Natural Heritage Program list of the rare animal species of North Carolina.

              NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST
OF THE
RARE ANIMAL SPECIES
OF NORTH CAROLINA
2010
Southern Hognose Snake ( Heterodon simus)
Photo by Harry LeGrand; N. C. Natural Heritage Program
Compiled by
Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Vertebrate Zoologist
John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist
Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Office of Conservation, Planning, & Community Affairs
N. C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST
OF THE
RARE ANIMAL SPECIES
OF NORTH CAROLINA
2010
Compiled by
Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Vertebrate Zoologist
John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager
Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist
Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs
N. C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as further data become available.
New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list for various
reasons. The list is published periodically, generally every two years. Further
information on these species may be obtained by contacting the North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699- 1601, or by contacting the North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission, 1722 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699- 1722. Additional
information on rare species, as well as a downloadable version of this rare animal
list, can be obtained from the Natural Heritage Program's website at
< www. ncnhp. org>.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... .............................. 6
LIST FORMAT ............................................................................................................................... .................................. 8
STATUS OF ANIMAL TAXA ON NHP RARE ANIMAL LIST ................................................................................ 17
MAMMALS ............................................................................................................................... ...................................... 19
BIRDS ............................................................................................................................... ................................................ 22
REPTILES ............................................................................................................................... ........................................ 27
AMPHIBIANS ............................................................................................................................... .................................. 30
FRESHWATER FISHES ............................................................................................................................... ................. 33
MOLLUSKS ............................................................................................................................... ..................................... 39
FRESHWATER BIVALVES ............................................................................................................................... . 39
FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS ................................................................................... 43
ARACHNIDS ............................................................................................................................... .................................... 47
CRUSTACEANS ............................................................................................................................... .............................. 48
INSECTS ............................................................................................................................... ........................................... 50
MAYFLIES ............................................................................................................................... ................................ 50
STONEFLIES ............................................................................................................................... ............................ 52
CADDISFLIES ............................................................................................................................... .......................... 54
DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES ................................................................................................................. 51
FLIES ............................................................................................................................... ....................................... 59
BUTTERFLIES ............................................................................................................................... ......................... 60
MOTHS ............................................................................................................................... ...................................... 64
GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS ..................................................................................................................... 70
BEETLES ............................................................................................................................... ................................... 71
TRUE BUGS ............................................................................................................................... .............................. 71
NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST ........................................................................................................... 72
MAMMALS ............................................................................................................................... ............................... 74
BIRDS ............................................................................................................................... ....................................... 75
REPTILES ............................................................................................................................... ................................. 77
AMPHIBIANS ............................................................................................................................... ........................... 78
FRESHWATER FISHES ............................................................................................................................... ......... 79
MOLLUSKS ............................................................................................................................... .............................. 80
FRESHWATER BIVALVES ..................................................................................................................... 80
FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS ....................................................................... 81
ARACHNIDS ............................................................................................................................... ............................. 82
CRUSTACEANS ............................................................................................................................... ....................... 83
INSECTS ............................................................................................................................... .................................... 85
MAYFLIES ............................................................................................................................... .................. 85
STONEFLIES ............................................................................................................................... .............. 87
CADDISFLIES ............................................................................................................................... ............ 88
DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES .................................................................................................. 92
BUTTERFLIES ............................................................................................................................... ........... 94
MOTHS ............................................................................................................................... ........................ 95
GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS ..................................................................................................... 101
BEETLES ............................................................................................................................... .................. 103
EXTIRPATED ANIMALS IN NORTH CAROLINA ................................................................................................. 104
MAMMALS ............................................................................................................................... ............................. 104
BIRDS ............................................................................................................................... ..................................... 104
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FRESHWATER FISHES ............................................................................................................................... ....... 105
MOLLUSKS ............................................................................................................................... ........................... 105
FRESHWATER BIVALVES ................................................................................................................... 105
ENDEMIC ANIMALS IN NORTH CAROLINA ....................................................................................................... 106
MAMMALS ............................................................................................................................... ............................. 106
REPTILES ............................................................................................................................... ............................... 106
AMPHIBIANS ............................................................................................................................... ......................... 106
FRESHWATER FISHES ............................................................................................................................... ....... 106
MOLLUSKS ............................................................................................................................... ............................ 106
FRESHWATER BIVALVES ................................................................................................................... 106
FRESHWATER GASTROPODS ............................................................................................................ 107
TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS ............................................................................................................ 107
ARACHNIDS ............................................................................................................................... ........................... 107
CRUSTACEANS ............................................................................................................................... ..................... 107
INSECTS ............................................................................................................................... .................................. 108
STONEFLIES ............................................................................................................................... ............ 108
CADDISFLIES ............................................................................................................................... .......... 108
FLIES ............................................................................................................................... ......................... 108
MOTHS ............................................................................................................................... ...................... 108
BUTTERFLIES ............................................................................................................................... ......... 108
GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS ..................................................................................................... 108
BEETLES ............................................................................................................................... .................. 108
SPRINGTAILS ............................................................................................................................... .......... 109
POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA ANIMALS........................................................................................ 110
MAMMALS ............................................................................................................................... ............................. 110
BIRDS ............................................................................................................................... ..................................... 111
REPTILES ............................................................................................................................... ............................... 112
AMPHIBIANS ............................................................................................................................... ......................... 112
FISHES ............................................................................................................................... ..................................... 113
INSECTS ............................................................................................................................... .................................. 114
BUTTERFLIES ............................................................................................................................... ......... 114
SIGNIFICANT 2010 REVISIONS TO THE ANIMAL LIST .................................................................................... 116
INDEX OF GENERA ............................................................................................................................... ..................... 120
NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM SPECIAL ANIMAL SURVEY FORM .................. 124
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Portions of this list have been developed with the assistance of biologists in North Carolina and
elsewhere. Scientific Councils for each vertebrate group and several invertebrates groups compiled the
bulk of the rare species lists ( for N. C. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species). Members
of the current ( 2009- 2010) Scientific Councils are ( except as indicated):
MAMMALS -- David Webster ( chair), Brian Arbogast, Mary Kay Clark, Lisa Gatens, Matina Kalcounis-
Rüppell, Chris McGrath, David Rabon. Former members: Bill Adams, David Adams, Carl Betsill, Mary
Bunch, John Funderburg, Heather Koopman, Susan Loeb, Nancy Moncrief, Nora Murdock, Roger
Powell, Terry Sharpe, Peter Weigl.
BIRDS -- John Gerwin ( chair), Dave Allen, Walker Golder, Mark Johns, Harry LeGrand, Joe Poston, Ted
Simons, Curtis Smalling. Former members: Allen Boynton, Phil Crutchfield, Herb Hendrickson, Tom
Howard, Wayne Irvin, Dave Lee, Merrill Lynch, Jim Parnell, Eloise Potter, Matt Rowe, Jeff Walters,
Haven Wiley.
AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES – Michael Dorcas ( chair), Alvin Braswell, Jeff Beane, Ed Corey, Matt
Godfrey, Jeff Humphries, Trip Lamb, Steven Price. Former members: Ruth Boettcher, Dick Bruce,
Sarah Cross, Julian Harrison, Harold Heatwole, Dennis Herman, Wilson Laney, Nora Murdock, Bill
Palmer, Jim Parnell, Dave Stephan, Wayne Van Devender, Dave Woodward.
FRESHWATER FISHES – Fred Harris ( chair), Dave Coughlan, Steve Fraley, Ryan Heise, Gabriela M.
Hogue, Tom Kwak, Wilson Laney, Sarah McRae, Gerald Pottern, Angie Rodgers, Fred Rohde, Wayne
Starnes, Bryn Tracy, Scott Van Horn, Gene Vaughan. Former members: John Alderman, Alvin Braswell,
Brooks Burr, Peter Coleman, David Etnier, Robert Jenkins, David Lindquist, Ed Menhinick, Anthony
Mullis, Richard Neves, Richard Noble, Bill Palmer, Steve Ross, Jerry West.
MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES [ no longer active] -- Steve Ross ( chair), Fred Rohde, David
Lindquist.
FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS ( 2006) -- Art Bogan ( chair), Gregory Cope,
Christopher Eads, John Fridell, Ryan Heise, Eugene Keferl, Jay Levine, Tim Savidge, Amy Van
Devender, Scott Van Horn, Lora Zimmerman. Former members: John Alderman, Bill Adams, Dick
Biggins, Andy Gerberich, Hugh Porter.
FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL CRUSTACEANS -- John Clamp ( chair), John Cooper, Jeff
Simmons. Former members: Bill Adams, John Alderman, David DeMont, Gabriela M. Hogue, Chris
McGrath, Bill McLarney, Janet Reid, Annette Taylor, Jan Williams.
John Cooper ( crayfishes), Dale Schweitzer ( various groups but especially moths), Bo Sullivan ( butterflies
and moths), and Duncan Cuyler ( dragonflies and damselflies) have been especially helpful in assisting the
N. C. Natural Heritage Program ( NC NHP) in the development of many of the invertebrate lists of rare
species. Also, the Biological Monitoring group of the N. C. Division of Water Quality ( especially Trish
MacPherson, Kathy Herring, Dave Lenat, and Dave Penrose) drafted the lists of mayflies, stoneflies, and
caddisflies for a previous ( 2001) publication of the rare animal list; and Lenat drafted lists of additional
aquatic insects, including beetles, for other versions of the NC NHP rare animal list. In addition to those
above who helped compile the rare species lists, other persons need to be acknowledged for providing
data on rare species and/ or providing input on versions of the NC NHP rare animal list. Those who have
made significant contributions ( and not already listed above) include: Janice Allen, Hal Bain, Scott
Bosworth, Sue Cameron, Susan Campbell, Mark Cantrell, Derb Carter, Jay Carter, Therese Conant, Will
Cook, Sam Cooper, Bob Currie, Mark Danaher, Ricky Davis, Bob Dellinger, Phil Doerr, Eric Fleek,
Aimee Fullerton, John Fussell, L. L. Gaddy, Ron Gatrelle, Gilbert Grant, Nelson Hairston, Paul Hart,
Scott Hartley, Tom Henson, Richard Highton, Erich Hoffman, Cato Holler, Donna Hollingsworth, Chris
Kelly, Joshua Laerm, Seth Lambiase, Kevin Markham, Jonathan Mays, Doug McNair, Jeff Nekola, Rob
Nichols, James Padgett, Tom Padgett, Jesse Perry, James Petranka, Jeff Pippen, Judith Ratcliffe, Bob
Rose, Mara Savacool, Frank Schwartz, Rowland Shelley, Mark Simpson, John Slapcinsky, Alan Smith,
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Ann Somers, Bob Soots, Phil Spivey, Simon Thompson, Brian Watson, Ted Wilcox, Logan Williams,
Lori Williams, Chris Wilson, Randy Wilson.
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NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
The attached list of animals represents those species of vertebrates and invertebrates for which the
N. C. Natural Heritage Program ( NC NHP) is collecting data - in files and in a computer database. This is
not strictly a list of protected animals; in fact, the majority of these species receive no formal protection
whatsoever. Rather, it is a list of species that are endangered, threatened, or otherwise occur in small or
unknown numbers in the state. The primary functions of the list are its use: 1) in determining priorities of
inventory and protection for these animals - including the proposed listing of species for federal or state
protection; 2) in determining priorities for protection of natural areas that contain such listed animals; and
3) in environmental assessments to " flag" rare species and their locations that might be negatively
affected by proposed actions.
The majority of the vertebrates, mollusks, and crustaceans on the list are those species currently listed for
state protection by the N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission ( WRC), based on lists of Endangered ( E),
Threatened ( T), and Special Concern ( SC) species developed over 20 years ago by Scientific Councils on
mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, freshwater fishes, mollusks, and crustaceans. All of these
species are included on this list, with the corresponding status listed in the " N. C. Status" column. ( In
addition, NC NHP is tracking other rare vertebrates, mollusks, and crustaceans not given a formal state
designation. These species are considered to be Significantly Rare [ SR] in North Carolina.)
As of November 2010, Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species of mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians, freshwater fishes, freshwater and terrestrial mollusks, and crustaceans are protected by state
law, under the jurisdiction of the WRC. Protection for crustaceans and certain venomous snakes was
enacted in 2002. However, State law does not allow for protection of invertebrate groups other than
mollusks and crustaceans.
During 1997 and 1998, the Scientific Councils re- convened, prepared updated lists of species needing
State protection, and submitted these lists to the WRC’s Nongame Wildlife Advisory Committee. These
lists were sent to the WRC for review; and approved in 1999. A recent change in State law requires any
proposed legislation ( such as lists of Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species) must go to
the State General Assembly; if there is no action by that body to overturn proposed legislation by a
specified date, the legislation becomes law. Fortunately, these lists became law on July 1, 2002. Since
that date, the Scientific Councils have met again and have made proposed changes, which were enacted
into law in summer 2008. Another round of Scientific Council meetings took place in 2009, and several
councils have completed draft proposed changes ( which are included in the “ Proposed N. C. Status
Changes on the Rare Animal List” in this document). It is expected that the proposed changes from all
six councils will be sent to the WRC for review in 2011; if accepted, these changes could become law in
summer 2012.
The list of rare marine and estuarine fishes was presented in 1988 by the N. C. Museum of Natural
Sciences. Except for the federally listed Endangered Shortnose Sturgeon, all other marine and estuarine
fishes were listed in 1988 as " Vulnerable, Category 2". Because the Atlantic Sturgeon also occurs in fresh
waters, it has been listed by WRC as a Special Concern species, and thus it is listed in this publication
under Freshwater Fishes ( as is the state Endangered Shortnose Sturgeon). Marine and estuarine fishes are
under the jurisdiction of the N. C. Division of Marine Fisheries; however, this agency does not have a list
of endangered, threatened, and special concern fishes. Beginning with the 2004 list, the NC NHP decided
7
to no longer track ( nor including on the Watch List) marine and estuarine fishes. This decision was not
due to their lack of state listing; rather, we receive few data on such species, survey for such species can
be cumbersome, protection of them is difficult if not impossible, and there has no been no recent
systematic account of the rarity and distribution of the hundreds of such fishes that occur in our salt and
brackish waters.
NC NHP lists of rare invertebrates -- other than mollusks and crustaceans -- have been derived from
multiple sources. These lists have been prepared in consultation with other biologists in North Carolina
and in the eastern United States. Because none of the invertebrates -- other than mollusks and crayfishes
-- have been given legal state protection by WRC as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern, these
species are given a status of Significantly Rare by NC NHP. For the same reasons as for marine and
estuarine fishes given above, the NC NHP is no longer keeping marine invertebrates on its Rare or Watch
lists. NC NHP has also removed millipedes, scorpionflies, most beetles, ants, and annelids from its
Watch List, primarily due to lack of new data on them and the apparent lack or scarcity of biologists
working with these groups to provide data or provide updated lists of rare taxa. Beginning with the 2006
list, the NC NHP has moved ostracods from the Rare List to the Watch List, even though some are
Federal Species of Concern. This move is due to the great difficulty in surveying for such tiny, symbiotic
species and to the difficulty in assessing population status and range in the state.
