verms two dollars per ammni in advance a ivertisementa inserted at 1 wr square for the first and 25 cents for each subsequent insertion court or peracharged •-!.") percent higher ■ j from the{n v albany cultivator agrictlture mu tucker as a science agriculture in dudes id all its branches a knowledge as ex tensive and as difficult completely to master as many ol the learned professions it is a field continually open lor new investigations nnd within a few years since men of learning have given iheir attention to it as a science ma nyare the advances which have been made to wards elevating it to a standard which it justly deserves there an doubtless many who are f ir excelled in some of its ramifications but rery few who have attained that perfection which places them beyond iii point of being '. it is a pursuit which offers lhe liberal mind opportunities for research and experiments which are denied bim in almost every other branch of science if he turns his attention to . after much severe toil and labor be is doomed to meet with disappointment having learned that the pei lection to which the science has already attained leaves no room ti bis re searches hut let him devote bis enthusiastic toil to agriculture and if he docs not make some important discovery be may go far towards ar ranging the thousand discordant acts which have been handed down from time immemorial it is to be regretted that ihere is not among the majority of farmers a more inquisitive spirit in regard to the nature of the objects with which they a re so intimately connected and from which expect to i'm ive not only their subsistence but their hope of gain the leading object of agriculture is to increase the quantity and im prove the quality of the productions of the soil and to do it with the least expenditure or in other words with the greatest profit without ing the soil iu order to accomplish thi we must resort to experiments and here again opens a wide and extensive field in con sequence of the great variety of soils experi ments in different kinds though nearly of the tame nature will not produce like results the leading principles of agriculture are ev er tin same : animal and vegetable matter af ter decomposition furnish food for plants while heat air and moisture aid in nutrition there is nothing practically considered which ne more towards improving the minds of a majoiity ol farmer lhan lhe circulation of a well conducted agricultural paper it is a means when contributed lo by able and practical far mers by which every man may derive new and useful information its contents are made up of tin results of the mosl careful observation and consists in itself of a general storehouse of knowledge from which all may draw something new and servicable it also furnishes a com mon iiit'iliiim for farmers to communicate and receive instruction thus enabling them to profit by the experience of each other among the list of agricultural papers none rank higher or have a greater circulation than the cultivator and it is only regretted that it does not make its friendly visits more frequently middlebury ft july 1846 h l sheldon improvement of worn out soils frum the ( idlivator ms tl ckeb — as every one has hi own pe ili.tr notions 1 have thought 1 would give you mi experience un the improvement of poor land about twelve months ago 1 read a work on calcareous manures by mr ruffin of virginia as well us i recollect the authoi lays it down as a fundamental axiom that poor land cannot be permanently improved by putrescent manures alone while mounted on a favorite hobby especially it he amides pleasantly and willingly we are too apt lo spur and flog tbe beast to death such is the enthusiasm with which this very respectable author has got astride of his bobby of calcareous manures that he is dis posed to undervalue all others it is an amia ble error he has fallen into and without at all underrating the true value of his favorite man ure i give you the result of my own experience about eight years ago i began to practice n»c enclosing system on an old field containing m 5kr%8 of barren sand nothing else rearing in the composition of the soil i should ay that five bushels of com to the acre would be the maximum under the best cultiva tion i ordered stock to be rigidly kept off it clothed itself the first year in a few sickly weeds 1 then cultivated it in corn and after husking on the land cm down the stalks and shucks and chopped them in three pieces giving i twelve months rest ; result a manifest improvement "• the growth of weeds i again cultivated in corn the crop much better but still producing not more than seven or eight bushels per acre i then followed the same plan of cutting down and resting the growth of weeds increased very perceptibly towards the last of winter i plowed in the weeds and in the spring