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VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2 MARCH 2002 Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum to Observe Centennial This year the Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum, a state historic site in Guilford County, is celebrating the centennial of Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown’s creation in 1902 of Palmer Memorial Institute, an educational institution she headed for fifty years. Dr. Brown’s school became the nation’s preeminent preparatory school for African Ameri-cans and the school of choice for well-to-do blacks in the age of Jim Crow. Brown, born in North Carolina but educated in Massachusetts, was only nineteen years old and nearly penniless when she began her school with a handful of rural students. Yet through excep-tional personal courage, perseverance, powers of persuasion, faith in God, intellect, and some good luck at times, she succeeded, and she and her school became nationally known. Her formula for success was based on a shrewd, timely, and changing mix of accommoda-tion, activism, education, hard work, propriety, and social graces. Palmer Memorial Insti-tute turned out more than one thousand graduates (many of them still leaders today) before it closed its doors in 1971, ten years after Dr. Brown’s death. This year the Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum is commemorating the centennial of Palmer Memorial Institute, the nationally recognized preparatory school Dr. Brown founded in 1902. Charlotte Hawkins Brown achieved success in her endeavors by emphasizing a number of positive attributes, including an abiding belief in the importance of knowing and practicing the social graces. In this photograph, made about 1918, Dr. Brown is stylishly attired in the fashions of that period. (All photographs by the Office of Archives and History unless otherwise indicated.) The museum inaugurated its series of special centennial activities during February, which was Black History Month throughout the nation. The first such event was the for-mal opening of Canary Cottage, Dr. Brown’s residence on campus since 1927, as a fur-nished house museum for visitors. Speaking at the affair were Dr. Jeffrey J. Crow, deputy secretary of Cultural Resources; Palmer graduate and state representative H. M. “Mickey” Michaux; Jeanne Rudd, former museum manager, current mayor of Sedalia (the town in which the museum is located), and president of the Charlotte Hawkins Brown Historical Foundation; and Historic Sites Section administrator James R. McPherson. The restora-tion and furnishing of Canary Cottage has been a lengthy process, with special support from the Brown foundation, which made the furnishing project possible (see January 2002 issue of Carolina Comments). Researcher Howard Hendricks produced a furnishings plan in 1993, and over the past year in particular furnishings specialist Marian Inabinett has led a Historic Sites team in completing the collecting, preparing, and installing of fur-nishings from the house itself or from antiques dealers and others in an effort to make Canary Cottage appear as it did in the 1930s and 1940s. The house interior reflects not only trends in interior design in those decades but also Dr. Brown’s own personality and interests, such as music, represented by her restored piano in the home. Several dozen additional pieces original to the cottage are presently in the house, among them a settee, two chairs, a china cabinet with original china and silver, a sideboard, a table, and two dressers. Items from antiques dealers, as well as reproductions (such as a group of oriental rugs), complete the furnishings. In addition to Canary Cottage, of course, numerous other buildings (such as the Massachusetts Congregational Women’s Cottage) on the old Palmer campus have received the attention of section employees and contractors, who have been busy painting and carrying out additional renovations for the centennial. 22 CAROLINA COMMENTS Canary Cottage, built in 1927, was Charlotte Hawkins Brown’s official resi-dence at Palmer Memorial Institute for decades. The house has been reopened to the public as a house museum with furnishings representing not only typical styles of the 1930s and 1940s but also Dr. Brown’s own personality and interests. This view of the cottage is from its left (east) end. Historic furnishings specialist Marian Inabinett, here shown examining a piece of sheet music at Dr. Brown’s beloved piano in Canary Cottage, led efforts by the Historic Sites Section to collect, prepare, and install furnishings that would reflect the way the house looked during the many years Dr. Brown resided there. In addition to the restored piano, a number of items original to the house have been preserved as part of the overall furnishing plan. Following the opening of Canary Cottage, Black History Month proceeded apace at the museum. On Tuesdays and Thursdays throughout the month, graduate student Kevin Bailey of North Carolina Central University presented programs on African American inventors for area students. Each Saturday museum staff member Barbara Wiley and for-mer manager Jeanne Rudd offered etiquette workshops to teach refined manners in the style of Dr. Brown. The instructors emulated Dr. Brown’s own style of teaching her stu-dents with the book Brown herself wrote in 1941, The Correct Thing to Do, to Say, to Wear, which was of course required reading for all Palmer students. On February 10 the museum repeated a very popular program from 2001 on the famed Tuskegee Airmen of World War II, who not only proved that black men could fly aircraft competently but also established a superb record in the European theater of com-bat. After receiving racially segregated training at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, more than 925 pilots earned their wings, and 450 went to Europe to fly fighter planes and suc-cessfully escort Allied bombers. Of more than 300 Tuskegee Airmen still alive, about two dozen live in North Carolina, and a number of them appeared at the program to address hundreds of spectators. On the evening of February 13, Dr. Freddie L. Parker, chairman of the history department at North Carolina Central University, author of Running for Free-dom: Slave Runaways in North Carolina, 1775-1840, and current member of the North Carolina Historical Commission, delivered a public lecture titled “Slavery and the Law” for interested guests at the museum. On February 16 African American genealogist and retired archivist Minnie Peebles and Historic Sites Section curator of education Edward Morris presented a well-received workshop on African American genealogy. They reviewed such standard family history sources in the North Carolina State Archives as wills, deeds, and marriage and census records but also emphasized special resources to aid African American genealogy. They likewise discussed Web sites for black family history, cohabitation records of former slaves made in 1868 and 1869, and the special challenges inherent in locating specific informa-tion on slaves as compared to material on free blacks. Special activities continued throughout February and into March. On February 23 the Brown Memorial Singers performed a concert of Negro spirituals at Bethany Church, across from the museum. The group, which has re-created a musical team first established by Dr. Brown before 1920, includes about a dozen male and female vocalists from the Sedalia area. Two days later the museum, in collaboration with Alamance Battleground VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 23 This room is one of several second-story bedrooms at Canary Cottage furnished with historically accurate items in preparation for the February reopening of the cottage as a house museum. State Historic Site, sponsored a regional history bowl quiz competition for eighth-grade students. Teams from eight middle schools competed in the contest. During March a series of special programs for Women’s History Month took place at the museum. The major event in March, however, was a conference at the downtown Marriott Hotel in Greensboro, March 21-23, that marked the principal scholarly commemoration of the centennial of Brown’s educational work. The conclave, titled “Origins of Excel-lence: African American Education in North Carolina: Past, Perspectives, and Prospects,” featured speakers and information about not only Palmer Memorial Institute but also the other historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) located throughout North Carolina. Those institutions include Barber-Scotia College in Concord, Bennett College in Greensboro, Elizabeth City State University, Johnson C. Smith University in Charlotte, Livingstone College in Salisbury, Fayetteville State University, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in Greensboro, North Carolina Central University in Dur-ham, Shaw University in Raleigh, St. Augustine’s College in Raleigh, and Winston-Salem State University. On the first evening of the conference, Dr. Dorothy Yancey, president of Johnson C. Smith, delivered the keynote lecture. The following day began with an illustrated paper by Charles Wadelington and Dr. Richard F. Knapp, both of the Historic Sites Section, Office of Archives and History, and authors of Charlotte Hawkins Brown and Palmer Memorial Institute (1999). Then several Palmer experts, including alumnus Representative Michaux and Ruth Totton, who taught and worked at the institute for many years, answered questions and recounted their per-sonal experiences at the school. Admissions officers from a variety of the state’s HBCUs offered short profiles of each of the schools. Ernest Suggs of the Atlanta Constitution (and formerly with the Durham Herald-Sun) and author of a newspaper series on HBCUs, dis-cussed the colleges and universities, their heritage, and the challenges they may encounter in coming years. A session on politics and social movements at the HBCUs, which had a substantial impact on the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, featured the contributions of Dr. Jarvis Hall, chairman of the political science department at North Carolina Central; Alex Rivera, retired professional photographer and southeastern correspondent for the Pittsburgh Courier (1946-1974), who took numerous photographs at Palmer; William Bar-ber, a Goldsboro pastor; and Dr. Freddie L. Parker. The day ended with a discussion of athletics at the HBCUs led by Clarence “Big House” Gaines, retired head basketball coach at Winston-Salem State, whose teams won 828 games (the third-highest record in the National Collegiate Athletics Association) in forty-seven years. The final day of the centennial conference began with a round-table discussion of the challenges facing the HBCUs by their chancellors, and in some cases presidents. A session on archives at the HBCUs included Dr. Benjamin Speller, dean of the School of Library and Information Sciences at North Carolina Central, Catherine J. Morris, state archivist of North Carolina; Edward Morris of Historic Sites and formerly an archivist; Linda Simmons-Henry of St. Augustine’s College; and Edward Southern, chief records manage-ment analyst for the North Carolina State Archives. Dr. Donna Benson, associate vice-president for academic affairs, Office of the President, University of North Carolina, and Dr. Beverly Washington Jones, dean of the university college at North Carolina Cen-tral, led a discussion of women’s leadership in education. Numerous current college stu-dents read papers on student life at the HBCUs. A late-afternoon tour of the Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum and its grounds preceded a closing banquet at the hotel. The centennial festivities will not end with the conference. Readers are invited to attend various coming events, including a Palmer alumni weekend and golf tournament (June 7-9) and the concurrent African American Heritage Festival at the museum (June 8). Upcoming special events include a 1940s-theme dance (September); “It’s About Time,” a program primarily for school students (October), and a Founder’s Day celebration (likewise in October). Please telephone the museum at (336) 449-4846 or go to its Web site (www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/sections/hs/chb/chb.htm) for additional information. 24 CAROLINA COMMENTS A&H Site Manager Appears as Guest on Network TV Special Dorothy Spruill “Dot” Redford, manager of Somerset Place State Historic Site, situated adjacent to Lake Phelps in eastern North Carolina, was featured as a major guest and inter-viewee on the January 18, 2002, NBC television special “Roots: Celebrating 25 Years.” The program dealt with the powerful and lingering impact of the miniseries Roots, televised for eight consecutive nights in January 1977. The series, based on Alex Haley’s 1976 Pulitzer Prize-winning historical novel of the same name, dramatized the saga of his own black family during seven generations from Africa through slavery to freedom. Roots won nine Emmy awards and attracted a phenomenal 130 million viewers, the largest audience for a show to that time. The series also fostered an immense interest in genealogy, particularly among African Americans. Dot Redford was one of many people who began their own study of family history at about that time. Ms. Redford, then a successful social worker in Portsmouth, Virginia, and her daughter Deborah (now with the North Carolina Museum of Art) watched Roots and, like millions of others, discussed the program for weeks. Deeply moved by the series, Ms. Redford returned to her birthplace in Columbia, North Carolina, and began asking her parents about the little-discussed family heritage. She soon learned that four generations of her ancestors had been slaves on the enormous Somerset plantation nearby, along with more than eight hundred other people enslaved over about eighty years. For ten years she traced the lives of Somerset slaves and their descendants through interviews, fieldwork, and archival inquiry. When she visited Somerset Place State Historic Site, she initially found virtually no mention of the hundreds of enslaved blacks connected with the planta-tion for so many years. Retiring from her social-work career, she joined the small staff at Somerset and today is the manager of the site at which four generations of her family were enslaved. Today, under her leadership, the black presence at the site is increasingly remembered. For instance, a reconstructed small slave cabin stands at the plantation, and contractors currently are at work reconstructing a large former slave quarter known as Old Sucky’s house, and a historic slave hospital. Both innovative buildings are expected to be completed during the summer. As director at Somerset, Redford planned the enormously successful 1986 home-coming of slave descendants, which attracted international media attention and the pres-ence of Alex Haley himself. Her own popular book, Somerset Homecoming: Recovering a Lost Heritage, was published in 1988 by Doubleday in New York and reprinted in 2000 by the University of North Carolina Press in Chapel Hill. Haley called her book “the best, most beautifully researched, thoroughly presented black family history that I know of.” The fourth and most recent homecoming, held in August 2001, as well as Ms. Redford’s appearance on the recent NBC special, again drew substantial attention. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 25 In mid-January, Dorothy Spruill “Dot” Redford appeared as a featured guest and interviewee on an NBC television special titled “Roots: Celebrating 25 Years.” Ms. Redford, a successful social worker in Portsmouth, Virginia, when the 1977 miniseries was first televised, was so inspired by the program that she embarked on a study of her own family history, ultimately discovering that she herself was the descendant of slaves who labored at Somerset plantation in Washington County. She eventually joined the staff at Somerset Place State Historic Site and is presently manager of the site, at which four generations of her family were enslaved. “Roots: Celebrating 25 Years” featured thoughtful reflections by Ms. Redford and oth-ers on the enormous impact of the groundbreaking series and the continuity and change that have marked the black experience in America since the programs first aired. Among a host of other people who appeared on the anniversary program (which included clips from the original episodes) were poet Maya Angelou of Winston-Salem and actors who had been cast in the 1977 series, among them LeVar Burton (who starred as Kunta Kinte) and Ed Asner. State Historic Preservation Office Hosts Regional Meeting In late September 2001 the State Historic Preservation Office (HPO), with the assistance of the Office of State Archaeology (OSA), hosted the annual meeting of Southeastern State Historic Preservation Officers (SESHPO) and staffs. Statesville and Iredell County served as the site of the meeting, which was held in conjunction with the annual statewide confer-ence of Preservation North Carolina (PNC). Through coordination with PNC, the HPO was able to offer those in attendance a program that was both affordable and beneficial in terms of content, sessions, and events. HPO and OSA staff coordinated six sessions exclusively for SESHPO registrants, including a plenary session. Additional sessions were devoted to review and compliance, preservation tax credits, design review and enforcement, and issues connected with the National Register of Historic Places. Many of the gatherings were held in historic build-ings such as the Greek Revival-style main building of Mitchell College and the 1892 Statesville City Hall. SESHPO registrants continued their exchange of information infor-mally at an evening tour of and dinner at historic Davidson College. Despite tight budgets throughout the Southeast, forty-four people (from as far away as Maryland and Louisiana) attended the meeting. Among the participants were Nancy Miller Schamu, executive director of the National Conference of State Historic Preserva-tion Officers, and Julie Fix, director of programs for the Civil War Trust. Both women have offices in Washington, D.C. Just over three hundred people attended the entire PNC conference, which as in past years afforded HPO staff an opportunity to help plan and par-ticipate in PNC sessions and to answer numerous questions. The PNC annual meeting for 2002 is tentatively scheduled for September 12-14 in Fayetteville. 