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BIENNIAL REPORT
OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JULY 1. 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944
ISSUED BY
THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
FORREST H. SHUFORD. Commissioner
RALEIGH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Letter of Transmittal 5
Recommendations of Commissioner of Labor 7
Report of Expenditures 12
Division of Standards and Inspections 14
Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections 16
Bureau of Elevator Inspections 21
Bureau of Boiler Inspections 22
Bureau of Mines and Quarries 25
Conciliation Service Division 29
Division of Statistics and Publications 32
Division of Apprenticeship Training 69
Bureau of Labor for the Deaf 71
Veterans' Service Division 76
.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Honorable J. M. Broughton,
Governor of North Carolina,
Raleigh, North Carolina.
Members of the General Assembly
OF THE State of North Carolina.
Gentlemen :
I respectfully submit the biennial report of the North Carolina
Department of Labor for the biennium July 1, 1942 to June 30,
1944.
In transmitting this report to you I want to acknowledge the
fine cooperation and assistance of the heads of the different divi-sions
of the Department of Labor which made possible the
showing we have made in this biennium.
Your very truly,
Forrest H. Shuford,
Commissioner of Labor.
BIENNIAL REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER OF LABOR
Raleigh, N. C.
Honorable J. M. Broughton,
Governor of North Carolina,
Raleigh, North Carolina.
Sir:
As provided under Section 7310(c) of the Consolidated
Statutes of North Carolina, the annual report of the Commis-sioner
of Labor shall be "made on or before January first of the
year in which the General Assembly shall be in session" and
"shall be accompanied by recommendations of the Commissioner
of Labor with reference to such changes in the law applying to
or affecting labor conditions as the Commissioner may deem
advisable."
The activities of the Department are adequately covered in
the reports submitted to me by the heads of the various divi-sions,
which reports comprise the main body of this report.
Therefore, I shall confine my statements to a brief summary
of the work of the Department, together with my recommenda-tions
in regard to our needs in order to improve the service of
the Department of Labor and for changes and improvements
in the labor laws which seem to me to be essential in order for
us to function in the manner prescribed by law in the improve-ment
of working conditions. I sincerely trust that you will be
able to pass these recommendations on to the members of the
General Assembly with your endorsement. Since I am aware
of your earnest desire for the needs of the working people of
our State to be efficiently served by just and proper laws, I am
confident that my recommendations are in accord with your
opinions and desires.
In the biennial report covering the period July 1, 1940 to June
30, 1942 I expressed the opinion that, while it behooves . every
agency to do the very best job possible with the least expense,
in view of the rising cost of living it was necessary to increase
the salaries paid State employees. The action of the General
8 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
Assembly in granting a bonus was gratifying. It is my earnest
\j conviction that this temporary bonus should be made a perma-nent
part of the State employees' salaries and, if possible, their
salaries further increased.
NEEDED LEGISLATION
Due to the differential in earnings between industrial and
mercantile employees engaged in intrastate employment and
those engaged in interstate employment, it is felt that enact-ment
of minimum-wage legislation is needed. I wish to direct
your attention to several reasons supporting my feeling
:
1. Minimum-wages tend to eliminate unfair competition be-tween
the employer in a manufacturing industry who sells
his goods in many States, covered by the Federal law, and
the employer in the same business who sells all his goods
within the State, not covered by the Federal law.
2. Experience gained in the administration of the Federal
Wage and Hour Law indicates that it is a measure to which
business generally can adopt itself without undue hardship.
3. Such legislation would offer reasonable assurance against
the need for subsidization by social agencies or public
works of employees in ordinary occupations.
4. It would provide for veterans of the present war, and
others, some assurance of employment at better than sub-sistence
wages.
5. Over one-half of the States have enacted minimum-wage
legislation and have found same beneficial.
6. While minimum-wage legislation ordinarily does not cover
agricultural workers, it will increase the wages of cov-ered
low income groups. Statistics show that the income
of both of these groups closely parallel each other, so that
benefits received by industrial workers indirectly benefit
all other workers.
The need of provision for voluntary arbitration panels as a
means of democratically disposing of post-war labor-manage-ment
problems which have failed of settlement through bargain-ing
and conciliation is desirable. The probability that the War
Labor Board will cease to function after the war makes this
need even more pronounced and is in line with your oft ex-pressed
opinion that the State should give to its citizens a bet-ter
government through state agencies.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 9
division of standards and inspections
Mr. Lewis P. Sorrell, Chief of the Division of Standards and
Inspections, had made a full report of the work of that Division.
I direct your attention to the increase in the number of viola-tions
of Labor Laws and Codes discovered during the biennium
and likewise to the increase in corrections of these violations
that were secured. I believe that I am correct in stating that
this increase is to be attributed more to the increased effective-ness
of inspections than to any increase in flagrant violations
of the law.
Following the trend established during the 1940-1942 bien-nium
there has been a further reduction of complaints received
and investigated during the past biennium. This trend is in
my opinion but another indication of the increased effectiveness
of the work being done by this Division.
The continued importance of mica mining in this State has
placed quite a burden on the two mining inspectors. During the
past four years the number of mines in North Carolina has
more than trebled, with the greatest increase occurring in the
war necessary mica mines.
CONCILIATION SERVICE DIVISION
The report of Frank Crane, Conciliator, is his first report
covering a full biennial period, the Division having been estab-lished
in March, 1941. His report is extremely gratifying. Some
strikes occurred in North Carolina, a fact which is to be
regretted, but through the work of this Division and the coop-eration
of the United States Conciliation Service these strikes
and work stoppages which would have seriously interfered
with our production program have been held to a minimum.
The creation and preservation of good relations between Labor
and Management constitute an important function of this Di-vision.
I am proud to state that such relations do exist in North
Carolina. • _
DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND PUBLICATIONS
It is the responsibility of the Division of Statistics of the De-partment
of Labor to collect and compile statistical information
relating to labor and laboring conditions in our State. During
the biennium covered by this report this Division has materially
increased the scope of its endeavors.
10 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
Employment and pay roll data are now used to estimate total
manufacturing employment in the State. In addition data are
now being taken from inspection records that will reveal the
number of employees in North Carolina by race and sex. This
same data will provide information concerning the number of
employees in manufacturing by shift.
The Division continues to supervise the issuance of employ-ment
certificates to minors and to compile data on the age, sex,
occupation, industry, and education of these minors.
The Division continues to collect data on building construc-tion
in North Carolina. While of little value at the present time
due to the fact that construction is limited to that necessary in
the war effort, these data in normal times provide an important
indication of business conditions.
The Division has during the biennium compiled a directory
of manufacturing firms located in North Carolina. This direc-tory
is now in the hands of the printer and will be available soon.
It lists all known manufacturing firms in the State in two sep-arate
lists: one list is prepared by counties and one list is pre-pared
by type of industry on a state-wide basis.
The Division hopes to compile during the coming biennium,
personnel and funds being available, data on the cost of living
in North Carolina and occupational wages for at least the more
important industries in the State.
DIVISION OF APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING
This Division becomes increasingly important as more and
more veterans of the war return. Engaged for the past two
years in securing training for workers needed in war plants,
the Division now looks forward to a program of training vet-erans
in peace-time occupations.
No one can anticipate what program or programs may be es-tablished
by Federal Agencies to carry out this training pro-gram.
Rather than await developments it is my feeling that
the Apprenticeship Training Division must prepare to lead the
way in this important field. Should other agencies develop some
plan of training we should and will be prepared to cooperate
in any manner possible.
BUREAU OF LABOR FOR THE DEAF
The report of J. M. Vestal, Chief of the Bureau of Labor for
the Deaf, is of great interest. Employers who had previously
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 11
refused to employ deaf persons have been forced by war condi-tions
and the shortage of labor to make concessions to these
handicapped persons. The concession has been mutually bene-ficial
and the Bureau will attempt to see that it remains so.
During the past biennium Federal Aid to this Division was
withdrawn; the service rendered by the Bureau to the deaf
people of this State should not be permitted to suffer as a result
of this action on the part of the Federal Government.
VETERANS' SERVICE DIVISION
The services rendered veterans of all wars and the dependents
of deceased veterans of all wars, is set forth in the report of
Frank M, Sasser, State Service OfRcer. The importance of this
division and its work at present cannot be overstated. No effort
is too great that insures returning veterans of this present
conflict every possible benefit to which they may be entitled
by law.
The establishment of branch offices of this Division at stra-tegic
points throughout the State was necessary. Every effort
must be exerted to see that these offices render to the veterans
in each of North Carolina's one hundred counties the service
expected of them. Every veteran must have the opportunity
to perfect his claims without undue expense or delay.
12 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
REPORT OF EXPENDITURES, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
1942-1943
Appropriation—Chapter 107; P. L. 1941 $ 85,689.00
Federal Wage and Hour Payments 113,838.53 1.
Contingency and Emergency Fund .._. 6,715.00
Vocational Education—Bureau for the Deaf ._ _ 2,241.88
Employees' War Bonus 7,950.00 '
Refund of Expenditures 759.99
$217,194.40
Expenditures $206,714.97
Refund of Expenditures 759.99 $207,474.96
Balance $ 9,719,44
Purposes
Administration $ 12,534.12
Veterans' Service OfRce 12,623.02
Statistical Division 2,594.75 ''' ' -
'
Standards and Inspections 154,506.59
Employment Service 4,533.60 ...
Supplies and Materials 1,813.94
Apprenticeship Training 3,962.25
Conciliation Service 6,255.71
Employees' War Bonus 7,890.99
$206,714.97
Objects
Salaries and Wages $148,624.64
Supplies and Materials 335.30
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 3,886.25
Travel Expense 41,141.97
Printing and Binding 1,588.69
Repairs and Alterations 249.19
General Expense 2,162.32
Equipment 835.62
Employees' War Bonus 7,890.99
$206,714.97
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 13
REPORT OF EXPENDITURES, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
1943-1944
Appropriation—Chapter 530; P. L. 1943 $137,045.00
Federal Wage and Hour Payments 114,572.24
Vocational Education—Bureau for the Deaf 1,769.34
Refund of Expenditures 594.64 $253,981.22
Expenditures $226,189.42
Refund of Expenditures ._.__ 594.64 $225,784.06
Balance $ 27,197.16
Purposes
Administration —- $ 12,523.83
Veterans' Service Office _— 14,044.12
Emplojmient Service 4,112.40
Statistical Division 6,577.59
Standards and Inspections 60,440.72
Wage and Hour 107,139.53
Supplies and Service 2,228.83
Apprenticeship Training 4,960.03 ,
Conciliation Service 6,453.07
Employees' War Bonus 7,709.30
$226,189.42
' '
' Objects
Salaries and Wages $156,448.90
Supplies and Materials 478.75
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 4,418.36
Travel Expense 42,045.65
Printing and Binding 2,007.78
Repairs and Alterations 305.25
General Expense 2,798.56
Equipment 1,734.27
Employees' War Bonus 15,951.90
$226,189.42
-it.- ii.\
'/;!''.
14 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
DIVISION OF STANDARDS AND INSPECTIONS
Lewis P. Sorrell, Chief Inspector
The Division of Standards and Inspections is responsible for
seeing that all Labor Laws, rules and regulations concerning
the safety and welfare of employees are effectively and impar-tially
administered.
In the Division there are four Bureaus, namely: .-...'
The Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections . .
The Bureau of Boiler Inspections
The Bureau of Elevator Inspections
The Bureau of Mine and Quarry Inspections.
In addition to the enforcement of the State Labor Law and
the rules and regulations pertaining to the above Bureaus, the
Division is responsible for making inspections and investiga-tions
of establishments subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act
of 1938 and the Public Contracts Act for the purpose of deter-mining
compliance with the provisions thereof. This inspection
responsibility is pursuant to a State-Federal Agreement entered
into between the North Carolina Department of Labor, the
Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions and the Chil-dren's
Bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor. Since April
1941 the Department has been responsible for the administra-tion
of these Federal laws in North Carolina with the aid of a
Federal Unit assigned to the Department by the Wage and Hour
and Public Contracts Divisions and the Children's Bureau. Un-der
this responsibility the Division of Standards and Inspections
makes all investigations and inspections for the purpose of de-termining
compliance with the Federal laws. The Division has
also during the biennial period conducted surveys and inven-tories
for the various Federal war agencies.
The first year of the biennium the pay roll inspectors made
investigations of complaints and routine assignments pertain-ing
to the Federal Wage and Hour Law. The other group of
inspectors classified as joint inspectors were responsible for
making investigations in connection with Wage and Hour work
and also for safety and health inspections and enforcement of
State Maximum Hour and Child Labor Laws in all establish-ments
in their respective districts. In addition to the above
groups of inspectors the Legislature provided for three addi-tional
inspectors who were given the responsibility of mak-
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 15
ing inspections of establishments in intrastate business not cov-ered
by the provisions of the Federal Wage and Hour Law
consisting chiefly of mercantile, restaurant, and service estab-lishments.