8
LIST FORMAT
Species are grouped by major taxa. The vertebrates are arranged by class, beginning with the most
advanced phylogenetically ( mammals). Within a given taxa, species are listed alphabetically by scientific
name. The following information is presented for each species on the list. " Status" is a word or phrase
that indicates the degree of protection ( if any), based on rarity, of a species; " rank" is a numerical scale of
the rarity of a species, regardless of legal protection.
Scientific Name.
Common Name. For most groups, these names are not standardized.
North Carolina Status. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species of mammals, birds,
reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, freshwater and terrestrial mollusks, and crustaceans have legal
protection status in North Carolina ( Wildlife Resources Commission). In addition to the above
categories, the Natural Heritage Program maintains computerized records on Significantly Rare species,
as well as species considered extirpated in the state. Paper files only are maintained for a few of the
above species; these species are indicated by the phrase " not tracking."
STATUS
CODE
STATUS DEFINITION
E Endangered " Any native or once- native species of wild animal whose continued
existence as a viable component of the State's fauna is determined by the
Wildlife Resources Commission to be in jeopardy or any species of wild
animal determined to be an ' endangered species' pursuant to the
Endangered Species Act." ( Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General
Statutes; 1987).
T Threatened " Any native or once- native species of wild animal which is likely to
become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout
all or a significant portion of its range, or one that is designated as a
threatened species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act." ( Article 25
of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987).
SC Special
Concern
" Any species of wild animal native or once- native to North Carolina
which is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to require
monitoring but which may be taken under regulations adopted under the
provisions of this Article." ( Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General
Statutes; 1987).
9
STATUS
CODE
SR
STATUS
Significantly
Rare
DEFINITION
Any species which has not been listed by the N. C. Wildlife Resources
Commission as an Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern species,
but which exists in the state ( or recently occurred in the state) in small
numbers and has been determined by the N. C. Natural Heritage Program
to need monitoring. ( This is a N. C. Natural Heritage Program
designation.) Significantly Rare species include " peripheral" species,
whereby North Carolina lies at the periphery of the species' range ( such
as Hermit Thrush), as well as species of historical occurrence with
some likelihood of re- discovery in the state. Species considered
extirpated in the state, with little likelihood of re- discovery, are given no
N. C. Status ( unless already listed by the N. C. Wildlife Resources
Commission as E, T, or SC).
W Watch List Any other species believed to be rare and of conservation concern in the
state but not warranting active monitoring at this time ( see the Watch List
section for a more complete discussion). ( This is a N. C. Natural Heritage
Program designation.)
G ------ Species is a game animal or a furbearer, and therefore ( by law) cannot be
listed for State protection as E, T, or SC.
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United States Status. This status is designated by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Federally listed
Endangered and Threatened species are protected under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended through the 100th Congress. Unless otherwise noted, definitions are taken from the
Federal Register, Vol. 56, No. 225, November 21, 1991 ( 50 CFR Part 17).
STATUS
CODE
STATUS DEFINITION
E Endangered A taxon " which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant
portion of its range" ( Endangered Species Act, Section 3).
T Threatened A taxon " which is likely to become an endangered species within the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range"
( Endangered Species Act, Section 3).
C Candidate " Taxa for which the [ Fish and Wildlife] Service has on file enough
substantial information on biological vulnerability and threat( s) to support
proposals to list them as endangered or threatened. Proposed rules have
not yet been issued because this action is precluded at present by other
listing activity. Development and publication of proposed rules on these
taxa are anticipated. The Service encourages State and other Federal
agencies as well as other affected parties to give consideration to these
taxa in environmental planning.” ( Federal Register, February 28, 1996).
Taxa formerly considered as ‘ Category 1' are now considered as
‘ Candidate’.
FSC ( Federal) Species
of Concern
[ also known as
Species at Risk]
"... the Service is discontinuing the designation of Category 2 species as
candidates in this notice. The Service remains concerned about these
species, but further biological research and field study are needed to
resolve the conservation status of these taxa. Many species of concern
will be found not to warrant listing, either because they are not threatened
or endangered or because they do not qualify as species under the
definition in the [ Endangered Species] Act. Others may be found to be in
greater danger of extinction than some present candidate taxa. The
Service is working with the States and other private and public interests to
assess their need for protection under the Act. Such species are the pool
from which future candidates for listing will be drawn.” ( Federal
Register, February 28, 1996). The Service suggests that such taxa be
considered as “ Species of Concern” or “ Species at Risk”, neither of which
has official status. The N. C. Natural Heritage Program uses “( Federal)
Species of Concern” in this document for those taxa formerly considered
as Category 2.
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STATUS
CODE
STATUS DEFINITION
P_ Proposed Species proposed in the Federal Register as a status different from its
current Federal status.
T ( S/ A) Threatened due
to Similarity of
Appearance
“ Section 4 ( e) of the [ Endangered Species] Act authorizes the treatment of
a species ( subspecies or population segment) as endangered or threatened
even though it is not otherwise listed as endangered or threatened if -- ( a)
the species so closely resembles in appearance an endangered or
threatened species that enforcement personnel would have substantial
difficulty in differentiating between the listed and unlisted species; ( b) the
effect of this substantial difficulty is an additional threat to an endangered
or threatened species; and ( c) such treatment of an unlisted species will
substantially facilitate the enforcement and further the policy of the Act.”
( Federal Register, November 4, 1997). [ The American Alligator is listed
as T ( S/ A) due to Similarity of Appearance with other rare crocodilians,
and the southern population of the Bog Turtle is listed as T ( S/ A) due to
Similarity of Appearance with the northern population of the Bog Turtle
( which is federally listed as Threatened and which does not occur in North
Carolina).]
XN Nonessential
Experimental
Population
“ Section 10 ( j) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended,
provides for the designation of introduced populations of federally listed
species as nonessential experimental. This designation allows for greater
flexibility in the management of these populations by local, state, and
Federal agencies. Specifically, the requirement for Federal agencies to
avoid jeopardizing these populations by their actions is eliminated and
allowances for taking the species are broadened.” ( U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1995).
D De- listed Species has been proposed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for
de- listing from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife.
However, at the present time, the species is still on the List of Endangered
and Threatened Wildlife and is thus protected under the Endangered
Species Act. Because such species still have legal Federal protection, the
NHP will maintain existing records on the species, though new records
might not necessarily be added. If the status becomes law prior to the next
publication of the NHP Rare Animal List, the Program will remove the
Federal designation from its database ( and thus the species will no longer
appear on printouts of Federally listed species). NHP may or may not
continue to track the species, depending on its legal State status and other
factors such as overall abundance and range in the state.
12
North Carolina Rank. Natural Heritage Programs and NatureServe have developed a consistent method
for evaluating the relative imperilment of both species and ecological communities. These assessments
lead to the designation of a conservation status rank. For plant and animal species these ranks provide an
estimate of extinction risk. This information has been developed over the past 30 years by the NC Natural
Heritage Program, NatureServe, and a large number of collaborators in government agencies, universities,
natural history museums and botanical gardens, and other conservation organizations. This information
has been developed primarily to help in guiding conservation and informing environmental planning and
management. Conservation status ranks are based on a one to five scale, ranging from critically imperiled
( S1) to demonstrably secure ( S5). These status assessments are based on the best available information,
considering a variety of factors such as abundance, distribution, population trends, and threats. State
ranks are assigned by biologists within each Natural Heritage Program.
RANK NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS
DESCRIPTION
S1 1- 5 Critically imperiled - Critically imperiled in North Carolina due to
extreme rarity or some factor( s) making it especially vulnerable to
extirpation ( local extinction) from the state. Typically 5 or fewer
occurrences or very few remaining individuals (< 1,000).
S2 6- 20 Imperiled - Imperiled in North Carolina due to rarity or some factor( s)
making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state. Typically 6 to 20
occurrences or few remaining individuals ( 1,000 to 3,000).
S3 21- 100 Vulnerable - Vulnerable to extinction in North Carolina either because
rare or uncommon, or found only in a restricted range ( even if abundant
at some locations), or due to other factors making it vulnerable to
extirpation. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and
10,000 individuals.
S4 100- 1000 Apparently secure - Apparently secure and widespread in North Carolina,
usually with more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000
individuals.
S5 1000+ Secure - Common, widespread, and abundant in North Carolina.
Essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Typically with
considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000
individuals.
SH 0? Historical - Of historical occurrence in North Carolina, with some
expectation that it may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been
verified in the past 20 years. Upon verification of an extant occurrence,
SH- ranked elements would typically receive an S1 rank. Note: an
element is not automatically assigned an SH ( or SX) rank if it has not
been verified in the past 20 years; some effort must have been made to
locate or relocate occurrences.
13
RANK
SX
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS
0
DESCRIPTION
Presumed extirpated -- Believed to be extirpated in North Carolina. Has
not been located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other
appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be
rediscovered.
SU Unknown Unrankable - Currently unrankable in North Carolina due to lack of
information or substantially conflicting information about status or
trends. Need more information.
SNR Unknown Not Ranked - Rank in NC not yet assessed.
SNA N/ A Not Applicable - A conservation status rank is not applicable because the
element is not a suitable target for conservation for one of the following
reasons:
- Hybrid - an interspecific hybrid without conservation value;
- Exotic Origin - not native to North Carolina;
- Accidental/ nonregular - outside usual range and not regularly found in
North Carolina;
- Not confidently present - never documented as present in North
Carolina;
- Synonym - the taxon is not recognized by the NC Natural Heritage
Program.
_ B
_ N
-?
1-?
1-?
---
Rank of the breeding population in the state. Used for migratory species
only.
Rank of the non- breeding population in the state. Used for migratory
species only.
Uncertain - Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank.
A rank involving two numbers indicates a range of uncertainty about the conservation rank in North
Carolina. For example, a S2S3 rank indicates that the species may be a S2 or a S3, but existing data do
not allow that determination to be made.
14
Global Rank. Global ranks are assigned by NatureServe ( formerly the science branch of The Nature
Conservancy) staff biologists and contract biologists, based on a consensus of scientific experts, the
individual natural heritage programs, and the Natural Heritage Network. They apply to the status of a
species throughout its range. This system is widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the best
available scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity throughout its range.
RANK NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS
DESCRIPTION
G1 1- 5 Critically imperiled - Critically imperiled globally because of
extreme rarity or because of some factor( s) making it especially
vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very
few remaining individuals (< 1,000) or acres (< 2,000) or linear miles
(< 10).
G2 6- 20 Imperiled - Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of some
factor( s) making it very vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20
occurrences or few remaining individuals ( 1,000 to 3,000) or acres
( 2,000 to 10,000) or linear miles ( 10 to 50).
G3 21- 100 Vulnerable - Vulnerable globally either because very rare
throughout its range, found only in a restricted range ( even if
abundant at some locations), or because of other factors making it
vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or
between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals.
G4 100- 1000 Apparently Secure - Uncommon but not rare ( although it may be
rare in parts of its range, particularly on the periphery) and usually
widespread. Apparently not vulnerable in most of its range, but
possibly cause for long- term concern. Typically more than 100
occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.
G5 1000+ Secure - Common, widespread, and abundant ( although it may be
rare in parts of its range, particularly on the periphery). Not
vulnerable in most of its range. Typically with considerably more
than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.
GH 0? Historical - Known from only historical occurrences, but with some
expectation that it may be rediscovered. May still be extant; further
searching is needed.
GX 0 Presumed Extinct - Believed to be extinct throughout its range ( e. g.,
Passenger Pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be
rediscovered. Not located despite intensive searches of historical
sites and other appropriate habitat.
GU Unknown Unrankable - Currently unrankable due to lack of information or
due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends;
need more information.
15
RANK
GNR
NUMBER OF
EXTANT
POPULATIONS
Unknown
DESCRIPTION
Not Ranked - Global rank not yet assessed.
T_
–
The rank of a subspecies or variety. As an example, G4T1 would
apply to a subspecies of a species with an overall rank of G4, but
the subspecies warranting a rank of G1.
-? – Uncertain - Denotes inexact or uncertain numeric rank.
Q – Questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority.
Distinctiveness of this entity as a taxon at the current level is
questionable. Resolution of this uncertainty may result in change
from a species to a subspecies or inclusion of this taxon in another
taxon, with the resulting Element having a lower- priority
conservation status rank.
A rank involving two numbers indicates uncertainty of rank. For example, a G2G3 rank indicates that the
species may be a G2 or a G3, but that existing data do not allow that determination to be made.
Physiographic Province/ Region. The provinces/ regions in which the species is known to occur are
indicated. This should not be regarded as the only province( s) or region( s) of the state in which the
species could occur; our knowledge of the fauna of North Carolina is still very imperfect. The provinces
are abbreviated as follows:
M Mountains ( Blue Ridge) All parts of North Carolina west of the foot of the Blue Ridge
Escarpment.
P Piedmont All parts of North Carolina east of the foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment
and west of the Fall Line, including outlying " foothill" ranges, such as the
Brushy, Uwharrie, Sauratown, and South mountains.
S Sandhills The southwestern portion of the Coastal Plain province consisting mostly
of deep aeolian sands of the Middendorf and Pinehurst formation
( portions of Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Richmond,
Scotland, and Montgomery counties). The Sandhills are actually part of
the Coastal Plain but are here distinguished because of their distinctive
geomorphology and vegetation.
C Coastal Plain All parts of North Carolina east of the Fall Line, but excluding the
Sandhills region and those portions associated with tidal water ( ocean,
sounds, barrier islands, and mainland brackish or salt marshes).
T Tidewater That part of the state associated with tidal water, such as the ocean and
barrier islands, sounds, estuaries and mainland brackish or salt marshes.
16
Habitat. The known habitats are described; as with provinces, these should not be regarded as the only
possible habitats of the species in the state.
Counties of known occurrence. Following the description of habitats is a listing of the known counties of
occurrence in the N. C. Natural Heritage Program database.
* All recorded occurrences in the county are either extirpated, have not been found in
recent surveys, or have not been surveyed recently enough to be confident they are still
present. Un- surveyed occurrences are regarded as historical after 20- 40 years, the
number depending on the species and the amount of alteration in the area. An asterisk
should not be regarded as a definitive statement that the species is gone from the county,
but indicates that there is reason to doubt its continued existence.
+ Counties with obscure or undatable records are marked with a plus (+).
? If there is some question as to the validity of the county report, it is marked with a
question mark (?).
For most vertebrate species, this listing of counties is complete or reasonably complete. However, for
some invertebrates, and a few vertebrates ( generally those newly added to the Rare List), there is no
listing of counties, as records have yet to be added to the database. Where county names appear in
brackets, records from these counties have not yet been added to the database. Records taken from dot
maps in atlases are among the types of data for which a year of last observation cannot be assigned, and
thus they appear in this list with a plus (+).
The zoological exploration of North Carolina is far from complete, and many additional county records
will be found, generally ( but not always) in proximity to counties listed. Visit the Natural Heritage
Program website for the most up- to- date county occurrence information: www. ncnhp. org.
17
STATUS OF ANIMAL TAXA ON NHP RARE ANIMAL LIST
( as of November, 2010)
For names and definitions of statuses, see pages 8- 11. Numbers in the table indicate number of taxa –
generally species – for each group and status. Because many taxa have both an N. C. and a U. S. status,
totals cannot be added across a complete line.
