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N /C .13£pt'of!':li|fco^*|ii^^ C33I K87L. 194-X/4.4. Cbe Mtmtv ottpt Onitiergitp of jQortt Carolina Collection ot jj^ortj^ Catoliniana ^W booH toais presented C33I 194^/4-4 UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00033934896 This booh must not he tahen from the Library huildin^. /A./' Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/bienreportlab194244nort BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JULY 1. 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944 ISSUED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FORREST H. SHUFORD. Commissioner RALEIGH TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Letter of Transmittal 5 Recommendations of Commissioner of Labor 7 Report of Expenditures 12 Division of Standards and Inspections 14 Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections 16 Bureau of Elevator Inspections 21 Bureau of Boiler Inspections 22 Bureau of Mines and Quarries 25 Conciliation Service Division 29 Division of Statistics and Publications 32 Division of Apprenticeship Training 69 Bureau of Labor for the Deaf 71 Veterans' Service Division 76 . LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Honorable J. M. Broughton, Governor of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina. Members of the General Assembly OF THE State of North Carolina. Gentlemen : I respectfully submit the biennial report of the North Carolina Department of Labor for the biennium July 1, 1942 to June 30, 1944. In transmitting this report to you I want to acknowledge the fine cooperation and assistance of the heads of the different divi-sions of the Department of Labor which made possible the showing we have made in this biennium. Your very truly, Forrest H. Shuford, Commissioner of Labor. BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR Raleigh, N. C. Honorable J. M. Broughton, Governor of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina. Sir: As provided under Section 7310(c) of the Consolidated Statutes of North Carolina, the annual report of the Commis-sioner of Labor shall be "made on or before January first of the year in which the General Assembly shall be in session" and "shall be accompanied by recommendations of the Commissioner of Labor with reference to such changes in the law applying to or affecting labor conditions as the Commissioner may deem advisable." The activities of the Department are adequately covered in the reports submitted to me by the heads of the various divi-sions, which reports comprise the main body of this report. Therefore, I shall confine my statements to a brief summary of the work of the Department, together with my recommenda-tions in regard to our needs in order to improve the service of the Department of Labor and for changes and improvements in the labor laws which seem to me to be essential in order for us to function in the manner prescribed by law in the improve-ment of working conditions. I sincerely trust that you will be able to pass these recommendations on to the members of the General Assembly with your endorsement. Since I am aware of your earnest desire for the needs of the working people of our State to be efficiently served by just and proper laws, I am confident that my recommendations are in accord with your opinions and desires. In the biennial report covering the period July 1, 1940 to June 30, 1942 I expressed the opinion that, while it behooves . every agency to do the very best job possible with the least expense, in view of the rising cost of living it was necessary to increase the salaries paid State employees. The action of the General 8 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor Assembly in granting a bonus was gratifying. It is my earnest \j conviction that this temporary bonus should be made a perma-nent part of the State employees' salaries and, if possible, their salaries further increased. NEEDED LEGISLATION Due to the differential in earnings between industrial and mercantile employees engaged in intrastate employment and those engaged in interstate employment, it is felt that enact-ment of minimum-wage legislation is needed. I wish to direct your attention to several reasons supporting my feeling : 1. Minimum-wages tend to eliminate unfair competition be-tween the employer in a manufacturing industry who sells his goods in many States, covered by the Federal law, and the employer in the same business who sells all his goods within the State, not covered by the Federal law. 2. Experience gained in the administration of the Federal Wage and Hour Law indicates that it is a measure to which business generally can adopt itself without undue hardship. 3. Such legislation would offer reasonable assurance against the need for subsidization by social agencies or public works of employees in ordinary occupations. 4. It would provide for veterans of the present war, and others, some assurance of employment at better than sub-sistence wages. 5. Over one-half of the States have enacted minimum-wage legislation and have found same beneficial. 6. While minimum-wage legislation ordinarily does not cover agricultural workers, it will increase the wages of cov-ered low income groups. Statistics show that the income of both of these groups closely parallel each other, so that benefits received by industrial workers indirectly benefit all other workers. The need of provision for voluntary arbitration panels as a means of democratically disposing of post-war labor-manage-ment problems which have failed of settlement through bargain-ing and conciliation is desirable. The probability that the War Labor Board will cease to function after the war makes this need even more pronounced and is in line with your oft ex-pressed opinion that the State should give to its citizens a bet-ter government through state agencies. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 9 division of standards and inspections Mr. Lewis P. Sorrell, Chief of the Division of Standards and Inspections, had made a full report of the work of that Division. I direct your attention to the increase in the number of viola-tions of Labor Laws and Codes discovered during the biennium and likewise to the increase in corrections of these violations that were secured. I believe that I am correct in stating that this increase is to be attributed more to the increased effective-ness of inspections than to any increase in flagrant violations of the law. Following the trend established during the 1940-1942 bien-nium there has been a further reduction of complaints received and investigated during the past biennium. This trend is in my opinion but another indication of the increased effectiveness of the work being done by this Division. The continued importance of mica mining in this State has placed quite a burden on the two mining inspectors. During the past four years the number of mines in North Carolina has more than trebled, with the greatest increase occurring in the war necessary mica mines. CONCILIATION SERVICE DIVISION The report of Frank Crane, Conciliator, is his first report covering a full biennial period, the Division having been estab-lished in March, 1941. His report is extremely gratifying. Some strikes occurred in North Carolina, a fact which is to be regretted, but through the work of this Division and the coop-eration of the United States Conciliation Service these strikes and work stoppages which would have seriously interfered with our production program have been held to a minimum. The creation and preservation of good relations between Labor and Management constitute an important function of this Di-vision. I am proud to state that such relations do exist in North Carolina. • _ DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND PUBLICATIONS It is the responsibility of the Division of Statistics of the De-partment of Labor to collect and compile statistical information relating to labor and laboring conditions in our State. During the biennium covered by this report this Division has materially increased the scope of its endeavors. 10 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor Employment and pay roll data are now used to estimate total manufacturing employment in the State. In addition data are now being taken from inspection records that will reveal the number of employees in North Carolina by race and sex. This same data will provide information concerning the number of employees in manufacturing by shift. The Division continues to supervise the issuance of employ-ment certificates to minors and to compile data on the age, sex, occupation, industry, and education of these minors. The Division continues to collect data on building construc-tion in North Carolina. While of little value at the present time due to the fact that construction is limited to that necessary in the war effort, these data in normal times provide an important indication of business conditions. The Division has during the biennium compiled a directory of manufacturing firms located in North Carolina. This direc-tory is now in the hands of the printer and will be available soon. It lists all known manufacturing firms in the State in two sep-arate lists: one list is prepared by counties and one list is pre-pared by type of industry on a state-wide basis. The Division hopes to compile during the coming biennium, personnel and funds being available, data on the cost of living in North Carolina and occupational wages for at least the more important industries in the State. DIVISION OF APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING This Division becomes increasingly important as more and more veterans of the war return. Engaged for the past two years in securing training for workers needed in war plants, the Division now looks forward to a program of training vet-erans in peace-time occupations. No one can anticipate what program or programs may be es-tablished by Federal Agencies to carry out this training pro-gram. Rather than await developments it is my feeling that the Apprenticeship Training Division must prepare to lead the way in this important field. Should other agencies develop some plan of training we should and will be prepared to cooperate in any manner possible. BUREAU OF LABOR FOR THE DEAF The report of J. M. Vestal, Chief of the Bureau of Labor for the Deaf, is of great interest. Employers who had previously Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 11 refused to employ deaf persons have been forced by war condi-tions and the shortage of labor to make concessions to these handicapped persons. The concession has been mutually bene-ficial and the Bureau will attempt to see that it remains so. During the past biennium Federal Aid to this Division was withdrawn; the service rendered by the Bureau to the deaf people of this State should not be permitted to suffer as a result of this action on the part of the Federal Government. VETERANS' SERVICE DIVISION The services rendered veterans of all wars and the dependents of deceased veterans of all wars, is set forth in the report of Frank M, Sasser, State Service OfRcer. The importance of this division and its work at present cannot be overstated. No effort is too great that insures returning veterans of this present conflict every possible benefit to which they may be entitled by law. The establishment of branch offices of this Division at stra-tegic points throughout the State was necessary. Every effort must be exerted to see that these offices render to the veterans in each of North Carolina's one hundred counties the service expected of them. Every veteran must have the opportunity to perfect his claims without undue expense or delay. 12 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor REPORT OF EXPENDITURES, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 1942-1943 Appropriation—Chapter 107; P. L. 1941 $ 85,689.00 Federal Wage and Hour Payments 113,838.53 1. Contingency and Emergency Fund .._. 6,715.00 Vocational Education—Bureau for the Deaf ._ _ 2,241.88 Employees' War Bonus 7,950.00 ' Refund of Expenditures 759.99 $217,194.40 Expenditures $206,714.97 Refund of Expenditures 759.99 $207,474.96 Balance $ 9,719,44 Purposes Administration $ 12,534.12 Veterans' Service OfRce 12,623.02 Statistical Division 2,594.75 ''' ' - ' Standards and Inspections 154,506.59 Employment Service 4,533.60 ... Supplies and Materials 1,813.94 Apprenticeship Training 3,962.25 Conciliation Service 6,255.71 Employees' War Bonus 7,890.99 $206,714.97 Objects Salaries and Wages $148,624.64 Supplies and Materials 335.30 Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 3,886.25 Travel Expense 41,141.97 Printing and Binding 1,588.69 Repairs and Alterations 249.19 General Expense 2,162.32 Equipment 835.62 Employees' War Bonus 7,890.99 $206,714.97 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 13 REPORT OF EXPENDITURES, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 1943-1944 Appropriation—Chapter 530; P. L. 1943 $137,045.00 Federal Wage and Hour Payments 114,572.24 Vocational Education—Bureau for the Deaf 1,769.34 Refund of Expenditures 594.64 $253,981.22 Expenditures $226,189.42 Refund of Expenditures ._.__ 594.64 $225,784.06 Balance $ 27,197.16 Purposes Administration —- $ 12,523.83 Veterans' Service Office _— 14,044.12 Emplojmient Service 4,112.40 Statistical Division 6,577.59 Standards and Inspections 60,440.72 Wage and Hour 107,139.53 Supplies and Service 2,228.83 Apprenticeship Training 4,960.03 , Conciliation Service 6,453.07 Employees' War Bonus 7,709.30 $226,189.42 ' ' ' Objects Salaries and Wages $156,448.90 Supplies and Materials 478.75 Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 4,418.36 Travel Expense 42,045.65 Printing and Binding 2,007.78 Repairs and Alterations 305.25 General Expense 2,798.56 Equipment 1,734.27 Employees' War Bonus 15,951.90 $226,189.42 -it.- ii.\ '/;!''. 14 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor DIVISION OF STANDARDS AND INSPECTIONS Lewis P. Sorrell, Chief Inspector The Division of Standards and Inspections is responsible for seeing that all Labor Laws, rules and regulations concerning the safety and welfare of employees are effectively and impar-tially administered. In the Division there are four Bureaus, namely: .-...' The Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections . . The Bureau of Boiler Inspections The Bureau of Elevator Inspections The Bureau of Mine and Quarry Inspections. In addition to the enforcement of the State Labor Law and the rules and regulations pertaining to the above Bureaus, the Division is responsible for making inspections and investiga-tions of establishments subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and the Public Contracts Act for the purpose of deter-mining compliance with the provisions thereof. This inspection responsibility is pursuant to a State-Federal Agreement entered into between the North Carolina Department of Labor, the Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions and the Chil-dren's Bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor. Since April 1941 the Department has been responsible for the administra-tion of these Federal laws in North Carolina with the aid of a Federal Unit assigned to the Department by the Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions and the Children's Bureau. Un-der this responsibility the Division of Standards and Inspections makes all investigations and inspections for the purpose of de-termining compliance with the Federal laws. The Division has also during the biennial period conducted surveys and inven-tories for the various Federal war agencies. The first year of the biennium the pay roll inspectors made investigations of complaints and routine assignments pertain-ing to the Federal Wage and Hour Law. The other group of inspectors classified as joint inspectors were responsible for making investigations in connection with Wage and Hour work and also for safety and health inspections and enforcement of State Maximum Hour and Child Labor Laws in all establish-ments in their respective districts. In addition to the above groups of inspectors the Legislature provided for three addi-tional inspectors who were given the responsibility of mak- Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 15 ing inspections of establishments in intrastate business not cov-ered by the provisions of the Federal Wage and Hour Law consisting chiefly of mercantile, restaurant, and service estab-lishments. At the beginning of the second year of the biennium our inspectors were reclassified to some extent and the pay roll inspectors were charged with the responsibility of making in-vestigations and pay roll inspections in connection with both the Federal Wage and Hour Law and the State Labor and Child Labor Laws in establishments engaged in interstate commerce. Our joint inspectors as mentioned above are now classified as senior factory inspectors and have the responsibility of mak-ing safety and health inspections for the Federal Public Con-tracts Division as well as for the State in establishments en-gaged in interstate commerce. Our other group of inspectors classified as junior factory inspectors are charged with the re-sponsibility of making inspections of service establishments, mercantile establishments, restaurants, etc., engaged in intra-state business only. This change in program did not get under way until about September 1, 1943. Due to the increased volume of inspections and the fact that we are doing safety work in connection with the administration of the Federal Public Contracts Act under the State-Federal Cooperative Agreement our work has increased considerably with regard to State office work. You will note in this report that there has been a considerable increase in the number of permits issued for the employment of male adults eighteen years of age and over to exceed the provisions of the maximum hour law as provided by statute. There has been an increase in office work brought about by mod-ification of the maximum hour and child labor laws under the provisions of the Governor's Emergency War Power Proclama-tion Act. During the biennium the work of the Division has progressed very satisfactorily. The reclassification or reorganization of inspectors in September 1943 has resulted in a considerable in-crease in the number of inspections made over the previous year during the same period of time. However, we have had a considerable turn-over in personnel and it has been very dif-ficult to replace our more technically trained personnel such as boiler inspectors and for the entire biennium we have not had a boiler inspector as both our inspectors are in the armed serv-ices. 16 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor The mining industry in this State has been most active and this is particularly true with the mica mining industry as this State is the chief source of mica production in the United States and mica is classified as one of the most essential minerals used in the prosecution of the war program. The Elevator Bureau has been operating very satisfactorily even though there have been restrictions on materials necessary for repairs and improvements of elevators. The Division is working to maintain the best possible condi-tions of safety and sanitation and to enforce the State Labor Laws and the provisions of the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act. BUREAU OF FACTORY AND MERCANTILE INSPECTIONS The State is divided into seven inspectional districts with a senior inspector directing the State inspectional work in each district. Three of these district offices operate as branch offices with a supervising inspector directing the Federal work. These senior and supervising inspectors are charged with the respon-sibility of directing and planning the work of other inspectors in their respective districts in connection with the joint State- Federal inspections as prescribed by the agreement. The Bureau of Factory and Mercantile inspections is con-cerned with the maintenance of safe and sanitary working con-ditions in every place in the State. To the same extent that we are interested in sanitary working conditions, we are interested in safe physical conditions. It is as essential for hazardous machines, belts, pulleys, etc., to be guarded as it is for clean toilets or for sanitary drinking water facilities to be maintained. It is likewise as essential for an employer to keep an adequate first aid kit with trained personnel to use such equipment, and to utilize every available means in making employees safety conscious, as it is to provide guards for hazardous machines. In most establishments the primary work of the safety in-spector is to advise and discuss with the management the most practical methods of carrying out the Industrial Code provi-sions. Many employers do not have to be "sold" on the idea of providing satisfactory working conditions, nor are enforcement measures necessary in order to secure compliance with the pro-visions of our Code. They are anxious to make improvements which are beneficial. However, there are other employers— a Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 17 minority group—who resist all efforts of an inspector to secure voluntary compliance with the Labor Laws and the safety and sanitary regulations, who will violate the law even though in-spections are made as frequently as our personnel permits. With this type employer it is often necessary to resort to the courts to secure compliance with the State Labor Laws, as less drastic measures will not secure the desired results. In January 1943 our junior and senior factory inspectors had the benefit of attending a special safety training school con-ducted by Mr. R. P, Blake, Senior Safety Engineer of the Di-vision of Labor Standards of the United States Department of Labor. Classroom work, as well as practical inspections of sev-eral establishments selected for this purpose, was the basic part of this training program. Moreover, there have been var-ious meetings and conferences held with the pay roll and super-vising inspectors concerning Wage and Hour and Public Con-tracts work during this biennium. ESTABLISHMENTS INSPECTED, SPECIAL PERMITS ISSUED, AMOUNT OF RESTITUTION AND NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS MADE RELATIVE TO OUR AtlREEMENT WITH THE WAGE AND HOUR AND PUBLIC CONTRACTS DIVISION During this biennium we have made 12,421 inspections. Two thousand seven hundred and forty-one special permits were issued for the employment of male adults to work in excess of the provisions of the State Maximum Hour Law as prescribed by statute. Eighty-four special permits were issued allowing female minors sixteen and seventeen years of age to work after 10 P. M. as permitted under the Governor's Emergency War Power Proclamation which became effective May 1943. In connection with the agreement between this Department and the Federal Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divi-sions 3,633 inspections were made with 2,032 violations found. These inspections resulted in .