At the beginning of the second year of the biennium
our inspectors were reclassified to some extent and the pay roll
inspectors were charged with the responsibility of making in-vestigations
and pay roll inspections in connection with both the
Federal Wage and Hour Law and the State Labor and Child
Labor Laws in establishments engaged in interstate commerce.
Our joint inspectors as mentioned above are now classified
as senior factory inspectors and have the responsibility of mak-ing
safety and health inspections for the Federal Public Con-tracts
Division as well as for the State in establishments en-gaged
in interstate commerce. Our other group of inspectors
classified as junior factory inspectors are charged with the re-sponsibility
of making inspections of service establishments,
mercantile establishments, restaurants, etc., engaged in intra-state
business only. This change in program did not get under
way until about September 1, 1943.
Due to the increased volume of inspections and the fact that
we are doing safety work in connection with the administration
of the Federal Public Contracts Act under the State-Federal
Cooperative Agreement our work has increased considerably
with regard to State office work.
You will note in this report that there has been a considerable
increase in the number of permits issued for the employment
of male adults eighteen years of age and over to exceed the
provisions of the maximum hour law as provided by statute.
There has been an increase in office work brought about by mod-ification
of the maximum hour and child labor laws under the
provisions of the Governor's Emergency War Power Proclama-tion
Act.
During the biennium the work of the Division has progressed
very satisfactorily. The reclassification or reorganization of
inspectors in September 1943 has resulted in a considerable in-crease
in the number of inspections made over the previous
year during the same period of time. However, we have had a
considerable turn-over in personnel and it has been very dif-ficult
to replace our more technically trained personnel such as
boiler inspectors and for the entire biennium we have not had
a boiler inspector as both our inspectors are in the armed serv-ices.
16 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
The mining industry in this State has been most active and
this is particularly true with the mica mining industry as this
State is the chief source of mica production in the United States
and mica is classified as one of the most essential minerals used
in the prosecution of the war program.
The Elevator Bureau has been operating very satisfactorily
even though there have been restrictions on materials necessary
for repairs and improvements of elevators.
The Division is working to maintain the best possible condi-tions
of safety and sanitation and to enforce the State Labor
Laws and the provisions of the Federal Fair Labor Standards
Act.
BUREAU OF FACTORY AND MERCANTILE INSPECTIONS
The State is divided into seven inspectional districts with a
senior inspector directing the State inspectional work in each
district. Three of these district offices operate as branch offices
with a supervising inspector directing the Federal work. These
senior and supervising inspectors are charged with the respon-sibility
of directing and planning the work of other inspectors
in their respective districts in connection with the joint State-
Federal inspections as prescribed by the agreement.
The Bureau of Factory and Mercantile inspections is con-cerned
with the maintenance of safe and sanitary working con-ditions
in every place in the State. To the same extent that we
are interested in sanitary working conditions, we are interested
in safe physical conditions. It is as essential for hazardous
machines, belts, pulleys, etc., to be guarded as it is for clean
toilets or for sanitary drinking water facilities to be maintained.
It is likewise as essential for an employer to keep an adequate
first aid kit with trained personnel to use such equipment, and
to utilize every available means in making employees safety
conscious, as it is to provide guards for hazardous machines.
In most establishments the primary work of the safety in-spector
is to advise and discuss with the management the most
practical methods of carrying out the Industrial Code provi-sions.
Many employers do not have to be "sold" on the idea of
providing satisfactory working conditions, nor are enforcement
measures necessary in order to secure compliance with the pro-visions
of our Code. They are anxious to make improvements
which are beneficial. However, there are other employers—
a
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 17
minority group—who resist all efforts of an inspector to secure
voluntary compliance with the Labor Laws and the safety and
sanitary regulations, who will violate the law even though in-spections
are made as frequently as our personnel permits.
With this type employer it is often necessary to resort to the
courts to secure compliance with the State Labor Laws, as less
drastic measures will not secure the desired results.
In January 1943 our junior and senior factory inspectors
had the benefit of attending a special safety training school con-ducted
by Mr. R. P, Blake, Senior Safety Engineer of the Di-vision
of Labor Standards of the United States Department of
Labor. Classroom work, as well as practical inspections of sev-eral
establishments selected for this purpose, was the basic
part of this training program. Moreover, there have been var-ious
meetings and conferences held with the pay roll and super-vising
inspectors concerning Wage and Hour and Public Con-tracts
work during this biennium.
ESTABLISHMENTS INSPECTED, SPECIAL PERMITS ISSUED, AMOUNT
OF RESTITUTION AND NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS MADE
RELATIVE TO OUR AtlREEMENT WITH THE WAGE
AND HOUR AND PUBLIC CONTRACTS DIVISION
During this biennium we have made 12,421 inspections.
Two thousand seven hundred and forty-one special permits were
issued for the employment of male adults to work in excess of
the provisions of the State Maximum Hour Law as prescribed
by statute. Eighty-four special permits were issued allowing
female minors sixteen and seventeen years of age to work after
10 P. M. as permitted under the Governor's Emergency War
Power Proclamation which became effective May 1943.
In connection with the agreement between this Department
and the Federal Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divi-sions
3,633 inspections were made with 2,032 violations found.
These inspections resulted in .$435,410.25 restitution being paid
to 16,408 employees. This involved 935 establishments. Dur-ing
the fiscal year 1943-1944 a total of 428 public contract in-spections
were made concurrently with the above mentioned
inspections and 534 investigations were made in connection
with the War assignment program for one of the Federal War
agencies.
18 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
ORDERS ISSUED FOR COMPLIANCE WITH LABOR LAWS
U.\' AND CODES ,; ,;•,
During the biennial period the inspectors of this Division
reported a total of 8,006 business establishments which were
not complying- with the State Labor Laws and Codes, The vio-lations
reported consisted of child labor violations, insanitary
toilets, failure to provide separate toilets for sexes and races,
hour violations, failure to provide seats for female employees,
failure to have the proper first aid equipment for the use of
workers, failure to have employees trained to administer first
aid, and for not having posted copies of labor laws and schedules
of work hours. Establishments not meeting the Industrial Code
requirements were most frequently reported for unsafe working
conditions. These conditions include slippery floors, unguarded
machinery, improper exits, unsafe elevators, etc.
''"'
The following tables present a study of the types of violations
noted in the past biennial period and of the compliance reported
for the same period of time. The orders issued for corrections
and the compliance reported are tabulated according to industry
classifications.
ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM—JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944
Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Orders Noted by Industry
Violations or jabor Laws and Codes
• Industry Total
Viola-tions
Child
Labor
Hour Time
Records
Sanita-tion
Seat First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Codes
Cotton Mills 2,653
852
23
96
589
1,311
1,779
245
2,002
16,551
1,585
360
5,753
108
237
161
1
40
84
158
147
28
365
13,265
454
195
3,688
25
64
18
4
2
324
104
6
8
77
227
189
39
242
295
215
26
257
19
20
4
76
32
31
14
1
ie"
27
57
50'
74
34
7
42
3
1,897
Hosiery Mills .
,
517
Woolen Mills 15
Silk Mills 1
10
29
43
87"
226
69
38
213
9
6
27
1
25
392
105
16
193
3
3
7
10
7
1
6
39
2
1
2
2
3
25
28
57
3
48
39'
3
16
4
41
Cordage and textile products
Furniture _,.
369
826
Crates, barrels, etc. 1,252
Tobacco products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Mercantile establishments—
.
Laundries
173
1,179
2,260
667
74
Restaurants, workshops, etc.
Canneries
1,342
43
33 , 907 18.848 807 775 2,028 104 334 356 10,655
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 19
COMPLIANCE WITH ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM-JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30. 1944
Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Corrections Reported bt Industry
Corrections ok Labor Laws and [!odes
Industry Total
Correc-tions
Child
Labor
Hour Time
Records
Sanita-tion
Seat First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Codes
Cotton Mills 963
376
6
31
275
814
620
112
967
13,138
668
185
3,884
61
100
115
1
1
76
127
55
16
155
10,595
202
94
2,564
22
29
15
1
1
132
46
2
5
49
134
55
15
106
213
84
15
132
9
8
1
30
12
13
6
1
--
16
23
26'
64
19
3
23
1
650
180
2
Silk Mills 1
2
4
2
..
27
1
i"
2
10
17
14
1
24
13"
3
9
2
22
Cordage and textile products 3
21
26
59'
192
37
21
158
10
8
1
14
292
49
10
111
2
130
493
437
79
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Mercantile establishments—
.
580
1,756
263
39
Restaurants, workshops, etc.
Canneries
886
15
Grand Total 22,100 14,123 571 491 997 50 137 200 5,531
CHILD LABOR
The Division of Standards and Inspections is responsible for
the enforcement of the Child Labor Law and the inspectors are
always on the alert for violations either on the streets, in fac-tories
or in stores and workshops. Under the general supervi-sion
and direction of the Department of Labor the County Su-perintendents
of Public Welfare issue all employment certifi-cates.
When minors are found employed without employment
certificates the employer and the minor are informed of the
necessary forms to be executed and referred to the County
Superintendent of Welfare for certification before further em-ployment
is allowed. Where wilful violations of any provisions
of the law occur appropriate legal action is taken to secure com-pliance.
You will note there has been a considerable increase in the
number of child labor violations over those shown for the pre-vious
biennium. The major part of these violations were caused
by failure to obtain employment certificates, failure to keep
time records and failure to keep posted schedules showing the
hours of work of the minors employed. There were a number
of violations found where minors under eighteen years of age
were working in establishments selling alcoholic beverages, but
in most of these cases the employers were not aware that this
type employment was prohibited.
The report of the Statistical Division will show that the num-ber
of employment certificates has more than doubled over the
20 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
past biennium. The main contributing factor to this is our
labor shortage on account of the war which makes it necessarj^
for employers to use the services of minors in occupations classi-fied
as nonessential and unskilled. I might add, however, that
our compliances are considered normal in comparison with the
rapid changes in personnel in practically all establishments as
well as the confusion confronting us today and misinterpreta-tion
of various regulations before receiving correct information
from our inspectors.
COMPLAINTS
We have in the past two years received and investigated a
total of 75 complaints alleging violations of the State Law and
Codes such as excessive working hours for males, females and
minors, insanitary and insufficient toilet facilities, or seats for
female employees and complaints alleging unsafe or unhealthful
working conditions. Complaint investigations are given priority
where the allegations indicate a violation of any of the provi-sions
of the Labor Law. If violations are found appropriate
action is taken in each case to secure compliance.
. The inspectors are frequently called upon by employers and
employees for information and interpretations of the Law.
There has been a decrease in the number of complaints (both
anonymous and signed) received during this biennium largely
due to the fact that we have made more routine inspections and
working conditions generally are better than they have been in
the past. Another contributing factor is that due to the scarcity
of labor because of the war practically all persons who desire
employment can secure it and many employers have better jobs
to offer than ever before due to the increase in salaries.
i.;-.,-^ •*/,., CONFERENCES
Our inspectors keep in close touch with conditions and prob-lems
which may affect employers, employees and the general
public. Hence, they spend considerable time calling on public
officials in every county and city. These officials are county
superintendents of public welfare, mayors, sheriffs, managers
of public employment offices, prosecuting attorneys, officials of
labor organizations, secretaries of chambers of commerce, sec-retaries
of merchants' associations, and other civic and com-munity
leaders interested in the general welfare of the people.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 21
Many of these people are vitally interested in the improvement
of working conditions in their communities and furnish our in-spectors
with information which is of great assistance. * .
A total of 1,279 such conferences were held by our inspectors
during the biennial period.
As we maintain headquarters with branch offices in each in-spection
district employers and employees are able to contact
the inspectors in their respective districts and many of them
take advantage of this opportunity to secure information per-taining
to both State and Federal Laws. •;^: :i
PROSECUTIONS
It is the policy of the Department to secure compliance with
the provisions of the Child Labor Law and the Maximum Hour
Law through cooperation rather than by resorting to legal ac-tion.
However, where violations appear to have been wilful legal
action is taken as provided by statute. Establishments are never
prosecuted unless previous inspections have been made and the
management informed of the provisions of the labor laws by
one of our inspectors, i ;
During the past two years 17 prosecutions have been insti-tuted
to secure compliance with the laws. Sixteen of these were
for violations of the State Child Labor Law and one prosecution
was for violation of a section of the maximum hour law which
prohibits the discharge of employees for testifying against an
employer in a court action. In all of the cases except one convic-tions
were secured.
The establishment prosecuted for discharging employees is
a retail store while the establishments prosecuted for child labor
violations were a sundry shop, two variety stores, five bowling
alleys, one cafe, one grocery store, one dry cleaning plant, two
bakeries, one drug store, a fish and oyster house and an ice and
fuel company. ; 's^: ;;- ; •;
:
> BUREAU OF ELEVATOR INSPECTION >
During the biennial period the Bureau of Elevator Inspections
has operated very successfully and we have received full co-operation
from the manufacturers as well as from the owners
and operators of elevators. It is vitally important that the lives
of elevators be prolonged as far as possible especially for the
duration of the existing emergency as there is such a great
22 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
demand for this type material. With this thought in mind our
elevator inspector has made a special endeavor to inspect more
often the elevators which were found to be most hazardous and
has only condemned the elevators that were beyond repair. In
all cases where we have recommended major repairs or replace-ment
of elevators priorities have been awarded by the proper
government agency.
