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NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMAL SPECIES OF NORTH CAROLINA 2006 Eastern Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) Photo by Alvin Braswell; courtesy of the N.C. Museum of Natural Sciences Compiled by Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Vertebrate Zoologist Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMAL SPECIES OF NORTH CAROLINA 2006 Compiled by Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Vertebrate Zoologist Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as further data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list for various reasons. The list is published periodically, generally every two years. Further information on these species may be obtained by contacting the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601, or by contacting the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 1722 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1722. Additional information on rare species, as well as a downloadable version of this rare animal list, can be obtained from the Natural Heritage Program's website at <www.ncnhp.org>. i TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LIST FORMAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 STATUS OF ANIMAL TAXA ON NHP RARE ANIMAL LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 MAMMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 BIRDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 REPTILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 AMPHIBIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 FRESHWATER FISHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 MOLLUSKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 FRESHWATER BIVALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 FRESHWATER GASTROPODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 ARACHNIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 CRUSTACEANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 INSECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 MAYFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 STONEFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 CADDISFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 DRAGONFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 DAMSELFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 FLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 MOTHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 BUTTERFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 BEETLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 TRUE BUGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 MAMMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 BIRDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 REPTILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 AMPHIBIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 FRESHWATER FISHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 MOLLUSKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 FRESHWATER BIVALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 FRESHWATER GASTROPODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 ii ARACHNIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 CRUSTACEANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 INSECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 MAYFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 STONEFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 CADDISFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 DRAGONFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 DAMSELFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 MOTHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 BUTTERFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 BEETLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 EXTIRPATED ANIMALS IN NORTH CAROLINA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 MAMMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 BIRDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 FRESHWATER FISHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 MOLLUSKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 FRESHWATER BIVALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA ANIMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 MAMMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 BIRDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 REPTILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 AMPHIBIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 FISHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 INSECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 BUTTERFLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 SIGNIFICANT 2006 REVISIONS TO THE ANIMAL LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 INDEX OF GENERA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM SPECIAL ANIMAL SURVEY FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Portions of this list have been developed with the assistance of biologists in North Carolina and elsewhere. Scientific Councils for each vertebrate group and several invertebrates groups compiled the bulk of the rare species lists (for N.C. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species). Members of the current Scientific Councils are: MAMMALS -- David Webster (chair), Mary Kay Clark, Matina Kalcounis-Rüppell, Heather Koopman, Susan Loeb, Chris McGrath, Nancy Moncrief, David Rabon. Former members: Bill Adams, David Adams, Carl Betsill, Mary Bunch, John Funderburg, Nora Murdock, Roger Powell, Terry Sharpe, Peter Weigl. BIRDS -- John Gerwin (chair), Dave Allen, Walker Golder, Mark Johns, Harry LeGrand, Merrill Lynch, Jim Parnell, Ted Simons, Curtis Smalling, Haven Wiley. Former members: Allen Boynton, Phil Crutchfield, Herb Hendrickson, Tom Howard, Wayne Irvin, Dave Lee, Eloise Potter, Matt Rowe, Jeff Walters. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES -- Alvin Braswell (chair), Jeff Beane, Dick Bruce, Sarah Cross, Michael Dorcas, Matt Godfrey, Julian Harrison, Harold Heatwole, Dennis Herman, Wilson Laney, Dave Stephan. Former members: Ruth Boettcher, Nora Murdock, Bill Palmer, Jim Parnell, Wayne Van Devender, Dave Woodward. FRESHWATER FISHES -- Wayne Starnes (chair), Steve Fraley, Ryan Heise, Gabriela M. Hogue, Tom Kwak, Sarah McRae, Gerald Pottern, Angie Rodgers, Fred Rohde, Bryn Tracy. Former members: John Alderman, Alvin Braswell, Brooks Burr, Peter Coleman, David Etnier, Robert Jenkins, David Lindquist, Ed Menhinick, Anthony Mullis, Richard Neves, Richard Noble, Bill Palmer, Steve Ross, Jerry West. MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES [no longer active]-- Steve Ross (chair), Fred Rohde, David Lindquist. FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS -- Art Bogan (chair), Gregory Cope, Christopher Eads, John Fridell, Ryan Heise, Eugene Keferl, Jay Levine, Tim Savidge, Amy Van Devender, Scott Van Horn, Lora Zimmerman. Former members: John Alderman, Bill Adams, Dick Biggins, Andy Gerberich, Hugh Porter. FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL CRUSTACEANS -- John Clamp (chair), John Cooper, Gabriela M. Hogue, Janet Reid, Jeff Simmons. Former members: Bill Adams, John Alderman, David DeMont, Chris McGrath, Bill McLarney, Annette Taylor, Jan Williams. John Cooper (crayfishes), Dale Schweitzer (various groups but especially moths), Bo Sullivan (butterflies and moths), and Duncan Cuyler (dragonflies and damselflies) have been especially helpful in assisting the N.C. Natural Heritage Program (NC NHP) in the development of many of the invertebrate lists of rare species. Also, the Biological Monitoring group of the N.C. Division of Water Quality (especially Trish MacPherson, Kathy Herring, Dave Lenat, and Dave Penrose) drafted the lists of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies for a previous (2001) publication of the rare animal list; and Lenat drafted lists of additional aquatic insects, including beetles, for other versions of the NC NHP rare animal list. In addition to those above who helped compile the rare species lists, other persons need to be acknowledged for providing data on rare species and/or providing input on versions of the NC NHP rare animal list. Those who have made significant contributions (and not already listed above) include: Janice Allen, Hal Bain, Scott Bosworth, Sue Cameron, Susan Campbell, Mark Cantrell, Derb Carter, Jay Carter, Therese Conant, Will Cook, Sam Cooper, Bob Currie, Mark Danaher, Ricky Davis, Bob Dellinger, Phil Doerr, Aimee Fullerton, John Fussell, L.L. Gaddy, Ron Gatrelle, Gilbert Grant, Nelson Hairston, Paul Hart, Scott Hartley, Tom Henson, Richard Highton, Erich Hoffman, Cato Holler, Donna Hollingsworth, Joshua Laerm, Seth Lambiase, Kevin Markham, Jonathan Mays, Doug McNair, Jeff Nekola, James Padgett, Tom Padgett, Jesse Perry, James Petranka, Jeff iv Pippen, Judith Ratcliffe, Bob Rose, Mara Savacool, Frank Schwartz, Rowland Shelley, Mark Simpson, John Slapcinsky, Alan Smith, Ann Somers, Bob Soots, Phil Spivey, Simon Thompson, Brian Watson, Ted Wilcox, Logan Williams, Lori Williams, Chris Wilson, Randy Wilson. 1 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA INTRODUCTION The attached list of animals represents those species of vertebrates and invertebrates for which the N.C. Natural Heritage Program (NC NHP) is collecting data - in files and in a computer database. This is not strictly a list of protected animals; in fact, the majority of these species receive no formal protection whatsoever. Rather, it is a list of species that are endangered, threatened, or otherwise occur in small or unknown numbers in the state. The primary functions of the list are its use: 1) in determining priorities of inventory and protection for these animals - including the proposed listing of species for federal or state protection; 2) in determining priorities for protection of natural areas that contain such listed animals; and 3) in environmental assessments to "flag" rare species and their locations that might be negatively affected by proposed actions. The majority of the vertebrates, mollusks, and crustaceans on the list are those species currently listed for state protection by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC), based on lists of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), and Special Concern (SC) species developed nearly 20 years ago by Scientific Councils on mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, freshwater fishes, mollusks, and crustaceans. All of these species are included on this list, with the corresponding status listed in the "N.C. Status" column. (In addition, NC NHP is tracking other rare vertebrates, mollusks, and crustaceans not given a formal state designation. These species are considered to be Significantly Rare [SR] in North Carolina.) As of May 2006, Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, freshwater and terrestrial mollusks, and crustaceans are protected by state law, under the jurisdiction of the WRC. Protection for crustaceans (so far, only crayfishes) and certain venomous snakes was enacted in 2002. However, State law does not allow for protection of invertebrate groups other than mollusks and crustaceans. During 1997 and 1998, the Scientific Councils re-convened, prepared updated lists of species needing State protection, and submitted these lists to the WRC’s Nongame Wildlife Advisory Committee. These lists were sent to the WRC for review; and approved in 1999. A recent change in State law requires any proposed legislation (such as lists of Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species) must go to the State General Assembly; if there is no action by that body to overturn proposed legislation by a specified date, the legislation becomes law. Fortunately, these lists became law on July 1, 2002. Since that date, most Scientific Councils have met again and made additional proposed changes in state statuses, which have not yet been sent to the WRC for review and approval. Unlike with the previous NC NHP rare animal list (2004), these proposed changes in status are not listed in this current version (2006) of the rare animal list. Several councils have not yet provided proposed status changes, and thus coverage in the list would be uneven from animal group to animal group; also, the proposed statuses in the 2004 animal list have not yet been reviewed by WRC, and it may still be several more years before such proposed statuses become enacted into law. 2 The list of rare marine and estuarine fishes was presented in 1988 by the N.C. Museum of Natural Sciences. Except for the federally listed Endangered Shortnose Sturgeon, all other marine and estuarine fishes were listed in 1988 as "Vulnerable, Category 2". Because the Atlantic Sturgeon also occurs in fresh waters, it has been listed by WRC as a Special Concern species, and thus it is listed in this publication under Freshwater Fishes (as is the state Endangered Shortnose Sturgeon). Marine and estuarine fishes are under the jurisdiction of the N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries; however, this agency does not have a list of endangered, threatened, and special concern fishes. Beginning with the 2004 list, the NC NHP decided to no longer track (nor including on the Watch List) marine and estuarine fishes. This decision was not due to their lack of state listing; rather, we receive few data on such species, survey for such species can be cumbersome, protection of them is difficult if not impossible, and there has no been no recent systematic account of the rarity and distribution of the hundreds of such fishes that occur in our salt and brackish waters. NC NHP lists of rare invertebrates -- other than mollusks and crustaceans -- have been derived from multiple sources. These lists have been prepared in consultation with other biologists in North Carolina and in the eastern United States. Because none of the invertebrates -- other than mollusks and crayfishes -- have been given legal state protection by WRC as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern, these species are given a status of Significantly Rare by NC NHP. For the same reasons as for marine and estuarine fishes given above, the NC NHP is no longer keeping marine invertebrates on its Rare or Watch lists. NC NHP has also removed millipedes, scorpionflies, most beetles, ants, and annelids from its Watch List, primarily due to lack of new data on them and the apparent lack or scarcity of biologists working with these groups to provide data or provide updated lists of rare taxa. Beginning with this 2006 list, the NC NHP has moved ostracods from the Rare List to the Watch List, even though some are Federal Species of Concern. This move is due to the great difficulty in surveying for such tiny, symbiotic species and to the difficulty in assessing population status and range in the state. 