26 CAROLINA COMMENTS Last September the State Historic Preservation Office, with the assistance of the Office of State Archaeology, hosted the annual meeting of the Southeastern State Historic Preservation Officers (SESHPO) and their staffs. Those who attended the meeting posed for this photograph in front of the historic Statesville City Hall. A&H Staff Participate in Environmental Event On October 24, 2001, employees of the Office of Archives and History (A&H) who are members of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources’ (DCR) Project Green Task Force joined with representatives of additional state government agencies to partici-pate in the NC Green 2001 Exposition, which took place on the Halifax Mall in the state government complex in Raleigh. In an effort to educate visitors at the event, the A&H staff fielded three major displays: one on the recycling of historic buildings, mounted by the State Historic Preservation Office (HPO); another on wetlands restoration, created by the North Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort; and a third on wetlands restoration and storm-water management, produced by Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens in New Bern. Departmental colleagues Katherine Reynolds of the North Carolina Arts Council and Wanda Pierce of the DCR budget office joined A&H employees David Christenbury of the HPO and Donna E. Kelly, administrator of the Historical Publications Section, in serving as volunteer guides and on-site hosts for the event. David Brook, administrator of the HPO, chairs the DCR task force, and Ms. Kelly represents the DCR on the NC Project Green Advisory Team, which coordinated the celebration. In conjunction with the Green Expo gala, Ms. Kelly edited and posted on the World Wide Web (at www.SustainableNC.org/) DCR’s Year 2001 Sustainability Report. The report addresses (1) tax credit programs for the rehabilitation and reuse of historic structures, (2) electronic scheduling of visitors, (3) the development of a department-wide envi-ronmentally based landscape management policy and plan, (4) wetland restoration projects at Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens and the North Carolina Maritime Museum, (5) trails and open spaces at the North Carolina Museum of Art, and (6) the recycling of exhibit materials at the North Carolina Museum of History. Coe Foundation Assists Development of OSA Research Center On November 6, 2001, Dr. Jeffrey J. Crow, deputy secretary of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources (DCR); David J. Olson, Director of the Office of Archives and History’s Division of Historical Resources; and Stephen R. Claggett, state archaeologist, met with Patricia S. Rose and Robert A. Schwager of the Coe Foundation for Archaeological Research (CFAR) to discuss archaeological issues and accept from CFAR a contribution in the amount of one thousand dollars to be used in conjunction VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 27 Some of the staff members of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources (DCR) who participated in the NC Green 2001 Exposition are pictured here. Shown left to right are Priscilla Speed Hunter of Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens; Keith Giamportone, AIA, consultant to Tryon Palace; Donna E. Kelly, Historical Publications Section; Heyward McKinney, North Carolina Museum of Art; David Brook, State Historic Preservation Office (HPO) and DCR Project Green chairman; David Christenbury of the HPO; Scott Kucera, North Carolina Maritime Museum; and Al Honeycutt Jr. and Tim E. Simmons, both of the HPO. with the new Office of State Archaeology (OSA) Research Center. Since its creation in 1988, CFAR has contributed financial and developmental support for numerous profes-sional, private, and governmental archaeological programs in North Carolina. The organi-zation, formerly known as the North Carolina Center for Archaeological Research, was renamed in 1999 to honor the late Joffre Lanning Coe, professor emeritus, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. During CFAR’s formative years Dr. Coe, widely regarded as “the father of North Carolina archaeology,” served as a technical adviser to the organization. Financial contributions in support of DCR programs are always appreciated; but at a time when budget shortfalls have greatly reduced state funding, public contributions make critical differences in the department’s ability to serve the people of North Carolina. For many years the contributions of the Coe Foundation have enhanced state archaeological programs, professional and student research, and educational initiatives. The founda-tion’s support for North Carolina archaeology programs takes many forms but is gener-ally directed toward increasing support for archaeological research and public education programs. For thirteen years the foundation has made donations of money and equipment to the OSA, and CFAR volunteers have individually contributed labor and equipment as well. Moreover, the foundation has donated computers to the Queen Anne’s Revenge project, given more than a dozen framed artworks to the new OSA Research Center, contributed funds to support North Carolina Archaeology Month and additional archaeology-related forums and projects, and funded graduate student research projects in many parts of the state. For additional information on the activities of the Coe Foundation, visit its Web site, www.coe-foundation.org; telephone (919) 715-5496, ext. 17; or write to CFAR, P.O. Box 25311, Raleigh, NC 27611. Recent Changes in North Carolina NRAC Membership On July 1, 2001, N. Jim Crawford retired from the North Carolina National Register Advisory Committee (NRAC) upon completion of three consecutive two-year terms, as dictated by the body’s bylaws. Mr. Crawford, a former seven-term state legislator from 28 CAROLINA COMMENTS On November 6, 2001, representatives of the Coe Foundation for Archaeological Research (CFAR) met with North Carolina’s state archaeologist and other leaders of the Office of Archives and History (A&H) to make a contribution in the amount of one thousand dollars to be used in conjunction with the new Office of State Archaeology Research Center. Pictured left to right are Dr. Jeffrey J. Crow, deputy secretary of A&H; David J. Olson, director of the Division of Historical Resources, A&H; Robert A. Schwager and Patricia S. Rose of CFAR; and Stephen R. Claggett, state archaeologist. Buncombe County and a devoted historic preservationist, served on the committee as a representative of the North Carolina Historical Commission. David Brook, deputy state historic preservation officer, and staff of the State Historic Preservation Office recognized Mr. Crawford’s service in a brief ceremony during the June 14, 2001, NRAC meeting in Raleigh. In addition, Jeffrey J. Crow, state historic preservation officer, presented Mr. Crawford with a certificate of distinguished service on the NRAC. Dr. Crow filled the vacancy left by Mr. Crawford’s retirement with the appointment of Richard L. Mattson to a two-year term that commenced July 1, 2001. With M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in geogra-phy from the University of Illinois at Urbana, Dr. Mattson has worked in North Carolina and other states throughout the nation as a historic preservation consultant since the late 1970s. Among dozens of North Carolina projects, he conducted an extensive architectural survey of Nash County and wrote The History and Architecture of Nash County, North Carolina, published in 1987. Since 1991 he has been a principal in the firm of Mattson, Alexander and Associates of Charlotte. In January 2002 Dr. Max R. Williams resigned from the NRAC. Dr. Williams, who like Mr. Crawford served as a representative of the North Carolina Historical Commission, is retired from Western Carolina University, at which he was a professor of history for many years and presently serves as an adjunct professor. Dr. Williams has an abiding interest in William A. Graham, North Carolina’s governor from 1845 to 1849, and has written exten-sively on Graham and other topics in North Carolina history. Dr. Crow appointed Millie M. Barbee to complete Dr. Williams’s term on the committee. Ms. Barbee is president and chief executive officer of the Hickory Metro Convention and Visitors Bureau and a longtime member of the North Carolina Historical Commission. She previously served several terms on the NRAC and has served on the boards of Preservation North Carolina and the Federa-tion of North Carolina Historical Societies. As executive director of the Historic Burke Foundation from 1982 to 1991, Ms. Barbee was instrumental in the restoration of the Old Burke County Courthouse and was coauthor of Historic Burke: An Architectural Sites Inventory of Burke County. The NRAC is a twelve-member body comprised of historians, architectural histori-ans, architects, archaeologists, and citizen members who have demonstrated competence, interest, or knowledge in historic preservation. It reviews North Carolina applications to the National Register of Historic Places and advises the state historic preservation officer on whether or not properties should be nominated to the register. The National Register is maintained by the National Park Service. NCSU Libraries to Create New Resource on History of Forestry The NCSU Libraries, the Biltmore Estate Company of Asheville, and the Forest History Society of Durham have received a North Carolina ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) grant in the amount of $48,100 to fund a major Web-based resource for research on the forestry history of North Carolina. The Carl Alwin Schenck Collection, housed in the Special Collections Department of the NCSU Libraries, forms the foundation of for-estry history resources among the three institutions. It chronicles the development of America’s first school of forestry, the Biltmore Forestry School, founded by Schenck. It also documents the beginnings of North Carolina’s lumber and forestry industries. As part of the project, primary research materials from the collection—including photographs, diaries, correspondence, artifacts, and printed materials—will be digitized and made freely accessible via the Internet. The Web site is expected to be available for viewing by the summer of 2002. The NCSU Libraries Special Collections Department plans to digitize more than one thousand photographs dating from 1889 to 1951 that detail life at the Biltmore Forestry School, forest-study tours in America and Europe, and forestry training programs. Of VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 29 special interest are photographs of George Vanderbilt and the Biltmore estate in Asheville. Text-based documents scheduled for digitization include Schenck’s diaries, journals, and letters dating from 1890 to 1954. Those materials include information concerning his experiences at school, his years as a forester, and his life in Germany. Also included are turn-of-the-twentieth-century biographical sketches of students at the forestry school, often supplemented by photographic portraits. The text collection likewise contains works by other authors, such as Romeyn B. Hough’s The American Woods: Exhibited by Actual Specimens and with Copious Explanatory Text (1888, 1910), a rare fourteen-volume set of indi-vidual wood samples (350 plates in all). The entire set will be processed, scanned, and dig-itized as part of the overall project. NEH Challenge Grants Are Special Initiative for Local History The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has announced a special initiative to help small institutions improve humanities resources in local history. The initiative’s goals are: (1) to build opportunities for research, education, and public programs in local history, especially in communities underserved by humanities activities; (2) to establish long-term partnerships among educational and cultural organizations in com-munities; (3) to help organizations with strategic planning; and (4) to build bases of finan-cial support for long-term programming. Awards ranging from $10,000 to $100,000 will require recipients to raise an equal amount from non-federal sources. Except for the one-to-one matching ratio (NEH challenge grants normally require a match of either three- or four-to-one), guidelines for the challenge grants program govern the initiative and should be used to prepare applications. The guidelines are available from the NEH Web site: http://www.neh.gov. Construction and renovation support is not offered under the special initiative. Any U.S. nonprofit organization that has not previously held an NEH challenge grant is eligible to apply. Check challenge grants guidelines for complete eligibil-ity requirements. Preference will be given to institutions with annual budgets of less than $100,000 and to institutions setting up new endowments for humanities programs. Examples of activities include a permanent lecture series, a continuing exhibition series, ongoing seminar programs for adults, archival research projects, improved care of collec-tions, electronic field trips, community walking tours, neighborhood documentation pro-jects for students K-12, and continuing teacher workshops using local history resources. Spending from an endowment is restricted to humanities activities, but many types of expenses are allowed. Funds can be used to pay fees and honoraria for speakers and con-sultants, to acquire and preserve humanities materials, to pay publicity costs, to defray rental costs for facilities, to support standing advisory boards, and to provide salary sup-plements for staff who work on programming. Funds can be used to defray costs of equip-ment and technological improvements necessary for the activities. Information on how to apply is available at the NEH Web site. Obituary Sammie Lee Shine, a longtime employee of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, died in Raleigh on January 16, 2002, at the age of fifty-eight. He was born on December 5, 1943, in Byromville, Georgia, and graduated from high school in Tampa, Florida. After attending Saint Augustine’s College in Raleigh, he began his career with the department. At the time of his death he was minority outreach coordinator for the agency, having previously served as a newspaper and later microfilm archivist and Governor’s Papers archivist with the Archives and Records Section, Division of Historical Resources, Office of Archives and History. As a result of his thirty-five years of dedicated service to the department and to state government, he received the John R. Larkins Award in 2000. 30 CAROLINA COMMENTS News from Historical Resources Archives and Records Section Work on improving the arrangement, description, and preservation of materials in the State Archives relating to Black Mountain College is progressing well. This project, funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), has sparked national and international interest not only because of the avant-garde theories of education that were put into practice at the college but because of the well-known artists, writers, musicians, dancers, photographers, designers, and others who attended the institution or taught there. The college remained open from 1933 to 1956 near the town of Black Mountain, North Carolina. This current project to preserve information about the college began in the fall of 2000 with the employment of Joshua M. Dillon as a part-time clerk. Dillon has since completed his master’s degree in the Public History program at North Carolina State University and continues to work on the project. In March 2001 Ashley A. Yandle came from the South Carolina Historical Society to work as the grant-funded project archivist. Barbara T. Cain is the project supervisor, and J. R. Lankford is the project director. Work on the North Carolina Museum of Art’s Black Mountain College Research Pro-ject, 1971-1974 (ca. 44 cubic feet) has been completed except for the ongoing preserva-tion copying and identification of some four thousand slides and about ninety interview tapes. Arrangement and description has likewise been completed for the Martin Duberman Collection (P.C. 1678), which contains the materials Duberman gathered in researching his book on the college (ca. 27 cu. ft.). The original finding aid to the 75 cubic feet of Black Mountain College Records has been entered into the Archives’ MARS elec-tronic finding aid indexed to the folder level and enhanced in description to facilitate access. The poor quality of paper used for many of the college records and correspon-dence has necessitated the deacidification of about three thousand pages thus far. Before the project ends in August, finding aids for the sixteen other private collections relating to faculty or students at the college will be reviewed and enhanced where necessary, and all the finding aids will become available on the Web, as well as in MARS. This spring the improved Web site for the Archives and Records Section will include a gallery of images from Black Mountain College, along with additional information on the college and the State Archives’ college-related holdings. In addition, Archives staff will digitize the minutes (1933-1956) of meetings both of the school’s Board of Fellows and its faculty. The digitization project will greatly aid researchers interested in individuals connected with the college or in the general history of the college and its influence on art, literature, and education in the twentieth century. On February 3 the Outer Banks History Center (OBHC) in Manteo held two free one-hour community heritage workshops to introduce the public to the types of records useful in researching family history. Karen L. Spiers presented a program titled “Caring for Your Family Treasures,” which covered the basics of proper handling and storage of photographs, letters, diaries, scrapbooks, textiles, and other memorabilia as a means of helping to assure their preservation, and Lou Overman offered a presentation titled “Genealogy 101: What You Need to Know to Start Researching Your Family History.” OBHC personnel, especially Brian D. Edwards, helped prepare an exhibit honoring the legacy of Capt. Warren O’Neal of Manteo, whose innovative hull design heavily influenced the Roanoke Island boat-building industry. The exhibit opened February 4 at Roanoke Island Festival Park in Manteo. The OBHC replaced its popular gallery exhibit Pirates’ Jam-boree Revisited with a special display of Civil War drawings rendered by Edwin Graves Champney, a Union soldier stationed on Hatteras Island in 1863. This exhibit remained on display during the second half of February. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 31 The Friends of the Archives, Inc. held its annual staff appreciation luncheon on Feb-ruary 18. The luncheon is a long-standing tradition by the Friends to support and recog-nize the Archives and Records staff for its work in managing, preserving, and providing access to North Carolina’s public records. Historical Publications Section The Historical Publications Section has issued a second printing (two thousand copies) of the revised edition of Society in Colonial North Carolina, by Alan D. Watson. The original edi-tion of the title appeared in 1975 and was reprinted in 1982. It sold out in 1989 and remained out of print until 1996, when the revised edition was produced. The volume (147 pages, bound in paper; illustrations; index) describes day-to-day life in North Carolina before the American Revolution. It focuses on such topics as education, health, recreation, religion, transportation, town life, marriage, death, servitude, and slavery. Copies of Society are available at $10.00 each, plus $4.00 for shipping. Residents of North Carolina must add 65 cents for state sales tax. Order from: Historical Publications Sec-tion, Office of Archives and History, 4622 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-4622. The section displayed its publications at the annual meeting of the Southern Histori-cal Association (SHA) in New Orleans, Louisiana, November 17-19, 2001. Donna E. Kelly, administrator of the Historical Publications Section, and Frances W. Kunstling, the section’s marketing specialist, hosted the book exhibit and attended sessions. More than twelve hundred historians who study and teach about the South attended the SHA’s annual meeting. Michael Hill, editor of the ninth revised edition of Guide to North Carolina Highway His-torical Markers, spoke about the state’s highway marker program at Quail Ridge Books in Raleigh on January 16. Following his talk, Hill signed copies of the new highway marker guide, which the Office of Archives and History published in November 2001. Approxi-mately forty-five people attended the program and book signing. Enormous newspaper publicity has spurred sales of this popular title. Through an arrangement with the State Employees’ Credit Union (SECU), members of that organization may purchase the book at a discount. As a result of both the media coverage and the SECU agreement, 4,500 cop-ies of the publication have been sold in three months. 32 CAROLINA COMMENTS Michael Hill, editor of the ninth revised edition of the Guide to North Carolina Highway Historical Markers, discussed the state’s highway marker program during an appearance at Quail Ridge Books in Raleigh on January 16. At the conclusion of his remarks, Hill (seated) signed copies of the new highway marker guide for purchasers of the volume. On January 25 Donna Kelly and Frances Kunstling journeyed to Asheville to attend a meeting of the Appalachian Consortium, where they explored joint publication options. On January 26 and 27 they attended the Winter Conclave of the Publishers’ Association of the South, held at Asheville’s Renaissance Hotel. Publishers from all over the South gathered there to discuss better ways of marketing publications via the Internet and electronic mail. News from State Historic Sites Historic Sites Section Work has begun on shaping the emerging Division of State Historic Sites as a major com-ponent of the new Office of Archives and History within the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources. The division, which places all departmental historic sites under one organization directed by Kay P. Williams, includes 27 historical attractions with 258 per-manent employees, 304 temporary employees, and a state budget of about $12 million. Many of the attractions were opened to the public thirty or forty years ago. At present they offer historical programming to a new audience that is more diverse than ever before, gen-erally computer literate, accustomed to being entertained, and expectant of high-quality living history programs and interactive opportunities. Moreover, the sites face greater competition from other historical and alternative attractions. Hurricane Floyd, the state budget crisis, September 11, and the national recession have altered the division’s finan-cial stability. More than ever, change is needed to meet the challenge of providing exciting and enjoyable historical programs to a very different audience. In January about sixty people from the new division and its support groups met for an all-day organizational design meeting. Ms. Williams’s guidelines called for an organiza-tional design (with more decentralized operations and sections roughly equal in size and resources) to enhance the ability of state historic sites to develop and expand pub-lic- private partnerships; share resources; tell an integrated, layered, and diverse story; increase earned income; and grow in operating efficiency and the employment of technology. Support groups generously funded the costs of the important work session. Participants in the meeting embodied considerable diversity in terms of geography, eth-nicity, gender, and longevity. They divided into work teams, which prepared recommen-dations for a new divisional organizational scheme and selected a member of a resolution team to review all design concepts. At the conclusion of a two-week comment period, the team began working with divisional director Kay Williams and departmental deputy sec-retary Jeffrey J. Crow to determine the best design concept to recommend to Secretary of Cultural Resources Lisbeth C. Evans. Implementation of a new divisional structure is ex-pected to occur at some point in the future. It’s All About Attitude, a traveling exhibit from the North Carolina Museum of History that celebrates the 1999 Special Olympics World Summer Games, has been on display at Town Creek Indian Mound. The exhibit highlights the worldwide competition that brought nearly 7,000 athletes from 150 countries to North Carolina, marking the largest international sporting event ever held in the state and the largest such event in the world that year. The exhibit recalled the Special Olympics movement, athletes and volunteers, the Law Enforcement Torch Run® for Special Olympics, the host town program, and other aspects of the games. It’s All About Attitude left Town Creek in January to continue its journey across the state. Alamance Battleground State Historic Site hosted its twenty-second Colonial Living Week in October. With assistance from volunteers and sectional employees, a total of 2,063 visitors (including 1,240 students from eight counties) enjoyed various living his-tory demonstrations. Visitors learned about open-fire cooking, cider-making, meat pres-ervation, surveying, flintlock weapons, militia camp life, artillery, toys, and making paper. Tours of the John Allen House offered another look at colonial life. There in December VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 33 34 CAROLINA COMMENTS guests enjoyed a Christmas pudding event, which introduced them to various puddings, several with early origins, and the traditions behind them. Recipes for the featured pud-dings (Quaking, Marlborough, Quince, Figgy, Plum, and Saucy Snow Camp Molasses) were provided in an attractive handout accompanied by historical background informa-tion. The event proved very popular with the public. In October 2001 Historic Edenton marked the 250th anniversary of the birth of James Iredell with a variety of activities from hands-on instruction for students to a special reception during a week-long celebration that attracted about seven hundred visitors. On display in the visitor center were posters created by Chowan County fourth-graders that depicted important events in Iredell’s life. Staff members researched and sewed new bed hangings and rearranged furnishings to display the bed chamber in the Iredell House as if in preparation for the birth of a child in the mid-eighteenth century. Colonial Living His-tory Days, a concurrent three-day event, enabled more than six hundred students to enjoy hands-on activities, house tours, and games. A reception at the visitor center included proclamation of James Iredell Day in Edenton, presentation of a paper on Iredell, and remarks about the key role of the Daughters of the American Revolution in preserving the Iredell House. Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens conservator David Taylor later consulted with and assisted Historic Edenton in mounting and hanging valuable artifacts recently acquired by the James Iredell Association. He was at the site for the arrival of the artifacts from Charleston, South Carolina. Working under less than ideal conditions (including a deadline, lighting problems, and staff and volunteers busily decorating and cleaning the Iredell House for Christmas events set to begin the next day), Taylor and the site staff mounted two handsome Regency gilt mirrors and hung a ca. 1780 ceramic water cistern. More than one thousand visitors toured the Iredell House during the two-day holiday event, enjoying period decorations and special musical performances and sampling cook-ies, eggnog, and hot cider. During Alamance Battleground State Historic Site’s twenty-second Colonial Living Week, held last October, site interpreter Jewel Clark (right), in costume, demonstrated colonial-era food-preparation techniques for visitors. The annual event attracted more than two thousand visitors. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 35 In November the North Carolina Transportation Museum (NCTM) and the Rowan County Convention and Visitors Bureau hosted simultaneous week-long national conven-tions of the Association of Railway Museums (ARM) and Tourist Railroad Association Incorporated (TRAIN). Some 325 delegates came from as far away as Australia and England. The occasion was both entertaining and educational and included trips to the Great Smoky Mountain Railway, Tweetsie Railroad, an operating Charlotte trolley, and the Carolinas Aviation Museum. At the NCTM, participants took part in seminars, toured the shops, and rode the train. Seminars included discussions about collections manage-ment, volunteer recruitment, special events, disaster management, and train operations. NCTM interpretive volunteer Jack Nicolay has secured a grant in the amount of $1,000 from IBM to be used in making one of the museum’s rail coaches more accessible for handicapped visitors. A local Civitan club likewise contributed to the project. IBM offers grants of up to $1,000 cash or selected IBM personal computer equipment for spe-cific projects involving education, assistance to handicapped citizens, or specific commu-nity benefit. The NCTM gift shop has sold more than one hundred custom HO-scale boxcars in a year. As many as fifteen cars have been sold in a single week. The oxide-red Accurail cars feature the NCTM logo, full reporting marks, and Kadee-type couplers. Volunteer Vince Librizzi hand builds the cars and introduced the idea of selling them in the gift shop. Pub-lic response to the boxcars has led to the creation of a similar HO-scale model of the museum’s steam locomotive No. 604. Mr. Librizzi arranged for production of such a model, which is now offered for sale at the gift shop. Throughout the winter, repairs and maintenance were under way on various build-ings and locomotives at the NCTM, among them the Back Shop, the Flue Shop, Barber Junction, and locomotive No. 604. The Back Shop abatement process to remove lead paint has been completed by LVI Services, with a walk-through inspection in late Novem-ber followed by final corrections. Ramsey, Burgin, Smith Architects has prepared draw-ings for the next phase of Back Shop work, which includes repairs to masonry, roof, and windows, as well as replacement of skylights. In the Flue Shop exhibit area, Wagner Con-struction Company finished a new concrete stamped floor, identical to the one in the roundhouse. Museum staff installed a second ventilation fan and extra electrical outlets and painted the exhibit facades. The Flue Shop reopened to the public in January. At Bar-ber Junction, Wagner Construction jacked up the roof to level it and installed new bracing rafters, shingles, and eyebrow dormers. Workers also completed interior rehabilitation. David Taylor (right), conservator at Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens, assists Haywood Lee (left) of Historic Edenton in hanging a Regency gilt mirror at the James Iredell House in Edenton. The mirror is one of several valuable objects recently acquired for the house by the James Iredell Association. Work continues to prepare locomotive No. 604 for its fifteen-year inspection by the Federal Railway Administration. Hardworking museum mechanical volunteers are work-ing diligently on the effort, the first time the engine has been stripped down to the boiler shell since it was rebuilt in the early 1990s. Volunteers removed the appliances, controls, and sheet-metal jacket to expose the boiler shell. Then they carefully cleaned the surface so that precise measurements can be made using ultrasonic testing equipment. A contrac-tor will remove and replace the 302 boiler tubes, sandblast the interior, and inspect it. After that work is finished, the museum’s steam locomotive repair team will determine whether additional repairs are needed. They will look for cracks, deterioration, and metal that is beginning to wear. The aim of the repairs and inspection is to make No. 604 road-worthy, capable, safe, and reliable for the museum to operate for the next fifteen years. The locomotive is likely to be out of service until 2003 inasmuch as professional contrac-tors to do the sort of work needed are in short supply. In February, Historic Bath observed the 250th anniversary of the Palmer-Marsh House (ca. 1751) with a symposium. Among speakers at the event were Dr. Jerry L. Cross, formerly a researcher with the Office of Archives and History, who reviewed the early his-tory of the house and its inhabitants; Dr. Linda Carnes-McNaughton, who summarized archaeological work conducted at the house; and William J. McCrea, former restoration specialist in the Historic Sites Section, who discussed restoration efforts carried out in response to a 1989 fire, as well as resulting discoveries made about the house. Free tours of the house in Bath preceded the symposium. Fort Fisher has added to its gift shop The Life and Times of Colonel William Lamb, 1835-1909, by Lamb’s grandson and namesake, William Lamb, who graciously allowed the Fort Fisher Restoration Committee to reprint the biography. The 195-page paper-back volume sells for $19.95. Colonel Lamb, scion of one of Norfolk’s oldest families, enjoyed wealth and in 1855 graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the College of William and Mary with a degree in law. Shortly thereafter, his family fled north to escape a yellow fever epidemic, and he met Sarah Anne “Daisy” Chaffee. They wed in 1857. After Virginia seceded from the Union, Lamb joined the Confederate army. In July 1862 he assumed command of Fort Fisher. By May 1863, Daisy and two of their children had joined him. 36 CAROLINA COMMENTS A number of buildings and locomotives at the North Carolina Transportation Museum in Spencer underwent repairs and renovations during the winter months. A contractor made extensive repairs to the roof of Barber Junction, shown here, and also conducted interior rehabilitation of the massive structure. The Lambs hosted politicians, officers, blockade-runners, and spies. After the war Colo-nel Lamb served as mayor of Norfolk (as his father and grandfather had done), initiated harbor and railroad improvements, supported reforms in education and the operations of orphanages, and was instrumental in securing reparations for the College of William and Mary. The book contains stories by Colonel Lamb, such as the following account of a visit to Fort Fisher by Gov. Zebulon B. Vance: We sometimes had our fun in camp. Zeb. Vance visited us not long after his election as Governor. . . . He wore a black, stove-pipe hat on the side of his head . . . the first appearance of a beaver in the garrison. He had not gone far, before from behind the barracks came the command, “Come out of that hat! I see your legs! Come out of that hat!” and presently concealed voices in different directions caught up the cry, “Come out of that hat! I see your legs! Come out of that hat!” Good-natured Zeb. rather enjoyed the joke, but it was not the reception I desired to give the Governor . . . . and I had the . . . battalion formed for review, which effectually squelched the fun. Next evening . . . an order was read threatening any soldier with punishment who should call out to a visitor to “come out of his hat.” Everything remained serene . . . until one morning I espied a bowlegged blockade running captain . . . with a great shade hat on his head. . . . He was about opposite one of the barracks when a sepulchral voice growled out, “Stay in that hat!” “Against orders to come out of that hat!” “I see your legs!” “Stay in that hat!”, which was repeated along the line. . . . I never issued another order on the hat question. The section cordially invites readers and friends to attend any or all of the following special events scheduled for the historic sites in April and May: April-May AYCOCK BIRTHPLACE. Living History Wednesday. Demonstrations of nineteenth-century farm and domestic skills. Every Wednesday. April 12 HISTORIC HALIFAX. Halifax Day. Annual commemoration of the adoption of the Halifax Resolves, the first call for independence in 1776. Halifax Restoration Association awards ceremony, dedication of Eagle Tavern museum, and tours of historic buildings. 9:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M. April 13 JAMES K. POLK MEMORIAL. Mexican War Encampment. Living history program with 1840s uniforms and equipment, weapons demonstrations, and reenactors depicting camp life. Visitors will welcome North Carolina troops back from the war with Mexico. Also a “mustering out” ceremony with politicians’ speeches and talks on North Carolina’s role in the Mexican War (1846-1848). 9:00 A.M.-4:30 P.M. April 20 NORTH CAROLINA TRANSPORTATION MUSEUM. Studebaker Car Show. April 20-21 FORT DOBBS. Militia Encampment. Eighteenth-century militia camp with artillery and small-arms demonstrations. Domestic demonstrations such as spinning and cooking. Picnic facilities available. Saturday, 1:00-5:00 P.M.; Sunday, 1:00-4:00 P.M. TOWN CREEK INDIAN MOUND. Eastern Woodlands Skills Weekend. Open-hearth cooking, meat-drying, native pottery techniques, spear- and arrow-making, flint-knapping, and storytelling. Representatives from Uwharrie National Forest, Morrow Mountain State Park, Pee Dee Wildlife Refuge, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Commission will have displays about their agencies and discuss wildlife/natural resource management and outdoor recreation opportunities. Saturday, 10:00 A.M.-4:00 P.M.; Sunday, 1:00-4:00 P.M. April 21 VANCE BIRTHPLACE. Spring Pioneer Living Day. Demonstrations of domestic skills typical of an 1830s mountain farmstead. 1:00-4:30 P.M. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 37 April 21 HISTORIC BATH. Bath Fun Day. An afternoon of music, crafts, and food in support of the town. Historic Bath offers open house at historic buildings. April 23-24 REED GOLD MINE. Heritage Days. Up to two thousand fourth-graders and teachers from surrounding counties view eighteenth- through twentieth-century life-style, crafts, and historical demonstrations. Designed to aid teachers and students with comprehension of state history and resources. Space limited and reservations required for panning and underground tours. Fee for panning. Local schools should contact Susan Smith at (704) 721-4653. 9:00 A.M.-2:00 P.M. April 27 BENNETT PLACE. Surrender Commemoration (not a reenactment). April 27-28 NORTH CAROLINA TRANSPORTATION MUSEUM. Rail Days. Celebration of North Carolina’s railroad history through train rides, other activities. Fee. April 28 HOUSE IN THE HORSESHOE. Spring Living History Day. Noon-5:00 P.M. May THOMASWOLFEMEMORIAL. Restoration of the Thomas Wolfe Memorial. Held in conjunction with Preservation Week. Presentations on the restoration project at the Wolfe Memorial. Telephone (828) 253-8304 for information. Date to be announced. May 4 BENTONVILLE BATTLEGROUND. Confederate Memorial Day. A memorial service will be held near the Confederate mass grave. Cosponsor: Harper House-Bentonville Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy. 11:00 A.M.- noon. FORT FISHER. Opening of permanent exhibits. Major new exhibits will be dedicated and officially opened to the public. Program will feature a ceremony with dignitaries and special speakers. May 9 HISTORIC BATH. National Tourism Week Open House. Free tours of Palmer-Marsh and Bonner Houses and refreshments for all visitors. May 10 FORT FISHER. Confederate Memorial Day. Annual program to honor Confederate soldiers who fought and died at Fort Fisher. May 11 HORNE CREEK LIVING HISTORICAL FARM. Sheep to Shawl. Activities include hand-shearing sheep, cleaning and spinning wool, dyeing yarn, quilting, and sewing. Displays of antique and reproduction clothing and quilts also included. 11:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M. May 16 ALAMANCE BATTLEGROUND. 231st anniversary of the Battle of Alamance. A commemoration featuring a wreath-laying ceremony, covered-dish picnic, and program. 6:00-9:00 P.M. May 18-19 ALAMANCE BATTLEGROUND. Eighteenth-Century Live-in and Militia Muster. Costumed interpretation of colonial domestic and military life. Saturday, 10:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M.; Sunday, 1:00-5:00 P.M. State Capitol/Visitor Services On May 18 and 19 the State Capitol will launch a new Civil War living history program titled “Secession Experiences, 1861.” The dramatic performance will transport visitors back in time to Raleigh in 1860 and 1861. Tour groups will meet several costumed characters who will shed light on the differing opinions held by North Carolinians about secession and the evolution of those opinions during the seven-month period from November 1860 to June 1861. Characters will include William Webster, the principal doorkeeper of the North Carolina House of Commons in 1860; William W. Holden, editor of the Raleigh North 38 CAROLINA COMMENTS Carolina Standard, who represented Wake County as a delegate to the May 1861 Secession Convention; Bartholomew F. Moore, a Raleigh lawyer who was one of the state’s most ardent Unionists; Cyrus Q. Lemmonds, a Democrat who served in the House of Commons; Graham Daves, private secretary to Gov. John W. Ellis; and Caroline Smith, a mother of two soldiers, who resided in southern Wake County. Tour groups, accompanied by a guide, will enter the Capitol each hour from 10:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. on Saturday and from 12:30 to 4:30 P.M. on Sunday. In addition to the drama, there will be a Confederate encampment and Civil War displays on Union (Capitol) Square. The performances are free of charge, but res-ervations are recommended. Telephone (919) 733-4994 to make reservations. On Friday, May 24, from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M., the State Capitol will sponsor a sym-posium in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of the dedication of the Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial. Lectures and displays will provide a look at the social and political effects of the Vietnam War on life in North Carolina. The program will be free to the public. Please telephone (919) 733-4994 for additional information. A Memorial Day commemorative event will take place on Union (Capitol) Square on Saturday, May 25, from 10:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M. An encampment highlighting the military history of America will feature dis-plays of uniforms and memorabilia from the wars in which North Carolina has participated. The College Foundation of North Carolina has generously partnered with the State Capitol Foundation to donate the printing of 500,000 Capitol brochures and bookmarks and 5,000 portfolios for distribution to visitors and schoolchildren. The materials contain the State Capitol’s new Internet Web address, www.ncstatecapitol.com, which is linked to the State Capitol/Visitor Services site, as well as the Foundation’s logo and Web address. The bookmarks will be given free of charge to each schoolchild who visits the Capitol. Spring tours of the Executive Mansion begin March 12 and continue through July 25. Tours are offered on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons at 2:00, 2:30, and 3:00 P.M. All tours are guided and include the six public rooms on the first floor. In addition to fine eighteenth- and nineteenth-century furnishings, a collection of paintings by North Caro-lina artists is displayed in these rooms. This year the Executive Mansion garden tours will take place from March 21 to June 13 on Thursday mornings at 9:30 and 10:30 A.M. Tours include the Rose Garden, the Southern Victorian Garden, the Shade Garden, the Kitchen Garden, and the Vegetable Garden. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 39 On May 24 the State Capitol will sponsor a symposium in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of the dedication of the Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial, which stands in the northeast quadrant of Union (Capitol) Square. This photograph was made on May 23, 1987, the date the monument was formally dedicated. In recent years the Rose Garden has sustained numerous setbacks, including the loss of many of the original plantings. Unfortunately, budget cutbacks have not allowed resto-ration of the garden. This spring the twenty-six Executive Mansion garden docents are spearheading the redesign and replanting of the garden. Docent Grayson Tucker, a master gardener, drew the plans for the restored Rose Garden, and the Executive Mansion docents are generously donating the funds for the purchase of plant materials. Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens During the past year, the Palace basement at Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens has been reinterpreted to provide a more accurate representation of its use in the eighteenth century. Guided by a 1783 written description of Tryon Palace and its gardens by Palace architect John Hawks that came to light in 1991 (see lead story in Carolina Comments, March 1992), a team of carpenters, painters, and historians led by curator Nancy Richards has renovated a “cellering” or storage room and “apartments” for a butler and house-keeper. A large center room in the basement was the first to be modified. It now illustrates the routine activities of the senior household managers—the butler and the housekeeper. Tryon Palace carpenters created two locked wooden storage “cages,” which were designed by architectural historian Peter Sandbeck and based on an eighteenth-century Craven County prototype. The butler’s primary responsibilities were the decanting and serving of wines and spirits and the maintenance of the flatware and plates. His “cage” contains bot-tled wines and spirits and the glassware necessary for the table and the tools for cleaning and sharpening the flatware. The housekeeper’s cage contains expensive foodstuffs such as tea and exotic spices, as well as such daily necessities as candles that she dispensed. Modifications to the space that became the butler’s chamber included downsizing the fireplace opening and mantel to proportions more appropriate for living quarters. Because surviving traces of eighteenth-century plaster on the original foundation con-firmed that the room had been plastered throughout, the walls were re-plastered (with the exception of a portion that exposes the original foundation) and given a coat of white 40 CAROLINA COMMENTS Among the primary responsibilities of the butler at Tryon Palace were the decanting and serving of wines and spirits. Accordingly, the recently installed butler’s “cage” at Tryon Palace, designed by architectural historian Peter Sandbeck and based on an eighteenth-century Craven County prototype, contains an array of bottled wines and glassware useful for table service. paint, simulating whitewash. The trim was painted yellow ochre. The choice of furnish-ings for this room and the housekeeper’s chamber was guided by a 1773 inventory of losses suffered by Governor Tryon following a fire at his Fort George, New York, resi-dence. In addition to a field bedstead (complete with mattress, feather bed bolster and pillows, a set of red-and-white-checked linen curtains, linen sheets, and a blanket), the butler’s chamber is furnished with a dressing table with washbowl and bottle, a small look-ing glass for grooming, several chairs, and a trunk and a small chest of drawers for storage. The renovated housekeeper’s chamber opened to the public for Tryon Palace’s 2001 holiday season. Although evidence of original plaster was not found on its surviving foun-dation, the room was plastered to correspond to the wall treatment of the butler’s cham-ber. Other modifications included reducing the fireplace opening, building a new wall in front of the 1950s fireplace, and installing shallow storage closets on either side of the new opening. The prototype for the closets is found in the Coor-Gaston House, another Tryon Palace property associated with John Hawks. With the Fort George inventory as a guide, the housekeeper’s chamber has been furnished with a high-post bedstead hung with ��old chintz” curtains, a dressing table with a floor-length white dressing cloth, a writing table, and a chest of drawers for storage. Because the inventory revealed that the bedchamber occupied by the housekeeper at Fort George was used to store seasonal or infrequently used household items, the Palace housekeeper’s chamber includes extra curtains for the first-floor public rooms, household and table linens, some fine china, and incidental chairs and tables neatly protected by dust covers in the corner. The year-long remodeling and refurnishing project offers visitors to Tryon Palace a more complete and realistic pic-ture of eighteenth-century life “below stairs” during Governor Tryon’s time. Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens cordially invites readers and friends to attend the following special events scheduled for the months of April and May: VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 41 The newly completed butler’s chamber at the Palace, pictured here, contains a field bedstead complete with mattress, feather bed, bolster and pillows, a set of red-and-white checked linen curtains, linen sheets, a blanket, and a few items of furniture. April 5-7 Gardeners Weekend. The Tryon Palace Gardens are open free to the public. More than thirty thousand spring flowers will fill the gardens with dazzling colors and fragrant smells. A special free garden lecture (see below) and the Annual Heritage Plant Sale (April 5 and 6) are part of Gardeners Weekend. The sale features heritage plants grown in the gardens at the Palace, plants native to the Coastal Plain region, and a variety of unusual and hard-to-find plants. Tryon Palace Auditorium, 9:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M. April 6 Garden lecture: “Big, Bold and Bodacious.” Designer Edith Eddleman will offer tips on how to think big in the garden, regardless of the amount of space available. Ms. Eddleman has designed perennial gardens for public and private gardens throughout North Carolina and the nation, including the J. C. Raulston Arboretum in Raleigh, Duke Gardens in Durham, Maryland’s Brookside Gardens, and the Denver Botanic Gardens. Tryon Palace Auditorium, 10:00 A.M. Free. May 11 Garden lecture: “Beautiful Lawns for Coastal Carolina.” Turf-grass expert Greg Goudeau will share tips on how to improve the appearance of lawns. Tryon Palace Auditorium, 10:00 A.M. Admission fee. News from State History Museums North Carolina Museum of History The museum has received from the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation of Winston-Salem a grant in the amount of ten thousand dollars to develop and present the 2002 Civil Rights Symposium, a daylong event that will examine key aspects of the Civil Rights movement in North Carolina. The symposium, tentatively scheduled for the month of October, will be the first in a series of annual programs that will highlight different aspects of the state’s civil rights history. This year’s gathering will focus on school desegregation in North Carolina. Noted historians will deliver lectures that examine the many changes that have taken place in the state’s public education system. Students, teachers, parents, and com-munity leaders who experienced those changes will share their stories as part of a panel discussion. A specific date for the conclave will be announced later. Staff Notes Rachel Perkinson has begun work as an interpreter I at Duke Homestead State Historic Site in Durham. At the North Carolina Museum of History in Raleigh, Dr. Joseph C. Por-ter has been named chief curator, Dr. Sally Peterson has resigned the position of curator of folklife, and Timothy Callicutt has resigned the position of adult and special programs coordinator. Howard Draper has joined the staff of the Museum of the Albemarle in Eliza-beth City as a museum specialist. At the Museum of the Cape Fear Historical Complex in Fayetteville, Katie Jenifer has resigned the position of coordinator for the 1897 Poe House. An Important Message to Our Readers Beginning immediately, Carolina Comments will be available in its present form via the Internet. Readers interested in accessing the newsletter on the World Wide Web should go to the following address: www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/sections/hp/comments/default.htm. The January 2002 issue of the publication, as well as all forthcoming issues, will likewise be available online. 42 CAROLINA COMMENTS Colleges and Universities Campbell University Lloyd Johnson presented a paper titled “Welsh Ethnicity in Colonial South Carolina” at the Biennial Phi Alpha Theta Conference, which took place in San Antonio, Texas, in December 2001. Rorin Platt joined the history faculty at Campbell in August 2001, and Jaclyn Stanke completed her doctoral dissertation at Emory University that same month. L. T. Easley, adjunct professor of history, died on September 22, 2001. Duke University William H. Chafe, Raymond Gavins, and Robert Korstad are joint editors of Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell About Life in the Segregated South (New York: New Press, 2001). The publication is an outgrowth of the “Behind the Veil” Project of the Duke Uni-versity Center for Documentary Studies. High Point University On October 26, 2001, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Peng Deng addressed the Fourth Convention of the Association of Chinese Professors of Social Sciences in the United States. His topic was “Cultural Disorientation and Cultural Reconstruction in China.” Philip N. Mulder is the author of A Controversial Spirit: Evangelical Awakenings in the South (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002); the volume is part of the series Religion in America. Frederick Schneid has recently published Napoleon’s Italian Campaigns: 1805-1815 (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002). Richard B. McCaslin’s article “In the Shadow of Washington: Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy” appeared in North and South 4 (April 2001); the article was based on Dr. McCaslin’s volume Lee in the Shadow of Wash-ington (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001). University of North Carolina at Pembroke Kathleen Hilton recently published two entries in Miriam Forman-Brunell, ed., Girlhood in America: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols. (Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC Clio, 2001). State, County, and Local Groups Chapel Hill Historical Society Ken Zogry, author of The University’s Living Room: A History of the Carolina Inn, as well as numerous articles on topics of history, architecture, and material culture, was guest speaker at the society’s December 21 meeting. He discussed the history of the famous hostelry. Chuck Stone, Walter Spearman Professor of Journalism and Mass Communica-tion, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, addressed the society on January 21. He titled his remarks “Reclaiming the Beauty, the Love, and the Power of [Dr. Martin Luther] King’s Lost Legacy.” On February 10 Wesley W. Egan Jr., career diplomat and former ambassador to Jordan and assistant ambassador to Egypt, discussed his experiences in the Middle East and offered his view of current affairs in that region. The society sponsored the presentation. New Bern Historical Society The society will host its spring Historic Homes and Gardens Tour on Friday and Saturday, April 5 and 6, from 10:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. The annual event, cosponsored with the New Bern Preservation Foundation, features a variety of private residences, private gardens, and public buildings open to public tours. For additional information, telephone Joann Ashton at (252) 638-8558 or Barbara Howlett at (252) 633-6448 or direct an e-mail to nbhistoricalsoc@coastalnet.com. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 43 CAROLINA COMMENTS (ISSN 0576-808X) Published in January, March, May, July, September, and November by the Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina Jeffrey J. Crow, Editor in Chief Robert M. Topkins, Editor Historical Publications Section Office of Archives and History 4622 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-4622 Telephone (919) 733-7442 Fax (919) 733-1439 www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/sections/hp Presorted Standard U.S. Postage Paid Raleigh, NC Permit No. 187
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Title | Carolina comments |
Date | 2002-03 |
Description | Volume 50, Number 2, (March 2002) |