$435,410.25 restitution being paid to 16,408 employees. This involved 935 establishments. Dur-ing the fiscal year 1943-1944 a total of 428 public contract in-spections were made concurrently with the above mentioned inspections and 534 investigations were made in connection with the War assignment program for one of the Federal War agencies. 18 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor ORDERS ISSUED FOR COMPLIANCE WITH LABOR LAWS U.\' AND CODES ,; ,;•, During the biennial period the inspectors of this Division reported a total of 8,006 business establishments which were not complying- with the State Labor Laws and Codes, The vio-lations reported consisted of child labor violations, insanitary toilets, failure to provide separate toilets for sexes and races, hour violations, failure to provide seats for female employees, failure to have the proper first aid equipment for the use of workers, failure to have employees trained to administer first aid, and for not having posted copies of labor laws and schedules of work hours. Establishments not meeting the Industrial Code requirements were most frequently reported for unsafe working conditions. These conditions include slippery floors, unguarded machinery, improper exits, unsafe elevators, etc. ''"' The following tables present a study of the types of violations noted in the past biennial period and of the compliance reported for the same period of time. The orders issued for corrections and the compliance reported are tabulated according to industry classifications. ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM—JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944 Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Orders Noted by Industry Violations or jabor Laws and Codes • Industry Total Viola-tions Child Labor Hour Time Records Sanita-tion Seat First Aid Drink-ing Water Codes Cotton Mills 2,653 852 23 96 589 1,311 1,779 245 2,002 16,551 1,585 360 5,753 108 237 161 1 40 84 158 147 28 365 13,265 454 195 3,688 25 64 18 4 2 324 104 6 8 77 227 189 39 242 295 215 26 257 19 20 4 76 32 31 14 1 ie" 27 57 50' 74 34 7 42 3 1,897 Hosiery Mills . , 517 Woolen Mills 15 Silk Mills 1 10 29 43 87" 226 69 38 213 9 6 27 1 25 392 105 16 193 3 3 7 10 7 1 6 39 2 1 2 2 3 25 28 57 3 48 39' 3 16 4 41 Cordage and textile products Furniture _,. 369 826 Crates, barrels, etc. 1,252 Tobacco products Miscellaneous manufacturing Mercantile establishments— . Laundries 173 1,179 2,260 667 74 Restaurants, workshops, etc. Canneries 1,342 43 33 , 907 18.848 807 775 2,028 104 334 356 10,655 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 19 COMPLIANCE WITH ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM-JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30. 1944 Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Corrections Reported bt Industry Corrections ok Labor Laws and [!odes Industry Total Correc-tions Child Labor Hour Time Records Sanita-tion Seat First Aid Drink-ing Water Codes Cotton Mills 963 376 6 31 275 814 620 112 967 13,138 668 185 3,884 61 100 115 1 1 76 127 55 16 155 10,595 202 94 2,564 22 29 15 1 1 132 46 2 5 49 134 55 15 106 213 84 15 132 9 8 1 30 12 13 6 1 -- 16 23 26' 64 19 3 23 1 650 180 2 Silk Mills 1 2 4 2 .. 27 1 i" 2 10 17 14 1 24 13" 3 9 2 22 Cordage and textile products 3 21 26 59' 192 37 21 158 10 8 1 14 292 49 10 111 2 130 493 437 79 Miscellaneous manufacturing Mercantile establishments— . 580 1,756 263 39 Restaurants, workshops, etc. Canneries 886 15 Grand Total 22,100 14,123 571 491 997 50 137 200 5,531 CHILD LABOR The Division of Standards and Inspections is responsible for the enforcement of the Child Labor Law and the inspectors are always on the alert for violations either on the streets, in fac-tories or in stores and workshops. Under the general supervi-sion and direction of the Department of Labor the County Su-perintendents of Public Welfare issue all employment certifi-cates. When minors are found employed without employment certificates the employer and the minor are informed of the necessary forms to be executed and referred to the County Superintendent of Welfare for certification before further em-ployment is allowed. Where wilful violations of any provisions of the law occur appropriate legal action is taken to secure com-pliance. You will note there has been a considerable increase in the number of child labor violations over those shown for the pre-vious biennium. The major part of these violations were caused by failure to obtain employment certificates, failure to keep time records and failure to keep posted schedules showing the hours of work of the minors employed. There were a number of violations found where minors under eighteen years of age were working in establishments selling alcoholic beverages, but in most of these cases the employers were not aware that this type employment was prohibited. The report of the Statistical Division will show that the num-ber of employment certificates has more than doubled over the 20 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor past biennium. The main contributing factor to this is our labor shortage on account of the war which makes it necessarj^ for employers to use the services of minors in occupations classi-fied as nonessential and unskilled. I might add, however, that our compliances are considered normal in comparison with the rapid changes in personnel in practically all establishments as well as the confusion confronting us today and misinterpreta-tion of various regulations before receiving correct information from our inspectors. COMPLAINTS We have in the past two years received and investigated a total of 75 complaints alleging violations of the State Law and Codes such as excessive working hours for males, females and minors, insanitary and insufficient toilet facilities, or seats for female employees and complaints alleging unsafe or unhealthful working conditions. Complaint investigations are given priority where the allegations indicate a violation of any of the provi-sions of the Labor Law. If violations are found appropriate action is taken in each case to secure compliance. . The inspectors are frequently called upon by employers and employees for information and interpretations of the Law. There has been a decrease in the number of complaints (both anonymous and signed) received during this biennium largely due to the fact that we have made more routine inspections and working conditions generally are better than they have been in the past. Another contributing factor is that due to the scarcity of labor because of the war practically all persons who desire employment can secure it and many employers have better jobs to offer than ever before due to the increase in salaries. i.;-.,-^ •*/,., CONFERENCES Our inspectors keep in close touch with conditions and prob-lems which may affect employers, employees and the general public. Hence, they spend considerable time calling on public officials in every county and city. These officials are county superintendents of public welfare, mayors, sheriffs, managers of public employment offices, prosecuting attorneys, officials of labor organizations, secretaries of chambers of commerce, sec-retaries of merchants' associations, and other civic and com-munity leaders interested in the general welfare of the people. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 21 Many of these people are vitally interested in the improvement of working conditions in their communities and furnish our in-spectors with information which is of great assistance. * . A total of 1,279 such conferences were held by our inspectors during the biennial period. As we maintain headquarters with branch offices in each in-spection district employers and employees are able to contact the inspectors in their respective districts and many of them take advantage of this opportunity to secure information per-taining to both State and Federal Laws. •;^: :i PROSECUTIONS It is the policy of the Department to secure compliance with the provisions of the Child Labor Law and the Maximum Hour Law through cooperation rather than by resorting to legal ac-tion. However, where violations appear to have been wilful legal action is taken as provided by statute. Establishments are never prosecuted unless previous inspections have been made and the management informed of the provisions of the labor laws by one of our inspectors, i ; During the past two years 17 prosecutions have been insti-tuted to secure compliance with the laws. Sixteen of these were for violations of the State Child Labor Law and one prosecution was for violation of a section of the maximum hour law which prohibits the discharge of employees for testifying against an employer in a court action. In all of the cases except one convic-tions were secured. The establishment prosecuted for discharging employees is a retail store while the establishments prosecuted for child labor violations were a sundry shop, two variety stores, five bowling alleys, one cafe, one grocery store, one dry cleaning plant, two bakeries, one drug store, a fish and oyster house and an ice and fuel company. ; 's^: ;;- ; •; : > BUREAU OF ELEVATOR INSPECTION > During the biennial period the Bureau of Elevator Inspections has operated very successfully and we have received full co-operation from the manufacturers as well as from the owners and operators of elevators. It is vitally important that the lives of elevators be prolonged as far as possible especially for the duration of the existing emergency as there is such a great 22 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor demand for this type material. With this thought in mind our elevator inspector has made a special endeavor to inspect more often the elevators which were found to be most hazardous and has only condemned the elevators that were beyond repair. In all cases where we have recommended major repairs or replace-ment of elevators priorities have been awarded by the proper government agency. The services rendered by the Bureau of Elevator Inspections have helped prevent accidents by making recommendations for repairs on unsafe conditions found on inspection. Therefore, the hazard to the public has been lessened, resulting in fewer accidents. The following report of our activities for the past two years only includes the activities of our specialized elevator inspector and does not include minor recommendations and compliance obtained through the efforts of our general factory inspectors in connection with their routine inspections. Inspection of existing installations 1,232 Recommendations 739 Compliances 687 Approval of plans and permits granted for new elevator installations . 136 Inspection and test of new elevator installations and Certificates of Compliance issued 107 Inspections of major repairs to existing elevators 39 BUREAU OF BOILER INSPECTION The North Carolina Boiler Law was enacted to provide for the safety of life and the protection of property, and to provide rules and regulations for the safe construction, use and opera-tion of steam boilers in North Carolina. This law is strictly a safety measure and it keeps the loss of life and property damage from boiler explosions to a minimum. It is illegal to operate any steam boiler in excess of 15 pounds per square inch in North Carolina without a valid inspection certificate. These certificates are issued after a boiler has been inspected and any necessary repairs, required by law to insure reasonable safety, have been made. However, there are hundreds of boilers in the State today operating without legal certificates due to the fact that we do not have State Boiler Inspectors to make inspections of the uninsured boilers in the State. The two inspectors whom we had are both serving the Navy, and it has been impossible to replace these inspectors at the salary which Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 23 is set up in the State Law. Yet we have never been in greater need of boiler inspectors than at the present time due to the increasing power demands from industries engaged in war pro-duction, scarcity of essential materials, and the gradual inflow of non-code constructed boilers. With higher pressures and in-creased demands upon boilers operating at a maximum capacity greater hazards are created than would exist in normal times. Our policy in the past has been for the State Boiler Inspectors and the Insurance Boiler Inspectors to instruct owners in the safe care and operation of steam boilers which in numerous cases has prevented explosions. Insured boilers are regularly inspected and are usually kept in good condition. Many un-insured boilers are not in a safe condition because the shortage of inspectors, due to the lack of funds, prohibits the Bureau of Boiler Inspection from giving them the attention they should receive. . -'" ]''/,".: Considering the shortage of inspectors this Bureau has oper-ated successfully beyond our expectations. Owners and opera-tors of boilers throughout the State have been most cooperative in complying with the provisions of the Boiler Law and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Board of Boiler Rules. Five hundred new boilers have been added to our list of 6,466, bringing the total number of inspected boilers in the State to 6,966. Twelve of these boilers have been condemned during this biennium. 24 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor SCHEDULE OF FEES AS PROVIDED IN THE NORTH ; : . ,' ! m ::] CAROLINA STATE BOILER INSPECTION LAW: Special Inspections $20.00 per day Special Inspections 15.00 one-half day External Inspections (Boilers 30 inches in diameter and under) 3.00 each External Inspections (Boilers over 30 inches in diameter) 4.00 each Internal Inspections (Boilers 30 inches in diameter and under) 4.00 each Internal Inspections (Boilers over 30 inches in '" ' diameter) 6.00 each Certificates of Competency 1.00 each Certificates of Operation 1.00 each Following is a report of the Bureau of Boiler Inspection for the biennium 1942-44: , , NUMBER OF RECORDED BOILERS: Insured Boilers 5,343 Uninsured Boilers (not inspected) 1,623 Total 6,966 Amount REVENUE COLLECTED: Number Collected Special Inspections 1 $ 25.20 External Inspections 5 18.00 Internal Inspections 43 147.00 Certificate Fees, including fees licensed ; , inspectors 6,686 6,686.00 Total Amount Collected - $ 6,876.20 EXPENSE: Attending Board Meetings $ 32.43 Salary Principal-General Clerk 3,130.00 Salary Stenographer 2,050.00 War Bonus 540.00 Office Supplies and Printing 109.58 Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 391.10 General Expense, Bonding Employees 15.92 Office Equipment 7.19 Total Expense ....- $ 6,276.20 Appropriated $ 3,225.00 Collections 6,876.20 Total Income - _ $10,101.20 Less: Total Expense - - 6,276.20 Amount Reverted _.__. _ .$ 3,825.00 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 25 BUREAU OF MINES AND QUARRIES As mentioned in the previous biennial report North Carolina has been called upon to produce all the mica possible as well as various other strategic minerals found to exist in this State. There has been a great increase in the demand for mica from North Carolina mines as the majority of the mica produced in the United States is now being produced in a few counties in the western part of the State. Prior to the declaration of war the chief source of supply of mica was imported from India and Madagascar and since this supply has been curtailed due to shipping conditions North Carolina has produced more mica than any other state in the union. There is a continued effort being made to further increase mica production and the Federal Government has loaned its assistance by providing financial aid and the necessary mining equipment in order to stimulate mining activities. In addition to the development of mica mining there have been increased activities in other type mines such as copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, olivine, talc, coal and sand and gravel quarrying. Due to the increased demand for mica a considerable number of small operators have begun prospecting employing from three to ten persons and in many cases no safety precautions are taken in order to prevent accidents. The majority of these new mine operators are not aware of the requirement that we be notified in order that an inspection may be made before operations are begun although the provisions of the State Labor Law require that this Department be so notified. According to our records there are approximately 250 min-ing enterprises in the mica field in addition to other mine and quarry operations so it can be readily seen that our two mine inspectors have a big assignment—making inspections pertain-ing to safety and health of all mine and quarry operations. 