Group
Total Number
of Species
( rounded to
nearest five)
N. C. Status U. S. Status
E T SC SR E T FSC
Mammals
120 6 2 13 5 7 0 9
Birds
470 5 4 23 22 4 1 14
Reptiles
70 5 4 11 8 3 4 4
Amphibians
90 1 4 12 18 0 0 7
Freshwater
Fishes
245 11 16 28 23 3 2 28
(+ 2 C)
Freshwater
Bivalves
85 20 9 6 10 9 0 12
Freshwater and
Terrestrial
Gastropods
250+ 4 10 24 23 0 1 10
Arachnids
? 0 0 0 13 1 0 2
Crustaceans
[ Crayfishes]
? [ 45] 1 [ 0] 0 [ 0] 11 [ 8] 13 [ 12] 0 0 10
Mayflies
? 0 0 0 25 0 0 1
18
Group
Total Number
of Species
( rounded to
nearest five)
N. C. Status U. S. Status
E T SC SR E T FSC
Stoneflies
? 0 0 0 22 0 0 0
Caddisflies
? 0 0 0 37 0 0 0
Dragonflies and
Damselflies
190 0 0 0 36 0 0 8
Flies
? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Moths
? 0 0 0 99 0 0 4
Butterflies
175 0 0 0 39 1 0 8
Grasshoppers
and
Katydids
? 0 0 0 17 0 0 0
Beetles
? 0 0 0 5 1 0 1
True Bugs
? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Totals
? 53 49 128 417 29 8 118
(+ 2 C)
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL RARE LIST
Mammals
Canis rufus Red Wolf SR E, XN S1 G1Q
CM: swamps, pocosins, extensive forests ( Beaufort, Dare, Hyde,
Tyrrell, Washington)
Cervus canadensis Elk SC S1 G5
M: mid- to high elevation meadows, grass balds ( released in Great
Smoky Mountains NP) ( Haywood)
Condylura cristata pop. 1 Star- nosed Mole - Coastal SC S2 G5T2Q
Plain population
SC: moist meadows, bogs, swamps, bottomlands [ mountain
population not of concern] ( Beaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick,
Columbus, Currituck*, Dare, Hoke, Hyde*, Mecklenburg*,
Moore, New Hanover*, Pender, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond,
Robeson*, Sampson, Scotland, Wake, Washington*)
Corynorhinus rafinesquii macrotis Rafinesque's Big- eared Bat - SC S3 G3G4TNR
Coastal Plain subspecies
FSC
CS: roosts in hollow trees, old buildings, and beneath bridges,
usually near water ( Beaufort*, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick,
Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Dare, Duplin, Gates, Hertford+,
Hoke, Johnston, Martin, Nash+, New Hanover+, Northampton,
Pender, Perquimans, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Tyrrell,
Washington, Wayne*)
Corynorhinus rafinesquii G3G4TNR
rafinesquii
Rafinesque's Big- eared Bat - T S2
Mountain subspecies
FSC
M: roosts in caves, mines, and hollow trees, usually near water
( Alexander*, Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee*, Graham, Haywood,
Macon, Madison*, Swain, Transylvania*)
Corynorhinus townsendii G4T2
virginianus
Virginia Big- eared Bat E E S1
M: roosts in caves ( and rarely in mines), especially in limestone
areas ( Avery, Watauga, Yancey)
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Carolina Northern Flying E S2 G5T2
Squirrel
E
M: high elevation forests, mainly spruce- fir ( Avery, Buncombe,
Caldwell, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell,
Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Lasiurus intermedius Northern Yellow Bat SC S1 G4G5
CP: roosts in Spanish moss and other thick vegetation near water,
often in longleaf pine habitats ( Brunswick, Mecklenburg, New
Hanover)
Microtus chrotorrhinus G4T3
carolinensis
Southern Rock Vole SC FSC S3?
M: rocky areas at high elevations, forests or fields ( Avery,
Haywood, Jackson*, Macon, McDowell*, Swain, Yancey)
19
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Mustela nivalis Least Weasel SR- G S2 G5
M: fields and forests, mostly at high elevations ( Avery, Buncombe,
Haywood, Henderson, Jackson+, Madison*, Mitchell*, Watauga,
Yancey*)
Myotis austroriparius Southeastern Myotis SC FSC S2 G3G4
CP: roosts in buildings, hollow trees; forages near water ( Bertie,
Bladen, Chowan+, Clay, Columbus, Craven, Gates, Halifax, Hoke,
Johnston, Martin, Moore, New Hanover, Pender, Richmond,
Robeson, Scotland, Wake*)
Myotis grisescens Gray Myotis E E S1 G3
M: roosts in caves; forages mainly over open water ( Buncombe,
Haywood, Swain)
Myotis leibii Eastern Small- footed Myotis SC FSC S3 G3
M: roosts in hollow trees ( warmer months), in caves and mines
( winter) ( Alleghany, Avery, Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay,
Davidson, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
Rutherford, Swain, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey)
Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis E E S1S2 G2
M: roosts in hollow trees or under loose bark ( warmer months), in
caves ( winter) ( Cherokee, Graham, Haywood, Henderson*,
Jackson*, Mitchell*, Rutherford*, Swain)
Neotoma floridana floridana Eastern Woodrat - Coastal T S1 G5T5
Plain population
C: forests, mainly in moist areas ( Brunswick*, Carteret*, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Neotoma magister Appalachian Woodrat SC FSC S2S3 G3G4
MP: rocky places and abandoned buildings in deciduous or mixed
forests in the northern mountains and adjacent Piedmont ( Ashe,
Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Iredell, McDowell, Mitchell*,
Watauga, Yancey)
Peromyscus leucopus buxtoni Buxton Woods White- footed SC S2 G5T2
Mouse
FSC
T: maritime forests in Cape Hatteras vicinity ( endemic to this area)
( Dare)
Peromyscus leucopus easti Pungo White- footed Mouse SC S1 G5T1
T: dunes and maritime thickets along coast south to Corolla
( Currituck)
Peromyscus polionotus Oldfield Mouse SC S2 G5
P: sandy, fallow fields near South Carolina line ( Cleveland,
Rutherford)
Sciurus niger Eastern Fox Squirrel SR- G S3 G5
SCMP: open forests, mainly longleaf pine/ scrub oak ( Alleghany,
Anson, Ashe, Avery*, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick,
Buncombe*, Cherokee*, Clay*, Columbus, Cumberland,
Edgecombe, Graham*, Halifax, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston, Macon*,
Martin, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Richmond,
Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Swain*, Wake, Washington,
Watauga, Wayne, Wilkes)
20
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Sorex dispar Long- tailed Shrew SC S3 G4
M: high elevation forests with talus or rocky slopes ( Avery,
Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S3 G5T3
M: stream banks in montane forests ( Avery, Buncombe, Clay,
Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swain, Watauga+)
Sorex sp. 1 an undescribed shrew SR S2 G2Q
C: early succession fields, possibly low pocosins ( endemic to
eastern North Carolina) ( Dare, Hyde)
Spilogale putorius Eastern Spotted Skunk SR- G S3 G5
M: open forests with rocks, cliffs, and other den sites ( records not
yet entered)
Sylvilagus obscurus Appalachian Cottontail SR- G FSC S3 G4
M: dense cover of montane woods and thickets ( Alleghany, Ashe,
Avery, Caldwell, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Macon, Mitchell,
Swain, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey)
Synaptomys cooperi helaletes Dismal Swamp Southern Bog SR S3 G5T3
Lemming
C: low pocosins, early succession wetlands [ Beaufort, Carteret,
Craven, Gates, Jones, Pasquotank, Perquimans] ( records not yet
entered)
Trichechus manatus West Indian Manatee E E S1N G2
T: warm waters of estuaries and river mouths ( Beaufort,
Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender, Pitt)
21
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Birds
Accipiter striatus Sharp- shinned Hawk SR S2B, S4N G5
MPS: forests and woodlands ( for nesting) [ breeding evidence only]
( Avery, Mitchell+, Orange, Watauga, Yancey)
Aegolius acadicus pop. 1 Southern Appalachian T S2B, S2N G5TNR
Northern Saw- whet Owl
FSC
M: spruce- fir forests or mixed hardwood/ spruce forests ( for
nesting) [ breeding season only] ( Avery, Buncombe, Graham,
Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Ammodramus henslowii susurrans Eastern Henslow's Sparrow SC FSC S2B, S1N G4TU
C: clearcut pocosins and other damp weedy fields [ breeding
season only] ( Beaufort, Bertie, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus,
Edgecombe, Gates, Martin, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Wilson)
Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern SR S1B, S3N G4
CT: fresh or brackish marshes [ breeding season only] ( Beaufort,
Carteret, Hyde, Pamlico)
Catharus guttatus Hermit Thrush SR S2B, S5N G5
M: spruce- fir forests ( for nesting) [ breeding season only] ( Avery,
Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania,
Watauga, Yancey)
Certhia americana Brown Creeper SC S3B, S5N G5
M: high elevation forests, favoring spruce- fir mixed with
hardwoods [ breeding season only] ( Avery, Buncombe, Burke,
Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Mitchell, Swain,
Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)
Charadrius melodus Piping Plover T T S2B, S2N G3
T: ocean beaches and island- end flats [ breeding evidence only]
( Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover*,
Onslow, Pender)
Charadrius wilsonia Wilson's Plover SC S3B G5
T: beaches, island- end flats, estuarine islands [ breeding evidence
only] ( Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pender)
Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow SR S1B G5
S: barren, sandy fields with scattered saplings in the sandhills
region [ breeding season only] ( Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond,
Scotland)
Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier SR S1B, S4N G5
T: extensive brackish marshes ( for nesting) [ breeding evidence
only] ( Carteret, Dare, Hyde)
Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black- billed Cuckoo SR S2B G5
M: deciduous forests, mainly at higher elevations [ breeding season
and habitat only] ( Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell,
Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell+,
Transylvania, Watauga)
22
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Columbina passerina Common Ground- Dove SR SHB G5
T: dunes, sandy fields, margins of maritime woods and thickets
[ breeding season only] ( Brunswick, New Hanover, Pender)
Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler SC FSC S2B G4
MC: mature hardwood forests; steep slopes and coves in
mountains, natural levees in Coastal Plain [ breeding season only]
( Bertie, Buncombe, Caldwell, Clay, Graham, Halifax, Haywood,
Johnston, Macon, Madison, Martin, McDowell, Northampton,
Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey)
Dendroica coronata Yellow- rumped Warbler SR S1B, S5N G5
M: spruce- fir forests, especially in immature stands [ breeding
season only] ( Haywood, Mitchell, Swain)
Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler SR S2B G5
M: spruce- fir forests, especially in immature stands [ breeding
season only] ( Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson,
McDowell, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
Dendroica virens waynei Black- throated Green SR S2S3B G5TU
Warbler - Coastal Plain
population
FSC
C: nonriverine wetland forests, especially where white cedar or
cypress are mixed with hardwoods [ breeding season only]
( Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Craven,
Cumberland, Dare, Gates, Hyde, Jones, Pamlico, Tyrrell,
Washington)
Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink SR S1B G5
M: meadows and other grasslands [ breeding season only] ( Ashe,
Haywood, Henderson, Transylvania, Watauga)
Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron SC S3B, S3N G5
T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [ breeding sites only]
( Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare,
Hyde, Jones, New Hanover, Robeson)
Egretta thula Snowy Egret SC S3B, S3N G5
T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [ breeding sites only]
( Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New
Hanover, Robeson)
Egretta tricolor Tricolored Heron SC S3B, S3N G5
T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [ breeding sites only]
( Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover)
Empidonax alnorum Alder Flycatcher SR S2B G5
M: high elevation shrub/ sapling thickets [ breeding season only]
( Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson,
Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon E S1B, S2N G4
MT: cliffs ( for nesting); coastal ponds and mudflats ( for foraging
in winter) [ nesting evidence; regular wintering sites] ( Avery,
Brunswick, Buncombe, Burke, Carteret, Dare, Haywood, Hyde,
Jackson, Madison, McDowell, Rutherford, Stokes*, Surry,
Transylvania, Wilkes*, Yancey)
23
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Gelochelidon nilotica Gull- billed Tern T S2B G5
T: sand flats on maritime islands [ breeding sites only] ( Brunswick,
Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Onslow*)
Haematopus palliatus American Oystercatcher SC S3B, S4N G5
T: estuaries, oyster beds, mudflats [ breeding evidence only]
( Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T S3B, S3N G5
PCTM: mature forests near large bodies of water ( for nesting);
lakes and sounds [ nesting sites; regular non- breeding sites]
( Alexander, Anson, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Burke,
Camden*, Carteret*, Catawba, Chatham, Cherokee, Chowan,
Columbus, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Davidson, Durham,
Edgecombe, Franklin, Gaston, Gates, Graham, Granville,
Guilford, Halifax, Harnett*, Haywood, Hyde, Johnston, Jones,
Lee*, Lenoir, Martin, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Nash, New
Hanover, Northampton, Onslow, Orange, Pamlico, Pasquotank,
Pender, Perquimans, Pitt, Richmond, Rowan, Stanly, Surry, Swain,
Tyrrell, Vance, Wake, Warren, Washington, Wayne*, Yadkin)
Himantopus mexicanus Black- necked Stilt SR S2B G5
T: fresh or brackish ponds and impoundments [ breeding sites only]
( Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Onslow, Pamlico)
Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern SR S1B, S2N G5
T: sand flats on maritime islands [ breeding sites only] ( Dare,
Hyde*)
Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern SC S3B G5
TCP: fresh or brackish marshes [ breeding season only] ( Beaufort,
Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Moore*,
New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pender, Tyrrell*, Washington,
Wayne)
Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike SC S3B, S3N G4
PSC: fields and pastures [ breeding season only] ( Alamance,
Alleghany, Anson, Bladen, Brunswick, Cabarrus, Caswell,
Chatham, Cleveland, Columbus, Cumberland, Davidson, Davie,
Duplin, Edgecombe, Forsyth, Franklin, Guilford, Halifax, Harnett,
Hoke, Iredell, Johnston, Jones, Lee, Lenoir, Mecklenburg,
Montgomery, Moore, Nash, New Hanover, Pitt, Richmond,
Robeson, Rockingham, Rutherford, Sampson, Scotland, Stanly,