3 LIST FORMAT Species are grouped by major taxa. The vertebrates are arranged by class, beginning with the most advanced phylogenetically (mammals). Within a given taxa, species are listed alphabetically by scientific name. The following information is presented for each species on the list. "Status" is a word or phrase that indicates the degree of protection (if any), based on rarity, of a species; "rank" is a numerical scale of the rarity of a species, regardless of legal protection. Scientific Name. Common Name. For most groups, these names are not standardized. North Carolina Status. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, freshwater and terrestrial mollusks, and crustaceans have legal protection status in North Carolina (Wildlife Resources Commission). In addition to the above categories, the Natural Heritage Program maintains computerized records on Significantly Rare species, as well as species considered Extirpated. Paper files only are maintained for a few of the above species; these species are indicated by the phrase "not tracking." STATUS CODE STATUS DEFINITION E Endangered "Any native or once-native species of wild animal whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's fauna is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to be in jeopardy or any species of wild animal determined to be an 'endangered species' pursuant to the Endangered Species Act." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987). T Threatened "Any native or once-native species of wild animal which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range, or one that is designated as a threatened species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987). SC Special Concern "Any species of wild animal native or once-native to North Carolina which is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to require monitoring but which may be taken under regulations adopted under the provisions of this Article." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987). 4 STATUS CODE SR STATUS Significantly Rare DEFINITION Any species which has not been listed by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission as an Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern species, but which exists in the state in small numbers and has been determined by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program to need monitoring. (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation.) Significantly Rare species include "peripheral" species, whereby North Carolina lies at the periphery of the species' range (such as Hermit Thrush). EX Extirpated A species which is no longer believed to occur in the state. (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation, though WRC also uses this status; the NHP list includes those on the WRC list.) W Watch List Any other species believed to be rare and of conservation concern in the state but not warranting active monitoring at this time (see the Watch List section for a more complete discussion). (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation.) G ------ Species is a game animal, and therefore (by law) cannot be listed for State protection as E, T, or SC. 5 United States Status. This status is designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Federally listed Endangered and Threatened species are protected under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended through the 100th Congress. Unless otherwise noted, definitions are taken from the Federal Register, Vol. 56, No. 225, November 21, 1991 (50 CFR Part 17). STATUS CODE STATUS DEFINITION E Endangered A taxon "which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (Endangered Species Act, Section 3). T Threatened A taxon "which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (Endangered Species Act, Section 3). C Candidate "Taxa for which the [Fish and Wildlife] Service has on file enough substantial information on biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened. Proposed rules have not yet been issued because this action is precluded at present by other listing activity. Development and publication of proposed rules on these taxa are anticipated. The Service encourages State and other Federal agencies as well as other affected parties to give consideration to these taxa in environmental planning.” (Federal Register, February 28, 1996). Taxa formerly considered as ‘Category 1' are now considered as ‘Candidate’. FSC (Federal) Species of Concern [also known as Species at Risk] "... the Service is discontinuing the designation of Category 2 species as candidates in this notice. The Service remains concerned about these species, but further biological research and field study are needed to resolve the conservation status of these taxa. Many species of concern will be found not to warrant listing, either because they are not threatened or endangered or because they do not qualify as species under the definition in the [Endangered Species] Act. Others may be found to be in greater danger of extinction than some present candidate taxa. The Service is working with the States and other private and public interests to assess their need for protection under the Act. Such species are the pool from which future candidates for listing will be drawn.” (Federal Register, February 28, 1996). The Service suggests that such taxa be considered as “Species of Concern” or “Species at Risk���, neither of which has official status. The N.C. Natural Heritage Program uses “(Federal) Species of Concern” in this document for those taxa formerly considered as Category 2. 6 STATUS CODE STATUS DEFINITION P_ Proposed Species proposed in the Federal Register as a status different from its current Federal status. T (S/A) Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance “Section 4 (e) of the [Endangered Species] Act authorizes the treatment of a species (subspecies or population segment) as endangered or threatened even though it is not otherwise listed as endangered or threatened if -- (a) the species so closely resembles in appearance an endangered or threatened species that enforcement personnel would have substantial difficulty in differentiating between the listed and unlisted species; (b) the effect of this substantial difficulty is an additional threat to an endangered or threatened species; and (c) such treatment of an unlisted species will substantially facilitate the enforcement and further the policy of the Act.” (Federal Register, November 4, 1997). [The American Alligator is listed as T (S/A) due to Similarity of Appearance with other rare crocodilians, and the southern population of the Bog Turtle is listed as T (S/A) due to Similarity of Appearance with the northern population of the Bog Turtle (which is federally listed as Threatened and which does not occur in North Carolina).] XN Nonessential Expermiental Population “Section 10 (j) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, provides for the designation of introduced populations of federally listed species as nonessential experimental. This designation allows for greater flexibility in the management of these populations by local, state, and Federal agencies. Specifically, the requirement for Federal agencies to avoid jeopardizing these populations by their actions is eliminated and allowances for taking the species are broadened.” (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1995). D De-listed Species has been proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for de-listing from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. However, at the present time, the species is still on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and is thus protected under the Endangered Species Act. Because such species still have legal Federal protection, the NHP will maintain existing records on the species, though new records might not necessarily be added. If the status becomes law prior to the next publication of the NHP Rare Animal List, the Program will remove the Federal designation from its database (and thus the species will no longer appear on printouts of Federally listed species). NHP may or may not continue to track the species, depending on its legal State status and other factors such as overall abundance and range in the state. 7 North Carolina Rank. Natural Heritage Programs and NatureServe have developed a consistent method for evaluating the relative imperilment of both species and ecological communities. These assessments lead to the designation of a conservation status rank. For plant and animal species these ranks provide an estimate of extinction risk. This information has been developed over the past 30 years by the NC Natural Heritage Program, NatureServe, and a large number of collaborators in government agencies, universities, natural history museums and botanical gardens, and other conservation organizations. This information has been developed primarily to help in guiding conservation and informing environmental planning and management. Conservation status ranks are based on a one to five scale, ranging from critically imperiled (S1) to demonstrably secure (S5). These status assessments are based on the best available information, considering a variety of factors such as abundance, distribution, population trends, and threats. State ranks are assigned by biologists within each Natural Heritage Program. RANK NUMBER OF EXTANT POPULATIONS DESCRIPTION S1 1-5 Critically imperiled - Critically imperiled in North Carolina due to extreme rarity or some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation (local extinction) from the state. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000). S2 6-20 Imperiled - Imperiled in North Carolina due to rarity or some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000). S3 21-100 Vulnerable - Vulnerable to extinction in North Carolina either because rare or uncommon, or found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or due to other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. S4 100-1000 Apparently secure - Apparently secure and widespread in North Carolina, usually with more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. S5 1000+ Secure - Common, widespread, and abundant in North Carolina. Essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. SH 0? Historical - Of historical occurrence in North Carolina, with some expectation that it may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been verified in the past 20 years. Upon verification of an extant occurrence, SH-ranked elements would typically receive an S1 rank. Note: an element is not automatically assigned an SH (or SX) rank if it has not been verified in the past 20 years; some effort must have been made to locate or relocate occurrences. 8 RANK SX NUMBER OF EXTANT POPULATIONS 0 DESCRIPTION Presumed extirpated -- Believed to be extirpated in North Carolina. Has not been located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered. SU Unknown Unrankable - Currently unrankable in North Carolina due to lack of information or substantially conflicting information about status or trends. Need more information. SNR Unknown Not Ranked - Rank in NC not yet assessed. SNA N/A Not Applicable - A conservation status rank is not applicable because the element is not a suitable target for conservation for one of the following reasons: - Hybrid - an interspecific hybrid without conservation value; - Exotic Origin - not native to North Carolina; - Accidental/nonregular - outside usual range and not regularly found in North Carolina; - Not confidently present - never documented as present in North Carolina; - Synonym - the taxon is not recognized by the NC Natural Heritage Program. _B _N -? 1-? 1-? --- Rank of the breeding population in the state. Used for migratory species only. Rank of the non-breeding population in the state. Used for migratory species only. Uncertain - Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank. A rank involving two numbers indicates a range of uncertainty about the conservation rank in North Carolina. For example, a S2S3 rank indicates that the species may be a S2 or a S3, but existing data do not allow that determination to be made. 9 Global Rank. Global ranks are assigned by NatureServe (formerly the science branch of The Nature Conservancy) staff biologists and contract biologists, based on a consensus of scientific experts, the individual natural heritage programs, and the Natural Heritage Network. They apply to the status of a species throughout its range. This system is widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the best available scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity throughout its range. RANK NUMBER OF EXTANT POPULATIONS DESCRIPTION G1 1-5 Critically imperiled - Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) or acres (<2,000) or linear miles (<10). G2 6-20 Imperiled - Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) or acres (2,000 to 10,000) or linear miles (10 to 50). G3 21-100 Vulnerable - Vulnerable globally either because very rare throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. G4 100-1000 Apparently Secure - Uncommon but not rare (although it may be rare in parts of its range, particularly on the periphery) and usually widespread. Apparently not vulnerable in most of its range, but possibly cause for long-term concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. G5 1000+ Secure - Common, widespread, and abundant (although it may be rare in parts of its range, particularly on the periphery). Not vulnerable in most of its range. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. GH 0? Historical - Known from only historical occurrences, but with some expectation that it may be rediscovered. May still be extant; further searching is needed. GX 0 Presumed Extinct - Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g., Passenger Pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered. Not located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat. GU Unknown Unrankable - Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends; need more information. 10 RANK GNR NUMBER OF EXTANT POPULATIONS Unknown DESCRIPTION Not Ranked - Global rank not yet assessed. T_ – The rank of a subspecies or variety. As an example, G4T1 would apply to a subspecies of a species with an overall rank of G4, but the subspecies warranting a rank of G1. -? – Uncertain - Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank. Q – Questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority. Distinctiveness of this entity as a taxon at the current level is questionable. Resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a subspecies or inclusion of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting Element having a lower-priority conservation status rank. A rank involving two numbers indicates uncertainty of rank. For example, a G2G3 rank indicates that the species may be a G2 or a G3, but that existing data do not allow that determination to be made. Physiographic Province/Region. The provinces/regions in which the species is known to occur are indicated. This should not be regarded as the only province(s) or region(s) of the state in which the species could occur; our knowledge of the fauna of North Carolina is still very imperfect. The provinces are abbreviated as follows: M Mountains (Blue Ridge) All parts of North Carolina west of the foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment. P Piedmont All parts of North Carolina east of the foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment and west of the Fall Line, including outlying "foothill" ranges, such as the Brushy, Uwharrie, Sauratown, and South mountains. S Sandhills The southwestern portion of the Coastal Plain province consisting mostly of deep aeolian sands of the Middendorf and Pinehurst formation (portions of Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Richmond, Scotland, and Montgomery counties). The Sandhills are actually part of the Coastal Plain but are here distinguished because of their distinctive geomorphology and vegetation. C Coastal Plain All parts of North Carolina east of the Fall Line, but excluding the Sandhills region and those portions associated with tidal water (ocean, sounds, barrier islands, and mainland brackish or salt marshes). T Tidewater That part of the state associated with tidal water, such as the ocean and barrier islands, sounds, estuaries and mainland brackish or salt marshes. 11 Habitat. The known habitats are described; as with provinces, these should not be regarded as the only possible habitats of the species in the state. Counties of known occurrence. Following the description of habitats is a listing of the known counties of occurrence in the N.C. Natural Heritage Program database. * All recorded occurrences in the county are either extirpated, have not been found in recent surveys, or have not been surveyed recently enough to be confident they are still present. Un-surveyed occurrences are regarded as historical after 20-40 years, the number depending on the species and the amount of alteration in the area. An asterisk should not be regarded as a definitive statement that the species is gone from the county, but indicates that there is reason to doubt its continued existence. + Counties with obscure or undatable records are marked with a plus (+). ? If there is some question as to the validity of the county report, it is marked with a question mark (?). For most vertebrate species, this listing of counties is complete or reasonably complete. However, for many invertebrates, and a few vertebrates (generally those newly added to the Rare List), there is no listing of counties, as records have yet to be added to the database. Where county names appear in brackets, records from these counties have not yet been added to the database. Records taken from dot maps in atlases are among the types of data for which a year of last observation cannot be assigned, and thus they appear in this list with a plus (+). The zoological exploration of North Carolina is far from complete, and many additional county records will be found, generally (but not always) in proximity to counties listed. Visit the Natural Heritage Program website for the most up-to-date county occurrence information: www.ncnhp.org. 12 STATUS OF ANIMAL TAXA ON NHP RARE ANIMAL LIST (as of May, 2006) For names and definitions of statuses, see pages 3-6. Numbers in the table indicate number of taxa – generally species – for each group and status. Because many taxa have both an N.C. and a U.S. status, totals cannot be added across a complete line. Group Total Number of Species (rounded to nearest five) N.C. Status U.S. Status E T SC SR E T FSC Mammals 120 6 2 11 11 7 0 9 Birds 460 5 4 16 30 4 2 14 Reptiles 70 5 4 11 5 3 4 4 Amphibians 90 1 4 12 15 0 0 6 Freshwater Fishes 245 9 13 26 22 2 2 26 (+ 2 C) Freshwater Bivalves 75 19 10 6 7 7 0 11 Freshwater and Terrestrial Gastropods 250+ 4 10 24 22 0 1 10 Arachnids ? 0 0 0 13 1 0 2 Crustaceans [Crayfishes] ? [45] 0 [0] 0 [0] 0 [8] 14 0 0 10 Mayflies ? 0 0 0 17 0 0 1 13 Group Total Number of Species (rounded to nearest five) N.C. Status U.S. Status E T SC SR E T FSC Stoneflies ? 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 Caddisflies ? 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 Dragonflies and Damselflies 190 0 0 0 33 0 0 8 Flies ? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Moths ? 0 0 0 85 0 0 4 Butterflies 170 0 0 0 35 1 0 8 Grasshoppers and Katydids ? 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 Beetles ? 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 True Bugs ? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Totals ? 49 47 114 355 26 9 114 (+2 C) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 MAMMALS Canis rufus Red Wolf SR E, XN S1 G1 CM: swamps, pocosins, extensive forests (Beaufort+, Dare, Hyde, Tyrrell, Washington) Condylura cristata pop. 1 Star-nosed Mole - Coastal Plain SC - S2 G5T2Q SC: moist meadows, bogs, swamps, population bottomlands [mountain population not of concern] (Bladen, Brunswick, Currituck*, Dare, Hoke, Mecklenburg*, Moore, New Hanover*, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson*, Sampson, Scotland, Wake, Washington*) Corynorhinus rafinesquii macrotis Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat - T FSC S3 G3G4TNR CS: roosts in hollow trees, old Coastal Plain subspecies buildings, and beneath bridges, usually near water (Beaufort*, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Chowan, Columbus*, Dare, Duplin, Gates, Hoke+, Martin, Northampton, Pender, Perquimans, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Tyrrell, Washington, Wayne*) Corynorhinus rafinesquii rafinesquii Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat - T FSC S2 G3G4TNR M: roosts in caves, mines, and hollow Mountain subspecies trees, usually near water (Alexander*, Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee*, Graham, Macon, Madison*, Swain, Transylvania*) Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus Virginia Big-eared Bat E E S1 G4T2 M: roosts in caves (and rarely in mines), especially in limestone areas (Avery, Watauga, Yancey) Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel E E S2 G5T1 M: high elevation forests, mainly spruce-fir (Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired Bat SR - S2?B,S4N G5 MP: roosts near water in tree cavities, clumps of leaves, crevices, etc. [breeding season only] (Burke, Macon*, Mitchell*) Lasiurus cinereus Hoary Bat SR - S2?B,S3?N G5 M: mid- to high elevations [breeding season only] (Burke, Watauga) Lasiurus intermedius Northern Yellow Bat SR - SU G4G5 CP: roosts in Spanish moss and other thick vegeation near water, often in longleaf pine habitats (Mecklenburg+, New Hanover) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis Southern Rock Vole SC FSC S3 G4T3 M: rocky areas at high elevations, forests or fields (Avery, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon, McDowell*, Swain, Yancey) Mustela nivalis Least Weasel SR - S2 G5 M: fields and forests, mostly at high elevations (Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson+, Madison*, Mitchell*, Watauga, Yancey*) Myotis austroriparius Southeastern Myotis SC FSC S3 G3G4 CP: roosts in buildings, hollow trees; forages near water (Bertie, Bladen, Chowan+, Clay, Columbus, Gates, Halifax, Hoke, Martin, Moore, New Hanover, Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake*) Myotis grisescens Gray Myotis E E S1? G3 M: roosts in caves; forages mainly over open water (Buncombe, Haywood, Swain) Myotis leibii Eastern Small-footed Myotis SC FSC S3 G3 M: roosts in hollow trees (warmer months), in caves and mines (winter) (Alleghany, Avery, Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Davidson, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Rutherford, Swain, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey) Myotis septentrionalis Northern Long-eared Myotis SC - S3 G4 MP: roosts in hollow trees and buildings (warmer months), in caves and mines (winter) (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Cherokee*, Clay+, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell+, New Hanover, Polk, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania, Wake*, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey) Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis E E S1? G2 M: roosts in hollow trees or under loose bark (warmer months), in caves (winter) (Graham, Haywood*, Henderson, Jackson*, Mitchell*, Rutherford, Swain) Neotoma floridana floridana Eastern Woodrat - Coastal Plain T - S1 G5T5 C: forests, mainly in moist areas population (Brunswick*, Carteret*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 Neotoma floridana haematoreia Eastern Woodrat - Southern SC FSC S3 G5T4Q MP: rocky places in deciduous or Appalachian population mixed forests, in southern mountains and adjacent Piedmont (Buncombe, Burke, Catawba, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Polk, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania) Neotoma magister Appalachian Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4 MP: rocky places and abandoned buildings in deciduous or mixed forests in the northern mountains and adjacent Piedmont (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell+, Iredell, McDowell, Mitchell+, Watauga, Yancey) Peromyscus leucopus easti Pungo White-footed Mouse SC - S1? G5T1 T: dunes and maritime thickets along coast south to Corolla (Currituck) Peromyscus leucopus ssp. 1 Buxton Woods White-footed Mouse SR FSC S1? G5TNR T: maritime forests in Cape Hatteras vicinity (endemic to this area) (Dare+) Peromyscus polionotus Oldfield Mouse SR - S1 G5 P: sandy, fallow fields near South Carolina line (Cleveland, Rutherford) Puma concolor couguar Eastern Cougar E E SH G5THQ MPC: extensive forests, remote areas (Brunswick*, Buncombe*, Carteret*, Haywood*, Montgomery*, Onslow*, Swain*, Yancey*) Sciurus niger pop. 1 Eastern Fox Squirrel -- Mountain SR - G - S1? G5TNR M: open, upland forests and edges population (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Cherokee*, Clay*, Graham*, Macon*, Swain*, Watauga) Sorex dispar Long-tailed Shrew SC - S3 G4 M: high elevation forests with talus or rocky slopes (Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood, Macon, Swain+, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey) Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 M: stream banks in montane forests (Avery, Buncombe, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swain, Watauga+) Sorex sp. 1 an undescribed shrew SR - S1S2 G1G2Q C: early succession fields, possibly low pocosins (endemic to eastern North Carolina) (Dare, Hyde) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 17 Sylvilagus obscurus Appalachian Cottontail SR - G FSC S3 G4 M: dense cover of montane woods and thickets (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania*, Watauga*, Yancey) Synaptomys cooperi helaletes Dismal Swamp Southern SR - S2 G5T3 C: low pocosins, early succession Bog Lemming wetlands (Beaufort, Craven, Gates, Jones, Pasquotank, Perquimans*) Trichechus manatus West Indian Manatee E E S1N G2 T: warm waters of estuaries and river mouths (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender, Pitt) BIRDS Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk SR - S2B,S4N G5 MPS: forests and woodlands (for nesting) [breeding evidence only] (Avery, Mitchell+, Orange, Watauga, Yancey) Aegolius acadicus pop. 1 Northern Saw-whet Owl - T FSC S2B,S2N G5TNR M: spruce-fir forests or mixed Southern Appalachian population hardwood/spruce forests (for nesting) [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 PSC: open longleaf pine forests, old fields [breeding season only] (Bladen, Brunswick, Buncombe*, Carteret, Chatham, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Halifax*, Harnett, Hoke, Jones, Macon*, Moore, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wake*, Warren) Ammodramus henslowii susurrans Eastern Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1N G4TNR C: clearcut pocosins and other damp weedy fields [breeding season only] (Beaufort, Bertie, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Edgecombe, Gates, Martin, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Wilson) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 Anhinga anhinga Anhinga SR - S2B G5 C: wooded lakes or ponds, or open swamps (for nesting) [breeding evidence only] (Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven+, Cumberland, Dare, Duplin, Halifax, Hoke, Jones, New Hanover, Robeson) Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern SR - S1B,S3N G4 CT: fresh or brackish marshes [breeding season only] (Beaufort, Carteret, Hyde, Pamlico) Catharus guttatus Hermit Thrush SR - S2B,S5N G5 M: spruce-fir forests (for