planted w corn the crop yielding * en bushels per acre ; again cut down the talks uhich wpre succeeded by a dense growth of weeds plow ed them in as heretofore and planted one half in baden corn the other half oar common corn produce haden corn 24 bushels per acre ': i common do 12 bushels per acre again cut own the stalks which afforded an unusual par cel of litter to spread over the land ; and while am now writing i never saw a more luxuriant growth of rich weeds 1 intend planting again "• corn the ensuing spring and may reasonably calculate on an increase of one-fourth of the cro p and here you will pardon me for a little moralizing which i deem while on a subject 01 wu kind not at all out of place lere you see is land reclaimed from utter fc e v and made productive and this too by 9 extraordinary exercise of skill or iuduslrv the carolina watchman bruner & james ) editors f proprietors ] " *™ a '£££? "* swb rulers doih is ,, w i 1;ertv \ series gen i harrison j number 26 of volume iii salisbury n c friday october 23 1846 or i know that i am vet in my horn-book in he science of agricullure which is as much a cience as any of the learned professions ; but vhile i survey even my unskilfully cultivated iclds and enjoy the happy feelings which it in ! spires i run overwhelmed with gratitude to my ; maker who has so clearly indicated that true elicity consists in obedience to his will in acts a benevolence in subduing and cultivating the ioilj and in such avocations as are calculated o make us wiser and better men ; pointing to he gardens of epicurus and of shenstone rath r lhan die bloody fields of arbela and of aus eriitz - john d jones topsail new hanover co n c m a i der why is it that such a vast amount of money s annually paid by this to foreign countries for his article when we have a soil and climate so admirably adapted for its production ? there s no good reason why we should import mad ler any more lhan lhat we should import wheat 101 k or cheese it is one of the most sure and irofitable crops to which the american farmer an turn his attention it is not subject to be lestroyed by frost drouth insects or farm stock the demand for it is increasing in the same ratio with our manufactures james eaton of winfield herkimer county has cultivated madder for 18 years he has madder of three year's growth planted at lhe rate of 1.500 hills to the acre that will yield if dug the present fall over 3 lbs to the hill ; this he will not dig till a year irom this fall when it will yield 4 lbs or over to the hill — he has other madder which at 4 years growth will yield 64 cwt to the acre merchantable madder it may be well to give notice to the readers of the cultivator that he will be able to meet orders for seed the present fall it will be sold boxed and delivered at utica at 82 50 per bushel it requires g bushels to plant an acre plant on rich mellow dry land an acre of madder properly cultivated and of four years growth at 816 per cwt — the price he has obtained for his — will amount to over 8900 4 good cow — a correspondent at lyons n 1 ., informs us that he has a cow from which was made thirteen pounds of butter in 1 week — from 9th to 16th june her milk was grass-feed only and no extra pains were taken with the milk he further states that on the 20th of june lhe milk yielded by this cow weighed sixly-one and a half pounds the cow ran in a red-clover pasture she was got by a durham bull and her dam was a mixture of llolderness and teeswater blood the marriage question — at the recent session of the presbytery of fayetteville at tirzah church in this county the lon pending case of the rev mr mcqueen who was suspended in 1841 from the func tions of the ministry and from the com munion of the presbyterian church for marrying the sister of his deceased wife again came up and by a majority of four votes the rev gentleman was restored to his former position in the church a pro test and complaint however were enter ed by a portion of the minority under which the case was carried up to the syn od of north carolina at its session at greeiisborough last week 1 ay obs the cause of all mischief this is a random paragraph but like a ball sent a mong nine-pins it may or may not hit something or somebody people may talk of the sword — the pen the press — there is nothing in this world that does so much mischief as the tongue therefore al ways have a rare ot whom you speak to whom and what and where the little troubles of life arc not unfre quently more annoying than great mis fortunes and how many bickerings vex ations and contentions would be avoided if people would only reflect before they speak somebody has remarked that god has given tiro eyes two ears and one tongue in order that we may see and heat twice as much as we speak verb sup i la high reg istci bloody contest — w e hear that on