Transylvania, Union, Vance, Wake, Wayne, Wilson)
Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail SC FSC S3B, S2N G4
TCP: brackish marshes, rarely fresh marshes [ breeding season
only] ( Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover,
Onslow, Pamlico)
Loxia curvirostra pop. 1 Southern Appalachian Red SC S3B, S3N G5TNR
Crossbill
FSC
M: coniferous forests, preferably spruce- fir [ breeding season only]
( Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell,
Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey)
24
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Mycteria americana Wood Stork E E S1B, S1N G4
CT: swamps, fresh or brackish ponds ( for foraging) [ breeding sites
and regular non- breeding sites] ( Brunswick, Columbus, Sampson)
Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah Sparrow SR S2B, S5N G5
M: grassy fields and pastures [ breeding season only] ( Alleghany,
Ashe, Watauga)
Passerina ciris ciris Eastern Painted Bunting SC FSC S3B G5T3T4
T: maritime shrub thickets and forest edges [ breeding season only]
( Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Pelecanus occidentalis Brown Pelican SR S3B, S4N G4
T: maritime islands [ breeding sites only] ( Brunswick, Carteret,
Dare, Hyde, New Hanover)
Peucaea aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B, S2N G3
CSP: open longleaf pine forests, old fields [ breeding season only]
( Bladen, Brunswick, Buncombe*, Carteret, Chatham, Columbus,
Craven, Cumberland, Halifax*, Harnett, Hoke, Jones, Macon*,
Moore, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Sampson,
Scotland, Wake*, Warren)
Phalacrocorax auritus Double- crested Cormorant SR S1B, S5N G5
CP: lakes with scattered trees for nesting [ breeding sites only]
( Chatham, Craven)
Picoides borealis Red- cockaded Woodpecker E E S2 G3
CSP: mature open pine forests, mainly in longleaf pine [ breeding
evidence only] ( Anson*, Beaufort, Bertie*, Bladen, Brunswick,
Camden, Carteret, Chatham*, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland,
Currituck*, Dare, Duplin*, Durham*, Edgecombe*, Forsyth*,
Gates, Greene*, Halifax*, Harnett, Hertford, Hoke, Hyde,
Johnston, Jones, Lee*, Lenoir*, Montgomery, Moore, Nash*, New
Hanover, Northampton*, Onslow, Orange*, Pamlico*, Pender,
Pitt*, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Tyrrell, Wake*,
Washington, Wayne, Wilson*)
Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis SC S2B G5
T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [ breeding sites only]
( Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover)
Poecile atricapillus practica Southern Appalachian Black- SC S3 G5TNR
capped Chickadee
FSC
M: high elevation forests, mainly spruce- fir [ breeding season only]
( Avery, Buncombe*, Haywood, Jackson, Swain, Transylvania,
Yancey*)
Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow SC S2B, S2N G5
M: high elevation pastures and grassy fields [ breeding season only]
[ Alleghany] ( Ashe, Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Watauga)
Porphyrio martinica Purple Gallinule SR S1? B G5
C: freshwater ponds with floating vegetation [ breeding sites only]
( Brunswick, Onslow*, Robeson)
Riparia riparia Bank Swallow SR S1B G5
MP: high, vertical banks for nesting [ breeding sites only] ( Avery,
Wilkes*)
25
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Rynchops niger Black Skimmer SC S3B, S3N G5
T: sand flats on maritime islands [ breeding sites only] ( Brunswick,
Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern E E SHB G4
T: sand flats on maritime islands [ breeding evidence only]
( Carteret, Dare)
Sterna hirundo Common Tern SC S3B G5
T: sand flats on maritime islands [ breeding sites only] ( Carteret,
Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Sternula antillarum Least Tern SC S3B G4
T: beaches, sand flats, open dunes [ breeding sites only]
( Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Thryomanes bewickii altus Appalachian Bewick's Wren E FSC SHB G5T2Q
M: woodland borders or openings, farmlands or brushy fields, at
high elevations [ breeding season only] ( Ashe*, Avery*,
Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania*)
Tyto alba Barn Owl SR S3B, S3N G5
MPCT: extensive open country, nesting in old buildings, silos,
large tree cavities [ breeding season only] ( records not yet entered)
Vermivora chrysoptera Golden- winged Warbler SC FSC S3B G4
M: old fields and successional hardwoods [ breeding season only]
[ most mountain counties] ( Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Graham,
Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Watauga)
Vermivora cyanoptera Blue- winged Warbler SR S2B G5
M: low elevation brushy fields and thickets [ breeding season only]
( Alleghany, Ashe, Buncombe, Cherokee, Graham, Macon)
Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo SR S2B G5
MP: groves of hardwoods along rivers and streams [ breeding
season only] ( Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Bertie, Buncombe,
Caldwell, Cleveland, Halifax, Henderson, Macon*, Orange,
Watauga)
26
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Reptiles
Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T( S/ A) S3 G5
CT: fresh to slightly brackish lakes, ponds, rivers, and marshes
( Beaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Columbus,
Craven, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Duplin, Gates, Hoke, Hyde,
Jones, Lenoir*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pender, Pitt*,
Robeson, Sampson+, Scotland, Tyrrell, Washington)
Apalone spinifera spinifera Eastern Spiny Softshell SC S1 G5T5
M: large streams in the French Broad system ( Buncombe*,
Madison)
Caretta caretta Loggerhead Seaturtle T T S3B, S3N G3
T: nests on beaches; forages in ocean and sounds ( Brunswick,
Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Chelonia mydas Green Seaturtle T T S1B, SUN G3
T: nests on beaches; forages in ocean and sounds ( Brunswick,
Carteret, Dare, Hyde+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)
Crotalus adamanteus Eastern Diamondback E S1 G4
Rattlesnake
C: pine flatwoods, savannas, pine- oak sandhills ( Bladen,
Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven+, Cumberland*, Duplin+,
Jones*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson*, Sampson*)
Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4
CMP: wetland forests in the Coastal Plain; rocky, upland forests
elsewhere [ NHP likely will soon track only den/ hibernacula sites
and selected isolated populations] ( Alexander, Alleghany, Anson+,
Ashe, Avery+, Beaufort+, Bertie+, Bladen, Brunswick+,
Buncombe, Burke, Cabarrus, Camden+, Carteret, Catawba+,
Cherokee+, Chowan+, Clay*, Cleveland+, Columbus+, Craven+,
Cumberland+, Currituck+, Dare+, Davidson, Duplin+, Durham+,
Gaston, Graham*, Granville, Haywood+, Henderson, Hoke+,
Hyde+, Jackson, Jones+, Lenoir+, Lincoln+, Macon, Madison+,
McDowell, Mecklenburg, Mitchell*, Montgomery+, Moore+, New
Hanover, Onslow+, Pamlico+, Pasquotank+, Pender,
Perquimans+, Pitt+, Polk, Randolph, Richmond+, Robeson+,
Rutherford, Sampson+, Scotland, Stanly, Stokes, Surry, Swain*,
Transylvania, Tyrrell+, Union+, Washington+, Watauga, Wayne+,
Wilkes, Yadkin, Yancey+)
Deirochelys reticularia Chicken Turtle SR S3 G5
SC: quiet waters of ponds, ditches, and sluggish streams ( Bladen,
Brunswick, Carteret+, Columbus, Craven+, Cumberland, Dare,
Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, Sampson,
Scotland, Wayne+)
Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Seaturtle E E S1B, SUN G2
T: oceans, rarely in sounds ( Brunswick, Carteret, Craven,
Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow)
Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Seaturtle E E SUN G3
T: oceans, very rarely in sounds ( Carteret+, Dare)
27
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Eumeces anthracinus Coal Skink SR S2S3 G5
M: rocky slopes, wooded hillsides, roadbanks ( Avery,
Buncombe*, Caldwell, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Henderson*,
Jackson, Macon, Polk, Rutherford, Swain*, Transylvania, Wilkes)
Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle T T( S/ A) S2 G3
MP: bogs, wet pastures, wet thickets ( Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe,
Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Cherokee, Clay, Forsyth,
Gaston, Graham, Henderson, Iredell, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell,
Surry, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey)
Graptemys geographica Common Map Turtle SR S1 G5
M: rivers in the Hiwassee system ( Cherokee)
Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2
SC: sandy woods, particularly pine- oak sandhills ( Bladen,
Brunswick, Carteret*, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin, Edgecombe,
Hoke, Jones, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt,
Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wake+, Wayne)
Lampropeltis getula sticticeps Outer Banks Kingsnake SC S2 G5T2Q
T: maritime forests, thickets, and grasslands on the Outer Banks
( endemic to North Carolina) ( Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde)
Lepidochelys kempii Kemp's Ridley Seaturtle E E S1B, SUN G1
T: ocean and sounds ( Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde,
Pamlico)
Malaclemys terrapin Diamondback Terrapin SC FSC, in S3 G4
part
T: salt or brackish marshes, estuaries [ NHP previously tracked
records at the subspecies level; as there is uncertainty about
identity of turtles in NC at the subspecies level, and as it is listed
as State Special Concern by WRC only at the species level, NHP
is now tracking only at the species level. NOTE: The northern
subspecies ( essentially Dare County) -- M. t. terrapin -- has a U. S.
status of FSC; the southern subspecies ( essentially the southern
half of the coast) -- M. t. centrata -- has no U. S. status.]
( Beaufort+, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde+, New Hanover,
Onslow, Pamlico, Pender)
Masticophis flagellum Coachwhip SR S3 G5
SCTP: dry and sandy woods, mainly in pine/ oak sandhills ( Anson,
Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret+, Cumberland, Hoke+, Lenoir+,
Montgomery, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow+, Pender,
Richmond, Sampson, Scotland, Stanly, Union+, Wayne+)
Micrurus fulvius Eastern Coral Snake E S1 G5
CS: pine- oak sandhills, sandy flatwoods, maritime forests ( Bladen,
Brunswick, Cumberland, Harnett+, Hoke*, Moore+, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Scotland+)
Nerodia sipedon williamengelsi Carolina Watersnake SC S3 G5T3
T: salt or brackish marshes ( endemic to North Carolina) ( Beaufort,
Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Pamlico)
28
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Ophisaurus attenuatus Slender Glass Lizard SR S2S3 G5
CPSM: old fields, wooded edges, open woods ( records not yet
entered)
Ophisaurus mimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC FSC S2? G3
C: pine flatwoods, savannas, pine/ oak sandhills ( Bladen,
Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, New Hanover*, Onslow,
Sampson)
Pituophis melanoleucus G4T4
melanoleucus
Northern Pine Snake SC FSC S3
SCM: dry and sandy woods, mainly in pine/ oak sandhills
( Brunswick, Cherokee, Clay+, Cumberland, Graham*, Harnett,
Hoke, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Richmond,
Rutherford+, Scotland, Swain*)
Regina rigida Glossy Crayfish Snake SR S2S3 G5
C: marshes, cypress ponds, other wetlands ( Bladen+, Brunswick,
Carteret+, Craven, Dare, Hoke, Hyde+, Jones+, New Hanover*,
Onslow+, Robeson, Tyrrell+)
Seminatrix pygaea Black Swamp Snake SR S2 G5
C: in lush vegetation of ponds, ditches, or sluggish streams
( Brunswick, Carteret+, Craven+, Dare, Hyde+, New Hanover,
Onslow+, Pender*, Tyrrell+)
Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC S3 G5
CSP: pine flatwoods, pine/ oak sandhills, other pine/ oak forests
( Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Cleveland*, Craven,
Cumberland, Gaston, Harnett+, Hoke, Hyde, Montgomery, Moore,
New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Richmond+, Sampson,
Scotland, Tyrrell)
Sternotherus minor Loggerhead Musk Turtle SC S1 G5
M: streams and rivers in Mississippi drainage ( Cherokee, Madison)
Trachemys scripta troostii Cumberland Slider SR S1 G5T4
M: rivers in French Broad drainage ( Madison)
29
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Amphibians
Ambystoma mabeei Mabee's Salamander SR S3 G4
CS: shallow ephemeral wetlands, such as Carolina bays, vernal
pools, and sinkholes [ Bertie, Carteret, Cumberland, Dare, Duplin,
Harnett, Perquimans, Pitt, Richmond] ( Bladen, Brunswick,
Columbus*, Hoke, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender*, Robeson,
Sampson, Scotland)
Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander SC S2 G5
MP: breeds in fish- free semipermanent woodland ponds; forages
in adjacent woodlands [ Davidson] ( Alleghany, Buncombe,
Cherokee, Granville, Guilford, Henderson, Macon, Montgomery,
Person, Polk, Richmond, Rockingham, Rowan, Stanly, Surry,
Union)
Ambystoma tigrinum Eastern Tiger Salamander T S2 G5
SC: breeds in fish- free semipermanent ponds; forages in adjacent
woods, usually sandy pinewoods ( Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond,
Robeson, Scotland, Wake)
Aneides aeneus Green Salamander E FSC S2 G3G4
M: damp, shaded crevices of cliffs or rock outcrops in deciduous
forests ( southern mountains) ( Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Polk,
Rutherford, Transylvania)
Bufo quercicus Oak Toad SR S3 G5
CS: pine flatwoods and savannas, pine sandhills where near water
( many records not yet entered; only partial list of counties are
named) ( Carteret, Cumberland, Dare, Onslow, Pender)
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4
M: large and clear fast- flowing streams ( Alleghany, Ashe, Avery,
Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Henderson,
Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania,
Watauga, Yancey)
Desmognathus aeneus Seepage Salamander SR FSC S3 G3G4
M: seeps, springs, or streams in forests in extreme southwestern
counties ( Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Macon, Swain)
Desmognathus folkertsi Dwarf Blackbelly Salamander SR S1 G2
M: small streams and seeps in forests ( Clay)
Desmognathus imitator pop. 1 Imitator Salamander - SR S1 G3G4T1Q
Waterrock Knob population
M: forests in the vicinity of Waterrock Knob ( endemic to this area)
( Haywood, Jackson)
Desmognathus organi Northern Pigmy Salamander SR FSC S2 G3
M: spruce- fir and other high elevation forests; northeast of the
French Broad River [ a newly described species, split from D.
