ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2012
Unnamed Tributary to Lumber
River Mitigation Site
Robeson County
TIP No. R-0513WM
COE Action ID: 2003-00999
Prepared By:
Natural Environment Section & Roadside Environmental Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
December 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION: ...................................................................................... 2
1.1 Project Description ......................................................................... 2
1.2 Purpose ........................................................................................ 2
1.3 Project History ............................................................................... 2
1.4 Debit Ledger ................................................................................... 2
2.0 STREAM ASSESSMENT: ......................................................................... 4
2.1 Success Criteria .............................................................................. 4
2.2 Stream Description ......................................................................... 4
2.2.1 Stream Description .................................................... 4
2.2.2 Stream Description .................................................... 4
2.3 Results of Stream Assessment ....................................................... 6
2.3.1 Site Data .................................................................... 6
2.4 Results of Stream and Buffer Vegetation ........................................ 8
2.4.1 Description of Species ............................................... 8
2.4.2 Results of Vegetation Monitoring ............................... 9
2.4.3 Conclusions ............................................................. 10
3.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................... 10
4.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................ 10
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 – Vicinity Map ........................................................................................ 3
TABLES
Table 1 – Abbreviated Morphological Summary .................................................. 5
Table 2 – Vegetation Monitoring Results ............................................................. 9
APPENDICES
Appendix A – Cross Section Comparisons & Longitudinal Profile
Appendix B – Site Photographs, Cross Section, Vegetation Plot & Photo Point Locations
1
SUMMARY
The following report summarizes the stream monitoring activities that have occurred
during 2012 at the Unnamed Tributaries to Lumber River (UT to Lumber River)
Mitigation Site in Robeson County. The site was constructed during 2007 by the North
Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT). This report provides the monitoring
results for the fifth formal year of monitoring (Year 2012). The Year 2012 monitoring
period is the fifth of five scheduled years for monitoring on UT to Lumber River (See
Success Criteria Section 2.1).
Based on the overall conclusions of monitoring along UT to Lumber River, the site has
met the required monitoring protocols for channel stability and vegetative success
criteria for the fifth formal year of monitoring. Based on comparing the monitoring data
to the as-built data, the channel is stable throughout the stream at this time. The buffer
upstream of Daystorm Road was supplementally planted in February 2012 due to a
brush fire that occurred onsite.
The longitudinal profile survey was not conducted along the stream at the UT to Lumber
River Mitigation Site in 2012 due to extensive vegetation growth along the channel. The
heavy vegetation growth made it impossible to survey the channel without cutting down
many of the desired species along the channel. NCDOT emailed the regulatory
agencies on September 28, 2011 to propose to discontinue profile monitoring. It was
determined through email responses that in lieu of doing the longitudinal profile, visual
inspection of the channel stability throughout the reach and photo documentation at the
permanent photo point locations would be completed. All other monitoring activities will
continue to be completed throughout the five year monitoring period.
NCDOT proposes to discontinue stream and vegetation monitoring at the UT to Lumber
River Mitigation Site.
2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
The following report summarizes the stream monitoring activities that have occurred
during 2012 at the UT to Lumber River Mitigation Site. The site is located adjacent to
the US 74 westbound lanes and split by SR 1362 Daystorm Road near Maxton (Figure
1). The UT to Lumber River Mitigation Site was constructed to provide mitigation for
stream impacts associated with Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) number
R-0513 in Robeson County.
The mitigation project covers approximately 3,260 linear feet of Priority II stream
restoration. Construction was completed in December 2007 by the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT). Stream restoration involved the installation of
rock cross vanes, log cross vanes, log sills and rootwads, construction of a new stream
channel and construction of the floodplain to allow for overbank flooding. It also
included the installation of coir fiber matting and live stakes along the streambank and
bareroot seedlings in the buffer area.
1.2 Purpose
In order for a mitigation site to be considered successful, the site must meet the
success criteria. This report details the monitoring in 2012 at the UT to Lumber River
Mitigation Site. Hydrologic monitoring was not required for the site.
1.3 Project History
December 2007 Construction Completed
March 2008 Planted Live Stakes and Bareroot Seedlings
August 2008 Kudzu Treated
August 2008 Vegetation Monitoring (1 yr.)