sat urday evening last two men in the coun ty of perquimons caught a runaway slave lhe property of mr wilson mardre of that county who it appears was armed with a knife and inflicted several wounds which are considered mortal upon the person of samuel evans one of the men engaged in taking him ; he'iesisted to the last and would not give up until he was shot by one of the party the result of which was a wound with some fifteen buck-shot but it is thought that he will recover of evan's recovery we under stand there is no hope he havino been literally cut through in the lower part of the abdomen which rendered his intes tines visible he is under medical treat ment edcnton sentinel treasure found the barnstable patriot says two men belonging to nantucket discov erecl on the shores of that island a few days alter an o nusual j y , uv e ,, b ude ft heading showing itself a little above the surface ot the water which thev found on extricating it from its bed t contain 5000 spanish dollars it is thought to be a part of the cargo of a bri wrecked at that place more than fifteen years ago j j mexican affairs santa anna the new orleans delta of the 2d inst says the patria of yesterday pubiishes a letter from a new correspondent at ha vana dated sept 22 in which an extract of a letter from mexico to a respectable merchant in havana is given the let ter from mexico is dated sept 4 and is said to have been forwarded by one of the united states men-of-war on the gth or 7th we suppose it was the princeton as she was the last vessel that left vera cruz early in september wc here give the translation of the ex tract which will undoubtedly be perused with interest by the generality of our rea ders : " gen santa anna has at last arrived here i informed you in my last letter that since his arrival at encero he has been assiduously occu pied in directing manoeuvres extremely strange and mysterious to those who are not well in formed of the meshes in which this affair is en tangled gen ampudia — thtx " last card of the pack we may say in speaking of mexican generals — has been charged with the chief command of the defending army or rather the parallel division — which is the best name we can give to the troops gathered for the purpose of marching against the invading north ameri \ cans ampudia must be utterly ignorant of the complot in which he is at present mixed up ! because he is not a very brave man and it is ' believed that neither for money nor glory would be expose himself to undergo imminent peril in fact i believe that with the exception of three or four of the most elevated men among them gen'ls santa anna anil aimonte all the mexicans are ignorant of this plot and even i would not know it myself if an extraordinary circumstance had not presented itself to afford me the means of being initiated into the secret machinations gen santa anna obtained from the gov ernment of the united states a passport or safe conduct in order that commodore conner should not prevent him from binding at vera cruz this passport was given under condi tions and arrangements of a character extraor i dinarily machiavellian as far as i have been able to learn gen santa anna has engaged with the government of the united states to manifest publicly that he prosecutes the war with energy : but at the same time all his movements and every one of his operations must be by pre-arrangement with the government of the united states con i ducted in a previously understood manner for this purpose the mexican government will em ploy its officers and chief's of inferior military character and if it should be possible the troops of less value and importance with them in or der that it may be impossible for them to devise plans or eflect measures that could be detrimen tal to the army of the united states quarrels and skirmishes will take place between both parties but they will be so conducted on the part of mexico that no result favorable to the cause of mexico will follow from them through these operations mexico will lose several tjtousdnds of her inferior soldiers — and thus it will be partly freed of the plague which is knawing at the vitals of the country the party in the secret of affairs seeing these results and convinced at last that the united states troops will triumph they will come to the belief that it is not convenient to prosecute the war with that republic and it will then be unanimously decided by the mexi can people that an amicable arrangement ; should be entered into which will be done in a manner profitable lo the united stales santa anna's responsibility will be covered by this act treaties will be formed and a settlement of affairs will follow — the result of which will be that santa anna will be appointed president and dictator of the mexican republic lor a term of eight or ten years ; and mexico