nesting) [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey) Certhia americana Brown Creeper SC - S3B,S5N G5 M: high elevation forests, favoring spruce-fir mixed with hardwoods (Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Charadrius melodus Piping Plover T T S2B,S2N G3 T: ocean beaches and island-end flats [breeding evidence only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Charadrius wilsonia Wilson's Plover SR - S3B G5 T: beaches, island-end flats, estuarine islands [breeding evidence only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow SR - S1B G5 S: barren, sandy fields with scattered saplings in the sandhills region [breeding season only] (Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Scotland) Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier SR - S1B,S4N G5 T: extensive brackish marshes (for nesting) [breeding evidence only] (Carteret, Dare, Hyde) Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed Cuckoo SR - S2B G5 M: deciduous forests, mainly at higher elevations [breeding season and habitat only] (Ashe*, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell+, Transylvania, Watauga) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 19 Columbina passerina Common Ground-Dove SR - SHB G5 T: dunes, sandy fields, margins of maritime woods and thickets [breeding season only] (Brunswick, New Hanover, Pender) Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher SC FSC SUB G4 M: montane conifer forests (mainly spruce-fir) with openings or dead trees [breeding season only] (Haywood, Macon*, McDowell, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey) Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow Rail SR - S2N G4 TC: brackish or fresh marshes, wet fields [winter season only] (Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover) Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 MC: mature hardwood forests; steep slopes and coves in mountains, natural levees in Coastal Plain [breeding season only] (Bertie, Buncombe, Clay, Graham, Halifax, Haywood, Johnston, Macon, McDowell, Northampton, Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes) Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler SR - S1S2B G5 M: spruce-fir forests, especially in immature stands [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Dendroica virens waynei Black-throated Green Warbler - SR FSC S2S3B,SZN G5TU C: nonriverine wetland forests, Coastal Plain population especially where white cedar or cypress are mixed with hardwoods [breeding season only] (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Gates, Hyde, Jones, Pamlico, Tyrrell, Washington) Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Jones, New Hanover, Robeson) Egretta thula Snowy Egret SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Robeson) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 20 Egretta tricolor Tricolored Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover) Empidonax alnorum Alder Flycatcher SR - S2B G5 M: high elevation shrub/sapling thicket [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon E - S1B,S2N G4 MT: cliffs (for nesting); coastal ponds and mudflats (for foraging in winter) [nesting evidence; regular wintering sites] (Avery, Brunswick, Buncombe, Burke, Carteret, Dare, Haywood, Hyde, Jackson, Madison, Rutherford, Stokes, Surry, Transylvania, Wilkes*, Yancey) Haematopus palliatus American Oystercatcher SR - S3B,S4N G5 T: estuaries, oyster beds, mudflats [breeding evidence only] (records not yet entered) Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G5 PCT: mature forests near large bodies of water (for nesting); lakes and sounds [nesting sites; regular non-breeding sites] (Alexander, Anson, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Burke*, Camden*, Catawba, Chatham, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Davidson, Durham, Edgecombe, Gaston, Granville, Guilford, Halifax, Harnett, Haywood, Hyde, Johnston, Lenoir, Martin, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Nash, Northampton, Onslow*, Orange*, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pender, Perquimans, Pitt, Richmond, Rowan, Stanly, Surry, Swain, Tyrrell, Vance, Wake, Warren*, Washington, Wayne, Yadkin) Himantopus mexicanus Black-necked Stilt SR - S2B G5 T: fresh or brackish ponds and impoundments [breeding sites only] (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Onslow, Pamlico) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 21 Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi Kite SR - S2B G5 C: mature, extensive bottomland forests, mainly in Roanoke River floodplain [regular summer locations only] (Bladen, Carteret, Columbus, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Martin, Nash, Richmond, Scotland, Wayne) Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4 PSC: fields and pastures [breeding season only] (Alamance+, Ashe+, Bladen+, Brunswick, Carteret, Catawba, Chatham, Cleveland, Davie, Duplin, Edgecombe+, Forsyth, Franklin, Gaston, Granville+, Greene+, Guilford, Halifax, Iredell, Johnston+, Lenoir+, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Orange, Pitt, Polk, Richmond, Robeson, Rowan, Rutherford, Sampson, Scotland+, Stanly, Transylvania+, Wake+, Wayne) Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail SR FSC S3B,S2N G4 TCP: brackish marshes, rarely fresh marshes [breeding season only] (Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Onslow, Pamlico) Loxia curvirostra pop. 1 Southern Appalachian Red Crossbill SC FSC S3B,S3N G5TNR M: coniferous forests, preferably spruce-fir (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey) Mycteria americana Wood Stork E E S1B,S1N G4 CT: swamps, fresh or brackish ponds (for foraging) [breeding sites and regular non-breeding sites] (Brunswick, Columbus) Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah Sparrow SR - S2B,S5N G5 M: grassy fields and pastures [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Passerina ciris ciris Eastern Painted Bunting SR FSC S3B G5T3T4 T: maritime shrub thickets and forest edges [breeding season only] (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Pelecanus occidentalis Brown Pelican SR - S3B,S4N G4 T: maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, New Hanover) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 22 Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested Cormorant SR - S1B,S5N G5 CP: lakes with scattered trees for nesting [breeding sites only] (Chatham, Craven) Picoides borealis Red-cockaded Woodpecker E E S2 G3 PSC: mature open pine forests, mainly in longleaf pine [breeding evidence only] (Anson, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Chatham+, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Currituck+, Dare, Duplin, Edgecombe*, Forsyth*, Gates, Halifax, Harnett, Hertford, Hoke, Hyde, Johnston, Jones, Lee*, Lenoir+, Montgomery, Moore, Nash+, New Hanover, Northampton*, Onslow, Orange*, Pamlico, Pender, Pitt, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Tyrrell, Wake*, Washington, Wayne, Wilson) Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis SC - S2B G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover) Poecile atricapillus practica Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5TNR M: high elevation forests, mainly Black-capped Chickadee spruce-fir [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe*, Haywood, Jackson, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey*) Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow SR - S2B,S2N G5 M: high elevation pastures and grassy fields [breeding season only] (Ashe, Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Watauga) Porphyrio martinica [formerly Purple Gallinule SR - S1?B G5 Porphyrula] C: freshwater ponds with floating vegetation [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Onslow*, Robeson) Riparia riparia Bank Swallow SR - SUB G5 MP: high, vertical banks for nesting [breeding sites only] (Avery, Wilkes*) Rynchops niger Black Skimmer SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 23 Sphyrapicus varius appalachiensis Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC FSC S3B,S5N G5TNR M: mature, open hardwoods with Sapsucker scattered dead trees [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe, Clay*, Graham, Haywood, Henderson+, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Sterna antillarum Least Tern SC - S3B G4 T: beaches, sand flats, open dunes (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Sterna caspia Caspian Tern SR - S1B,S2N G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Dare, Hyde*) Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern E E SUB G4 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding evidence only] (Carteret, Dare) Sterna hirundo Common Tern SC - S3B G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Sterna nilotica Gull-billed Tern T - S3B G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Onslow*) Thryomanes bewickii altus Appalachian Bewick's Wren E FSC SHB G5T2Q M: woodland borders or openings, farmlands or brushy fields, at high elevations [breeding season only] (Ashe*, Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania*) Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler SR FSC S3B G4 M: old fields and successional hardwoods (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga; plus most other mountain counties) Vermivora pinus Blue-winged Warbler SR - S2B G5 M: low elevation brushy fields and thickets [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Buncombe, Cherokee, Graham, Macon) Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo SR - S2B G5 MP: groves of hardwoods along rivers and streams [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Cleveland, Halifax, Henderson, Macon*, Orange, Watauga) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 24 REPTILES Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 CT: fresh to slightly brackish lakes, ponds, rivers, and marshes (Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Duplin, Gates, Hoke, Hyde, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pender, Robeson, Sampson+, Scotland, Tyrrell, Washington) Apalone spinifera spinifera Eastern Spiny Softshell SC - S1 G5T5 M: large streams in the French Broad system (Buncombe, Madison) Caretta caretta Loggerhead T T S3B,S3N G3 T: nests on beaches; forages in ocean and sounds (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Chelonia mydas Green Turtle T T S1B,SUN G3 T: nests on beaches; forages in ocean and sounds (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Crotalus adamanteus Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake E - S1 G4 C: pine flatwoods, savannas, pine-oak sandhills (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven+, Cumberland*, Duplin+, Jones*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson*, Sampson*) Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC - S3 G4 CMP: wetland forests in the Coastal Plain; rocky, upland forests elsewhere (Alexander, Alleghany, Anson, Ashe, Avery, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Buncombe, Burke, Cabarrus, Camden, Carteret, Catawba, Cherokee, Chowan, Clay*, Cleveland, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Davidson, Duplin, Durham, Gaston, Graham*, Granville, Haywood, Henderson, Hoke, Hyde, Jackson, Jones, Lenoir, Lincoln, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Mecklenburg, Mitchell*, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pender, Perquimans, Pitt, Polk, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson, Rutherford, Sampson, Scotland, Stanly, Stokes, Surry, Swain*, Transylvania, Tyrrell, Union, Washington, Watauga, Wayne, Wilkes, Yancey) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 25 Deirochelys reticularia Chicken Turtle SR - S3 G5 SC: quiet waters of ponds, ditches, and sluggish streams (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret+, Columbus, Craven+, Cumberland, Dare, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow+, Pender, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wayne+) Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback E E S1B,SUN G2 T: oceans, rarely in sounds (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Onslow) Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill E E SUN G3 T: oceans, very rarely in sounds (Carteret+, Dare) Eumeces anthracinus Coal Skink SR - S2S3 G5 M: rocky slopes, wooded hillsides, roadbanks (records not yet entered) Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 MP: bogs, wet pastures, wet thickets (Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Cherokee, Clay, Forsyth, Gaston, Graham, Henderson, Iredell, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell, Surry, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey) Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 SC: sandy woods, particularly pine-oak sandhills (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret+, Craven+, Cumberland+, Duplin+, Edgecombe+, Hoke, Jones+, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt+, Richmond+, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wake+, Wayne+) Lampropeltis getula sticticeps Outer Banks Kingsnake SC - S2 G5T2Q T: maritime forests, thickets, and grasslands on the Outer Banks (endemic to North Carolina) (Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde) Lepidochelys kempii Atlantic Ridley E E S1B,SUN G1 T: ocean and sounds (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Pamlico) Malaclemys terrapin centrata Carolina Diamondback Terrapin SC - S3 G4T4Q T: salt or brackish marshes, estuaries; southern half of the coast (Beaufort+, Brunswick, Carteret, Hyde+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pender) Malaclemys terrapin terrapin Northern Diamondback Terrapin SC FSC S3 G4T4Q T: salt or brackish marshes, estuaries; northern half of the coast (Dare+) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 26 Masticophis flagellum Coachwhip SR - S3 G5 SCTP: dry and sandy woods, mainly in pine/oak sandhills (Anson*, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret+, Cumberland, Hoke+, Lenoir+, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow+, Pender, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland, Stanly, Union+, Wayne+) Micrurus