The services rendered by the Bureau of Elevator Inspections
have helped prevent accidents by making recommendations for
repairs on unsafe conditions found on inspection. Therefore,
the hazard to the public has been lessened, resulting in fewer
accidents.
The following report of our activities for the past two years
only includes the activities of our specialized elevator inspector
and does not include minor recommendations and compliance
obtained through the efforts of our general factory inspectors
in connection with their routine inspections.
Inspection of existing installations 1,232
Recommendations 739
Compliances 687
Approval of plans and permits granted for new elevator installations . 136
Inspection and test of new elevator installations and Certificates of
Compliance issued 107
Inspections of major repairs to existing elevators 39
BUREAU OF BOILER INSPECTION
The North Carolina Boiler Law was enacted to provide for
the safety of life and the protection of property, and to provide
rules and regulations for the safe construction, use and opera-tion
of steam boilers in North Carolina. This law is strictly a
safety measure and it keeps the loss of life and property damage
from boiler explosions to a minimum.
It is illegal to operate any steam boiler in excess of 15 pounds
per square inch in North Carolina without a valid inspection
certificate. These certificates are issued after a boiler has been
inspected and any necessary repairs, required by law to insure
reasonable safety, have been made. However, there are hundreds
of boilers in the State today operating without legal certificates
due to the fact that we do not have State Boiler Inspectors to
make inspections of the uninsured boilers in the State. The two
inspectors whom we had are both serving the Navy, and it has
been impossible to replace these inspectors at the salary which
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 23
is set up in the State Law. Yet we have never been in greater
need of boiler inspectors than at the present time due to the
increasing power demands from industries engaged in war pro-duction,
scarcity of essential materials, and the gradual inflow
of non-code constructed boilers. With higher pressures and in-creased
demands upon boilers operating at a maximum capacity
greater hazards are created than would exist in normal times.
Our policy in the past has been for the State Boiler Inspectors
and the Insurance Boiler Inspectors to instruct owners in the
safe care and operation of steam boilers which in numerous
cases has prevented explosions. Insured boilers are regularly
inspected and are usually kept in good condition. Many un-insured
boilers are not in a safe condition because the shortage
of inspectors, due to the lack of funds, prohibits the Bureau of
Boiler Inspection from giving them the attention they should
receive. .
-'" ]''/,".:
Considering the shortage of inspectors this Bureau has oper-ated
successfully beyond our expectations. Owners and opera-tors
of boilers throughout the State have been most cooperative
in complying with the provisions of the Boiler Law and the
rules and regulations promulgated by the Board of Boiler Rules.
Five hundred new boilers have been added to our list of 6,466,
bringing the total number of inspected boilers in the State to
6,966. Twelve of these boilers have been condemned during this
biennium.
24 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
SCHEDULE OF FEES AS PROVIDED IN THE NORTH ; :
. ,' ! m ::]
CAROLINA STATE BOILER INSPECTION LAW:
Special Inspections $20.00 per day
Special Inspections 15.00 one-half day
External Inspections (Boilers 30 inches in diameter
and under) 3.00 each
External Inspections (Boilers over 30 inches in
diameter) 4.00 each
Internal Inspections (Boilers 30 inches in diameter
and under) 4.00 each
Internal Inspections (Boilers over 30 inches in '" '
diameter) 6.00 each
Certificates of Competency 1.00 each
Certificates of Operation 1.00 each
Following is a report of the Bureau of Boiler Inspection for
the biennium 1942-44: , ,
NUMBER OF RECORDED BOILERS:
Insured Boilers 5,343
Uninsured Boilers (not inspected) 1,623
Total 6,966
Amount
REVENUE COLLECTED: Number Collected
Special Inspections 1 $ 25.20
External Inspections 5 18.00
Internal Inspections 43 147.00
Certificate Fees, including fees licensed ;
,
inspectors 6,686 6,686.00
Total Amount Collected - $ 6,876.20
EXPENSE:
Attending Board Meetings $ 32.43
Salary Principal-General Clerk 3,130.00
Salary Stenographer 2,050.00
War Bonus 540.00
Office Supplies and Printing 109.58
Postage, Telephone and Telegraph 391.10
General Expense, Bonding Employees 15.92
Office Equipment 7.19
Total Expense ....- $ 6,276.20
Appropriated $ 3,225.00
Collections 6,876.20
Total Income - _ $10,101.20
Less: Total Expense - - 6,276.20
Amount Reverted _.__. _ .$ 3,825.00
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 25
BUREAU OF MINES AND QUARRIES
As mentioned in the previous biennial report North Carolina
has been called upon to produce all the mica possible as well as
various other strategic minerals found to exist in this State.
There has been a great increase in the demand for mica from
North Carolina mines as the majority of the mica produced
in the United States is now being produced in a few counties
in the western part of the State. Prior to the declaration of
war the chief source of supply of mica was imported from
India and Madagascar and since this supply has been curtailed
due to shipping conditions North Carolina has produced more
mica than any other state in the union.
There is a continued effort being made to further increase
mica production and the Federal Government has loaned its
assistance by providing financial aid and the necessary mining
equipment in order to stimulate mining activities.
In addition to the development of mica mining there have
been increased activities in other type mines such as copper,
lead, zinc, tungsten, olivine, talc, coal and sand and gravel
quarrying.
Due to the increased demand for mica a considerable number
of small operators have begun prospecting employing from three
to ten persons and in many cases no safety precautions are taken
in order to prevent accidents. The majority of these new mine
operators are not aware of the requirement that we be notified
in order that an inspection may be made before operations are
begun although the provisions of the State Labor Law require
that this Department be so notified.
According to our records there are approximately 250 min-ing
enterprises in the mica field in addition to other mine and
quarry operations so it can be readily seen that our two mine
inspectors have a big assignment—making inspections pertain-ing
to safety and health of all mine and quarry operations.
26 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE I
NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN NORTH CAROLINA MINES, QUARRIES AND PLANTS
REGULARLY INSPECTED BY DIVISION OF STANDARD AND INSPECTIONS
Tabulated According to Types of Industry
Number of
Establish-ments
Inspected
Number of Employees
Industry Total
Em-ployees
White Colored
Men Women Men Women
Total all Mines and Quarries 585 6,542 4,387 795 1,357 3
Total Mines 527 4,186 3,206 786 191 3
Mines
Mine Plants and Mills
485
42
2,821
1,365
2,686
520
33
753
102
89 3
46 1,997 996 8 993
42
4
1,888
109
900
96
5
3
983
Quarry Plants and Mills 10
12 359 185 1 173
ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM—JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944
Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Orders Noted
Violations of Labor Laws and Codes
Industry Total
Viola-tions
Child
Labor
Hour Time
Records
Toilet Seat First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Codes
Mines, Quarries, Sand and
Gravel Pits . - _ . _ 927 3 2 38 68 33 783
C. L. Violations shown on C. L. Sheet.
CORRECTIONS REPORTED DURING THE BIENNIUM-JULY 1, 1942 TO JUNE 30, 1944
Tabulation Shows Number and Types of Corrections Reported
Corrections of Labor Laws and Codes
Industry Total
Correc-tions
Child
Labor
Hour Time
Records
Toilet Seat First
Aid
Drink-ing
Water
Codes
Mines, Quarries, Sand and
Gravel Pits.. --- *1,192 4 2 49 75 44 1,018
C. L. Corrections shown on C. L. Sheet.
Compliances exceed number of orders issued due to the number of compliance visits during this biennial period
for violations previously reported.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 27
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Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 29
ACCIDENT REPORTS OF MINE AND QUARRY OPERATIONS FOR THE CALENDAR YEARS
1942 AND 1943
Total
Lost Time
Not
Compensable
Lost Time
Compensable
Fatal Minor
Mines... 206
509
82
75
39
98
173
18
5
3
''8
Quarries
Sand and Gravel
90
25
Total ..... . .. 797 357 289 8 143
CONCILIATION SERVICE DIVISION
Frank Crane, Conciliator
Herewith is the first Biennial Report of the Conciliation
Service since established by the General Assembly in March
1941.
The statistical information given in the following three tables
shows the situations (controversies, threatened strikes, strikes)
coming to the attention of the Conciliation Service and/or the
United States Conciliation Service and industries affected, work-ers
involved in all situations, work stoppages with workers
involved and approximate number man-days lost during the
fiscal years.
Reciprocal relations of the fullest cooperation and collabora-tion
with the United States Conciliation Service have continued
and been integrated towards the minimization of delay and du-plication
of mediation matters. This arrangement has enabled
the expeditious handling of controversies and/'or proper chan-neling
of issues of inter-agency nature and interest.
Work stoppages during the period were ordinarily of from
one to three days duration and did not directly or primarily
delay production going into the war effort. The paramount issue
in the majority of the situations and cessations was that of
wages and/or piece rates and work loads relating thereto. In
several strikes workers seeking wage increases or feeling that
voluntary applications were inadequate and/or unnecessarily
delayed by employer or War Labor Board dalliance, and at a
loss as to procedure, spontaneously stopped work hoping to
force action or focus attention on their problem. Several com-panies
were confronted with recurring strikes as worker ex-pression
of dissatisfaction with the delay of the War Labor
30 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
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Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 31
Board or Board decisions on controversial issues and wartime
wage stabilization policy. The two months during the fiscal year
1943-44 indicating pyramiding of production loss involved a
three week work stoppage in a textile plant over a complex
work load-wage issue and eighteen work days were lost in a
tobacco company over a union-shop issue. Both companies em-ploy
between 2,000 and 2,500 employees and these two strikes
represented over half of the total man-days lost during the
fiscal year.
TABLE II'
NUMBER WORKERS INVOLVED IN STATE SITUATIONS COMING TO ATTENTION NORTH
CAROLINA CONCILIATION SERVICE AND/OR UNITED STATES CONCILIATION SERVICE
DURING BIENNIUM 1942-44 BY MONTH OF BEGINNING AND FISCAL YEAR
MONTH
1942-43 1943-44
No.
Workers
Involved No.
Workers
Involved
TOTAL . 132 87,723 242 121,959
July 14
11
13
7
11
5
11
9
9
16
6
20
3,972
6,735
2,235
25,907
5,488
1,014
6,120
2,579
7,224
9,707
974
15,768
14
24
25
26
22
19
19
17
24
18
19
15
3,602
August . .. - - 9,660
18,481
October . 21,165
16,952
2,633
January . 9,705
8,159
17,074
April _ .- - ... 5,963
3,896
June 4,669
•Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; United States Conciliation Service; North Caro-lina
Conciliation Service and unpublished data.
TABLE III*
STRIKES IN NORTH CAROLINA DURING BIENNIUM 1942-44
BY MONTH OF BEGINNING AND FISCAL YEAR
1942-43 1943-44
MONTH .... . ,
No.
Workers
Involved
Man-Days
Idle
(All Strikes) No.
Workers
Involved
Man-Days
Idle
(All Strikes)
TOTAL 48 12,575 59,004 59 16,980 113,347
July
.August. ..
9
2
3
1
1
2,081
322
249
45
350
8,801
344
1,087
90
2,100
350
8,082
381
1,145
105
16,758
19,761
6
8
3
4
2
2
5
8
5
6
5
5
2,370
2.227
244
3,953
146
103
588
4,768
350
892
960
379
7,364
6,838
September
October
November
742
41,551
486
155
January _
.
February
March
4
3
2
3
9
11
1,497
349
125
37
1,826
5,634
1,330
9,042
37,751
April 2,157
May . 5,354
June _ ... 577
•Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; United States Conciliation Service; North
Carolina Conciliation Service and unpublished data.
32 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND PUBLICATIONS
The Division of Statistics of the Department of Labor is
charged with the responsibility of collecting, assorting, sys-tematizing
and printing all statistical details relating to all di-visions
of Labor in North Carolina and particularly concerning
the following: The number of persons employed and the sex
thereof ; the hours of labor and the average wages earned ; and
the general fluctuation in employment and pay rolls of the in-dustries
of the State.
The Division of Statistics consists of the following personnel
:
One Senior Statistician, two Senior Statistical Clerks, one Key-
Punch Operator and one Junior Stenographer. The Bureau of
Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, through a coopera-tive
agreement, furnishes the Division with one Statistical Clerk
to assist in the collection and compilation of pay roll and em-ployment
data which are used by both the Federal and the State
Departments.
During the biennium the Division has grown from two clerks
to its present size. International Business Machine equipment
is now being utilized to record on punch cards all employment
and pay roll, building, and child labor data. In addition punched
cards are used to record data from inspections made by inspec-tors
of the Division of Standards and Inspections. At the pres-ent
time all tabulations for the Division are prepared by the
Tabulating Section, Statistical Division, Unemployment Com-pensation
Commission. It is hoped that the Department of
Labor may soon acquire its own tabulating equipment. Indica-tion
of the growth that has taken place in each of the Division's
fields of endeavor is given in the following paragraphs.
