpenter Carpenter — Printer . Painter Wood Worker Painter Mechanic Clay. Carpenter Mechanic Blacksmith .. 35 2i 7 12 10 20 39 5 20 30 12 35 20 10 20 17 12 22 2 12 2 3 20 7 25 9 12 20 6 40 10 7 13 12 12 12 m 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 12 12 12 10 10 Mechanic 18 10 10 10 10 i2 10 10 12 12 12 lOi 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 10 12 10 10 $ 7 50 1 50 1 00 1 75 60 1 50 2 00 1 50 2 00 1 25 75 1 25 50 1 25 1 50 1 50 F ^ TO O bd&lO 1 50 1 80 1 50 75 'im 1 00 1 25 t 50 2 00 1 CO 'l'25 2 00 1 16 1 50 1 50 9 00 4 50 00 12 00 "600 12 00 180 00 job day job day day day 300 00 120 00 450 00 26 00 8 00 7 00 75 1 25 1 00 1 30 9 00 ^5 -^ a P-I PLh day day job (-4 O CS 73 Sc c "* o 0/ " day day month ... year day irregular irregular . month . . day 129 OOJday day and job day job day and job day day day . . - . quarterly day 468 00 313 00 576 00 313 00 450 00 400 0( 364 00 day 50 100 100 100 50 67 50 33 33 100 50 100 50 week irregular week week day week .... week 300 00 , day job day 73 <» 100 100 33 100 50 100 100 50 100 33 100 100 25 100 100 100 25 25 20 100 'lOO 100 100 100 100 50 100 50 50 50 67 yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes. 50 yes . . . yes 50 yes yes yes no - lyes - jyes 75no iyes yes yes no no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Reports from Mechanics. 17 1.—Continued. be?! S5 H &X)53 3^ CO o 13 O) o I w) i I ^ '' '3 ' O . f?cr CO 0) bO' :^^ So tj I faC-M he oj I « CO re K Pi feJC'l :.fl CO _ O o-f ^: ^ =^ii^ p^i o o i ^ 2 i-S be ; r^ ' -iJ fTr! ! +J 0^ Oj CO •b "^ ' S " Cl t-^ Oh ^ 0) o S3 -^ to8' 4 ; 1 iyesj$ --i yes yes half 1 14 50 OO; 25 none 30 none [none none jnone 365 00 150 300 00 52 00 50 00 none 50 00 75 none 10 none 60 2 20 160 30 75 17 none none none farm none none 100 30 ao 6 00 6 00 7 to 12: 5 to 10 10tol2 9 00 8 00 8 00, 12 00: 9 00 lOtolS 12 00 8 to lO; 8toio: 6 to 8 8 00 7 7 1 10 8 00 5 to 7 8 to 12' 10 00 9 00 9 00 8 to 12 8 to 10 8 to 12 10 00 10tol2 10 00 8 to 10 8 to 12 15 00 15 00 12 00 13 00 12 00 12 00 12 00 75 6 00 7 6a 4 to 8 5 ..-.[5tol0 8 none 7 00, 2 yes no no yes no no yes yes yes no no no no no yes no no 1 I yes 1 no 3 ves 3 no --- yes 1 no .-- no 1 yes 2 no 1 no -.- no . .. no 1 yes 1 yes 1 I yes ... no. 1 yes 2 no --. no 1 yes 1 [yes 1 no 24 b'ds '2d".'. sme no yes yes yes yes yes yes 'yes I yes yes j no - I yes sme! yes sme yes yes 25 25 12i no yes yes no 18! ... 24 25 60 yes yes yes no yes - - ; yes lOj yes ! yes . .. jsmelyes . ..{ no lyes -...yes. yes no yes 25 25 b'ds 60!.... b'ds 10 50 no yes j yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 25 30 yes I yes no lyes yes j yes yes [ yes no yes yes I yes no yes 3 10 3 > 6 5 3ij 4 i 4 ! 4 8 3 4 3 6 3 yes no yes yes no no «^es no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Oj '" t< § ^i^-s ?.: DO ! no no no no yes no no no no no no yes yes no 4 I no . ..[ no . - . I no 1 no 3 no no no no no no no yes no no no no no no no yes no yes no no no no yes no yes yes no no yes yes yes no no no no no no no no yes no yes no no no yes no no no no yes yes no yes no no yes no no yes no yes no yes yee yes no no yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes no no no no yes no no no no no no yes no yes no no no yes no yes no 18 North Carolina Labor Statistk s. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. 0, ra o Cleveland. Painter .... 6 Harness Maker., 11 Printer I Millwright | 9 Carpenter J 7 Blacksmith i 8 Gunsmith I 34 Blacksmith . . . . { 20 Columbus. Carpenter ..... | 30 Machinist I 8 Carpenter | 17 Carpenter Mechanic Sawyer Brick Mason . _ . Brick Mason . . . Blacksmith . Brick Mason . . Mechanic . . ... Laborer Mechanic ..... Printer ... Blacksmith Craven. Machinist Machinist . . . . Blacksmith Brick Mason... Tinner . ... Fireman jEngineer . . . Moulder Machinist . . . . iCarpenter Sawyer • Carpenter . Machinist Blacksmith Blacksmith •Cumberland. Carpenter, &c.. Painter Harness Maker. Machinist Wagon Maker . . aboa-er Pa^inW ... Paper Hanger.. 17 2 11 12 12 10 26 45 60 25 11 25 12 25 40 23 18 26 26 11 10 10 12 12 12 io 10 12 12 30 10 20 10 3 12 7 12 10 10 12 43 20 io 10 10 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 12 10 10 03 0; ! ^ ^ a ;$ 1 50^$ 9 00 1 00: 6 00! 24 00 2 OOi I 1 50! 9 OO! 1 25, 7 50 1 501 1 25 1 50 1 50 9 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 1 50 1 50 2 00 1 00 60 1 00 6 00 900 2 00 2 50 12 50 .- contract. 245 00 job 288 00 : week _.. day job job job job ... .. day [day i.iob... - - . day . . . 312 OOimonth .:.-.- -.[job... day . . day . . - week . 300 00 jday... 172 OO'month week . 200 001 imonth 785 OOday ... 390 00 month 250 OOweek . |day. . month . .. [week . . . ... month 9 00 10 50 month day . . . 700 OOi week.. !day . 600 OOI week-. . . . I week . . ;day ... . . [week . 350 00 day . . week- 600 OOJday . iweek. [day -. Ijo'b.. Ijob.. re ^ ' a, i" a'" ". o Hh PL, 100 50 50 100 25 50 100 100 75 100 100 50 50 50 33 67 67 100 50 100 100 100 100 60 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 100 25 50 100 100 40 50 -§2 yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes no yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes -lyes yes 100 .... 100 .... 100 .. 100.... 100 .... yes yes yes yes yes 501 50jyes 1001 -..-jyes 100!.... lyes Reports from Mechanics. 19 1. — Continued. 100 00 4 60 75 noue! ribne 65$8tol0 _ 7 to 9 10 00 6 to 9 8 00 8 00 6 00 5 to 6 300 00none;7tol0 none! 6 00 9 00 6 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 none little none none iiOne 60| nonej 10018 to 10 ... 6 to 10 150 8 to 10 ... 8 00 .. none!8to 10 I 901 12 00 100 00 251 8 00 none none 35 00 50 00 none none none 100 none 100 16 1 none none none none 50 200 150 60 150 OOinone I 100 12 00 10tol5 8 to 15 10 00 12 00 12 00 12tol5 10to20 8 00 12tol5 15 00 10tor> 10tol5 10tol5 12 00 none none 20 OOinone none 1 125 none I '$ 8 00 10tol2 15 00| 15tol71 12to20l 6 to 8' 12 oo: 3 0^ o S no !$ 60 no 1^ yes no no yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes no no no no no no . - yes ' . . no yes II no I 60 no I 60 yes! - IK) b'ds no yes no no b'ds 48 no ' 120 no 30 no 120 yes no no no yes no no no 24 60 b'ds it; CD 0^ H^^ C3 re .1.^ T3 fl v 0) n CC 5 x^ CI '•« f:- <D _ O ! Oh !""c !h CC >-. CO li CO LO CD I o bci-G i '^ o Ph .r: ;Si; i G ^ J i^H cl o 1^- 10 28 12 12 yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes no yes yes ! yes no yes no no no yes sme no no no 20 no Isme I sme; 1 no .no yes no no no no no no yes sme sme no sme yes no no sme yes no no ;z; S o i-Q 9 I' 1 A' k.r "3 yes yes I no yes yes yes yes no 1 yesi no no I yes ! yes j yes! yes no i yes! yes; yes, yes I yesj yes I yes yes yes yes yes yes yee yes: i yes; J yes ... yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes 2 1 9 9 9 6 6 6 9 9 9 I 9 , 4 ' G r-' yes yes yes no no no no yes yes no no no yes 3 ... no 6 no 2 no no no no yes yes yes no no no no no no i no no no no no no yes no I yes no I yes no no no no no no no no yes no no yes yes no yes no no no yes no no no no no no yes no yes no yes yes no no yes no no no no no no no yes yes yes no no no yes no no no no no no no no I no no ; yes no yes no no no I no no i no no no yes no no no 20 North Carolina Labor Statistics TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. 0./ CO 9 t^ Cumberland. i Sawyer I B Millwright j 64 Currituck. j Carpenter 10 Blacksmith .... 17 Davie. Plasterer _. 20 Brick Mason 20 Carpenter 8 Blacksmith 18 Cabinet Maker . 8 Coppersmith 7 Brick Mason ... 8 Carpenter 30 Davidson. Brick Mason ... 40 Wagon Maker.. 30 Printer 7 Brick Mason... 34 Moulder 30 Wagon Maker.. 22 Mechanic . . 5 Tinner 25 Carpenter . 35 Dare. Fisherman ..... 42 Mechanic 23 Brick Mason... 30 Carpenter . . 25 Carpenter, &c.. 25 Carpenter 20 Mechanic 6 Duplin. Blacksmith 17 Mechanic 30 Carjjenter 22 Blacksmith .... 32 Wheelwright .. Mechanic 12 Mechanic 30 Sawyer 30 Carpenter 20 Coppersmith 30 Carpenter 25 Blacksmith 15 Wheelwright . . 15 Painter 30 Carpenter 10 Carpenter 25 CS 73 10 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 10 TO (D .1—H PH 1^ ^ 3 OOi 1 50i 2 50 2 50 1 25 1 00; 26 00 1 OO' 1 00 6 00 300 00 600 00 0) p-i O) - hCrQ TO o3 cc OJ si S CD IS month job .- . day 'job 100 100 100 100 150 OO'dayandjobi 100 150 00 day and job! 100 dav I 100 313 00 job 67 week day 2 001... - -1.-- ---.iweek. 1 50; 9 00 36 00| 432 00 day . 33 00 2 50 2 00 12 00 300 OOiday .. 550 OOiweek. .. I week. 4 00' 200 OO^week. 50: 9 00 job.. 25 7 50, 360 OOiweek. job 376 OO'month 1 25 2 OOi 12 00' 1 25 7 50 50 100 67 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 10 00 9 OOi 00 00^ 50i 50i 50 00 2 50 1 50 2 00 6 00' 00^ 36 00 6 00 9 00 00 36 00 Iday 100 250 00 day 100 225 00 day . 223 00 day day 500 OOiday 300 00 day 300 00 500 OOi day .. week . day .. day - job - . week, day.. 450 00 400 00 400 00 300 00 430 00 day job job job day job 100 50 50 1(J0 100 25 100 25 40 100 100 100 100 25 50 50 67! 109! 25 50 ? CO . yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yeis yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no Reports prom Mechanics. 21^ 1. — Continued. c« d t-l ,^ O dj 03 O Q $ I ....|12 00 none ^none 13 00 03 O PL, ! 601 8-00 none' -..J 12 00 none i 240 8 00 none i 240' 8 00 ! 150: 8 00 .. jnone 7 to 8 none ! 150 6 00 ' .... 8tol0 : .... 8 00 ...; 8 00 ...;8tol2 ... 8 to 12 ...8 to 15 ,-.. 6to8 none none 10tol2 none none 6 to 9 none : 7 to 8 .... 10 00 75' 10 00 .... 6 00 60 00 150' 7 00 125 00 none 8 to 10 100 OOi .... 5 to 7 150 12 00 150 00 .. 10 00 none 10 5 to 8 6 to 7 6 00 8 to 12 8 to 12 8 to 12 6 00 6 to 10 6 to 8 8 00 7to8i 8 00! inone 8 OOi ! 150 10 00 i 150' 10 OOi ' 6to8! 100 00 75 12 00' none none 75 00 40 00 40 00 none none 6C S 3 . fe CO bx. 1 i yes . . . ' yes yes no 1 I no 1 I no no no no no yes ... yes ... yes . .. no ...'yes . . . ' yes 1 j no - - i no 2 I no . -.1 no I 1 'yes 3 yes 2 ; yes 3 yes 2 , yes 2 lyes 1 no (D ft W 05 P O) CO 90 10 25 yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no 22 18 30 a> u 1> &' OJ -t-> Ti QJ 03 ! a; o cd Ph yes no 12 25 25 13 sme sme no no no no yes —, o o o O be fL| yes yes no yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes sme yes no I yes yes 1 yes no j yes no I yes yes : yes no yes - iyes no yes no yes yes yes sme yes no yes yes ; yes yes i yes no no no yes no I yes no [ yes no i yes no j yes no 1 yes no I no yes i yes yes i yes yes no yes yes yes yes o > no yes yes I no no I yes OJ -S jo g ^ o 1 \ 1 3 3 i2 U^ Sort ft ^- "a ftC q ego ?3 ; f*^ 03 TO 14J rj ^ <v bo yes no no no no no no no no no no no yes yes no yes yes no no no yes no no no no no yes no no yes yes no no no no no no no no no no noj.... no lyes yes no no no no yes no no no no no j yes yes no yes no no jno no jno no yes no no yes no no yes no yes no no no no no yes no no yes no no no no j yes no ; yes no no yes no no yes yes yes no no no no no no no no yes no no no yes no 22 North Caeolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. pii 'tJ TS 0) J4 J4 tj is S r- 0/ s to '"'- ft 02 03 1 (h ^ 3 o tc a o p. i^ Oj ^ nriPT.TN. 25 15 11 10 8 11 Mechanic \ 10 Mechanic ' 25 Durham. , i Brick Mason . Blacksmith .. Brick Mason . Machinist ._ .. Carpenter Blacksmith . . Painter ,. ! 15 Brick Mason . . . i 13 Painter | 10 Painter 4 Stonecutter ...J 7 Moulder.. | 31 Rock Mason ! 5 Brick Mason . . . | 10 Machinist . . 