fulvius Eastern Coral Snake E - S1 G5 CS: pine-oak sandhills, sandy flatwoods, maritime forests (Bladen, Brunswick, Cumberland, Harnett+, Hoke*, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Scotland+) Nerodia sipedon williamengelsi Carolina Water Snake SC - S3 G5T3 T: salt or brackish marshes (endemic to North Carolina) (Beaufort, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Pamlico) Ophisaurus mimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC FSC S2 G3 C: pine flatwoods, savannas, pine/oak sandhills (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Sampson) Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus Northern Pine Snake SC FSC S3 G4T4 SCM: dry and sandy woods, mainly in pine/oak sandhills (Brunswick, Cherokee*, Clay+, Cumberland+, Graham*, Harnett+, Hoke, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Richmond, Rutherford+, Scotland, Swain*) Regina rigida Glossy Crayfish Snake SR - S2S3 G5 C: marshes, cypress ponds, other wetlands (Bladen+, Brunswick, Carteret+, Craven, Dare, Hoke, Hyde+, Jones+, New Hanover*, Onslow+, Robeson, Tyrrell+) Seminatrix pygaea Black Swamp Snake SR - S2 G5 C: in lush vegetation of ponds, ditches, or sluggish streams (Brunswick, Carteret+, Craven+, Dare, Hyde+, New Hanover, Onslow+, Pender*, Tyrrell+) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 27 Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 G5 CSP: pine flatwoods, pine/oak sandhills, other pine/oak forests (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Cleveland*, Craven, Cumberland, Gaston, Harnett+, Hoke, Hyde, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Richmond+, Sampson, Scotland, Tyrrell) Sternotherus minor Loggerhead Musk Turtle SC - S1 G5 M: streams and rivers in Mississippi drainage (Cherokee, Madison) AMPHIBIANS Ambystoma mabeei Mabee's Salamander SR - S3 G4 SC: swamps, Carolina bays (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus*, Hoke, New Hanover*, Pender*, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander SC - S2 G5 MP: breeds in fish-free semipermanent woodland ponds; forages in adjacent woodlands (Alleghany, Buncombe, Cherokee, Guilford, Henderson, Macon, Montgomery, Person, Polk, Richmond, Rockingham, Rowan, Surry, Transylvania*, Union) Ambystoma tigrinum Eastern Tiger Salamander T - S2 G5 SC: breeds in fish-free semipermanent ponds; forages in adjacent woods, usually sandy pinewoods (Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake) Aneides aeneus Green Salamander E FSC S2 G3G4 M: damp, shaded crevices of cliffs or rock outcrops in deciduous forests (southern mountains) (Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania) Bufo quercicus Oak Toad SR - S3 G5 CS: pine flatwoods and savannas, pine sandhills where near water (Carteret, Cumberland, Pender; many other counties not yet entered) Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 M: large and clear fast-flowing streams (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain+, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 28 Desmognathus aeneus Seepage Salamander SR FSC S3 G3G4 M: seeps, springs, or streams in forests in extreme southwestern counties (Cherokee, Clay*, Graham, Macon, Swain) Desmognathus imitator pop. 1 Imitator Salamander - Waterrock SR - S1 G3G4T1Q M: forests in the vicinity of Waterrock Knob population Knob (endemic to this area) (Jackson+) Desmognathus santeetlah Santeetlah Dusky Salamander SR - S2S3 G3G4Q M: stream headwaters and seepage areas; southwestern mountains (Graham, Jackson, Swain) Desmognathus wrighti Pigmy Salamander SR FSC S3 G3G4 M: spruce-fir and other high elevation forests (Ashe*, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, McDowell*, Mitchell*, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Eurycea junaluska Junaluska Salamander T FSC S2 G3 M: forests near seeps and streams, mainly in the Cheoah River system (Cherokee, Clay, Graham) Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander SC - S1S2 G5 M: moist woods and floodplains; small ponds for breeding (Alleghany*, Clay, Graham, Haywood*, Macon, Watauga+) Eurycea quadridigitata [formerly E. Dwarf Salamander SC - S2 G5 quadridigitata pop. 1] C: pocosins, Carolina bays, pine flatwoods, savannas, and other wetland habitats, usually under leaf litter, moss, and rotting logs (Hoke, Robeson, Scotland) Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC - S3 G5 MPC: pools, bogs, and other wetlands in hardwood forests (Alamance+, Avery, Bladen, Buncombe, Chatham, Cherokee, Cumberland*, Duplin, Durham, Gates, Graham+, Granville, Henderson, Macon, Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Polk+, Randolph, Rockingham, Surry, Wake) Hyla andersonii Pine Barrens Treefrog SR - S3 G4 SC: pocosins, bay forests, boggy areas (Bladen*, Cumberland, Harnett*, Hoke+, Johnston, Jones, Lee*, Moore, Onslow+, Richmond, Sampson+, Scotland, Wayne*) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 29 Hyla versicolor Northern Gray Treefrog SR - S1? G5 PM?: deciduous or mixed forests, often near water, near VA border (Caswell, Person, Warren+) Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 PC: rivers and large streams in Neuse and Tar drainages (endemic to North Carolina) (Beaufort*, Craven*, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville*, Greene*, Halifax, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir, Nash, Orange, Person*, Pitt*, Vance*, Wake, Warren, Wayne*, Wilson*) Necturus maculosus Common Mudpuppy SC - S1 G5 M: rivers and large streams (French Broad and New drainages) (Ashe, Buncombe*, Henderson*, Transylvania*) Plethodon amplus Blue Ridge Gray-cheeked Salamander SR - S1S2 G1G2 M: mesic forests in the Hickorynut Gorge vicinity (endemic to this area) (Buncombe+, Henderson+, Rutherford+) Plethodon aureolus Tellico Salamander SR - S2 G2G3 M: forests in the Unicoi Mountains (Cherokee, Graham) Plethodon chattahoochee Chattahoochee Slimy Salamander SR - S2? G2G3Q M: moist forests in the southwestern counties (records not yet entered) Plethodon cheoah Cheoah Bald Salamander SR - S2? G2 M: mesic forests on Cheoah Bald (endemic to this area) (Graham+, Swain+) Plethodon meridianus South Mountain Gray-cheeked SR - S1S2 G1G2 P: mesic forests of the South Salamander Mountains (endemic to this area) (records not yet entered) Plethodon shermani Red-legged Salamander SR - S2? G2 M: moist forests in the southwestern counties (records not yet entered) Plethodon ventralis Southern Zigzag Salamander SC - S1 G4 M: moist areas of talus slopes or rock outcrops in hardwood forests (Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson*, Madison, Yancey) Plethodon wehrlei Wehrle's Salamander T - S1 G4 P: upland forests (low mountains near Virginia border) (Alleghany, Stokes, Surry, Wilkes) Plethodon welleri Weller's Salamander SC - S2 G3 M: high elevation forests in northern mountains, mainly in spruce-fir, but also in northern hardwood forests (Avery, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 Plethodon yonahlossee pop. 1 Crevice Salamander SC - S1 G4T1Q M: Hickorynut Gorge area (endemic to this area); crevices in moist shaded rocks (Buncombe, Henderson, McDowell, Rutherford) Pseudacris brachyphona Mountain Chorus Frog SC - S1 G5 M: forests near temporary pools or ponds, in extreme southwestern mountains (Cherokee, Haywood) Pseudacris ornata Ornate Chorus Frog SR - S3 G5 SC: swamps, savannas, wooded ponds and pools (Bladen, Brunswick, Hoke, New Hanover*, Robeson, Sampson*, Scotland) Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 SC: breeds in temporary fish-free pools; forages in sandy woods, especially pine-oak sandhills (Beaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Hoke, Jones*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Rana heckscheri River Frog SC - SH G5 SC: river floodplains, such as pools or borrow pit ponds (Cumberland*, Moore*, Robeson*, Sampson*, Scotland*) FRESHWATER FISHES Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose Sturgeon E E S1 G3 TC: brackish water of large rivers and estuaries; spawns in freshwater areas (Anson, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden*, Carteret*, Columbus, Hyde*, New Hanover, Onslow*, Pamlico*, Pasquotank*, Pender, Richmond) Acipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic Sturgeon SC C S3 G3 TC: coastal waters, estuaries, large rivers (records not yet entered) Ambloplites cavifrons Roanoke Bass SR FSC S2 G3 PC: streams in Neuse and Tar systems (Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin+, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Pitt, Wake+, Warren) Aplodinotus grunniens Freshwater Drum T - S1 G5 M: French Broad River (Madison) Carpiodes carpio River Carpsucker SC - SH G5 M: French Broad River (Madison*) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 31 Carpiodes cyprinus Quillback SR - S1 G5 MP: French Broad and Roanoke drainages [native river/stream populations only; reservoir populations not tracked] (records not yet entered) Carpiodes sp. cf. cyprinus a carpsucker SR - S2 GNR P: Yadkin - Pee Dee drainage [native river/stream populations only; reservoir populations not tracked] (records not yet entered) Carpiodes sp. cf. velifer [formerly a carpsucker SC - S1 GNR C. velifer] PC: Catawba, Pee Dee, and Cape Fear rivers (Anson, Bladen, Catawba, Gaston, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Richmond) Clinostomus sp. 1 [formerly C. funduloides Smoky Dace SC FSC S2 G3Q ssp 1] M: Little Tennessee drainage (Jackson, Macon, Swain) Cottus caeruleomentum Blue Ridge Sculpin SR - S1 G4 P: Dan drainage (Stokes+) Cottus carolinae Banded Sculpin T - S1 G5 M: French Broad River system (Avery, Madison) Cyprinella monacha – see Erimonax Cyprinella sp. 1 Thinlip Chub SC - S2 G2Q CS: Cape Fear, Lumber, and Pee Dee drainages (Anson, Bladen, Cumberland+, Richmond, Robeson+, Sampson, Scotland+) Cyprinella zanema Santee Chub SR - S3 G4 P: Catawba and Broad drainages (Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Iredell+, Lincoln, McDowell+, Mecklenburg+, Polk, Rutherford) Elassoma boehlkei Carolina Pygmy Sunfish T FSC S1 G2 C: streams and canals in Waccamaw drainage (Brunswick, Columbus) Erimonax monachus [formerly Cyprinella Spotfin Chub T T S1 G2 monacha] M: Little Tennessee River; formerly in French Broad drainage (Buncombe*, Macon, Madison*, Swain) Erimystax insignis eristigma Mountain Blotched Chub SR FSC S2 G3G4TNR M: primarily French Broad drainage (Buncombe+, Cherokee+, Clay+, Henderson+, Madison+, Mitchell+, Yancey+) Etheostoma acuticeps Sharphead Darter T FSC S1 G3 M: streams in Nolichucky system (Toe and Cane rivers) (Mitchell, Yancey) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 32 Etheostoma collis pop. 1 Carolina Darter - central Piedmont SC FSC S3 G3T3Q P: streams in the Yadkin - Pee Dee population and Catawba drainages (Anson+, Cabarrus, Davidson+, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Randolph+, Richmond, Stanly, Union) Etheostoma collis pop. 2 Carolina Darter - eastern Piedmont SC FSC S2 G3T3Q P: streams in the Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, population and Cape Fear drainages (Chatham, Durham+, Granville, Guilford, Moore, Orange) Etheostoma inscriptum Turquoise Darter SC - S1 G4 M: streams of Savannah drainage (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Etheostoma jessiae Blueside Darter SC - SH G4Q M: streams in Mills River system (Henderson*) Etheostoma kanawhae Kanawha Darter SR - S3 G4 M: New drainage (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Etheostoma mariae Pinewoods Darter SC FSC S3 G3 SC: streams of Lumber drainage, mainly in the sandhills; perhaps in adjacent Pee Dee drainage (Hoke, Montgomery, Moore, Richmond, Robeson+, Scotland) Etheostoma perlongum Waccamaw Darter T FSC S1 G1Q C: Lake Waccamaw (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Etheostoma podostemone Riverweed Darter SC - S2 G4 P: large streams in Dan River system (Caswell, Rockingham, Stokes) Etheostoma simoterum Snubnose Darter SC - SH G5 M: streams of French Broad drainage (formerly) (Madison+) Etheostoma vulneratum Wounded Darter SC FSC S1 G3 M: streams of Little Tennessee system; perhaps extirpated from French Broad system (Jackson, Macon, Madison*, Swain) Exoglossum laurae Tonguetied Minnow SR - S2 G4 M: New drainage (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Exoglossum maxillingua Cutlip Minnow E - S1 G5 P: streams of Dan River system (Stokes) Fundulus cf. diaphanus [formerly Lake Phelps Killifish SR FSC S1 GUQ considered part of F. waccamensis] (taxon endemic to North Carolina, but may be a population of F. diaphanus) C: Lake Phelps (Washington) Fundulus confluentus Marsh Killifish SR - S2 G5 T: fresh to brackish waters along coast (Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Onslow+) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 33 Fundulus luciae Spotfin Killifish SR - S2 G4 TC: ponds and pools along coast (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow+) Fundulus waccamensis Waccamaw Killifish SC FSC S1 G1 C: Lake Waccamaw (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Heterandria formosa Least Killifish SC - S2 G5 C: streams and lakes near Wilmington (Brunswick, New Hanover) Hiodon tergisus Mooneye SC - SH G5 M: French Broad River (Henderson*, Madison) Hybopsis rubrifrons Rosyface Chub T - S1 G4 M: Savannah drainage (Transylvania) Hypentelium roanokense Roanoke Hog Sucker SR - S3 G4 P: Dan drainage (Caswell, Rockingham+, Stokes) Ichthyomyzon bdellium Ohio Lamprey SR - S1 G3G4 M: French Broad drainage (Madison) Ictiobus bubalus Smallmouth Buffalo SR - S1 G5 M: French Broad River [native river/stream population only; reservoir populations not tracked] (Madison) Ictiobus niger Black Buffalo SR - S1 G5 M: French Broad River (Madison) Lampetra aepyptera Least Brook Lamprey T - S2 G5 CP: Tar and Neuse drainages (Franklin, Halifax, Jones*, Pitt*, Wake, Warren) Lampetra appendix American Brook Lamprey T - S1 G4 M: French Broad drainage (Madison) Luxilus chrysocephalus Striped Shiner T - S2 G5 M: Cane drainage; reported in Little Tennessee drainage (Macon, Yancey) Menidia extensa Waccamaw Silverside T T S1 G1 C: Lake Waccamaw (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Micropterus coosae Redeye Bass SR - S1 G5 M: Savannah drainage (Burke*, Jackson, Transylvania) Moxostoma breviceps Smallmouth Redhorse SR - S2 G5 M: Tennessee drainages (records not yet entered) Moxostoma robustum Robust Redhorse SR FSC S1 G1 P: Pee Dee River (Anson, Davie*, Richmond, Rowan*, Surry*, Yadkin*) Moxostoma sp. 2 Sicklefin Redhorse SR C S1 G2Q M: Little Tennessee and Hiwassee drainages (Cherokee, Clay, Jackson+, Macon, Swain) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 34 Moxostoma sp. 3 Carolina Redhorse SR FSC S1 G1G2Q P: Cape Fear and Pee Dee drainages (Anson, Chatham, Harnett, Lee, Moore, Richmond) Notropis bifrenatus Bridle Shiner SC FSC S1 G3 C: stream near lower Neuse River (Craven) Notropis lutipinnis Yellowfin Shiner SC - S2 G4Q MP: Savannah, Little Tennessee, and Broad drainages [only the Savannah and Little Tennessee drainages are listed as SC] (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Notropis mekistocholas Cape Fear Shiner E E S1 G1 P: Cape Fear drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Chatham, Harnett, Lee, Moore, Randolph) Noturus eleutherus Mountain Madtom SC - SH G4 M: French Broad drainage (Madison*) Noturus flavus Stonecat E - S1 G5 M: Nolichucky, French Broad, and Little Tennessee drainages (Madison, Swain, Yancey) Noturus furiosus Carolina Madtom SC FSC S2 G2 CP: Tar and Neuse drainages (endemic to North Carolina) (Craven, Durham*, Edgecombe, Franklin, Greene*, Halifax, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir, Nash, Pitt*, Vance, Wake, Wayne, Wilson*) Noturus gilberti Orangefin Madtom E FSC S1 G2 P: Dan drainage (Stokes) Noturus sp. 1 Broadtail Madtom SC FSC S1 G2 C: Cape Fear, Waccamaw, and Lumber drainages (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland+, Duplin, Robeson, Sampson) Percina burtoni Blotchside Logperch E FSC S1 G2 M: South Toe River; formerly in French Broad drainage (Buncombe*, Yancey) Percina caprodes Logperch T - S1 G5 M: Tennessee drainages (Alleghany, Ashe, Madison) Percina nigrofasciata Blackbanded Darter SR - S1 G5 M: Savannah drainage (Transylvania) Percina oxyrhynchus Sharpnose Darter SC - S1 G4 M: New River drainage (Alleghany, Ashe) Percina sciera Dusky Darter E - SH G5 M: French Broad drainage (Madison*) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 35 Percina squamata Olive Darter SC FSC S2 G3 M: Tennessee drainages (Cherokee, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison+, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey) Phenacobius teretulus Kanawha Minnow SC FSC S2 G3G4 M: New drainage (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Polyodon spathula Paddlefish E FSC SH G4 M: French Broad River (Buncombe*, Madison) Sander canadensis Sauger SR - S2 G5 M: French Broad and Hiwassee rivers (Cherokee+, Haywood+, Madison) Scartomyzon ariommus Bigeye Jumprock T - S1 G4 P: Dan drainage (Forsyth, Rockingham, Stokes) Semotilus lumbee Sandhills Chub SC FSC S3 G3 S: streams in the sandhills (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Montgomery*, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Thoburnia hamiltoni Rustyside Sucker E FSC S1 G3 P: Dan drainage (Stokes) MOLLUSKS – FRESHWATER BIVALVES Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf Wedgemussel E E S1 G1G2 PC: Tar and Neuse drainages, mainly near Fall Line (Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Orange, Person+, Pitt*, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Alasmidonta raveneliana Appalachian Elktoe E E S1 G1 M: Tennessee drainages (Buncombe*, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey) Alasmidonta sp. 2 a mussel from the Uwharries region SR - S1? GNR P: Uwharries region streams (endemic to North Carolina) (Davidson+, Montgomery, Randolph) Alasmidonta undulata Triangle Floater T - S2 G4 PC: most river systems in Piedmont and Coastal Plain (Caswell, Chatham, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Hertford, Johnston, Jones, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Northampton, Orange, Person, Pitt*, Randolph, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 36 Alasmidonta varicosa Brook Floater E FSC S1 G3 PM: Piedmont systems and along Blue Ridge escarpment of Catawba River system (Anson+, Burke+, Caldwell+, Chatham+, Forsyth+, Granville, Moore+, Orange, Randolph+, Surry+, Yadkin+) Alasmidonta viridis Slippershell Mussel E - S1 G4G5 M: Little Tennessee and Mills rivers (Henderson+, Macon+, Swain+) Anodonta couperiana Barrel Floater E - SH G3 C: Bladen County; formerly in Greenfield Lake (Bladen, New Hanover*) Anodonta implicata Alewife Floater T - S1 G5 C: Chowan, Meherrin, lower Roanoke and Pee Dee rivers (Anson, Bertie, Chowan, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Northampton, Richmond, Washington) Cyclonaias tuberculata Purple Wartyback E - S1 G5 M: New River (Alleghany) Elliptio dilatata Spike SC - S1 G5 M: Little Tennessee, Hiwassee, and New rivers (Alleghany, Ashe, Cherokee, Macon, Swain, Watauga) Elliptio folliculata Pod Lance SC - S1 G2G3Q C: Coastal Plain, mainly in Lake Waccamaw (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Duplin, Harnett, Pender, Sampson) Elliptio lanceolata Yellow Lance E FSC S1 G2G3 PC: Tar and Neuse systems, mainly near the Fall Line (Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Vance, Wake+, Warren, Wayne+) Elliptio marsupiobesa Cape Fear Spike SC - S3 G3Q C: Cape Fear and Neuse basins (endemic to North Carolina) (Bladen, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin, Johnston, Pender, Robeson, Sampson) Elliptio roanokensis Roanoke Slabshell T - S1 G3 PC: Cape Fear north to Roanoke river systems (Anson, Bladen, Craven, Cumberland, Edgecombe, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, Nash, Northampton, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly, Wake, Wayne) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 Elliptio steinstansana Tar River Spinymussel E E S1 G1 PC: Tar drainage, very rare in Neuse drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Edgecombe, Franklin, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Pitt*, Warren) Elliptio waccamawensis Waccamaw Spike E FSC S1 G2Q C: Lake Waccamaw and vicinity (endemic to this area and adjacent South Carolina) (Brunswick+, Columbus+) Fusconaia barnesiana Tennessee Pigtoe E - S1 G2G3 M: Little Tennessee River (Macon+, Swain+) Fusconaia masoni Atlantic Pigtoe E FSC S1 G2 CP: most Atlantic drainages, in lower Piedmont and upper Coastal Plain; also in Black River in lower Coastal Plain (Bladen, Caswell, Chatham+, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Northampton*, Orange, Pender, Person, Pitt, Randolph+, Sampson, Union, Wake, Warren, Wayne, Wilson) Fusconaia subrotunda Long-solid SR - S1 G3 M: Hiwassee and French Broad systems (Buncombe*, Cherokee, Clay, Transylvania) Lampsilis cariosa Yellow Lampmussel E FSC S1 G3G4 PC: a number of river systems; mainly near the Fall Line (Alamance*, Anson, Bladen, Chatham, Columbus, Cumberland, Davie, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Pender, Person, Pitt*, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Vance) Lampsilis fasciola Wavy-rayed Lampmussel SC - S1 G5 M: French Broad, Pigeon, Hiwassee, and Little Tennessee rivers (Cherokee, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey) Lampsilis fullerkati Waccamaw Fatmucket T FSC S1 G1Q C: Lake Waccamaw and vicinity (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) (Columbus) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 38 Lampsilis radiata conspicua Carolina Fatmucket T - S1? G5T2Q P: Neuse and Pee Dee systems (Alamance, Anson, Cabarrus, Davidson, Durham, Granville, Montgomery, Orange, Person, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly) Lampsilis radiata radiata Eastern Lampmussel T - S1S2 G5T5 CP: a number of river systems (Bladen, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Johnston, Jones, Nash, Northampton, Pender, Pitt, Sampson, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Lampsilis sp. 2 Chameleon Lampmussel SR - S1 G1 PC: Neuse, Tar, and Cape Fear systems (endemic to North Carolina) (Durham, Franklin, Granville, Nash+, Orange, Person, Vance) Lampsilis splendida Rayed Pink Fatmucket SR - S1? G3 C: Waccamaw and Cape Fear systems (records not yet entered) Lasmigona decorata Carolina Heelsplitter E E S1 G1 P: Catawba and Pee Dee drainages in Union County (endemic to this area and adjacent South Carolina) (Anson*, Cabarrus*, Mecklenburg*, Richmond*, Union) Lasmigona holstonia Tennessee Heelsplitter E FSC S1 G3 M: Mills River; formerly in Valley Creek in Cherokee County (Cherokee*, Henderson) Lasmigona subviridis Green Floater E FSC S1 G3 CPM: Tar, Neuse, and Cape Fear systems downstate; New and Watauga systems in mountains (Alleghany, Ashe, Durham, Edgecombe, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Northampton, Orange, Person, Rockingham, Stokes, Wake, Watauga) Leptodea ochracea Tidewater Mucket T - S1 G3G4 CP: a number of systems, primarily in the Coastal Plain; abundant in Lake Waccamaw (Bertie, Chowan, Columbus, Edgecombe*, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Martin, Northampton, Pitt, Washington) Ligumia nasuta Eastern Pondmussel T - S1 G4G5 C: Chowan, Roanoke, and Cape Fear systems (Anson, Bertie, Brunswick, Chowan, Gates, Hertford, Nash*, Pitt*, Richmond, Washington) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 39 Pegias fabula Littlewing Pearlymussel E E S1 G1 M: Little Tennessee River; formerly in Valley River in Cherokee County (Cherokee*, Macon, Swain) Pleurobema collina James Spinymussel SR E S1 G1 P: Dan and Mayo rivers (Rockingham, Stokes) Pleurobema oviforme Tennessee Clubshell E FSC SU G2G3 M: French Broad and Hiwassee drainages (Cherokee, Transylvania) Sphaerium simile Grooved Fingernailclam SR - S1? G5 C: White Oak River (Jones, Onslow) Strophitus undulatus Creeper T - S2 G5 PCM: Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear, Pee Dee, and French Broad systems, perhaps other systems in Piedmont (Alamance, Anson, Buncombe, Caswell, Chatham, Davidson+, Durham, Edgecombe, Forsyth, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Henderson, Johnston, Jones, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Pitt, Polk, Randolph, Richmond, Rockingham, Stanly, Surry, Transylvania, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson, Yadkin) Toxolasma pullus Savannah Lilliput E FSC S1 G1G2 PC: a number of Atlantic drainages (Columbus, Montgomery, Orange, Randolph, Union) Villosa constricta Notched Rainbow SC - S3 G3 PC: most Atlantic drainages, mainly in lower Piedmont (Alamance, Burke, Cabarrus, Chatham, Duplin, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Lee*, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Randolph, Rockingham, Stanly, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Villosa delumbis Eastern Creekshell SR - S3 G4 PC: most Atlantic drainages (Alamance, Anson, Bladen, Brunswick, Burke, Cabarrus, Chatham, Cumberland, Duplin, Granville, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Person, Randolph, Rockingham, Sampson, Stanly, Union) Villosa iris Rainbow SC - S1 G5 M: Hiwassee and Little Tennessee drainages; formerly in French Broad drainage (Cherokee, Clay, Jackson, Macon, Swain) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 40 Villosa trabalis Cumberland Bean SR E S1 G1 M: Hiwassee River (Cherokee) Villosa vanuxemensis Mountain Creekshell T - S1 G4 M: Hiwassee River; formerly in French Broad drainage (Cherokee) Villosa vaughaniana Carolina Creekshell E FSC S2 G2 P: Pee Dee, Catawba, and Cape Fear systems (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) (Alamance, Anson, Cabarrus, Chatham, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, Orange, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly, Union) MOLLUSKS – FRESHWATER GASTROPODS Amnicola sp. 1 Waccamaw Snail SC - S1 G1 C: Lake Waccamaw and adjacent Big Creek (Columbus) Cincinnatia sp. 1 Waccamaw Siltsnail SC - S1 G1 C: Lake Waccamaw and adjacent Big Creek (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Elimia christyi [a split from E. Christy's Elimia E FSC S1 G2 interrupta, which does not occur in North Carolina] M: Hiwassee River and tributaries (Cherokee) Ferrissia hendersoni Blackwater Ancylid SC - S1 G5Q CP: scattered locales in Coastal Plain and Piedmont, but mainly on margins of Carolina bay lakes (records not yet entered) Helisoma eucosmium Greenfield Rams-horn E FSC S1 G1Q C: Greenfield Lake (formerly), creek in Brunswick County (endemic to North Carolina) (Brunswick, New Hanover*) Leptoxis dilatata Seep Mudalia T - S1 G3 M: New River drainage in Ashe, Alleghany, and Watauga counties (Alexander*, Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Planorbella magnifica Magnificent Rams-horn E FSC S1 G1 C: Orton Pond and pond on Sand Hill Creek; formerly Greenfield Lake (endemic to North Carolina) (Brunswick, New Hanover*) Somatogyrus virginicus Panhandle Pebblesnail SR FSC S1? G1G2 P: Eno River (Durham) Viviparus intertextus Rotund Mysterysnail SR - S2? G4 C: swamps in Lumber and Waccamaw drainages (Columbus, Robeson) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41 MOLLUSKS – TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS Appalachina chilhoweensis Queen Crater SC - S2 G4 M: cove hardwoods (Graham+, Haywood+, Madison+, Swain+) Catinella pugilator Weedpatch Ambersnail SR - S1? G1G2 C: marsh ecotones (Currituck) Catinella waccamawensis Waccamaw Ambersnail T - S1 G1Q C: shoreline of Lake Waccamaw (endemic to this area) (Columbus) Daedalochila nr. auriformis a liptooth SR - S1S2 GNR C: very wet clay savannas? (Brunswick) Discus bryanti Sawtooth Disc SC - S2 G3 M: cove hardwoods; Watauga to Madison counties (Buncombe, Madison, Mitchell) Fumonelix jonesiana Big-tooth Covert T - S1 G1 M: spruce-fir and northern hardwoods; Newfound Gap area of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (endemic to this area) (Swain*) Fumonelix orestes Engraved Covert T - S1 G1 M: spruce-fir and northern hardwoods; Plott Balsam mountains (endemic to this area) (Haywood, Jackson) Fumonelix wheatleyi clingmanicus Clingman Covert T FSC S1 G4T2T3 M: Clingmans Dome region of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (endemic to this area) (Swain) Glyphyalinia clingmani Fragile Glyph E FSC S1 G1 M: wet leaf litter associated with seepage runs; Black