October 2008 Stream Channel Monitoring (1 yr.)
June 2009 Kudzu Treated
July 2009 Vegetation Monitoring (2 yr.)
November 2009
August 2010
September 2010
November 2010
September 2011
Stream Channel Monitoring (2 yr.)
Vegetation Monitoring (3 yr.)
Kudzu Treated
Stream Channel Monitoring (3 yr.)
Kudzu Treated
September 2011 Vegetation and Stream Channel Monitoring (4 yr.)
August 2012 Kudzu Treated
August 2012
December 2012
Veg. and Stream Channel Mon. (XS 1 to 9) (5 yr.)
Stream Channel Monitoring (XS 10 & 11) (5 yr.)
1.4 Debit Ledger
The entire UT to Lumber River stream mitigation site was used for the R-0513 project to
compensate for unavoidable stream impacts.
3
Figure 1. Vicinity Map
4
2.0 STREAM ASSESSMENT
2.1 Success Criteria
In accordance with the approved mitigation plan, NCDOT will evaluate the success of
the stream restoration project based on guidance provided by the Stream Mitigation
Guidelines disseminated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers-Wilmington
District. The survey of channel dimension will consist of permanent cross sections
placed at approximately two cross sections (one riffle and one pool) per unique stream
segment. The cross sections will represent approximately 50% riffles and 50% pools.
Annual photographs showing both banks and upstream and downstream views will be
taken from permanent, mapped photo points. The survey of the longitudinal profile will
represent distinct areas of restoration and will cover a cumulative total of 3,000 linear
feet of channel. Newly-constructed meanders will be surveyed to provide pattern
measurements. The entire restored length of stream will be investigated for channel
stability and in-stream structure functionality. Any evidence of channel instability will be
identified, mapped and photographed.
Vegetation Success
The success of vegetation plantings will be measured through stem counts. Permanent
quadrants will be used to sample the riparian buffer and restoration wetlands. Survival
of the live stakes will be determined by visual observation throughout the 5 year
monitoring period.
Bare root vegetation will be evaluated using 5 staked survival plots. Plots will be 25 ft.
by 25 ft. and all flagged stems will be counted in those plots. Success will be defined as
320 stems per acre after 3 years and 260 stems per acre after 5 years. All vegetation
monitoring will be conducted during the growing season.
2.2 Stream Description
2.2.1 Post-Construction Conditions
The mitigation project covers approximately 3,260 linear feet of Priority II stream
restoration. Construction was completed in December 2007 by NCDOT. Stream
restoration involved the installation of rock cross vanes, log cross vanes, log sills and
rootwads, construction of a new stream channel and construction of the floodplain to
allow for overbank flooding. It also included the installation of coir fiber matting and live
stakes along the streambank and bareroot seedlings in the buffer area.
2.2.2 Monitoring Conditions
The objective of the UT to Lumber River Mitigation Site restoration was to build a C5
stream type as identified in the Rosgen’s Applied River Morphology. A total of eleven
cross sections (five in a riffle, six in a pool) were surveyed. For this report, all cross
sections were included in Table 1 but only cross sections containing riffles were used in
the comparison of channel morphology.
5
Table 1. Abbreviated Morphological Summary (UT Lumber River
Cross Sections #1, #3, #5, #7 & #11)
Variable Proposed
Cross
Section #1
(Riffle)
Cross
Section #3
(Riffle)
Cross
Section #5
(Riffle)
Cross
Section #7
(Riffle)
Cross
Section #11
(Riffle)
Min. - Max Values
(Riffle Sections Only)
2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012
Drainage Area (sq. mi) 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Bankfull Width (ft) 13.0 11.04 11.69 13.82 13 14 11.04 – 14
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 0.70 0.47 0.55 0.47 0.8 0.82 0.47 – 0.82
Width/Depth Ratio 18.5 23.49 21.25 29.4 16.25 17.07 16.25 – 29.4
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft
2
) 9.30 5.13 6.45 6.54 10.36 11.44 5.13 – 11.44
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 0.90 0.82 0.94 0.88 1.29 1.35 0.82 – 1.35
Floodprone Area (ft) 60 54.61 58 63 69 44 44 – 69
Entrenchment Ratio 4.60 4.95 4.96 4.56 5.31 3.14 3.14 – 5.31
*Drainage Area, Floodprone Width, and Slope are averaged values only.