Digital Characteristics-A | 524 KB; 24 p. |
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application/pdf |
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Full Text | VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2 MARCH 2002 Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum to Observe Centennial This year the Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum, a state historic site in Guilford County, is celebrating the centennial of Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown’s creation in 1902 of Palmer Memorial Institute, an educational institution she headed for fifty years. Dr. Brown’s school became the nation’s preeminent preparatory school for African Ameri-cans and the school of choice for well-to-do blacks in the age of Jim Crow. Brown, born in North Carolina but educated in Massachusetts, was only nineteen years old and nearly penniless when she began her school with a handful of rural students. Yet through excep-tional personal courage, perseverance, powers of persuasion, faith in God, intellect, and some good luck at times, she succeeded, and she and her school became nationally known. Her formula for success was based on a shrewd, timely, and changing mix of accommoda-tion, activism, education, hard work, propriety, and social graces. Palmer Memorial Insti-tute turned out more than one thousand graduates (many of them still leaders today) before it closed its doors in 1971, ten years after Dr. Brown’s death. This year the Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum is commemorating the centennial of Palmer Memorial Institute, the nationally recognized preparatory school Dr. Brown founded in 1902. Charlotte Hawkins Brown achieved success in her endeavors by emphasizing a number of positive attributes, including an abiding belief in the importance of knowing and practicing the social graces. In this photograph, made about 1918, Dr. Brown is stylishly attired in the fashions of that period. (All photographs by the Office of Archives and History unless otherwise indicated.) The museum inaugurated its series of special centennial activities during February, which was Black History Month throughout the nation. The first such event was the for-mal opening of Canary Cottage, Dr. Brown’s residence on campus since 1927, as a fur-nished house museum for visitors. Speaking at the affair were Dr. Jeffrey J. Crow, deputy secretary of Cultural Resources; Palmer graduate and state representative H. M. “Mickey” Michaux; Jeanne Rudd, former museum manager, current mayor of Sedalia (the town in which the museum is located), and president of the Charlotte Hawkins Brown Historical Foundation; and Historic Sites Section administrator James R. McPherson. The restora-tion and furnishing of Canary Cottage has been a lengthy process, with special support from the Brown foundation, which made the furnishing project possible (see January 2002 issue of Carolina Comments). Researcher Howard Hendricks produced a furnishings plan in 1993, and over the past year in particular furnishings specialist Marian Inabinett has led a Historic Sites team in completing the collecting, preparing, and installing of fur-nishings from the house itself or from antiques dealers and others in an effort to make Canary Cottage appear as it did in the 1930s and 1940s. The house interior reflects not only trends in interior design in those decades but also Dr. Brown’s own personality and interests, such as music, represented by her restored piano in the home. Several dozen additional pieces original to the cottage are presently in the house, among them a settee, two chairs, a china cabinet with original china and silver, a sideboard, a table, and two dressers. Items from antiques dealers, as well as reproductions (such as a group of oriental rugs), complete the furnishings. In addition to Canary Cottage, of course, numerous other buildings (such as the Massachusetts Congregational Women’s Cottage) on the old Palmer campus have received the attention of section employees and contractors, who have been busy painting and carrying out additional renovations for the centennial. 22 CAROLINA COMMENTS Canary Cottage, built in 1927, was Charlotte Hawkins Brown’s official resi-dence at Palmer Memorial Institute for decades. The house has been reopened to the public as a house museum with furnishings representing not only typical styles of the 1930s and 1940s but also Dr. Brown’s own personality and interests. This view of the cottage is from its left (east) end. Historic furnishings specialist Marian Inabinett, here shown examining a piece of sheet music at Dr. Brown’s beloved piano in Canary Cottage, led efforts by the Historic Sites Section to collect, prepare, and install furnishings that would reflect the way the house looked during the many years Dr. Brown resided there. In addition to the restored piano, a number of items original to the house have been preserved as part of the overall furnishing plan. Following the opening of Canary Cottage, Black History Month proceeded apace at the museum. On Tuesdays and Thursdays throughout the month, graduate student Kevin Bailey of North Carolina Central University presented programs on African American inventors for area students. Each Saturday museum staff member Barbara Wiley and for-mer manager Jeanne Rudd offered etiquette workshops to teach refined manners in the style of Dr. Brown. The instructors emulated Dr. Brown’s own style of teaching her stu-dents with the book Brown herself wrote in 1941, The Correct Thing to Do, to Say, to Wear, which was of course required reading for all Palmer students. On February 10 the museum repeated a very popular program from 2001 on the famed Tuskegee Airmen of World War II, who not only proved that black men could fly aircraft competently but also established a superb record in the European theater of com-bat. After receiving racially segregated training at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, more than 925 pilots earned their wings, and 450 went to Europe to fly fighter planes and suc-cessfully escort Allied bombers. Of more than 300 Tuskegee Airmen still alive, about two dozen live in North Carolina, and a number of them appeared at the program to address hundreds of spectators. On the evening of February 13, Dr. Freddie L. Parker, chairman of the history department at North Carolina Central University, author of Running for Free-dom: Slave Runaways in North Carolina, 1775-1840, and current member of the North Carolina Historical Commission, delivered a public lecture titled “Slavery and the Law” for interested guests at the museum. On February 16 African American genealogist and retired archivist Minnie Peebles and Historic Sites Section curator of education Edward Morris presented a well-received workshop on African American genealogy. They reviewed such standard family history sources in the North Carolina State Archives as wills, deeds, and marriage and census records but also emphasized special resources to aid African American genealogy. They likewise discussed Web sites for black family history, cohabitation records of former slaves made in 1868 and 1869, and the special challenges inherent in locating specific informa-tion on slaves as compared to material on free blacks. Special activities continued throughout February and into March. On February 23 the Brown Memorial Singers performed a concert of Negro spirituals at Bethany Church, across from the museum. The group, which has re-created a musical team first established by Dr. Brown before 1920, includes about a dozen male and female vocalists from the Sedalia area. Two days later the museum, in collaboration with Alamance Battleground VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 23 This room is one of several second-story bedrooms at Canary Cottage furnished with historically accurate items in preparation for the February reopening of the cottage as a house museum. State Historic Site, sponsored a regional history bowl quiz competition for eighth-grade students. Teams from eight middle schools competed in the contest. During March a series of special programs for Women’s History Month took place at the museum. The major event in March, however, was a conference at the downtown Marriott Hotel in Greensboro, March 21-23, that marked the principal scholarly commemoration of the centennial of Brown’s educational work. The conclave, titled “Origins of Excel-lence: African American Education in North Carolina: Past, Perspectives, and Prospects,” featured speakers and information about not only Palmer Memorial Institute but also the other historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) located throughout North Carolina. Those institutions include Barber-Scotia College in Concord, Bennett College in Greensboro, Elizabeth City State University, Johnson C. Smith University in Charlotte, Livingstone College in Salisbury, Fayetteville State University, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in Greensboro, North Carolina Central University in Dur-ham, Shaw University in Raleigh, St. Augustine’s College in Raleigh, and Winston-Salem State University. On the first evening of the conference, Dr. Dorothy Yancey, president of Johnson C. Smith, delivered the keynote lecture. The following day began with an illustrated paper by Charles Wadelington and Dr. Richard F. Knapp, both of the Historic Sites Section, Office of Archives and History, and authors of Charlotte Hawkins Brown and Palmer Memorial Institute (1999). Then several Palmer experts, including alumnus Representative Michaux and Ruth Totton, who taught and worked at the institute for many years, answered questions and recounted their per-sonal experiences at the school. Admissions officers from a variety of the state’s HBCUs offered short profiles of each of the schools. Ernest Suggs of the Atlanta Constitution (and formerly with the Durham Herald-Sun) and author of a newspaper series on HBCUs, dis-cussed the colleges and universities, their heritage, and the challenges they may encounter in coming years. A session on politics and social movements at the HBCUs, which had a substantial impact on the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, featured the contributions of Dr. Jarvis Hall, chairman of the political science department at North Carolina Central; Alex Rivera, retired professional photographer and southeastern correspondent for the Pittsburgh Courier (1946-1974), who took numerous photographs at Palmer; William Bar-ber, a Goldsboro pastor; and Dr. Freddie L. Parker. The day ended with a discussion of athletics at the HBCUs led by Clarence “Big House” Gaines, retired head basketball coach at Winston-Salem State, whose teams won 828 games (the third-highest record in the National Collegiate Athletics Association) in forty-seven years. The final day of the centennial conference began with a round-table discussion of the challenges facing the HBCUs by their chancellors, and in some cases presidents. A session on archives at the HBCUs included Dr. Benjamin Speller, dean of the School of Library and Information Sciences at North Carolina Central, Catherine J. Morris, state archivist of North Carolina; Edward Morris of Historic Sites and formerly an archivist; Linda Simmons-Henry of St. Augustine’s College; and Edward Southern, chief records manage-ment analyst for the North Carolina State Archives. Dr. Donna Benson, associate vice-president for academic affairs, Office of the President, University of North Carolina, and Dr. Beverly Washington Jones, dean of the university college at North Carolina Cen-tral, led a discussion of women’s leadership in education. Numerous current college stu-dents read papers on student life at the HBCUs. A late-afternoon tour of the Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum and its grounds preceded a closing banquet at the hotel. The centennial festivities will not end with the conference. Readers are invited to attend various coming events, including a Palmer alumni weekend and golf tournament (June 7-9) and the concurrent African American Heritage Festival at the museum (June 8). Upcoming special events include a 1940s-theme dance (September); “It’s About Time,” a program primarily for school students (October), and a Founder’s Day celebration (likewise in October). Please telephone the museum at (336) 449-4846 or go to its Web site (www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/sections/hs/chb/chb.htm) for additional information. 24 CAROLINA COMMENTS A&H Site Manager Appears as Guest on Network TV Special Dorothy Spruill “Dot” Redford, manager of Somerset Place State Historic Site, situated adjacent to Lake Phelps in eastern North Carolina, was featured as a major guest and inter-viewee on the January 18, 2002, NBC television special “Roots: Celebrating 25 Years.” The program dealt with the powerful and lingering impact of the miniseries Roots, televised for eight consecutive nights in January 1977. The series, based on Alex Haley’s 1976 Pulitzer Prize-winning historical novel of the same name, dramatized the saga of his own black family during seven generations from Africa through slavery to freedom. Roots won nine Emmy awards and attracted a phenomenal 130 million viewers, the largest audience for a show to that time. The series also fostered an immense interest in genealogy, particularly among African Americans. Dot Redford was one of many people who began their own study of family history at about that time. Ms. Redford, then a successful social worker in Portsmouth, Virginia, and her daughter Deborah (now with the North Carolina Museum of Art) watched Roots and, like millions of others, discussed the program for weeks. Deeply moved by the series, Ms. Redford returned to her birthplace in Columbia, North Carolina, and began asking her parents about the little-discussed family heritage. She soon learned that four generations of her ancestors had been slaves on the enormous Somerset plantation nearby, along with more than eight hundred other people enslaved over about eighty years. For ten years she traced the lives of Somerset slaves and their descendants through interviews, fieldwork, and archival inquiry. When she visited Somerset Place State Historic Site, she initially found virtually no mention of the hundreds of enslaved blacks connected with the planta-tion for so many years. Retiring from her social-work career, she joined the small staff at Somerset and today is the manager of the site at which four generations of her family were enslaved. Today, under her leadership, the black presence at the site is increasingly remembered. For instance, a reconstructed small slave cabin stands at the plantation, and contractors currently are at work reconstructing a large former slave quarter known as Old Sucky’s house, and a historic slave hospital. Both innovative buildings are expected to be completed during the summer. As director at Somerset, Redford planned the enormously successful 1986 home-coming of slave descendants, which attracted international media attention and the pres-ence of Alex Haley himself. Her own popular book, Somerset Homecoming: Recovering a Lost Heritage, was published in 1988 by Doubleday in New York and reprinted in 2000 by the University of North Carolina Press in Chapel Hill. Haley called her book “the best, most beautifully researched, thoroughly presented black family history that I know of.” The fourth and most recent homecoming, held in August 2001, as well as Ms. Redford’s appearance on the recent NBC special, again drew substantial attention. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 25 In mid-January, Dorothy Spruill “Dot” Redford appeared as a featured guest and interviewee on an NBC television special titled “Roots: Celebrating 25 Years.” Ms. Redford, a successful social worker in Portsmouth, Virginia, when the 1977 miniseries was first televised, was so inspired by the program that she embarked on a study of her own family history, ultimately discovering that she herself was the descendant of slaves who labored at Somerset plantation in Washington County. She eventually joined the staff at Somerset Place State Historic Site and is presently manager of the site, at which four generations of her family were enslaved. “Roots: Celebrating 25 Years” featured thoughtful reflections by Ms. Redford and oth-ers on the enormous impact of the groundbreaking series and the continuity and change that have marked the black experience in America since the programs first aired. Among a host of other people who appeared on the anniversary program (which included clips from the original episodes) were poet Maya Angelou of Winston-Salem and actors who had been cast in the 1977 series, among them LeVar Burton (who starred as Kunta Kinte) and Ed Asner. State Historic Preservation Office Hosts Regional Meeting In late September 2001 the State Historic Preservation Office (HPO), with the assistance of the Office of State Archaeology (OSA), hosted the annual meeting of Southeastern State Historic Preservation Officers (SESHPO) and staffs. Statesville and Iredell County served as the site of the meeting, which was held in conjunction with the annual statewide confer-ence of Preservation North Carolina (PNC). Through coordination with PNC, the HPO was able to offer those in attendance a program that was both affordable and beneficial in terms of content, sessions, and events. HPO and OSA staff coordinated six sessions exclusively for SESHPO registrants, including a plenary session. Additional sessions were devoted to review and compliance, preservation tax credits, design review and enforcement, and issues connected with the National Register of Historic Places. Many of the gatherings were held in historic build-ings such as the Greek Revival-style main building of Mitchell College and the 1892 Statesville City Hall. SESHPO registrants continued their exchange of information infor-mally at an evening tour of and dinner at historic Davidson College. Despite tight budgets throughout the Southeast, forty-four people (from as far away as Maryland and Louisiana) attended the meeting. Among the participants were Nancy Miller Schamu, executive director of the National Conference of State Historic Preserva-tion Officers, and Julie Fix, director of programs for the Civil War Trust. Both women have offices in Washington, D.C. Just over three hundred people attended the entire PNC conference, which as in past years afforded HPO staff an opportunity to help plan and par-ticipate in PNC sessions and to answer numerous questions. The PNC annual meeting for 2002 is tentatively scheduled for September 12-14 in Fayetteville. 