9 Printer j .. . Bricklayer i 8 Edgecombe. Printer Laborer . . _ , Carpenter . _ _ . Sup't Oil Mill Carpenter Blacksmith I 16 Moulder 1 14 Printer | 3 Printer | 2i Forsyth. I Machinist j 6 Plasterer j 4 Mechanic _ i 33 Blacksmith 1 33 Carpenter | 34 2 25 7 2 10 Printer Carpenter Painter Machinist .. ... Printer Marble Worker Brick Mason . . . Printer Printer Blacksmith Painter Painter Machinist 15 3 li 7 7 5 5 30 9 8 15 10 7 10 $ 1 00$ 6 00 10 75 4 50 1 75 1 25 'i"50 312 OOlweek ! 100 week i 50 iweek : 100 12 00! i iweek .... , 100 9 OOS ! Iday , 100 5 00! 20 OOi 240 OOlweek i 100 6 001 26 OO! 'week ! 100 8 OOj i 416 OOlweek 100 6 OOi 26 OOi week 100 10 50 7 50 "o'oo 13 00 7 50 40 oo! 39 oo! 438 00 day day . . semi-mon. 3 25 7 50 i3'50l 9 00 9 OOI 11 10 day.. ... .. jweek. 324 001day . 197 00! day - - |day 13 00 jweek. I week . j week . ! week 468 OOVlayl. day . . 432 00 week. 300 OOday _. 600 00! week. 100 100 lOOl 100 100 100 100 lOOJ lOOi 100 lOOl lOOl lOo! lOOi 67| 100| 100 lOOl - - lyes 50: yes ...lyes - --lyes ...lyes ---lyes - - - iyes - - - yes - - lyes ... yes ... yes -- yes --- yes ... yes ... yes - - - yes ---lyes ...iyes - -- yes ...yes ... yes - - - yes -- yes 33yes ---lyes - --lyes ...lyes Reports from Mechanics. -Continued. 13 § o a +^ O-.i i-3 O 1) o i5 d g o none 40ij) $ none; 6 00 i none '10tol5 none 90 10 00 none 190 10tol2 none none 10tol2 ---- 13tol5 20 10 00 100 00 150 10tol3 18012tol5 none 60,8 to 12' none ?510tol2 none I 100 12 00 none ' 100 10 00 none 180 10 00 190: 10 00 none |iiorjeilOtolo none 20 none 100 10tol3' 40l2to20 , .-.. 13 00 -jnone 10tol3 I .---I 10 00: 310 00; 140!l0tol3i none few 10tol3; none I 150l0tol3' none I il0tol3 - ,10tol3 none nonet 13 00 10tol3, 335 00 60 8 OO; 300 00' none 8 00' none | 60 13fcol5 none jnone 8 to 15 none 6 10tol3 : 10010tol2 ; ... 8 to 10 none ' . 350 OO'aoneStolO none ^ 1010tol3 .-.10tol3: none 8 to 10 none 30 8 00 j 9010tol3, I 77i 10 00 40 10 00' j'es j^es yes ] no no j a ill -U I O 35 oj I OJ 3 6o: 75! no no no no no yes no yes no no yes no yes no 36 looL 30| ioo! 100' 100; free 1 ;yes|._-. ..-' yes ! . - 1 I no ! 36 . _ . I no' ] . . - ^ . . . I no 4 ' 1 no 7 1 3 yes 8 yes 6 yes 4 1 yes 1 ves 4 1 no 1 1 1 1 no 1 1 no 3 3 yes 1 yes 3 1 yes 10 16 60 yes . . yes ! . yes j lOD yes no ' . 5' 35' 6 35 10 35 10 35 50 100 no yes no : yes no yes no no no yes no no no no yes no no yes yes no no no no suie no no no 3 me yes yes no no no sme no no 33 yes no no yes no no yes yes yes yes yes yes y es yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes « fS ''B ii. '^ ^!^ be <i, 'C oj s: a 05 a i o "c ^P ji c S ^£ "2 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes ves yes ; ... . yes 10 ves . . . 8 10 yes ves no no no yes DO 'no 1 no 1 yes ... no . .. no . - . ves yes no no no no yes no no yes yes no no no no no no no no ' yes no j yes yes ! no yes I yes yes no no no no no no no yes no I ves no ! no I no yes no no no no no no no no no yes no 1 1 no ! yes no I yes no no j yes no j no no j yes ves j no no no no yes no yes no no no no no no no yes yes no no ves yes yes yes no yes no yes no no yes no yes no no no no yes no no no yes no no no no no no yes no no yes no no yes no 24 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. Forsyth. Cabinet Maker - Franklin. Carpenter Machinist Miller... Painter Stone Mason . . . Gaston. Carpenter . . Carpenter Stone Cutter . . Stone Mason.. Brick Mason... Plasterer Blacksmith Carjjenter Painter . . Mechanic Gates. Brick Mason . .. Mechanic Blacksmith Carpenter . Sawyer Painter _ . Carpenter Carriage Maker Blacksmith ... Graham. Mechanic Carpenter .... Millwright Blacksmith . . . Granville. Eijgineer Machinist Brick Mason. - Plasterer . Laborer . . Painter . . , Carpenter Carpenter Brick Mason.. Carpenter ..... Greene. Carpenter Meclianic Carpenter Wheelwright.. 9 >-. o P- 10 17 19 20 34 18 28 40 14 15 16 10 app 11 10 12 10 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 12 12 12 11 12 10 11 1 00 12 10 I 10 : 10 10 i 12 1. 10 i 10 I 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 I. 2 00 1 25 1 50 1 50 2 00 1 25 2 50 2 50 1 25 1 50 1 00 1 00 "i 50 1 25 2 00 1 25 1 35 75 2 00 100 2 00 2 50 2 00 2 00 6.00 9 00 9 00 "7' 50 6 00 9 00 9 00 7 50 8 71 50 12 00 12 00 12 00 10 50 9 90 10 50 1 25 1 00 1 35I 36 00 30 00 35 00 33 50 15 00 45 00 313 00 irregular job toll job week 439 OO'day 335 00 day 300 OOiday . . . week week & job 433 00 318 00 week, day.. week. day . . . day . . job . .. 430 00: month 430 00 month 500 00 390 00 job- _ month month day., day., job - - week. week . jweek. 400 00, day . 400 00 300 00 550 00 330 00 350 00 14 00 day job . . week . . week.. week.. w^eek.. month day . . day _. week, year ^- lis °S Ml ?^ C I . c 0-1 Ph 100 100 100 100 75 100 67 100 75 50 100 100 160: 100! 100! lOOJ lOG] lOOi 100 100 35 100 25 25 33 35 50l 50! 100 100 100 100 lOOi lOOi 67t 100' 100: 100: 100: 50 100 67 25 J? 03 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 50 no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes 33 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Reports from Mecpianics. 25 1. — Continued. .S "i" O 0) -*^ >^ to O p-o 0) o .2 a a .s a s a B "a •F-H cd « CO t> CO 0) CO CJ CO 73 CO •S. » p. Public School in neig;hborhood. Months open past 2 11 =1 3 CO br. a 1 ^ . P s So 3 CO 6 OJ CO If ^2 CO a; 11 Cj-M < ;h CO +^ a to a; .a'> $ none '5,0 10tol3 R yes no no no yes $ yes no no no yes yes yes j 8 yes 1 4 yes 4 yes ! 4 yes 1 4 yes 3 no no yes none no none none 100 75 6 to 8 6 to 8 6 to 8 8 00 7 50 7 '5 4 1 1 1 1" fi-ee free 60 36 4 3 yes "'3 3 ""3' 1 no yes no none no none — no none 36 50 "90 mny mny' 'ioo 165 50 8 to 10 lOtolS 8 00 9 to 10 lOtolo 10tol3 8 00 8 to 13 8 00 9 to 13 7 4 5 3 3 3 5 8 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 "1' 1 yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes no •-- .... "15 35 10 no no no no no yes ttO no yes yes no yes' yes yes yes yes no yes sme yes| 3 yes 3 no ... yes 3 yes 3 yes 3 yes 3 3 1 3 2 1 no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no "i 3 1 "1 1 1 no none 66 .... ... no no none 35 yes no 3 no none 36 yes no yes no none none 100 none none 8 10tol3 10 00 9 00 lOtolS 10 00 lOtolS lOtolS lOtolS 6 to 7 10 3 10 7 7 3 1 4 8 1' 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no' yes yes ves 40 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes 3 3 4 9 9 4 4 4 4 7 3 2 4 '6 no no no no no no no yes no yes yes yes yes yes no yes no yes yes no 1,000 ---- .... no no 15 no none .... 5 5 no 73 00 I8i 10 yes no none 5 00 8 00 8 00 6 6 6 6 4 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 3 no no yes 1 yes no yes 1 no .... no no no none 150 150 150 150 100 60 13 00 13 00 lOtolS 10 00 13 00 10tol2 13tol5 10 00 10 00 10 00 6 6 3 3 5 8 7 4 1 1 60 60 no no no no yes no no no no 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 5 6 3 3 3 2 3 yes yes no no no no no no no no yes yes yes yes no no no yes no no no none 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 no yes yes yes no no yes no yes no yes no no yes 400 00 30 "10 no 400 00 60 00 ---- 2 1 .... "3" no 50 00 100 75 yes no no none 100 150 --- "lOi no none no 6 to 8 5 to 8 10tol3 10tol3 5 8 4 4 1 1 1 1 35 free free sme no yes 3 "3 4 3 6 3 3 3 3 no 50 00 none 25 00 60 none 10 ""36 "25 no no no no no no no yes 26 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. -a OJ CO Greene. Brick Mason . . Guilford. Machinist Blacksmitii ... Engineer Printer Carpenter .... Harness Maker Carpenter Mouldei- Moulder Harness Maker Machinist .... Meclianic AVagon Maker. Paiater ._ Stone Mason. . Painter Paper Hanger Blacks inith .. . Carpetiti?r ..... Machinist HaliF-\x. Printer . Painter Bookkeeper Stone Mason _ . Blacksuiith i Carpenter j Harnett. Millwright , | Laborer Machinist . } Millwright i Miller..' [ Brick Mason...! Carpenter I Sawyer Millwright ... Carpenter . _ ... Haywood. Wheelwright . . . ^ Plasterer Brick Mason . . | Carpenter Painter . . Blacksmith ' Mechanic Wagon Maker.. 17 16 24 30 80 10 10 10 34 15 16 3J,- 8 19 10 15 20 -a a) p ^ 9 10 il 10 10 20 7 30 30 11 20 2 41 26 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 9 10 10 10 10* 10 10 12 10 9 10 10 10 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 10 12 j$ 1 50 i 1 62 1 25 I 75 ! 2 00 I 1 50 1 50 3 50 2 50 'l'l2 1 OU 1 25 1 25 1 50 1 25 1 25j "l"25| 1 57 1 $ 9 00^36 00 33 50 4 50 a ~ ^•g " o OC O (H c day . 500 00:senii-mon 400 00 month . . 220 00 week 600 00 week 9 00 ' week il^ !Ph 50; 50 loo; . ioo| .. loo! lOOj. lOOi - ..1 jday _--... I 500 OOmouth . . 15 00 I 600 OOlsemi-mon 6 75 7 50 9 00, 00! 430 00 1 50 1 04 1 50 35 1 50 2 00 50 o 00 3 00 2 00 1 50 1 50 3 GO 6 25 2 50 semi-mon week ... week . week Idav I job - - - - - Job . - . job . . clay 475 00!senii-mon 25 00 jmonth . . 1 job . _ . . . 324 OOjmonth . . iob 9 OOi 80 00 10 OOi 9 00 108 GO 916 00 14 OOi 52 OOi 200 00 500 00 appr job-day _ - mouth day . . . day . . month day . . - day . . day . . - job . .- job . . - 40 30 14 15 m 10 10 10 3 00 12 OOj 3 OOi 1 1 50' i 10 11 10 1 50 1 50 1 00 9 00, 6 OOI 26 00 300 00 400 00 400 00 job., day . - day .. day _ . week . day., day . day . 100 100 100 100. I 100 100 100 100 100 part yes yes yes yes ves yes yes yes 1,00 100 50 75 100 100 50 100 100 50 50 50 100 38 100 100 100 100 50 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes ves yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes no no no yes yes Eeports from Mechanics. 27 1. — Continued. tC i^ G 3 O m 0) 4^ Q Ph Ph as none none none none none none none I 150 8 to 10 10 00 8 00 10to30 8 to 16 10 00 10tol2 8 to 15 10 00 10tol2 15 00 10 00 10 00 10tol2 10 00 8 to 10 500 00: 90 Inone ino2ie none none 10 30 10 150 150 30 18 9 00 8 00 10tol5 10tol2 150 00 100 10 00 60 00 none, 15 00 .._ ' 10 00 .-.- i ..-.;5tol0 none I 60' 10 00 none 8 00 100 00 none 5 to 6 80 10tol5 -_ 10tol5 ! 7 00 none 60 500 00 150! 500 00 150! 12 00 8 00 8 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 150 00 25 00, 150 oo; __J10tol5 15! 8 to 10 75! 12 00 4010tol2 9a!10tol2 ... 10 00 50 6 to 10 ... 6 to 8 3 10 10 5 6 11 11 7 7 1 4 4 5 '3 CS EC 03 s Ot o a OS , U ^ t; I' O I ^ 3 tJO ! R m oj o &j[ j= i: 1^ o 03 K Ph ^ P-, " IhJ Ph 5 c o t-. ?i o " " 03-'-' a ^ <1 " no free ... 3 1 2 3 2 4 1 8 6 5 6 i yes yes no yes no no no yes yes no no yes yes yes no no yes yes yes yes $ 30 60 100 18 no free yes no yes yes no ,yes 2 ves 100 35 "64 yes yes no no yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes no yes yes ves free 36 36 10 lO'i no yes ! yes no i yes no i yes sme-; yes sniei yes no ' yes no j sme[yes ..j lyes --I - lyos . j yes I yes . I no I yes 3sme| yes 16 j no ! yes no j yes no I yes no j yes no I yes . . . ' yes 10 ...lyes 25 yes I yes no ; yes no ; yes no I yes no 1 j'es no ves no yes no no yes no yesj yes': no I no smei no yes; no no no ! no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - a; 03 03 r:^ P-O I 5 9 5 5 9 9 9 9 4 1 1 no no no no no no no yes no no no no no. no no no no no no no no yes no yes yes no no no no no no no no no ves yes : yes no no no no no no no no 1 I 1 "3 "2' no no yes yes no yes yes yes no no no no no no no no no yes no no no no no no no no no no no yes no no no no no no no no no no no yes yes yes ino yes yes no no Ino yes no no no no no no 1 I I no yes lyes no no yes yes yes yes no no yes no jno no jno yes . . . yes I ... •28 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. Henderson. Lumberman Plasterer Brick Mason... Blacksmith Sawyer Carpenter Hertford. , Carpenter Wheelwright... Printer Blacksmith Painter _ . Coach Maker . . . Hyde. Meclianic Millwright Machinist . . Blacksmith Wheelwright... Blacksmith MillSupt Iredell. Brick Mason... Brick Mason Plasterer Blacksmith Printer Printer. . . Tinner Painter _ . Printer. . Blacksmith . . . Plasterer . Brick Mason Painter Carpenter . . Jackson. Laborer Brick Mason Carpenter Printer ... Millwright Carpenter Brick Mason Carpenter Blacksmith Wagon Majier.. Laborer ffl 16 16 11 7 30 15 3 35 10 40 15 10 10 5 1 14 20 12 40 8 14 5 10 20 3 10 10 35 19 6 15 5 4 18 15 8 15 40 o ft 15 11 2 00 60 1 50 1 50 1 25 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 50 i 00 'l"50 1 50 1 50 1 75 1 50 1 50 1 25 1 25 1 00 75 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 00 50 1 50 1 50 250 1 25 1 50 M 12 001 5 00 3 60i 9 00; $ 900 00 400 00 500 00 50' 00 23 50 31 50 15 001 "s'oo 9 00 30 00 9 00^ 7 50. 