*Riffle values are used for classification purposes.
6
2.3 Results of the Stream Assessment
2.3.1 Site Data
The assessment included the survey of eleven cross sections and the longitudinal
profile of UT to Lumber River established by the NCDOT after construction. The length
of the profile along UT to Lumber River was approximately 3,160 linear feet. Eleven
cross sections were established during the 2008 monitoring year. Cross section
locations were subsequently based on the stationing of the longitudinal profile and are
presented below. The locations of the cross sections and longitudinal profiles are
shown in Appendix A.
¨ Cross Section #1. UT to Lumber River, Station 279+00 linear feet, midpoint of
riffle
¨ Cross Section #2. UT to Lumber River, Station 479+00 linear feet, midpoint of
pool
¨ Cross Section #3. UT to Lumber River, Station 849+00 linear feet, midpoint of
riffle
¨ Cross Section #4. UT to Lumber River, Station 964+00 linear feet, midpoint of
pool
¨ Cross Section #5. UT to Lumber River, Station 1258+00 linear feet, midpoint of
riffle
¨ Cross Section #6. UT to Lumber River, Station 1456+00 linear feet, midpoint of
pool
¨ Cross Section #7. UT to Lumber River, Station 1874+00 linear feet, midpoint of
riffle
¨ Cross Section #8. UT to Lumber River, Station 1913+00 linear feet, midpoint of
pool
¨ Cross Section #9. UT to Lumber River, Station 2565+00 linear feet, midpoint of
pool
¨ Cross Section #10. UT to Lumber River, Station 2852+00 linear feet, midpoint of
pool
¨ Cross Section #11. UT to Lumber River, Station 3047+00 linear feet, midpoint of
riffle
Based on comparisons of the monitoring data, all eleven cross sections appear stable
with little or no active bank erosion. Graphs of the cross sections are presented in
Appendix A.
7
The longitudinal profile survey was not conducted along the stream at the UT to Lumber
River Mitigation Site in 2012 due to extensive vegetation growth along the channel. The
heavy vegetation growth made it impossible to survey the channel without cutting down
many of the desired species along the channel. NCDOT emailed the regulatory
agencies on September 28, 2011 to propose to discontinue profile monitoring. It was
determined through email responses that in lieu of doing the longitudinal profile, visual
inspection of the channel stability throughout the reach and photo documentation at the
permanent photo point locations would be completed. All other monitoring activities will
continue to be completed throughout the five year monitoring period.
Photo points 1 through 11 showed an extensive growth of herbaceous and woody
vegetation. The channel is stable throughout the stream restoration project at this time.
A beaver dam was noted downstream of the stream restoration project in August 2012.
USDA has been contacted to trap the beavers and remove the dam.
8
2.4 Results of Stream and Buffer Vegetation
2.4.1 Description of Species
The following live stake species were planted on the streambank:
Cephalanthus occidentalis, Buttonbush
Cornus amomum, Silky Dogwood
The following tree species were planted in the buffer area:
Quercus falcate var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Quercus nigra, Water Oak
Myrica cerifera, Wax Myrtle
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Swamp Blackgum
Nyssa aquatica, Water Tupelo
Taxodium distichum, Baldcypress
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
9
2.4.2 Results of Vegetation Monitoring
Table 2. Vegetation Monitoring Results: Five 25 ft. x 25 ft. vegetation plots were set
to determine the trees per acre in the buffer area.
Plot #
Cherrybark Oak
Laurel Oak
Swamp Chestnut Oak
Water Oak
Wax Myrtle
Swamp Blackgum
Water Tupelo
Baldcypress
Green Ash
Total (Year 5)
Total (at planting)
Density (Trees/Acre)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 5 6 8 0
2 2 1 1 4 1 8 1 5 1
3 1 2 2 5 4 1 4 2 2 4 3 3
4 1 1 8 1 0 2 2 3 0 9
5 3 1 1 1 4 2 5 3 8 1
3 9 1
A v e ra g e
D e n s ity
(T re e s /A c re )
10
Site Notes: The buttonbush and silky dogwood live stakes are surviving along the
streambank. Other vegetation noted included black willow, woolgrass, red maple, soft
rush, baccharis, briars, sweetgum, kudzu, wax myrtle, fennel, lespedeza, pine, cattail,
stinkweed, and various grasses. Kudzu that was noted downstream of Daystorm Road
was treated prior to construction and has been continually treated throughout the
monitoring period. These herbicide applications have contained the kudzu and kept it
from spreading across the mitigation site. There was a brush fire upstream of Daystorm
Road that caused the planted vegetation within buffer area to not meet vegetative
success criteria for the site in 2011. This area was supplementally planted in February
2012 and the site is now meeting vegetative success criteria.