Child Labor: All permits for employment of minors are re-viewed
by the Division. Monthly reports are tabulated accord-ing
to county, age, sex, industry, occupation, evidence of age
and last grade completed in school. In addition to the county
breakdowns, there are five city areas tabulated in the same
manner.
Building Construction: A monthly survey of building con-struction
is made for 63 towns in North Carolina with a popu-lation
over 2,500. In return for furnishing this information
to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor,
the Division is given the franking privilege for collecting these
data.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 33
Bulletin: In April, 1944, this Division took over the publica-tion
of the ni;onthly bulletin, North Carolina Labor and Industry.
This publication contains reports and tables of the data collected
by the Department of Labor, and news of interest to the man-agement
and the workers in North Carolina industries.
Emploijment and Pay Rolls: The North Carolina Consoli-dated
Statute 7310, Sections (d) and (e), gives the Department
of Labor the authority to collect the actual employment, pay roll
and man-hours from North Carolina firms. This information
covers at the present time some 1,800 representative manufac-turing
and non-manufacturing industries. The North Carolina
Department works in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, in the collection and
compilation of these data.
Inspections: Monthly records of number of plants, number
of employees, sex and color, and number of minors, made by
the inspectors of the State Department are kept and tabulated
in the Division.
^
Listing: During the Biennium the Division has compiled a
list of manufacturing firms located in North Carolina. This list-ing
is made both by industry by county and by industry without
regard to county. The approximate employment and the ad-dress
of firm is indicated.
STATISTICAL AIMS
The Division is now engaged in the preparation of estimates ^
of total manufacturing employment in North Carolina and esti-mates
of total manufacturing pay rolls. It is hoped that these
figures may soon be released monthly in the Department publi-cation
replacing the present method of reporting only those
firms included in our sample.
The Division further contemplates the early compilation of
data relating to cost of living in North Carolina. Present sur-veys
being made by agencies of the Federal Government are
inadequate to reflect the complete picture in North Carolina.
CHILD LABOR IN NORTH CAROLINA
NUMBER OF CERTIFICATES ISSUED
^
The following tables give the number of employment cer-tificates
issued to minors 12-17 years of age during the biennial
34 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
period, from July 1, 1942, through June 30, 1944. The tabula-tions
are according to sex and age. Minors under 16 years of
age may not be employed except during vacation and outside
school hours during the school term. The only employment al-lowed
for minors 12 and 13 years of age is the sale and distri-bution
of newspapers, periodicals and magazines by boys only.
A total of 111, 948 certificates were issued to minors 12-17
years of age during the biennial period. Of this number, 72,509
entered full-time employment and 38,542 entered part-time or
vacation employment. There were 897 certificates issued for
newsboys, 12 and 13 years of age. Table Number I shows the
total number of minors tabulated according to kind of certificate
issued, age and sex, entering both regular and part-time employ-ment
in North Carolina.
TABLE I
'- TOTAL ALL CERTIFICATES FOR MINORS 12-17, INCLUSIVE .'';' ''
IssT'ED FROM July 1, 1942
—
June 30, 1944 . .
.
Total Boys Girls
1942 22,683
57,405
31,860
12,255
35,526
21,238
10,428
1943. _.. 21,879
1944 10,622
Grand Total 111,948 69,019 42,929
TOTAL ALL CERTIFICATES ISSUED FOR MINORS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE
JuLT 1, 1942—June 30, 1944
Total
First Regular Reissued Regular Vacation and Part-Time
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
1942
1943
1944
17,968
45,859
25,488
6,433
18,236
8,737
3,645
9,763
4,642
1,677
7,407
5,554
691
3,445
2,279
1,743
3,555
2,685
3,779
3,453
1,591
TOTAL ALL CERTIFICATES ISSUED FOR MINORS 14 AND 15 YEARS OF AGE
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944
. Total Boys Girls
1942. 4,445
11,107
6,184
2,132
5,889
4,074
2,313
1943 5,218
1944...- 2,110
TOTAL ALL CERTIFICATES ISSUED FOR NEWSBOYS 12-13 YEARS OF AGE'
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944
Total Boys
1942 270
439
188
270
1943 439
1944 . 188
*The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and
periodicals, No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 35
Iv>>. INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN
CERTIFIED FOR EMPLOYMENT
In Table II is found a breakdown under three divisions of the
industries employing minors during the biennial : namely, con-struction,
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing. Nonmanu-facturing
includes wholesale and retail trade ; agriculture, fores-try
and fishing ; transportation, communication and other public
utilities ; personal, business and recreational services ; and other
industries. The table shows that of the 89,315 minors 16 and 17
years of age entering industry either for full-time or for part-time
employment, 1,334 entered construction work, 56,662 en-tered
manufacturing industries, and 31,319 entered nonmanu-facturing
industries,
TABLE II V INDUSTRY EMPLOYING MINORS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE ',
/.''
;• July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944
First Reoular Certificates
Grand
Total
1942 1943 1944
Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls
Total 51,456 10,078 6,433 3,645 27,999 18,236 9,763 13,379 8,737 4,642
Construction. _
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
983
37,663
12,810
72
7,227
2,779
69
5,381
983
3
1,846
1,796
446
20,914
6,639
431
14,435
3,370
15
6,479
3,269
465
9,522
3,392
461
6,243
2,033
4
3,279
1,359
Reissued Regular Certificates
Grand
Total 1942 1943
Total
Construction
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
21,053 2,368
214
15,086
5,753
23
1,622
723
10,852
83
7,906
2,863
7,833
108
5,558
2,167
Vacation and Part-Time Certificates
Grand
Total 1942 1943
Total
Construction
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
16,806
137
3,913
12,756
5,522
29
381
5,112
7,008
72
1,745
5,191
4,276
36
1,787
2,453
36 Biennial Report of the Department op Labor
LAST GRADE COMPLETED BY MINORS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE
Table III shows the grade completed by minors 16 and 17
years of age, entering full-time employment for the first time.
Of the 51,456 receiving first regular employment certificates,
1,993 completed the 12th or higher grade, 19,167 the 9th, 10th
or 11th grade, 7,198 the 8th grade, 8,488 the 7th grade and
14,610 the 6th or lower grade.
:.;i (JA H'.;;u-.;rr! u S ^;,v;:r^ . table ill --'^ '^'!
LAST GRADE COMPLETED BY MINORS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE
'' First Regular
i':.h.'':. bjAiyiU:} •;: ' jult i, 1942—June 30, i944 ;
>
' ^T' -'K):;?. ry\'^'}j
Grand
Total 1942 1943 1944
Total 51,456 10,078 27,999 13,379
6th or lower -_
7th -
14,610
8,488
7,198
19,167
1,993
2,694
1,747
1.364
4,062
211
8,283
4,725
3,982
9,985
1,024
3,633
2,016
8th __ 1,852
9, 10, 11th
12th or higher
5,120
758
NUMBER OF CERTIFICATES ISSUED IN EACH COUNTY IN
NORTH CAROLINA
Tabulated according to kind of certificate, age and sex, Table
IV gives the number of certificates issued in each County in
North Carolina. The Superintendents of Public Welfare, who
are the authorized certificating officials, have the responsibility
of issuing the employment certificates. -
,•;.;
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 37
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38 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
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Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 39
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40 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
CERTIFICATES ISSUED IN FIVE CITY AREAS
OF NORTH CAROLINA
In Table V are found the number of certificates, kind, age,
sex and industry employing minors 16 and 17 years of age in
North Carolina city areas : Asheville, Charlotte, Durham,
Greensboro and Winston-Salem. Included also are the number
of certificates issued minors 14 and 15 years of age, and news-boys
12 and 13 years of age for these cities.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 41
TABLE V
EMPLOYMENT OF MINORS IN
ASHEVILLE, CHARLOTTE, DURHAM, GREENSBORO AND WINSTON-SALEM
JuLT 1, 1942—June 30, 1944
ASHEVILLE
Total All Certificates fob Minors 12-17 Years or Age
Total Boys Girls
Grand Total _.. 2,230 1,355 875
1942
1943 _
1944..
490
1,056
684
225
626
504
265
430
180
Total All Certificates Issued FOR Minors 16-17 Years of Age
Total
First Regular Reissued Regular
Vac<.tion and
Part-Time
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
1942 _ 322
709
504
70
253
177
89
158
76
11
54
94
16
33
21
39
77
84
97
1943 134
1944 52
Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age
Total Boys Girls
1942.
1943
1944
165
320
168
102
215
137
63
105
31
Total All Certificates Issued for Newsbotb 12-13 Years of Age*
Total Boys
1942 3
27
12
3
27
12
1943
1944...
Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age
First Regular
Grahd
Total
1942 1943 1944
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Total . . 823 70 . 89 253 158 177 76
Construction 6
363
454
1
130
122
1
63
94
4
108
65
Manufacturing
Nomnanufacturing
13
57
12
77
37
39
Reissued Rbqvlar
Grand Total 1942 1943 1944
Total 229 27 87 115
Construction 3
101
125
2
Manufacturing 4 62
Nonmanufacturing 23 50 52
Vacation and Part-Time
Grand Total 1942 1943 1944
Total. 483 136 211 136
Construction
Manufacturing iK 1
Nonmanufacturing. 4^ 135 1 202 100
*The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals.
No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age.
42 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE V—Continued
CHARLOTTE
Total All Certificates for Minors 12-17 Years of Age
Total Boys Girls
6,029 3,626 2,403
1942 _
1943___ _.__-
1944
1,217
3,243
1,569
619
1,989
1,018
598
1 ,254
551
Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 16-17 Years of Age
Total
First Regular Reissued Regular
Vacation and
Part-Time
Boys Girls- Boys Girls Boys- Girls
1942 883
2,526
1,198
165
512
200
138
330
148
110
486
262
29
210
83
143
.539
306
298
1943 449
1944 _ . - 199
Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age
Total Boys Girls
1942 . .__i.-
1943
268
707
371
135
442
250
133
?65
1944 121
Total All Certificates Issued for Newsboys 12-13 Years of Age*
Total Boys
1942 " " 66
10
fifi
1943 - . 10
1944 - -----
Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age
Grand
Totaj
First Regular
1942
Boys Girls
1943
Boys Girls
1944
Boys Girls
Total-
Construction
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing-
1,493
2
891
600
370
142
184
146
- 1
119
Reissued Regular
Grand Total 1943
Total.
Construction
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing-
1,180
3
654
523
1
418
277
168
177
TotaL
Construction
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing-
Vacation and Part-Time
-Grand-Total
1,934-
3
460
1,471
1942
441
1
37
403
1943
1
251
736
595
1
172
332
•The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals.
No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 43
TABLE V—Continued
DURHAM
Total All Certificates for Minors 12-17 Years of Aqe
Total Boys Girls
3,580 2,275 1,305
1942 --- 637
1,582
1,361
345
975
955
292
1943 - 60V
1944 _ - 406
Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 16-17 Years of Age
1942—
1943___
1944-__
Total
373
937
First Regular
Boys
37
236
244
Girls
18
102
Reissued Regular
Boys
28
136
195
Gir:s
Vacation and
Part-Time
Boys
116
202
164
Girls
163
209
125
Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age
Total Boys Girls
1942 231
578
453
131
334
305
100
1943 . 244
1944 . 148
Total All Certificates Issued for Newsboys 12-13 Years of Age*
Total Boys
1942 33
67
47
33
1943 - 67
1944 . 47
Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age
First Regular
Grand
Total
1942 1943 1944
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Total 725 37 18 236 102 244 88
3
315
407
1
8
28
2
107
127
MaDufacturing-
Nonmanufacturing.
2
16
33
69
149
95
16
72
Reissued Regular
Grand Total 1942 1943 1944
Total - --- 467 39 188 240
1
198
268
1
84
103
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing.
6
33
108
132
Vacation and Part-Time
Grand Total 1942 1943 1944
Total 979 279 411 289
Construction
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
10
137
832
6
5
268
2
92
317
2
40
247
•The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals.
No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age.
44 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE V—Continued
GREENSBORO
Total All Certificates for Minors 12-17 Years of Age
Total Boys Giris
Grand Total 6.172 3,.576 2,596
1942 1,280
3,538
1,354
679
2.100
797
601
1943
1944
1,438
557
Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 16-17 Years of Age
Total
First Regular Reissued Regular
Vacation and
Part-Time
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Boys
1942 1,101
2,919
1.045
437
1,079
410
305
714
264
112
535
108
83
312
95
53
110
95
111
1943 - 169
1944 73
Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age
Total Boys Girls
1942 --- 168
572
291
66
302
166
102
1943 270
1944 - 125
Total All Certificates Issued for Newsboys 12-13 Years of Age*
Total Boys
1942 .- -- 11
47
18
11
1943 47
1944 18
Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age
First Regular
Grand
Total
1942 1943 1944
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Total 3,209 437 305 1,079 714 410 264
7
2,060
1,142
2
374
61
5
277
128
131
174
764
315
376
338
138
Nonmanufacturing 126
Reissued Regular
Grand Total 1942 1943 1944
Total --- 1,245 195 847 203
Construction
Manufacturing _
Nonmanufacturing 1
2
747
496
iie'
79
1
528
318
1
103
99
Vacation and Part-Time
Grand Total 1942 1943 1944
Total - 611 164 279 .168
Construction -
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
1
116
494
1
12
152
63
216
.41
126
The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals.