26 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE I NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN NORTH CAROLINA MINES, QUARRIES AND PLANTS REGULARLY INSPECTED BY DIVISION OF STANDARD AND INSPECTIONS Tabulated According to Types of Industry Number of Establish-ments Inspected Number of Employees Industry Total Em-ployees White Colored Men Women Men Women Total all Mines and Quarries 585 6,542 4,387 795 1,357 3 Total Mines 527 4,186 3,206 786 191 3 Mines Mine Plants and Mills 485 42 2,821 1,365 2,686 520 33 753 102 89 3 46 1,997 996 8 993 42 4 1,888 109 900 96 5 3 983 Quarry Plants and Mills 10 12 359 185 1 173 ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM—JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944 Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Orders Noted Violations of Labor Laws and Codes Industry Total Viola-tions Child Labor Hour Time Records Toilet Seat First Aid Drink-ing Water Codes Mines, Quarries, Sand and Gravel Pits . - _ . _ 927 3 2 38 68 33 783 C. L. Violations shown on C. L. Sheet. CORRECTIONS REPORTED DURING THE BIENNIUM-JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944 Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Corrections Reported Corrections of Labor Laws and Codes Industry Total Correc-tions Child Labor Hour Time Records Toilet Seat First Aid Drink-ing Water Codes Mines, Quarries, Sand and Gravel Pits.. --- *1,192 4 2 49 75 44 1,018 C. L. Corrections shown on C. L. Sheet. Compliances exceed number of orders issued due to the number of compliance visits during this biennial period for violations previously reported. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 27 1 o M r^c<l cc U5 CO w S .3 o E- , •rt « 1 ^ i<M o 0^ a M.1S • " a c« Q-^ ,. ^-g-- m n C-l CO a o » Dd s ^ J •^C^ 1 to _^ I ^s< .- c ** o G-- >^ !<M o "w-a CD £< z 2 e- OOOOM < 1. O -H CO o o> ao M (N 1 « O •"g K u: < I-^ CD :C «—< CC t^ , T3 5g« ^ t^ 1- 1 « CO 'c C'o m cg-2H O P 3 o o aO-^^ > «-s IM ' (M J a o i ^1 hJ 3 o W ja ^ •^1-1 t^T-H lO oo 3lAg CO H-s^>''S cS " i 1 o: 1 ... ..- g ;^ j z 1^ is 1 ;§ a J < \-o . S u f C3 . s» o 1 =« ;i2 « ^ -" a *- ' «t^ S 1 !3 1 d §^1 t s B t: s^ u a a a a^ sis ^cya\ 28 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor -o c cS „ II OCDOiCCt^irt-^reOt^lftOSCON'-DOO b- t>. ~ ID 05CO(M CO CD c^ t5 S 3 .Cf i " 'I o 2; oT ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 1 1 ! ! ! ! ^ "^t^ ^ c ;;;;;;;;;;; ^- a-|-S|5 5 £oS ot» «2 ^ j» '^ -u s Ill a)Sfe cO ja 3 a" ^ ^ ; : : ; : i ; ; ; : : orSc^'^'- & s W ^1 ill Mill Jill i^ri^^l a^o a S£ S cj Q COQOCO'-tC^fMr^COOt^Ot^TrO— ' ^ t^ r^3i<riCi—'05000'0'^iCOOC^CSiO 00 c30(:o'-ooioi-H(:o»o»ctoiOTjiiOcoci -* <D OOO'—'C^lOOOOOOQOOOXSCOQOiOOiOO en co-<*HCC'COCoooa5cc.i----oc^t^t^c^j-<r -^ '^w>cz>ooi^ -^t' ^ .-Hco CO CO y3 li^ •* > O^ODO ^ 10 CO r* r^ Tt^ '(ji 10 c^' cm",—(' 1—Tc^'eo" '—*'" 00 ^ §^ dl G •— -t-3 >. 1 Igg fS^^gg C^JOOOOOCCOOOOOOOO 10 oocooiocMtc»-HOo»o-^coioaiOO ooo 00000 -*CSJC)-rt'OO.OOOOOt^C'laD»OI>-COO C COOOOO CO 05 ^ CO -rr QO CO r- »ci c^ CO cc 10 r* CD c oo^oo-* O-^'OiD'Tj'cOCOOTfiCOOiC'^iCCOCO O^CO CMC^ooc^j'^cricoccit^crj^ccoooco^-co c ^o<m" (M coo 00 00 OOCOO:*'-'O^OiO'.-i'-'COci'cO^'a^OO t^ oooor-'o'cM" Oi(MCMC»r-. -^^OiiJCOCVI coo nn 0-. coco 1-1.—It- CM--iiO^C-l lOi-H C^»— ' rrqcM ^(>,^ ^ 2 COOcDOOOi l-jDco--o^r-^Ci ^ CO CO ^ iiO -^ C5 1 CO »0 t- CO 00 CO CM '— ' 00 CO cocooococo 1 ri en ai 00 '^t^ 10 r- CO ^ oi O^rrOOCTi i»o»oo»ouoi:--o -* 00 ^ lOCO^'^t'^ 1 Oi CO .-< CD »0 ^ Oi h- "o " ^CJiCTiOiC lO^OMr-UOoicOO ^ 00 00 &I izouoiococo ilr-.l^aacocOCM'**^ t-- t-fSo - - co' TfCO^f^i.—i-*^ iCO'^u^'^Ou^CO ^ * OCDOCMCM > Cr. C-i :a iTi -^ r^ <Z) 1>- ^ • COC^COO^O: 11—|"^OOOCD—<00 t— ^ S <!, CM-^CMr— CO it^'£>oocji'^'^co CO CO Oi-H-fjiCMyD ;OiC^CM<:OCMiO b- Htl ^' CO CO -^ • ai c;' 00 ^' ^' r-' ^' — O t-COCD-rJH 1-. 21 -<Ji ^ CO CO CM Crs OS ca M Ch *» Oi 00 lit! CO t-- 1 t- CM CO -* 00 CO 00 CO cr: ^ O-^J^-^Oit^. 1 COCDCOO CiOit^ as tig. OOt^t-C^ < 1-1 CO CM <*< CO CM t^ •— ' 00 i-T CM ' CM COiOb-'^CO i^OcDOi^OSCO •<t< ^ en Tf CD Tt* CO 1 CO CO CO CTi t-^ r- oi 7 a UOCOI-CM 1 ^CO^^^O) CO ^-l 00 ^ ^ 00 E a -T3 a, 3 "2 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 29 ACCIDENT REPORTS OF MINE AND QUARRY OPERATIONS FOR THE CALENDAR YEARS 1942 AND 1943 Total Lost Time Not Compensable Lost Time Compensable Fatal Minor Mines... 206 509 82 75 39 98 173 18 5 3 ''8 Quarries Sand and Gravel 90 25 Total ..... . .. 797 357 289 8 143 CONCILIATION SERVICE DIVISION Frank Crane, Conciliator Herewith is the first Biennial Report of the Conciliation Service since established by the General Assembly in March 1941. The statistical information given in the following three tables shows the situations (controversies, threatened strikes, strikes) coming to the attention of the Conciliation Service and/or the United States Conciliation Service and industries affected, work-ers involved in all situations, work stoppages with workers involved and approximate number man-days lost during the fiscal years. Reciprocal relations of the fullest cooperation and collabora-tion with the United States Conciliation Service have continued and been integrated towards the minimization of delay and du-plication of mediation matters. This arrangement has enabled the expeditious handling of controversies and/'or proper chan-neling of issues of inter-agency nature and interest. Work stoppages during the period were ordinarily of from one to three days duration and did not directly or primarily delay production going into the war effort. The paramount issue in the majority of the situations and cessations was that of wages and/or piece rates and work loads relating thereto. In several strikes workers seeking wage increases or feeling that voluntary applications were inadequate and/or unnecessarily delayed by employer or War Labor Board dalliance, and at a loss as to procedure, spontaneously stopped work hoping to force action or focus attention on their problem. Several com-panies were confronted with recurring strikes as worker ex-pression of dissatisfaction with the delay of the War Labor 30 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor o z M C) O > W ?; S o >H H m < Q J z< Uz o <J ta z Q rJ Z >H <; m c> v wH ff! (^ CT> z '"' z oH z TT z H w ^ P3 -< (.'J o Z H « r"! t3 Z M S C) > « z o M H aNiif 12 CO '^ OS '^ ^ AVW 1 S - N»-i « - - qiHdv 2 .c^ « Im — " - «^ o,^ HVJM ^ - c^rq - "aaj 1 e:; - i ; ^- - NVf 1 s ::'" -« "oaa 1 2 - — ^ :^ «^ to i-^ ^ AON 1 g:3 - ^ - _w^ -^r-H "XOO g « - - rt IM . =oc. •Idas s CO « - 1 2^ M< •onv S -" - — O-H -WIM Ainr ^ 1 -^ - "-- aNnf O - --H - -HCO XYK » O. - C - lIHdV =D 2J - - •HVN o= :-" - CO - cq aai C5 ^ - - - -.CO OS •NVf - « rt U5 - oaa u. - - - - AON S ^ U5 - XOO - - i " CO- - xdas 2 - CO " " N co^ onv - - -oc ;- Ainf •»t< OS =^ - SHXNON nv •^ ooc^cc^icy5c^"^'*t^cc^oo"5i^'«i^ooc<iyD-<r iBQZ «3 H s QZ < if 1 c i > I- X c c -c c > c s c c 5 c "a cc b 1 J. 1 c > c cc E-cc J c E- 1 E-cc 1 c E^ c Bc E c ,l c U . e c CS 1 2 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 31 Board or Board decisions on controversial issues and wartime wage stabilization policy. The two months during the fiscal year 1943-44 indicating pyramiding of production loss involved a three week work stoppage in a textile plant over a complex work load-wage issue and eighteen work days were lost in a tobacco company over a union-shop issue. Both companies em-ploy between 2,000 and 2,500 employees and these two strikes represented over half of the total man-days lost during the fiscal year. TABLE II' NUMBER WORKERS INVOLVED IN STATE SITUATIONS COMING TO ATTENTION NORTH CAROLINA CONCILIATION SERVICE AND/OR UNITED STATES CONCILIATION SERVICE DURING BIENNIUM 1942-44 BY MONTH OF BEGINNING AND FISCAL YEAR MONTH 1942-43 1943-44 No. Workers Involved No. Workers Involved TOTAL . 132 87,723 242 121,959 July 14 11 13 7 11 5 11 9 9 16 6 20 3,972 6,735 2,235 25,907 5,488 1,014 6,120 2,579 7,224 9,707 974 15,768 14 24 25 26 22 19 19 17 24 18 19 15 3,602 August . .. - - 9,660 18,481 October . 21,165 16,952 2,633 January . 9,705 8,159 17,074 April _ .- - ... 5,963 3,896 June 4,669 •Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; United States Conciliation Service; North Caro-lina Conciliation Service and unpublished data. TABLE III* STRIKES IN NORTH CAROLINA DURING BIENNIUM 1942-44 BY MONTH OF BEGINNING AND FISCAL YEAR 1942-43 1943-44 MONTH .... . , No. Workers Involved Man-Days Idle (All Strikes) No. Workers Involved Man-Days Idle (All Strikes) TOTAL 48 12,575 59,004 59 16,980 113,347 July .August. .. 9 2 3 1 1 2,081 322 249 45 350 8,801 344 1,087 90 2,100 350 8,082 381 1,145 105 16,758 19,761 6 8 3 4 2 2 5 8 5 6 5 5 2,370 2.227 244 3,953 146 103 588 4,768 350 892 960 379 7,364 6,838 September October November 742 41,551 486 155 January _ . February March 4 3 2 3 9 11 1,497 349 125 37 1,826 5,634 1,330 9,042 37,751 April 2,157 May . 5,354 June _ ... 577 •Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; United States Conciliation Service; North Carolina Conciliation Service and unpublished data. 32 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND PUBLICATIONS The Division of Statistics of the Department of Labor is charged with the responsibility of collecting, assorting, sys-tematizing and printing all statistical details relating to all di-visions of Labor in North Carolina and particularly concerning the following: The number of persons employed and the sex thereof ; the hours of labor and the average wages earned ; and the general fluctuation in employment and pay rolls of the in-dustries of the State. The Division of Statistics consists of the following personnel : One Senior Statistician, two Senior Statistical Clerks, one Key- Punch Operator and one Junior Stenographer. The Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, through a coopera-tive agreement, furnishes the Division with one Statistical Clerk to assist in the collection and compilation of pay roll and em-ployment data which are used by both the Federal and the State Departments. During the biennium the Division has grown from two clerks to its present size. International Business Machine equipment is now being utilized to record on punch cards all employment and pay roll, building, and child labor data. In addition punched cards are used to record data from inspections made by inspec-tors of the Division of Standards and Inspections. At the pres-ent time all tabulations for the Division are prepared by the Tabulating Section, Statistical Division, Unemployment Com-pensation Commission. It is hoped that the Department of Labor may soon acquire its own tabulating equipment. Indica-tion of the growth that has taken place in each of the Division's fields of endeavor is given in the following paragraphs. Child Labor: All permits for employment of minors are re-viewed by the Division. Monthly reports are tabulated accord-ing to county, age, sex, industry, occupation, evidence of age and last grade completed in school. In addition to the county breakdowns, there are five city areas tabulated in the same manner. Building Construction: A monthly survey of building con-struction is made for 63 towns in North Carolina with a popu-lation over 2,500. In return for furnishing this information to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, the Division is given the franking privilege for collecting these data. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 33 Bulletin: In April, 1944, this Division took over the publica-tion of the ni;onthly bulletin, North Carolina Labor and Industry. This publication contains reports and tables of the data collected by the Department of Labor, and news of interest to the man-agement and the workers in North Carolina industries. Emploijment and Pay Rolls: The North Carolina Consoli-dated Statute 7310, Sections (d) and (e), gives the Department of Labor the authority to collect the actual employment, pay roll and man-hours from North Carolina firms. This information covers at the present time some 1,800 representative manufac-turing and non-manufacturing industries. The North Carolina Department works in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, in the collection and compilation of these data. Inspections: Monthly records of number of plants, number of employees, sex and color, and number of minors, made by the inspectors of the State Department are kept and tabulated in the Division. ^ Listing: During the Biennium the Division has compiled a list of manufacturing firms located in North Carolina. This list-ing is made both by industry by county and by industry without regard to county. The approximate employment and the ad-dress of firm is indicated. STATISTICAL AIMS The Division is now engaged in the preparation of estimates ^ of total manufacturing employment in North Carolina and esti-mates of total manufacturing pay rolls. It is hoped that these figures may soon be released monthly in the Department publi-cation replacing the present method of reporting only those firms included in our sample. The Division further contemplates the early compilation of data relating to cost of living in North Carolina. Present sur-veys being made by agencies of the Federal Government are inadequate to reflect the complete picture in North Carolina. CHILD LABOR IN NORTH CAROLINA NUMBER OF CERTIFICATES ISSUED ^ The following tables give the number of employment cer-tificates issued to minors 12-17 years of age during the biennial 34 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor period, from July 1, 1942, through June 30, 1944. The tabula-tions are according to sex and age. Minors under 16 years of age may not be employed except during vacation and outside school hours during the school term. The only employment al-lowed for minors 12 and 13 years of age is the sale and distri-bution of newspapers, periodicals and magazines by boys only. A total of 111, 948 certificates were issued to minors 12-17 years of age during the biennial period. Of this number, 72,509 entered full-time employment and 38,542 entered part-time or vacation employment. There were 897 certificates issued for newsboys, 12 and 13 years of age. Table Number I shows the total number of minors tabulated according to kind of certificate issued, age and sex, entering both regular and part-time employ-ment in North Carolina. TABLE I '- TOTAL ALL CERTIFICATES FOR MINORS 12-17, INCLUSIVE .'';' '' IssT'ED FROM July 1, 1942 — June 30, 1944 . . . Total Boys Girls 1942 22,683 57,405 31,860 12,255 35,526 21,238 10,428 1943. _.. 21,879 1944 10,622 Grand Total 111,948 69,019 42,929 TOTAL ALL CERTIFICATES ISSUED FOR MINORS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE JuLT 1, 1942—June 30, 1944 Total First Regular Reissued Regular Vacation and Part-Time Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls 1942 1943 1944 17,968 45,859 25,488 6,433 18,236 8,737 3,645 9,763 4,642 1,677 7,407 5,554 691 3,445 2,279 1,743 3,555 2,685 3,779 3,453 1,591 TOTAL ALL CERTIFICATES ISSUED FOR MINORS 14 AND 15 YEARS OF AGE July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944 . Total Boys Girls 1942. 4,445 11,107 6,184 2,132 5,889 4,074 2,313 1943 5,218 1944...- 2,110 TOTAL ALL CERTIFICATES ISSUED FOR NEWSBOYS 12-13 YEARS OF AGE' July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944 Total Boys 1942 270 439 188 270 1943 439 1944 . 188 *The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and periodicals, No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 35 Iv>>. INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN CERTIFIED FOR EMPLOYMENT In Table II is found a breakdown under three divisions of the industries employing minors during the biennial : namely, con-struction, manufacturing and nonmanufacturing. Nonmanu-facturing includes wholesale and retail trade ; agriculture, fores-try and fishing ; transportation, communication and other public utilities ; personal, business and recreational services ; and other industries. The table shows that of the 89,315 minors 16 and 17 years of age entering industry either for full-time or for part-time employment, 1,334 entered construction work, 56,662 en-tered manufacturing industries, and 31,319 entered nonmanu-facturing industries, TABLE II V INDUSTRY EMPLOYING MINORS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE ', /.'' ;• July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944 First Reoular Certificates Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total 51,456 10,078 6,433 3,645 27,999 18,236 9,763 13,379 8,737 4,642 Construction. _ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 983 37,663 12,810 72 7,227 2,779 69 5,381 983 3 1,846 1,796 446 20,914 6,639 431 14,435 3,370 15 6,479 3,269 465 9,522 3,392 461 6,243 2,033 4 3,279 1,359 Reissued Regular Certificates Grand Total 1942 1943 Total Construction Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 21,053 2,368 214 15,086 5,753 23 1,622 723 10,852 83 7,906 2,863 7,833 108 5,558 2,167 Vacation and Part-Time Certificates Grand Total 1942 1943 Total Construction Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 16,806 137 3,913 12,756 5,522 29 381 5,112 7,008 72 1,745 5,191 4,276 36 1,787 2,453 36 Biennial Report of the Department op Labor LAST GRADE COMPLETED BY MINORS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE Table III shows the grade completed by minors 16 and 17 years of age, entering full-time employment for the first time. Of the 51,456 receiving first regular employment certificates, 1,993 completed the 12th or higher grade, 19,167 the 9th, 10th or 11th grade, 7,198 the 8th grade, 8,488 the 7th grade and 14,610 the 6th or lower grade. :.;i (JA H'.;;u-.;rr! u S ^;,v;:r^ . table ill --'^ '^'! LAST GRADE COMPLETED BY MINORS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE '' First Regular i':.h.'':. bjAiyiU:} •;: ' jult i, 1942—June 30, i944 ; > ' ^T' -'K):;?. ry\'^'}j Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total 51,456 10,078 27,999 13,379 6th or lower -_ 7th - 14,610 8,488 7,198 19,167 1,993 2,694 1,747 1.364 4,062 211 8,283 4,725 3,982 9,985 1,024 3,633 2,016 8th __ 1,852 9, 10, 11th 12th or higher 5,120 758 NUMBER OF CERTIFICATES ISSUED IN EACH COUNTY IN NORTH CAROLINA Tabulated according to kind of certificate, age and sex, Table IV gives the number of certificates issued in each County in North Carolina. The Superintendents of Public Welfare, who are the authorized certificating officials, have the responsibility of issuing the employment certificates. - ,•;.; Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 37 S5 i OS ...o. «: o M f_ J ' m ..SI •E-<- m o iC C^ ' I 00 ' '00 ^ T}* ^H —< -^ iC Ol x> OO Oi (M t- -- -^ t^ 00 00 CO O -^ "^ CO ' t^ OO t^ 00 o ooc^J co^-H t- c^3 «tf" — c^ao ^' CO uTi I-" rO'^ (M lO c^ c^i « c^ oa ^ CO00iOiOiOC^C0I^t^iC»O 300CO^^t>-COOOCOXir*'-'iOCOW5 h« as ic 1—« t-i cq *—«t^oco O "«*< t^ MiiOt . CO ^ ^^ OO iO ^ I CO 1— \in Oi tn to CO i OO --0 '-H c^ -* 00 -^ o — r ic -^ ^o '—1 1^ ( 5 ^ o .^ ,^^ ^^ i-i 02 r^ a* O-J .^ L>^.-J!^?aCQCOSI3S?3 dnnj 1.S J= O t. Ill 38 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 02 H r* (Mt~>. ccco r^ioc^Tt^^c-^ioos—",—too lO 1—« (M CO T-f Th CQ CO lO ,-1 ^H r i-H I CO fO ' I --< O -^ CO CO I O O >— I ^or-oocn-<**-HOo:oc£5 iO:oeOC^<MOCDCO— ( r^ CO t^ CO *o ^ i-H ^CO-«fOOO*«000'' ^C<I000005COOS^-"r-<^HtOU50i^HCOt^ ^lOCOCOOSCO^^ kTi 1—I C<1 Tp lO CQ 1-H 1—( 1— < CO lO "^ CO ^H CS 00 UO T-< I-—'coor-'Tp'MO OSl^-QOCOOOiCOOUti TpiMi-HCOOO^-ilMCO OO T-< O "Tf -^ O (N CO C^ O to t^ t-^ M Tt^ tOCM <M iC OO li -H 00 ^ (M X) CO f (>) t^ CO h- CO CM 3CO i^ CO T-i siooii—looslr5F-lc^Ju^^^*»o OiC'—"OOOWSOOOt— ^'-HOOtMOiClOOiCO'-'OOlMOOOOO 05 00 t-^ CM ^ ^ ^ »o O OOt J Tt^ t^ CO OS CM 1—I ; m ^ Tf CM OcOcO^HiOt^ift'-^'^Oit S m lO r-1 O O lO . CO Wti 05 C . t-» T—1 CM UOi—I O ^*" C<i iO 'tJ' '—' Oi c (cot'-r— t>.cocoooot-co"T^coi-H 00 CM CO OS t^ >—I 1—I CO t-* 00 CD t>- »-t i-< 1-H CM ^ Oi cOCOt^OOiOOOOOi QOCM'-'iJOiCCOCOO lOOOOOcOCOOSCO' ^t^iCt/3OC0C00ii-HOC 5> a-S rt « 3 3 QQPQ = §2 vJ^ c 9 a 5^^ Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 39 CO CO Oi ' ^— • ' C^ "^ I CC C^ M I >—" ' OO 00 ^^ r^u^ ^ t^ -ij"^ ic C^COOt-'—'^tO'-C"' • iC i—• CO t— »/5 t • :C OC' CO '—''—' C^J lO < ; o ^. QO oo o ^ '-'050000'—'t.-i^^^H.^t^tocoiO'—'t^c:<r^ioc CI (^J O lO t-- < '—'lOOi t~-CiTf*<:DiOOiC 1 ^ ^ ^ cr. '-0 » ^ CO Ci 00 — H O I— Ol t-- 00 »—i^ict-- corC'—'^ ) iC -^ '^ C^ O: QO tM '— i-« t^ r cot^-^ .-HtooO'—CO'—<--coo;D «—•COOi'—'O ii—it^O:OCO~. ioooic-<rccc^^' d oo a; c^ CO cs u^ Tp b- c^ r- 1—I d oOlOc^;c^^^^co^-3>"^T C^ OO Ol 1—1 !