00^ a CO dj CS OJ O ^ H 9 00 7 oo; 8 OOi 36 00 00 75 187 00 400 00 270 00 389 00 240 00 350 00 400 00 465 00 494 00 240 00 week week irregular week .... job job month month day . . . week . day day day job job job day day day day job week .... week irregular day week month . . day .... - job day job 300 00 346 00 200 00 432 00 day day day week day and job day ... year . . year .. month cS' CO ^-2 ^ 5 100 100 100 100 100 100 67 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 75 67 50 33 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 ioo 100 50 33 10 20 20 50 ---yes -.-lyes ---lyes ...jyes ...jyes - -iyes ---lyes ---iyes 33jyes --•lyes ...jyes ...lyes ...jyes ---iyes ---jyes --• iyes ...lyes lOyes ---iyes 25! yes 33'yes 50 no 67 no . .. yes ...iyes ...lyes ...yes -.--yes ---.yes . . . lyes . -.yes 50;yes ...jyes 50 yes 50 yes lOOlyes yes ... ;yes SOiyes 67lyes 90iyes 80ves 80' yes 501yes Reports from Mechanics. 29 1. — Continued. -^ bS3' "S5 H p. Jii r, CO ^ Q none OJ o •2g to 8 9 00 11 00 100 8 to 10 ... 10 00 none 150! 10 00 ' ... 9 00 nonel0tol2 20 00 none 8 to 12 none, ; 8 00 nonelS to 12 none 90 200' 200 25 00 none' inone| none' 25 00 none 150 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 8 00 10 00 8 00 QC 1 s ' o . a o 200i 10 00 30 5 to 121 100 8 to lO! - . I 10 OOi ... 10tol2! nonell0tol2! none 8 to 10, 140 10 00| none|10tol21 ...i 10 OOi _..j 9 OOj _ . . 1 9 OO! 150 12 OOi none inone 500 00 none 40 00 none none 150 00 OO! oo! 100 8 to 10! ...:8tol0i ...: 10 00; none 10 00 none 10 00 125 8 00 10' 8 00: ... 8 00: ... 8 to 10 s o a 'a O fl is ^ ^ <» !h •i-t C^ T3 C^ tC OJ ' CD ? cC aj oS ^ 4i 13 +i 'C c 4) n - '—I c a3* =^:S' '.S o 5S SS:.^?i.OcX.:3!5'X!0 - -"o s3|4;^ T;'a;j-S SiSf, oj o oj c c ? 5 ^ ^. ^j ® be CD ' S S^o^'> S >- I o ^ 5 -^ i: a - - - : yes 1 jves 1 yes 1 yes - - - yes . .. no • --;yes • - yes .-.! no I 3 : no ...; yes 1 lyes 16 yes ; yes no yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes no yes no yes yes no yes b'ds yes yes yes no no yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no 50 b'ds b'ds 30 48 lyes I yes j no .lyes 151 no .--'yes . .. iyes 10! no j yes 15J yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no no no 25 no no no sme no yes sme yes no yes yes 10 15 yes yes no yes yes no no no no no yes yes I yes yes yes! yes I yes yes yes; yes yes! yes yes yes yes yes yes I yes yes yes; yes I yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 2 yes 4 yes 1 6 yes 4 3 d no yes no . . I yes lyes ... . .. lyes yes '_.. . . ! no no no 3 ! no yes no 2 no no 3 "i" '5" 4 2 ! 2 ! 1 i 1 no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no yes yes no no no no yes no yes no yes yes no yes no yes no yes no no 1 no no yes ! no yes no no no no ! no yes no yes no j no yes no no , yes no no I no yes no I yes no no j no no no I no no no j no no no ! no no no no no no yes no yes no no no yes no yes no no yes no no yes no yes jno yes !no no no no no no no no no 30 Noirni Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. I-! i'^ Occupation by Ip^pi^' Counties. ' ? c^ '<^ S, ^ In Johnston. 8a\vyer ... Carjsenter, &c.. Blacksmith . . . Cai'penter Brick Mason _ Mechanic Jones. Mechanic . . ... Carriage Maker. Mechanic Mechanic . . Mechanic Buggy Maker . . . Carpenter Buggy Maker . . Cai-i:)enter Brick Mason... Carpenter . Lenoir. Blacksmith Blacksmith ... Blacksmith Wagon Maker.. Carpenter Mechanic Carpenter . . Carpenter ... Mechanic ,. Carpenter Carpenter Brick Mason . .. Plasterer . . . . Mechanic . Mechanic Carpenter . . . . Painter Brick Mason Mechanic . . . Carriage Maker. Brick Mason . . . Lincoln. Machinist Painter Moulder Carpenter Carpenter Moulder... Sawyer Carpenter 12 12 10 12 12 20 10 40 40 10 15 10 25 10 4 , 10 .-.. 12 10 ; 12 12 i 13 15 ' 12 30 ... 12 I 11 11 i 12 25 I 12 i 40 i 10 11 i 10 29 : 10 10 \ 10 30 ! 10 35 12 28 10 25 ... 4 10 10 10 30 11 10 10 10 ]0 10 .... 30 ... 12 ; 11 18 ' 10 4 10 13 12 23 10 35 ! 12 30 i 12 13 I 10 19 10 33 12 24 12 20 10 6 12 .... 10 1 50 1 25 85 2 00 1 25 1 25 1 50 1 25 2 00 1 00 1 50 1 50 iso "l 25 1 50 9 00 7 50 1 75 00 1 50 2 00 1 00 2 00 2 00 H >. $ 800 00 Ph 330 00 '256' 00 9 00 "7 50 9 00 380 00 '306 "00 180 00 432 00 10 OQ 10 50 7 50 12 00 40 00 26 00 150 00 468 00 300 00 'soo'oo 300 00 300 00 432 00 day ... day - . . month job... job ... day . . . day job jOb day day day day ... . week 1000 00 "456 "60 week . . . . week .... day . . . . - day day . . . . irregular day week day day . -. .. day day day .... day week . . week .... day job 33 25 33 67 67 67 100 "33 67 75 100 100 100 50 50 100 50 day and job week day irregnlar . . month 312 OOday .-- 83 100 100 40 100 25 67 50 100 50 50 50 50 50 100 100 too 67 100 100 50 100 25 fLH 67;no 75|no 67!no 33|yes 38yes 33yes .... !yes --- iyes 67!no 83.... 25 yes ...-yes ---. yes • - yes 50 yes 50 no .--- yes 50:no lyes 67no yes -- yes 60 no --- yes 75,no 88yes 50 half half SOptly 50;no 50!no 50 yes 50 yes . - - yes ... yes yes 100 no 83 yes yes yes no yes no yes yes yes Repokts FKOM MeCPIANK'S. 31 -Continued. t^ O d- 03 5 »^ > S ^ at i 'A -O 03 d! 1- bxi f- • 1^ g !-l 11 P 03 ^^i-^i xrnings of all others in fami o •7^ 5 . > 03 " QJ be 3o "c is 0* CO a. a; >. . ^ a cu > CO Sec "^ . rt 1 0-? c 0) a, o 0) c ^ o g-g j3 cc <V 03 g-g TO '-' a 3 H CL, i^ a O « A^ ^ Pu ^ ^ Ph ^' 3 8 <j - < «.£ none 75 8 to 14 5 1 no $ 30 4 no yes 8 no no yes none 100 7n 8 00 StolO 6 9 1 8 yes yes no ' yes no lyes 4 2 3 5 8 3 no no no $60 00 8 no no [ves 300 00 40 150 none 6 to 10 7 00 7 00 1 2 snie yes sm e yes snie yes 4 8 2 no yes no 150 00 no no lyes 150 00 ... .... .... ... no 1 no yes 150 00 52 4 to 7 8 1 yes no i yes no yes :no none 7 to 10 yes. 25 yes 1 yes 3 yes no ino 6 to 10 fi 1 yes yes no yes yes ^ yes 3 2 1 no yes no 8 to 10 8 1 8 1 1 no yes !no none 8 to 10 fi ves 20 sme, yes 3 yes no 200 00 B to8 3 ves 10 no yes no j yes sme yes 9. no yes no none 6 to 8 yes no no no 10 9 yes 6 to 8 8 2 no ino 80 10 00 10 ves 88 no yes 2 5 4 no no no .... 8 00 3 10 2 no yes no 12 no sme yes yes 4 4 1 5 1 5 no no no no yes ino 125 00 100 6 to 10 5 1 no yes yes 4 1 1 yes no no no 10 00 6 1 no free no no yes 30 00 30 8 00 3 3 no 84 no yes 4 1 no no iyes yes no yes 4 3 8 no , none 100 10 00 7 yes 25 no ves 3 5 8 no yes no none 10 00 7 4 yes 25 no no 1 yes no ves 10 00 9 3 yes . - - . 50 no yes 3 6 8 no no yes 75 8 to 12 4 yes 20 no yes 4 1 1 no no no 75 8 to 12 6 no 42 20 sme! yes 4 1 1 no no :no 75 8 to 12 6 yes 25 no yes 4 1 no no yes 18 10tol2 2 yes 25 no yes 5 1 no no no 75 10tol2 4 yes yes yes yes ?5 no yes yes ves 8 no no no 75 75 10tol2 10 00 4 3 30 no no 3 0. ... no no no Ino 50 00 ves rnn 100 10 00 3 25 no yes 3 .... no yes yes 10 00 8 ves 25 no yes yes yes 8 2 no no '5,5 12 00 8 yes no .... no 4 no no no 150 2 24 ... no 4 no no ives none 20 5 to 10 6 9 no no no no no no 2 5 2 no no yes 60 yes f'rnier none 10 00 6 yes f rm 5 sme yes 4 8 no no no 100 8 00 12 4 yes .... .... yes no 5 5 yes yes no 8 to 12 '>. yes no no no no ves nn 90 10tol5 5 86 no no 2 no no yes none 8 to 10 9 6 no sme yes no no yes yes yes yes 8 2 4 no 8 00 5 2 no free sme 8 8 2 no no no 8 to 10 8 1 yes no sme 8 5 5 ino StolO 8 to 10 1 yes no 94 no no nr> ^ . - . - _ 1 no no no no 32 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by g ^ Counties. ^ '^ McDowell. Brick Mason Stone Mason Cai'penter Cai'iaenter Laborer Blacksmith Mechanic Macon. Brick Mason Blacksmith Brick Mason Laborer Madison. Tinner Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Brick Mas"on Plasterel' Carpenter Cabinet Maker. . Blacksmith Mechanic - Carpenter Martin. Millwright Lahore r Fireman Brick Mason Machinist Carpenter Mecklenburg;. Carpenter Sawyer Cabinet Maker . . Brick Mason . . Painter Laborer Montgomery. Miller Tanner Shoe Maker Engineer Carpenter Carpenter Mechanic Mechanic Mitchell. Carpenter 2 >> O Ph 10 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 10 10 18 12 12 10 12 10 12 10 10 10 10 12 10 11 10 10 10 12 10 11 ^3 1 50 1 50 75 1 00 1 00 1 25 1 25 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 3 00 40 1 00 1 75 2 25 1 00 1 25 2 00 1 50 9 00 9 00 4 50 3 00 6 00 12 00 12 00 12" 66 13 50 6 00' 12 00 6 00 5 00 5 00 7 50 10 50 c t^ 0; . i ft r OtrC I 03 r3 I • d CO ! a- ; i O j ? g "co j i» o CM Ph 8 432 OOdav 432 OOday 200 00 day irregular job year day - day day day 00 90 OOlrregular !day ._ 300 00, week 45 00 24 00 -job "job jijob. 400 OOiday : 1 job Ijob 350 OOday day 964 00 300 00 .292 00 day. .. day... month day . . . job ... week.. 100' 50 100 100' 67; 83, 25i ! lOOi 100; 100 100 100! 1001 lOOl 100| 100! lOOj 100 100 100 50 100 80 100 day 100 day , 25 month .... I 100 irregular . . ! 100 week : 100 week I 100' 75 800 00 825 00 624 00 400 00 390 00 468 00: 546 00[day toll job month ... irregular day job 25 13 100 38 100 100 100 33 67 67 'H-fl yes no yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no ves yes yes ptly yes yes yes yes yea 75 yes 87[yes yes no yes yes yes ptly Reports from' Mechanics. 33 1. — Continued. :S ^?S C3 CO o a s S none none '25 66 none none none 25 00 500 00 small none none 96 00 none none none 25 00 Q 75 100 50 100 none none 30 none none 120 30 30 30 7 to 10 6 to 8 8 00 6 to 8 10 00 8 00 10 00 25 100 none 22 12 100 "'40 75 150 none =1-1 '~Z none none none 200 00 none none none 50 00 6 00 4 6 00 4 6 00 11 6 00 1 none 40 1 2 none none none none 12 00 6 to 12 15 00 15 00 15 00 15 00 10to20 10to20 10 00 12 00 10 00 8 to 12 7 to 8 10 00 9 00 8 to 12 10 oo; 6 to 9 10 00 12to20 10tol5 10to20 10 00 7 to 10 7 to 9 9 00 10 00 9 00 7 to 10 6 to 10 6 to 10 U 43 Jm CO <v > a o p «t-( <A »-i TO 1 no 5 ': yes 1 I no! 1 ' yes 1 1 ' yes no 3 no 1 yes 1 1 jyesj 1 lyesj 1 no . .. no 1 yes . . . no -- yes - - yes - yes 1 no 1 .... no no yes 1 yes 2 no 1 no 1 no 1 .yes no no yes no no ... yes • - yes 1 yes ... no 1 no 1 yes none 8 50 5 3 yes yes n a. — -- I n> <^ O CO I o cc 'Ph 20 48 48 15i 25 25 12 no 120: no 36, 100 60i 48' 20 10 15 12 25 10 20 24 ... - 24, ... . 36; ... 12 ....': 20 lOD.... 15 ^ ex' ^ g ^ w 13 (- CO 0)0 <ij C Ji. c 2 be n 03 yes yes yes sme yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes no no yes no no no no no no no no no no 10.... yes 1 1 i yes yes yes yes no yes no yes no yes «. yes : yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes I -2 yes : 2 yes 3 yes 3 yes yes no yes 1 3 10 4 ' 3 2 I 4 I no no no no no no no yes no no no no yes I no no no [yes no no no no no- 1 yes no no yes no no 1 \ no 1 i no . .. i no no no no no no no yes no yes no yes no no no no no no no yes I... yesj... yes|... no no no lyes no lyes ves'no 3 no 2 no 1 no --- yes . _- no . -. no ..no 2 \ no . . . no no no no no yes no no no .