No girls are allowed employment under 14 years of age. • •
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 45
TABLE V—Continued
WINSTON-SALEM
Total All Certificates for Minors 12-17 Ye\rs of Age
Total Boys Girls
6,769 3,974 2,795
1942 - 1,350
3,364
2,055
730
1,879
1.365
620
1943 ---- .----- 1,485
1944 - 690
Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 16-17 Years of Age
Total
First Regular Reissued Regular
Vacation and
Part-Time
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
1942 1,087
2,546
1,495
328
740
329
189
534
193
108
441
376
43
319
157
128
245
295
291
1943 - 267
1944 . - 145
Total All Certificates Issued for Minors 14-15 Years of Age
Total Boys Girls
1942
1943
1944
262
812
560
165
447
365
97
365
195
Total All Certificates Issued For Newsboys 12-13 Years of Age'
Total Boys
1942 1
6
1
1943 - 6
1944
Industry Employing Minors 16 and 17 Years of Age
First Regular
Grand
Total
1942 1943 1944
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girs
Total _ 2,313 328 189 740 534 329 193
2
1,401
910
2
193
133
48
141
521
219
283
251
217
112
139
Nonmanufacturing 54
Reissued Regular
Grand Total 1942 1943 1944
Total 1,444 151 760 533
Construction
Manufacturing
3
826
615
...
84
1
408
351
2
351
Nonmanufacturing-. 180
Vacation and Part-Time
Grand Total 1942 1943 1944
Total ... . 1,371 419 512 440
Construction
Manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
4
334
1,033
1
19
399
1
131
380
2
184
254
*The only work permitted a boy 12-13 years of age is the sale and distribution of newspapers, magazines and peri-odicals.
No girls are aUowed employment under 14 years of age.
46 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 47
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF
NORTH CAROLINA
July 1942-June 1944
From 26 principal cities throughout the State, reports re-ceived
by the Department of Labor show that a total of $10,194,-
095 was spent on building construction in the past biennial
period. This is a decrease of 74.7 per cent from the previous
biennium, which reflects the curtailment of building due to the
war. The report shows that $3,223,054 was spent for residential
building; $3,155,743 for non-residential building; and $3,715,298
for additions, alterations and repairs. 9,642 permits were issued
during the biennial period.
The tables which follow give a detailed report of construction
in the 26 North Carolina cities having a population over 10,000.
In Table I are the figures for the estimated cost of building
construction, number of permits issued for private construction,
and number of families provided for. Table II gives the type
of building construction reported. In Table III is a comparison
of building construction work for the July 1940-June 1942 period
and the July 1942-June 1944 period.
TABLE I
Private-|- Residential
Non-
Residential
Cost
Additions
Alterations
and Repairs
Cost
Number Cost Cost
Number of
Families
Provided for
Total
Total 947 $ 2,477,458 $ 3,223,054 1,217 $ 3,155,743 1 3,715,298 $ 10,094,095
Asheville
Bur ington
13
33
17
5
259
113
192
12
181
13
2
11,275
156,300
39,825
1,775
865.025
391,115
193,996
19,200
662,495
9,429
3,250
11,325
276,300
39,825
1,775
1,121,421
391,115
194,396
169,200
876,995
9,429
3,250
13
99
17
6
335
113
194
72
232
13
4
88,982
9,400
302,852
9,6.50
44,835
209,795
71,051
15,200
213,142
44.074
17,100
6,315
81,922
59,880
13,145
123,680
347,751
3,780
102,525
78,970
6,778
5,500
835
1,004,148
32,245
262,188
188,745
1,150
371,353
37,586
196,596
19,615
180,426
51,730
38.505
235,248
7,488
44,370
432,279
89,890
46,195
76.315
127,390
10,515
25,205
103,409
22,459
1,800
12,385
528,705
33.003
832,936
289,052
286,850
714,030
Concord
Durham
Elizabeth City
Fayetteville
Gastonia
49,011
1,362,852
620,525
445,873
236,130
Goldsboro
Greensboro
GreenviUe
1,128,642
288,751
27,838
50,685
High Point
Kinston
6
16
3
7
14
2,200
8,650
4,400
13,000
2,875
2,200
8,650
4,400
13,000
5,125
6
16
3
7
24
516,401
158,420
Lexington
New Bern
Raleigh
63,740
212,995
480,266
14,295
Rocky Mount
Salisbury
Shelby
5
4
5,700
1,148
5,700
1,148
5
4
133,430
183,527
29,237
Statesville 2 1,800 1,800 2 9,100
13,220
Wilmington
Wilsoh
Winston-Salem
41
6
3
77,000
1,900
5,100
79,000
1,900
5,100
42
6
4
1,611,853
67,148
1,100,224
-fOne-Family Dwellings ;Totals Included in New Residential Buildings.
48 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
•?;> ;".:UJ'f' ;5/,'?'^i:'^f 'T TABLEII '' n:-P'-:y< v > V'-ri-iX^^i
Type of Building Construction Reported July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944, in the
North Carolina Cities, With Population Over 10,000
Residential Buildings:
One-family dwellings __.
Two-family dwellings _._
One-family and two-family dwellings with stores or shops therewith
Multi-family (three or more families) dwellings
Other nonhousekeeping dwellings
Total _
Non-Residential Buildings:
Amusement and recreation places
Churches
Factories, bakeries, ice plants, laundries, and other workshops
Garages, public
Garages, private (when separate from dwelling)
Gasoline and service stations
Institutions
Office buildings, including banks
Public works and utilities
Schools
Sheds, poultry houses, contractors' temporary offices, etc.
Stables and barns
Stores and other mercantile buildings
All other nonresidential
Total
Additions, Alterations, and Repairs:
On Residential Buildings:
Housekeeping dwellings^
Nonhousekeeping dweLings
On nonresidential buildings ^
Total
No. Cost
893 $ 2,201,708
54 275,750
3 2,400
46 638,146
2 105,050
998 $ 3,223,054
16 $ 118,021
40 130,670
81 766,865
42 37,282
363 60,476
3 1,100
11 660,901
28 219,817
17 565,911
3 60,490
199 27,597
34 9,686
196 439,785
91 67,142
1,124 $ 3,155,743
5,384 $ 1,521,837
420 223,090
1,716 1,970,371
7,520 1 3,715,298
TABLE III
SUMMARY OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WORK IN 21 IDENTICAL CITIES
July 1940—June 1942 July 1942—June 1944
Number of Buildings Estimated Cost
Kind of Construction
1940-1942 1942-1944
Percentage
Change 1940-1942 1942-1944
Percentage
Change
Total __. 16,435 9,642 —41.3 $43,241,124 $10,094,095 —74.7
Residential buildings 6,561
1,926
7,948
998
1,124
7,520
—84.8
—41.6
—5.4
24,346,689
11,985,582
6,908,853
3,223,954
3,155,743
3,715,298
—86.8
Non-residential buildings
Additions, alterations, and
repairs
-73.7
—46.2
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 49
employment and pay rolls
Figures on employment, hours and pay rolls, compiled from
a representative sample of manufacturing and nonmanufactur-ing
firms in North Carolina, are listed on the following pages.
These figures are based, for the most part, on data published
monthly in our bulletin. North Carolina Labor and Industry.
In Table I are the estimates of total nonagricultural employ-ment
combined for the State of North Carolina, the South At-lantic
States, and the United States, by months for the two-year
period, July 1942-June 1944.
Table II shows the number of firms reporting, number of
employees, average weekly earnings, average hours worked per
week, and average hourly earnings in the sample for all manu-facturing
for North Carolina by months.
Tables III through XVIII show the number of firms report-ing,
number of employees, average weekly earnings, average
hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings for these
principal manufacturing industries in North Carolina: Brick,
Tile and Terra Cotta; Cotton Goods; Cottonseed Oil; Dyeing
and Finishing; Fertilizer; Furniture; Full-Fashioned Hosiery;
Seamless Hosiery ; Flat Knit Goods ; Lumber ; Paper Box ; Print-ing
and Publishing; Pulp Mills; Rayon Goods; Tobacco Prod-ucts;
and Woolen Mills.
Table XIX gives the number of firms reporting, number of
employees, average weekly earnings, average hours worked per
week, and average hourly earnings in the sample for all non-manufacturing
for North Carolina by months.
m Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
< ; : TABLE I /^ : ;
ESTIMATES OF NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN NONAGRICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENTS
(To Nearest Thousand)
-..': " .
.
United States, South Atlantic States AND North Carolina -
'"
.
.
' By Months .
. : ,
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
All Industry Division Manufacturing
South South
United Atlantic North United Atlantic North
States States Carolina States States Carolina
1942:
July 38,760 4,632 721 15,143 1,609 377
August 39,386 4,754 751 15,519 1,644 378
September __ -- 39,653 4,802 755 15,800 1,662 376
October _ _ __- 39,900 4,831 760 15,956 1.658 379
November. . _ . _ _ _. 39,952 4,856 761 16,128 1,672 385
40.475 4,916 755 16.415 1,687 387
1943:
January _ _ _ _. . 39,364 4,804 737 16,423 1,685 390
February . . 39.344 4,798 739 16,599 1,700 392
39,551
39,724
4.835
4,836
742
739
16,747
16,774
1,707
1,702
394
April _ ..-. . - _ ___ 393
May ___ ..___- 39,674 4,801 731 16,753 1,698 389
June -- -- - - 39,859 4,774 724 16,908 1,698 387
July 39,921 4 , 739 721 17,059 1,712 386
August 39,860 4,733 743 17,182 1,726 384
September _ ._ . _ 39,678 4,7.35 742 17,136 1,723 379
October - 39,718 4,724 744 17,194 1,719 382
November .. _ _.- 39,847 4,736 739 17,238 1,726 384
40,197 4,778 744 17,080 1,725 382
1944:
January .---.----_ 38,965 4,640' 714 16,825 1,701 378
February 38,840 4,632 711 16,735 1,692 376
38,748
38,689
38,684
4,623
4,601
4.581
704
701
699
16,582
16,309
16,128
1,673
1,644
1,629
370
April 368
May _ - _ 366
June 38,743 4,563 696 16,087 1,622 366
Source: United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
South Atlantic States include: Delaware, Maryland, D. C, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro-lina,
Georgia and Florida.
•Excludes: Proprietors, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic servants, Military and Maritime Per-sonnel,
Work Projects Administration and National Youth Adnjinistration Project Workers, and Civilian Conserva-tion
Corps Enrollees.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 51
TABLE II
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS, IN ALL MANUFACTURING,
NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July
August
September
October.-.
November.
December.
1943:
January
February-
March
April
May
June
July .
August
September.
October.-
-
November.
December.
1944:
January __
February..
March
April
May
June
662
733
729
771
862
724
871
936
919
988
980
982
971
1,022
1,017
1,036
1,023
1,035
1,079
1,083
1,078
1,100
1,084
1,118
122,657
149,504
190,191
177,903
211,360
167,628
216,160
223,651
225,442
232,099
231,355
229,288
226,729
251,354
249,224
258,849
260,969
253,460
264.999
261,892
252,684
258,049
251,217
257,718
20.22
22.08
24.44
22.47
22.89
22.98
22.92
23.09'
23.41
23.56
23.93
23.66
23.82
25.94
26.38
26.63
26.74
26.63
26.07
26.81
27.51
27.84
28.20
28.61
39.3
39.8
39.6
40.6
40.0
40.2
39.9
40.2
40.4
40.6
40.9
40.4
39.8
40.4
40.4
41.2
41.3
41.3
40.0
40.8
41.2
40.1
41.0
41.7
51.4
55.3
61.7
55.3
57.1
57.1
57.3
57.3
57.9
57.9
58.5
58.5
59.7
64.0
65.2
64.4
64.6
64.4
65.1
65.6
66.7
69.3
68.8
68.7
*Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data.
52 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE III
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN BRICK, TILE
AND TERRA GOTTA INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July
August
8
10
9
9
8
8
9
11
12
10
11
11
9
10
11
13
12
13
13
12
12
12
13
13
671
736
571
312
521
524
599
604
605
610
613
593
536
566
552
648
639
675
635
581
592
600
581
600
1 15.89
16.22
14.69
13.05
16.98
16.45
17.51
17.69
19.45
19.25
19.59
19.63
17.37
18.76
20.27
20.72
20.15
18.71
17.21
18.49
20.86
19.81
22.47
22.35
38.3
39.2
35.5
31.1
37.6
36.4
37.2
37.5
39.9
39.6
42.0
40.5
36.0
39.2
40.3
42.2
41.0
39.1
37.2
37.9
41.4
38.9
42.8
42.9
41.4
41.3
41.3
October ,
November - -
41.9
45.0
December.
1943:
January ^
45.1
47.0
47.0
March 1 _
.