wrighti] ( Ashe*, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, McDowell*,
Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
30
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Desmognathus santeetlah Santeetlah Dusky Salamander SR S2S3 G3G4Q
M: stream headwaters and seepage areas; southwestern mountains
( Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Swain)
Desmognathus wrighti Southern Pigmy Salamander SR FSC S2S3 G3G4
M: mid- to high elevation forests, often in spruce- fir; west of the
French Broad River [ records from northeast of this river now refer
to D. organi] ( Clay, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
Swain, Transylvania)
Eurycea junaluska Junaluska Salamander T FSC S2 G3
M: forests near seeps and streams in the Cheoah River system
[ records from Cherokee and Clay represent specimens of uncertain
taxonomy] ( Cherokee, Clay, Graham)
Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander SC S1S2 G5
M: moist woods and floodplains; small ponds for breeding
( Alleghany*, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Macon, Watauga)
Eurycea quadridigitata Dwarf Salamander SC S2 G5
C: pocosins, Carolina bays, pine flatwoods, savannas, and other
wetland habitats ( Bladen+, Columbus+, Hoke, Robeson, Scotland)
Hemidactylium scutatum Four- toed Salamander SC S3 G5
MPC: pools, bogs, and other wetlands in hardwood forests
( Alamance+, Avery, Bladen, Buncombe, Chatham, Cherokee,
Clay, Cumberland*, Duplin, Durham, Franklin, Gates, Graham,
Granville, Henderson, Macon, Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore,
Nash, Orange, Pender, Person, Polk+, Randolph, Rockingham,
Surry, Wake)
Hyla andersonii Pine Barrens Treefrog SR S3 G4
SC: pocosins, bay forests, boggy areas ( Bladen, Cumberland,
Harnett, Hoke, Johnston*, Jones, Lee*, Moore, Onslow,
Richmond, Sampson, Scotland, Wayne*)
Hyla versicolor Northern Gray Treefrog SR S2? G5
PM?: deciduous or mixed forests, often near water; near VA
border, but range uncertain in NC [ Davie, Iredell] ( Caswell,
Person, Warren)
Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC S3 G3
PC: rivers and large streams in Neuse and Tar drainages ( endemic
to North Carolina) ( Beaufort*, Craven*, Durham, Edgecombe,
Franklin, Granville*, Greene*, Halifax, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir,
Nash, Orange, Person*, Pitt, Vance*, Wake, Warren, Wayne,
Wilson*)
Necturus maculosus Common Mudpuppy SC S1 G5
M: rivers and large streams in New, French Broad, and Little
Tennessee drainages ( Alleghany, Ashe, Buncombe*, Henderson,
Macon, Madison, Transylvania*)
Plethodon amplus Blue Ridge Gray- cheeked SR S1S2 G1G2
Salamander
M: mesic forests in the Hickorynut Gorge vicinity ( endemic to this
area) ( Buncombe, Henderson, Rutherford)
31
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Plethodon aureolus Tellico Salamander SR S2? G2G3
M: forests in the Unicoi Mountains ( Cherokee, Graham)
Plethodon chattahoochee Chattahoochee Slimy SR S2? G2G3Q
Salamander
M: moist forests in the southwestern counties ( records not yet
entered)
Plethodon cheoah Cheoah Bald Salamander SR S1 G2
M: mesic forests on Cheoah Bald ( endemic to this area) ( Graham,
Swain)
Plethodon meridianus South Mountain Gray- SR S1S2 G1G2
cheeked Salamander
P: mesic forests of the South Mountains ( endemic to this area)
( Burke, Cleveland)
Plethodon shermani Red- legged Salamander SR S3 G2
M: moist forests in the southwestern counties ( Cherokee+, Clay,
Graham, Macon, Swain)
Plethodon ventralis Southern Zigzag Salamander SC S1 G4
M: moist areas of talus slopes or rock outcrops in hardwood
forests ( Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson*, Madison, Yancey)
Plethodon wehrlei Wehrle's Salamander T S1S2 G4
P: upland forests ( low mountains near Virginia border)
( Alleghany, Stokes, Surry, Wilkes)
Plethodon welleri Weller's Salamander SC S2 G3
M: high elevation forests in northern mountains, mainly in spruce-fir
and to a lesser degree, northern hardwood forests ( Ashe, Avery,
Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
Plethodon yonahlossee pop. 1 Crevice Salamander SC S1S2 G4T1Q
M: Hickorynut Gorge area ( endemic to this area); crevices in moist
shaded rocks ( Buncombe, Henderson, McDowell, Rutherford)
Pseudacris brachyphona Mountain Chorus Frog SC S2 G5
M: ditches, pools, and other small wet areas near forests, in
extreme southwestern mountains ( Cherokee)
Pseudacris ornata Ornate Chorus Frog SR S3 G5
SC: swamps, savannas, wooded ponds and pools ( Bladen,
Brunswick, Hoke, New Hanover*, Onslow, Robeson, Sampson*,
Scotland)
Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3
SC: breeds in temporary fish- free pools; forages in sandy woods,
especially pine- oak sandhills ( Beaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick,
Carteret, Hoke, Jones*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson,
Sampson, Scotland)
Rana heckscheri River Frog SC SH G5
SC: river floodplains, such as pools or borrow pit ponds
( Cumberland*, Moore*, Robeson*, Sampson*, Scotland*)
Rana sylvatica pop. 3 Wood Frog -- Coastal Plain SR S1 G5TNR
population
C: mesic to moist hardwood forests ( Hyde, Tyrrell)
32
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Freshwater Fishes
Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose Sturgeon E E S1 G3
TC: brackish water of large rivers and estuaries; spawns in
freshwater areas ( Anson, Beaufort+, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick,
Camden, Carteret, Chowan, Columbus, Craven+, Currituck, Dare,
Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow+, Pamlico+, Pasquotank, Pender,
Perquimans, Pitt+, Richmond, Tyrrell, Washington)
Acipenser fulvescens Lake Sturgeon SC FSC SX G3G4
M: large rivers of Tennessee drainages ( Madison*)
Acipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic Sturgeon SC C S3 G3
TC: coastal waters, estuaries, large rivers ( records not yet entered)
Ambloplites cavifrons Roanoke Bass SR FSC S2 G3
PC: streams in Neuse and Tar systems ( Chatham, Durham,
Edgecombe*, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Johnston*, Lee,
Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Pitt*, Randolph,
Richmond, Rockingham, Vance, Wake, Warren)
Aplodinotus grunniens Freshwater Drum SC S1 G5
M: French Broad River ( Madison)
Carpiodes carpio River Carpsucker SC S1 G5
M: French Broad and Cane rivers ( Madison, Yancey)
Carpiodes cyprinus Quillback SR S2? G5
MP: French Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, and Roanoke drainages
[ native river/ stream populations only; reservoir populations not
tracked] ( Davidson, Davie, Forsyth, Halifax, Madison, McDowell,
Mitchell, Northampton, Rockingham, Stokes, Yadkin, Yancey)
Carpiodes sp. cf. cyprinus a carpsucker SR S2 GNR
P: Yadkin/ Pee Dee, Catawba, and Broad drainages [ native
river/ stream populations only; reservoir populations not tracked]
( records not yet entered)
Carpiodes sp. cf. velifer Atlantic Highfin Carpsucker SC S1 GNR
PC: Catawba, Pee Dee, and Cape Fear rivers ( Anson, Bladen,
Catawba, Gaston, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Richmond)
Clinostomus sp. 1 Smoky Dace SC FSC S3 G3Q
M: drainages in southwestern mountains ( Cherokee, Clay,
Graham, Jackson, Macon, Swain)
Cottus caeruleomentum Blue Ridge Sculpin SC S1 G4
P: Dan drainage ( Stokes)
Cottus carolinae Banded Sculpin T S1 G5
M: French Broad and Pigeon drainages [ Haywood] ( Madison)
Cyprinella sp. 1 Thinlip Chub SC S2? G2Q
CS: Cape Fear, Lumber, and Pee Dee drainages ( Anson, Bladen,
Cumberland, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland)
33
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Cyprinella zanema Santee Chub SR S3 G4
P: Catawba and Broad drainages [ Cleveland] ( Burke, Caldwell,
Catawba, Iredell*, Lincoln, McDowell, Mecklenburg, Polk,
Rutherford)
Elassoma boehlkei Carolina Pygmy Sunfish T FSC S1 G2
C: streams and canals in Waccamaw drainage ( Brunswick,
Columbus)
Enneacanthus obesus Banded Sunfish SR S3 G5
C: most Atlantic drainages [ Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick,
Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Johnston, Jones, New
Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, plus additional counties]
( records not yet entered)
Erimonax monachus Spotfin Chub T T S1 G2
M: Little Tennessee River; formerly in French Broad drainage
( Buncombe*, Macon, Madison*, Swain)
Erimystax insignis eristigma Southern Blotched Chub SR FSC S2 G4TNR
M: primarily French Broad drainage [ Transylvania] ( Buncombe,
Cherokee, Clay, Henderson, Madison, Mitchell, Yancey)
Etheostoma acuticeps Sharphead Darter T FSC S1 G3
M: streams in Nolichucky system ( Toe and Cane rivers) ( Mitchell,
Yancey)
Etheostoma collis Carolina Darter SC FSC S3 G3
P: streams in the Piedmont [ NHP previously tracked records at the
subspecies/ population level; as there is uncertainty about valid
subspecies for this species, and as it is listed as State Special
Concern by WRC only at the species level, NHP is now tracking
only at the species level.] ( Alamance, Anson, Cabarrus, Chatham,
Davidson, Durham, Granville, Guilford, Mecklenburg,
Montgomery, Moore, Orange, Person, Randolph+, Richmond,
Stanly, Union)
Etheostoma inscriptum Turquoise Darter T S1 G4
M: streams of Savannah drainage ( Jackson, Macon, Transylvania)
Etheostoma jessiae Blueside Darter SC SH G4Q
M: streams in Mills River system ( Henderson*)
Etheostoma kanawhae Kanawha Darter SR S3 G4
M: New drainage ( Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga)
Etheostoma mariae Pinewoods Darter SC FSC S3 G3
SC: streams of Lumber drainage, mainly in the sandhills; perhaps
in adjacent Pee Dee drainage [ Bladen] ( Hoke, Montgomery,
Moore, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland)
Etheostoma perlongum Waccamaw Darter T FSC S1 G1Q
C: Lake Waccamaw, and sparingly in the Waccamaw River
( endemic to North Carolina) [ Brunswick] ( Columbus)
Etheostoma podostemone Riverweed Darter SC S3 G4
P: large streams in Dan River system ( Caswell, Rockingham,
Stokes)
34
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Etheostoma tennesseense Tennessee Darter SC S1 GNR
M: streams of French Broad drainage [ a recent split from E.
simoterum] ( Madison)
Etheostoma vulneratum Wounded Darter SC FSC S1 G3
M: streams of Little Tennessee and French Broad drainages
( Jackson, Macon, Madison*, Swain, Transylvania)
Exoglossum laurae Tonguetied Minnow SR S2 G4
M: New drainage ( Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga)
Exoglossum maxillingua Cutlip Minnow SC S1 G5
P: streams of Dan River system ( Stokes)
Fundulus cf. diaphanus Lake Phelps Killifish SR FSC S1 GUQ
C: Lake Phelps ( endemic to this lake) ( Washington)
Fundulus chrysotus Golden Topminnow SR S1? G5
C: Waccamaw drainage ( Brunswick, Columbus)
Fundulus confluentus Marsh Killifish SR S2? G5
T: fresh to brackish waters along coast ( Carteret, Dare, Hyde,
Onslow)
Fundulus luciae Spotfin Killifish SR S2? G4
TC: ponds and pools along coast ( Brunswick, Carteret, New
Hanover, Onslow+)
Fundulus waccamensis Waccamaw Killifish SC FSC S1 G1
C: Lake Waccamaw ( endemic to North Carolina) ( Columbus)
Heterandria formosa Least Killifish SC S2 G5
C: streams and lakes near Wilmington ( Brunswick, New Hanover)
Hiodon tergisus Mooneye SC S1 G5
M: French Broad River ( Henderson*, Madison)
Hybopsis rubrifrons Rosyface Chub T S1 G4
M: Savannah drainage ( Transylvania)
Hypentelium roanokense Roanoke Hog Sucker SR S3 G4
P: Dan drainage ( Caswell, Rockingham, Stokes)
Ichthyomyzon bdellium Ohio Lamprey SR S1 G3G4
M: French Broad and Cane drainages ( Madison, Mitchell, Yancey)
Ictiobus bubalus Smallmouth Buffalo SR S1 G5
M: French Broad drainage [ native river/ stream populations only;
reservoir populations not tracked] ( Madison, Mitchell, Yancey)
Ictiobus niger Black Buffalo SR S1 G5
M: French Broad River ( Madison)
Lampetra aepyptera Least Brook Lamprey T S2 G5
CP: Tar and Neuse drainages [ Nash] ( Edgecombe, Franklin,
Halifax, Johnston, Jones*, Lenoir, Pitt*, Wake, Warren)
Lampetra appendix American Brook Lamprey T S1 G4
M: French Broad drainage ( Madison)
35
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Luxilus chrysocephalus Striped Shiner SC S2 G5
M: several mountain drainages ( Buncombe, Cherokee, Macon,
Mitchell, Yancey)
Menidia extensa Waccamaw Silverside T T S1 G1
C: Lake Waccamaw ( endemic to North Carolina) ( Columbus)
Micropterus coosae Redeye Bass SR S1 G5
M: Savannah and Broad drainages [ Henderson] ( Burke*,
Transylvania)
Moxostoma ariommum Bigeye Jumprock T S1 G4
P: Dan drainage ( Forsyth, Rockingham, Stokes)
Moxostoma breviceps Smallmouth Redhorse SR S2 G5
M: Tennessee drainages [ Cherokee, Jackson, Madison, Swain]
( Macon, Mitchell, Yancey)
Moxostoma robustum Robust Redhorse E FSC S1 G1
P: Pee Dee River; formerly in tributaries of this river ( Anson,
Burke*, Davidson*, Davie*, Iredell*, Richmond, Stanly*, Union*)
Moxostoma sp. 2 Sicklefin Redhorse T C S1 G2Q
M: Hiwassee and Little Tennessee drainages ( Cherokee, Clay,
Jackson, Macon, Swain)
Moxostoma sp. 3 Carolina Redhorse T FSC S1 G1G2Q
P: Cape Fear and Pee Dee drainages ( Anson, Chatham, Harnett,
Lee, Montgomery, Moore, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly)
Notropis bifrenatus Bridle Shiner E FSC S1 G3
C: stream near lower Neuse River ( Craven, Jones*)
Notropis cf. chlorocephalus Piedmont Shiner SR S3 G4QT3
P: Broad drainage [ formerly considered part of N. lutipinnis]
( Cleveland, Henderson, McDowell, Polk, Rutherford)
Notropis lutipinnis Yellowfin Shiner SC S1 G4Q
MP: Savannah, Little Tennessee, and Broad drainages [ only the
Savannah drainage is listed as SC] ( Jackson, Transylvania)
Notropis mekistocholas Cape Fear Shiner E E S1 G1
P: Cape Fear drainage ( endemic to North Carolina) ( Chatham,
Harnett, Lee, Moore, Randolph)
Notropis micropteryx Highland Shiner SR S2 G5
M: French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee drainages
[ Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
Madison, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey] ( records not yet entered)
Notropis sp. 1 Kanawha Rosyface Shiner SR S2 GNR
M: New drainage [ formerly considered part of N. rubellus]
( Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga)
Notropis volucellus Mimic Shiner SR S2 G5
MPC: scattered drainages in mountains and near Fall Line ( records
not yet entered)
Noturus eleutherus Mountain Madtom SC S1 G4
M: French Broad drainage ( Madison)
36
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Noturus flavus Stonecat E S1 G5
M: Nolichucky, French Broad, and Little Tennessee drainages
( Macon, Madison, Swain, Yancey)
Noturus furiosus Carolina Madtom T FSC S2 G2
CP: Tar and Neuse drainages ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Craven*, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Greene,
Halifax, Johnston, Jones*, Lenoir, Nash, Pitt, Vance, Wake,
Wayne, Wilson)
Noturus gilberti Orangefin Madtom E FSC S1 G2
P: Dan drainage ( Stokes)
Noturus sp. 2 Broadtail Madtom SC FSC S1 G2
C: Cape Fear, Waccamaw, and Lumber drainages ( Bladen,
Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Duplin, Hoke*, Moore,
Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland)
Percina burtoni Blotchside Logperch E FSC S1 G2G3
M: South Toe drainage; formerly in French Broad drainage
( Buncombe*, Yancey)
Percina caprodes Logperch T S1 G5
M: Tennessee drainages ( Alleghany, Ashe, Haywood, Madison)
Percina nigrofasciata Blackbanded Darter T S1 G5
M: Savannah drainage ( Transylvania)
Percina oxyrhynchus Sharpnose Darter SC S1 G4
M: New River drainage ( Alleghany, Ashe)
Percina rex Roanoke Logperch E E S1 G1G2
P: Dan drainage ( Rockingham)
Percina sciera Dusky Darter E SX G5
M: French Broad drainage ( Madison*)
Percina squamata Olive Darter SC FSC S2 G3
M: Tennessee drainages ( Cherokee, Haywood+, Jackson, Macon,
Madison+, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey)
Percina williamsi Sickle Darter SC FSC SX G2
M: formerly in French Broad River [ recent split from P.