26 CAROLINA COMMENTS Last September the State Historic Preservation Office, with the assistance of the Office of State Archaeology, hosted the annual meeting of the Southeastern State Historic Preservation Officers (SESHPO) and their staffs. Those who attended the meeting posed for this photograph in front of the historic Statesville City Hall. A&H Staff Participate in Environmental Event On October 24, 2001, employees of the Office of Archives and History (A&H) who are members of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources’ (DCR) Project Green Task Force joined with representatives of additional state government agencies to partici-pate in the NC Green 2001 Exposition, which took place on the Halifax Mall in the state government complex in Raleigh. In an effort to educate visitors at the event, the A&H staff fielded three major displays: one on the recycling of historic buildings, mounted by the State Historic Preservation Office (HPO); another on wetlands restoration, created by the North Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort; and a third on wetlands restoration and storm-water management, produced by Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens in New Bern. Departmental colleagues Katherine Reynolds of the North Carolina Arts Council and Wanda Pierce of the DCR budget office joined A&H employees David Christenbury of the HPO and Donna E. Kelly, administrator of the Historical Publications Section, in serving as volunteer guides and on-site hosts for the event. David Brook, administrator of the HPO, chairs the DCR task force, and Ms. Kelly represents the DCR on the NC Project Green Advisory Team, which coordinated the celebration. In conjunction with the Green Expo gala, Ms. Kelly edited and posted on the World Wide Web (at www.SustainableNC.org/) DCR’s Year 2001 Sustainability Report. The report addresses (1) tax credit programs for the rehabilitation and reuse of historic structures, (2) electronic scheduling of visitors, (3) the development of a department-wide envi-ronmentally based landscape management policy and plan, (4) wetland restoration projects at Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens and the North Carolina Maritime Museum, (5) trails and open spaces at the North Carolina Museum of Art, and (6) the recycling of exhibit materials at the North Carolina Museum of History. Coe Foundation Assists Development of OSA Research Center On November 6, 2001, Dr. Jeffrey J. Crow, deputy secretary of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources (DCR); David J. Olson, Director of the Office of Archives and History’s Division of Historical Resources; and Stephen R. Claggett, state archaeologist, met with Patricia S. Rose and Robert A. Schwager of the Coe Foundation for Archaeological Research (CFAR) to discuss archaeological issues and accept from CFAR a contribution in the amount of one thousand dollars to be used in conjunction VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 27 Some of the staff members of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources (DCR) who participated in the NC Green 2001 Exposition are pictured here. Shown left to right are Priscilla Speed Hunter of Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens; Keith Giamportone, AIA, consultant to Tryon Palace; Donna E. Kelly, Historical Publications Section; Heyward McKinney, North Carolina Museum of Art; David Brook, State Historic Preservation Office (HPO) and DCR Project Green chairman; David Christenbury of the HPO; Scott Kucera, North Carolina Maritime Museum; and Al Honeycutt Jr. and Tim E. Simmons, both of the HPO. with the new Office of State Archaeology (OSA) Research Center. Since its creation in 1988, CFAR has contributed financial and developmental support for numerous profes-sional, private, and governmental archaeological programs in North Carolina. The organi-zation, formerly known as the North Carolina Center for Archaeological Research, was renamed in 1999 to honor the late Joffre Lanning Coe, professor emeritus, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. During CFAR’s formative years Dr. Coe, widely regarded as “the father of North Carolina archaeology,” served as a technical adviser to the organization. Financial contributions in support of DCR programs are always appreciated; but at a time when budget shortfalls have greatly reduced state funding, public contributions make critical differences in the department’s ability to serve the people of North Carolina. For many years the contributions of the Coe Foundation have enhanced state archaeological programs, professional and student research, and educational initiatives. The founda-tion’s support for North Carolina archaeology programs takes many forms but is gener-ally directed toward increasing support for archaeological research and public education programs. For thirteen years the foundation has made donations of money and equipment to the OSA, and CFAR volunteers have individually contributed labor and equipment as well. Moreover, the foundation has donated computers to the Queen Anne’s Revenge project, given more than a dozen framed artworks to the new OSA Research Center, contributed funds to support North Carolina Archaeology Month and additional archaeology-related forums and projects, and funded graduate student research projects in many parts of the state. For additional information on the activities of the Coe Foundation, visit its Web site, www.coe-foundation.org; telephone (919) 715-5496, ext. 17; or write to CFAR, P.O. Box 25311, Raleigh, NC 27611. Recent Changes in North Carolina NRAC Membership On July 1, 2001, N. Jim Crawford retired from the North Carolina National Register Advisory Committee (NRAC) upon completion of three consecutive two-year terms, as dictated by the body’s bylaws. Mr. Crawford, a former seven-term state legislator from 28 CAROLINA COMMENTS On November 6, 2001, representatives of the Coe Foundation for Archaeological Research (CFAR) met with North Carolina’s state archaeologist and other leaders of the Office of Archives and History (A&H) to make a contribution in the amount of one thousand dollars to be used in conjunction with the new Office of State Archaeology Research Center. Pictured left to right are Dr. Jeffrey J. Crow, deputy secretary of A&H; David J. Olson, director of the Division of Historical Resources, A&H; Robert A. Schwager and Patricia S. Rose of CFAR; and Stephen R. Claggett, state archaeologist. Buncombe County and a devoted historic preservationist, served on the committee as a representative of the North Carolina Historical Commission. David Brook, deputy state historic preservation officer, and staff of the State Historic Preservation Office recognized Mr. Crawford’s service in a brief ceremony during the June 14, 2001, NRAC meeting in Raleigh. In addition, Jeffrey J. Crow, state historic preservation officer, presented Mr. Crawford with a certificate of distinguished service on the NRAC. Dr. Crow filled the vacancy left by Mr. Crawford’s retirement with the appointment of Richard L. Mattson to a two-year term that commenced July 1, 2001. With M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in geogra-phy from the University of Illinois at Urbana, Dr. Mattson has worked in North Carolina and other states throughout the nation as a historic preservation consultant since the late 1970s. Among dozens of North Carolina projects, he conducted an extensive architectural survey of Nash County and wrote The History and Architecture of Nash County, North Carolina, published in 1987. Since 1991 he has been a principal in the firm of Mattson, Alexander and Associates of Charlotte. In January 2002 Dr. Max R. Williams resigned from the NRAC. Dr. Williams, who like Mr. Crawford served as a representative of the North Carolina Historical Commission, is retired from Western Carolina University, at which he was a professor of history for many years and presently serves as an adjunct professor. Dr. Williams has an abiding interest in William A. Graham, North Carolina’s governor from 1845 to 1849, and has written exten-sively on Graham and other topics in North Carolina history. Dr. Crow appointed Millie M. Barbee to complete Dr. Williams’s term on the committee. Ms. Barbee is president and chief executive officer of the Hickory Metro Convention and Visitors Bureau and a longtime member of the North Carolina Historical Commission. She previously served several terms on the NRAC and has served on the boards of Preservation North Carolina and the Federa-tion of North Carolina Historical Societies. As executive director of the Historic Burke Foundation from 1982 to 1991, Ms. Barbee was instrumental in the restoration of the Old Burke County Courthouse and was coauthor of Historic Burke: An Architectural Sites Inventory of Burke County. The NRAC is a twelve-member body comprised of historians, architectural histori-ans, architects, archaeologists, and citizen members who have demonstrated competence, interest, or knowledge in historic preservation. It reviews North Carolina applications to the National Register of Historic Places and advises the state historic preservation officer on whether or not properties should be nominated to the register. The National Register is maintained by the National Park Service. NCSU Libraries to Create New Resource on History of Forestry The NCSU Libraries, the Biltmore Estate Company of Asheville, and the Forest History Society of Durham have received a North Carolina ECHO (Exploring Cultural Heritage Online) grant in the amount of $48,100 to fund a major Web-based resource for research on the forestry history of North Carolina. The Carl Alwin Schenck Collection, housed in the Special Collections Department of the NCSU Libraries, forms the foundation of for-estry history resources among the three institutions. It chronicles the development of America’s first school of forestry, the Biltmore Forestry School, founded by Schenck. It also documents the beginnings of North Carolina’s lumber and forestry industries. As part of the project, primary research materials from the collection—including photographs, diaries, correspondence, artifacts, and printed materials—will be digitized and made freely accessible via the Internet. The Web site is expected to be available for viewing by the summer of 2002. The NCSU Libraries Special Collections Department plans to digitize more than one thousand photographs dating from 1889 to 1951 that detail life at the Biltmore Forestry School, forest-study tours in America and Europe, and forestry training programs. Of VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 29 special interest are photographs of George Vanderbilt and the Biltmore estate in Asheville. Text-based documents scheduled for digitization include Schenck’s diaries, journals, and letters dating from 1890 to 1954. Those materials include information concerning his experiences at school, his years as a forester, and his life in Germany. Also included are turn-of-the-twentieth-century biographical sketches of students at the forestry school, often supplemented by photographic portraits. The text collection likewise contains works by other authors, such as Romeyn B. Hough’s The American Woods: Exhibited by Actual Specimens and with Copious Explanatory Text (1888, 1910), a rare fourteen-volume set of indi-vidual wood samples (350 plates in all). The entire set will be processed, scanned, and dig-itized as part of the overall project. NEH Challenge Grants Are Special Initiative for Local History The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) has announced a special initiative to help small institutions improve humanities resources in local history. The initiative’s goals are: (1) to build opportunities for research, education, and public programs in local history, especially in communities underserved by humanities activities; (2) to establish long-term partnerships among educational and cultural organizations in com-munities; (3) to help organizations with strategic planning; and (4) to build bases of finan-cial support for long-term programming. Awards ranging from $10,000 to $100,000 will require recipients to raise an equal amount from non-federal sources. Except for the one-to-one matching ratio (NEH challenge grants normally require a match of either three- or four-to-one), guidelines for the challenge grants program govern the initiative and should be used to prepare applications. The guidelines are available from the NEH Web site: http://www.neh.gov. Construction and renovation support is not offered under the special initiative. Any U.S. nonprofit organization that has not previously held an NEH challenge grant is eligible to apply. Check challenge grants guidelines for complete eligibil-ity requirements. Preference will be given to institutions with annual budgets of less than $100,000 and to institutions setting up new endowments for humanities programs. Examples of activities include a permanent lecture series, a continuing exhibition series, ongoing seminar programs for adults, archival research projects, improved care of collec-tions, electronic field trips, community walking tours, neighborhood documentation pro-jects for students K-12, and continuing teacher workshops using local history resources. Spending from an endowment is restricted to humanities activities, but many types of expenses are allowed. Funds can be used to pay fees and honoraria for speakers and con-sultants, to acquire and preserve humanities materials, to pay publicity costs, to defray rental costs for facilities, to support standing advisory boards, and to provide salary sup-plements for staff who work on programming. Funds can be used to defray costs of equip-ment and technological improvements necessary for the activities. Information on how to apply is available at the NEH Web site. Obituary Sammie Lee Shine, a longtime employee of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, died in Raleigh on January 16, 2002, at the age of fifty-eight. He was born on December 5, 1943, in Byromville, Georgia, and graduated from high school in Tampa, Florida. After attending Saint Augustine’s College in Raleigh, he began his career with the department. At the time of his death he was minority outreach coordinator for the agency, having previously served as a newspaper and later microfilm archivist and Governor’s Papers archivist with the Archives and Records Section, Division of Historical Resources, Office of Archives and History. As a result of his thirty-five years of dedicated service to the department and to state government, he received the John R. Larkins Award in 2000. 30 CAROLINA COMMENTS News from Historical Resources Archives and Records Section Work on improving the arrangement, description, and preservation of materials in the State Archives relating to Black Mountain College is progressing well. This project, funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), has sparked national and international interest not only because of the avant-garde theories of education that were put into practice at the college but because of the well-known artists, writers, musicians, dancers, photographers, designers, and others who attended the institution or taught there. The college remained open from 1933 to 1956 near the town of Black Mountain, North Carolina. This current project to preserve information about the college began in the fall of 2000 with the employment of Joshua M. Dillon as a part-time clerk. Dillon has since completed his master’s degree in the Public History program at North Carolina State University and continues to work on the project. In March 2001 Ashley A. Yandle came from the South Carolina Historical Society to work as the grant-funded project archivist. Barbara T. Cain is the project supervisor, and J. R. Lankford is the project director. Work on the North Carolina Museum of Art’s Black Mountain College Research Pro-ject, 1971-1974 (ca. 44 cubic feet) has been completed except for the ongoing preserva-tion copying and identification of some four thousand slides and about ninety interview tapes. Arrangement and description has likewise been completed for the Martin Duberman Collection (P.C. 1678), which contains the materials Duberman gathered in researching his book on the college (ca. 27 cu. ft.). The original finding aid to the 75 cubic feet of Black Mountain College Records has been entered into the Archives’ MARS elec-tronic finding aid indexed to the folder level and enhanced in description to facilitate access. The poor quality of paper used for many of the college records and correspon-dence has necessitated the deacidification of about three thousand pages thus far. Before the project ends in August, finding aids for the sixteen other private collections relating to faculty or students at the college will be reviewed and enhanced where necessary, and all the finding aids will become available on the Web, as well as in MARS. This spring the improved Web site for the Archives and Records Section will include a gallery of images from Black Mountain College, along with additional information on the college and the State Archives’ college-related holdings. In addition, Archives staff will digitize the minutes (1933-1956) of meetings both of the school’s Board of Fellows and its faculty. The digitization project will greatly aid researchers interested in individuals connected with the college or in the general history of the college and its influence on art, literature, and education in the twentieth century. On February 3 the Outer Banks History Center (OBHC) in Manteo held two free one-hour community heritage workshops to introduce the public to the types of records useful in researching family history. Karen L. Spiers presented a program titled “Caring for Your Family Treasures,” which covered the basics of proper handling and storage of photographs, letters, diaries, scrapbooks, textiles, and other memorabilia as a means of helping to assure their preservation, and Lou Overman offered a presentation titled “Genealogy 101: What You Need to Know to Start Researching Your Family History.” OBHC personnel, especially Brian D. Edwards, helped prepare an exhibit honoring the legacy of Capt. Warren O’Neal of Manteo, whose innovative hull design heavily influenced the Roanoke Island boat-building industry. The exhibit opened February 4 at Roanoke Island Festival Park in Manteo. The OBHC replaced its popular gallery exhibit Pirates’ Jam-boree Revisited with a special display of Civil War drawings rendered by Edwin Graves Champney, a Union soldier stationed on Hatteras Island in 1863. This exhibit remained on display during the second half of February. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 31 The Friends of the Archives, Inc. held its annual staff appreciation luncheon on Feb-ruary 18. The luncheon is a long-standing tradition by the Friends to support and recog-nize the Archives and Records staff for its work in managing, preserving, and providing access to North Carolina’s public records. Historical Publications Section The Historical Publications Section has issued a second printing (two thousand copies) of the revised edition of Society in Colonial North Carolina, by Alan D. Watson. The original edi-tion of the title appeared in 1975 and was reprinted in 1982. It sold out in 1989 and remained out of print until 1996, when the revised edition was produced. The volume (147 pages, bound in paper; illustrations; index) describes day-to-day life in North Carolina before the American Revolution. It focuses on such topics as education, health, recreation, religion, transportation, town life, marriage, death, servitude, and slavery. Copies of Society are available at $10.00 each, plus $4.00 for shipping. Residents of North Carolina must add 65 cents for state sales tax. Order from: Historical Publications Sec-tion, Office of Archives and History, 4622 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-4622. The section displayed its publications at the annual meeting of the Southern Histori-cal Association (SHA) in New Orleans, Louisiana, November 17-19, 2001. Donna E. Kelly, administrator of the Historical Publications Section, and Frances W. Kunstling, the section’s marketing specialist, hosted the book exhibit and attended sessions. More than twelve hundred historians who study and teach about the South attended the SHA’s annual meeting. Michael Hill, editor of the ninth revised edition of Guide to North Carolina Highway His-torical Markers, spoke about the state’s highway marker program at Quail Ridge Books in Raleigh on January 16. Following his talk, Hill signed copies of the new highway marker guide, which the Office of Archives and History published in November 2001. Approxi-mately forty-five people attended the program and book signing. Enormous newspaper publicity has spurred sales of this popular title. Through an arrangement with the State Employees’ Credit Union (SECU), members of that organization may purchase the book at a discount. As a result of both the media coverage and the SECU agreement, 4,500 cop-ies of the publication have been sold in three months. 32 CAROLINA COMMENTS Michael Hill, editor of the ninth revised edition of the Guide to North Carolina Highway Historical Markers, discussed the state’s highway marker program during an appearance at Quail Ridge Books in Raleigh on January 16. At the conclusion of his remarks, Hill (seated) signed copies of the new highway marker guide for purchasers of the volume. On January 25 Donna Kelly and Frances Kunstling journeyed to Asheville to attend a meeting of the Appalachian Consortium, where they explored joint publication options. On January 26 and 27 they attended the Winter Conclave of the Publishers’ Association of the South, held at Asheville’s Renaissance Hotel. Publishers from all over the South gathered there to discuss better ways of marketing publications via the Internet and electronic mail. News from State Historic Sites Historic Sites Section Work has begun on shaping the emerging Division of State Historic Sites as a major com-ponent of the new Office of Archives and History within the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources. The division, which places all departmental historic sites under one organization directed by Kay P. Williams, includes 27 historical attractions with 258 per-manent employees, 304 temporary employees, and a state budget of about $12 million. Many of the attractions were opened to the public thirty or forty years ago. At present they offer historical programming to a new audience that is more diverse than ever before, gen-erally computer literate, accustomed to being entertained, and expectant of high-quality living history programs and interactive opportunities. Moreover, the sites face greater competition from other historical and alternative attractions. Hurricane Floyd, the state budget crisis, September 11, and the national recession have altered the division’s finan-cial stability. More than ever, change is needed to meet the challenge of providing exciting and enjoyable historical programs to a very different audience. In January about sixty people from the new division and its support groups met for an all-day organizational design meeting. Ms. Williams’s guidelines called for an organiza-tional design (with more decentralized operations and sections roughly equal in size and resources) to enhance the ability of state historic sites to develop and expand pub-lic- private partnerships; share resources; tell an integrated, layered, and diverse story; increase earned income; and grow in operating efficiency and the employment of technology. Support groups generously funded the costs of the important work session. Participants in the meeting embodied considerable diversity in terms of geography, eth-nicity, gender, and longevity. They divided into work teams, which prepared recommen-dations for a new divisional organizational scheme and selected a member of a resolution team to review all design concepts. At the conclusion of a two-week comment period, the team began working with divisional director Kay Williams and departmental deputy sec-retary Jeffrey J. Crow to determine the best design concept to recommend to Secretary of Cultural Resources Lisbeth C. Evans. Implementation of a new divisional structure is ex-pected to occur at some point in the future. It’s All About Attitude, a traveling exhibit from the North Carolina Museum of History that celebrates the 1999 Special Olympics World Summer Games, has been on display at Town Creek Indian Mound. The exhibit highlights the worldwide competition that brought nearly 7,000 athletes from 150 countries to North Carolina, marking the largest international sporting event ever held in the state and the largest such event in the world that year. The exhibit recalled the Special Olympics movement, athletes and volunteers, the Law Enforcement Torch Run® for Special Olympics, the host town program, and other aspects of the games. It’s All About Attitude left Town Creek in January to continue its journey across the state. Alamance Battleground State Historic Site hosted its twenty-second Colonial Living Week in October. With assistance from volunteers and sectional employees, a total of 2,063 visitors (including 1,240 students from eight counties) enjoyed various living his-tory demonstrations. Visitors learned about open-fire cooking, cider-making, meat pres-ervation, surveying, flintlock weapons, militia camp life, artillery, toys, and making paper. Tours of the John Allen House offered another look at colonial life. There in December VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 33 34 CAROLINA COMMENTS guests enjoyed a Christmas pudding event, which introduced them to various puddings, several with early origins, and the traditions behind them. Recipes for the featured pud-dings (Quaking, Marlborough, Quince, Figgy, Plum, and Saucy Snow Camp Molasses) were provided in an attractive handout accompanied by historical background informa-tion. The event proved very popular with the public. In October 2001 Historic Edenton marked the 250th anniversary of the birth of James Iredell with a variety of activities from hands-on instruction for students to a special reception during a week-long celebration that attracted about seven hundred visitors. On display in the visitor center were posters created by Chowan County fourth-graders that depicted important events in Iredell’s life. Staff members researched and sewed new bed hangings and rearranged furnishings to display the bed chamber in the Iredell House as if in preparation for the birth of a child in the mid-eighteenth century. Colonial Living His-tory Days, a concurrent three-day event, enabled more than six hundred students to enjoy hands-on activities, house tours, and games. A reception at the visitor center included proclamation of James Iredell Day in Edenton, presentation of a paper on Iredell, and remarks about the key role of the Daughters of the American Revolution in preserving the Iredell House. Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens conservator David Taylor later consulted with and assisted Historic Edenton in mounting and hanging valuable artifacts recently acquired by the James Iredell Association. He was at the site for the arrival of the artifacts from Charleston, South Carolina. Working under less than ideal conditions (including a deadline, lighting problems, and staff and volunteers busily decorating and cleaning the Iredell House for Christmas events set to begin the next day), Taylor and the site staff mounted two handsome Regency gilt mirrors and hung a ca. 1780 ceramic water cistern. More than one thousand visitors toured the Iredell House during the two-day holiday event, enjoying period decorations and special musical performances and sampling cook-ies, eggnog, and hot cider. During Alamance Battleground State Historic Site’s twenty-second Colonial Living Week, held last October, site interpreter Jewel Clark (right), in costume, demonstrated colonial-era food-preparation techniques for visitors. The annual event attracted more than two thousand visitors. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 35 In November the North Carolina Transportation Museum (NCTM) and the Rowan County Convention and Visitors Bureau hosted simultaneous week-long national conven-tions of the Association of Railway Museums (ARM) and Tourist Railroad Association Incorporated (TRAIN). Some 325 delegates came from as far away as Australia and England. The occasion was both entertaining and educational and included trips to the Great Smoky Mountain Railway, Tweetsie Railroad, an operating Charlotte trolley, and the Carolinas Aviation Museum. At the NCTM, participants took part in seminars, toured the shops, and rode the train. Seminars included discussions about collections manage-ment, volunteer recruitment, special events, disaster management, and train operations. NCTM interpretive volunteer Jack Nicolay has secured a grant in the amount of $1,000 from IBM to be used in making one of the museum’s rail coaches more accessible for handicapped visitors. A local Civitan club likewise contributed to the project. IBM offers grants of up to $1,000 cash or selected IBM personal computer equipment for spe-cific projects involving education, assistance to handicapped citizens, or specific commu-nity benefit. The NCTM gift shop has sold more than one hundred custom HO-scale boxcars in a year. As many as fifteen cars have been sold in a single week. The oxide-red Accurail cars feature the NCTM logo, full reporting marks, and Kadee-type couplers. Volunteer Vince Librizzi hand builds the cars and introduced the idea of selling them in the gift shop. Pub-lic response to the boxcars has led to the creation of a similar HO-scale model of the museum’s steam locomotive No. 604. Mr. Librizzi arranged for production of such a model, which is now offered for sale at the gift shop. Throughout the winter, repairs and maintenance were under way on various build-ings and locomotives at the NCTM, among them the Back Shop, the Flue Shop, Barber Junction, and locomotive No. 604. The Back Shop abatement process to remove lead paint has been completed by LVI Services, with a walk-through inspection in late Novem-ber followed by final corrections. Ramsey, Burgin, Smith Architects has prepared draw-ings for the next phase of Back Shop work, which includes repairs to masonry, roof, and windows, as well as replacement of skylights. In the Flue Shop exhibit area, Wagner Con-struction Company finished a new concrete stamped floor, identical to the one in the roundhouse. Museum staff installed a second ventilation fan and extra electrical outlets and painted the exhibit facades. The Flue Shop reopened to the public in January. At Bar-ber Junction, Wagner Construction jacked up the roof to level it and installed new bracing rafters, shingles, and eyebrow dormers. Workers also completed interior rehabilitation. David Taylor (right), conservator at Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens, assists Haywood Lee (left) of Historic Edenton in hanging a Regency gilt mirror at the James Iredell House in Edenton. The mirror is one of several valuable objects recently acquired for the house by the James Iredell Association. Work continues to prepare locomotive No. 604 for its fifteen-year inspection by the Federal Railway Administration. Hardworking museum mechanical volunteers are work-ing diligently on the effort, the first time the engine has been stripped down to the boiler shell since it was rebuilt in the early 1990s. Volunteers removed the appliances, controls, and sheet-metal jacket to expose the boiler shell. Then they carefully cleaned the surface so that precise measurements can be made using ultrasonic testing equipment. A contrac-tor will remove and replace the 302 boiler tubes, sandblast the interior, and inspect it. After that work is finished, the museum’s steam locomotive repair team will determine whether additional repairs are needed. They will look for cracks, deterioration, and metal that is beginning to wear. The aim of the repairs and inspection is to make No. 604 road-worthy, capable, safe, and reliable for the museum to operate for the next fifteen years. The locomotive is likely to be out of service until 2003 inasmuch as professional contrac-tors to do the sort of work needed are in short supply. In February, Historic Bath observed the 250th anniversary of the Palmer-Marsh House (ca. 1751) with a symposium. Among speakers at the event were Dr. Jerry L. Cross, formerly a researcher with the Office of Archives and History, who reviewed the early his-tory of the house and its inhabitants; Dr. Linda Carnes-McNaughton, who summarized archaeological work conducted at the house; and William J. McCrea, former restoration specialist in the Historic Sites Section, who discussed restoration efforts carried out in response to a 1989 fire, as well as resulting discoveries made about the house. Free tours of the house in Bath preceded the symposium. Fort Fisher has added to its gift shop The Life and Times of Colonel William Lamb, 1835-1909, by Lamb’s grandson and namesake, William Lamb, who graciously allowed the Fort Fisher Restoration Committee to reprint the biography. The 195-page paper-back volume sells for $19.95. Colonel Lamb, scion of one of Norfolk’s oldest families, enjoyed wealth and in 1855 graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the College of William and Mary with a degree in law. Shortly thereafter, his family fled north to escape a yellow fever epidemic, and he met Sarah Anne “Daisy” Chaffee. They wed in 1857. After Virginia seceded from the Union, Lamb joined the Confederate army. In July 1862 he assumed command of Fort Fisher. By May 1863, Daisy and two of their children had joined him. 36 CAROLINA COMMENTS A number of buildings and locomotives at the North Carolina Transportation Museum in Spencer underwent repairs and renovations during the winter months. A contractor made extensive repairs to the roof of Barber Junction, shown here, and also conducted interior rehabilitation of the massive structure. The Lambs hosted politicians, officers, blockade-runners, and spies. After the war Colo-nel Lamb served as mayor of Norfolk (as his father and grandfather had done), initiated harbor and railroad improvements, supported reforms in education and the operations of orphanages, and was instrumental in securing reparations for the College of William and Mary. The book contains stories by Colonel Lamb, such as the following account of a visit to Fort Fisher by Gov. Zebulon B. Vance: We sometimes had our fun in camp. Zeb. Vance visited us not long after his election as Governor. . . . He wore a black, stove-pipe hat on the side of his head . . . the first appearance of a beaver in the garrison. He had not gone far, before from behind the barracks came the command, “Come out of that hat! I see your legs! Come out of that hat!” and presently concealed voices in different directions caught up the cry, “Come out of that hat! I see your legs! Come out of that hat!” Good-natured Zeb. rather enjoyed the joke, but it was not the reception I desired to give the Governor . . . . and I had the . . . battalion formed for review, which effectually squelched the fun. Next evening . . . an order was read threatening any soldier with punishment who should call out to a visitor to “come out of his hat.” Everything remained serene . . . until one morning I espied a bowlegged blockade running captain . . . with a great shade hat on his head. . . . He was about opposite one of the barracks when a sepulchral voice growled out, “Stay in that hat!” “Against orders to come out of that hat!” “I see your legs!” “Stay in that hat!”, which was repeated along the line. . . . I never issued another order on the hat question. The section cordially invites readers and friends to attend any or all of the following special events scheduled for the historic sites in April and May: April-May AYCOCK BIRTHPLACE. Living History Wednesday. Demonstrations of nineteenth-century farm and domestic skills. Every Wednesday. April 12 HISTORIC HALIFAX. Halifax Day. Annual commemoration of the adoption of the Halifax Resolves, the first call for independence in 1776. Halifax Restoration Association awards ceremony, dedication of Eagle Tavern museum, and tours of historic buildings. 9:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M. April 13 JAMES K. POLK MEMORIAL. Mexican War Encampment. Living history program with 1840s uniforms and equipment, weapons demonstrations, and reenactors depicting camp life. Visitors will welcome North Carolina troops back from the war with Mexico. Also a “mustering out” ceremony with politicians’ speeches and talks on North Carolina’s role in the Mexican War (1846-1848). 9:00 A.M.-4:30 P.M. April 20 NORTH CAROLINA TRANSPORTATION MUSEUM. Studebaker Car Show. April 20-21 FORT DOBBS. Militia Encampment. Eighteenth-century militia camp with artillery and small-arms demonstrations. Domestic demonstrations such as spinning and cooking. Picnic facilities available. Saturday, 1:00-5:00 P.M.; Sunday, 1:00-4:00 P.M. TOWN CREEK INDIAN MOUND. Eastern Woodlands Skills Weekend. Open-hearth cooking, meat-drying, native pottery techniques, spear- and arrow-making, flint-knapping, and storytelling. Representatives from Uwharrie National Forest, Morrow Mountain State Park, Pee Dee Wildlife Refuge, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Commission will have displays about their agencies and discuss wildlife/natural resource management and outdoor recreation opportunities. Saturday, 10:00 A.M.-4:00 P.M.; Sunday, 1:00-4:00 P.M. April 21 VANCE BIRTHPLACE. Spring Pioneer Living Day. Demonstrations of domestic skills typical of an 1830s mountain farmstead. 1:00-4:30 P.M. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 37 April 21 HISTORIC BATH. Bath Fun Day. An afternoon of music, crafts, and food in support of the town. Historic Bath offers open house at historic buildings. April 23-24 REED GOLD MINE. Heritage Days. Up to two thousand fourth-graders and teachers from surrounding counties view eighteenth- through twentieth-century life-style, crafts, and historical demonstrations. Designed to aid teachers and students with comprehension of state history and resources. Space limited and reservations required for panning and underground tours. Fee for panning. Local schools should contact Susan Smith at (704) 721-4653. 9:00 A.M.-2:00 P.M. April 27 BENNETT PLACE. Surrender Commemoration (not a reenactment). April 27-28 NORTH CAROLINA TRANSPORTATION MUSEUM. Rail Days. Celebration of North Carolina’s railroad history through train rides, other activities. Fee. April 28 HOUSE IN THE HORSESHOE. Spring Living History Day. Noon-5:00 P.M. May THOMASWOLFEMEMORIAL. Restoration of the Thomas Wolfe Memorial. Held in conjunction with Preservation Week. Presentations on the restoration project at the Wolfe Memorial. Telephone (828) 253-8304 for information. Date to be announced. May 4 BENTONVILLE BATTLEGROUND. Confederate Memorial Day. A memorial service will be held near the Confederate mass grave. Cosponsor: Harper House-Bentonville Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy. 11:00 A.M.- noon. FORT FISHER. Opening of permanent exhibits. Major new exhibits will be dedicated and officially opened to the public. Program will feature a ceremony with dignitaries and special speakers. May 9 HISTORIC BATH. National Tourism Week Open House. Free tours of Palmer-Marsh and Bonner Houses and refreshments for all visitors. May 10 FORT FISHER. Confederate Memorial Day. Annual program to honor Confederate soldiers who fought and died at Fort Fisher. May 11 HORNE CREEK LIVING HISTORICAL FARM. Sheep to Shawl. Activities include hand-shearing sheep, cleaning and spinning wool, dyeing yarn, quilting, and sewing. Displays of antique and reproduction clothing and quilts also included. 11:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M. May 16 ALAMANCE BATTLEGROUND. 231st anniversary of the Battle of Alamance. A commemoration featuring a wreath-laying ceremony, covered-dish picnic, and program. 6:00-9:00 P.M. May 18-19 ALAMANCE BATTLEGROUND. Eighteenth-Century Live-in and Militia Muster. Costumed interpretation of colonial domestic and military life. Saturday, 10:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M.; Sunday, 1:00-5:00 P.M. State Capitol/Visitor Services On May 18 and 19 the State Capitol will launch a new Civil War living history program titled “Secession Experiences, 1861.” The dramatic performance will transport visitors back in time to Raleigh in 1860 and 1861. Tour groups will meet several costumed characters who will shed light on the differing opinions held by North Carolinians about secession and the evolution of those opinions during the seven-month period from November 1860 to June 1861. Characters will include William Webster, the principal doorkeeper of the North Carolina House of Commons in 1860; William W. Holden, editor of the Raleigh North 38 CAROLINA COMMENTS Carolina Standard, who represented Wake County as a delegate to the May 1861 Secession Convention; Bartholomew F. Moore, a Raleigh lawyer who was one of the state’s most ardent Unionists; Cyrus Q. Lemmonds, a Democrat who served in the House of Commons; Graham Daves, private secretary to Gov. John W. Ellis; and Caroline Smith, a mother of two soldiers, who resided in southern Wake County. Tour groups, accompanied by a guide, will enter the Capitol each hour from 10:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. on Saturday and from 12:30 to 4:30 P.M. on Sunday. In addition to the drama, there will be a Confederate encampment and Civil War displays on Union (Capitol) Square. The performances are free of charge, but res-ervations are recommended. Telephone (919) 733-4994 to make reservations. On Friday, May 24, from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M., the State Capitol will sponsor a sym-posium in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of the dedication of the Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial. Lectures and displays will provide a look at the social and political effects of the Vietnam War on life in North Carolina. The program will be free to the public. Please telephone (919) 733-4994 for additional information. A Memorial Day commemorative event will take place on Union (Capitol) Square on Saturday, May 25, from 10:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M. An encampment highlighting the military history of America will feature dis-plays of uniforms and memorabilia from the wars in which North Carolina has participated. The College Foundation of North Carolina has generously partnered with the State Capitol Foundation to donate the printing of 500,000 Capitol brochures and bookmarks and 5,000 portfolios for distribution to visitors and schoolchildren. The materials contain the State Capitol’s new Internet Web address, www.ncstatecapitol.com, which is linked to the State Capitol/Visitor Services site, as well as the Foundation’s logo and Web address. The bookmarks will be given free of charge to each schoolchild who visits the Capitol. Spring tours of the Executive Mansion begin March 12 and continue through July 25. Tours are offered on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons at 2:00, 2:30, and 3:00 P.M. All tours are guided and include the six public rooms on the first floor. In addition to fine eighteenth- and nineteenth-century furnishings, a collection of paintings by North Caro-lina artists is displayed in these rooms. This year the Executive Mansion garden tours will take place from March 21 to June 13 on Thursday mornings at 9:30 and 10:30 A.M. Tours include the Rose Garden, the Southern Victorian Garden, the Shade Garden, the Kitchen Garden, and the Vegetable Garden. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 39 On May 24 the State Capitol will sponsor a symposium in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of the dedication of the Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial, which stands in the northeast quadrant of Union (Capitol) Square. This photograph was made on May 23, 1987, the date the monument was formally dedicated. In recent years the Rose Garden has sustained numerous setbacks, including the loss of many of the original plantings. Unfortunately, budget cutbacks have not allowed resto-ration of the garden. This spring the twenty-six Executive Mansion garden docents are spearheading the redesign and replanting of the garden. Docent Grayson Tucker, a master gardener, drew the plans for the restored Rose Garden, and the Executive Mansion docents are generously donating the funds for the purchase of plant materials. Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens During the past year, the Palace basement at Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens has been reinterpreted to provide a more accurate representation of its use in the eighteenth century. Guided by a 1783 written description of Tryon Palace and its gardens by Palace architect John Hawks that came to light in 1991 (see lead story in Carolina Comments, March 1992), a team of carpenters, painters, and historians led by curator Nancy Richards has renovated a “cellering” or storage room and “apartments” for a butler and house-keeper. A large center room in the basement was the first to be modified. It now illustrates the routine activities of the senior household managers—the butler and the housekeeper. Tryon Palace carpenters created two locked wooden storage “cages,” which were designed by architectural historian Peter Sandbeck and based on an eighteenth-century Craven County prototype. The butler’s primary responsibilities were the decanting and serving of wines and spirits and the maintenance of the flatware and plates. His “cage” contains bot-tled wines and spirits and the glassware necessary for the table and the tools for cleaning and sharpening the flatware. The housekeeper’s cage contains expensive foodstuffs such as tea and exotic spices, as well as such daily necessities as candles that she dispensed. Modifications to the space that became the butler’s chamber included downsizing the fireplace opening and mantel to proportions more appropriate for living quarters. Because surviving traces of eighteenth-century plaster on the original foundation con-firmed that the room had been plastered throughout, the walls were re-plastered (with the exception of a portion that exposes the original foundation) and given a coat of white 40 CAROLINA COMMENTS Among the primary responsibilities of the butler at Tryon Palace were the decanting and serving of wines and spirits. Accordingly, the recently installed butler’s “cage” at Tryon Palace, designed by architectural historian Peter Sandbeck and based on an eighteenth-century Craven County prototype, contains an array of bottled wines and glassware useful for table service. paint, simulating whitewash. The trim was painted yellow ochre. The choice of furnish-ings for this room and the housekeeper’s chamber was guided by a 1773 inventory of losses suffered by Governor Tryon following a fire at his Fort George, New York, resi-dence. In addition to a field bedstead (complete with mattress, feather bed bolster and pillows, a set of red-and-white-checked linen curtains, linen sheets, and a blanket), the butler’s chamber is furnished with a dressing table with washbowl and bottle, a small look-ing glass for grooming, several chairs, and a trunk and a small chest of drawers for storage. The renovated housekeeper’s chamber opened to the public for Tryon Palace’s 2001 holiday season. Although evidence of original plaster was not found on its surviving foun-dation, the room was plastered to correspond to the wall treatment of the butler’s cham-ber. Other modifications included reducing the fireplace opening, building a new wall in front of the 1950s fireplace, and installing shallow storage closets on either side of the new opening. The prototype for the closets is found in the Coor-Gaston House, another Tryon Palace property associated with John Hawks. With the Fort George inventory as a guide, the housekeeper’s chamber has been furnished with a high-post bedstead hung with ��old chintz” curtains, a dressing table with a floor-length white dressing cloth, a writing table, and a chest of drawers for storage. Because the inventory revealed that the bedchamber occupied by the housekeeper at Fort George was used to store seasonal or infrequently used household items, the Palace housekeeper’s chamber includes extra curtains for the first-floor public rooms, household and table linens, some fine china, and incidental chairs and tables neatly protected by dust covers in the corner. The year-long remodeling and refurnishing project offers visitors to Tryon Palace a more complete and realistic pic-ture of eighteenth-century life “below stairs” during Governor Tryon’s time. Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens cordially invites readers and friends to attend the following special events scheduled for the months of April and May: VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 41 The newly completed butler’s chamber at the Palace, pictured here, contains a field bedstead complete with mattress, feather bed, bolster and pillows, a set of red-and-white checked linen curtains, linen sheets, a blanket, and a few items of furniture. April 5-7 Gardeners Weekend. The Tryon Palace Gardens are open free to the public. More than thirty thousand spring flowers will fill the gardens with dazzling colors and fragrant smells. A special free garden lecture (see below) and the Annual Heritage Plant Sale (April 5 and 6) are part of Gardeners Weekend. The sale features heritage plants grown in the gardens at the Palace, plants native to the Coastal Plain region, and a variety of unusual and hard-to-find plants. Tryon Palace Auditorium, 9:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M. April 6 Garden lecture: “Big, Bold and Bodacious.” Designer Edith Eddleman will offer tips on how to think big in the garden, regardless of the amount of space available. Ms. Eddleman has designed perennial gardens for public and private gardens throughout North Carolina and the nation, including the J. C. Raulston Arboretum in Raleigh, Duke Gardens in Durham, Maryland’s Brookside Gardens, and the Denver Botanic Gardens. Tryon Palace Auditorium, 10:00 A.M. Free. May 11 Garden lecture: “Beautiful Lawns for Coastal Carolina.” Turf-grass expert Greg Goudeau will share tips on how to improve the appearance of lawns. Tryon Palace Auditorium, 10:00 A.M. Admission fee. News from State History Museums North Carolina Museum of History The museum has received from the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation of Winston-Salem a grant in the amount of ten thousand dollars to develop and present the 2002 Civil Rights Symposium, a daylong event that will examine key aspects of the Civil Rights movement in North Carolina. The symposium, tentatively scheduled for the month of October, will be the first in a series of annual programs that will highlight different aspects of the state’s civil rights history. This year’s gathering will focus on school desegregation in North Carolina. Noted historians will deliver lectures that examine the many changes that have taken place in the state’s public education system. Students, teachers, parents, and com-munity leaders who experienced those changes will share their stories as part of a panel discussion. A specific date for the conclave will be announced later. Staff Notes Rachel Perkinson has begun work as an interpreter I at Duke Homestead State Historic Site in Durham. At the North Carolina Museum of History in Raleigh, Dr. Joseph C. Por-ter has been named chief curator, Dr. Sally Peterson has resigned the position of curator of folklife, and Timothy Callicutt has resigned the position of adult and special programs coordinator. Howard Draper has joined the staff of the Museum of the Albemarle in Eliza-beth City as a museum specialist. At the Museum of the Cape Fear Historical Complex in Fayetteville, Katie Jenifer has resigned the position of coordinator for the 1897 Poe House. An Important Message to Our Readers Beginning immediately, Carolina Comments will be available in its present form via the Internet. Readers interested in accessing the newsletter on the World Wide Web should go to the following address: www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/sections/hp/comments/default.htm. The January 2002 issue of the publication, as well as all forthcoming issues, will likewise be available online. 42 CAROLINA COMMENTS Colleges and Universities Campbell University Lloyd Johnson presented a paper titled “Welsh Ethnicity in Colonial South Carolina” at the Biennial Phi Alpha Theta Conference, which took place in San Antonio, Texas, in December 2001. Rorin Platt joined the history faculty at Campbell in August 2001, and Jaclyn Stanke completed her doctoral dissertation at Emory University that same month. L. T. Easley, adjunct professor of history, died on September 22, 2001. Duke University William H. Chafe, Raymond Gavins, and Robert Korstad are joint editors of Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell About Life in the Segregated South (New York: New Press, 2001). The publication is an outgrowth of the “Behind the Veil” Project of the Duke Uni-versity Center for Documentary Studies. High Point University On October 26, 2001, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Peng Deng addressed the Fourth Convention of the Association of Chinese Professors of Social Sciences in the United States. His topic was “Cultural Disorientation and Cultural Reconstruction in China.” Philip N. Mulder is the author of A Controversial Spirit: Evangelical Awakenings in the South (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002); the volume is part of the series Religion in America. Frederick Schneid has recently published Napoleon’s Italian Campaigns: 1805-1815 (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002). Richard B. McCaslin’s article “In the Shadow of Washington: Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy” appeared in North and South 4 (April 2001); the article was based on Dr. McCaslin’s volume Lee in the Shadow of Wash-ington (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001). University of North Carolina at Pembroke Kathleen Hilton recently published two entries in Miriam Forman-Brunell, ed., Girlhood in America: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols. (Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC Clio, 2001). State, County, and Local Groups Chapel Hill Historical Society Ken Zogry, author of The University’s Living Room: A History of the Carolina Inn, as well as numerous articles on topics of history, architecture, and material culture, was guest speaker at the society’s December 21 meeting. He discussed the history of the famous hostelry. Chuck Stone, Walter Spearman Professor of Journalism and Mass Communica-tion, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, addressed the society on January 21. He titled his remarks “Reclaiming the Beauty, the Love, and the Power of [Dr. Martin Luther] King’s Lost Legacy.” On February 10 Wesley W. Egan Jr., career diplomat and former ambassador to Jordan and assistant ambassador to Egypt, discussed his experiences in the Middle East and offered his view of current affairs in that region. The society sponsored the presentation. New Bern Historical Society The society will host its spring Historic Homes and Gardens Tour on Friday and Saturday, April 5 and 6, from 10:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. The annual event, cosponsored with the New Bern Preservation Foundation, features a variety of private residences, private gardens, and public buildings open to public tours. For additional information, telephone Joann Ashton at (252) 638-8558 or Barbara Howlett at (252) 633-6448 or direct an e-mail to nbhistoricalsoc@coastalnet.com. VOLUME 50, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2002 43 CAROLINA COMMENTS (ISSN 0576-808X) Published in January, March, May, July, September, and November by the Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina Jeffrey J. Crow, Editor in Chief Robert M. Topkins, Editor Historical Publications Section Office of Archives and History 4622 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-4622 Telephone (919) 733-7442 Fax (919) 733-1439 www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/sections/hp Presorted Standard U.S. Postage Paid Raleigh, NC Permit No. 187 |
OCLC number | 02047645 |