>. uO !>• iCCOO'^iCCOrO— Q0cCTr'-it^iC00LCOf:C'^C0Ouj=CC0'-'Cslcr:"^-Va:C:t--"^CiC0O;Di— Oi cocooo'-;;; coiC"—'O— -c-^^--^^jioooco'-oco^o^-^i'—'"M oocoC'ii—' ^n-f^T— ^ Gooooc^coasc^^cxi'—11—icsoO'-tooc^'—ii>.ioco'M'—'coc^^cM-^i—'* -^c^Tr»c 1—' 1— I (M »r2-^iM;7ioo; 3^^ ^.^1^ « (MOI-H 'OCOai^OLOOOOOC^TT'^iOCO'^rpXJt^Tf'^OiO "j:? _ iiOtMOO C^M*—'t^ :OiO CSOOOICOCJ^C'—i-rt^co - - -_ ,____ , .. ��COtO->f'—"t^'^C^i—'C^O-^-^OOC '^.;:3coc:i;o—io—ooo.o^c^Tr-^iOcO"^rpx;t^T.f_'^_O_iO"j:?-X)^Occoocso'-oooO'--ico-^-^co'—iL --'C^ ^OOeO'—'C^'-iOOQO So. ^^"^°=iM a S £ S.-S^ 3-H q o q 3 S ^1 oS ~ o I'd t i S 40 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor CERTIFICATES ISSUED IN FIVE CITY AREAS OF NORTH CAROLINA In Table V are found the number of certificates, kind, age, sex and industry employing minors 16 and 17 years of age in North Carolina city areas : Asheville, Charlotte, Durham, Greensboro and Winston-Salem. Included also are the number of certificates issued minors 14 and 15 years of age, and news-boys 12 and 13 years of age for these cities. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 41 TABLE V EMPLOYMENT OF MINORS IN ASHEVILLE, CHARLOTTE, DURHAM, GREENSBORO AND WINSTON-SALEM JuLT 1, 1942—June 30, 1944 ASHEVILLE Total All Certificates fob Minors 12-17 Years or Age Total Boys Girls Grand Total _.. 2,230 1,355 875 1942 1943 _ 1944.. 490 1,056 684 225 626 504 265 430 180 Total All Certificates Issued FOR Minors 16-17 Years of Age Total First Regular Reissued Regular Vac<.tion and Part-Time Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls 1942 _ 322 709 504 70 253 177 89 158 76 11 54 94 16 33 21 39 77 84 97 1943 134 1944 52 Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age Total Boys Girls 1942. 1943 1944 165 320 168 102 215 137 63 105 31 Total All Certificates Issued for Newsbotb 12-13 Years of Age* Total Boys 1942 3 27 12 3 27 12 1943 1944... Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age First Regular Grahd Total 1942 1943 1944 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Total . . 823 70 . 89 253 158 177 76 Construction 6 363 454 1 130 122 1 63 94 4 108 65 Manufacturing Nomnanufacturing 13 57 12 77 37 39 Reissued Rbqvlar Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total 229 27 87 115 Construction 3 101 125 2 Manufacturing 4 62 Nonmanufacturing 23 50 52 Vacation and Part-Time Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total. 483 136 211 136 Construction Manufacturing iK 1 Nonmanufacturing. 4^ 135 1 202 100 *The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals. No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age. 42 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE V—Continued CHARLOTTE Total All Certificates for Minors 12-17 Years of Age Total Boys Girls 6,029 3,626 2,403 1942 _ 1943___ _.__- 1944 1,217 3,243 1,569 619 1,989 1,018 598 1 ,254 551 Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 16-17 Years of Age Total First Regular Reissued Regular Vacation and Part-Time Boys Girls- Boys Girls Boys- Girls 1942 883 2,526 1,198 165 512 200 138 330 148 110 486 262 29 210 83 143 .539 306 298 1943 449 1944 _ . - 199 Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age Total Boys Girls 1942 . .__i.- 1943 268 707 371 135 442 250 133 ?65 1944 121 Total All Certificates Issued for Newsboys 12-13 Years of Age* Total Boys 1942 " " 66 10 fifi 1943 - . 10 1944 - ----- Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age Grand Totaj First Regular 1942 Boys Girls 1943 Boys Girls 1944 Boys Girls Total- Construction Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing- 1,493 2 891 600 370 142 184 146 - 1 119 Reissued Regular Grand Total 1943 Total. Construction Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing- 1,180 3 654 523 1 418 277 168 177 TotaL Construction Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing- Vacation and Part-Time -Grand-Total 1,934- 3 460 1,471 1942 441 1 37 403 1943 1 251 736 595 1 172 332 •The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals. No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 43 TABLE V—Continued DURHAM Total All Certificates for Minors 12-17 Years of Aqe Total Boys Girls 3,580 2,275 1,305 1942 --- 637 1,582 1,361 345 975 955 292 1943 - 60V 1944 _ - 406 Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 16-17 Years of Age 1942— 1943___ 1944-__ Total 373 937 First Regular Boys 37 236 244 Girls 18 102 Reissued Regular Boys 28 136 195 Gir:s Vacation and Part-Time Boys 116 202 164 Girls 163 209 125 Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age Total Boys Girls 1942 231 578 453 131 334 305 100 1943 . 244 1944 . 148 Total All Certificates Issued for Newsboys 12-13 Years of Age* Total Boys 1942 33 67 47 33 1943 - 67 1944 . 47 Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age First Regular Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Total 725 37 18 236 102 244 88 3 315 407 1 8 28 2 107 127 MaDufacturing- Nonmanufacturing. 2 16 33 69 149 95 16 72 Reissued Regular Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total - --- 467 39 188 240 1 198 268 1 84 103 Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing. 6 33 108 132 Vacation and Part-Time Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total 979 279 411 289 Construction Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 10 137 832 6 5 268 2 92 317 2 40 247 •The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals. No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age. 44 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE V—Continued GREENSBORO Total All Certificates for Minors 12-17 Years of Age Total Boys Giris Grand Total 6.172 3,.576 2,596 1942 1,280 3,538 1,354 679 2.100 797 601 1943 1944 1,438 557 Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 16-17 Years of Age Total First Regular Reissued Regular Vacation and Part-Time Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Boys 1942 1,101 2,919 1.045 437 1,079 410 305 714 264 112 535 108 83 312 95 53 110 95 111 1943 - 169 1944 73 Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age Total Boys Girls 1942 --- 168 572 291 66 302 166 102 1943 270 1944 - 125 Total All Certificates Issued for Newsboys 12-13 Years of Age* Total Boys 1942 .- -- 11 47 18 11 1943 47 1944 18 Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age First Regular Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Total 3,209 437 305 1,079 714 410 264 7 2,060 1,142 2 374 61 5 277 128 131 174 764 315 376 338 138 Nonmanufacturing 126 Reissued Regular Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total --- 1,245 195 847 203 Construction Manufacturing _ Nonmanufacturing 1 2 747 496 iie' 79 1 528 318 1 103 99 Vacation and Part-Time Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total - 611 164 279 .168 Construction - Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 1 116 494 1 12 152 63 216 .41 126 The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals. No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age. • • Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 45 TABLE V—Continued WINSTON-SALEM Total All Certificates for Minors 12-17 Ye\rs of Age Total Boys Girls 6,769 3,974 2,795 1942 - 1,350 3,364 2,055 730 1,879 1.365 620 1943 ---- .----- 1,485 1944 - 690 Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 16-17 Years of Age Total First Regular Reissued Regular Vacation and Part-Time Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls 1942 1,087 2,546 1,495 328 740 329 189 534 193 108 441 376 43 319 157 128 245 295 291 1943 - 267 1944 . - 145 Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age Total Boys Girls 1942 1943 1944 262 812 560 165 447 365 97 365 195 Total All Certificates Issued For Newsboys 12-13 Years of Age' Total Boys 1942 1 6 1 1943 - 6 1944 Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age First Regular Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girs Total _ 2,313 328 189 740 534 329 193 2 1,401 910 2 193 133 48 141 521 219 283 251 217 112 139 Nonmanufacturing 54 Reissued Regular Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total 1,444 151 760 533 Construction Manufacturing 3 826 615 ... 84 1 408 351 2 351 Nonmanufacturing-. 180 Vacation and Part-Time Grand Total 1942 1943 1944 Total ... . 1,371 419 512 440 Construction Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 4 334 1,033 1 19 399 1 131 380 2 184 254 *The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals. No girls are aUowed employment under 14 years of age. 46 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 47 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA July 1942-June 1944 From 26 principal cities throughout the State, reports re-ceived by the Department of Labor show that a total of $10,194,- 095 was spent on building construction in the past biennial period. This is a decrease of 74.7 per cent from the previous biennium, which reflects the curtailment of building due to the war. The report shows that $3,223,054 was spent for residential building; $3,155,743 for non-residential building; and $3,715,298 for additions, alterations and repairs. 9,642 permits were issued during the biennial period. The tables which follow give a detailed report of construction in the 26 North Carolina cities having a population over 10,000. In Table I are the figures for the estimated cost of building construction, number of permits issued for private construction, and number of families provided for. Table II gives the type of building construction reported. In Table III is a comparison of building construction work for the July 1940-June 1942 period and the July 1942-June 1944 period. TABLE I Private-|- Residential Non- Residential Cost Additions Alterations and Repairs Cost Number Cost Cost Number of Families Provided for Total Total 947 $ 2,477,458 $ 3,223,054 1,217 $ 3,155,743 1 3,715,298 $ 10,094,095 Asheville Bur ington 13 33 17 5 259 113 192 12 181 13 2 11,275 156,300 39,825 1,775 865.025 391,115 193,996 19,200 662,495 9,429 3,250 11,325 276,300 39,825 1,775 1,121,421 391,115 194,396 169,200 876,995 9,429 3,250 13 99 17 6 335 113 194 72 232 13 4 88,982 9,400 302,852 9,6.50 44,835 209,795 71,051 15,200 213,142 44.074 17,100 6,315 81,922 59,880 13,145 123,680 347,751 3,780 102,525 78,970 6,778 5,500 835 1,004,148 32,245 262,188 188,745 1,150 371,353 37,586 196,596 19,615 180,426 51,730 38.505 235,248 7,488 44,370 432,279 89,890 46,195 76.315 127,390 10,515 25,205 103,409 22,459 1,800 12,385 528,705 33.003 832,936 289,052 286,850 714,030 Concord Durham Elizabeth City Fayetteville Gastonia 49,011 1,362,852 620,525 445,873 236,130 Goldsboro Greensboro GreenviUe 1,128,642 288,751 27,838 50,685 High Point Kinston 6 16 3 7 14 2,200 8,650 4,400 13,000 2,875 2,200 8,650 4,400 13,000 5,125 6 16 3 7 24 516,401 158,420 Lexington New Bern Raleigh 63,740 212,995 480,266 14,295 Rocky Mount Salisbury Shelby 5 4 5,700 1,148 5,700 1,148 5 4 133,430 183,527 29,237 Statesville 2 1,800 1,800 2 9,100 13,220 Wilmington Wilsoh Winston-Salem 41 6 3 77,000 1,900 5,100 79,000 1,900 5,100 42 6 4 1,611,853 67,148 1,100,224 -fOne-Family Dwellings ;Totals Included in New Residential Buildings. 48 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor •?;> ;".:UJ'f' ;5/,'?'^i:'^f 'T TABLEII '' n:-P'-:y< v > V'-ri-iX^^i Type of Building Construction Reported July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944, in the North Carolina Cities, With Population Over 10,000 Residential Buildings: One-family dwellings __. Two-family dwellings _._ One-family and two-family dwellings with stores or shops therewith Multi-family (three or more families) dwellings Other nonhousekeeping dwellings Total _ Non-Residential Buildings: Amusement and recreation places Churches Factories, bakeries, ice plants, laundries, and other workshops Garages, public Garages, private (when separate from dwelling) Gasoline and service stations Institutions Office buildings, including banks Public works and utilities Schools Sheds, poultry houses, contractors' temporary offices, etc. Stables and barns Stores and other mercantile buildings All other nonresidential Total Additions, Alterations, and Repairs: On Residential Buildings: Housekeeping dwellings^ Nonhousekeeping dweLings On nonresidential buildings ^ Total No. Cost 893 $ 2,201,708 54 275,750 3 2,400 46 638,146 2 105,050 998 $ 3,223,054 16 $ 118,021 40 130,670 81 766,865 42 37,282 363 60,476 3 1,100 11 660,901 28 219,817 17 565,911 3 60,490 199 27,597 34 9,686 196 439,785 91 67,142 1,124 $ 3,155,743 5,384 $ 1,521,837 420 223,090 1,716 1,970,371 7,520 1 3,715,298 TABLE III SUMMARY OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WORK IN 21 IDENTICAL CITIES July 1940—June 1942 July 1942—June 1944 Number of Buildings Estimated Cost Kind of Construction 1940-1942 1942-1944 Percentage Change 1940-1942 1942-1944 Percentage Change Total __. 16,435 9,642 —41.3 $43,241,124 $10,094,095 —74.7 Residential buildings 6,561 1,926 7,948 998 1,124 7,520 —84.8 —41.6 —5.4 24,346,689 11,985,582 6,908,853 3,223,954 3,155,743 3,715,298 —86.8 Non-residential buildings Additions, alterations, and repairs -73.7 —46.2 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 49 employment and pay rolls Figures on employment, hours and pay rolls, compiled from a representative sample of manufacturing and nonmanufactur-ing firms in North Carolina, are listed on the following pages. These figures are based, for the most part, on data published monthly in our bulletin. North Carolina Labor and Industry. In Table I are the estimates of total nonagricultural employ-ment combined for the State of North Carolina, the South At-lantic States, and the United States, by months for the two-year period, July 1942-June 1944. Table II shows the number of firms reporting, number of employees, average weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings in the sample for all manu-facturing for North Carolina by months. Tables III through XVIII show the number of firms report-ing, number of employees, average weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings for these principal manufacturing industries in North Carolina: Brick, Tile and Terra Cotta; Cotton Goods; Cottonseed Oil; Dyeing and Finishing; Fertilizer; Furniture; Full-Fashioned Hosiery; Seamless Hosiery ; Flat Knit Goods ; Lumber ; Paper Box ; Print-ing and Publishing; Pulp Mills; Rayon Goods; Tobacco Prod-ucts; and Woolen Mills. Table XIX gives the number of firms reporting, number of employees, average weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings in the sample for all non-manufacturing for North Carolina by months. m Biennial Report of the Department of Labor < ; : TABLE I /^ : ; ESTIMATES OF NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN NONAGRICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENTS (To Nearest Thousand) -..': " . . United States, South Atlantic States AND North Carolina - '" . . ' By Months . . : , July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* All Industry Division Manufacturing South South United Atlantic North United Atlantic North States States Carolina States States Carolina 1942: July 38,760 4,632 721 15,143 1,609 377 August 39,386 4,754 751 15,519 1,644 378 September __ -- 39,653 4,802 755 15,800 1,662 376 October _ _ __- 39,900 4,831 760 15,956 1.658 379 November. . _ . _ _ _. 39,952 4,856 761 16,128 1,672 385 40.475 4,916 755 16.415 1,687 387 1943: January _ _ _ _. . 39,364 4,804 737 16,423 1,685 390 February . . 39.344 4,798 739 16,599 1,700 392 39,551 39,724 4.835 4,836 742 739 16,747 16,774 1,707 1,702 394 April _ ..-. . - _ ___ 393 May ___ ..___- 39,674 4,801 731 16,753 1,698 389 June -- -- - - 39,859 4,774 724 16,908 1,698 387 July 39,921 4 , 739 721 17,059 1,712 386 August 39,860 4,733 743 17,182 1,726 384 September _ ._ . _ 39,678 4,7.35 742 17,136 1,723 379 October - 39,718 4,724 744 17,194 1,719 382 November .. _ _.- 39,847 4,736 739 17,238 1,726 384 40,197 4,778 744 17,080 1,725 382 1944: January .---.----_ 38,965 4,640' 714 16,825 1,701 378 February 38,840 4,632 711 16,735 1,692 376 38,748 38,689 38,684 4,623 4,601 4.581 704 701 699 16,582 16,309 16,128 1,673 1,644 1,629 370 April 368 May _ - _ 366 June 38,743 4,563 696 16,087 1,622 366 Source: United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. South Atlantic States include: Delaware, Maryland, D. C, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro-lina, Georgia and Florida. •Excludes: Proprietors, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic servants, Military and Maritime Per-sonnel, Work Projects Administration and National Youth Adnjinistration Project Workers, and Civilian Conserva-tion Corps Enrollees. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 51 TABLE II NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS, IN ALL MANUFACTURING, NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July August September October.-. November. December. 1943: January February- March April May June July . August September. October.- - November. December. 1944: January __ February.. March April May June 662 733 729 771 862 724 871 936 919 988 980 982 971 1,022 1,017 1,036 1,023 1,035 1,079 1,083 1,078 1,100 1,084 1,118 122,657 149,504 190,191 177,903 211,360 167,628 216,160 223,651 225,442 232,099 231,355 229,288 226,729 251,354 249,224 258,849 260,969 253,460 264.999 261,892 252,684 258,049 251,217 257,718 20.22 22.08 24.44 22.47 22.89 22.98 22.92 23.09' 23.41 23.56 23.93 23.66 23.82 25.94 26.38 26.63 26.74 26.63 26.07 26.81 27.51 27.84 28.20 28.61 39.3 39.8 39.6 40.6 40.0 40.2 39.9 40.2 40.4 40.6 40.9 40.4 39.8 40.4 40.4 41.2 41.3 41.3 40.0 40.8 41.2 40.1 41.0 41.7 51.4 55.3 61.7 55.3 57.1 57.1 57.3 57.3 57.9 57.9 58.5 58.5 59.7 64.0 65.2 64.4 64.6 64.4 65.1 65.6 66.7 69.3 68.8 68.7 *Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data. 52 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE III NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN BRICK, TILE AND TERRA GOTTA INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July August 8 10 9 9 8 8 9 11 12 10 11 11 9 10 11 13 12 13 13 12 12 12 13 13 671 736 571 312 521 524 599 604 605 610 613 593 536 566 552 648 639 675 635 581 592 600 581 600 1 15.89 16.22 14.69 13.05 16.98 16.45 17.51 17.69 19.45 19.25 19.59 19.63 17.37 18.76 20.27 20.72 20.15 18.71 17.21 18.49 20.86 19.81 22.47 22.35 38.3 39.2 35.5 31.1 37.6 36.4 37.2 37.5 39.9 39.6 42.0 40.5 36.0 39.2 40.3 42.2 41.0 39.1 37.2 37.9 41.4 38.9 42.8 42.9 41.4 41.3 41.3 October , November - - 41.9 45.0 December. 1943: January ^ 45.1 47.0 47.0 March 1 _ . April 48.6 48.6 46.5 June July . 48.3 48.2 47.7 September 50.1 October November . _ December. 1944: January 49.0 49.0 47.8 46.1 48.7 March April 50.3 50.8 52.5 June _- .. . 52.1 *Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data.- Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 53 TABLE IV NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING. NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS. AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK. AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN COTTON GOODS INDUSTRIES. NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month 1942: July August September October November December 1943: January February March April May June July August September . October.- _ November December 1944: January February . March. _. . April May June Firms 178 205 210 228 279 231 275 284 276 299 292 287 285 294 295 302 299 292 293 303 301 301 301 308 Employees 57,743 69,686 90.838 96,153 116,923 98,585 120.159 119.478 120,009 122.574 120,195 119,451 116,988 118,310 117,771 120,606 121,106 119,419 116,287 118,045 115,524 114,404 113,097 113,765 Average Weekly Earnings 19.73 20.87 21.03 21.54 21.89 22.14 22.53 22.72 22.85 22.99 23.41 23.04 22.91 22.28 23.01 23.13 23.35 23.57 23.06 23.49 24.03 24.71 24.82 26.20 Average Hours Per Week 39.5 40.0 38.3 40.6 39.6 39.8 40.0 40.5 40.5 40.8 41.3 40.6 39.9 39.5 40.0 40.6 40.8 41.0 40.1 40.8 41.0 40.1 40.4 41.8 Average Hourly Earnings 49.8 52.0 54.8 52.9 55.2 55.6 56.3 56.0 56.3 56.3 56.5 56.6 57.2 56.2 57.5 56.8 57.1 57.3 57.4 57.5 58.5 61.5 61.5 62.6 'Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data. 54 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE V NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN COTTONSEED—OIL INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July 7 10 6 6 .7 10 8 7 8 9 9 9 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 91 255 263 315 378 550 352 310 364 371 294 206 308 262 530 701 648 593 749 721 648 562 450 353 S 14.30 17.05 19.13 20.39 19.44 19.55 18.92 19.96 18.44 20.67 20.96 19.00 20.95 21.27 22.06 22.26 22.47 22.92 20.27 21.42 21.08 21.12 23.34 22.97 39.2 42.2 53.3 53.3 53.6 50.7 49.2 50.1 45.0 49.4 48.4 43.2 43.7 44.1 50.2 50.7 50.1 50.9 44.6 46.0 44.9 44.1 45.9 43.9 36.4 40.3 35.8 October November _ -- December 1943: 38.2 36.2 38.5 38.4 39.8 March April May 40.9 41.7 43.2 43.9 July August -- 47.8 48.2 43.9 October.. November December 1944: January -. 