April
48.6
48.6
46.5
June
July .
48.3
48.2
47.7
September 50.1
October
November . _
December.
1944:
January
49.0
49.0
47.8
46.1
48.7
March
April
50.3
50.8
52.5
June _- .. . 52.1
*Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data.-
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 53
TABLE IV
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING. NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS.
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK. AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN COTTON GOODS INDUSTRIES.
NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month
1942:
July
August
September
October
November
December
1943:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
. October.- _
November
December
1944:
January
February
. March. _.
. April
May
June
Firms
178
205
210
228
279
231
275
284
276
299
292
287
285
294
295
302
299
292
293
303
301
301
301
308
Employees
57,743
69,686
90.838
96,153
116,923
98,585
120.159
119.478
120,009
122.574
120,195
119,451
116,988
118,310
117,771
120,606
121,106
119,419
116,287
118,045
115,524
114,404
113,097
113,765
Average
Weekly
Earnings
19.73
20.87
21.03
21.54
21.89
22.14
22.53
22.72
22.85
22.99
23.41
23.04
22.91
22.28
23.01
23.13
23.35
23.57
23.06
23.49
24.03
24.71
24.82
26.20
Average
Hours Per
Week
39.5
40.0
38.3
40.6
39.6
39.8
40.0
40.5
40.5
40.8
41.3
40.6
39.9
39.5
40.0
40.6
40.8
41.0
40.1
40.8
41.0
40.1
40.4
41.8
Average
Hourly
Earnings
49.8
52.0
54.8
52.9
55.2
55.6
56.3
56.0
56.3
56.3
56.5
56.6
57.2
56.2
57.5
56.8
57.1
57.3
57.4
57.5
58.5
61.5
61.5
62.6
'Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data.
54 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE V
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN COTTONSEED—OIL
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July 7
10
6
6
.7
10
8
7
8
9
9
9
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
91
255
263
315
378
550
352
310
364
371
294
206
308
262
530
701
648
593
749
721
648
562
450
353
S 14.30
17.05
19.13
20.39
19.44
19.55
18.92
19.96
18.44
20.67
20.96
19.00
20.95
21.27
22.06
22.26
22.47
22.92
20.27
21.42
21.08
21.12
23.34
22.97
39.2
42.2
53.3
53.3
53.6
50.7
49.2
50.1
45.0
49.4
48.4
43.2
43.7
44.1
50.2
50.7
50.1
50.9
44.6
46.0
44.9
44.1
45.9
43.9
36.4
40.3
35.8
October
November _ --
December
1943:
38.2
36.2
38.5
38.4
39.8
March
April
May
40.9
41.7
43.2
43.9
July
August --
47.8
48.2
43.9
October..
November
December
1944:
January -.
43.8
44.7
44.9
45.3
February 46.5
March
April
May
June
46.9
47.8
50.9
52.3
*Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 55
TABLE VI
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN DYEING AND FINISHING
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
JvLY 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July --- 18
14
15
18
22
17
18
15
17
18
18
17
17
17
18
18
17
17
19
18
19
19
19
19
4,732
3,048
3,837
4,705
b,014
4,644
4.692
4,378
4,445
4,508
4.530
4.451
4,464
4,185
4,290
4,288
4.253
3,965
4,946
4,791
4,759
4,727
4,656
4,679
$ 20.29
20.38
20.06
22.06
22.99
23.83
22.83
23.24
23.26
23.60
24.41
24.06
21.87
23.38
22.27
23.97
24.19
24.99
24.05
24.21
24.71
24.65
25.57
25.96
38.4
38.1
36.1
39.1
39.8
40.6
39.6
40.7
40.5
41.2
42.0
41.3
38.5
40.5
38.1
40.6
41.1
42.3
39.5
40.6
40.4
38.8
40.3
40.5
.52.8
.53.4
55.5
56.3
57.7
58.5
1943:
January - 57.6
57.0
57.0
April . 57.2
58.0
58.2
July - 56.7
August 57.6
58.3
'58.9
58.7
58.9
1944:
60.8
59.5
61.0
63.3
63.5
64.1
•Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms. Source: U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and Unpublished data.
56 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE VII
NUMBER FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN FERTILIZER
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
JuLr 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July 35
33
35
36
38
22
34
38
38
40
38
39
39
43
42
40
39
40
42
43
42
42
42
43
619
730
978
1,281
1,459
912
1,633
2,153
2,604
2.540
1,514
1,128
1,037
1,149
1,295
1,391
1,651
1,747
1,954
2,149
2,269
2,044
1,563
1,240
S 16.91
16.50
18.16
19.06
18.27
18.49
19.19
20.07
20.06
21.79
19.09
20.25
22.13
22.14
22.65
23.54
22.22
19.69
21.24
21.33
23.19
22.25
24.63
23.89
38.4
36.5
38.7
40.7
39.2
36.6
39.8
41.3
41.1
43.2
38.4
40.2
41.3
41.6
43.8
44.8
42.4
37.8
40.4
40.1
42.3
41.0
44.0
42.1
43.9
45.2
46.8
46.8
46.6
50.4
1943:
48.1
48.5
Mai^ch - - - - 48.7
50.3
49.6
50.2
July --- 53.5
53.1
51.6
52.4
52.3
52.0
1944:
52.5
53.1
54.7
54.1
56.0
56.8
•Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 57
TABLE VIII
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES,
NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
_-''.. Year and Month -.-; Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July - 49
50
48
60
55
41
69
71
64
73
73
75
73
74
71
76
76
73
75
77
78
76
73
74
10,415
10,895
9,804
12,372
10,583
7.895
14,814
15,491
13,513
15,278
15,009
15,069
14,746
14,911
14.250
13,801
14,061
13,614
13,686
13,519
13,589
13,097
12,304
12,791
1 19.95
19.53
20.58
22.06
21.65
22.75
20.56
21.03
21.60
21.59
21.35
22.32
21.39
22.67
22.02
22.76
22.88
23.35
20.89
22.18
22.66
21.59
23.38
23.05
40.4
38.9
40.4
42.6
41.5
43.1
39.7
40.5
41.1
41.1
40.6
41.7
39.9
41.9
40.4
41.1
41.3
41.7
37.8
39.8
40.0
38.0
40.3
39.7
49.2
50.1
September - 50.8
51.7
52.1
52.6
1943:
51.7
51.8
52.5
52.4
52.5
53.5
July 53.5
54.0
54.5
October - 55.2
55.3
55.9
1944:
55.2
55.6
56.6
56.7
58.1
58.1
•Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
58 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE IX
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN FULL-FASHIONED
HOSIERY INDUSTRIES, NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
. Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July 26
39
43
42
49
40
49
57
56
57
57
59
57
61
58
57
59
55
60
59
58
60
52
62
5,584
8,719
10,313
10,754
12,282
8,880
11,109
13,674
13,202
13.170
13,716
13,679
13,481
13,678
13,822
13,938
14,699
12,744
14,102
13,870
13,385
13,605
10,434
13,581
$ 24.13
24.37
24.06
25.53
25.47
26.88
25.31
26.70
27.56
27.04
27.83
27.05
26.76
27.96
27.65
28.63
29.23
28.91
28.66
30.38
29.83
28.51
29.72
30.13
39.0
.33.6
37.6
38.9
38.2
39.4
37.4
38.1
39.2
37.7
38.2
37.5
36.1
37.7
37.6
38.3
38.7
37.6
36.7
38.4
37.8
35.8
37.5
37.6
61.6
72.4
63.9
October 65.5
66.6
68.1
1943:
67.6
70.0
70.2
71.5
72.8
72.1
' July ---- 74.1
73.9
73.4
74.7
75.3
76.7
1944:
77.9
79.1
78.7
79.5
79.3
80.2
*Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 59
TABLE X
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN SEAMLESS HOSIERY
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July_ 76
91
89
88
93
82
105
110
112
119
121
118
113
122
122
121
113
125
123
124
120
124
123
124
10,360
12,489
12,433
10,680
12,369
10,381
15,458
16,617
16,557
17.413
17,240
17,255
15,833
17,737
17,283
17.150
16,711
17,339
17,209
16,584
15,874
16,641
16,309
16,552
S 16.61
18.23
17.78
18.01
18.02
17.61
19.26
19.91
20.04
20.05
19.75
19.60
18.58
19.84
19.84
20.53
20.77
20.62
19.99
20.40
20.22
19.69
20.78
21.06
33.6
29.6
34.9
35.8
35.8
35.3
36.2
37.1
37.1
36.7
36.2
35.8
34.2
35.9
35.6
36.5
37.0
36.7
35.4
35.6
35.5
34.2
35.3
35.6
49.4
61.3
50.8
October 50.3
50.2
December
1943:
49.8
53.1
53.6
March
April
54.0
54.6
54.5
54.7
July 54.3
August 55.1
55.6
October . 55.6
56.0
December, _ . . -
1944:
56.1
56.4
57.2
March L
April
May _
56.8
57.2
58.8
59.1
*Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
60 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE XI
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS.
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN FLAT KNIT GOODS
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Finns Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July 4
4
5
8
8
7
9
10
10
10
10
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
4,045
4,110
4,393
4,740
4,891
3,243
5,030
5,271
5,332
5.382
5,447
5,038
5,110
5,360
5,310
5,291
5,346
5,295
5,239
5,225
5,009
4,932
4,973
4,920
$ 18.79
19.98
20.78
21.74
20.86
20.74
22.46
22.46
21.13
21.28
21.83
21.15
20.67
21.01
21.87
22.48
23.73
22.41
21.90
22.61
22.52
22.61
23.25
22.57
38.9
39.4
39.5
40.7
40.0
39.8
42.0
42.7
40.4
40.8
41.9
40.9
39.9
41.0
41.6
42.5
41.8
40.2
39.4
40.2
39.7
39.3
40.5
39.8
48.2
50.7
52.5
53.3
52.1
51.9
1943:
53.3
52.6
52.1
52.0
52.1
51.6
July 51.7
51.2
52.5
52.7
56.6
55.7
1944:
January - 55.5
56.2
56.6
57.4
57.6
June 56.7
*Data based on reports from a representative .sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-li
shed data.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 61
TABLE XII
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN LUMBER
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
JuLT 1, 1942—JuNX 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
Julv - 45
51
45
57
50
40
54
59
59
62
60
58
57
62
57
59
56
58
61
63
60
64
60
65
4,434
5,237
4,323
4,862
4,173
3,735
4,390
4,961
4,997
5,110
5,042
4,467
3,990
5,241
4,496
4,574
4,646
4,638
4,639
4,801
4,558
4,195
4,016
4,264
$ 19.04
18.52
19.30
18.93
20.37
19.88
19.24
19.48
20.39
20.89
20.80
20.75
21.34
21.51
21.59
22.73
22.45
22.87
22.29
22.22
23.47
23.52
24.84
25.43
42.3
41.6
41.7
40.9
42.7
43.2
40.8
41.4
42.7
43.3
42.8
43.0
42.2
43.1
42.3
44.0
42.8
44.3
43.1
42.5
44.4
44.0
46.1
46.4
44.9
44.5
46.2
October--
November
December.
1943:
46.2
47.6
45.9
47.1
February
March
April
May
46.9
47.6
48.2
48.5
June . _ 48.1
July 50.4
49.8
September . . . 50.9
October
November
51.6
52.3
December. ._ _.
1944:
51.5
51.6
February _ 52.2
March __ 52.7
April
Nlay
June
53.4
£3.9
54.8
•Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
62 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE XIII
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN PAPER BOX
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
JuLT 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month
1942:
July
August
September
October
November
December
1943:
January
February
March
April
May
June •_
July
August
September
October
November
December
1944:
January
February
March
April
May
June
Firms Employees
462
558
642
773
1,175
1,208
1,123
1,034
957
857
1,062
1,074
1,055
1,127
1,085
1,135
1.206
1,214
1,118
1,068
1,015
996
961
1,035
Average
Weekly
Earnings
17.24
19.24
20.46
20.60
19.33
19.72
19.75
19.42
19.33
21.74
20.50
20.73
17.57
20.58
21.29
20.74
21.81
22.55
21.81
21.94
22.67
22.57
23.27
23.32
Average
Hours Per
Week
36.1
38.8
40.7
42.2
41.3
41.7
41.6
40.3
39.4
42.9
40.0
41.2
34.6
40.0
42.3
40.8
41.9
42.8
40.7
40.4
40.9
40.5
39.7
41.0
Average
Hourly
Earnings
47.6
49.5
50.2
48.7
46.7
47.2
47.4
48.2
49.0
50.5
51.2
50.2
50.6
51.3
50.3
50.8
52.0
52.6
53.5
54.2
55.4
55.6
58.6
56.8
*Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturiHg firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 63
TABLE XIV
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN PRINTING AND
PUBLISHING INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
JiLY 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July 22
23
23
23
23
22
22
25
24
27
25
25
27
27
2B
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
26
27
481
570
591
556
571
492
537
668
602
652
553
647
681
686
670
681
691
694
685
682
672
674
648
658
? 32.15
30.90
30.22
29.94
31.49
32.45
32.28
33.12
32.53
32.88
36.63
32.95
33.07
32.81
33.84
33.34
33.73
34.57
34.37
33.79
34.32
34.90
36.19
36.83
38.3
36.1
35.7
36.8
37.4
39.3
38.6
37.8
39.0
39.6
43.9
38.6
38.6
38.3
38.8
38.2
38.6
39.2
39.3
38.7
38.6
38.7
40.5
40.8
83.8
August -- 85.4
84.6
October 81.3
84.1
82.5
1943:
January
February
83.6
87.4
83.3
April -- 82.8
83.4
85.3
July 85.5
August -- 85.4
87.0
October
November
87.1
87.2
88.0
1944:
87.2
87.3
88.7
90.2
89.3
90.4
•Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
64 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE XV
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN PULP MILLS,
NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July ...;.... 5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4,479
4,434
4,384
4,381
3,508
4,506
3,501
3,420
3,388
3,344
3,369
3,385
2,308
3,266
3,154
3,150
3,118
3,089
3,961
3,960
3,930
4,028
4,064
4,132
$ 34.83
33.09
34.51
34.39
34.83
34.99
34.73
35.51
36.27
36.81
36.50
36.32
42.17
39.28
39.09
37.99
37.50
36.77
37.66
37.27
38.70
37.70
39.04
38.49
41.6
40.8
41.6
42.4
42.5
42.9
42.9
43.9
44.4
43.0
43.5
43.1
45.1
44.6
43.3
42.5
42.0
42 5
43.8
43.0
44.9
43.8
44.9
45.2
83.6
81.0
82.7
October
November _
December^ __ -..