Mountains of Yancey County (endemic to North Carolina) (Yancey) Glyphyalinia junaluskana Dark Glyph SC - S2 G2 M: cove hardwoods; southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Graham+, Macon+, Swain+) Glyphyalinia pentadelphia Pink Glyph SC - S2 G2G3 M: cove hardwoods; southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Clay+, Graham+, Macon+, Swain+) Glyphyalinia vanattai - see Pilsbryna vanattai Haplotrema kendeighi Blue-footed Lancetooth SC - S1S2 G2 M: southwestern mountains (Macon+, Swain+) Helicodiscus bonamicus Spiral Coil SC - S1 G1 M: Nantahala Gorge vicinity (endemic to this area) (Graham+, Macon+, Swain+) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42 Helicodiscus fimbriatus Fringed Coil SC - S2 G4 M: rocky soils; extreme southwestern corner of the state (Cherokee+, Graham+) Helicodiscus saludensis Corncob Snail SR - S1? G1 M: no habitat or locality data (records not yet entered) Helicodiscus triodus Talus Coil SR - S1? G2 M: Madison County (Madison) Inflectarius downieanus Dwarf Globelet SR - S1 G3 M: northern mountains (Watauga) Inflectarius ferrissi Smoky Mountain Covert T - S2 G2 M: spruce-fir and northern hardwoods; Great Smoky Mountains and Plott Balsams (endemic to these ranges) (Haywood+, Jackson+, Swain+) Inflectarius subpalliatus Velvet Covert SC - S2 G2 M: central mountains (Avery to Haywood counties) (Avery, Haywood+, Madison, Mitchell, Watauga) Inflectarius verus a snail SR - S1? G1 M: forests (Swain) Mesodon altivagus Wandering Globe SR - S2S3 G2G3 M: spruce-fir forests (Avery, Swain) Mesomphix andrewsae Mountain Button SR - S3? G3G4 M: high elevation forests (records not yet entered) Novisuccinea sp. 1 nr. chittenangoensis an ambersnail SR - S1S3 GNR M: northern hardwoods? (Graham) Pallifera hemphilli Black Mantleslug SC - S2 G4 M: high elevation forests, mainly spruce-fir (Avery+, Jackson+, Mitchell+, Swain+, Yancey+) Paravitrea andrewsae High Mountain Supercoil SC - S2 G2 M: cove forests with rocky slopes; northern half of the mountains (Avery, Buncombe+, Madison, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey+) Paravitrea bellona Club Supercoil SR - S1? G1 M: wooded river bluffs and ravines (records not yet entered) Paravitrea clappi Mirey Ridge Supercoil SC - S1S2 G2G3 M: spruce-fir and northern hardwoods; high elevations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Swain+) Paravitrea lacteodens Ramp Cove Supercoil SC - S1 G1 M: Graham County, possibly Cherokee County (endemic to this area) (Graham+) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43 Paravitrea lamellidens Lamellate Supercoil SC - S2 G2 M: cove hardwoods under rocks; southern half of the mountains (Cherokee+, Graham+, Haywood+, Macon+, Swain+, Yancey+) Paravitrea placentula Glossy Supercoil SC - S2 G3 M: Madison, Mitchell and Swain counties (Madison, Mitchell, Swain+) Paravitrea ternaria Sculpted Supercoil T FSC S1 G1G2 M: found under moist leaf litter on wooded hillsides and slopes (endemic to Madison County and Unicoi County, Tennessee) (Madison) Paravitrea umbilicaris Open Supercoil SC - S2 G2 M: cove forests with rocky slopes; extreme southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Graham+, Macon+) Paravitrea varidens Roan Supercoil T FSC S1S2 G1G2 M: Mitchell and Yancey counties (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent Tennessee) (Mitchell, Yancey+) Patera clarki clarki Dwarf Proud Globe SC - S2 G3T3 M: cove hardwoods (Cherokee+, Clay+, Graham+, Jackson+, Macon+, Swain+) Patera clarki nantahala Noonday Globe T T S1 G3T1 M: Nantahala Gorge (endemic to this site) (Swain) Pilsbryna nodopalma Oar Tooth Bud SR - S1 G1G2 M: rock outcrops and rocky hillsides along streams (records not yet entered) Pilsbryna vanattai Honey Glyph SC - S1S2 G2G3 M: wet leaf litter next to seeps or streams (Avery+, Mitchell+, Yancey+) Stenotrema altispira Highland Slitmouth SR - S3? G2 M: high elevation forests (records not yet entered) Stenotrema depilatum Great Smoky Slitmouth SC - S2 G2 M: Great Smoky Mountains National Park (essentially endemic to this area) (Graham+, Swain+) Striatura exigua Ribbed Striate SR - S1S2 G5 M: swampy woods and moist forests (records not yet entered) Triodopsis fulciden Dwarf Threetooth SC - S1S2 G1G2 P: southwestern Piedmont (endemic to North Carolina) (Burke+, Catawba+, Cleveland+, Lincoln+) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44 Triodopsis soelneri Cape Fear Threetooth T FSC S2 G2 C: swampy habitats in the extreme southeastern corner of the state (endemic to North Carolina) (Brunswick, Columbus*, New Hanover) Triodopsis tennesseensis Budded Threetooth SR - S1S3 G4 M: Hot Springs vicinity (Madison) Valvata sincera a valvatid snail SR - S1 G5 P: Pee Dee drainage (Richmond) Ventridens coelaxis Bidentate Dome SC - S2 G3 M: cove forests; northern mountains (Alleghany+, Avery+, Madison, Watauga+) Ventridens collisella Sculptured Dome SR - S1 G4 M: northern mountains (Mitchell, Watauga) Ventridens decussatus Crossed Dome SR - S3? G2G3 M: montane oak-hickory forests (records not yet entered) Ventridens lasmodon Hollow Dome SR - S1S3 G4 M: Madison County (Madison) Vertigo alabamensis Alabama Vertigo SR - S2S3 G1G2 C: pocosins (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Greene, Pamlico, Pender, Scotland, Tyrrell) Vertigo n. sp. 1 a new vertigo SR - S2S3 GNR C: pocosins (Bladen, Brunswick, Craven, Jones, Pamlico, Pender, Tyrrell) Zonitoides patuloides Appalachian Gloss SC - S2 G3 M: cove hardwoods in deep leaf litter; southwestern mountains (Macon+, Swain+) ARACHNIDS This arachnid list is a selective one, concentrating on cave and other montane spiders, and is not intended to be a complete list of the rare arachnids in the state. Hypochilus coylei a lampshade spider SR - S3? G3? M: rock outcrops (apparently endemic to southern mountains of North Carolina) (Buncombe, Henderson, McDowell, Polk, Rutherford) Hypochilus sheari a lampshade spider SR - S2S3 G2G3 M: rock outcrops (apparently endemic to Buncombe, McDowell, and Yancey counties, NC) (Buncombe, McDowell, Yancey) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 45 Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR E S1 G1 M: in moss of spruce-fir forests (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent Tennessee) (Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, Swain*, Watauga, Yancey*) Nesticus brimleyi a nesticid spider SR - S1? G1G2 M: caves (endemic to the vicinity of Bat Cave) Nesticus carolinensis Linville Caverns Spider SR - S1 G1? M: caves (apparently endemic to Linville Caverns) (McDowell*) Nesticus cooperi Lost Nantahala Cave Spider SR FSC S1 G1 M: caves and along Nantahala River (apparently endemic to this area) (Macon, Swain+) Nesticus crosbyi a nesticid spider SR - S1? G1? M: spruce-fir forests (apparently endemic to Mount Mitchell) Nesticus gertschi a nesticid spider SR - S1? G1G2 M: caves; Bat Cave (endemic to this area) Nesticus mimus a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2 M: rocky areas; known from Grandfather Mountain and Table Rock; also in Virginia Nesticus sheari a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2? M: on ground in moist or rich forests (apparently endemic to Graham County, NC) Nesticus silvanus a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2? M: habitat not indicated (apparently endemic to southern mountains of North Carolina) Nesticus sp. 1 a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2? M: habitat not indicated (known only from Jackson and Transylvania counties) (endemic to North Carolina) Nesticus sp. 2 a nesticid spider SR - S1S3 G1G3 M: on ground in forests (only known from Clay County, NC) CRUSTACEANS Caecidotea carolinensis Bennett's Mill Cave Water Slater SR FSC S1 G2G3 P: caves; in McDowell County (endemic to this area) (McDowell) Cambarus acanthura Spinytail Crayfish SR - S1 G4 M: pools and small creeks in the Hiwassee drainage (records not yet entered) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 46 Cambarus catagius Greensboro Burrowing Crayfish SC - S2 G3 P: Greensboro area to Uwharries (endemic to North Carolina) (Davidson, Guilford, Montgomery, Randolph) Cambarus chaugaensis Oconee Stream Crayfish SC - S2 G2 M: streams in Savannah drainage (endemic to northwest South Carolina and adjacent North Carolina and Georgia) (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Cambarus davidi Carolina Ladle Crayfish SR - S2S3 G2G3 P: Neuse and Cape Fear drainages (endemic to North Carolina) (Alamance, Caswell, Chatham, Durham, Harnett, Orange, Rockingham, Wake) Cambarus georgiae Little Tennessee River Crayfish SC - S2S3 G1 M: streams in Little Tennessee drainage (Jackson, Macon) Cambarus hystricosus Sandhills Spiny Crayfish SR - S2 G2 S: streams in the Sandhills. (endemic to North Carolina) (records not yet entered) Cambarus lenati Broad River Stream Crayfish SR - S2 G2 P: streams in the Broad River drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Cleveland*, Rutherford) Cambarus nodosus Knotty Burrowing Crayfish SR - S2 G4 M: seepages and other mucky areas in Hiwassee drainage (records not yet entered) Cambarus parrishi Hiwassee Headwaters Crayfish SC FSC S2S3 G1 M: streams in Hiwassee drainage (Cherokee+, Clay) Cambarus reburrus French Broad River Crayfish SR FSC S2S3 G3G4 M: streams in upper portions of French Broad drainage, and in one stream in Savannah drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Buncombe, Henderson+, Jackson, Madison, Transylvania) Cambarus spicatus Broad River Spiny Crayfish SC - S2 G3 P: streams in Broad River drainage (Cleveland, Polk) Cambarus tuckasegee Tuckasegee Stream Crayfish SR - S1 G1G3 M: streams in Tuckasegee River subdrainage of Little Tennessee River drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Jackson, Swain) Diacyclops jeanneli putei Carolina Well Diacyclops SR - SH G3G4T1T2 P: dug well, in Orange County (endemic to North Carolina) (Orange*) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47 Lynceus gracilicornis Graceful Clam Shrimp SR - S2? G5 C: temporary ponds, pools, and ditches (Craven, New Hanover) Orconectes carolinensis North Carolina Spiny Crayfish SC - S3 G3 CP: rivers and streams in the Neuse and Tar drainages (endemic to North Carolina) (Craven*, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Greene*, Halifax, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir*, Nash, Pitt, Vance, Wake*, Warren, Wilson) Orconectes sp. 3 a crayfish SR - S2? GNR M: Cheoah River subdrainage of the Little Tennessee River basin (probably endemic to this area) (records not yet entered) Orconectes virginiensis Chowanoke Crayfish SC FSC S3 G3 C: streams and rivers in the Chowan and Roanoke drainages (Bertie, Granville+, Halifax, Hertford, Martin, Northampton) Procambarus braswelli Waccamaw Crayfish SC - S2S3 G2G3 C: Waccamaw River and tributary streams (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) (Brunswick, Columbus, Scotland) Procambarus plumimanus Croatan Crayfish SR - S3 G4 C: rivers, ponds, ditches, and borrow pits in eastern Coastal Plain (endemic to North Carolina) (Carteret, Craven, Duplin*, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Skistodiaptomus carolinensis Carolina Skistodiaptomus SR - S1? GNR M: Lake Ravenel in Macon County (endemic to North Carolina) (Macon) Stygobromus carolinensis Yancey Sideswimmer SR FSC S1 G1G2 M: seeps at Mount Mitchell (endemic to North Carolina) (Yancey+) INSECTS – MAYFLIES Asioplax dolani a mayfly SR - S2 G4 P: Neuse River (Wayne, Johnston) Baetisca becki a mayfly SR - S1 G2G3 PC: Swift Creek (Nash), Fishing Creek (Edgecombe, Halifax) Baetisca laurentina a mayfly SR - SU G5 PC: Lower Jacobs Fork (Catawba), Trent River (Jones) Baetisca obesa a mayfly SR - S1 G5 C: known in NC only from the lower Tar River (Edgecombe, Pitt) Baetopus trishae a mayfly SR - S1 G1G2 no locality data NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 48 Barbaetis benfieldi Benfield's Bearded Small Minnow SR - S1 G2G4 M: Jacob Fork (Burke), French Broad Mayfly River (Buncombe, Transylvania), Caney Fork (Jackson); may be undersampled -- narrow window of collectibility Cercobrachys etowah a caenid mayfly SR - S2 G4 P: known in NC only from the Tar River; taxonomically difficult Choroterpes basalis a mayfly SR - S2 G5 PSC: Waccamaw River (Columbus, Brunswick), Drowning Creek (Richmond), Bear Creek (Chatham), Lanes Creek (Union), UT Laurens Creek (Union), Dutchmans Creek (?) Dolania americana American Sand Burrowing Mayfly SR FSC SH G4 C: only known NC occurrence is from the Black River; not seen since 1974 (Sampson) Drunella longicornis a mayfly SR - S3 G5 M: recorded from nine streams and rivers, from Watauga River (Watauga) to Williamson Creek (Transylvania) (Avery, Henderson, McDowell, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Ephemerella berneri a mayfly SR - S2 G4 PM: probably widespread in clean streams and rivers with Podostemum (Ashe, Buncombe, Burke, Durham, McDowell, Rockingham) Habrophlebiodes spp. Habrophlebiodes mayflies SR - S2 GNR very small streams; no locality data Homoeoneuria cahabensis Cahaba Sand-filtering Mayfly SR - S1S2 G2G3 P: South Fork Yadkin River (Davie), South Fork Catawba River (Lincoln), Hunting Creek (Iredell), Third Creek (Rowan), Second Broad River (Rutherford) Macdunnoa brunnea a mayfly SR - S2 G3G4 MP: French Broad River (Buncombe), Mills River (Henderson), Hunting Creek (Davie, Iredell), Leepers Creek (Gaston), Yadkin River (Wilkes), Swift Creek (Nash) Plauditus cestus a mayfly SR - S1 G5 no habitat information (records not yet entered) Serratella serrata [formerly S. spiculosa] Spiculose Serratellan Mayfly SR - S1 G5 M: creeks (Macon) Tortopus puella a mayfly SR - S1 G4 P: only one NC specimen known, from Tar River (Franklin) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 49 INSECTS – STONEFLIES Attaneuria ruralis a stonefly SR - S2 G4 MS: Cataloochee Creek (Haywood), West Fork Pigeon River (Haywood), South Fork New River (Ashe), Naked Creek (Richmond) Beloneuria georgiana Georgia Beloneurian Stonefly SR - S1S3 G2 M: high elevation rheocrenes [spring brooks] (Macon) Bolotoperla rossi a stonefly SR - S3 G4 M: known from eight streams and rivers in the mountains, from Ashe County to Transylvania County (Alleghany, Ashe, Caldwell, McDowell, Transylvania, Watauga) Isoperla