43.8 44.7 44.9 45.3 February 46.5 March April May June 46.9 47.8 50.9 52.3 *Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 55 TABLE VI NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN DYEING AND FINISHING INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA JvLY 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July --- 18 14 15 18 22 17 18 15 17 18 18 17 17 17 18 18 17 17 19 18 19 19 19 19 4,732 3,048 3,837 4,705 b,014 4,644 4.692 4,378 4,445 4,508 4.530 4.451 4,464 4,185 4,290 4,288 4.253 3,965 4,946 4,791 4,759 4,727 4,656 4,679 $ 20.29 20.38 20.06 22.06 22.99 23.83 22.83 23.24 23.26 23.60 24.41 24.06 21.87 23.38 22.27 23.97 24.19 24.99 24.05 24.21 24.71 24.65 25.57 25.96 38.4 38.1 36.1 39.1 39.8 40.6 39.6 40.7 40.5 41.2 42.0 41.3 38.5 40.5 38.1 40.6 41.1 42.3 39.5 40.6 40.4 38.8 40.3 40.5 .52.8 .53.4 55.5 56.3 57.7 58.5 1943: January - 57.6 57.0 57.0 April . 57.2 58.0 58.2 July - 56.7 August 57.6 58.3 '58.9 58.7 58.9 1944: 60.8 59.5 61.0 63.3 63.5 64.1 •Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data. 56 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE VII NUMBER FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA JuLr 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July 35 33 35 36 38 22 34 38 38 40 38 39 39 43 42 40 39 40 42 43 42 42 42 43 619 730 978 1,281 1,459 912 1,633 2,153 2,604 2.540 1,514 1,128 1,037 1,149 1,295 1,391 1,651 1,747 1,954 2,149 2,269 2,044 1,563 1,240 S 16.91 16.50 18.16 19.06 18.27 18.49 19.19 20.07 20.06 21.79 19.09 20.25 22.13 22.14 22.65 23.54 22.22 19.69 21.24 21.33 23.19 22.25 24.63 23.89 38.4 36.5 38.7 40.7 39.2 36.6 39.8 41.3 41.1 43.2 38.4 40.2 41.3 41.6 43.8 44.8 42.4 37.8 40.4 40.1 42.3 41.0 44.0 42.1 43.9 45.2 46.8 46.8 46.6 50.4 1943: 48.1 48.5 Mai^ch - - - - 48.7 50.3 49.6 50.2 July --- 53.5 53.1 51.6 52.4 52.3 52.0 1944: 52.5 53.1 54.7 54.1 56.0 56.8 •Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 57 TABLE VIII NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES, NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* _-''.. Year and Month -.-; Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July - 49 50 48 60 55 41 69 71 64 73 73 75 73 74 71 76 76 73 75 77 78 76 73 74 10,415 10,895 9,804 12,372 10,583 7.895 14,814 15,491 13,513 15,278 15,009 15,069 14,746 14,911 14.250 13,801 14,061 13,614 13,686 13,519 13,589 13,097 12,304 12,791 1 19.95 19.53 20.58 22.06 21.65 22.75 20.56 21.03 21.60 21.59 21.35 22.32 21.39 22.67 22.02 22.76 22.88 23.35 20.89 22.18 22.66 21.59 23.38 23.05 40.4 38.9 40.4 42.6 41.5 43.1 39.7 40.5 41.1 41.1 40.6 41.7 39.9 41.9 40.4 41.1 41.3 41.7 37.8 39.8 40.0 38.0 40.3 39.7 49.2 50.1 September - 50.8 51.7 52.1 52.6 1943: 51.7 51.8 52.5 52.4 52.5 53.5 July 53.5 54.0 54.5 October - 55.2 55.3 55.9 1944: 55.2 55.6 56.6 56.7 58.1 58.1 •Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. 58 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE IX NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN FULL-FASHIONED HOSIERY INDUSTRIES, NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average . Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July 26 39 43 42 49 40 49 57 56 57 57 59 57 61 58 57 59 55 60 59 58 60 52 62 5,584 8,719 10,313 10,754 12,282 8,880 11,109 13,674 13,202 13.170 13,716 13,679 13,481 13,678 13,822 13,938 14,699 12,744 14,102 13,870 13,385 13,605 10,434 13,581 $ 24.13 24.37 24.06 25.53 25.47 26.88 25.31 26.70 27.56 27.04 27.83 27.05 26.76 27.96 27.65 28.63 29.23 28.91 28.66 30.38 29.83 28.51 29.72 30.13 39.0 .33.6 37.6 38.9 38.2 39.4 37.4 38.1 39.2 37.7 38.2 37.5 36.1 37.7 37.6 38.3 38.7 37.6 36.7 38.4 37.8 35.8 37.5 37.6 61.6 72.4 63.9 October 65.5 66.6 68.1 1943: 67.6 70.0 70.2 71.5 72.8 72.1 ' July ---- 74.1 73.9 73.4 74.7 75.3 76.7 1944: 77.9 79.1 78.7 79.5 79.3 80.2 *Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 59 TABLE X NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN SEAMLESS HOSIERY INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July_ 76 91 89 88 93 82 105 110 112 119 121 118 113 122 122 121 113 125 123 124 120 124 123 124 10,360 12,489 12,433 10,680 12,369 10,381 15,458 16,617 16,557 17.413 17,240 17,255 15,833 17,737 17,283 17.150 16,711 17,339 17,209 16,584 15,874 16,641 16,309 16,552 S 16.61 18.23 17.78 18.01 18.02 17.61 19.26 19.91 20.04 20.05 19.75 19.60 18.58 19.84 19.84 20.53 20.77 20.62 19.99 20.40 20.22 19.69 20.78 21.06 33.6 29.6 34.9 35.8 35.8 35.3 36.2 37.1 37.1 36.7 36.2 35.8 34.2 35.9 35.6 36.5 37.0 36.7 35.4 35.6 35.5 34.2 35.3 35.6 49.4 61.3 50.8 October 50.3 50.2 December 1943: 49.8 53.1 53.6 March April 54.0 54.6 54.5 54.7 July 54.3 August 55.1 55.6 October . 55.6 56.0 December, _ . . - 1944: 56.1 56.4 57.2 March L April May _ 56.8 57.2 58.8 59.1 *Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. 60 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE XI NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS. AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN FLAT KNIT GOODS INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Finns Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July 4 4 5 8 8 7 9 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 4,045 4,110 4,393 4,740 4,891 3,243 5,030 5,271 5,332 5.382 5,447 5,038 5,110 5,360 5,310 5,291 5,346 5,295 5,239 5,225 5,009 4,932 4,973 4,920 $ 18.79 19.98 20.78 21.74 20.86 20.74 22.46 22.46 21.13 21.28 21.83 21.15 20.67 21.01 21.87 22.48 23.73 22.41 21.90 22.61 22.52 22.61 23.25 22.57 38.9 39.4 39.5 40.7 40.0 39.8 42.0 42.7 40.4 40.8 41.9 40.9 39.9 41.0 41.6 42.5 41.8 40.2 39.4 40.2 39.7 39.3 40.5 39.8 48.2 50.7 52.5 53.3 52.1 51.9 1943: 53.3 52.6 52.1 52.0 52.1 51.6 July 51.7 51.2 52.5 52.7 56.6 55.7 1944: January - 55.5 56.2 56.6 57.4 57.6 June 56.7 *Data based on reports from a representative .sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-li shed data. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 61 TABLE XII NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN LUMBER INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA JuLT 1, 1942—JuNX 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: Julv - 45 51 45 57 50 40 54 59 59 62 60 58 57 62 57 59 56 58 61 63 60 64 60 65 4,434 5,237 4,323 4,862 4,173 3,735 4,390 4,961 4,997 5,110 5,042 4,467 3,990 5,241 4,496 4,574 4,646 4,638 4,639 4,801 4,558 4,195 4,016 4,264 $ 19.04 18.52 19.30 18.93 20.37 19.88 19.24 19.48 20.39 20.89 20.80 20.75 21.34 21.51 21.59 22.73 22.45 22.87 22.29 22.22 23.47 23.52 24.84 25.43 42.3 41.6 41.7 40.9 42.7 43.2 40.8 41.4 42.7 43.3 42.8 43.0 42.2 43.1 42.3 44.0 42.8 44.3 43.1 42.5 44.4 44.0 46.1 46.4 44.9 44.5 46.2 October-- November December. 1943: 46.2 47.6 45.9 47.1 February March April May 46.9 47.6 48.2 48.5 June . _ 48.1 July 50.4 49.8 September . . . 50.9 October November 51.6 52.3 December. ._ _. 1944: 51.5 51.6 February _ 52.2 March __ 52.7 April Nlay June 53.4 £3.9 54.8 •Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. 62 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE XIII NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN PAPER BOX INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA JuLT 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month 1942: July August September October November December 1943: January February March April May June •_ July August September October November December 1944: January February March April May June Firms Employees 462 558 642 773 1,175 1,208 1,123 1,034 957 857 1,062 1,074 1,055 1,127 1,085 1,135 1.206 1,214 1,118 1,068 1,015 996 961 1,035 Average Weekly Earnings 17.24 19.24 20.46 20.60 19.33 19.72 19.75 19.42 19.33 21.74 20.50 20.73 17.57 20.58 21.29 20.74 21.81 22.55 21.81 21.94 22.67 22.57 23.27 23.32 Average Hours Per Week 36.1 38.8 40.7 42.2 41.3 41.7 41.6 40.3 39.4 42.9 40.0 41.2 34.6 40.0 42.3 40.8 41.9 42.8 40.7 40.4 40.9 40.5 39.7 41.0 Average Hourly Earnings 47.6 49.5 50.2 48.7 46.7 47.2 47.4 48.2 49.0 50.5 51.2 50.2 50.6 51.3 50.3 50.8 52.0 52.6 53.5 54.2 55.4 55.6 58.6 56.8 *Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturiHg firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 63 TABLE XIV NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN PRINTING AND PUBLISHING INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA JiLY 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July 22 23 23 23 23 22 22 25 24 27 25 25 27 27 2B 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 26 27 481 570 591 556 571 492 537 668 602 652 553 647 681 686 670 681 691 694 685 682 672 674 648 658 ? 32.15 30.90 30.22 29.94 31.49 32.45 32.28 33.12 32.53 32.88 36.63 32.95 33.07 32.81 33.84 33.34 33.73 34.57 34.37 33.79 34.32 34.90 36.19 36.83 38.3 36.1 35.7 36.8 37.4 39.3 38.6 37.8 39.0 39.6 43.9 38.6 38.6 38.3 38.8 38.2 38.6 39.2 39.3 38.7 38.6 38.7 40.5 40.8 83.8 August -- 85.4 84.6 October 81.3 84.1 82.5 1943: January February 83.6 87.4 83.3 April -- 82.8 83.4 85.3 July 85.5 August -- 85.4 87.0 October November 87.1 87.2 88.0 1944: 87.2 87.3 88.7 90.2 89.3 90.4 •Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. 64 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE XV NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN PULP MILLS, NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July ...;.... 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4,479 4,434 4,384 4,381 3,508 4,506 3,501 3,420 3,388 3,344 3,369 3,385 2,308 3,266 3,154 3,150 3,118 3,089 3,961 3,960 3,930 4,028 4,064 4,132 $ 34.83 33.09 34.51 34.39 34.83 34.99 34.73 35.51 36.27 36.81 36.50 36.32 42.17 39.28 39.09 37.99 37.50 36.77 37.66 37.27 38.70 37.70 39.04 38.49 41.6 40.8 41.6 42.4 42.5 42.9 42.9 43.9 44.4 43.0 43.5 43.1 45.1 44.6 43.3 42.5 42.0 42 5 43.8 43.0 44.9 43.8 44.9 45.2 83.6 81.0 82.7 October November _ December^ __ -.. 1943: 86.4 81.8 81.3 80.8 February _.. March 80.8 81.5 85.4 May __ 83.8 84.2 July 93.4 87.9 September October 90.2 89.3 89.2 86.3 1944: 85.8 86.5 86.1 86.0 86.9 85.1 •Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 65 TABLE XVI NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK. AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN RAYON GOODS INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA JuLT 1, 1942—June 30, 1944' Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Week 1942: July.. .- August .- 13 14 20 16 19 15 20 18 20 21 22 21 19 21 21 22 22 21 22 20 19 22 21 21 4,426 3,857 6,260 4,555 5,628 2,794 7,276 6,260 6,986 7,765 8,317 8,048 7,361 8,188 8,118 8,324 8,342 7,697 8,205 6,283 6,024 7,825 7,152 7,381 1 22.10 23.49 23.86 24.01 25.00 24.31 25.33 24.55 25.24 25.80 25.79 25.57 25.16 25.20 25.36 25.72 24.97 25.94 25.55 25.97 25.89 25.38 27.28 27.52 43.0 45.3 43.5 44.6 44.6 42.0 43.1 41.8 42.3 42.9 43.0 42.0 42.1 42.1 41.9 42.7 41.6 42.7 41.9 42.0 41.9 40.0 42.2 42.9 51.3 51.7 54.7 October 53.8 56.0 December^ 1943: January _-_ 57.8 58.7 58.6 March _ _ _ April May 59.5 60.1 59.9 June _ 60.8 July _. August ... _ 59.7 59.8 September October November December 1944: January _ _ _. 60.3 60.1 60.0 60.6 60.9 February .. 61.7 March _ April May June ... . 61.7 63.4 64.6 64.2 •Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. 66 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE XVII NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN TOBACCO PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firms Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July -_- 8 8 8 6 8 6 8 8 8 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10,225 10,586 10,559 7,882 11,023 7,999 11,055 11,042 11,093 9,784 11,405 11,499 11,725 11,978 12,286 12,569 12,756 12,706 12,712 12,484 10,658 12,442 12,952 13,460 $ 29.88 30.34 28.66 28.04 30.01 30.55 28.52 26.22 26.41 27.27 27.85 28.61 31.35 31.05 31.17 30.90 29.63 28.51 28.23 28.11 27.56 28.56 29.04 28.50 40.0 41.2 39.5 40.4 41.3 43.0 40.2 37.7 38.0 39.3 39.7 40.3 44.1 43.0 42.7 42.4 41.5 40.1 39.2 39.2 38.6 38.2 40.2 39.3 74.5 73.6 72.4 69.4 72.5 70.9 1943: 70.8 69.5 69.4 69.3 70.0 70.9 July 71.0 72.1 72.9 72.7 71.3 71.0 1944: 71.8 71.6 71.3 74.6 72.2 72.6 *Data based upon reports from a representative samole of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 67 TABLE XVIII NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN WOOLEN MILLS NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month Firm? Employees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hours Per Week Average Hourly Earnings 1942: July August September. October __ November- December- 1943: January February.. March April May June July August September. October November- December. 1944: January February.. March April May June 3,466 3,526 3,587 3,431 3,485 3,562 1,511 3,562 3,642 3,935 4,329 4,366 4,246 3,828 3,815 3,877 3,957 3,945 4,262 4,130 4,145 4,034 4,062 4,133 24.70 24.55 24.28 25.42 25.74 25.90 26.11 24.82 25.24 25.14 25.78 27.87 25.66 25.83 25.65 27.49 27.12 27.68 26.37 26.40 26.73 25.40 27.97 28.33 42.0 41.3 41.0 42.9 42.5 43.0 40.3 40.9 41.4 41.4 41.9 43.9 40.5 41.1 41.0 42.9 42.3 42.9 41.4 41.3 41.1 38.7 41.9 42.4 58.7 59.3 59.1 59.2 60.5 60.2 64.6 60.6 60.8 60.7 61.4 63.3 63.3 62.8 62.4 64.0 64.0 64.3 63.5 63.8 65.0 65.5 66.7 66.8 *Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. 68 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE XIX NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS, AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944* Year and Month 1942: July August September October November December 1943: January February March April May June July August September October November December 1944: January February March April May June Firms 492 485 349 312 393 374 371 402 440 462 466 452 472 535 650 695 673 720 723 721 704 715 730 735 Employees 8,799 8,895 6,243 6,514 8,209 8,779 8,061 9,034 9,007 9,194 10,005 10,302 10,689 11,642 13,346 15,008 15,329 17,454 14,669 14,689 14,210 14,731 14,638 14.676 Average Weekly Earnings 17.25 16.29 19.03 18.28 15.68 14.30 19.55 20.52 20.81 20.75 20.94 20.58 21.28 21.59 19.30 19.18 19.37 18.44 20.22 20.53 20.65 20.49 21.02 21.70 Average Hours Per Week 38.4 39.3 41.8 41.0 37.2 35.7 42.4 42.4 42.0 42.1 43.0 43.7 43.6 43.8 40.4 39.7 39.3 39.: 40.4 39.9 40.7 39.8 40.2 41.7 Average Hourly Earnings 44.8 41.3 45.4 44.5 42.1 40.0 46.0 48.3 49.5 49.2 48.6 47.0 48.7 49.2 47.7 48.2 49.2 47.1 50.0 51.3 50.7 51.4 52.3 52.0 •Data based upon reports from a representative sample of nonminufacturing firms. Nonmanufacturing includes: Retail, Wholesale, Laundries-dyeing-cleaning, mines and quarries, public utilities hotels and others. Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished data. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 69 DIVISION OF APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING The North Carolina Voluntary Apprenticeship Act, Chapter 229, P. L. 1939, created the Division of Apprenticeship. The North Carolina Apprenticeship Law is designed as a working- arrangement whereby committees of employers and employees, working together, may promote the training of young workers in the skilled trades of industry ; to provide reasonably continuous employment; to guarantee a living wage and pro-vide thoroug-h on the job training in all phases of the several skilled trades, supplemented with related technical training. The first consideration of the apprenticeship program is the welfare of the apprentice. It is a known fact that interests of the employers, employees and the public will be best served when the interest of the apprentice is constantly in the fore-front. THE NORTH CAROLINA APPRENTICESHIP COUNCIL The State Apprenticeship Council is composed of three mem-bers representing employers, three members representing em-ployees, who are appointed by the Commissioner of Labor, and the State Supervisor of Trade and Industrial Education. The Council members are Forrest H. Shuford, Commissioner of La-bor, Chairman, George W. Coggin, State Supervisor of Trade and Industrial Education, Vice Chairman, and Employer Representatives Employee Representatives L. P. Kennedy, General Supt. H. L. Riser, 1st Vice President Norfolk Southern Railroad State Federation of Labor Raleijrh, N. C. 201 Interurban Avenue Charlotte, N. C. ^- J- Fox . _ Cy Chisholm, District Vice Pres. General Contractor State Federation of Labor Raleigrh, N. C. 222 V2 N. Main Street Winston-Salem, N. C. Robt. M. Kermon, Executive Secy. Harry G. Waynick, Secretary N. C. Association of Plumbing' and Central Labor Council Heating Contractors 1T)29 South Aycock Street Raleiffh, N. C. Greensboro, N. C. C. L. Beddingfield, Secretary and Director of Apprenticeship 70 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor ACTIVITIES During the biennial July 1, 1942 through June 30, 1944 or-ganized training programs were started in 87 industrial plants having war contracts, or sub-contracts. These plants employed more than 120,000 people. Of this number 12,000 employees were given one or more short-time training courses, and a large number were given on the job training courses that enabled management to up-grade a sufficient number of employees to fill the gaps caused by induction of key employees into the armed forces. The short time training is far short of the major objective of the State Apprenticeship program. However, the complete exhaustion of the supply of labor within the apprenticeable age group made it necessary to develop such training as would meet the demands of industry in their efforts to produce the materials demanded by the armed forces. Knowing these conditions and needs the State Apprentice-ship Council instructed the Director of Apprenticeship Training to devote all his efforts in meeting the emergency needs of in-dustry in the most productive way possible. The results stated above are the results of these efforts. The picture is beginning to change at present. With the grad-ual let-up in the demands from the armed forces and gradual curtailment of Government contracts, the inquiries are now for help in organizing long-time apprenticeship training. These de-mands will increase in number and scope as more of the young men are discharged from the army. With the rehabilitation training program set up for servicemen having occupational disabilities, it appears now that apprenticeship programs will be necessary in all the plants of the State that deal with the skilled trades. This means intensified and multiplied activities in this division, as every energy must and will be utilized to assist in- every way possible any of the training programs or-ganized for the benefit of the returning veterans. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 71 BUREAU OF LABOR FOR THE DEAF J. M. Vestal, Chief Father Time has rolled in another biennium and the Chief of the Bureau of Labor for the Deaf respectfully submits his sixth report covering the period from July 1, 1942 to June 30, 1944. For information which may not be found herein we refer you to our previous reports. Created as a division in the North Carolina Department of Labor under Section 7312 (j) of the Consolidated Statutes of North Carolina by an Act of the General Assembly in 1923, this Bureau serves as a clearing house for labor and other prob-lems of the deaf citizens in this State. From this set-up a vitally functioning society of self-sustaining citizens has been made out of a group which might otherwise have become wards of the court. This division has only two full-time employees, the Chief and his secretary. The law specifies the duties of this Bureau but the everchanging conditions of the world have greatly increased our responsibilities. However, educating and getting the employing public interested in deaf workers, match-ing men and jobs and making placements profitable to deaf job seekers continue to be our chief problems. We are glad to re-port that we have successfully gone a long way and labor con-ditions in our State are the best in the history of this Bureau. The present World War has given the deaf employment in many lines of work in which they had been refused, and to the surprise of employers, their accomplishments have been an in-valuable asset to the war program. The shortage of manpower has drawn heavily on our applicants and many times we have not been able to furnish the desired workers as we did not have them and none could be found. Time was when the few types of work open to the deaf could be counted on the fingers, but the situation is different today. Statistics and information secured by this Bureau in this State and from others show that the deaf have employment and are performing efl^cient work in 126 different lines of work. Re-ports show that there are over 11,000 deaf persons employed in defense plants in the United States. The best information secured by this Bureau shows 103 deaf persons working on war production in our State and 19 from North Carolina are in de-fense plants in other states. They are working as carpenters, 72 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor building barracks and ships; working as brick and concrete masons, building air bases, etc. ; working in war plants at the production of munitions ; working in aircraft plants and are also filling a variety of skilled and semi-skilled clerical positions with distinction. This has enabled these workers to invest heav-ily in war bonds and stamps. As evidence of the manner in which deaf people are taking advantage of the opportunities now open to them, permit the Chief to cite four cases from North Carolina. This Bureau hav-ing made the necessary arrangements. Miss Nonie Watson began six months' training in general office work at the Raleigh School of Commerce. She made good grades on six subjects after which she stood and successfully passed the Civil Service examination. With our aid and a Civil Service representative Miss Watson was sent to Arlington, Virginia, for employment as a business machine operator and was assigned to work with the War De-partment, Army Service Forces. She was placed in a "specially restricted" division and was the first deaf girl to be placed in this line of work. We had another client, Miss Mary Stevens, who had some training as typist while in School at Morganton. This Bureau arranged for her to take four months' training in Ra-leigh. She completed her training and took the required Civil Service test, making an eligible grade. This Bureau in co-operation with a Civil Service representative, placed her as a numerical card punch operator in the Procurement Division of the Federal Treasury Department in Washington, D. C. This client was the first deaf girl to be employed by the Treasury Department. After graduating from the School for the Deaf where she had training in typing. Miss Nell Walker with our assistance was able to secure employment as typist at the Nor-folk Navy Yard. She is the first and only deaf girl to be em-ployed by the Navy Yard and is one of the 55,000 employees working there. This Bureau made arrangements for Miss Violet Yerton to take training as typist-clerk in the Charlotte Me-morial Hospital in Charlotte. She developed into a good worker and later we placed her with the Gibson Plant, Cannon Mills No. 6 in Concord. This client is efficiently operating an electric billing typewriter. A table in this report shows that in the past two years we have placed 77 deaf men and women in gainful employment. With follow-up visits the Chief has been able to make some Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 73 important adjustments which eventually were of benefit to our clients in making more progress. These visits have also been of invaluable aid to both employers and employees in the way of creating good-will and mutual understanding. Our table also shows the number placed in various trades during the past two years. The number may appear small but to place one deaf per-son is a big and difficult task. The obstacles are many and va-ried. This Bureau has to remove them before placements can be made. In the past two years this Bureau has been affiliated with the Department of Vocational Rehabilitation and as a result finan-cial aid for training 19 of our clients was secured. The trainees today have good jobs. Ten of these girls were placed in the Charlotte Memorial Hospital—two as typists in the general office, two in the central medical supply room and six in the dietary department. After this training two of the clients in the dietary department were placed with the Casualty Hospital in Washington, D. C, at good wages, and one was sent to Detroit to work with her sister in a large hospital there. In cases where employers were skeptical, financial aid on a fifty-fifty basis was also secured for from three to six months as an inducement to employers to hire deaf workers. Also through this affiliation we were able to assist some of our hard-of-hearing clients to get hearings aids which they are now wearing with good results. Our association with the Department of Vocational Rehabili-tation was pleasant and profitable, but on account of a change in Federal regulations our affiliation had been cut off at the end of the past fiscal year. However, we are happy to be able to carry on with financial aid from our State. This Bureau has had fine cooperation from the North Caro-lina School for the Deaf at Morganton. When it comes to em-ployment the School refers all of its boys and girls to us and very often assists us in placing the clients. We can not express too highly our appreciation for the confidence placed in us and the opportunities to serve. While on trips in the western sec-tion the Chief has made many visits to the School and these visits have been very beneficial to all concerned. For example, at the close of the School in May this year, twelve boys and girls finished their courses there and this Bureau had jobs waiting for all of them. They are now at work, having stepped right out of the school room into the industrial work without loss of time and effort. The visits to the School have enabled the Chief 74 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor to meet and study the boys and girls, and consequently, the Chief knew his clients and was able to match them on jobs. In his contacts with employers the Chief was shown every courtesy and given every assistance possible for which he feels very grateful as it has made it possible for him to do his work well. Much has been accomplished by this Bureau but there is much more ahead to be done, especially the post-war problems. In view of this we look forward earnestly and hopefully that the 1945 General Assembly will make ample appropriation so we can continue to carry on efficiently. As usual, the Chief desires to express to the Commissioner, the personnel of the Department of Labor, and all the other State agencies his deep appreciation for the fine and beneficial cooperation in every respect. Regis- Place- Cancella- Active Industry and Occupation trants* ments tions** Balance Agricultui'e Farm laborers 3 2 1 Clerical Bookkeepers 2 2 -: .--Oi'; Clerical and filing clerks 1 , . ..1,-, . // Elec. billing machine operator _-. 1 1 °- '0-'-' Numerical card punch operator__ 1 1 • : . -.0 .••• Typists 9 4 , 1.4 - Clothing and Textile Electric machine operators 11 9 2 - Handsewing trades 2 1 , • 1 Weavers 3 2 1 Q Helpers 2 1 1 Cone winders 1 1 • : ^ - ; .= Thread winders 1 1 . 9. .., Domestic and Personal Service . ' " Housekeepers 3 3 ; 0,;;' Restaurants ^. r Waitresses 4 4 ,..!.. Tobacco Factories Packers 1 ^ ^ ' ' •' ' ' ' &=): Hosiery Inspectors 1 1 . . Loopers 11 7 "31 Packers - . 1 1 :' . Seamers 1 _ . . , ;1 Paper Manufacture ..'.'.! ..'. Paper box and bag workers 1 1 ^ ;' ;'-.: -0 = Printing Trades '• '.-'. .'-..;', ;. ' Linotype operators 11 7 . . ^ . 4 Printers and pressmen . 1 1 ' 0- Feeders and binders 3 3 ; "^ Salesmen 1 1 .0 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 75 Industry and Occupation Furniture and Woodwoi'k Craters Sander machine operators Professional and Technical Supervisors — - Sewing room Seamstresses and fitters Laundries Helpers Mangle machine operators - Washing machine operators ^ Dry Cleaning Overweavers Pressers Baking Bakers' helpers Dairying and Creameries Handmilkers Elec. bottle machine operator- Poultry Poultrymen . Hospital Dietician's assistants Central supply clerks Minerals and allied products Mica sorter Munitions plant Assembler Regis-trants* 2 1 Totals 106 Place-ments 2 1 77 Cancella. tions** 15 Active Balance 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 2 6 • 2 . 14 "Includes those carried over from last biennium. '•Includes those who have married, died, left the state, etc. , SUMMARY A glance at the summary of our report of activity from July 1, 1942 to June 30, 1944 shows the following-: Registrations Placements Cancellations Active Balance Men 35 24 5 6 Women 71 ,53 10 8 Total. _... 106 77 " 15 14 Firm Visits 338 Field Interviews 598 Official trips made by Chief 47 Miles traveled by Chief 17,589 76 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor VETERANS' SERVICE DIVISION Frank M. Sasser, State Service Officer When our last Biennial Report was submitted World War II was about seven months old. At this writing World War II is nearly three years old. The work of the Veterans' Service Di-vision has been tremendously affected by this fact. The General Assembly of 1943 authorized the Governor and Council of State to increase the staff of the Veterans' Service Division at such time and in such degree as appeared neces-sary on account of the increase in the number of veterans re-turning from the present conflict. In March 1944 the Commis- / sioner of Labor in company with a Committee of the American Legion appointed by the North Carolina Department of the Legion at its regular meeting in January in High Point called on Governor Broughton and presented a program for the in-crease of the staff and facilities of the Division. After due con-sideration the Division was authorized to establish five offices I strategically located in cities of the State in addition to the one then being operated in Fayetteville. As this report is being prepared offices in the cities of Asheville and Greenville are actually in operation and it is contemplated that by the middle of September the offices in Charlotte, Greensboro and Raleigh will be in operation. These branch offices are staffed with a service officer and a secretary. The functions of the branch offices are to carry information . to veterans and their dependents more quickly than could be done under the old system of working out of the central office. Further the program makes available points to which the vet-erans may apply for assistance thereby saving time and trouble incident to long distances of travel and delay in correspondence. The employees of these branch offices have been trained in the central office of the Division in Fayetteville where they have been able to meet appropriate officials of the Veterans' Admin-istration and see the operation of the central office of the Di-vision and to learn the routine necessary in preparing and pre-senting claims to the Rating Board of the Veterans' Administra-tion. They have also been able to learn something of the regulations and procedure of the Administration governing other matters pertaining to benefits to which returned veterans are entitled by reason of their war service. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 77 The service officer in charge of a branch office is responsible , for the activities of the Division in a specified number of coun-ties in his area. He contacts as nearly in a routine way as pos-sible the veterans and their dependents in each county in his area and it is hoped that when the program is fully developed that points in each county may be established to which veterans may apply for such assistance as they may need. The secretary of each office will keep the office open at all times and be pre-pared to make appointments and render minor services to vet-erans and their dependents such as filling out forms and assist-ing in negotiating for hospitalization. We are indebted to service officers of the American Legion throughout the State and to other people for their fine coopera-tion in helping us develop this program. The staff of the central office of the Division located in Fayette-ville in the Veterans' Hospital consists of a State Service Of-ficer, two assistant State Service Officers and two stenographic workers. These people are trained in the technique of preparing and presenting claims of veterans of all wars to the Rating Board. Material from all over the State is sent to the central office of the Division through our branch offices and through other interested people upon receipt of which the service officers in Fayetteville arrange all the items necessary for presentation to the Administration for appropriate consideration. Below is a statistical report of the activities of this Division for the past two years : Letters written 9,166 Folders reviewed 6,551 Examinations secured 766 Hospitalizations 491 Personal interviews 7,158 Appearances before Rating Board 4,534 New cases 4,269 Old cases 10,915 Total cases 15,184 Pensions secured 691 Compensations secured - 374 Increased benefits $ 946,810.32 Back benefits $ 143,027.99 Insurance benefits $ 264,861.48 Total benefits ...- $1,354,699.79 The outstanding difference in the above report and that sub-mitted two years ago is the very significant increase in mone-tary benefits of all types received by North Carolina veterans through the efforts of this office. The last Biennial Report shows that this office was able to secure, for example, the comparatively 78 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor small amount of about $10,000.00 in insurance benefits to de-pendents of deceased veterans. The above report discloses that this office was able to secure for dependents of veterans who have sacrificed their lives in the present war the sum of $264,- 861.00. Obviously this Division will have more and more insur-ance claims to handle as long as the war lasts as the handling-of insurance claims is becoming one of the principal functions of the Division. "Increased compensation" in the form of month-ly benefits to veterans and their dependents increased from $250,000.00 to $463,000.00, while "back benefits" increased from $68,000.00 to $143,000.00. The total benefits received during the past two years by North Carolina veterans and their de-pendents as a result of the activities of the Division amounted to $1,354,699.79. In addition to the benefits secured from the Federal Govern-ment for North Carolina veterans and their dependents the Veterans' Service Division was able to secure for thirty-five children of World War veterans, who met the qualifications of North Carolina Law, entrance into State operated institutions of higher learning. In 1937 the General Assembly enacted leg-islation which provided a college education for children of World War veterans who died on the battlefield or as a result of disease or injury incurred in war service. No limitation was placed by this Act as to the number of children who might receive these benefits. An amendment to the Act subsequently enacted made available these same benefits to five children of World War veterans each school year whose fathers had service connected disabilities which were considered by the Veterans' Administra-tion to be disabling to the extent of 30% or more. The selection of these five children under the law is made each year in July by the Superintendent of Public Instruction and he makes his selection from among the applications which he has received during the year. The Veterans' Service Divi-sion has for several years served as a clearing house for these applications and the Division has worked very closely with the Superintendent of Public Instruction in assisting the children of veterans to prepare their applications and secure the neces-sary documentary evidence of their entitlement to educational benefits under North Carolina Law. It should be pointed out that the State Law requires proof of financial need in order for the applicant for educational benefits to be entitled to all of these benefits. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 79 In April 1944 a service officers' school was conducted in the Veterans' Hospital at Fayetteville and all members of the staff of this Division acted as instructors and assisted in preparins^ the program which was held under the auspices of the Rehabili-tation Committee of the American Legion Department of North Carolina. Approximately one hundred volunteer service officers of the Legion and other service organizations attended this school, most of whom paid their own expenses. The conferees evidenced great interest in the program. These schools have been operated for several years past for the purpose of inform-ing the people with whom we have dealt throughout the State of various changes in the laws affecting veterans and their de-pendents and the regulations and procedure of the Veterans' Administration governing monetary benefits, hospitalization and other items to which veterans may be entitled. The Service Officer and the Assistant Service Officers have traveled throughout the State during the past two years at-tending meetings of veterans' organizations, interviewing vet-erans and their dependents, assisting vete
Object Description
Description
Title | Biennial report of the Department of Labor |
Creator | North Carolina. |
Date | 1942; 1944 |
Subjects |
Industrial safety North Carolina. Department of Labor--Periodicals Labor laws and legislation--North Carolina--Periodicals |
Place | North Carolina, United States |
Time Period | (1929-1945) Depression and World War Two |
Description | Report year ends June 30. |
Publisher | Raleigh :The Dept.,1932-1972. |
Agency-Current |
North Carolina Department of Labor |
Rights | State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754 |
Physical Characteristics | v. ;22 cm. |
Collection | Health Sciences Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Type | text |
Language | English |
Format |
Annual reports Periodicals |
Digital Characteristics-A | 3963 KB; 98 p. |
Digital Collection | North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Related Items | Superseded by the Department's Report, which is issued annually. |
Title Replaced By | North Carolina. Department of Labor..Report |
Title Replaces | North Carolina. Department of Labor and Printing..Report of the Department of Labor and Printing |
Audience | All |
Pres File Name-M | pubs_edp_biennialreportdepartmentoflabor194244.pdf |
Pres Local File Path-M | \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_edp\images_master\ |
Full Text |
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BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JULY 1. 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944
ISSUED BY
THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
FORREST H. SHUFORD. Commissioner
RALEIGH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Letter of Transmittal 5
Recommendations of Commissioner of Labor 7
Report of Expenditures 12
Division of Standards and Inspections 14
Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections 16
Bureau of Elevator Inspections 21
Bureau of Boiler Inspections 22
Bureau of Mines and Quarries 25
Conciliation Service Division 29
Division of Statistics and Publications 32
Division of Apprenticeship Training 69
Bureau of Labor for the Deaf 71
Veterans' Service Division 76
.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Honorable J. M. Broughton,
Governor of North Carolina,
Raleigh, North Carolina.