1943:
86.4
81.8
81.3
80.8
February _..
March
80.8
81.5
85.4
May __ 83.8
84.2
July 93.4
87.9
September
October
90.2
89.3
89.2
86.3
1944:
85.8
86.5
86.1
86.0
86.9
85.1
•Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 65
TABLE XVI
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK. AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN RAYON GOODS
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
JuLT 1, 1942—June 30, 1944'
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Week
1942:
July.. .-
August .-
13
14
20
16
19
15
20
18
20
21
22
21
19
21
21
22
22
21
22
20
19
22
21
21
4,426
3,857
6,260
4,555
5,628
2,794
7,276
6,260
6,986
7,765
8,317
8,048
7,361
8,188
8,118
8,324
8,342
7,697
8,205
6,283
6,024
7,825
7,152
7,381
1 22.10
23.49
23.86
24.01
25.00
24.31
25.33
24.55
25.24
25.80
25.79
25.57
25.16
25.20
25.36
25.72
24.97
25.94
25.55
25.97
25.89
25.38
27.28
27.52
43.0
45.3
43.5
44.6
44.6
42.0
43.1
41.8
42.3
42.9
43.0
42.0
42.1
42.1
41.9
42.7
41.6
42.7
41.9
42.0
41.9
40.0
42.2
42.9
51.3
51.7
54.7
October 53.8
56.0
December^
1943:
January _-_
57.8
58.7
58.6
March _ _ _
April
May
59.5
60.1
59.9
June _ 60.8
July _.
August ... _
59.7
59.8
September
October
November
December
1944:
January _ _ _.
60.3
60.1
60.0
60.6
60.9
February .. 61.7
March _
April
May
June ... .
61.7
63.4
64.6
64.2
•Data based upon reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
66 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE XVII
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN TOBACCO PRODUCTS
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firms Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July -_- 8
8
8
6
8
6
8
8
8
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10,225
10,586
10,559
7,882
11,023
7,999
11,055
11,042
11,093
9,784
11,405
11,499
11,725
11,978
12,286
12,569
12,756
12,706
12,712
12,484
10,658
12,442
12,952
13,460
$ 29.88
30.34
28.66
28.04
30.01
30.55
28.52
26.22
26.41
27.27
27.85
28.61
31.35
31.05
31.17
30.90
29.63
28.51
28.23
28.11
27.56
28.56
29.04
28.50
40.0
41.2
39.5
40.4
41.3
43.0
40.2
37.7
38.0
39.3
39.7
40.3
44.1
43.0
42.7
42.4
41.5
40.1
39.2
39.2
38.6
38.2
40.2
39.3
74.5
73.6
72.4
69.4
72.5
70.9
1943:
70.8
69.5
69.4
69.3
70.0
70.9
July 71.0
72.1
72.9
72.7
71.3
71.0
1944:
71.8
71.6
71.3
74.6
72.2
72.6
*Data based upon reports from a representative samole of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 67
TABLE XVIII
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN WOOLEN MILLS
NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month Firm? Employees
Average
Weekly
Earnings
Average
Hours Per
Week
Average
Hourly
Earnings
1942:
July
August
September.
October __
November-
December-
1943:
January
February..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November-
December.
1944:
January
February..
March
April
May
June
3,466
3,526
3,587
3,431
3,485
3,562
1,511
3,562
3,642
3,935
4,329
4,366
4,246
3,828
3,815
3,877
3,957
3,945
4,262
4,130
4,145
4,034
4,062
4,133
24.70
24.55
24.28
25.42
25.74
25.90
26.11
24.82
25.24
25.14
25.78
27.87
25.66
25.83
25.65
27.49
27.12
27.68
26.37
26.40
26.73
25.40
27.97
28.33
42.0
41.3
41.0
42.9
42.5
43.0
40.3
40.9
41.4
41.4
41.9
43.9
40.5
41.1
41.0
42.9
42.3
42.9
41.4
41.3
41.1
38.7
41.9
42.4
58.7
59.3
59.1
59.2
60.5
60.2
64.6
60.6
60.8
60.7
61.4
63.3
63.3
62.8
62.4
64.0
64.0
64.3
63.5
63.8
65.0
65.5
66.7
66.8
*Data based on reports from a representative sample of manufacturing firms.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
68 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
TABLE XIX
NUMBER OF FIRMS REPORTING, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS,
AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK, AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN NONMANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
July 1, 1942—June 30, 1944*
Year and Month
1942:
July
August
September
October
November
December
1943:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1944:
January
February
March
April
May
June
Firms
492
485
349
312
393
374
371
402
440
462
466
452
472
535
650
695
673
720
723
721
704
715
730
735
Employees
8,799
8,895
6,243
6,514
8,209
8,779
8,061
9,034
9,007
9,194
10,005
10,302
10,689
11,642
13,346
15,008
15,329
17,454
14,669
14,689
14,210
14,731
14,638
14.676
Average
Weekly
Earnings
17.25
16.29
19.03
18.28
15.68
14.30
19.55
20.52
20.81
20.75
20.94
20.58
21.28
21.59
19.30
19.18
19.37
18.44
20.22
20.53
20.65
20.49
21.02
21.70
Average
Hours Per
Week
38.4
39.3
41.8
41.0
37.2
35.7
42.4
42.4
42.0
42.1
43.0
43.7
43.6
43.8
40.4
39.7
39.3
39.:
40.4
39.9
40.7
39.8
40.2
41.7
Average
Hourly
Earnings
44.8
41.3
45.4
44.5
42.1
40.0
46.0
48.3
49.5
49.2
48.6
47.0
48.7
49.2
47.7
48.2
49.2
47.1
50.0
51.3
50.7
51.4
52.3
52.0
•Data based upon reports from a representative sample of nonminufacturing firms.
Nonmanufacturing includes: Retail, Wholesale, Laundries-dyeing-cleaning, mines and quarries, public utilities
hotels and others.
Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; North Carolina Labor and Industry and unpub-lished
data.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 69
DIVISION OF APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING
The North Carolina Voluntary Apprenticeship Act, Chapter
229, P. L. 1939, created the Division of Apprenticeship.
The North Carolina Apprenticeship Law is designed as a
working- arrangement whereby committees of employers and
employees, working together, may promote the training of young
workers in the skilled trades of industry ; to provide reasonably
continuous employment; to guarantee a living wage and pro-vide
thoroug-h on the job training in all phases of the several
skilled trades, supplemented with related technical training.
The first consideration of the apprenticeship program is the
welfare of the apprentice. It is a known fact that interests of
the employers, employees and the public will be best served
when the interest of the apprentice is constantly in the fore-front.
THE NORTH CAROLINA APPRENTICESHIP COUNCIL
The State Apprenticeship Council is composed of three mem-bers
representing employers, three members representing em-ployees,
who are appointed by the Commissioner of Labor, and
the State Supervisor of Trade and Industrial Education. The
Council members are Forrest H. Shuford, Commissioner of La-bor,
Chairman, George W. Coggin, State Supervisor of Trade
and Industrial Education, Vice Chairman, and
Employer Representatives Employee Representatives
L. P. Kennedy, General Supt. H. L. Riser, 1st Vice President
Norfolk Southern Railroad State Federation of Labor
Raleijrh, N. C. 201 Interurban Avenue
Charlotte, N. C.
^- J- Fox . _ Cy Chisholm, District Vice Pres.
General Contractor State Federation of Labor
Raleigrh, N. C. 222 V2 N. Main Street
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Robt. M. Kermon, Executive Secy. Harry G. Waynick, Secretary
N. C. Association of Plumbing' and Central Labor Council
Heating Contractors 1T)29 South Aycock Street
Raleiffh, N. C. Greensboro, N. C.
C. L. Beddingfield, Secretary and Director of Apprenticeship
70 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
ACTIVITIES
During the biennial July 1, 1942 through June 30, 1944 or-ganized
training programs were started in 87 industrial plants
having war contracts, or sub-contracts. These plants employed
more than 120,000 people. Of this number 12,000 employees
were given one or more short-time training courses, and a large
number were given on the job training courses that enabled
management to up-grade a sufficient number of employees to
fill the gaps caused by induction of key employees into the armed
forces.
The short time training is far short of the major objective
of the State Apprenticeship program. However, the complete
exhaustion of the supply of labor within the apprenticeable
age group made it necessary to develop such training as would
meet the demands of industry in their efforts to produce the
materials demanded by the armed forces.
Knowing these conditions and needs the State Apprentice-ship
Council instructed the Director of Apprenticeship Training
to devote all his efforts in meeting the emergency needs of in-dustry
in the most productive way possible. The results stated
above are the results of these efforts.
The picture is beginning to change at present. With the grad-ual
let-up in the demands from the armed forces and gradual
curtailment of Government contracts, the inquiries are now for
help in organizing long-time apprenticeship training. These de-mands
will increase in number and scope as more of the young
men are discharged from the army. With the rehabilitation
training program set up for servicemen having occupational
disabilities, it appears now that apprenticeship programs will
be necessary in all the plants of the State that deal with the
skilled trades. This means intensified and multiplied activities
in this division, as every energy must and will be utilized to
assist in- every way possible any of the training programs or-ganized
for the benefit of the returning veterans.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 71
BUREAU OF LABOR FOR THE DEAF
J. M. Vestal, Chief
Father Time has rolled in another biennium and the Chief
of the Bureau of Labor for the Deaf respectfully submits his
sixth report covering the period from July 1, 1942 to June 30,
1944. For information which may not be found herein we refer
you to our previous reports.
Created as a division in the North Carolina Department of
Labor under Section 7312 (j) of the Consolidated Statutes of
North Carolina by an Act of the General Assembly in 1923,
this Bureau serves as a clearing house for labor and other prob-lems
of the deaf citizens in this State. From this set-up a vitally
functioning society of self-sustaining citizens has been made
out of a group which might otherwise have become wards of
the court. This division has only two full-time employees, the
Chief and his secretary. The law specifies the duties of this
Bureau but the everchanging conditions of the world have
greatly increased our responsibilities. However, educating and
getting the employing public interested in deaf workers, match-ing
men and jobs and making placements profitable to deaf job
seekers continue to be our chief problems. We are glad to re-port
that we have successfully gone a long way and labor con-ditions
in our State are the best in the history of this Bureau.
The present World War has given the deaf employment in
many lines of work in which they had been refused, and to the
surprise of employers, their accomplishments have been an in-valuable
asset to the war program. The shortage of manpower
has drawn heavily on our applicants and many times we have
not been able to furnish the desired workers as we did not have
them and none could be found.
Time was when the few types of work open to the deaf could
be counted on the fingers, but the situation is different today.
Statistics and information secured by this Bureau in this State
and from others show that the deaf have employment and are
performing efl^cient work in 126 different lines of work. Re-ports
show that there are over 11,000 deaf persons employed
in defense plants in the United States. The best information
secured by this Bureau shows 103 deaf persons working on war
production in our State and 19 from North Carolina are in de-fense
plants in other states. They are working as carpenters,
72 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
building barracks and ships; working as brick and concrete
masons, building air bases, etc. ; working in war plants at the
production of munitions ; working in aircraft plants and are
also filling a variety of skilled and semi-skilled clerical positions
with distinction. This has enabled these workers to invest heav-ily
in war bonds and stamps.
As evidence of the manner in which deaf people are taking
advantage of the opportunities now open to them, permit the
Chief to cite four cases from North Carolina. This Bureau hav-ing
made the necessary arrangements. Miss Nonie Watson began
six months' training in general office work at the Raleigh School
of Commerce. She made good grades on six subjects after which
she stood and successfully passed the Civil Service examination.