macrocephala] ( Buncombe*)
Phenacobius teretulus Kanawha Minnow SC FSC S2 G3G4
M: New drainage ( Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga)
Polyodon spathula Paddlefish E FSC SH G4
M: French Broad River ( Buncombe*, Henderson*, Madison*,
Transylvania*)
Sander canadensis Sauger SR S2? G5
M: French Broad and Hiwassee rivers ( Cherokee, Haywood+,
Madison)
Semotilus lumbee Sandhills Chub SC FSC S3 G3
S: streams in the sandhills ( Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke,
Montgomery*, Moore, Richmond, Scotland)
37
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Thoburnia hamiltoni Rustyside Sucker E FSC S1 G3
P: Dan drainage ( Stokes)
38
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Mollusks: Freshwater Bivalves
Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf Wedgemussel E E S1 G1G2
PC: Tar and Neuse drainages, mainly near Fall Line ( Franklin,
Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Orange, Vance, Wake,
Warren, Wilson)
Alasmidonta raveneliana Appalachian Elktoe E E S1 G1
M: Tennessee drainages ( Buncombe*, Graham, Haywood,
Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania,
Yancey)
Alasmidonta robusta Carolina Elktoe SR SH GHQ
P: Long Creek ( Mecklenburg*), possibly in Poison Fork
( Montgomery) ( endemic to North Carolina, but perhaps extinct)
( Mecklenburg*, Montgomery+)
Alasmidonta sp. 2 a bivalve ( Uwharries region) SR S1? GNR
P: Uwharries region streams ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Montgomery, Randolph)
Alasmidonta undulata Triangle Floater T S2 G4
PC: most river systems in Piedmont and Coastal Plain ( Caswell,
Chatham, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Granville,
Guilford, Halifax, Harnett, Hertford, Johnston, Jones, Lee,
Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Northampton, Orange, Person, Pitt,
Randolph, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wayne, Wilson)
Alasmidonta varicosa Brook Floater E FSC S1 G3
PM: Piedmont systems and along Blue Ridge escarpment of
Catawba River system ( Anson, Burke, Caldwell, Chatham,
Forsyth, Granville, Moore, Orange, Randolph, Surry, Yadkin)
Alasmidonta viridis Slippershell Mussel E S1 G4G5
M: Little Tennessee and upper French Broad/ Mills rivers
( Henderson, Macon, Swain)
Anodonta couperiana Barrel Floater E SH G4
C: Bladen County; formerly in Greenfield Lake ( Bladen*, New
Hanover*)
Anodonta implicata Alewife Floater T S1 G5
C: Chowan, Meherrin, lower Roanoke, and Pee Dee rivers ( Anson,
Bertie, Chowan, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Montgomery+,
Northampton, Richmond, Stanly+, Washington)
Cyclonaias tuberculata Purple Wartyback E S1 G5
M: New River ( Alleghany)
Elliptio dilatata Spike SC S1 G5
M: Little Tennessee, Hiwassee, and New rivers ( Alleghany, Ashe,
Cherokee, Clay, Macon, Swain, Watauga)
Elliptio fisheriana Northern Lance SR S3 G4
CP: many Atlantic drainages, mainly from the Fall Line eastward
( most records not yet entered) ( Halifax+)
39
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Elliptio folliculata Pod Lance SC S1 G2G3Q
C: Coastal Plain, mainly in Lake Waccamaw ( Anson, Bladen,
Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Duplin, Harnett, Pender,
Richmond, Sampson)
Elliptio lanceolata Yellow Lance E FSC S1 G2G3
PC: Tar and Neuse systems, mainly near the Fall Line ( Duplin,
Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Vance,
Wake, Warren, Wayne)
Elliptio marsupiobesa Cape Fear Spike SC S3 G3Q
C: Cape Fear and Neuse basins ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Bladen, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin, Johnston, New Hanover,
Pender, Pitt, Robeson, Sampson)
Elliptio roanokensis Roanoke Slabshell T S1 G3
PC: most Atlantic drainages ( Anson, Bladen, Chatham, Craven,
Cumberland, Edgecombe, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Lee,
Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Northampton, Pitt, Randolph,
Richmond, Stanly, Wake, Wayne)
Elliptio steinstansana Tar River Spinymussel E E S1 G1
PC: Tar River drainage, very rare in Neuse drainage ( endemic to
North Carolina) ( Edgecombe, Franklin, Halifax, Johnston, Nash,
Pitt*, Warren)
Elliptio waccamawensis Waccamaw Spike E FSC S1 G2G3Q
C: Lake Waccamaw and vicinity ( endemic to North Carolina;
possibly in adjacent South Carolina) ( Brunswick, Columbus)
Fusconaia barnesiana Tennessee Pigtoe E S1 G2G3
M: Little Tennessee River ( Macon, Swain)
Fusconaia masoni Atlantic Pigtoe E FSC S1 G2
CP: most Atlantic drainages, in lower Piedmont and upper Coastal
Plain; also in Black River in lower Coastal Plain ( Beaufort*,
Bladen, Caswell, Chatham, Cumberland*, Durham, Edgecombe,
Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery,
Moore, Nash, Northampton*, Orange, Pender, Person, Pitt,
Randolph, Sampson, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wayne*,
Wilson*)
Fusconaia subrotunda Long- solid SR S1 G3
M: Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, and French Broad systems
( Buncombe*, Cherokee, Clay, Macon+, Swain+, Transylvania)
Lampsilis cariosa Yellow Lampmussel E FSC S1 G3G4
PC: a number of river systems; mainly near the Fall Line
( Alamance*, Anson, Bladen, Chatham, Columbus, Cumberland,
Davie, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett,
Johnston, Lee, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Northampton, Orange,
Pender, Person, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Sampson,
Stanly, Vance)
Lampsilis fasciola Wavy- rayed Lampmussel SC S1 G5
M: French Broad, Pigeon, Hiwassee, and Little Tennessee
drainages ( Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon,
Mitchell, Swain, Yancey)
40
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Lampsilis fullerkati Waccamaw Fatmucket T FSC S1 G1Q
C: Lake Waccamaw and vicinity ( endemic to North Carolina and
adjacent South Carolina) ( Columbus)
Lampsilis radiata Eastern Lampmussel T S1S2 G5
CP: a number of river systems ( Alamance, Anson, Bertie, Bladen,
Cabarrus, Chatham, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Davidson,
Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Granville, Halifax,
Hertford, Johnston, Jones, Lee, Montgomery, Nash, Northampton,
Orange, Pender, Person, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan,
Sampson, Stanly, Union, Wake, Warren, Wayne, Wilson)
Lampsilis sp. 2 Chameleon Lampmussel SR S1 G1
PC: Neuse, Tar, and Cape Fear systems ( endemic to North
Carolina) ( Durham, Franklin, Granville, Nash+, Orange, Person,
Vance)
Lampsilis splendida Rayed Pink Fatmucket SR S1? G3
C: Waccamaw and Cape Fear systems ( records not yet entered)
Lasmigona decorata Carolina Heelsplitter E E S1 G1
P: Catawba and Pee Dee drainages in Union County ( endemic to
this area and adjacent South Carolina) ( Anson+, Cabarrus*,
Mecklenburg, Richmond+, Union)
Lasmigona holstonia Tennessee Heelsplitter E FSC S1 G3
M: Mills River; formerly in Valley Creek in Cherokee County
( Cherokee*, Henderson)
Lasmigona subviridis Green Floater E FSC S1 G3
CPM: Tar, Neuse, Roanoke, and Yadkin/ Pee Dee systems
downstate; New and Watauga systems in mountains ( Alleghany,
Ashe, Durham, Edgecombe, Granville*, Halifax, Johnston,
Montgomery, Nash, Northampton, Orange, Person, Pitt, Randolph,
Rockingham, Stokes, Wake, Watauga)
Leptodea ochracea Tidewater Mucket T S1 G3G4
CP: a number of systems, primarily in the Coastal Plain; abundant
in Lake Waccamaw ( Bertie, Chowan, Columbus, Edgecombe,
Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Martin, Northampton, Pitt, Washington)
Ligumia nasuta Eastern Pondmussel T S1 G4
C: Chowan, Roanoke, Cape Fear, and Yadkin/ Pee Dee systems
( Anson, Bertie, Brunswick, Chowan, Gates, Halifax, Hertford,
Martin, Nash*, Northampton, Pitt*, Richmond, Washington)
Pegias fabula Littlewing Pearlymussel E E S1 G1
M: Little Tennessee River; formerly in Valley River in Cherokee
County ( Cherokee*, Macon, Swain)
Pleurobema collina James Spinymussel E E S1 G1
P: Dan and Mayo rivers ( Rockingham, Stokes)
Pleurobema oviforme Tennessee Clubshell E FSC S1 G2G3
M: French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee drainages
( Cherokee, Macon, Swain, Transylvania)
Potamilus alatus Pink Heelsplitter SR S1 G5
M: French Broad River [ Madison] ( records not yet entered)
41
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Sphaerium simile Grooved Fingernailclam SR S1? G5
C: White Oak River ( Jones, Onslow)
Strophitus undulatus Creeper T S2 G5
PCM: most river basins in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont, plus
French Broad basin in the mountains ( Alamance, Anson, Burke,
Cabarrus, Caswell, Chatham, Davidson+, Durham, Edgecombe,
Forsyth, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Henderson,
Johnston, Jones, Lee, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, Nash,
Orange, Person, Pitt, Polk, Randolph, Richmond, Rockingham,
Stanly, Surry, Transylvania, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren,
Wilson, Yadkin)
Toxolasma pullus Savannah Lilliput E FSC S1 G2
PC: a number of Atlantic drainages ( Chatham, Columbus*, Lee,
Montgomery, Orange, Randolph, Stanly, Union)
Villosa constricta Notched Rainbow SC S3 G3
PC: most Atlantic drainages, mainly in lower Piedmont
( Alamance, Anson+, Burke, Caswell, Chatham, Duplin+, Durham,
Franklin, Granville, Guilford, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Lee,
Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Randolph,
Richmond+, Rockingham, Stanly, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren,
Wilson)
Villosa delumbis Eastern Creekshell SR S3 G4
PC: most Atlantic drainages ( Alamance, Anson, Bladen,
Brunswick, Burke, Cabarrus, Caldwell, Chatham, Cumberland,
Duplin, Granville, Guilford, Lee, Mecklenburg, Montgomery,
Orange+, Person, Randolph, Richmond+, Rockingham, Rowan+,
Sampson, Stanly, Union)
Villosa iris Rainbow SC S1 G5Q
M: Hiwassee and Little Tennessee drainages; formerly in French
Broad drainage ( Cherokee, Clay, Jackson, Macon, Swain)
Villosa trabalis Cumberland Bean SR E S1 G1
M: Hiwassee River ( Cherokee)
Villosa vanuxemensis Mountain Creekshell T S1 G4
M: Hiwassee River; formerly in French Broad drainage ( Cherokee,
Clay)
Villosa vaughaniana Carolina Creekshell E FSC S2 G2
P: Pee Dee, Catawba, and Cape Fear systems ( endemic to North
Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) ( Alamance, Anson,
Cabarrus, Chatham, Guilford, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore,
Orange, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Stanly, Union)
42
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Mollusks: Freshwater and Terrestrial Gastropods
Amnicola sp. 1 Waccamaw Snail SC S1 G1
C: Lake Waccamaw and adjacent Big Creek ( endemic to North
Carolina) ( Columbus)
Appalachina chilhoweensis Queen Crater SC S2 G4
M: cove hardwoods ( Graham+, Haywood+, Madison+, Swain+)
Catinella pugilator Weedpatch Ambersnail SR S1? G1G2
C: marsh ecotones ( Currituck)
Catinella waccamawensis Waccamaw Ambersnail T S1 G1Q
C: shoreline of Lake Waccamaw ( endemic to this area) ( Columbus)
Cincinnatia sp. 1 Waccamaw Siltsnail SC S1 G1
C: Lake Waccamaw and adjacent Big Creek ( endemic to North
Carolina) ( Columbus)
Daedalochila sp. 1 nr. auriformis a liptooth SR S1S2 GNR
C: very wet clay savannas? ( Brunswick)
Discus bryanti Sawtooth Disc SC S2 G3
M: Watauga to Madison counties in cove hardwoods ( Buncombe,
Madison, Mitchell)
Elimia christyi Christy's Elimia E FSC S1 G2
M: Hiwassee River and tributaries ( Cherokee)
Ferrissia hendersoni Blackwater Ancylid SC S1 G5Q
CP: scattered locales in Coastal Plain and Piedmont, but mainly on
margins of Carolina bay lakes ( records not yet entered)
Fumonelix jonesiana Big- tooth Covert T S1 G1
M: spruce- fir and northern hardwood forests; Newfound Gap area
of Great Smoky Mountains National Park ( endemic to this area)
( Swain*)
Fumonelix orestes Engraved Covert T S1 G1
M: spruce- fir and northern hardwood forests; Plott Balsam
mountains ( endemic to this area) ( Haywood, Jackson)
Fumonelix wheatleyi clingmanicus Clingman Covert T FSC S1 G4T2T3
M: Clingmans Dome region of Great Smoky Mountains National
Park ( endemic to this area) ( Swain)
Glyphyalinia clingmani Fragile Glyph E FSC S1 G1
M: wet leaf litter associated with seepage runs; Black Mountains
of Yancey County ( endemic to North Carolina) ( Yancey)
Glyphyalinia junaluskana Dark Glyph SC S2 G2
M: cove hardwoods; southwestern mountains ( Cherokee*,
Graham+, Macon+, Swain+)
Glyphyalinia pentadelphia Pink Glyph SC S2 G2G3
M: cove hardwoods; southwestern mountains ( Cherokee+, Clay+,
Graham+, Macon+, Swain+)
43
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Haplotrema kendeighi Blue- footed Lancetooth SC S1S2 G2
M: southwestern mountains ( Macon+, Swain+)
Helicodiscus bonamicus Spiral Coil SC S1 G1
M: Nantahala Gorge vicinity ( endemic to this area) ( Graham,
Macon, Swain)
Helicodiscus fimbriatus Fringed Coil SC S2 G4
M: rocky soils; extreme southwestern corner of the state
( Cherokee+, Graham+)
Helicodiscus saludensis Corncob Snail SR S1? G1
M: no habitat or locality data ( records not yet entered)
Helicodiscus triodus Talus Coil SR S1? G2
M: Madison County ( Madison)
Helisoma eucosmium Greenfield Rams- horn E FSC S1 G1Q
C: Greenfield Lake ( formerly), creek in Brunswick County
( endemic to North Carolina) ( Brunswick, New Hanover*)
Inflectarius downieanus Dwarf Globelet SR S1 G3
M: northern mountains ( Watauga)
Inflectarius ferrissi Smoky Mountain Covert T S2 G2
M: spruce- fir and northern hardwood forests; Great Smoky
Mountains and Plott Balsams ( endemic to these ranges)
( Haywood, Jackson, Swain)
Inflectarius subpalliatus Velvet Covert SC S2 G2
M: central mountains ( Watauga to Haywood counties) ( Avery,
Haywood+, Madison, Mitchell, Watauga)
Inflectarius verus a snail SR S1? G1
M: forests ( Swain)
Leptoxis dilatata Seep Mudalia T S1 G3
M: New River drainage ( Alleghany, Ashe*)
Mesodon altivagus Wandering Globe SR S2S3 G2G3
M: spruce- fir forests ( Avery, Swain)
Mesodon andrewsae Balsam Globe SR S2S3 G3
M: high elevation forests in the vicinity of Roan Mountain and Mt.