-- . no no no no no no no no yes no no no no yes yes no yes no ; yes no i no no j yes no I yes no j yes jno no yes no no yes no no no I yes no 34 North Carolina' Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. QJ 03 o P. Mitchell. Brick-Mason . . . Sawyer . . . . Blacksmith Moore. Painter ^ . Trimmer Carpenter . "WJieelwriglit Laborer Millwright Carpenter _ . Brick-Mason . _ - Carriage Maker Nash. Millwright Carpenter Tinner Printer Blacksmith . . Saw^'er Carpenter New Hanover. Blacksmith . . . . Machinist Machinist . . . _ . Tinner Moulder Printer Harness Maker. Carriage Trim'er Carpenter Northampton. Wagon Maker. - Machinist Carpenter Carpenter Brick-Mason . . Plasterer Wheelwright . Brick-Mason _ 'Carpenter . Brick-Mason ... Painter (Blacksmith. iCoachmaker Carpenter _ Brick-Mason . . Mechanic Carpenter 6 11 12 11 I 11 7 app 5 16 15 20 35 10 5 13 22 20 15 12 13 12 15 35 13 21 10 15 20 20 10 9 10 50 12 20 11 40 12 10 12 30 i 12 20 10 40 22 25 7 7 18 13 25 12 bD be bo 1^ a s p-i GO 'O bCO is rjl 0^ Q 1 50!$.... 1 00, 6 00 1 00 6 00 10 ] 1 00 1- 25 1 75 2 00 1 50 1 50 3 00 1 50 2 50 1 50 1 50 2 45 2 45 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 50 1 00 "I'OO 1 25 1 50 1 25 6 00 6 00 13 00 1 j 75 jmonth ... : 50 job _. .. 9 00 18 00 12 00 12 00 17 00 00 7 50 j irregular . .. imonth .. 260 OO'day 500 001 year 100 OOiyear 150 00|day week .... 400 00 day irregular 63 00 300 00 24 00 31 50 1200 00 600 00 840 00 day .. day . - job.. job.. week week week. 150 00 150 00 391 00 "250'00 week, week week . week, week, week . job.. job-_ day day job day . . . day . . . day . . day job... month job... day ... day... day ... month month ... ' 25 50 67 100 100 25 50 67 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 100 ""75 75 25 50 100 67 25yes 50ino - - - lyes 75yes 50yes 33, yes ... yes . . . yes yes yes yes yes - - 'y*5s .-jyes .-yes --'yes . .ino . . ino - - - ,yes ...jyes •---.yes . .. !yes —lyes ....jyes . . . yes ..-.jyes ....jyes ---lyes , . - . jyes - - lyes ....iyes 50|no - - - ,yes yes . - - - jyes lOOiyes 25!yes 25iyes .---lyes 75;yes 50lyes lyes B3[yes ..--'yes Reports prom Mechanics. 35 1.—Continued. tA +-> ! r-l oD^\ p. ^ a O OJ r^ "^ d ^1 o a '2 cc i -^ CD '~' 5 & c' .2 53 pi-id 1 o-g 03 O ' ® O No c3 »* fH '^ H Q : PM none j none $ 6 00 none! 7 50 75' 7 to 9 75 00 6018 to 10 .... 8tol5 100 9 00 none 8 to 13 60 8 to 10 400 00 . . 8 00 m'ch 5 to 6 100 00 90 7 00 75 00 20 9 00 I faC ! a a It 0) a ci; o br, ^ be s-i ; 'S rt is 1 l> ™ O c3 none 40 001 none | none none -- 10 00 . . . 8 to 12 ... lOtolo , . . 8 to 10 ... 12tol5 .. I0tol3 ... 10 00 none Inone 15 00 150 OO: .... 16 00 inone 15 00 no OOnone 12 00 I .... 15 00 none :none 15 00 1810tol5 ..-- 10to20 none 30 12 00 .. none 8 to 10 none , 12 8 to 10 500 001 ---- 6 00 1 6 to 10 little im'ch 7 50 none ' 100 8 to 15 none 8 to 10 [none 10tol2 i 135 8 to 10 120 00! _ 8 00 120 00; . .. 8 00 none 10tol2 250 OOnone 10 00 ! 150 - 30 11 00 10 00 6 6 to 8 1 14 9 4 2 10 1 4 3 6 10 6 4 4 4 12 6 11 7 1 yes no no no yes ...yes . . . ! no 1 i no 1 i no 1 i no 1 ! yes 8 jyes 1 I no 1 ' no 2 : no 1 I yes . -. no . . . no 1 ! no yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes no no no yes yes yes yes yes free 24 yes yes yes .. ;yes yes lyes ;yes yes no 73 a C =1^ fl _: bCi c5 c^ 9^ \o "u .^3 j^ j^ O .^ O b'cts 12 10 150! 108: 60 10 36 yes no yes ... yes yes i yes - - yps --- yes yes yes no yes yes I yes yes yes no yes yes yes no j yes no yes no yes no ... . no yes no yes no yes no yes . - . j yes yes . . . no yes .. [yes yes 20|.... yes .--I no yes . - j no , yes . _ - yes I yes --I yes , yes . - 1 yes ! yes .." ... yes i yes no 25 no yes no I yes no j yes no yes 25j yes no no no yes yes no no no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes r2 Qj r3 -*^ >-'^ 3 I 2 3 i 8 no j no ino . . - yes !no no no !no yes no no no no no yes no no no no no no no yes no no no no yes yes yes no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no I yes no I no ;no no no i yes jno no !no no jno no jno yes mo yes Ino i i I yes Ino I yes jno \ yes jno I no jno no ;no j no yes i no lyes ' yes jno no yes yes ino • ; no yes no !no yes no no no no no no no lyes jno j yes |no yes :no yes jno I 310 lyes : no ]no j no jno I yes mo I no jno no lyes no lyes no no no no no |no no no jyes yes ino 36 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. Northampton. Brick-Mason _ . Onslow. Carpenter Carpenter Blacksmith . . . Sawyer .... Orange. Carpenter Carpenter Painter Blacksmith Blacksmith Pamlico. Mechanic . . Machinist Engineer Mechanic Pasquotank. Printer . . .. Engineer... ... Machinist . . Carpenter Sawyer . ' Blacksmith Bricklayer ' Sawyer . Pender. Carpenter Blacksmith Wheelwright ; Carpenter Blacksmith . . . Perquimans. Sawyer Mechanic Mechanic Blacksmith . ... Mechanic _ Carpenter Carjienter Blacksmith Brick-Mason . . Mechanic _ _ . . Person. Painter Brick-Maker . . . Sawyer Carpenter 9 > CO , 3 iK O & 15 5 22 6 4 6 40 47 17 35 25 45 i 12 12 4 4 5 8 40 31 28 3 10 20 35 30 6 15 12 7 12 14 9 20 6 J4 t3 $ 2 00 1 25 1 50 1 25 1 25 50 2 50 1 00 $12 00 9 00 9 00 15 00 1 50 2 50 1 50 1 501 1 50i 1 00 2 00 2 001 15 50 9 00 6 00 9 00 1 25, 95 1 75 1 25 50 25 25 50 50 25 50 2 25 1 00 1 00 1 25 5 00 7 50 bs. CO 0) CO .^ I CD +i rj C •'"' (Drg crt ni p. Ph c^ cc CO rrj (l- fH Mo Ph 600 00 week : 100 iday ; 100 250 OO.day ; 100 200 OOlmonth i 75l 300 00 month .... lOOi 25 466 OOday . iday irregular !week -- job 100 100 lOOi 58 00 40 00 day .. day., week. 83 50 50 100 irregular irregular 100 100 month ... I 100 780 OOljob I 100 480 OO'day : 100 300 00 week 50 . . . week i 100 day i 100 job , 100 ....[job ! lOOj 400 OOljob I 75 job -... . . . day ! day 1 100 240 00 job I 50 560 OOljob 50 200 OO'day 50 :day lOO: 275 00 week lOOl |day ..| 100 _ Iday J 50 432 OOday ; 100 ! iday \ 100 .. .. Iweek i 100 280 OO'week [ 50 390 O0!job 1 25 50 25 50 <s 8 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes ptly ptly yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes yes yes no yes - - yes - - - lyes 50!yes 25'ye3 Reports prom Mechanics. 37 -Continued. Is o ^J3 ^ Q 1) C •2 3 t; SO a -« 03 o C ;_, i< « 01 Si s^ a « o 3 3 =t-i ^ ;z; 100 00 none none 75 none jnone _ 12 !$10 00 6 to 15! 8 OOi 8 00 8 00 19 8 to 10 ... 9 00 61 4 to 8 9 5 to 8, 5 5 to 8| 5 4 to 7! 7 - ... 8tol0 2 ._-.8tol0 1 10 00 1 lOtolS: 2 none none 12 00 3 50 00 60 10 00! 4 150 00 150 7 to lO: 7 600 00 60 8 to lO! 7 none 50 8 OOi 4 nonel0tol2' 2 none 10 00 2 none 6 00: 6 none 150 8 00 5 ... 8 00 2 none 6 00 5 none 35 5 00 9 none 200 5 00 3 none 100 5 00 8 none 150 8 to 10 3 none 150 10 00 3 . . none 8 to 10 5 100 8 00 4 none 90: 10 00 3 10tol2 8 to 10' 4 10 00 5 8 00; 5 be S 'S o « no i$ 50 yes! yes yes no 24 1 yes yes . - , yes 2 Tno 1 no <A Cj in a> O) >-ii aj ti% 03 CC Cu £ . '^i ^ 4^ ^3 i+j 12 a> CO O 03 Ph ol bCi d -I S O O Oj -3 i; >< d) ,5 , [E . dj ! 2 bCi-^ h 'r-< ;3 •'-' -t-^ 03 -S be 1)0(1)0 -O O i^ o G o ' G O G CO : G tn 10 yes no 1 48 no I 60 yesj-- no j 36 no b'ds no I b'ds yes!.... no free no 42 yes no yes yes yes yes no yesj yes I no ; 25 22 60 15 18 10 36 36 no ! yesi no no i no j 1 yes no I no no 36 60 .. 36 .. 48 . 25 no yes j 3 yes yes 1 yes , yes yes yes no yes ... yes no j yes 'yes no no sme sme yes no no no --I yes 33 no 50! no . . no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 10 no I yes no yes . . . i no - - - ! yes yes yes no yes . - I yes 25 no 25 no 25 no yes yes yes ves . . . no i yes . . . yes : yes 10 yes , yes 25 no yes no i yes yes yes no no .-..'yes yes yes yes c 3 U CO '^.^ CO (U OJ be p's y -a G T' no no no no no no no no no yes jno yes ino no no ... , no no ! no Ino no I no 'no no j no Ino no I no no no no yes yes no no yes no jno . no yes . . . no 2 lyes 2 i no 2 I no no no yes jno yes 'no yes no yes ino yes no no yes no no no no no no no no no no 4 ! yes yes 1 yes no no yes yes yes no yes . . no no no no no no no no no no no no yes 1 1 no 1 1 no 2 1 no no no yes yes yes yes [no yes ino yes jno yes lyes no no no no no 38 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. ? 1=^ >* iffl &c Pitt. Marble-Worker Carriage Maker Printer . Mechanic Millwright Carjjenter . . . _ . Painter Blacksmith ... Painter ..| 12 Polk. Mechanic .. Mechanic .. Mechanic .. Blacksmith Painter Randolph. Machinist .. Sup't Cott'n-Mill Brick-Mason Printer Carpenter . . Carriage Trim'er Brick-Mason . Brick-Mason . Carpenter Stone-Mason . Sup't Cott'n-Mill Supt. C'ton Mills Millwright Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter . Painter Stone-Mason . . . Sawyer Carpenter Carpenter Richmond. Sawyer Carpenter . Mechanic Printer Tinner Robeson. Tinner . . ... Wheelwright Carpenter . ... Brick-Mason ... Plasterer 15 15 9 40 13 48 8 20 12 2 3 6 12 5 4 35 6 17 18 31 18 40 30 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 10 12 10 10 12 10 10 10 12 10 12 10 10 12 12 10 10 12 5 10 25 12 45 10 5 12 5 10 9 12 15 12 40 11 10 11 30 12 48 8 10 $ 1 60$.... |$30 00 2 50 1 00 1 75 1 25 2 00 75 1 00 50 1 00 1 50 1 50 2 25 2 00 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 00 2 00 1 50 9 ^n 50 25 50 00 50 00 1 50 1 25 5 OOi ^4 ^ a Ph T1 a m P4 ^> 0) Of r> & •« ! month 100 100 500 00, year . - job .. . .. ;day.. 10 50:.--- 275 OOiweek. 12 00 oO'oOj :day 4 00 6 00 200 00 Id ay . . . day 144 OOj-... ; job job 50 9 00 00 12 00 9 00 7 50 1 25 1 75 1 25 1 00 2 25 2 50 2 00 2 00 2 50 1 50i 75 00 9 00 6 00 7 50 6 00 400 00 month .. ... clay ... day I 300 00 month .. [ 480 00 month .. i .. ... day day day... month . . 324 00 week . . month .. .. i irregular 390 00 job. jday jjnonth .. . day . _ . . 600 00 irregular !day jmouth . . . iday day 26 00 391 00 312 00 day day week., month j'ob _ _ week, job . week . day . . 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 50 50 100 75 100 10 50 100 75 5 10 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 33 100 50 50 . . . , lyes .-- lyes .-..lyes 100 .. 100 67 100 100 yes - - yes 33!no - jyes - lyes 50iyes lOOjyes 100,-... 75yes - - - jyes . . yes .. yes - - - 'yes - - ptiy . . . lyes 501yes - yes 50 no 50 1yes . . . yes -- |yes 25|yes - - - yes 90no 50yes . - . lyes 25 jyes SOiyes . . . yes ... yes .. iyes • - lyes - lyes - - yes - - yes yes yes yes yes Reports fe,om Mechanics. 39 1. — Continued. O c ho 00 bCJ3! & rs .5 O i/ S-^ 0) o S ^ 0) ^H 0^ o p= s c 0; o a OC -C -« a; :zi O W ' 6 !h' rt c6 a; CD ! (Ij CO $ I 200$12 00 [nonelOtolS .none 8 to 12 .. 300 00 ! none; 8 00 inone^ 5 to 8 inone none[ 10 00 50, 10 00 150 10 00 6 to 8 10 00 75 7 00 12 8 to 10 25 8 to 10 none 8 to 10 150 7 00 175 10 00 125 00 60 8 00 150 8 to 10 100 8 to 10 15 00 121 6 00 78 20 00 50 10 00 5 to 10 7 to 10 8 to 10 5 00 175 00 150 9 00 9 to 10 10 00 none 8 to 10 little none 8 00 none 8 to 10 8 to 10 50 00 7 to 8 12 00 7 00 10tol2| 12tol5 10tol2; ...J 8 00| none 10tol5 8tol2i .... 8tol2l 2 i 3 4 no yes no yes no no no 1 1 1 yes 1 no b'ds • - I yes yes . . no . . . no ... yes 1 yes - yes 1 yes 1 yes yes yes yes no no no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes no no yes yes yes yes 86 48 15 free 50 ?^ ' o o ! c o r; ' oj •2 I' O CO c p. a.' 0) I , r^ ^ , 0) ^ 2 ^ s cs ~ ^ -;z j5 ^ 2 c*.- I- C O >. Ci 'JJ Ph 2 O i>--— yes yes I yes yes yes no yes yes no no no no j yes no I yes ' - no j yes no I yes no yes : yes no no no yes yes yes no i yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no sme sme no no yes no yes yes no yes yes no no yes no no no no 3 ... 