2.4.3 Conclusions
There were five vegetation monitoring plots established throughout the buffer area. The
2012 vegetation monitoring of the site revealed an average tree density of 391 trees per
acre. This average is above the minimum success criteria of 260 trees per acre after
year five monitoring.
3.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
The UT to Lumber River Mitigation Site has met the required monitoring protocols for
channel stability and vegetative success criteria for the fifth formal year of monitoring.
The channel and structures throughout the stream are stable at this time.
NCDOT proposes to discontinue stream and vegetation monitoring at the UT to Lumber
River Mitigation Site.
4.0 REFERENCES
Wetland and Stream Mitigation Plan for UT to Lumber River; Robeson County, NC,
February, 2006
Rosgen, D.L, 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs,
Colorado.
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 2003. Stream Mitigation Guidelines. Prepared
with cooperation from the US Environmental Protection Agency, NC Wildlife
Resources Commission, and the NC Division of Water Quality.
APPENDIX A
CROSS SECTION COMPARISONS
&
LONGTITUDINAL PROFILE
Cross-Section #1 (Riffle) Abbreviated Morphological Summary
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Width (ft) 11.0 11.20 10.90 10.93 11.04
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 0.45 0.54 0.55 0.54 0.47
Width/Depth Ratio 24.44 20.74 19.73 20.24 23.49
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 4.98 6.03 5.92 5.86 5.13
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 0.75 0.88 0.94 0.84 0.82
Width of the Floodprone Area (ft) 53 56 56.83 55.25 54.61
Entrenchment Ratio 4.83 5.05 5.24 5.06 4.95
Cross-Section #2 (Pool) Abbreviated Morphological Summary*
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 15.31 15.05 15.12 16.89 17.45
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 1.92 2.06 1.97 2.17 2.16
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 1.09 0.84 1.06 1.09 1.15
Bankfull Width (ft) 14.0 17.92 14.25 15.44 15.2
* According to the Rosgen Classification of Natural Rivers floodprone width, entrenchement ratio,
and width depth ratio are not measured in pool, glide, or run features.
Cross-Section #3 (Riffle) Abbreviated Morphological Summary
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Width (ft) 9.4 11.40 13.71 11.4 11.69
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 0.49 0.53 0.57 0.61 0.55
Width/Depth Ratio 19.18 21.51 24.05 18.69 21.25
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 4.64 6.06 7.87 6.91 6.45
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 0.77 0.91 1.00 1 0.94
Width of the Floodprone Area (ft) 58 58 58 58 58
Entrenchment Ratio 6.17 5.09 4.23 5.09 4.96
Cross-Section #4 (Pool) Abbreviated Morphological Summary*
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 16.42 17.90 17.16 17.16 16.23
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 2.17 2.29 2.21 2.17 2.15
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 1.17 1.28 1.08 1.07 1.01
Bankfull Width (ft) 14.0 14.0 15.92 15.98 16.08
* According to the Rosgen Classification of Natural Rivers floodprone width, entrenchment ratio,
and width depth ratio are not measured in pool, glide, or run features.
Cross-Section #5 (Riffle) Abbreviated Morphological Summary
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Width (ft) 10.45 9.31 11.00 11.00 11.00
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 0.49 0.49 0.59 0.66 0.66
Width/Depth Ratio 21.33 19.0 18.64 16.67 16.67
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 5.11 4.52 6.51 7.3 7.3
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 0.85 0.73 0.93 0.97 0.97
Width of the Floodprone Area (ft) 63 63 63 63 63
Entrenchment Ratio 6.03 6.77 5.73 5.73 5.73
Cross-Section #6 (Pool) Abbreviated Morphological Summary*
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 22.71 19.06 19.54 20.06 23.32
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 2.15 1.99 2.03 2.1 2.31
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 1.23 1.03 1.06 1.07 1.3
Bankfull Width (ft) 18.50 18.50 18.45 18 18
* According to the Rosgen Classification of Natural Rivers floodprone width, entrenchment ratio,
and width depth ratio are not measured in pool, glide, or run features.