Mitchell ( some records not yet entered) ( Avery)
Mesomphix andrewsae Mountain Button SR S3? G3G4
M: high elevation forests ( records not yet entered)
Novisuccinea sp. 1 nr. GNR
chittenangoensis
an ambersnail SR S1S3
M: northern hardwoods? ( Graham)
Pallifera hemphilli Black Mantleslug SC S2 G4
M: high elevation forests, mainly spruce- fir ( Avery+, Jackson+,
Mitchell+, Swain+, Yancey+)
Paravitrea andrewsae High Mountain Supercoil SC S2 G2
M: cove forests with rocky slopes; northern half of the mountains
( Avery, Buncombe, Madison, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey)
44
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Paravitrea bellona Club Supercoil SR S1? G1
M: wooded river bluffs and ravines ( records not yet entered)
Paravitrea clappi Mirey Ridge Supercoil SC S1S2 G2G3
M: high elevations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
( Swain)
Paravitrea lacteodens Ramp Cove Supercoil SC SH G1
M: Graham County, possibly Cherokee County ( endemic to this
area) ( Graham*)
Paravitrea lamellidens Lamellate Supercoil SC S2 G2
M: southern half of the mountains ( Cherokee+, Graham+,
Haywood+, Macon+, Swain+, Yancey+)
Paravitrea placentula Glossy Supercoil SC S2 G3
M: Madison, Mitchell and Swain counties ( Madison, Mitchell,
Swain+)
Paravitrea ternaria Sculpted Supercoil T FSC S1 G1G2
M: under moist leaf litter on wooded hillsides and slopes ( endemic
to Madison County and Unicoi County, Tennessee) ( Madison)
Paravitrea umbilicaris Open Supercoil SC S2 G2
M: cove forests with rocky slopes; extreme southwestern
mountains ( Cherokee+, Graham*, Macon+)
Paravitrea varidens Roan Supercoil T FSC S1S2 G1G2
M: Mitchell and Yancey counties ( endemic to North Carolina and
adjacent Tennessee) ( Mitchell, Yancey+)
Patera clarki clarki Dwarf Proud Globe SC S2 G3T3
M: forested mountainsides ( Cherokee+, Clay+, Graham+,
Jackson+, Macon+, Swain+)
Patera clarki nantahala Noonday Globe T T S1 G3T1
M: Nantahala Gorge ( endemic to this site) ( Swain)
Pilsbryna nodopalma Oar Tooth Bud SR S1 G1G2
M: rock outcrops and rocky hillsides ( records not yet entered)
Pilsbryna vanattai Honey Glyph SC SH G2G3
M: wet leaf litter next to seeps or streams ( Avery*, Mitchell*,
Yancey*)
Planorbella magnifica Magnificent Rams- horn E FSC S1 G1
C: Orton Pond and pond on Sand Hill Creek; formerly Greenfield
Lake ( endemic to North Carolina) ( Brunswick, New Hanover*)
Somatogyrus virginicus Panhandle Pebblesnail SR FSC S1? G2G3
P: Eno River ( Durham)
Stenotrema altispira Highland Slitmouth SR S3? G3
M: high elevation forests ( records not yet entered)
Stenotrema depilatum Great Smoky Slitmouth SC S2 G2
M: Great Smoky Mountains National Park ( essentially endemic to
this area) ( Graham+, Swain+)
Striatura exigua Ribbed Striate SR S1S2 G5
M: swampy woods and moist forests ( records not yet entered)
45
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Triodopsis fulciden Dwarf Threetooth SC S1S2 G1G2
P: southwestern Piedmont ( endemic to North Carolina) ( Burke+,
Catawba*, Cleveland+, Lincoln+)
Triodopsis soelneri Cape Fear Threetooth T FSC S2 G2
C: swampy habitats in the extreme southeastern corner of the state
( endemic to North Carolina) ( Brunswick, Columbus, New
Hanover, Onslow)
Triodopsis tennesseensis Budded Threetooth SR S1S3 G4
M: Hot Springs vicinity ( Madison)
Valvata sincera a valvatid snail SR S1 G5
P: Pee Dee drainage ( Richmond)
Ventridens coelaxis Bidentate Dome SC S2 G3
M: cove forests; northern mountains ( Alleghany+, Avery+,
Madison, Watauga+)
Ventridens collisella Sculptured Dome SR S1 G4
M: northern mountains ( Mitchell, Watauga)
Ventridens decussatus Crossed Dome SR S3? G3
M: montane oak- hickory forests ( records not yet entered)
Ventridens lasmodon Hollow Dome SR S1S3 G4
M: Madison County ( Madison)
Vertigo alabamensis Alabama Vertigo SR S2S3 G3
C: pocosins ( Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Greene,
Pamlico, Pender, Scotland, Tyrrell)
Vertigo sp. 3 a new vertigo SR S2S3 GNR
C: pocosins ( Bladen, Brunswick, Craven, Jones, Pamlico, Pender,
Tyrrell)
Viviparus intertextus Rotund Mysterysnail SR S2? G4
C: swamps in Lumber and Waccamaw drainages ( Columbus,
Robeson)
Zonitoides patuloides Appalachian Gloss SC S2 G3
M: cove hardwoods in deep leaf litter; southwestern mountains
( Macon+, Swain+)
46
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Arachnids
Hypochilus coylei a lampshade spider SR S3? G3?
M: rock outcrops ( apparently endemic to southern mountains of
North Carolina) ( Buncombe, Henderson, McDowell, Polk,
Rutherford)
Hypochilus sheari a lampshade spider SR S2S3 G2G3
M: rock outcrops ( apparently endemic to North Carolina)
( Buncombe, McDowell, Yancey)
Microhexura montivaga Spruce- fir Moss Spider SR E S1 G1
M: in moss of spruce- fir forests ( endemic to North Carolina and
adjacent Tennessee) ( Avery, Caldwell, Haywood, Jackson,
Mitchell, Swain, Watauga, Yancey)
Nesticus brimleyi a nesticid spider SR S1? G1G2
M: caves ( endemic to the vicinity of Bat Cave)
Nesticus carolinensis Linville Caverns Spider SR S1 G1?
M: caves ( apparently endemic to Linville Caverns) ( McDowell*)
Nesticus cooperi Lost Nantahala Cave Spider SR FSC S1 G1
M: caves and along Nantahala River ( apparently endemic to this
area) ( Macon, Swain)
Nesticus crosbyi a nesticid spider SR S1? G1?
M: spruce- fir forests ( apparently endemic to Mount Mitchell)
Nesticus gertschi a nesticid spider SR S1? G1G2
M: caves; Bat Cave, NC, and in Tennessee
Nesticus mimus a nesticid spider SR S2? G2
M: rocky areas; known from Grandfather Mountain and Table
Rock; also in Virginia
Nesticus sheari a nesticid spider SR S2? G2?
M: on ground in moist or rich forests ( apparently endemic to
Graham County, NC)
Nesticus silvanus a nesticid spider SR S2? G2?
M: habitat not indicated ( apparently endemic to southern
mountains of North Carolina)
Nesticus sp. 1 a nesticid spider SR S2? G2?
M: habitat not indicated ( known only from Jackson and
Transylvania counties, NC, and Oconee County, SC)
Nesticus sp. 2 a nesticid spider SR S1S3 G1G3
M: on ground in forests ( only known from Clay County, NC)
47
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Crustaceans
Caecidotea carolinensis Bennett's Mill Cave Water E S1 G2G3
Slater
FSC
P: caves; in McDowell County ( endemic to this area) ( McDowell)
Cambarus acanthura Thornytail Crayfish SR S1 G4G5
M: pools and small creeks in the Hiwassee drainage ( Cherokee)
Cambarus brimleyorum Valley River Crayfish SR S3 G3G4
M: streams in Hiwassee drainage ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Cherokee, Clay)
Cambarus catagius Greensboro Burrowing SC S2 G3
Crayfish
P: Greensboro area to Uwharries ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Davidson, Guilford, Montgomery, Randolph)
Cambarus chaugaensis Chauga Crayfish SC S2 G2
M: streams in Savannah drainage ( endemic to northwest South
Carolina and adjacent North Carolina and Georgia) ( Jackson,
Macon, Transylvania)
Cambarus davidi Carolina Ladle Crayfish SR S2S3 G3
P: Neuse and Cape Fear drainages ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Alamance, Caswell, Chatham, Durham, Guilford+, Harnett,
Orange, Rockingham, Wake)
Cambarus eeseeohensis Grandfather Mountain SR S1 G1
Crayfish
M: Linville River above Linville Falls ( endemic to this area)
( Avery)
Cambarus georgiae Little Tennessee Crayfish SC S2S3 G2
M: streams in Little Tennessee drainage ( Jackson, Macon, Swain)
Cambarus howardi Chattahoochee Crayfish SR S3 G3
P: small streams in Broad, Catawba, and Yadkin/ Pee Dee
drainages ( records not yet entered)
Cambarus hystricosus Sandhills Spiny Crayfish SR S2 G2
S: streams in the Sandhills ( endemic to North Carolina) ( records
not yet entered)
Cambarus johni Carolina Foothills Crayfish SR S3 G3
PM: headwater streams in the Yadkin/ Pee Dee, Catawba, and
Broad drainages ( records not yet entered)
Cambarus lenati Broad River Stream Crayfish SR S2 G2
P: streams in the Broad River drainage ( endemic to North
Carolina) [ McDowell, Polk] ( Cleveland*, Rutherford)
Cambarus nodosus Knotty Burrowing Crayfish SR S2 G4
M: seepages and other mucky areas in Hiwassee drainage
( Cherokee, Clay)
Cambarus parrishi Hiwassee Headwaters SC S1 G2
Crayfish
FSC
M: streams in Hiwassee drainage ( Cherokee, Clay)
48
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Cambarus reburrus French Broad River Crayfish SR FSC S3 G3
M: streams in upper portions of French Broad drainage, and in one
stream in Savannah drainage ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Buncombe, Henderson+, Jackson, Madison, Transylvania)
Cambarus spicatus Broad River Spiny Crayfish SC S2 G3
P: streams in Broad River drainage [ Rutherford] ( Cleveland, Polk)
Cambarus tuckasegee Tuckasegee Stream Crayfish SR S1S2 G1G2
M: streams in Tuckasegee River subdrainage of Little Tennessee
River drainage ( endemic to North Carolina) ( Jackson, Swain)
Diacyclops jeanneli putei Carolina Well Diacyclops SC SH G3G4T1T2
P: dug well, in Orange County ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Orange*)
Lynceus gracilicornis Graceful Clam Shrimp SC S2? G5
C: temporary ponds, pools, and ditches ( Craven, New Hanover)
Orconectes carolinensis North Carolina Spiny SC S3 G3
Crayfish
CP: rivers and streams in the Neuse and Tar drainages ( endemic to
North Carolina) ( Craven*, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville,
Greene*, Halifax, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir*, Nash, Pitt, Vance,
Wake*, Warren, Wilson)
Orconectes sp. 3 a crayfish SR S2? GNR
M: Cheoah River subdrainage of the Little Tennessee drainage
( probably endemic to this area) ( Graham)
Orconectes virginiensis Chowanoke Crayfish SC FSC S3 G3
C: streams and rivers in the Chowan and Roanoke drainages
( Bertie, Granville+, Halifax, Hertford, Martin, Northampton,
Washington)
Procambarus braswelli Waccamaw Crayfish SC S2S3 G3
C: Waccamaw and Lumber drainages ( endemic to North Carolina
and adjacent South Carolina) ( Brunswick, Columbus, Scotland)
Skistodiaptomus carolinensis Carolina Skistodiaptomus SC S1? GNR
M: Lake Ravenel in Macon County ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Macon)
Stygobromus carolinensis Yancey Sideswimmer SR FSC S1 G1G2
M: seeps at Mount Mitchell ( endemic to North Carolina)
( Yancey*)
49
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Insects: Mayflies
Ameletus sp. 1 a mayfly SR S1 GNR
M: Panthertown and Greenland creeks ( endemic to this area)
( Jackson)
Ameletus tertius a mayfly SR S2 G4
M: Wilson Creek ( Caldwell), Panthertown Creek ( Jackson); also
in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Amercaenis ridens a mayfly SR S1 G4
C: Black River ( Bladen)
Asioplax dolani a mayfly SR S2 G4
P: Neuse River ( Wayne, Johnston)
Attenella margarita a mayfly SR S1 G5
M: Eagle Creek ( Swain)
Baetisca becki a mayfly SR S1 G2G3
PC: Swift Creek ( Nash), Fishing Creek ( Edgecombe, Halifax,
Nash)
Baetisca obesa a mayfly SR S1 G5
C: known in NC only from the lower Tar River ( Edgecombe, Pitt)
Baetopus trishae a mayfly SR S1 G1G2
no locality data
Barbaetis benfieldi Benfield's Bearded Small SR S1 G2G4
Minnow Mayfly
M: Jacob Fork ( Burke), French Broad River ( Transylvania), Caney
Fork ( Jackson); may be undersampled -- narrow window of
collectibility ( Buncombe, Burke, Jackson, Transylvania)
Cercobrachys etowah a caenid mayfly SR S2 G4
P: known in NC only from the Tar River; taxonomically difficult
Choroterpes basalis a mayfly SR S2 G5
PSC: Waccamaw River ( Columbus, Brunswick), Drowning Creek
( Richmond), Bear Creek ( Chatham), Lanes Creek ( Union), UT
Laurens Creek ( Union), Dutchmans Creek (?) ( Brunswick,
Chatham, Columbus, Moore, Richmond, Union)
Dolania americana American Sand Burrowing SR SH G4
Mayfly
FSC
C: only known NC occurrence is from the Black River; not seen
since 1974 ( Sampson*)
Drunella lata a mayfly SR S3 G5
M: recorded from nine streams and rivers, from Watauga River
( Watauga) to Williamson Creek ( Transylvania) ( Avery,
Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Transylvania, Yancey)
Drunella longicornis a mayfly SR S3 G5
M: southern mountains, most numerous in Transylvania County
Drunella tuberculata pop. 1 a mayfly SR S1 GNR
C: Cape Fear River ( Harnett)
50
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Drunella wayah pop. 1 a mayfly SR S1 GNRTNR
C: Cape Fear River ( Harnett)
Ephemerella berneri a mayfly SR S3 G4
PM: probably widespread in clean streams and rivers with