3 i 2 "3J""6 yes 2 yes 4 yes 4 yes 4 yes 4 no yes yes 3 yes 5 yes 6 yes 4 yes ves yes 5 yes 3 1 1 '2 i"2 yes no no yes yes !no ! yes yes no ; no yes jno i no no tno yes no yes j no yes : no j no no yes I no yes no no no I no no ; no no ! no no \ no ... yes no yes no no no i yes no [yes no no no no yes lyes no no - yes . .. I no no yes no yes no I no yes ' yes yes I yes no \ ves no yes \es yes no i yes no no yes no yes 4 jyes ..no - . . i no yes yes no no yes no no no no yes yes no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no" no yes no yes no 40 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. u u O P-Robeson. Printer . .. Rockingham. Mason Carpenter Blacksmitli Laborer . . Machinist . Wood-Worker Carpenter _ . Brick-Mason Carpenter . . . Rowan. Carpenter . . . . . Stone-Cntter _.. Carpenter . CarjDenter . . . . Moulder Harness-Maker Carpenter Harness-Maker Machinist Stone-Cutter . . . Rutherford. Tanner. Carpenter .. Mechanic .. Carpenter .. Carpenter, &C-. Millwright Millwright Mechanic Sawyer . . Sawyer Carpenter . Carpenter . Sampson. Carriage-Maker Sau'ver Miller . . _ Carpenter CLirpenter 1. Brick-Mason .. Caipenter Stanly. Cabi net-Maker . Mechanic Carpenter Carpenter _.... Carpenter . . U 10 14 30 33 4 17 15 20 10 12 10 33 25 25 30 30 6 30 25 5 15 16 30 6 5 20 3 36 10 2 7 6 15 35 5 50 2 9 40 12 13 10 10 10 10 13 10 12 12 13 10 13 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 13 13 13 12 10 10 10 10 12 11 11 11 13 13 10 10 12 10 1 50 1 50 2 00 3 00 3 00 1 35 1 50 1 ^0 1 35 3 50 41 1 40 I $17 00 i 9 00, 40 00 13 00 13 00 7 50; 33 50 9 00 7 50 7 501 15 00 2,50; 10 00 2 00 12 00 2 50 ..... 1 001 1 25 i 1 00 1 50 1 35 1 50 1 00 1 35 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 35 50 1 3o 1 35 1 50 1 35 6 00 7 50 6 00 9 00 7 50 9 00 6 00 3 00 7 50 7 00 9 00 15 00 1 50 9 00 1 00 6 00 _ _ . I 1 50 1... I 1 35 7 501 33 501 . . . . . month . . . irregular . . ... job job ... day \veek 530 00 day jo(j . _ . week .... 260 00 month ._ 435 00 week . . 130 00 job . . job .... 360 00 job 730 00 month . 120 OOiweek . . .--... [week .... job . month . . 500 OO'dav . . . _ 280 OOiweek. day.. 250 00' job . - 4S2 00;dav . . 380 OOiday . day . job day day day day - - day .... day week.. . . 375 OOJday 200 OOiirregular jday 200 00 day 423 OOjday .. . . I month . . . . (irregular 300 OOlday T) C3 rr 0; . cS 2 o i P o Sf o *J c ^:^t C" c Oj r: ^ a QJ — (U '* Ph ^ a >' s fe 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 100 100 50 100 50 67 100 100 100 50 50 50 100 lOOj. .. 50| 50 100 50 yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 33 yes 50 part 50 67 33 67 50 100 lOOj ... 100 ... 100. . . ioo| .... 100;. - 67 33 170 OOvear ; 25 25 lOOl lOOj ioo| 50! yes yes yes no yes no yes yes yes yes yes ves yes yes . . [yes - jyes 50j part Reports from Mkchaxics. 41 1.—Continued. o c ,^ U a* • Ol ^^ Ph o a- "-3; *-' >-i ^ OJ +j cS 3f^ .a 3-^ =3^ 03 O (B •r 9 oil < 03 I a o sO bo a) s QJ > <Z, t^. '^ _ CO a; if (-1 5 r Qj .0/ Oir— _r;^ CC 11 '-3 c3 a^ I d; jr i « (1^ p; ^ J o > c T3 (V cS CO oj ;-( CO - (B 4^ a u^ S. ?-. "5 f^ .2 ^ cS-" none lOtolS 7 1 , no jmnySlO 00 3 'none 5 to 8 11 ' 75 7 00 3 9 00 none 7 00 13 150 00nonel0tol2. 5 none 8 to 15 10 none 'none 12 50 3 none ' 100 lOtolo 5 72 00 90 12tol5 6 50 00 90 8 to 10 none 75 8 00 none 8 00 50 00 3 8 00 none none 6 to 10 75 10 00 none Il0tol2 , .- il0to20 ' 15, 15 00 none none 8 to 10 100 00 50 00 33 7 to 12 140 8 to 10 20 12 00 80 8 to 10 100,9 to 12 ... -. .... 8 00 ... 9 00 -.' 8 00 100| 8 00 60 00 150: 8 00 few8tol0 ...1 10 00 . . - - ;8 to 10 none none 5 00 none 60 10tol2 6 to 8 25 00 none little none .-.. . 40 farm none none 150 10 00 7 to 8 7 00 7 00 8 00 1 yes 2 'yes . . no 3 I yes 1 i yes I yes 1 lyes 1 no 4 i no 4 , no 1 jTes 2 lyes 3 i no 1 lyes 25 1 yes - 1 no . 1 no 25 1 ; no 18 1 no 72 1 yes ---. 1 no 36 1 I.... .- 2 no 100 n'ne: yes . - 36 25 1 I yes - . yes 1 I no 24 1 lyes 3 yes . . . ves no 24 no 24 no free no 60 no no 12 1 yes 1 ;.-.. - i yes . - . . no b'ds I no b'ds! 1 yes ' 25 25' 4 10 10 10 . -. yes yes ... no yes . -. no no . -. no yes . . . no yes . . - no yes . . no yes . . ' yes yes 10 no yes no yes no no yes no yes 25 ... yes yes 5 yes yes yes -- yes . . . j 6 . . . . yes .-.,.-.. no yes . . ' yes yes . . :.--. yes -yes . , . yes yes . . ; 25 no yes 25 no no 25 ... yes yes .:... ... yes yes yes yes yes no no yes no yes yes yes no yes yes yes no yes yes yes snae yes . .. jsme yes 20 yes yes no yes yes yes - - yes ... yes no Yes 2i no no yes 4 no no yes 1 no no no 4 no yes no 2 no yes no . .. no yes no 1 no no no 2 no no ,no 2 no no yes no no yes no no no 2 no no no 1 no yes no 3 no yes no 1 no no no . . . no no no 4 . ... no 2 yes yes no 1 no ves no ... no no no 6 no no no no no yes 1 no yes no 2 no no yes 7 7 no yes no no no no no no no I no no no no no no no no 1 I no j no yes . . no no yes -.j no j no no . i yes I yes no no j yes no 2 no ... no 1 i no yes no no no yes no j yes no yes I yes no no 1 ... no I no 42 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Stanly. Shoemaker . Hai'ness-Maker . Millwright . . . . . Blacksmith .... Stokes. Blacksmith Mechanic Wagon-Maker.. Mechanic Blacksmith Carpenter . . . . Surry. Carpenter Laborer Stone-Cutter Carpenter . . Printer Carpenter . . Brick-Mason _ .. Blacksmith Brick-Mason . _ Carpenter Stone-Mason . .. Painter _ . Plasterer Swain. Carpenter Sawyer Blacksmith Wagon-Maker . . Miller Brick-Mason . . . Transylvania. Blacksmith Tinner . _ . . Rock-Mason Painter Carpenter Painter _ _ Tyrrell. Laborer . . Fisherman _ ... Coach-Maker . Carpenter . Fisherman Blacksmith .... Union. Carpenter Mechanic . 10 .....I 12 _. 10 80 12 38 25 16 10 30 19 20 7 13 30 15 40 10 7 15 50 50 35 2 15 15 20 11 15 10 38 20 16 16 19 19 25 15 10 12 12 12 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 25 12 6 12 12 12 10 12 12 10 "12" 11 12 11 12 10 10 10 20 j 10 20 ' 10 10 12 8 12 10 12 1$ 7 50i$ •-..-!$ ,week . - . - . . 32 50 , month ! 00 Imonth -. 500 00 job. . 2 00 18 00 52 00 936 00 2 00 job - --- • - - job ~*i - - job 1 00 6 00 300 00: job . 1 25 ._ .. ... ijob 1 00 50 2 00 1 75 1 00 2 25 2 00 2 00 2 00 1 00 1 25 1 00 1 00 6 00 10 50! 6 00! . 7 50!. 1 toll 2 00 8 00 6 00 9 00 75 1 ooi 1 ooi 1 ooi 1 00! 1 ooi 80; 1 OOi 1 00| 1 25| 75| 1 1 OOj 1 00 4 50| 6 00| 6 00 -- day irregular day day week . . job . .. . . [ilay . - -- . _ . ... irregnlar 'day . [month .. 384 OOI clay . . . day 400 00! job . . . . 216 OOlday 720 OOday toll . . week. (1) I 1^ »^ O ,— ^ q^ . r- > 01 '^ . 50! 50;part 50 SOpart --ijes 20 yes 100 80 25 50 50 33 67i kJoyes 100|.... yes 75;yes 50yes 50 yes 67: part 50 50iyes 5U SOiyes 50 50no 25' 75jyes 75' 25!yes 50 50yes 100 . yes 25 75 yes 100 .. yes 50 50 yes 100.... yes 100:....|yes 100 .. lyes 50 50lyes lUO lyes 10 90 no 10 90L... 100 260 00 month job... 4 12 00 6 00 4 50 13 00 300 00 26 00 390 00 216 00 day day day day job 20^ 80 50^ 50 33 67 • yes no yes 100 ....iyes 100.-..iyes day ... day. . day . - . month . . . - - month 125 00 day . . - no lOOno 100 ..,,.. 100 ... . part 100 . jyes 25 75|no 100!.. jyes 251 75no Reports FRo:\r Mechanics. 43 1. — Continued. o a OS •-" teg _^ •^ 1 be 0) > a 03 g -Q pj be o B'^ O 4-= ^H est CO o ? ^ =° S,U^ =« " Ph :5 z -», 1^ ?;' i'o o *i: >^. 03 ^ cti 2 ' « ; O-C t> colt- 5i'-' oji^ Jh t^_ SiL^t: a,^ a^_^ o djcc DCO-Di^jCbx C Kl O ra ,1, r- '^ 'V 8 OOJ 2 8 00' 2 150i 7 001... Inone 7 to lOj 9 100 00 none 6 to 10; i .-..I 4to6 none --..| 8 00 ....; 7 00 Inone 5 to 8 60- 200 00 none' 8 00 6 to 10 none 150 7 to 8 none none 10 00 48 00 none 6 00 none 60 6 to 10 50 10 00 75 6 to 10 none 8 00 7 00 5 00 little none 8 to 10 none 8 to 10 50 00 150 lOtolS none 6 to 8 none 8 00 8 00 .... 7 50 8 to 10 5 00 none 206 8 00 none .... 10 00 6 00 none 10 00 none 10 00 none none 5 to 8 5 to 10 none 100 100 10 00 "s'oo none 5 00 8 00 125 8 00 3 3 3 5 7 8 1 6 8 5 11 14 14 1 yes i$. i yes i . - -' I yes 1 no - - - 1 yes 1 I yes 1 :yes 1 no 1 yes 1 24 no i yes no : . - - . if, ^S a ?^ 7^ ...j--..;yes yes 30i lyes lyes ...| [ no .yes . ..[ j no yes lOj I yes : yes . . . 1 . . . no yes 'Z yes 1 yeS|--.. 1 yes I—. .. lyes! -- 2 j no ^ 40 1 ;yes:... . - . no 3 I yes ' 1 lyes ..--. 1 :,...; 1 I yes i . . - 6 I yes : 6 yes ' yes , . - yes I . yesi-- yes I - - no jfree yes I . . 1 yes 1 [yes, 1 I no . . . ! yes 1 I yes 1 ,yes . -- no . . . I yes 1 ves 24 no no no ... no yes no yes no ' yes no yes ... yes no yes I .yes yes : yes yes I yes yes yes yes yes 10 — ...yes yes .. sme yes ..yes yes -..yes I yes - . no yes - . I yes I yes ... .-..1 no lyes .-.| I yes 'yes 25 .... . no no .-.;--. :..... yes . - . ' no I yes ..! no lyes yes I . - . yes yes no b'ds 1 no 24 25 no yes . -.ismeiyes . .. no no .1 no i no . - ! yes I no . . I no [yes - . . I yes I yes 25 no , yes *s ig ;= 01 O ! C:^ C X! O I c;-'- P -^ k 33 p cc I c S 15 [<I " "aPn ;S <!' <o be 5 .5 ---^ <5 K< no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no 1 5 2 3 i no 6 I no 6 no :yes yes yes no ... no no no yes no no no no no no yes no no no y^es no yes yes no yes no no yes yes !no no no no no ino no yes no no yes no no yes no no yes no no no yes 1 no ;no no I no yes L . . no no no yes no i no yes no no no no no no lyes yes no no yes no yes no yes no no no yes na no no ves 44 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. ? >: O P- 33 Union. Millwright 23 Miner j 1 Meclianic i 35 Blacksmith ' 19 Vance. Machinist I 12 Harness-Maker I 5 Brick-Mason ... 13 Wagon-Maker.. 15 Carpenter i 10 Brick-Mason . . . ; 30 Harness-Maker i 11 Carpenter . \ 7 Tinner j 6 Blacksmith ' 7 Wake. \ Tinner _ . . j 15 Brick-Mason ...! 32 Wood-Worker . . j 8 Engineer 8 Tinner 6 Blacksmith 15 Printer 13 Carpenter 36 Machinist 30 Tin&Iron Wr'k'r 18 Carpenter 17 Granite-Cutter . 40 Milliner 9 Printer 13 Shoemaker . . 40 Painter . . 12 Stone-Cutter _.. 19 Brick-Mason _..i 7 Oas Fitter i 25 Car-Repairer _ . . 7 Cabinet-Maker . 30 Painter ; 15 Painter 20 Wheelwright... 10 Blacksmith .20 Blacksmith 20 Painter 1 7 Blacksmith ...J 12 Blacksmith 16 Blacksmith ... 15 Eng. Machinist 35 Boiler-Maker ... . . 12 10 12 11 10 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 3 OOi-li 1 1 1 25 'l 75 2 00 1 50 1 50 2 OOJ 1 50: 2 50| 2 00 1 75 10 00 12 00 9 00 9 00 9 00! a "B -^ ^ 3 . j week - ! vveek . 936 OOiyear ... vveek . . |day .. 468 00 week. 205 OOday .- . . ..--[week. 400 OO'day .. 600 00 week 469 00 week 688 00 week . week week 15 00 65 OO; 780 00, week. 12 00 j 300 00; week. 10 50: 45 00 1 251 1 50 2 33 1 50! 2 35; 2 25| 2 00 9 00 14 oo: 9 00; 13'50 12 00' 58 50 2 33 1 66 1 50 3 00 2 25i 2 50i 1 25 10 oo; 1 50 1 25 1 25 1 50' 75 1 25 1 50i 1 00 1 50 1 50 2 35 ... ... month 1006 00: month --- 390 00 week week . . 620 00 week . - , week . - month 720 00|week 600 00 month .... 600 00, month .... 200 001 month .... I week . . . . . .. -;week. . 400 OOi irregular .. ... ; week .... week 390 00, month .. ... ....': week w-eek week 1 week week.. . . j week Iweek-- ... w^eek , . .. - week week.. .. . .. mouth .. month . . . -gM 100 100 50 100 50 too 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Reports from Mechanics. 45 1.