will be under the immediate protection of the united states and by them will be protected the ef fort will be made to keep things in this state during santa anna's life so that after his death several states may be formed which will be an nexed to those of the north american repub lic the californias will become separated from the very moment extraordinary privileges will be granted both to the commerce and the inhabitants of the union — emigrants from the states will be invited to and protected in mex ico and after all these important arrange ments and services rendered prepared by the benefactor of his country gen don antonio lopez de santa anna will meet with due re compense during the term necessary for the proper settlement ot all these operations it is a"reed that the principal ports of the mexican repub lic will remain under blockade by the u states squadron to keep alive and increase the disgust and loathing which it must naturally bring up on the sacrificed people and this will serve the purpose considerably of getting the sufferers to declare in favor of a new revolution and a pro nunciamento against the war and at that time an envoy extraordinary and minister plenipo i tentiary will be in readiness to take advantage of the moment and make his appearance in mexico with the olive branch and a pacific countenance the people will then raise the cry to admit him — to hear his propositions — and the remaining troops who by that time will have taken warning by experience from their lost comrades finding their force and number con siderably reduced will have neither valor nor spirit enough to oppose the will of the people : and then san'a anna taking good advantage of this opportunity showing his influence and in telligent tactics will obtain new allies and nu merous sympathies by aiding the wishes of all and he will then cause it to be explained in his customary style we suppose ' that hiscoh slant wishes were to male paece since the mo ment he saw il was too lale to make amends and overthrow the enemies of the nation what they had once been allowed to advance so far at ihe commencement foreign items a rather novel decision was come to two days ago by the civil tribunal of paris on an appli cation made by a female fir a separation from her husbanc an oculist of some celebrity but who has no fixed residence the round on which the wife sued for a separation was that the husband had not provided for her a domicile conjugal as : required by law the husband met the demand first by slating that his prac tice lay indifferent parts of france and that he was compelled to travel from place to place but that his wife could find at the hotels at which he put up al the advantages of a fixed domicile ; and secondly that as he and his wife were for eigners and their marriage had taken place at parma the french tribunals were not compe tent to entenain the question of separation — the tribunal considered the claim of the wife to a fixed domicile to be well founded but declar ed that before a separation can be legally pro nounced in france it must be granted by the tribunals of the country in which the marriage had taken place considering however from the dependant state of the wife upon the husband that she might not have pecuniary means to prosecute herdemand in parma the court order ed the husband to pay to her immediately a sum of 1,500 francs and to make her an allowance at the rate of 1500 fiancs a year for her sup port until the question shall be decided the culture of rice has been tried on the salt grounds at the mouth of the rhone and has succeeded perfectly this culture possesses the faculty of rendering the ground fit for any other kind of crop the rich convent of servites near prague has lately been destioyed by fire not a sin \ gle book of its extensive and valuable library could be saved a trieste letter of the 15th ultimo says : — the last accounts from jerusalem represent all palestine to be a prey to the horrors of fa mine caused by the rivers and streams being dried up at salet many persons had already perished from want of fond among the scholars who distinguished them selves at the late examinations at the school of the freres des ecoles chretiennes at passy was charles marie ab-del-kader of milinnah nephew of the great arab chief he distin guished himself iu sacred history and the histo ry of france gaining for the first a prize and for the second an accessit the dutch have recently proclaimed sam bas and i'ontiana on the island of kalamantan and rhin on battam to be free ports a ru mor moreover has reached europe that the moluccas arc immediately to be placed in the same category ; and if so wc may perhaps say that the state of things contemplated by the british plenipotentiaries who signed the cele brated treaty of 1824 has been at length in a great measure