With our aid and a Civil Service representative Miss Watson
was sent to Arlington, Virginia, for employment as a business
machine operator and was assigned to work with the War De-partment,
Army Service Forces. She was placed in a "specially
restricted" division and was the first deaf girl to be placed in this
line of work. We had another client, Miss Mary Stevens, who
had some training as typist while in School at Morganton. This
Bureau arranged for her to take four months' training in Ra-leigh.
She completed her training and took the required Civil
Service test, making an eligible grade. This Bureau in co-operation
with a Civil Service representative, placed her as a
numerical card punch operator in the Procurement Division of
the Federal Treasury Department in Washington, D. C. This
client was the first deaf girl to be employed by the Treasury
Department. After graduating from the School for the Deaf
where she had training in typing. Miss Nell Walker with our
assistance was able to secure employment as typist at the Nor-folk
Navy Yard. She is the first and only deaf girl to be em-ployed
by the Navy Yard and is one of the 55,000 employees
working there. This Bureau made arrangements for Miss Violet
Yerton to take training as typist-clerk in the Charlotte Me-morial
Hospital in Charlotte. She developed into a good worker
and later we placed her with the Gibson Plant, Cannon Mills No.
6 in Concord. This client is efficiently operating an electric
billing typewriter.
A table in this report shows that in the past two years we
have placed 77 deaf men and women in gainful employment.
With follow-up visits the Chief has been able to make some
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 73
important adjustments which eventually were of benefit to our
clients in making more progress. These visits have also been
of invaluable aid to both employers and employees in the way
of creating good-will and mutual understanding. Our table also
shows the number placed in various trades during the past two
years. The number may appear small but to place one deaf per-son
is a big and difficult task. The obstacles are many and va-ried.
This Bureau has to remove them before placements can
be made.
In the past two years this Bureau has been affiliated with the
Department of Vocational Rehabilitation and as a result finan-cial
aid for training 19 of our clients was secured. The trainees
today have good jobs. Ten of these girls were placed in the
Charlotte Memorial Hospital—two as typists in the general
office, two in the central medical supply room and six in the
dietary department. After this training two of the clients in
the dietary department were placed with the Casualty Hospital
in Washington, D. C, at good wages, and one was sent to Detroit
to work with her sister in a large hospital there. In cases where
employers were skeptical, financial aid on a fifty-fifty basis was
also secured for from three to six months as an inducement to
employers to hire deaf workers. Also through this affiliation
we were able to assist some of our hard-of-hearing clients to
get hearings aids which they are now wearing with good results.
Our association with the Department of Vocational Rehabili-tation
was pleasant and profitable, but on account of a change
in Federal regulations our affiliation had been cut off at the
end of the past fiscal year. However, we are happy to be able
to carry on with financial aid from our State.
This Bureau has had fine cooperation from the North Caro-lina
School for the Deaf at Morganton. When it comes to em-ployment
the School refers all of its boys and girls to us and
very often assists us in placing the clients. We can not express
too highly our appreciation for the confidence placed in us and
the opportunities to serve. While on trips in the western sec-tion
the Chief has made many visits to the School and these
visits have been very beneficial to all concerned. For example,
at the close of the School in May this year, twelve boys and girls
finished their courses there and this Bureau had jobs waiting
for all of them. They are now at work, having stepped right
out of the school room into the industrial work without loss of
time and effort. The visits to the School have enabled the Chief
74 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
to meet and study the boys and girls, and consequently, the
Chief knew his clients and was able to match them on jobs.
In his contacts with employers the Chief was shown every
courtesy and given every assistance possible for which he feels
very grateful as it has made it possible for him to do his work
well.
Much has been accomplished by this Bureau but there is much
more ahead to be done, especially the post-war problems. In
view of this we look forward earnestly and hopefully that the
1945 General Assembly will make ample appropriation so we
can continue to carry on efficiently.
As usual, the Chief desires to express to the Commissioner,
the personnel of the Department of Labor, and all the other
State agencies his deep appreciation for the fine and beneficial
cooperation in every respect.
Regis- Place- Cancella- Active
Industry and Occupation trants* ments tions** Balance
Agricultui'e
Farm laborers 3 2 1
Clerical
Bookkeepers 2 2 -: .--Oi';
Clerical and filing clerks 1 , . ..1,-, . //
Elec. billing machine operator _-. 1 1 °-
'0-'-'
Numerical card punch operator__ 1 1 • : . -.0 .•••
Typists 9 4 , 1.4 -
Clothing and Textile
Electric machine operators 11 9 2 -
Handsewing trades 2 1 , • 1
Weavers 3 2 1 Q
Helpers 2 1 1
Cone winders 1 1 • : ^ - ; .=
Thread winders 1 1 . 9. ..,
Domestic and Personal Service .
' "
Housekeepers 3 3 ; 0,;;'
Restaurants ^. r
Waitresses 4 4 ,..!..
Tobacco Factories
Packers 1 ^ ^ ' ' •' ' ' ' &=):
Hosiery
Inspectors 1 1 . .
Loopers 11 7 "31 Packers - . 1 1 :' .
Seamers 1 _ .
. , ;1
Paper Manufacture ..'.'.! ..'.
Paper box and bag workers 1 1 ^ ;' ;'-.: -0 =
Printing Trades '• '.-'. .'-..;', ;.
'
Linotype operators 11 7 . . ^ . 4
Printers and pressmen . 1 1 ' 0-
Feeders and binders 3 3 ; "^
Salesmen 1 1 .0
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 75
Industry and Occupation
Furniture and Woodwoi'k
Craters
Sander machine operators
Professional and Technical
Supervisors —
-
Sewing room
Seamstresses and fitters
Laundries
Helpers
Mangle machine operators -
Washing machine operators ^
Dry Cleaning
Overweavers
Pressers
Baking
Bakers' helpers
Dairying and Creameries
Handmilkers
Elec. bottle machine operator-
Poultry
Poultrymen .
Hospital
Dietician's assistants
Central supply clerks
Minerals and allied products
Mica sorter
Munitions plant
Assembler
Regis-trants*
2
1
Totals 106
Place-ments
2
1
77
Cancella.
tions**
15
Active
Balance
1
1
1
1 .
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2 2
1
1 1
1
2 2
6
2
6 •
2 .
14
"Includes those carried over from last biennium.
'•Includes those who have married, died, left the state, etc.
, SUMMARY
A glance at the summary of our report of activity from July
1, 1942 to June 30, 1944 shows the following-:
Registrations Placements Cancellations Active Balance
Men 35 24 5 6
Women 71 ,53 10 8
Total. _... 106 77 " 15 14
Firm Visits 338
Field Interviews 598
Official trips made by Chief 47
Miles traveled by Chief 17,589
76 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
VETERANS' SERVICE DIVISION
Frank M. Sasser, State Service Officer
When our last Biennial Report was submitted World War II
was about seven months old. At this writing World War II is
nearly three years old. The work of the Veterans' Service Di-vision
has been tremendously affected by this fact.
The General Assembly of 1943 authorized the Governor and
Council of State to increase the staff of the Veterans' Service
Division at such time and in such degree as appeared neces-sary
on account of the increase in the number of veterans re-turning
from the present conflict. In March 1944 the Commis-
/ sioner of Labor in company with a Committee of the American
Legion appointed by the North Carolina Department of the
Legion at its regular meeting in January in High Point called
on Governor Broughton and presented a program for the in-crease
of the staff and facilities of the Division. After due con-sideration
the Division was authorized to establish five offices
I strategically located in cities of the State in addition to the one
then being operated in Fayetteville. As this report is being
prepared offices in the cities of Asheville and Greenville are
actually in operation and it is contemplated that by the middle
of September the offices in Charlotte, Greensboro and Raleigh
will be in operation. These branch offices are staffed with a
service officer and a secretary.
The functions of the branch offices are to carry information
. to veterans and their dependents more quickly than could be
done under the old system of working out of the central office.
Further the program makes available points to which the vet-erans
may apply for assistance thereby saving time and trouble
incident to long distances of travel and delay in correspondence.
The employees of these branch offices have been trained in the
central office of the Division in Fayetteville where they have
been able to meet appropriate officials of the Veterans' Admin-istration
and see the operation of the central office of the Di-vision
and to learn the routine necessary in preparing and pre-senting
claims to the Rating Board of the Veterans' Administra-tion.
They have also been able to learn something of the
regulations and procedure of the Administration governing other
matters pertaining to benefits to which returned veterans are
entitled by reason of their war service.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 77
The service officer in charge of a branch office is responsible
,
for the activities of the Division in a specified number of coun-ties
in his area. He contacts as nearly in a routine way as pos-sible
the veterans and their dependents in each county in his
area and it is hoped that when the program is fully developed
that points in each county may be established to which veterans
may apply for such assistance as they may need. The secretary
of each office will keep the office open at all times and be pre-pared
to make appointments and render minor services to vet-erans
and their dependents such as filling out forms and assist-ing
in negotiating for hospitalization.
We are indebted to service officers of the American Legion
throughout the State and to other people for their fine coopera-tion
in helping us develop this program.
The staff of the central office of the Division located in Fayette-ville
in the Veterans' Hospital consists of a State Service Of-ficer,
two assistant State Service Officers and two stenographic
workers. These people are trained in the technique of preparing
and presenting claims of veterans of all wars to the Rating
Board. Material from all over the State is sent to the central
office of the Division through our branch offices and through
other interested people upon receipt of which the service officers
in Fayetteville arrange all the items necessary for presentation
to the Administration for appropriate consideration. Below is
a statistical report of the activities of this Division for the past
two years
:
Letters written 9,166
Folders reviewed 6,551
Examinations secured 766
Hospitalizations 491
Personal interviews 7,158
Appearances before Rating Board 4,534
New cases 4,269
Old cases 10,915
Total cases 15,184
Pensions secured 691
Compensations secured - 374
Increased benefits $ 946,810.32
Back benefits $ 143,027.99
Insurance benefits $ 264,861.48
Total benefits ...- $1,354,699.79
The outstanding difference in the above report and that sub-mitted
two years ago is the very significant increase in mone-tary
benefits of all types received by North Carolina veterans
through the efforts of this office. The last Biennial Report shows
that this office was able to secure, for example, the comparatively
78 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
small amount of about $10,000.00 in insurance benefits to de-pendents
of deceased veterans. The above report discloses that
this office was able to secure for dependents of veterans who
have sacrificed their lives in the present war the sum of $264,-
861.00. Obviously this Division will have more and more insur-ance
claims to handle as long as the war lasts as the handling-of
insurance claims is becoming one of the principal functions
of the Division. "Increased compensation" in the form of month-ly
benefits to veterans and their dependents increased from
$250,000.00 to $463,000.00, while "back benefits" increased from
$68,000.00 to $143,000.00. The total benefits received during
the past two years by North Carolina veterans and their de-pendents
as a result of the activities of the Division amounted
to $1,354,699.79.
In addition to the benefits secured from the Federal Govern-ment
for North Carolina veterans and their dependents the
Veterans' Service Division was able to secure for thirty-five
children of World War veterans, who met the qualifications of
North Carolina Law, entrance into State operated institutions
of higher learning. In 1937 the General Assembly enacted leg-islation
which provided a college education for children of World
War veterans who died on the battlefield or as a result of disease
or injury incurred in war service. No limitation was placed by
this Act as to the number of children who might receive these
benefits. An amendment to the Act subsequently enacted made
available these same benefits to five children of World War
veterans each school year whose fathers had service connected
disabilities which were considered by the Veterans' Administra-tion
to be disabling to the extent of 30% or more.
The selection of these five children under the law is made
each year in July by the Superintendent of Public Instruction
and he makes his selection from among the applications which
he has received during the year. The Veterans' Service Divi-sion
has for several years served as a clearing house for these
applications and the Division has worked very closely with the
Superintendent of Public Instruction in assisting the children
of veterans to prepare their applications and secure the neces-sary
documentary evidence of their entitlement to educational
benefits under North Carolina Law. It should be pointed out
that the State Law requires proof of financial need in order for
the applicant for educational benefits to be entitled to all of
these benefits.
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 79
In April 1944 a service officers' school was conducted in the
Veterans' Hospital at Fayetteville and all members of the staff
of this Division acted as instructors and assisted in preparins^
the program which was held under the auspices of the Rehabili-tation
Committee of the American Legion Department of North
Carolina. Approximately one hundred volunteer service officers
of the Legion and other service organizations attended this
school, most of whom paid their own expenses. The conferees
evidenced great interest in the program. These schools have
been operated for several years past for the purpose of inform-ing
the people with whom we have dealt throughout the State
of various changes in the laws affecting veterans and their de-pendents
and the regulations and procedure of the Veterans'
Administration governing monetary benefits, hospitalization and
other items to which veterans may be entitled.
The Service Officer and the Assistant Service Officers have
traveled throughout the State during the past two years at-tending
meetings of veterans' organizations, interviewing vet-erans
and their dependents, assisting vete