—Continued. Earnings of all others in family. Days unable to get work past year. Oh 0) 3 a . > CO '' Oi be u « 0; t; OJ s be a % yes no no yes no yes yes yes yes 0) c s... 18 be. 4^ ^ P. '^'^ S 0) Oj IB rt cc CO ^. a C QJ OJ CO cfl '- ^ 6 — CO . cc Oj 0/ JO OJ yes yes yes no no no no yes yes no "c c 0^ "go :»-= 3| pll yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes ^ la R ^0; :'^ a: .. S > s f^ 5 6 5 4 1 7 5| 3 ..J 1 4 '.... be a 'S S -^ 2 So 6 _0_|H <1 '" 1^ k. -t^ CC if o~ < no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no ''!-l to Oj bJD fa $ 50 none none inone $12 00 8 7 to 8 5 8 00 12 7 to 10 7 8 to 10 4 10tol2 3 8 to 10, 5 lOtolSi 8 10tol5 1 8 to 10 10 12 00 1 1 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 .... 3 no 1 no 6 no no no none 100 00 none 75 30 100 "90 none 100 none 36 ---- 25 2 no no no ves no no no 50 00 4 ; 1 .... 1 3;..- 9 ; 7 1 "9 !"3 i 2 no 16200 72 1 no no 1 no no no yes 15 00 9 00 15 00 15 00 12 50 12 00 1 2t,ol 5 7 7 6 2 2 1 2 1 1 "1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 no yes' yes no no yes no no no yes no yes no yes no no no yes no no no no no no yes no no no yes no no no yes no no yes sme no no yes sme yes no no no yes no no no no yes no no no yes no no no no no ves yes no none 300 00 none "90 75 96 120 ""3 "20 9 4 9 !.... 9 . .- 4 no yes yes yes no no no no no no no none none none none!12to20j 8 none! 12 50i 1 none!10tol2| 6 4! 16 00, 5 9 3 9 .. . 9 : 1 9 2 9 4 9 ... 9 2 9 2 9 4 9 .... 9 --_. 9 3 9 .... 3 3 9 .... 9 2 9 1 9 3 9 6 9 3 9 ... 9 4 9 . 2 no no yes none no . 1 lyes 3 no ... no 2 no 300 00 none none 150 none -none 8 OOi 7 i 4 12tol5 6 12tol5 6 5 i1--- 8 .... 10 3 yes no no none 42 2 no no 3 . . . yes yes yes no 1 VPS yes no no no no 1 90 none ; 150 150 "78 96 120 "60 120 96 60 60 48 36 60 b'ds 60 60 60 150 156" 00 none 209 200 none none none 200 150 75 12 00 13 00 10 00 12 00 12 00 6 8 4 4 7 7 7 7 1 7 2 "... "25 no "3 1 1 3 2 "3 no no yes yes yes no no no no no no no no no no no no no yes no no yes yes yes yes "78 none ! 1 .--..: 4 i 4 5 iitoi5: 7 12 50i 2 9 .... no ves no 9 1 9 .... 1 no no no yes yes no yes no 'none no - - . . none 9 2 9 4 9 .... 2 no no 150 00 none none .... no 2 no .... no no no North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No- Occupation BY I ^ ^ Counties. i ^ 1 Wake. Moulder Machinist Boil-er-Maker . . . Engineer . Cooper Blacksmith Cabinet-Maker. . Carpenter Carpenter . . Carpenter Trimmer Upholsterer . . . Warren. Mechanic Wood-Worker . . Painter Carpenter Carj^enter Brick-Mason ._. Painter . _ _ Blacksmith Rock-Mason . . Blacksmith Tinner . Mechanic - - . . Rock-Mason . . Painter Blacksmith Blacksmith Mason . ... Washington. Carpenter , . Rock-Mason ... Carriage Maker . Brick-Mason ... Blacksmith Wheelwright Blacksmith Blacksmith Watauga. Mechanic .. . ^.. Miller.. Brick-Mason . . Mason Carpenter Blacksmith Wayne. Blacksmith 36 22 30 20 5 30 14 20 30 6 10 38 36 2 60 14 43 12 10 15 14 15 10 10 be bO 35$. 35|.. 25! 251 ,' '. .25! 50L. 50|.. 50[.. 25|.. oo|.. 00 . oo; . 50i 501 50, 50 i 85 i 50, 50i 7 50 9 00 '900 9 00 501 00| 25! OOi 50| 001 50i 35| 50! 9 00 12 00 6 00 "9"00 1 25 2 00 1 00 2 50 00 75 2 50 1 00 1 25 1 00 12 00 15 00 4 00 "e'oo 12 00 fH re CO (D f^2 468 00 ;month imonth nionth Imonth [week . jmonth month montli month month month mpnth week., day . . . 400 00 month 250 OOjday day 300 ooi..:. 250 00|day 624 00 job . week day., day .- day . day . , - 1 job . . i--- ].iob.. 30 oo; 360 OOlday . . 200 00 50 00 40 00 job . . _ day . . . week . . day . . _ month 624 00 month job - . . job day job job day day !+i Rip ;h 1^ n CIh P4 iH week 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 50 75 100 100 67 100 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 33 50 50 100 33 25 yes yes yes yes yes yes jes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes* 50no 25;yes - - - !yes lyes 33no ....;yes 50|yes 50iyes ... lyes yes - - - yes • ---|yes .. yes .. yes iyes .--lyes ... yes -yes - syes 100|no 50 yes yes yes yes yes yes Reports from Mechanics. 1.—Continued. ^ ' ^'S ^ 3 G 0- TS cS d O H 0) ^ ^r'S a 5 3,^ CD o jj o ^E^ H (- p. none IStolo none 13 50 none 13 00 .. 10tol2 none lOtolS inone 13 50 none ..-- 13tol5 13 00 150 13tol4 . -_ 13 00 60 00 10 5 to 10 35 00 150 5 to 8 75l0tol3 96 00 none 7 to 8 60 00 30 10 00 35 00 60 10 00 60l0tol2 farm 5 to 10 230 00nonel0tol3 150l3tol5 -.--8 to 10 : --- 5to8 60 10 00 ' ----! 6to8 none .... 6 00 . - - . 7 OOl none 10 00 3 8 OO' _. ...none 6 to 10 I .... 8tol0 none 5 to 15 none . . 5 to 15; 30 00 none 8 to 13, 1 .--. 5to8; none, 5 to 9 i .... 5to9 i ---. 6 00 1 -- 6 00 farm 7 50 none none 6 to 8 Inone 15 00: 10 9 6 4 10 3 3 7- 8 4 2 6 7 5 4 Cfl •« CO Oi CO J' CO fid; .ti O OS G in ?^ no $100 yes .... 1 1 1 1 yes 1 no 1 yes 60 1 ; no 3 I no 1 I no 1 :yes 1 yes 1 yes . . lyes 1 no 3 lyes 3 iyes 3 ' no . - - ; yes - - - 1 yes - no 3 iyes 1 yes 1 iyes 1 yes :.-: no .. iyes 1 yes no yes yes yes no yes yes yes no no yes yes yes no 96 108! 48i 35: 121 50 78 15 36 36 free 36 s= p. o be C C3 •- >^ u CD 02: 0) 13 \ !§ 3 '^ J o ^ 2 ~ S ' O t^. 3 yes yes yes yes yes no (In no yes no yes no yes yes yes yes ; yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes i yes j yes I yes yes I yes I yes j yes I yes yes I yesi yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes no no no no no no no no no no no yes yes no yes no no no no . . . no . .-j no - . ! yes . .. no . .. no no . .. no 10 yes no I no yes 5 CO cfi -^ 2 3 "o 9 ! 2 9 3 9 i 3 13 0) cS r^ CO (^ 02 2 .3 !" ^ no no no yes no no no j yes no yes no no 3 jyes 4 lyes . . . ! no . . . :. no ... no . . - yes ... no 3 no 5 yes - - - no -..'. no ..no 4 no 3 i no 3 no . . . no . .. no 1 no 3 no 3 no 3 no 2 i no 4 no no j no iyes no no , no lyes no no no no yes no no no no ino no no no no no no no no no yes no no yes yes no no no no no no yes yes no no yes no no no no no no no yes no no yes yes no no :no yes no no no yes no yes no no no yes yes yes yes no no no no no no no yes no 48 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. Occupation by Counties. CO ^ Oj CO Wayne. Blacksmith 15 Tinner 2 Carpenter Fireman . . .... 30 15 Painter 15 Sawyer Tanner 10 30 Brick-Mason ... 30 Brick-Mason . . . 13 Painter 8 Wilkes. Brick-Mason .._ 6 Brick-Mason . . . 35 Millvvriglit Carpenter Blacksmitli 8 8 10 Laborer 8 Millwright 11 Wilson. Wood-Worker . 18 Carpenter Brick-Mason . . . 30 11 Car^jenter . Painter 13 33 Machinist 8 Brick-Mason . . . 31 Painter . _ 10 Carpenter . Carpenter Brick-Mason . . . 15 4 30 Harness-Maker 30 Blacksmith 31 Carpenter Yadkin. 3 Tobacco-Worker 15 Painter 9 Carpenter Harness-Maker . .... Carpenter Blacksmitli 10 40 Painter . 10 Stone-Mason . . 7 Carpenter Carriage-Maker . 8 8 Laborer 30 Blacksmith | 14 Carriage Trim'er 8 10 10 •18 18 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 13 10 10 13 18 18 11 13 10 10 10 10 11 13 11 11 10 13 18 13 10 10 18 10 10 10 10 13 10 1 50S 'l 35I 83! 5 00 651 8 00 1 50 1 50 1 50| 3 00! 75! 00, OOi 50' 75; 50j 00 00 501 ool 50' 00 00, 50i 50 00 50 75, 35 50 00 00 00 75;. 50! OOi, 851. $ $ 468 OOweek 67 4 00 13 00 job day week., contract 9 00 9 00 9 00 18 00 10 00 6 00 6 00 3 00 10 50 job . . week. 100 50 100! 100 100 100 100 100 100 500 00 350 00 day . 75 day.. ... 100 job 90 job 33 job j.. . . month 50 375 00 job 90 9 00 . ' week 100 18 00 ; 370 OOweek 100 ..I 388 OOday i 33 . j ...jweek ! 100 ..!..- (week 100 .. 480 OOweek 100! 500 OOday 100 18 00 :job 100! 15 00 9 00 9 00 780 00! week 100 7 50 . !week i job .. 433 OOweek. week . .Iweek . 100 100 100 100 100 75! ! 100 00 job 00' .... 50 9 00.... 50 9 00.... 00 6 00; ... . 3 00'.... 13 00 00 50 irregular . 50 job.. ... IdO .. ... job . 100 380 OOday ! 100- 140 OOday \ 50 150 00 job 33 iday 75 300 OO'week ... 100 . month 50 185 00 job 50 350 00 month 33 175 00 job 100. 33 yes 50|". . . . -. yes -- yes -- ,jes .. lyes - - - lyes - - - [yes • • yes 67 yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes no yes yes yes - . yes . - . yes - - jes - - - !yes . . - lyes . .. yes -- yes - yes 50 yes 50yes - yes . . yes - - • yes 50 yes 67 yes 85 yes . . . yes 50yes 50 yes 67 yes . . . yes Reports from Mechanics. 49 1. — Continued. 03 ci bog <u 25 00 6 00 none 8 00 none none 12 00 none none none none none none none 100:$10 00 none| 10 00 2010tol5 few |l0bo20 6010tol5 ....110to20 ._..! 12 00 12 00 I0tol2 !8tol2 none none! none none none 50 OOi none none 2 none none 100 none none 60 90 "l5 150 150 100 5 00 5 to 7 5 to 7 5to7i 6to8i 6 OOi 5 to 7 8 to 10 15 00 8 00 15 00 12tol5 10 00 12 00 10 00 12 00 12tol6 10 00 10tol5 12tol5 13 00 o oj „ Q 3 i : i .S " be 6 00: 4 1 ....; 6to8[ 4 none , 8 none -.-..[ 8 none Inone 4 to 8 9 I 30 4 00 2 none ! 150 8 00 4 1 .-..i 4 00 6 I 140;7tol0.... none none 6 to 8 9 6to8 6 -I 75, 8 00! 1 J 25l 6 to 8! 2 o bp 'S o yes $. no 90 yes no 52 no . _ yes no 100 no 100 1 yes 2 lyes yes ... no ... no ' yes: ... no free yes 1 .... ; lyes! no yes yes no no yes 1 yes 1 no . 1 no 2 ' yes 1 no 1 j no 1 I yes I . . "60' 60. 60 65| -72| 60 3 .... free ...1 no 18 1 iyes:.... 1 I yes I .--lyes 1 yes 1 no - - - yes 30! 15: 20 10 25 25' ...jyes 1 i no 1 .... .-.'yes 50 25 10 no yes yes yes yes ; yes no yes .... yes no yes - yes .... yes no yes no yes yes yes yes yes sme yes no yes yes yes no yes sme yes sme yes - . no yes 50 no yes no yes no yes no yes no yes yes yes -' yes yes 20 ...' 25:.... 18! 85'.... ... 201... no yes no no no yes 1 yes yes yes no yes yes no no no no yes yes yee yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes ! no yes jyesino no yes !no no no no no no no no ' no yes no no no no no no no 1 ; 1 9, ! -?. no yes yes no no yes no yes no yes no yes no no no no yes yes no 2 ! no ! yes 1 i no I no no ! no no I no no j no no j yes no lyes no no no j yes no yes no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no yes yes yes no yes no no no no no no no no yes no ino Ino no no no no yes no yes no yes no no no no no no yes yes no .... [no no Ino no no no lyes 50 North Carolina Labor Statistics. TABLE No. -c ,£5 O CO g^-S 1 a; ^3 3o Occupation by t3 Paid by day, or month. ^^.m J3 • Counties. ^1 O P-a3 0- 1 TO m Ph |5 CD Yancey. Carpenter . 10 10 $ 1 00 $..... $ 280 00 day 100 ... yes Blacksmith . , . 40 10 50i$ 3 00 140 00 day ... 50 50.... Painter 10 1*^. 1 00 6 00 job day 33 67 no Stone Mason 7 10 1 00 75 25 Carpenter 8 10 2 00 12 00 300 66 week 100 ... yes Millwright Miller ... 8 10 2 00 12 00 week 100 yes 37 ^9, 50 3 00 100 ves I Reports from Mechanics. 51 1 —Continued. o c CO •'^ bCtc 53 . Oj IS, CO Q Ol P. ;h cS Ph a S W, c g . jL( re a bD a 'S 03 P +-> ci Per cent, wages in-creased past year. Percent, wages de-creased past year. c re °3 -^ CO . re "S J' _2 0/ _ 2 II 4^ CO re Ph a Ph CO . -Q Si ^^ >> ill SI So 5 CO be p -3 3 II 3 CO ?i Pnt-- g-a 03 •'-1 <1 ^ hi i.i ^ CO "Ph ^ ^^ _~. cu 0) be ,a;? none 30 150 "142 140 4to8i 9 .... 4 00 2 1 8 OOl 4 1 4 OOj 6 1 yes yes no yes yes 1 ves 3 9 9 3 6 6 no no no no no no no yes yes no yes yes yes ves no none no no no yes yes yes no none 30 ---- 25 1 3 1 3 yes yes 7 to 10 no 7 to 10 fi no 6 to 10 3 yes ! no ves 7 1 1 no m North Carolina Labor Statistics. Table No. 2. — Showing average Hours of Labor, per cent, of Wages paid in Cash and in Merchandise, average Number owning homes, average Rents PAID, Number in Family. Children attending School, &c., for each county in the State, made from returns from Mechanics in the different Counties. COUNTIES. s ^ y '<^ii c3 o rn 1 !h CI3 TS U O fl 1 -rt CC Ph a; ' OJ n^ ' fl, 01 f— * 0) be 0) t> o <^ aj 0) t^ 3 o d be °4H S A fH be -t-i a o D ' S-i< biD bfi! S P-( i <1 , -«1 rC3 ' be -^ ! 2 bb !> o ^: <J o Alamance , 10|[ Alexander 11 Alleghany 11 Anson lOfj Ashe IH Beaufort 11 Bertie U | Bladen H [ Brunswick lO^j Buncombe . . lOj! Burke lOi: Cabarrus lOi; Caldwell 11^1 Camden 11 i Carteret lOi: Caswell 11 Catawba Hi' Chatham Hi Cherokee.-- 11 Chowan lOi Clav lOAi Cleveland 11 Columbus - . Hi Craven - - - - - 10 Cumberland lOi Currituck 12 Davie 10* Davidson !• lOf Dare.- -.. 10^ Duplin ; lOi Durham ' 10 Edgecombe \ 10^ Forsytli Franklin . Gaston .-. Gates Q-raham . - Qvanville. Greene . - - lOi 11 11 ; 1H| llii 101 lOi: 71 90 70 70 55 92 56 65 71 91 88 79 79 84 73 100 59 73 68 100 62 75 59 94 95 10>) 85 93 86 59 98 95 98 95 88 81 56 96 58 29 10 30 30 45 8 44 35 29 9 12 21 21 16 27 '41' 27 32 '38" 25 41 15 7 14 41 2 5 2 5 12 19 44 4 42 } 7 50 7 66 7 33 8 40 7 12 8 65 8 60 8 75 9 00 11 65 8 75 8 45 8 50 7 80 9 55 9 35 8 60 8 75 10 00 12 00 6 50 8 00 8 25 11 90 12 00 10 00 7 80 9 25 8 00 8 25 11 20: 11 90 10 20 7 30 9 80 10 65 7 00: 11 25 5 93 3 66 5i 100 6 60 5 75 5 60 5 60 6 85 6 70 5 75 5 15 5 50 6^ 8b^ 6 67 6 91 4 5 4 83 6! 57 5 23i 6^ 40i 50 15 5 44 86 88, 29! 5 33 5 61 5 40 5 80 6 88 6 100, 7 142 00 83 40 25 36 00 40 60 00 40 25 00 15 30 56 00 25 87 50 56 80 25 50 30 60 17 33 40 00 9 48 00 38 30 45 50 63 21 80 46 34 00 72 50 00 50 30 00 67 39 00 43 26 75 77 71 00 60 '42 00 50 45 00 85 38 50 57 50 22 00 18 0(1 71 00 36 00: 81 00 48 00 20I 51 00; 12I 44 20 56 80; 74 001 25 OOl O 9 >-. S g P-i > ^ u * Ph 20 1 14 9 5 32 11 38 84 18 8 23i 47i 521 4:
Object Description
Description
Title | Annual report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the State of North Carolina |
Creator | North Carolina. |
Contributor |
Daniels, Josephus. North Carolina. |
Date | 1888 |
Subjects |
Agricultural statistics First person narrative Genealogy Highway law Industries Labor laws and legislation--North Carolina--Periodicals North Carolina. Department of Labor--Periodicals North Carolina--Economic conditions--Periodicals Vocational education--North Carolina |
Place | North Carolina, United States |
Time Period | (1876-1900) Gilded Age |
Description | Imprint varies; There was no sixth annual report Cf. Title pg., 7th, 1893. |
Publisher | [Raleigh :Office Bureau Labor Statistics],1887-1899(Raleigh:Josephus Daniels, state printer and binder). |
Agency-Current |
North Carolina Department of Labor |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Collection | Health Sciences Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Type | text |
Language | English |
Format |
Annual reports Periodicals |
Digital Characteristics-A | 36083 KB; 458 p. |
Digital Collection | North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Title Replaced By | North Carolina. Bureau of Labor and Printing..Annual report of the Bureau of Labor and Printing of the State of North Carolina |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_edp_annualreportbureauoflabor1888.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_edp\images_master\ |
Full Text |
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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
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http://www.archive.org/details/annualreportofbu1888nort
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE P J "i '
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
State of North Carolina,
FOR THE YEAR 1
UV. N. JOKES, Cotniiiissiotier.
RALEIGH, N. C.
:
JosEPHus Daniels, State Printer and Binder.
Presses of Edwards & Broughton.
1888.
\-\^ b'V
INTRODUCTION
Hon. a. M. Scales,
Governor of North Carolina.
Dear Sir:—In compliance with the law creating the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, I herewith submit to you and the General Assem-bly
the Second Annual Report of this department for the year 1888.
The subjects embraced in this Report are contained in six chap-ters,
as follows
;
Chapter I.—Reports from Mechanics.
Chapter II.—Reports from Mechanical and other Employers.
Chapter III.—Apprentices.
Chapter IV.—Manual and Technical Training.
Chapter V.—Public Roads.
Chapter VI.—Agricultural Statistics.
Chapter I is devoted to reports from" mechanics in reply to
inquiries in reference to their wages, hours of labor, &c., and their
educational, moral and financial condition. A large number of this
class of correspondents have responded to our inquiries, and we have
thought best to give what they have said in full. Their replies
make a very extensive and interesting chapter—one presenting
much valuable information, as well as opinions and suggestions as
to what would benefit this class of our citizens and the producing
classes of the State generally.
Chapter II is from mechanical and other employers of labor.
The reports made are in regard to capital employed, wages paid,
articles produced by the business reported, and also information in
reference to the condition of the employees in them. The purpose
being to get employers to give facts and opinions in reference to
their business affairs, (to be used in a general way,) as well as infor-mation
upon those points upon which employees expressed them-selves
in the previous chapter. It is hoped and believed that having
these expressions from employers and employees coming together
will prove a mutual benefit to both.
In Chapter III, the present apprentice law of the State is exam-ined,
and opinions obtained from the Clerks of the Superior Courts
of the State, and others who were supposed to be familiar with the
IV INTRODUCTION.
present law, as to its practical workings. As will be seen, a consid-erable
majority of the correspondents do not believe that the pres-ent
statute meets the needs of our people on the subject. Many
practical suggestions are made by them and presented in the chap-ter,
as are also the crystalized ideas of other States in the shape of
extracts from their apprentice laws.
In Chapter IV, some ideas have been gathered and inserted in
reference to manual and technical training. A comparatively new
subject, it is true, to most of the people of the State, but one that
is destined to occupy a considerable share of their attention in the
no distant future. It was thought proper and useful, therefore, to
give some of the ideas of the leaders of thought upon the subject
in this report.
Chapter V, deals with the present public road law of the State.
In it are given the views of many correspondents in this State,
representing all shades of opinion upon the subject. Extracts from
the road laws of other States are also given. This is one of those
public questions that of .necessity claims a large share of the atten-tion
of the people of the State. Information upon the subject will be
appreciated, and it is safe to assume that no chapter in the report
will get more attention than the one on public roads.
Chapter VI, which is the last, is given to Agricultural Statis-tics,
and is, in the main, concerning the productiveness of farming in
the State the past year. The facts and figures given were taken
from the experience of individual farmers, the correspondents of
the Bureau. The deductions made from the information given will
prove of interest and value, as will also the remarks contained in
the chapter, in reference to agricultural affairs.
Besides the foregoing subjects, it was the intention of the Bureau
to present in this report also, a chapter in regard to the mining indus-try
of the State, and much information with respect to the business
and labor in them was collected, but it was not as full as desired,
and as the matter of the report, without the chapter on mining, oc-cupied
as much space as could be given to it, we determined to
withhold the same for further investigation and fuller data.
The size of the present report, together with the smallnessof the
appropriation made for the support of the Bureau, is our excuse for
not undertaking the investigation of other subjects which we were
INTRODUCTION.
requested to investigate by persons interested in them, and which
were in line with our duties.
As will appear from this report and the former one, a considera-ble
correspondence has been carried on by the Bureau with the
people of the State. Their interest in the department has con-stantly
increased from the beginning. They have given us generous
and cheerful aid by responding to our inquiries, as well as by words
of encouragement. They have recrgnized the Bureau in its true
light, as a vehicle for the expression of views upon economic ques-tions
and afTairs of State, and along with the information furnished
of a private nature, the correspondents have given their opinions
upon public affairs as well as those that immediately concerned
them. The expressions for the most part have been conservative
and prudent. There are but few bitter criticisms even in stating
complaints, and what is said will commend itself by reason of this
fact. Abuses will sooner be corrected by a plain, temperate ex-pression
than in any other way. The considerable space given to
the statement of opinions from correspondents will do good. They
will command that attention from all which the voice of the labor-ing
and producing classes should receive.
The Bureau is designed to be an educational force. Its purpose
is to investigate matters pertaining to the producers of the State,
and to present them for public consideration. In this way it is
hoped that a just public sentiment will be produced and fostered,
and thus encouragement will be given, and the avenues to the
highest development will be kept open. To the producing classes
belong the hope of any people, and when their ideas are sought
and they are encouraged and developed the best results follow to
all. No better way has been found to do this than for a State to
look particularly after these classes—to see what their condition is
and what it ought to be and then present it for public consideration.
Those States which have done so have been the most progressive
and prosperous—not for one class but for all classes. In this age
of machine and corporate power States must be on the alert as well
as individuals for the best conditions, and those that are watchful
get the prizes, while those that make no extra efforts find them-selves
far in the rear, eating the dust and dirt of those in front.
It is true that it is not the diaty of the State to have any class of
VI INTRODUCTION.
its citizens as pampered favorites, but it is its duty to see that
those ideas prevail which shall bring the best results to the body
politic. That is done wherever enlightened views obtain about
economic questions which concern the condition of those who toil.
It is well known that servile labor is not the best labor, and that
kind which approaches it has never brought the best results to the
State. Those nations of antiquity were not the most prosperous
or the most powerful when the lines between those represented by
the patricians and plebeians were the most strongly drawn, and
little attention given to the great body of the people. The same
lesson may be learned from mediaeval and modern history, and if we
take up the history of the English speaking people we shall see that
every step they have taken away from vassalage—every movement
among them which has given stimulation and encouragement to
those who toil has brought the best results to ail. The history of
the past may reasonably be relied on as an index for the future.