Members of the General Assembly
OF THE State of North Carolina.
Gentlemen :
I respectfully submit the biennial report of the North Carolina
Department of Labor for the biennium July 1, 1942 to June 30,
1944.
In transmitting this report to you I want to acknowledge the
fine cooperation and assistance of the heads of the different divi-sions
of the Department of Labor which made possible the
showing we have made in this biennium.
Your very truly,
Forrest H. Shuford,
Commissioner of Labor.
BIENNIAL REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER OF LABOR
Raleigh, N. C.
Honorable J. M. Broughton,
Governor of North Carolina,
Raleigh, North Carolina.
Sir:
As provided under Section 7310(c) of the Consolidated
Statutes of North Carolina, the annual report of the Commis-sioner
of Labor shall be "made on or before January first of the
year in which the General Assembly shall be in session" and
"shall be accompanied by recommendations of the Commissioner
of Labor with reference to such changes in the law applying to
or affecting labor conditions as the Commissioner may deem
advisable."
The activities of the Department are adequately covered in
the reports submitted to me by the heads of the various divi-sions,
which reports comprise the main body of this report.
Therefore, I shall confine my statements to a brief summary
of the work of the Department, together with my recommenda-tions
in regard to our needs in order to improve the service of
the Department of Labor and for changes and improvements
in the labor laws which seem to me to be essential in order for
us to function in the manner prescribed by law in the improve-ment
of working conditions. I sincerely trust that you will be
able to pass these recommendations on to the members of the
General Assembly with your endorsement. Since I am aware
of your earnest desire for the needs of the working people of
our State to be efficiently served by just and proper laws, I am
confident that my recommendations are in accord with your
opinions and desires.
In the biennial report covering the period July 1, 1940 to June
30, 1942 I expressed the opinion that, while it behooves . every
agency to do the very best job possible with the least expense,
in view of the rising cost of living it was necessary to increase
the salaries paid State employees. The action of the General
8 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
Assembly in granting a bonus was gratifying. It is my earnest
\j conviction that this temporary bonus should be made a perma-nent
part of the State employees' salaries and, if possible, their
salaries further increased.
NEEDED LEGISLATION
Due to the differential in earnings between industrial and
mercantile employees engaged in intrastate employment and
those engaged in interstate employment, it is felt that enact-ment
of minimum-wage legislation is needed. I wish to direct
your attention to several reasons supporting my feeling
:
1. Minimum-wages tend to eliminate unfair competition be-tween
the employer in a manufacturing industry who sells
his goods in many States, covered by the Federal law, and
the employer in the same business who sells all his goods
within the State, not covered by the Federal law.
2. Experience gained in the administration of the Federal
Wage and Hour Law indicates that it is a measure to which
business generally can adopt itself without undue hardship.
3. Such legislation would offer reasonable assurance against
the need for subsidization by social agencies or public
works of employees in ordinary occupations.
4. It would provide for veterans of the present war, and
others, some assurance of employment at better than sub-sistence
wages.
5. Over one-half of the States have enacted minimum-wage
legislation and have found same beneficial.
6. While minimum-wage legislation ordinarily does not cover
agricultural workers, it will increase the wages of cov-ered
low income groups. Statistics show that the income
of both of these groups closely parallel each other, so that
benefits received by industrial workers indirectly benefit
all other workers.
The need of provision for voluntary arbitration panels as a
means of democratically disposing of post-war labor-manage-ment
problems which have failed of settlement through bargain-ing
and conciliation is desirable. The probability that the War
Labor Board will cease to function after the war makes this
need even more pronounced and is in line with your oft ex-pressed
opinion that the State should give to its citizens a bet-ter
government through state agencies.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 9
division of standards and inspections
Mr. Lewis P. Sorrell, Chief of the Division of Standards and
Inspections, had made a full report of the work of that Division.
I direct your attention to the increase in the number of viola-tions
of Labor Laws and Codes discovered during the biennium
and likewise to the increase in corrections of these violations
that were secured. I believe that I am correct in stating that
this increase is to be attributed more to the increased effective-ness
of inspections than to any increase in flagrant violations
of the law.
Following the trend established during the 1940-1942 bien-nium
there has been a further reduction of complaints received
and investigated during the past biennium. This trend is in
my opinion but another indication of the increased effectiveness
of the work being done by this Division.
The continued importance of mica mining in this State has
placed quite a burden on the two mining inspectors. During the
past four years the number of mines in North Carolina has
more than trebled, with the greatest increase occurring in the
war necessary mica mines.
CONCILIATION SERVICE DIVISION
The report of Frank Crane, Conciliator, is his first report
covering a full biennial period, the Division having been estab-lished
in March, 1941. His report is extremely gratifying. Some
strikes occurred in North Carolina, a fact which is to be
regretted, but through the work of this Division and the coop-eration
of the United States Conciliation Service these strikes
and work stoppages which would have seriously interfered
with our production program have been held to a minimum.
The creation and preservation of good relations between Labor
and Management constitute an important function of this Di-vision.
I am proud to state that such relations do exist in North
Carolina. • _
DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND PUBLICATIONS
It is the responsibility of the Division of Statistics of the De-partment
of Labor to collect and compile statistical information
relating to labor and laboring conditions in our State. During
the biennium covered by this report this Division has materially
increased the scope of its endeavors.
10 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
Employment and pay roll data are now used to estimate total
manufacturing employment in the State. In addition data are
now being taken from inspection records that will reveal the
number of employees in North Carolina by race and sex. This
same data will provide information concerning the number of
employees in manufacturing by shift.
The Division continues to supervise the issuance of employ-ment
certificates to minors and to compile data on the age, sex,
occupation, industry, and education of these minors.
The Division continues to collect data on building construc-tion
in North Carolina. While of little value at the present time
due to the fact that construction is limited to that necessary in
the war effort, these data in normal times provide an important
indication of business conditions.
The Division has during the biennium compiled a directory
of manufacturing firms located in North Carolina. This direc-tory
is now in the hands of the printer and will be available soon.
It lists all known manufacturing firms in the State in two sep-arate
lists: one list is prepared by counties and one list is pre-pared
by type of industry on a state-wide basis.
The Division hopes to compile during the coming biennium,
personnel and funds being available, data on the cost of living
in North Carolina and occupational wages for at least the more
important industries in the State.
DIVISION OF APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING
This Division becomes increasingly important as more and
more veterans of the war return. Engaged for the past two
years in securing training for workers needed in war plants,
the Division now looks forward to a program of training vet-erans
in peace-time occupations.
No one can anticipate what program or programs may be es-tablished
by Federal Agencies to carry out this training pro-gram.
Rather than await developments it is my feeling that
the Apprenticeship Training Division must prepare to lead the
way in this important field. Should other agencies develop some
plan of training we should and will be prepared to cooperate
in any manner possible.
BUREAU OF LABOR FOR THE DEAF
The report of J. M. Vestal, Chief of the Bureau of Labor for
the Deaf, is of great interest. Employers who had previously
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 11
refused to employ deaf persons have been forced by war condi-tions
and the shortage of labor to make concessions to these
handicapped persons. The concession has been mutually bene-ficial
and the Bureau will attempt to see that it remains so.
During the past biennium Federal Aid to this Division was
withdrawn; the service rendered by the Bureau to the deaf
people of this State should not be permitted to suffer as a result
of this action on the part of the Federal Government.
VETERANS' SERVICE DIVISION
The services rendered veterans of all wars and the dependents
of deceased veterans of all wars, is set forth in the report of
Frank M, Sasser, State Service OfRcer. The importance of this
division and its work at present cannot be overstated. No effort
is too great that insures returning veterans of this present
conflict every possible benefit to which they may be entitled
by law.
The establishment of branch offices of this Division at stra-tegic
points throughout the State was necessary. Every effort
must be exerted to see that these offices render to the veterans
in each of North Carolina's one hundred counties the service
expected of them. Every veteran must have the opportunity
to perfect his claims without undue expense or delay.
12 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
REPORT OF EXPENDITURES, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
1942-1943
Appropriation—Chapter 107; P. L. 1941 $ 85,689.00
Federal Wage and Hour Payments 113,838.53 1.
Contingency and Emergency Fund .._. 6,715.00
Vocational Education—Bureau for the Deaf ._ _ 2,241.88
Employees' War Bonus 7,950.00 '
Refund of Expenditures 759.99
$217,194.40
Expenditures $206,714.97
Refund of Expenditures 759.99 $207,474.96
Balance $ 9,719,44
Purposes
Administration $ 12,534.12
Veterans' Service OfRce 12,623.02
Statistical Division 2,594.75 ''' ' -
'
Standards and Inspections 154,506.59
Employment Service 4,533.60 ...
Supplies and Materials 1,813.94
Apprenticeship Training 3,962.25
Conciliation Service 6,255.71
Employees' War Bonus 7,890.99
$206,714.97
Objects
Salaries and Wages $148,624.64
Supplies and Materials 335.30
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 3,886.25
Travel Expense 41,141.97
Printing and Binding 1,588.69
Repairs and Alterations 249.19
General Expense 2,162.32
Equipment 835.62
Employees' War Bonus 7,890.99
$206,714.97
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 13
REPORT OF EXPENDITURES, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
1943-1944
Appropriation—Chapter 530; P. L. 1943 $137,045.00
Federal Wage and Hour Payments 114,572.24
Vocational Education—Bureau for the Deaf 1,769.34
Refund of Expenditures 594.64 $253,981.22
Expenditures $226,189.42
Refund of Expenditures ._.__ 594.64 $225,784.06
Balance $ 27,197.16
Purposes
Administration —- $ 12,523.83
Veterans' Service Office _— 14,044.12
Emplojmient Service 4,112.40
Statistical Division 6,577.59
Standards and Inspections 60,440.72
Wage and Hour 107,139.53
Supplies and Service 2,228.83
Apprenticeship Training 4,960.03 ,
Conciliation Service 6,453.07
Employees' War Bonus 7,709.30
$226,189.42
' '
' Objects
Salaries and Wages $156,448.90
Supplies and Materials 478.75
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 4,418.36
Travel Expense 42,045.65
Printing and Binding 2,007.78
Repairs and Alterations 305.25
General Expense 2,798.56
Equipment 1,734.27
Employees' War Bonus 15,951.90
$226,189.42
-it.- ii.\
'/;!''.
14 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
DIVISION OF STANDARDS AND INSPECTIONS
Lewis P. Sorrell, Chief Inspector
The Division of Standards and Inspections is responsible for
seeing that all Labor Laws, rules and regulations concerning
the safety and welfare of employees are effectively and impar-tially
administered.
In the Division there are four Bureaus, namely: .-...'
The Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections . .
The Bureau of Boiler Inspections
The Bureau of Elevator Inspections
The Bureau of Mine and Quarry Inspections.
In addition to the enforcement of the State Labor Law and
the rules and regulations pertaining to the above Bureaus, the
Division is responsible for making inspections and investiga-tions
of establishments subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act
of 1938 and the Public Contracts Act for the purpose of deter-mining
compliance with the provisions thereof. This inspection
responsibility is pursuant to a State-Federal Agreement entered
into between the North Carolina Department of Labor, the
Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions and the Chil-dren's
Bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor. Since April
1941 the Department has been responsible for the administra-tion
of these Federal laws in North Carolina with the aid of a
Federal Unit assigned to the Department by the Wage and Hour
and Public Contracts Divisions and the Children's Bureau. Un-der
this responsibility the Division of Standards and Inspections
makes all investigations and inspections for the purpose of de-termining
compliance with the Federal laws. The Division has
also during the biennial period conducted surveys and inven-tories
for the various Federal war agencies.
The first year of the biennium the pay roll inspectors made
investigations of complaints and routine assignments pertain-ing
to the Federal Wage and Hour Law. The other group of
inspectors classified as joint inspectors were responsible for
making investigations in connection with Wage and Hour work
and also for safety and health inspections and enforcement of
State Maximum Hour and Child Labor Laws in all establish-ments
in their respective districts. In addition to the above
groups of inspectors the Legislature provided for three addi-tional
inspectors who were given the responsibility of mak-
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 15
ing inspections of establishments in intrastate business not cov-ered
by the provisions of the Federal Wage and Hour Law
consisting chiefly of mercantile, restaurant, and service estab-lishments.
At the beginning of the second year of the biennium
our inspectors were reclassified to some extent and the pay roll
inspectors were charged with the responsibility of making in-vestigations
and pay roll inspections in connection with both the
Federal Wage and Hour Law and the State Labor and Child
Labor Laws in establishments engaged in interstate commerce.
Our joint inspectors as mentioned above are now classified
as senior factory inspectors and have the responsibility of mak-ing
safety and health inspections for the Federal Public Con-tracts
Division as well as for the State in establishments en-gaged
in interstate commerce. Our other group of inspectors
classified as junior factory inspectors are charged with the re-sponsibility
of making inspections of service establishments,
mercantile establishments, restaurants, etc., engaged in intra-state
business only. This change in program did not get under
way until about September 1, 1943.
Due to the increased volume of inspections and the fact that
we are doing safety work in connection with the administration
of the Federal Public Contracts Act under the State-Federal
Cooperative Agreement our work has increased considerably
with regard to State office work.
You will note in this report that there has been a considerable
increase in the number of permits issued for the employment
of male adults eighteen years of age and over to exceed the
provisions of the maximum hour law as provided by statute.
There has been an increase in office work brought about by mod-ification
of the maximum hour and child labor laws under the
provisions of the Governor's Emergency War Power Proclama-tion
Act.
During the biennium the work of the Division has progressed
very satisfactorily. The reclassification or reorganization of
inspectors in September 1943 has resulted in a considerable in-crease
in the number of inspections made over the previous
year during the same period of time. However, we have had a
considerable turn-over in personnel and it has been very dif-ficult
to replace our more technically trained personnel such as
boiler inspectors and for the entire biennium we have not had
a boiler inspector as both our inspectors are in the armed serv-ices.
16 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
The mining industry in this State has been most active and
this is particularly true with the mica mining industry as this
State is the chief source of mica production in the United States
and mica is classified as one of the most essential minerals used
in the prosecution of the war program.
The Elevator Bureau has been operating very satisfactorily
even though there have been restrictions on materials necessary
for repairs and improvements of elevators.
The Division is working to maintain the best possible condi-tions
of safety and sanitation and to enforce the State Labor
Laws and the provisions of the Federal Fair Labor Standards
Act.
BUREAU OF FACTORY AND MERCANTILE INSPECTIONS
The State is divided into seven inspectional districts with a
senior inspector directing the State inspectional work in each
district. Three of these district offices operate as branch offices
with a supervising inspector directing the Federal work. These
senior and supervising inspectors are charged with the respon-sibility
of directing and planning the work of other inspectors
in their respective districts in connection with the joint State-
Federal inspections as prescribed by the agreement.