Cross-Section #7 (Riffle) Abbreviated Morphological Summary
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Width (ft) 13.0 13.0 12.8 13 13
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 0.8 0.79 0.75 0.82 0.8
Width/Depth Ratio 16.25 16.46 17.07 15.85 16.25
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 10.4 10.26 9.66 10.63 10.36
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 1.28 1.30 1.19 1.34 1.29
Width of the Floodprone Area (ft) 69 69 69 69 69
Entrenchment Ratio 5.31 5.31 5.39 5.31 5.31
Cross-Section #8 (Pool) Abbreviated Morphological Summary*
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 16.5 16.01 14.56 14.43 16.95
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 1.81 1.90 1.54 1.61 1.74
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 1.03 1.0 0.92 0.92 1.06
Bankfull Width (ft) 16 16 15.9 15.69 16.04
* According to the Rosgen Classification of Natural Rivers floodprone width, entrenchment ratio,
and width depth ratio are not measured in pool, glide, or run features.
Cross-Section #9 (Pool) Abbreviated Morphological Summary*
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 10.89 11.15 11.74 10.01 11.81
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 1.51 1.36 1.40 1.51 1.63
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 0.86 0.87 0.90 0.78 0.9
Bankfull Width (ft) 12.61 12.88 13.10 12.86 13.06
* According to the Rosgen Classification of Natural Rivers floodprone width, entrenchment ratio,
and width depth ratio are not measured in pool, glide, or run features.
Cross-Section #10 (Pool) Abbreviated Morphological Summary*
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 23.31 21.96 23.56 24.81 24.42
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 2.37 2.34 2.35 2.39 2.31
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 1.1 1.14 1.16 1.16 1.26
Bankfull Width (ft) 21.23 19.3 20.27 21.3 19.44
* According to the Rosgen Classification of Natural Rivers floodprone width, entrenchment ratio,
and width depth ratio are not measured in pool, glide, or run features.
Cross-Section #11 (Riffle) Abbreviated Morphological Summary
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Bankfull Width (ft) 12.76 12.57 12.56 12.69 14
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 0.86 0.76 0.83 0.87 0.82
Width/Depth Ratio 14.84 16.54 15.13 14.59 17.07
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2) 10.93 9.54 10.38 11.09 11.44
Maximum Bankfull Depth (ft) 1.3 1.16 1.23 1.27 1.35
Width of the Floodprone Area (ft) 44 44 44 44 44
Entrenchment Ratio 3.45 3.50 3.50 3.47 3.14
APPENDIX B
SITE PHOTOGRAPHS, CROSS SECTION, VEGETATION
PLOT & PHOTO POINT LOCATIONS
Cross Section #3 at Station 4+95.6
Cross Section #7 at Station 17+75.6
UT to Lumber River
Photo Point #1 (Upstream) Photo Point #1 (Downstream)
Photo Point #2 (Upstream) Photo Point #2 (Downstream)
Photo Point #3 (Upstream) Photo Point #3 (Downstream)
August 2012
UT to Lumber River
Photo Point #4 (Upstream) Photo Point #4 (Downstream)
Photo Point #5 (Upstream) Photo Point #5 (Downstream)
Photo Point #6 (Upstream) Photo Point #6 (Downstream)
August 2012
UT to Lumber River
Photo Point #7 (Upstream) Photo Point #7 (Downstream)
Photo Point #8 (Upstream) Photo Point #8 (Downstream)
Photo Point #9 (Upstream) Photo Point #9 (Downstream)
August 2012
UT to Lumber River
Photo Point #10 (Upstream) Photo Point #10 (Downstream)
Photo Point #11 (Upstream) Photo Point #11 (Downstream)
Looking Upstream from Daystorm Rd. Looking Downstream from Daystorm Rd.
December 2012
UT to Lumber River
Looking Upstream from lower end of project Looking Downstream from lower end of project
December 2012