frisoni a stonefly SR - S3 G5 MP: known from six streams and rivers in the mountains, from the New River (Ashe) to Whiteoak Creek (Macon); also found in the Dan River (Ashe, Macon, Transylvania) Isoperla lata a perlid stonefly SR - S3 G5 M: recent state records from Fires Creek (Clay) and Big Creek (Haywood) Megaleuctra williamsae Williams' Rare Winter Stonefly SR - S1 G2 M: UT Cullasaja River (Macon), Cove Creek (Haywood), Mull Creek (Jackson), Beech Flats Prong (Swain); possibly undersampled -- semi-aquatic Perlinella ephyre a stonefly SR - S3 G5 PSC: known from eight streams and rivers in the Sandhills and inner Coastal Plain; also occurs in Flat River (Person) and Terrible Creek (Wake) Zapada chila a stonefly SR - S1S2 G2 M: small streams – Beech Flats Prong (Swain), also in Ashe County; hard to identify and may be undersampled INSECTS – CADDISFLIES Ceraclea cancellata a caddisfly SR - S1S2 G5 SC: Naked Creek (Richmond), Roanoke River (Bertie), Ellis and Turnbull creeks (Bladen) Ceraclea mentiea a caddisfly SR - S2 G5 MP: Big Horse Creek (Ashe), North and South Forks of New River (Ashe, Alleghany, Watauga); Mayo River (Rockingham) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 50 Ceraclea slossonae a caddisfly SR - S2? G4 M: North Fork New River (Ashe), Johns River (Burke); may be more numerous but difficult to identify Ceraclea sp. 1 a caddisfly SR - S1? G2 no locality data (records not yet entered) Dibusa angata a caddisfly SR - S3 G5 P: South Yadkin River (Davie), Eno River (Durham), Little River (Wake), Little River (Durham), Cane Creek (Orange) Diplectrona metaqui a diplectronan caddisfly SR - S1 G4G5 P: known in NC only from Hanging Rock State Park (Stokes), but has possibly been undersampled -- occurs in small streams Manophylax altus Mount Mitchell Caddisfly SR - S1 G2G3 M: recorded only from Mt. Mitchell (Yancey) but probably occurs elsewhere Matrioptila jeanae a caddisfly SR - S3 G4 PM: known from ten streams and rivers in the mountains and Piedmont; poorly sampled due to occurrence in small streams (Burke, Clay, Henderson, Johnston, Macon, Transylvania) Micrasema burksi a caddisfly SR - S3 G4G5 M: known from eleven streams in the mountains, from Avery County to Clay County (Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swain, Yancey) Micrasema sprulesi a caddisfly SR - S3 G5 PM: known from eight streams and rivers, primarily in the mountains but also in the Mayo River (Burke, Henderson, Macon, McDowell, Rockingham, Surry, Yancey) Palaeagapetus celsus a caddisfly SR - S2 G5 M: Wilson Creek (Avery), Boone Fork (Watauga); may be undersampled due to occurrence in small streams Rhyacophila amicis a caddisfly SR - S2 G2 M: Cullasaja River (Macon), Nantahala River (Macon, Clay), Whiterock Creek (Jackson), Spainhour Creek (Caldwell), North Toe River (? County), Deep Creek (? County), Oconoluftee River (Swain) Rhyacophila celadon Celadon Caddisfly SR - S1? G2G3 M: no habitat data (Swain) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51 Rhyacophila mainensis a caddisfly SR - S2 G5 M: Oconaluftee River, South Toe River, Tusquitee Creek, Palmer Creek (Clay, Haywood, Henderson, Macon, McDowell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey) Rhyacophila vibox a rhyacophilan caddisfly SR - S1S2 G5 MP: Whiteoak Creek (Macon), Mitchell River (Surry) Triaenodes marginatus a triaenode caddisfly SR - S3 G5 PSC: Stewart Creek (Mecklenburg), Long Creek (Gaston), Whiteoak Creek (Polk); Lumber River (Robeson), UT Hitchcock Creek (Richmond), Mill Creek (Moore) INSECTS – DRAGONFLIES Aeshna tuberculifera Black-tipped Darner SR - S1S2 G4 M: boggy or marshy ponds (Burke+, Wilkes+) Aeshna verticalis Green-striped Darner SR - S1S2 G5 M: marshy ponds (Burke+, Henderson+) Cordulia shurtleffii American Emerald SR - S1? G5 M: ponds, lakes, bogs (Burke+) Gomphus abbreviatus Spine-crowned Clubtail SR - S3? G3G4 PC: rivers (Chatham+, Cumberland+, Durham+, Lee+, Mecklenburg+, Montgomery+, Moore+, Person+, Randolph+, Union+) Gomphus adelphus Moustached Clubtail SR - S1S2 G4 M: small rivers with rapids (Avery+, Haywood+, Madison+, Yancey+) Gomphus australis Clearlake Clubtail SR - S2? G4 C: lakes and ponds (Brunswick+, New Hanover+) Gomphus borealis Beaverpond Clubtail SR - SH G4 M: lakes, ponds, streams (Mitchell*) Gomphus cavillaris brimleyi Brimley's Clubtail SR - S1S2 G4T3 SC: sand-bottomed lakes and streams (Bladen+, Brunswick+) Gomphus consanguis Cherokee Clubtail SR FSC S1S2 G2G3 M: small spring-fed streams (Burke+, Davie+) Gomphus descriptus Harpoon Clubtail SR - S1? G4 M: large streams and rivers (Avery+, Haywood+) Gomphus fraternus Midland Clubtail SR - S1? G5 P: rocky rivers (Anson+, Stanly+) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 52 Gomphus lineatifrons Splendid Clubtail SR - S2S3 G4 MP: rivers (Alleghany+, Ashe+, Avery+, Durham+, Haywood+, Orange+) Gomphus quadricolor Rapids Clubtail SR - S1S2 G3G4 P: rocky rivers (Chatham+, Moore+) Gomphus septima Septima's Clubtail SR FSC S1S3 G2 P: rivers (Chatham, Durham*, Harnett, Lee, Moore+) Gomphus ventricosus Skillet Clubtail SR - S1S2 G3 P: rivers (Caswell+, Franklin+, Vance+) Gomphus viridifrons Green-faced Clubtail SR - S1S2 G3 M: rivers (Alleghany+, Ashe+) Ladona julia Chalk-fronted Corporal SR - S1 G5 M: bogs, marshes (Jackson) Libellula julia - see Ladona Macromia margarita Mountain River Cruiser SR FSC S2S3 G3 PM: rivers (Burke, Caldwell+, Macon+, Stokes, Transylvania*) Neurocordulia molesta Smoky Shadowdragon SR - S2S3 G4 C: rivers (Bladen+, Cumberland+, Edgecombe+, Harnett+, Lenoir+, Richmond+, Sampson+, Wayne+) Neurocordulia virginiensis Cinnamon Shadowdragon SR - S2S3 G4 P: large rivers (Chatham+, Durham+, Halifax+, Harnett+, Nash+) Neurocordulia yamaskanensis Stygian Shadowdragon SR - S1S2 G5 M: rivers (Alleghany+, Madison+) Ophiogomphus aspersus Brook Snaketail SR - S1S2 G3G4 M: rapids of rivers and streams (Alleghany+, Ashe, Haywood+) Ophiogomphus edmundo Edmund's Snaketail SR FSC S1? G1G2 M: Blue Ridge Escarpment streams (Burke, Caldwell) Ophiogomphus howei Pygmy Snaketail SR FSC S1S2 G3 M: rivers (Alleghany, Ashe, Burke) Ophiogomphus mainensis Maine Snaketail SR - S2S3 G4 M: rapids of rivers and streams (Burke, Caldwell+, Haywood+, Mitchell+, Watauga+, Yancey+) Progomphus bellei Belle's Sanddragon SR FSC S1 G3 C: sand-bottomed lakes and streams (Bladen) Somatochlora elongata Ski-tailed Emerald SR - S2S3 G5 M: slow to moderate streams (Avery+, Burke+, Clay+, Jackson+, Macon+) Stylurus scudderi Zebra Clubtail SR - S3? G4 M: streams and rivers (Ashe+, Avery+, Jackson+, Macon+, Swain+, Wilkes+) NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53 Stylurus townesi Townes' Clubtail SR FSC S1? G3 C: small rivers (Columbus+, Robeson+) Sympetrum obtrusum White-faced Meadowhawk SR - S1? G5 M: boggy or marshy ponds and lakes (Ashe, Watauga+) INSECTS – DAMSELFLIES Enallagma minusculum Little Bluet SR - S1? G3G4 C: lakes and ponds (Bladen+) Enallagma sulcatum Golden Bluet SR - S1? G4 C: ? (Columbus+) Lestes congener Spotted Spreadwing SR - S1? G5 M: ? (Alleghany+) INSECTS – FLIES Eulonchus marialiciae Mary Alice's Small-headed Fly SR - S1S3 G1G3 M: high elevation hardwood-hemlock forests (endemic to North Carolina) (Haywood, Jackson, Macon*, Swain, Transylvania) INSECTS – MOTHS Acronicta albarufa Barrens Daggermoth SR - S1S2 G3G4 P: oak glades and barrens Acronicta perblanda Cypress Daggermoth SR - S1S2 G3G4 C: cypress swamps Acronicta sinescripta a dagger moth SR - S1S3 G3G4 C: savannas and flatwoods (Brunswick, Pender+) Agrotis carolina [formerly Agrotis sp 1 a dart moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 nr buchholzi] SC: flatwoods with pyxie-moss (Bladen+, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven+, Onslow+, Pender) Anacamptodes cypressaria an inchworm moth SR - SU G2G4 C: cypress swamps (Brunswick, Dare, Martin) Apamea inebriata a noctuid moth SR - S1S2 G3G4 C: sedge meadows Apamea mixta a noctuid moth SR - S1S2 GU C: savannas Apameine new genus 1 sp. 2 a cane borer moth SR - SH GNR M: canebrakes Apameine new genus 2 sp. 3 a canebrake moth SR - S2S3 GNR C: woodland canebrakes Apameine new genus 4 sp. 1 a canebrake moth SR - S2S3 GNR C: woodland canebrakes NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54 Apantesis sp. 1 nr. carlotta a tiger moth SR - S2? G4 C: savannas and sandhill seeps (Brunswick, Carteret, Pender+) Bleptina sangamonia a noctuid moth SR - S1S2 GU C: unknown Callosamia securifera Sweetbay Silkmoth SR - S2S3 G4 C: pocosins and other wetlands with sweetbay (Bladen+, Brunswick+, Carteret, Hoke+, Washington+) Catocala amestris Three-staff Underwing SR - S1S2 G4 C: sand ridges and flatwoods with leadplant (New Hanover+) Catocala consors Consort Underwing SR - SH G4 P: oak-hickory forests Catocala dulciola Sweet Underwing SR - SU G3 M: forests with hawthorns (Alleghany*) Catocala grisatra Grisatra Underwing SR - S1S2 G1G3 C: sandhills and dry woods with hawthorns (Bladen+) Catocala herodias gerhardi Herodias Underwing SR - SU G3T3 M: oak forests, particularly with bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia) (Stokes+) Catocala jair Jair Underwing SR - S1S3 G4 SC: xeric pine-oak sandhills (Bladen, New Hanover+, Richmond+) Catocala lincolnana Lincoln Underwing SR - S2S3 G3 C: wooded areas with hawthorns (Brunswick+, Martin, Pender+) Catocala louiseae Louise's Underwing SR - S1S3 G4 C: flatwoods and other habitats with blueberries (Bladen+) Catocala marmorata Marbled Underwing SR - S1S3 G3G4 C: swamp forests with swamp cottonwood (Brunswick+, Martin+, New Hanover+) Catocala messalina Messalina Underwing SR - S2? G4 T: maritime forests and xeric sandhills (Dare*, New Hanover+) Catocala orba Orba Underwing SR - S2S3 G4 C: levee forests with hawthorn Cerma cora a bird-dropping moth SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: levee forests with hawthorn (Martin, New Hanover+) Chaetaglaea fergusoni a noctuid moth SR - SU G4 C: sandhills? (Brunswick+, New Hanover+) Cyclophora sp. 1 (culicaria of authors) Sand-myrtle Geometer SR - S2S3 G3 C: flatwoods with sand-myrtle (Leiophyllum) (Brunswick) Datana robusta a prominent moth SR - S1S2 G2G4 C: savannas, flatwoods, and sandhills NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55 Drasteria graphica Graphic Moth SR - S2S3 G4 T: maritime shrub thickets (Brunswick+, New Hanover+) Dysgonia similis an owlet moth SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: pocosins and flatwoods (Brunswick+, Carteret, Dare, Onslow+, Pender+, Washington+) Eilema bicolor Bicolored Moth SR - S1S2 G5 M: spruce-fir forests Entephria seperata a geometrid moth SR - SH GNR M: high elevation forests or heath balds Eubaphe meridiana The Little Beggar SR - S2S3 G4 C: savannas (Brunswick, Pender+) Euchlaena milnei Milne's Euchlaena SR - S1S3 G2G4 M: unknown Eupithecia peckorum an inchworm moth SR - S2? G4 C: sandhills and flatwoods (Brunswick, New Hanover+, Pender+) Euxoa violaris Violet Dart SR - S1S2 G4 C: beach dunes Exyra semicrocea a pitcher-plant moth SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: wetlands with pitcher-plants (Bladen+, Brunswick, Onslow+, Pender+) Faronta aleada a noctuid moth SR - S1S2 GNR C: unknown Franclemontia interrogans [formerly a noctuid moth SR - S3? G3G4 Phragmatiphila interrogans] C: canebrakes (Carteret) Gabara sp. 1 a noctuid moth SR - S1S2 G1G3 C: savannas and flatwoods (Brunswick+, Onslow+, Pender+) Grammia phyllira Phyllira Tiger Moth SR - S2S3 G4 C: sandhills (Pender) Grammia placentia Placentia Tiger Moth SR - S2S3 G4 SC: sandhills Heliomata infulata Rare Spring Moth SR - S2S3 G2G4 MPC: unknown Hemeroplanis sp. 1 nr. obliqualis an owlet moth SR - S2S3 GNR CP: unknown Hemipachnobia monochromatea Sundew Cutworm Moth SR - S1? G4 C: cranberry bogs and northern low pocosins (Dare) Hemipachnobia subporphyrea Venus Flytrap Cutworm Moth SR FSC S1? G1 C: savannas with Venus flytraps (endemic to North Carolina) (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Pender) Hepialus sciophanes a ghost moth SR - S1S3 GU M: spruce-fir forests Heterocampa varia a prominent moth SR - S1S2 G3G4 SC: xeric pine-oak sandhills NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 56 Hypagyrtis brendae Brenda's Hypagyrtis SR - S2S3 G4 C: Atlantic white cedar forests (Brunswick, Dare) Hyperstrotia aetheria a noctuid moth SR - S1S2 GNR S: p
Object Description
Description
Title | Natural Heritage Program list of the rare animal species of North Carolina |
Other Title | Natural Heritage Program list of the rare animals of North Carolina |
Date | 2006 |
Description | 2006 |
Digital Characteristics-A | 497 KB; 112 p. |
Digital Format | application/pdf |
Full Text |
NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST
OF THE
RARE ANIMAL SPECIES
OF NORTH CAROLINA
2006
Eastern Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum)
Photo by Alvin Braswell; courtesy of the N.C. Museum of Natural Sciences
Compiled by
Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Vertebrate Zoologist
Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist
Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist
John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Office of Conservation and Community Affairs
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST
OF THE
RARE ANIMAL SPECIES
OF NORTH CAROLINA
2006
Compiled by
Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Vertebrate Zoologist
Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist
Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist
John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Office of Conservation and Community Affairs
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as further data become available.
New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list for various
reasons. The list is published periodically, generally every two years. Further
information on these species may be obtained by contacting the North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601, or by contacting the North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission, 1722 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1722. Additional
information on rare species, as well as a downloadable version of this rare animal
list, can be obtained from the Natural Heritage Program's website at
|
OCLC number | 45113377 |