realized the league — the league having accom plished its primary object by the repeal of the corn laws is now devoting its expiring en ergies to realize a handsome provision for its leaders the chairman has had 10,000 vo ted him from the funds remaining and a sub scription is set on foot to obtain 100,000 for mr cobden mr plight is unwilling to be overlooked friend bright however is little likely to obtain the money he so eagerly desires his subscription according to present appear ances will prove a failure a letter from leghorn of the 22d inst states that the shocks of earthquake had ceased — the accounts received there from various quar ters carry the number of deaths to seventy and that of the wounded to one hundred and eight v above lour thousand persons have been depriv ed of shelter by the fallijig of their houses — subscriptions for the relief of the sufferers have been opened and the grand duke had come from pisa to visit the wounded in the hospitals when the troops were called out on the 28th ultimo to disperse the rioters who had attacked a baker's shop at vienna the crowd was so compact that it was impossible io penetrate without causing great disaster in this dilem ma the commanding officer adopted with suc cess the means used some years ago in paris he sent for a fire engine and as there was an abundant supply of water it was played wilh such effect that in a few minutes the rioters dis persed in every direction the emperor of russia has addressed a re script to the nobles of esthonia expressive of the satisfaction that he has derived from the readiness with which they have come forward to promote his views for the amelioration of the condition of the peasantry the wires of the electric telegraph connect ed with the munich and augsburg railroad have been covered with a coating invented by pro fessor stenheil of munich which possesses the i virtue of protecting them from lightning there by really tending to prevent accidents _ the count de paris on monday entered on his ninth year according to the law of suc cession to the throne his royal highness will attain his majority on the 24th august lsoij 1 he young prince enjoys good health is all for his age and resembles in features his lamented father his education has been mosl carefully attended to and he expresses himself with fa c.hty in german i,alj un , and french fc to r ce s ■> **- s cofxties 5 ? jr 1 anson 1073 506 9.^7 330 ashe 561 499 7117 52 5 beaufort 7 4-0 -.••:, 42 j bertie 507 40 498 350 bladen 271 400 302 391 brunswick 335 311 352 257 buncombe 875 490 951 431 burke 1263 309 1232 290 cabarrus 751 477 0-7 391 caldwell 514 260 651 222 camden 518 94 514 1 carteret 454 332 393 3 caswell 270 i 0 88 260 996 chatham 1153 701 nog 524 cherokee i _,*_> u 23a chowan 286 1 076 182 cleaveland 336 720 423 541 columbus 1-0 342 195 333 craven 0-1 622 691 591 cumberland 6(13 1(170 722 701 currituck 137 485 173 528 davidson 911 658 1004 ill davie 508 354 500 319 duplin jllj s b * ( ] 077 9n edgecomb 118 1110 127 1394 franklin 301 7 10 383 637 gates 359 381 353 j<)8 granville 976 985 1005 -:):' greene 253 199 331 330 guilford 111-20 403 1-07 3011 halifax 589 378 561 457 haywood 370 328 447 347 henderson 565 200 503 103 hertford 308 209 300 200 hyde 101 189 420 265 iredell 1527 379 1419 288 johnston 630 585 683 675 jones 105 153 218 169 lenoir 198 356 202 301 lincoln > 365 87 catawba $ j11 llin5 482 681 macon 393 285 457 300 martin 316 523 355 489 mecklenburg 808 1212 680 1035 montgomery 586 107 4 or moore r,-l 513 588 352 nash 70 700 95 827 new hanover 2-3 1101 257 948 northampton 511 362 515 408 onslow 178 553 210 626 orange 1750 1555 1711 1440 pasquotank 503 177 506 221 perquimons 300 217 417 242 person 2-7 622 , 302 516 pitt 607 ul ' 550 30 randolph 10-2 ;'. 1 1233 21 i richmond 07-s 113 715 ."> i robeson 550 509 575 527 rockingham 44q t-l 7 1«>1 rowan 00 736 820 698 rutherford 1402 436 1200 sm sampson 401 7^7 504 692 stanly 511 1 502 28 stokes 1105 1105 005 951 surry 1032 1023 110:1 1045 tyrrell 311 137 2 15 182 make 1073 1271 1060 llnl warren 127 710 161 010 washington 368 136 351 111 wayne 217 846 317 884 wilkes 1333 167 1350 128 vancy 310 615 440 522 42,586 30,433 34,156 40,128 graham's majority in 1814 is 3,153 in 1-40 78 51 financial derangement the state of things announced in the following paragraph from the latest num i ber of the st louis new era fulfils even earlier than was expected the predictions of those practical statesmen who in con gress and elsewhere endeavored to save the administration from the effects of its own wilfulness — for we cannot attribute the persisting in the subtreasury plan wholly to ignorance — in forcing its odious hard-money schemes through congress at tbe very moment that it was itself about flooding the country with paper represen ting only the credit of the government : — nat int " the financial officers of the govern ment have crowded the money market with their depreciated paper treasury notes and drafts and still the government's credit is very low treasury notes are at 4 or 5 pr ct discount and cannot be cash ed in large quantities at that rate the subtreasury law is openly and frequently violated in many respects by public offi cers and the present condition of allairs forcibly exposes that hard money humbug it is now manifest that it is utterly im practicable to carry out the hard money project and it is probable that the sub treasury will soon become a government bank plain talk.