The Bureau of Factory and Mercantile inspections is con-cerned
with the maintenance of safe and sanitary working con-ditions
in every place in the State. To the same extent that we
are interested in sanitary working conditions, we are interested
in safe physical conditions. It is as essential for hazardous
machines, belts, pulleys, etc., to be guarded as it is for clean
toilets or for sanitary drinking water facilities to be maintained.
It is likewise as essential for an employer to keep an adequate
first aid kit with trained personnel to use such equipment, and
to utilize every available means in making employees safety
conscious, as it is to provide guards for hazardous machines.
In most establishments the primary work of the safety in-spector
is to advise and discuss with the management the most
practical methods of carrying out the Industrial Code provi-sions.
Many employers do not have to be "sold" on the idea of
providing satisfactory working conditions, nor are enforcement
measures necessary in order to secure compliance with the pro-visions
of our Code. They are anxious to make improvements
which are beneficial. However, there are other employers—
a
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 17
minority group—who resist all efforts of an inspector to secure
voluntary compliance with the Labor Laws and the safety and
sanitary regulations, who will violate the law even though in-spections
are made as frequently as our personnel permits.
With this type employer it is often necessary to resort to the
courts to secure compliance with the State Labor Laws, as less
drastic measures will not secure the desired results.
In January 1943 our junior and senior factory inspectors
had the benefit of attending a special safety training school con-ducted
by Mr. R. P, Blake, Senior Safety Engineer of the Di-vision
of Labor Standards of the United States Department of
Labor. Classroom work, as well as practical inspections of sev-eral
establishments selected for this purpose, was the basic
part of this training program. Moreover, there have been var-ious
meetings and conferences held with the pay roll and super-vising
inspectors concerning Wage and Hour and Public Con-tracts
work during this biennium.
ESTABLISHMENTS INSPECTED, SPECIAL PERMITS ISSUED, AMOUNT
OF RESTITUTION AND NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS MADE
RELATIVE TO OUR AtlREEMENT WITH THE WAGE
AND HOUR AND PUBLIC CONTRACTS DIVISION
During this biennium we have made 12,421 inspections.
Two thousand seven hundred and forty-one special permits were
issued for the employment of male adults to work in excess of
the provisions of the State Maximum Hour Law as prescribed
by statute. Eighty-four special permits were issued allowing
female minors sixteen and seventeen years of age to work after
10 P. M. as permitted under the Governor's Emergency War
Power Proclamation which became effective May 1943.
In connection with the agreement between this Department
and the Federal Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divi-sions
3,633 inspections were made with 2,032 violations found.
These inspections resulted in .$435,410.25 restitution being paid
to 16,408 employees. This involved 935 establishments. Dur-ing
the fiscal year 1943-1944 a total of 428 public contract in-spections
were made concurrently with the above mentioned
inspections and 534 investigations were made in connection
with the War assignment program for one of the Federal War
agencies.
18 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
ORDERS ISSUED FOR COMPLIANCE WITH LABOR LAWS
U.\' AND CODES ,; ,;•,
During the biennial period the inspectors of this Division
reported a total of 8,006 business establishments which were
not complying- with the State Labor Laws and Codes, The vio-lations
reported consisted of child labor violations, insanitary
toilets, failure to provide separate toilets for sexes and races,
hour violations, failure to provide seats for female employees,
failure to have the proper first aid equipment for the use of
workers, failure to have employees trained to administer first
aid, and for not having posted copies of labor laws and schedules
of work hours. Establishments not meeting the Industrial Code
requirements were most frequently reported for unsafe working
conditions. These conditions include slippery floors, unguarded
machinery, improper exits, unsafe elevators, etc.
''"'
The following tables present a study of the types of violations
noted in the past biennial period and of the compliance reported
for the same period of time. The orders issued for corrections
and the compliance reported are tabulated according to industry
classifications.
ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM—JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944
Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Orders Noted by Industry
Violations or jabor Laws and Codes
• Industry Total
Viola-tions
Child
Labor
Hour Time
Records
Sanita-tion
Seat First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Codes
Cotton Mills 2,653
852
23
96
589
1,311
1,779
245
2,002
16,551
1,585
360
5,753
108
237
161
1
40
84
158
147
28
365
13,265
454
195
3,688
25
64
18
4
2
324
104
6
8
77
227
189
39
242
295
215
26
257
19
20
4
76
32
31
14
1
ie"
27
57
50'
74
34
7
42
3
1,897
Hosiery Mills .
,
517
Woolen Mills 15
Silk Mills 1
10
29
43
87"
226
69
38
213
9
6
27
1
25
392
105
16
193
3
3
7
10
7
1
6
39
2
1
2
2
3
25
28
57
3
48
39'
3
16
4
41
Cordage and textile products
Furniture _,.
369
826
Crates, barrels, etc. 1,252
Tobacco products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Mercantile establishments—
.
Laundries
173
1,179
2,260
667
74
Restaurants, workshops, etc.
Canneries
1,342
43
33 , 907 18.848 807 775 2,028 104 334 356 10,655
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 19
COMPLIANCE WITH ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM-JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30. 1944
Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Corrections Reported bt Industry
Corrections ok Labor Laws and [!odes
Industry Total
Correc-tions
Child
Labor
Hour Time
Records
Sanita-tion
Seat First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Codes
Cotton Mills 963
376
6
31
275
814
620
112
967
13,138
668
185
3,884
61
100
115
1
1
76
127
55
16
155
10,595
202
94
2,564
22
29
15
1
1
132
46
2
5
49
134
55
15
106
213
84
15
132
9
8
1
30
12
13
6
1
--
16
23
26'
64
19
3
23
1
650
180
2
Silk Mills 1
2
4
2
..
27
1
i"
2
10
17
14
1
24
13"
3
9
2
22
Cordage and textile products 3
21
26
59'
192
37
21
158
10
8
1
14
292
49
10
111
2
130
493
437
79
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Mercantile establishments—
.
580
1,756
263
39
Restaurants, workshops, etc.
Canneries
886
15
Grand Total 22,100 14,123 571 491 997 50 137 200 5,531
CHILD LABOR
The Division of Standards and Inspections is responsible for
the enforcement of the Child Labor Law and the inspectors are
always on the alert for violations either on the streets, in fac-tories
or in stores and workshops. Under the general supervi-sion
and direction of the Department of Labor the County Su-perintendents
of Public Welfare issue all employment certifi-cates.
When minors are found employed without employment
certificates the employer and the minor are informed of the
necessary forms to be executed and referred to the County
Superintendent of Welfare for certification before further em-ployment
is allowed. Where wilful violations of any provisions
of the law occur appropriate legal action is taken to secure com-pliance.
You will note there has been a considerable increase in the
number of child labor violations over those shown for the pre-vious
biennium. The major part of these violations were caused
by failure to obtain employment certificates, failure to keep
time records and failure to keep posted schedules showing the
hours of work of the minors employed. There were a number
of violations found where minors under eighteen years of age
were working in establishments selling alcoholic beverages, but
in most of these cases the employers were not aware that this
type employment was prohibited.
The report of the Statistical Division will show that the num-ber
of employment certificates has more than doubled over the
20 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
past biennium. The main contributing factor to this is our
labor shortage on account of the war which makes it necessarj^
for employers to use the services of minors in occupations classi-fied
as nonessential and unskilled. I might add, however, that
our compliances are considered normal in comparison with the
rapid changes in personnel in practically all establishments as
well as the confusion confronting us today and misinterpreta-tion
of various regulations before receiving correct information
from our inspectors.
COMPLAINTS
We have in the past two years received and investigated a
total of 75 complaints alleging violations of the State Law and
Codes such as excessive working hours for males, females and
minors, insanitary and insufficient toilet facilities, or seats for
female employees and complaints alleging unsafe or unhealthful
working conditions. Complaint investigations are given priority
where the allegations indicate a violation of any of the provi-sions
of the Labor Law. If violations are found appropriate
action is taken in each case to secure compliance.
. The inspectors are frequently called upon by employers and
employees for information and interpretations of the Law.
There has been a decrease in the number of complaints (both
anonymous and signed) received during this biennium largely
due to the fact that we have made more routine inspections and
working conditions generally are better than they have been in
the past. Another contributing factor is that due to the scarcity
of labor because of the war practically all persons who desire
employment can secure it and many employers have better jobs
to offer than ever before due to the increase in salaries.
i.;-.,-^ •*/,., CONFERENCES
Our inspectors keep in close touch with conditions and prob-lems
which may affect employers, employees and the general
public. Hence, they spend considerable time calling on public
officials in every county and city. These officials are county
superintendents of public welfare, mayors, sheriffs, managers
of public employment offices, prosecuting attorneys, officials of
labor organizations, secretaries of chambers of commerce, sec-retaries
of merchants' associations, and other civic and com-munity
leaders interested in the general welfare of the people.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 21
Many of these people are vitally interested in the improvement
of working conditions in their communities and furnish our in-spectors
with information which is of great assistance. * .
A total of 1,279 such conferences were held by our inspectors
during the biennial period.
As we maintain headquarters with branch offices in each in-spection
district employers and employees are able to contact
the inspectors in their respective districts and many of them
take advantage of this opportunity to secure information per-taining
to both State and Federal Laws. •;^: :i
PROSECUTIONS
It is the policy of the Department to secure compliance with
the provisions of the Child Labor Law and the Maximum Hour
Law through cooperation rather than by resorting to legal ac-tion.
However, where violations appear to have been wilful legal
action is taken as provided by statute. Establishments are never
prosecuted unless previous inspections have been made and the
management informed of the provisions of the labor laws by
one of our inspectors, i ;
During the past two years 17 prosecutions have been insti-tuted
to secure compliance with the laws. Sixteen of these were
for violations of the State Child Labor Law and one prosecution
was for violation of a section of the maximum hour law which
prohibits the discharge of employees for testifying against an
employer in a court action. In all of the cases except one convic-tions
were secured.
The establishment prosecuted for discharging employees is
a retail store while the establishments prosecuted for child labor
violations were a sundry shop, two variety stores, five bowling
alleys, one cafe, one grocery store, one dry cleaning plant, two
bakeries, one drug store, a fish and oyster house and an ice and
fuel company. ; 's^: ;;- ; •;
:
> BUREAU OF ELEVATOR INSPECTION >
During the biennial period the Bureau of Elevator Inspections
has operated very successfully and we have received full co-operation
from the manufacturers as well as from the owners
and operators of elevators. It is vitally important that the lives
of elevators be prolonged as far as possible especially for the
duration of the existing emergency as there is such a great
22 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
demand for this type material. With this thought in mind our
elevator inspector has made a special endeavor to inspect more
often the elevators which were found to be most hazardous and
has only condemned the elevators that were beyond repair. In
all cases where we have recommended major repairs or replace-ment
of elevators priorities have been awarded by the proper
government agency.
The services rendered by the Bureau of Elevator Inspections
have helped prevent accidents by making recommendations for
repairs on unsafe conditions found on inspection. Therefore,
the hazard to the public has been lessened, resulting in fewer
accidents.
The following report of our activities for the past two years
only includes the activities of our specialized elevator inspector
and does not include minor recommendations and compliance
obtained through the efforts of our general factory inspectors
in connection with their routine inspections.
Inspection of existing installations 1,232
Recommendations 739
Compliances 687
Approval of plans and permits granted for new elevator installations . 136
Inspection and test of new elevator installations and Certificates of
Compliance issued 107
Inspections of major repairs to existing elevators 39
BUREAU OF BOILER INSPECTION
The North Carolina Boiler Law was enacted to provide for
the safety of life and the protection of property, and to provide
rules and regulations for the safe construction, use and opera-tion
of steam boilers in North Carolina. This law is strictly a
safety measure and it keeps the loss of life and property damage
from boiler explosions to a minimum.
It is illegal to operate any steam boiler in excess of 15 pounds
per square inch in North Carolina without a valid inspection
certificate. These certificates are issued after a boiler has been
inspected and any necessary repairs, required by law to insure
reasonable safety, have been made. However, there are hundreds
of boilers in the State today operating without legal certificates
due to the fact that we do not have State Boiler Inspectors to
make inspections of the uninsured boilers in the State. The two
inspectors whom we had are both serving the Navy, and it has
been impossible to replace these inspectors at the salary which
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 23
is set up in the State Law. Yet we have never been in greater
need of boiler inspectors than at the present time due to the
increasing power demands from industries engaged in war pro-duction,
scarcity of essential materials, and the gradual inflow
of non-code constructed boilers. With higher pressures and in-creased
demands upon boilers operating at a maximum capacity
greater hazards are created than would exist in normal times.
Our policy in the past has been for the State Boiler Inspectors
and the Insurance Boiler Inspectors to instruct owners in the
safe care and operation of steam boilers which in numerous
cases has prevented explosions. Insured boilers are regularly
inspected and are usually kept in good condition. Many un-insured
boilers are not in a safe condition because the shortage
of inspectors, due to the lack of funds, prohibits the Bureau of
Boiler Inspection from giving them the attention they should
receive. .
-'" ]''/,".:
Considering the shortage of inspectors this Bureau has oper-ated
successfully beyond our expectations. Owners and opera-tors
of boilers throughout the State have been most cooperative
in complying with the provisions of the Boiler Law and the
rules and regulations promulgated by the Board of Boiler Rules.
Five hundred new boilers have been added to our list of 6,466,
bringing the total number of inspected boilers in the State to
6,966. Twelve of these boilers have been condemned during this
biennium.
24 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
SCHEDULE OF FEES AS PROVIDED IN THE NORTH ; :
. ,' ! m ::]
CAROLINA STATE BOILER INSPECTION LAW:
Special Inspections $20.00 per day
Special Inspections 15.00 one-half day
External Inspections (Boilers 30 inches in diameter
and under) 3.00 each
External Inspections (Boilers over 30 inches in
diameter) 4.00 each
Internal Inspections (Boilers 30 inches in diameter
and under) 4.00 each
Internal Inspections (Boilers over 30 inches in '" '
diameter) 6.00 each
Certificates of Competency 1.00 each
Certificates of Operation 1.00 each
Following is a report of the Bureau of Boiler Inspection for
the biennium 1942-44: , ,
NUMBER OF RECORDED BOILERS:
Insured Boilers 5,343
Uninsured Boilers (not inspected) 1,623
Total 6,966
Amount
REVENUE COLLECTED: Number Collected
Special Inspections 1 $ 25.20
External Inspections 5 18.00
Internal Inspections 43 147.00
Certificate Fees, including fees licensed ;
,
inspectors 6,686 6,686.00
Total Amount Collected - $ 6,876.20
EXPENSE:
Attending Board Meetings $ 32.43
Salary Principal-General Clerk 3,130.00
Salary Stenographer 2,050.00
War Bonus 540.00
Office Supplies and Printing 109.58
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 391.10
General Expense, Bonding Employees 15.92
Office Equipment 7.19
Total Expense ....- $ 6,276.20
Appropriated $ 3,225.00
Collections 6,876.20
Total Income - _ $10,101.20
Less: Total Expense - - 6,276.20
Amount Reverted _.__. _ .$ 3,825.00
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 25
BUREAU OF MINES AND QUARRIES
As mentioned in the previous biennial report North Carolina
has been called upon to produce all the mica possible as well as
various other strategic minerals found to exist in this State.
There has been a great increase in the demand for mica from
North Carolina mines as the majority of the mica produced
in the United States is now being produced in a few counties
in the western part of the State. Prior to the declaration of
war the chief source of supply of mica was imported from
India and Madagascar and since this supply has been curtailed
due to shipping conditions North Carolina has produced more
mica than any other state in the union.
There is a continued effort being made to further increase
mica production and the Federal Government has loaned its
assistance by providing financial aid and the necessary mining
equipment in order to stimulate mining activities.
In addition to the development of mica mining there have
been increased activities in other type mines such as copper,
lead, zinc, tungsten, olivine, talc, coal and sand and gravel
quarrying.
Due to the increased demand for mica a considerable number
of small operators have begun prospecting employing from three
to ten persons and in many cases no safety precautions are taken
in order to prevent accidents. The majority of these new mine
operators are not aware of the requirement that we be notified
in order that an inspection may be made before operations are
begun although the provisions of the State Labor Law require
that this Department be so notified.
According to our records there are approximately 250 min-ing
enterprises in the mica field in addition to other mine and
quarry operations so it can be readily seen that our two mine
inspectors have a big assignment—making inspections pertain-ing
to safety and health of all mine and quarry operations.
26 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE I
NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN NORTH CAROLINA MINES, QUARRIES AND PLANTS
REGULARLY INSPECTED BY DIVISION OF STANDARD AND INSPECTIONS
Tabulated According to Types of Industry
Number of
Establish-ments
Inspected
Number of Employees
Industry Total
Em-ployees
White Colored
Men Women Men Women
Total all Mines and Quarries 585 6,542 4,387 795 1,357 3
Total Mines 527 4,186 3,206 786 191 3
Mines
Mine Plants and Mills
485
42
2,821
1,365
2,686
520
33
753
102
89 3
46 1,997 996 8 993
42
4
1,888
109
900
96
5
3
983
Quarry Plants and Mills 10
12 359 185 1 173
ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM—JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944
Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Orders Noted
Violations of Labor Laws and Codes
Industry Total
Viola-tions
Child
Labor
Hour Time
Records
Toilet Seat First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Codes
Mines, Quarries, Sand and
Gravel Pits . - _ . _ 927 3 2 38 68 33 783
C. L. Violations shown on C. L. Sheet.
CORRECTIONS REPORTED DURING THE BIENNIUM-JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944
Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Corrections Reported
Corrections of Labor Laws and Codes
Industry Total
Correc-tions
Child
Labor
Hour Time
Records
Toilet Seat First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Codes
Mines, Quarries, Sand and
Gravel Pits.. --- *1,192 4 2 49 75 44 1,018
C. L. Corrections shown on C. L. Sheet.
Compliances exceed number of orders issued due to the number of compliance visits during this biennial period
for violations previously reported.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 27
1 o M r^c |
OCLC Number-Original | 1607814 |