The purpose, therefore, that called into being labor bureaus is a
high one—that purpose being to look into the condition of the
producers—particularly of those who are employees—to get their
ideas and present them along with the ideas of others—to get ideas
and to give back ideas, that they may act and re act, that the pub-lic
mind may be informed and a just sentiment created and fostered.
The first labor bureau was established in Massachusetts in 1869
—
a State in which more attention, perhaps, is paid to economic science
than any in the Union. The Massachusetts Bureau made such a
record for good in that Commonwealth, that no department of
State was more relied on or created a greater interest than the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. It came to be liberally supported, and
it soon attracted attention in other States by its work. In 1872,
Pennsylvania established a similar Bureau, and in 1876 Missouri
also established one ; other States followed, until now there are
twenty-two State bureaus in existence, and also a National bureau,
which has recently been enlarged and made a separate department
of the government. These bureaus owe their rise and growth to no
sudden impulse or ebullition of feeling, but the good effect of their
work being seen and observed, they have steadily widened their
influence and made their way to public favor. It is safer to assume
that the development of this kind of statistical work has just begun.
INTRODUCTION. VII
The statistical department of government does not to-day, highly as
it is regarded, occupy that prominent position which it is destined
to assunne. There is an eagerness everywhere apparent for statisti-cal
information, especially on economic questions, not for theoretical,
but for practical purposes. The time has come when it is recog-nized
that it is best for States to " keep books," as well as prudent
business men, in order to post themselves thoroughly about their
internal affairs, to see what their condition is and what their possi-bilities
are—hence the avidity for statistical information.
The field which the North Carolina Bureau is intended to occupy
therefore is not new or untried. It is a field well known, practical
and definite, and one from which may be obtained the best results
to the State. The work accomplished by it the past two years is
only an earnest of what can be done.
It is hardly necessary to say that such work as the Bureau has in
hand should be well done, and suf^cient funds should be provided
for that purpose. The act establishing the Bureau allows three
thousand dollars for the first year's work, and two thousand dollars
for each subsequent year. By reference to this creative act, it will
be seen that this latter sum is less than is necessary to run tiie ordi-nary
expenses of the department. By the most rigid economy it
requires the sum of three thousand dollars to pay the salaries, post-age
and incidental office expenses. This amount is required to meet
the expenses of the Bureau when the work is done entirely by
correspondence, as was done the past two years, and is less than
that allowed by any other Bureau in the country. Most of the
bureaus allow a special sum for travelling expenses for investigation
by canvass, and the money expended in this way is found to be
wisely spent, because in some instances, and in regard to some lines
of investigation, it is necessary for statistical work to be done by
canvass in order to get the best and most reliable data. It will only
be necessary to call attention to the present allowance for the sup-port
of this department to show how meagre it is, and also how
insufficient it is to do the work embraced in the act establishing the
same.
In transmitting this report, we desire to say that the thanks of
the Bureau are due, and are cordially extended, the many corre-spondents
who have answered our inquiries, and who have given
VIII INTRODUCTION.
the information contained in the Report. They have served their
own as well as the State's best interest, by giving this information
and expressing themselves concerning the labor and industrial inter-ests
of the State. Our thanks are also due for courtesies extended
by the press in sending copies of their papers to the Bureau, and
also for kindly expressions in regard to the work done as shown in
the first Report. Mention should also be made of the kindness of
many county officers in giving information, which was very beneficial
to and very much appreciated by us.
Respectfully, W. N. JONES,
Comwissioner.
Raleigh, January i, 1889.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Bureau of Labor Statistics,
1888.
CHAPTER I
REPORTS FROM MECHANICS.
The reports received from mechanics during the present year are
contained in tliis chapter. It will be seen from the tables and re-marks
embraced in it, that all the counties of the State are represented,
some more fully than others, but all by several correspondents. The
number of returns from some of the counties, however, is not as great
as it should be. The reason of this is that the mechanics in these
counties did not answer the blanks sent out as fully as they were
answered in others. A considerable number of blanks were sent into
every county in the State, but a great percentage of mechanics are
unused to expressing themselves by correspondence, and hence a
failure to answer. Many have opinions and information which they
are willing to give an expression to off hand, but it is difficult to
get an expression from them on paper. When this fact is con-sidered,
the returns which are contained in this chapter, both as to
value and scope, will be appreciated and acknowledged as very full.
It is gratifying to know tliat the percentage of those answering our
inquiries is larger than is reported by most of the Bureaus of other
States.
In reading this chapter, it should be remembered that the reports
from which it is made up are from individual mechanics, who live
for the most part in the towns of the State. In some instances they
may not represent the general average of a county, but as a general
thing they do represent the counties from which they come, and it
North Carolina Labor Statistics.
is believed that the averages for the State will be found to be relia-ble.
From the tables it will be seen that the average journeyman
compensation in the principal mechanical pursuits of the State is as
follows: Blacksmiths, $1.38; brickmasons, SI.^5; carpenters, $1.40;
machinists, $2.06; millwrights, S2.10; painters, $1.43; printers,
$1.44; wheelwrights, $1.50.
While the above rate of compensation is not as high as in some
other States of the Union where the centres of population are larger,
yet it is to be noted that the number owning homes and accumula-ting,
from the reports made, is higher than in States where a greater
rate of compensation prevails. The percentage of those owning
liomes from the reports received is 59; percentage accumulating
from wagers received 39 ; percentage running in debt for living ex-penses
20. This is a creditable showing, and speaks well for the
thrift and economy of the mechanics of the State with the compen-sation
received.
•The average reported wages paid in cash, from the returns sent in,
amounts to seventy-five per cent.; wages paid in merchandize tw^en-ty-
five per cent. Attention is respectfully called to the remarks
made upon this point in the first report of the Bureau, a part of
which is as follows:
"Another matter which should receive the consideration of those interested,
and to wliich attention is called by some of the correspondents of the Bureau, is
the system which prevails with some emi^loyers in the State, of requiring their
employees to trade at certain stores—a system which is known in other parts of
the country as the " truck system." Wherever it has been used it has been uni-formly
condemned—causing more or less dissatisfaction and trouble. * * *
By such a course, employees are not allowed the benefits of competition in trade,
whicli is always beneficial to the trader. Compulsion in this matter is unjust,
because the employer insists upon making two profits upon the employee's work
—
one on the product of his labor, the other on the consumption of his labor. Such
a course savors too much of greed, and even if carried on justly, would create
distrust. * * * Happily, the " truck system " is not verj^ extensively prac-ticed
in North Carolina, though .in connection with some enterprises in the State
it is carried on. It is to be hoped that it will never be followed by the shops and
factories in the Ptate. It would even be better to pay less and allow workingmen
to have their earnings, whatever they are, to do as they please with, rather than
compel them to trade at any particular place. There can be no valid objection
to any employer carrying on a store if he so desires, but to compel his employees
to trade there cannot be justified."'
Reports from Mechanics.
The average price of board, as gathered from the returns from the
different counties in the State, is nine dollars and five cents. This
information was sought for the purpose of affording some idea of
the cost of living in the State. It represents neither the highest nor
the lowest price paid, but the average, and it is believed that the
answers given will afford a just idea of the subject. A question was
contained in the blanks sent to mechanics as to the cost of living by
families, but it seems not to have been answered in a large number
of instances as it should have been. Some failed to include the cost
of clothing, others did not include cost of farm products raised by
them and consumed, and there were other reasons which indicated
much unreliability, hence it was deemed best to rely upon the
answers to the cost of board as affording a more correct estimate of
the cost of living in the State.
The average amount of rent paid by those reporting is forty-two
dollars and fifty cents.
The average number of months the public schools are kept open
is four. This is some larger than the average given by the Super-intendent
of Public Instruction of the State in his report, but this is
to be accounted for by the fact that the returns of the Bureau, for
the most part, come from the towns of the State, as heretofore indi-cated,
and when this fact is taken into account the average months
given will be seen not to be too large. Out of the fifteen hundred
children reported in the families making returns to the Bureau, one
thousand and fifty are represented as attending school, something
over two-thirds.
The average hours of labor per day, as show^n in the table for the
State, is ten and four-fifths. This is a very high average, and one
that ought to be lessened, and will be when a just view of the ques-tion
is taken by those who insist upon a greater number.
Coming to the remarks contained in the chapter, we find that con-siderable
mention is made about the large number of incompetent
workmen in the various counties of the State, who set themselves
"up as proficient to tiie detriment of those who are really competent.
This is attributed by some to the present method of apprenticing
those who learn mechanical trades, in which there is no obligation
of the employer to instruct, and consequently no stipulation on the
part of the apprentice to serve for instruction. It happens that em'-
North Carolina Labor Skatistics.
ployers take apprentices without expecting to give them employ-ment
when they arrive at that age when they must have such wages
as will support a family. Their only expectation is to get cheap
work out of the apprentice as long as possible, and when the time
to pay something like journeyman wages arrives the apprentice is
displaced, and some one else is taken, ostensibly, to learn the trade?
and thus the process is continued, not only to the detriment of profi-cient
workmen, but of many fair employers as well.
Prices are disturbed by this method, both as to labor and the pro-ducts
of labor, by crowding the market with half proficient me-chanics.
Much is said in the remarks about the loose methods of
employing apprentices, a"nd the disadvantages resulting therefrom,
but as this subject is fully considered under the head of apprentices
in the third chapter, the attention of the reader, is called to what is
said there.
No doubt the subject of incompetent workmen comes closer to the
mechanics of the State than any other. We are led to this conclu-sioli
by the prominence given to the subject in the remarks sent in.
If, therefore, any just and practical assistance can be rendered by
which better mechanics may be turned out of the shops of the State,
it should receive the careful attention of those who represent the
people in a legislative way. The practical question comes up, can
this be done, and if so, how?
We believe that it can be done, and that too as suggested by many
correspondents of the Bureau, to-wit: By a system of certificates
such as are now given to lawyers, doctors and teachers. We believe
it can be accomplished in this way in connection with the present
school system of the State, and if it can be done, it is just as in-cumbent
upon the State to foster learning in mechanical ways as it
is to foster the training of the mind. The fact is, many thoughtful
people are beginning to see that these two kinds of instruction have
in the past been too widely divorced, and there has not been that
attention paid to hand training which should have been. Certainly
the State is very much interested in skilled labor, because material
advancement comes in this way. As shown in another chapter, pro-gressive
States are waking up to this conclusion, and are following
out their ideas by establishing manual and technical training schools
as a part of public education. North Carolina is now making a be-
Reports from Mechanics.
ginning in the same direction, but it will, doubtless, be some time
before school education in the State will afford any general and spe-cific
advantage to mechanical training. A system of mechanical
certificates could, however, be very soon put into operation in con-nection
with the public school system without any detriment to it.
This could be done by making it the duty of the Superintendent of
Public Instruction in each county to give these certificates in proper
cases. While this officer could not, of course, be expected to know
enough by himself about the various mechanical pursuits carried
on in a county to pass upon the proficiency of those who might ap-ply
for certificates, (no one would be able to do that,) yet if the ap-plicant
were required to state in his petition applying for a certifi-cate
what his qualifications were, and to give references as to work
done by him, and to furnisli tlie testimony of those who were ac-quainted
with liis abilities, botli employers and employees, as to
whetlier he was worthy of a certificate, and if so, what kind of a
certificate, the superintendent could easily satisfy himself from evi-dence
given, or such additional as he might seek in liis discretion,
what the applicant was entitled to, and could govern himself accord-ingly.
He could give him a first-class certificate, or a second-class
certificate, or a third-class certificate, or no certificate at all, as is now
the case with those seeking positions as teachers in the public schools.
If the superintendent should be required to publish the days upon
which he would visit the different townships of a county, the infor-mation
necessary to pass upon applicants could be very easily ob-tained.
The superintendent must visit the public schools anyhow;
the time consumed in investigating mechanical applicants would
not be considerable. In this way any sensible and vigilant superin-tendent
could pass intelligently upon the merits of every applicant.
Certainly the method suggested would be a better means of deter-mining
mechanical ability than the average examination of the
schools and professions to determine standing in them.
The superintendent might be required to make a report of his
action with respect to applicants to the county board of education,
stating therein the names of those examined, to whom certificates
were granted, their occupation, grade of certificate, by whom recom-mended,
&c.
These facts might be recorded by the clerk of the board in a book
NoKTH Carolina Labor Statistics.
kept for that purpose. It would, doubtless, be well to make it the
duty of the board of education in conjunction with the superin-tendent
to pass finally upon all applications, and to provide that
the boards of education in the several counties should be composed
of one practical mechanic.
The adoption of such a plan as the foregoing would, of course,
make the duties of the superintendent of public instruction greater
than they now are, and consequently his compensation would have
to be greater. In order to meet this, at least in part, it might be
deemed wise to require that a small fee, not to exceed one dollar,
accompany each petition. If any additional pay should be neces-sary
it could very well and properly be borne by the general school
fund, as it would necessarily be slight, and the work done would be
to the greatest advantage of the commonwealth, creating of neces-sity
a spirit of emulation in the various" mechanical pursuits of the
State. Such a system of certificates would be just as salutary as it
is w4th teachers and others. The first grade certificate would be
striven for, because it would show that the mechanic holding it was
a first grade mechanic, and was entitled to first grade pay. There
would be a constant effort on the part of those following mechanical
pursuits to obtain this grade of certificate. This would be an ad-vantage
not only to employees, but of employers as well, because
they would be enabled to know at least something of the c|ualifica-tions
of mechanics.
It is true that there are mechanics whose reputations are well
known as good workmen, who would not need or seek these certifi-cates;
but it is also true that there are large numbers who would
seek them, and to whom they would be of great advantage. It may
be said that the system is not intended alone for those who are well
known as proficient workmen, but for others also. To those whose
reputations are not established it would be beneficial in that it
would show where merit was. At the same time it would be a pro-tection
to those whose reputations might be established, because it
would indicate who the good workmen were among those not well
known as such. This would be to the advantage of merit all round,
at the same time the system would stimulate to attain proficiency
on the part of those not having it.
As many thoughtful mechanics, not only in this State but in
Reports from Mechanics.
others favor this system, as is to be seen in the reports of the various
State bureaus, their opinions deserve very careful consideration-
We beheve there is much practical good in the idea, and if the
system is inaugurated it is peculiarly appropriate that it should be
done in connection with the public school system of the State—
a
system that owes a great deal more to hand traning than it is now
giving.
There are many other subjects of interest discussed in the re-marks
of this chapter, and attention is respectfully directed to what
is there said.
North Carolina Labor Statistics.
TABLE No. 1.
—
Showing Occupation of Individual Mechanics reporting
THEIR Hours, of Labor, Wages and how paid. Number
for Board, Number in Family, School Months,
Occupation by
Counties.
4J
a
0)
O
^ 6
to 'D
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OCLC Number-Original | 8319901 |