Podostemum ( Ashe, Buncombe, Burke, Durham, McDowell,
Rockingham)
Ephemerella floripara a mayfly SR S2 G3Q
M: Wilson Creek ( Caldwell), Linville River ( Burke), North and
South Forks of New River ( Ashe, Watauga)
Homoeoneuria cahabensis Cahaba Sand- filtering Mayfly SR S2 G2G3
P: South Fork Yadkin River ( Davie), South Fork Catawba River
( Lincoln), Hunting Creek ( Iredell), Third Creek ( Rowan), Second
Broad River ( Rutherford) ( Catawba, Iredell, Rowan, Rutherford)
Maccaffertium wudigeum Wilson Creek " Stenonema" SR S1 GNR
M: Wilson Creek vicinity ( endemic to this area)
Macdunnoa brunnea a mayfly SR S2 G3G4
MP: French Broad River ( Buncombe), Mills River ( Henderson),
Hunting Creek ( Davie, Iredell), Leepers Creek ( Gaston), Yadkin
River ( Wilkes), Swift Creek ( Nash) ( Buncombe, Davie, Gaston,
Henderson, Iredell, Nash, Wilkes)
Plauditus cestus a mayfly SR S1 G5
no locality data
Pseudiron centralis White Sand- river Mayfly SR S2 G5
P: Iredell County
Serratella spiculosa a mayfly SR S2 G2Q
M: many drainages ( records not yet entered)
Tortopus puella a mayfly SR S1 G4
P: only one NC specimen known, from Tar River ( Franklin)
51
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Insects: Stoneflies
Agnetina capitata Northern Stone SR S3 G5
M: upper Tuckasegee River ( Jackson)
Alloperla lenati a stonefly SR S1 G2G3
SC: Lumber River at Wagram and Upper Rockfish Creek
Attaneuria ruralis Giant Stone SR S2S3 G4
MSC: Cataloochee Creek ( Haywood), West Fork Pigeon River
( Haywood), South Fork New River ( Ashe); Naked Creek
( Richmond) ( Ashe, Haywood, Richmond)
Bolotoperla rossi Smoky Willowfly SR S3 G4
M: known from eight streams and rivers in the mountains, from
Ashe County to Transylvania County ( Alleghany, Ashe, Caldwell,
McDowell, Transylvania, Watauga)
Haploperla fleeki a stonefly SR S1 G1
S: Little River ( Moore) ( endemic to this area)
Haploperla parkeri a stonefly SR S1 G1
M: Right Fork Cove Creek ( Haywood), Shot Pouch Creek ( Macon)
( endemic to North Carolina)
Hydroperla phormidia Brownwater Springfly SR S2 G3
PSC: Lumber River and Pee Dee River
Isoperla frisoni Wisconsin Stripetail SR S3 G5
MP: known from six streams and rivers in the mountains, from the
New River ( Ashe) to Whiteoak Creek ( Macon); also found in the
Dan River ( Ashe, Macon, Transylvania)
Isoperla lata Dark Stripetail SR S3 G5
M: recent state records from Fires Creek ( Clay) and Big Creek
( Haywood)
Isoperla sp. 1 a stonefly SR S1 GNR
S: Little Crane Creek ( Moore)
Megaleuctra williamsae Williams' Rare Winter SR S1 G2
Stonefly
M: UT Cullasaja River ( Macon), Cove Creek ( Haywood), Mull
Creek ( Jackson); possibly undersampled -- semi- aquatic ( Swain)
Paragnetina sp. 1 a stonefly SR S1 GNR
M: Wilson Creek ( Caldwell)
Perlesta bjostadi a stonefly SR S1 G1
SC: Little River near Lillington ( Harnett), Lumber River ( Hoke,
Scotland) ( endemic to North Carolina)
Perlesta leathermani a stonefly SR S1 G1
SC: Little River ( Hoke, Moore), Lumber River ( Hoke, Scotland),
Jordan Creek ( Scotland) ( endemic to North Carolina)
Perlesta sp. 2 a stonefly SR S1 GNR
M: Johns River ( Caldwell) ( probably endemic to North Carolina)
52
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Perlinella ephyre Vernal Stone SR S3 G5
PSC: known from eight streams and rivers in the Sandhills and
Inner Coastal Plain; also occurs in Flat River ( Person) and Terrible
Creek ( Wake)
Prostoia hallasi Swamp Forestfly SR S2 G3
C: recent state record from Great Dismal Swamp ( Gates)
Pteronarcys comstocki Spiny Salmonfly SR S2 G3
no locality data
Rasvena terna Vermont Sallfly SR S2 G4
M: Log Hollow Branch ( Transylvania), Great Smoky Mountains
National Park
Sweltsa holstonensis Holston Sallfly SR S1 G1
M: Middle Fork Reddies River ( Wilkes)
Tallaperla elisa Highlands Roachfly SR S1 G3
M: Great Smoky Mountains National Park ( Swain)
Zapada chila Smokies Forestfly SR S1S2 G2
M: Beech Flat Prong ( Swain), also in Ashe County; hard to
identify and may be undersampled -- occurs in small streams
( Ashe, Swain)
53
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Insects: Caddisflies
Agapetus jocassee a caddisfly SR S2 G2G3
M: small streams ( Burke, Cherokee, Graham)
Agapetus minutus a caddisfly SR S3 G4G5
M: Big Creek tributary ( Haywood)
Agapetus tomus a caddisfly SR S2 G5
M: mountain streams ( Cherokee)
Beraea gorteba a caddisfly SR S1S2 G1G2
no locality data
Brachycentrus etowahensis a caddisfly SR S2 G3
M: Hiwassee River ( Cherokee)
Ceraclea cama a caddisfly SR S1S2 G1G2
C: Lake Waccamaw vicinity ( endemic to this area)
Ceraclea cancellata a caddisfly SR S2 G5
PSC: Naked Creek ( Richmond), Roanoke River ( Bertie), Eliis
Creek ( Bladen), Turnbull Creek ( Bladen) ( Bertie, Bladen,
Richmond)
Ceraclea joannae Lenat's Ceraclea SR S1 G1
P: Little River ( Montgomery) ( endemic to this area)
Ceraclea mentiea a caddisfly SR S2 G5
MP: Big Horse Creek ( Ashe), North and South Forks of New
River ( Ashe, Alleghany), Mayo River ( Rockingham) ( Alleghany,
Ashe, Rockingham, Watauga)
Ceraclea slossonae a caddisfly SR S1 G4
M: North Fork New River ( Ashe), Johns River ( Burke); may be
more numerous but difficult to identify ( Ashe, Burke)
Ceraclea sp. 3 Morman's Ceraclea Caddisfly SR S1 G1
M: Panthertown Creek ( Jackson) ( endemic to this area)
Ceraclea sp. 4 a caddisfly SR S2 G2
C: streams in Columbus County
Ceratopsyche walkeri a caddisfly SR S2 G5
M: Beech Creek ( Watauga)
Culoptila thoracica a caddisfly SR S2 G4G5
M: mainly New River drainage ( Alleghany, Ashe)
Dibusa angata a caddisfly SR S2 G5
P: South Yadkin River ( Davie, Rowan), Eno River ( Durham),
Little River ( Wake), Little River ( Durham), Cane Creek ( Orange)
( Davie, Durham, Rowan, Wake)
Diplectrona metaqui a diplectronan caddisfly SR S3 G4G5
P: known in NC only from Hanging Rock State Park, but has
possibly been undersampled -- occurs in small streams ( Stokes)
54
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Goerita flinti a caddisfly SR S1 G2G3
M: known only from Great Smoky Mountains National Park
( Swain)
Homoplectra monticola a caddisfly SR S1 G2G3
M: scattered sites in central and southern mountains ( Buncombe,
Jackson, Macon)
Hydropsyche bassi a caddisfly SR S2 G2
S: Little River ( Hoke, Moore)
Hydropsyche carolina a caddisfly SR S1 G2G3
M: Cullasaja River ( Macon), Whitewater River ( Jackson,
Transylvania)
Hydroptila coweetensis a caddisfly SR S1 G1G2
M: Coweeta Creek ( Macon)
Hydroptila lloganae Llogan's Vari- colored SR S2 G3
Microcaddisfly
S: Lumber River ( Hoke, Scotland)
Manophylax altus Mount Mitchell Caddisfly SR S1 G2G3
M: recorded only from Mt. Mitchell ( Yancey) but probably occurs
elsewhere
Matrioptila jeanae a caddisfly SR S3 G4
PM: known from ten streams and rivers in the mountains and
Piedmont; poorly sampled due to occurrence in small streams
( Burke, Clay, Henderson, Johnston, Macon, Transylvania)
Nectopsyche waccamawensis Waccamaw White Miller SR S1 G1
C: Lake Waccamaw ( endemic to this area)
Oecetis sp. D a caddisfly SR S1 G1
C: Lake Waccamaw and additional sites ( endemic to North
Carolina)
Oropsyche howellae a caddisfly SR S2 G2
M: streams in Haywood, Jackson, and Macon counties
Palaeagapetus celsus a caddisfly SR S2 G5
M: Wilson Creek ( Avery), Boone Fork ( Watuaga); may be
undersampled due to occurrence in small streams ( Avery,
Watauga)
Polycentropus colei a caddisfly SR S1 G3G4
M: streams in Great Smoky Mountains National Park ( Haywood,
Swain)
Rhyacophila accola a caddisfly SR S1S2 G1G2
M: mountain streams ( no county information) ( endemic to North
Carolina)
Rhyacophila amicis a caddisfly SR S2 G2
M: Cullasaja River ( Macon), Nantahala River ( Macon, Clay),
Whiterock Creek ( Jackson), Spainhour Creek ( Caldwell), North
Toe River, Deep Creek, Oconoluftee River ( Swain) ( Clay,
Jackson, Macon)
55
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Rhyacophila appalachia a rhyacophilan caddisfly SR S2 G3
M: mountain streams ( Caldwell, Haywood, Stokes), including at
Mt. Mitchell ( Yancey)
Rhyacophila celadon Celadon Caddisfly SR S2 G2G3
M: seeps and streams ( Avery, Haywood, Swain, Watauga)
Rhyacophila montana a caddisfly SR S2 G2G3
M: high elevation seeps ( Jackson, Swain)
Rhyacophila mycta a caddisfly SR S3 G3
M: only confirmed from Sweeten Creek ( Buncombe)
Rhyacophila sp. 1 a caddisfly SR S2 G2G3
C: Big Raft Swamp ( Robeson), Bear Creek ( Robeson), Gapway
Swamp ( Columbus)
Triaenodes marginatus a triaenode caddisfly SR S3 G5
PSC: Stewart Creek ( Mecklenburg), Long Creek ( Gaston),
Whiteoak Creek ( Polk); Lumber River ( Robeson), UT Hitchcock
Creek ( Richmond), Mill Creek ( Moore) ( Gaston, Mecklenburg,
Moore, Polk, Richmond, Robeson)
56
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Insects: Dragonflies and Damselflies
Aeshna tuberculifera Black- tipped Darner SR S1? G4
M: boggy or marshy ponds ( Burke+, Wilkes+)
Aeshna verticalis Green- striped Darner SR S1? G5
M: marshy ponds ( Burke+, Henderson+)
Arigomphus pallidus Gray- green Clubtail SR S1? G5
C: ponds, lakes, and streams ( Pender+)
Cordulia shurtleffii American Emerald SR S1 G5
M: ponds, lakes, bogs ( Burke+)
Enallagma minusculum Little Bluet SR S1? G4
C: lakes and ponds ( Bladen+)
Enallagma sulcatum Golden Bluet SR S1? G4
C: ? ( Columbus+)
Gomphus abbreviatus Spine- crowned Clubtail SR S3? G3G4
PC: rivers ( Caswell+, Chatham+, Cumberland+, Durham+, Lee+,
Mecklenburg+, Montgomery+, Moore+, Randolph+, Union+)
Gomphus adelphus Mustached Clubtail SR S1S2 G4
M: small rivers with rapids ( Avery+, Haywood+, Madison+,
Yancey+)
Gomphus australis Clearlake Clubtail SR S1? G4
C: lakes and ponds ( Brunswick+, New Hanover*)
Gomphus borealis Beaverpond Clubtail SR SH G4
M: lakes, ponds, streams ( Mitchell*)
Gomphus cavillaris brimleyi Brimley's Clubtail SR S1S2 G4T3
SC: sand- bottomed lakes and streams ( Bladen+, Brunswick+)
Gomphus consanguis Cherokee Clubtail SR FSC S1? G3
MP: small spring- fed streams ( Burke*, Davie+)
Gomphus descriptus Harpoon Clubtail SR S1? G4
M: large streams and rivers ( Avery+, Haywood+)
Gomphus fraternus Midland Clubtail SR S1? G5
P: rocky rivers ( Anson+, Stanly+)
Gomphus lineatifrons Splendid Clubtail SR S2S3 G4
MP: rocky rivers ( Alleghany+, Ashe+, Avery+, Durham+,
Haywood+, Orange+)
Gomphus quadricolor Rapids Clubtail SR S1? G3G4
P: rocky rivers ( Chatham+, Moore+)
Gomphus septima Septima's Clubtail SR FSC S1S2 G2
P: rocky rivers ( Chatham, Durham*, Harnett, Lee, Moore+, Stanly,
Union, Wake+)
Gomphus ventricosus Skillet Clubtail SR S1S2 G3
P: rivers ( Caswell+, Franklin+, Vance+)
57
Scientific Name Common Name N. C.
Status
U. S.
Rank
N. C. Global
Gomphus viridifrons Green- faced Clubtail SR S1? G3G4
M: rivers ( Alleghany+, Ashe+)
Ladona julia Chalk- fronted Corporal SR S1 G5
M: bogs, marshes ( Jackson)
Lestes congener Spotted Spreadwing SR S1? G5
M: ? ( Alleghany+, Watauga)
Macromia margarita Mountain River Cruiser SR FSC S2S3 G3
PM: rivers ( Burke, Caldwell+, Macon+, Stokes, Transylvania*)
Neurocordulia molesta Smoky Shadowdragon SR S3? G4
C: rivers ( Bladen+, Cumberland+, Edgecombe+, Harnett+,
Lenoir+, Richmond+, Sampson+, Wayne+)
Neurocordulia virginiensis Cinnamon Shadowdragon SR S2? G4
P: large rivers ( Chatham, Durham+, Halifax+, Harnett+, Nash+)
Neurocordulia yamaskanensis Stygian Shadowdragon SR S1? G5
M: rivers ( Alleghany+, Madison+)
Ophiogomphus aspersus Brook Snaketail SR S1S2 G4
M: rapids of rivers and streams ( Alleghany, Ashe, Haywood+)
Ophiogomphus edmundo Edmund's Snaketail SR FSC S1? G1G2
M: Blue Ridge Escarpment streams ( Burke, Caldwell)
Ophiogomphus howei Pygmy Snaketail SR FSC S1? G3
M: rivers ( Alleghany, Ashe, Burke)
Ophiogomphus mainensis Maine Snaketail SR S2S3 G4
M: rapids of rivers and streams ( Burke, Caldwell+, Haywood+,
Mitchell+, Watauga+, Yancey+)
Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis Rusty Snaketail SR S1 G5
M: streams ( Alleghany)
Progomphus bellei Belle's Sanddragon SR FSC S1 G3
C: sand- bottomed lakes and streams ( Bladen)
Somatochlora elongata Ski- tipped Emerald SR S2S3 G5
M: slow to moderate streams ( Ashe, Avery+, Burke+, Clay+,
Jackson+, Macon+)
Stylurus scudderi Zebra Clubtail SR S2? G4
M: streams and rivers ( Ashe+, Avery+, Jackson+, Macon+,
Swain+, Wilkes+)
Stylurus townesi Townes' Clubtail SR FSC S1 G3
C: small rivers ( Columbus+, Robeson+)
Sympetrum obtrusum White- faced Meadowhawk SR S1? G5
M: boggy or marshy ponds and lakes ( Ashe, Watauga+)
Triacanthagyna tri