—m b lowry of craw ford county pa the democratic nominee for congre'ss in the 22d congressional dis trict in a letter giving his views on the tariff says : — " should i receive the nom ination and be elected to congress i shall vote for the repeal of mr mckay's tariff dill 1 will go farther should the elec tion for the next president as recent indi cations render quite probable be carried into the house i will not vote if a mem , cru n u n y suuther frr ° trade i*-mo crat nor for any northern man with southern feclin-.'s -*■- ™ the tariff we have before published tlie follow mg extracts from english journals rejoice jng over our tariff of*46 but it will do no harm to republish them looking at the benefit this democratic measure is expect ed to confer upon english and the injury that country sustained by a proper tariff judiciously discriminating with a view to the encouragement of american industry which party in the country should be re garded as favorable to british interests that which supports the former or lhat advocating the latter ' ofcourse the for mer : and as the 1 emocrats started the dis tinction of dritish and american be tween the parlies of this countrv it is but tan that they should acknowledge its pro pnety now and submit to be called brit ish democrats favoring a british ta riff the passage of the tariff in the united mates of america of which advices have just come to hand may be regard is the most important measure as affecting the interchange of the produc tion and manufactures of the two coun tries which has occured since the period of theik separa rion it is almost impossible to over ate the effect it will have upon the man ufacturing industry of this country en gland when we take into consideration that in spite ot the prohibitory tariff the i uited states has been the most impor tant outlet for our manufactures for ma ny years past from ihe manchester gaudon the favorable commercial news from the united states has at a'l events not ouly checked the downward tendency that has existed for the last three or four weeks but it has made the market what may be called firm whilst in printing cl tb of good quality there is an advance though a small one 1 '■- a iiie liverpool standard the new tariff of the united states although still highly protective of the na tive industry of the country is a measure which wiil be recieved with infinite satisfaction by the british merchant and manufacturer the general effect must be to increase the value of the american market to the british manufacturer whilst it may arrest the progress of the people of the eastern states in manufacturing skill notwithstanding the large margin of pro tection 25 per cent still left them interesting in relation to thi jews — the london jewish chronicle of june 12th publishes tbe contents of an interesting letter from jerusalem the brethren of the ten tribes i are to be hunted out and for this pur pose tha jews of england intend to exert a hearty co-operation with those settled in other lauds on the 16th of may a loiter arrived in london from the svnag tgufl authorities of sap peth saying that iu consequence ol important information having reached them as to the coun try where the brethren of the ten tribes are to be found a resolution was immediately passed to elect from among their congregation a man ready and capable tor a mission to that country they appeal to the jerusalem jews tor co-op eration and also to select in jerusalem one from the separdim portuguese jews and one from the ashkenaism centum and polish jews and to send the three messengers together who will have to travel several months through enor mous deserts it is 6aid that these ten tribes conelitutc an empire of their own king and possess great quantities of ammunition they are of high 9tature and have altogether an athletic appear ance they are generally occupied with the j of kabala are strictly religious and very wealthy being in possession of many gold mines they do not permit a foreigner to set tie among them : even the sojourn of a few days can be obtained only by the payment of an enormous lax with the < xception of israelites who are receive ! as friends permitted to re side among tbem and are altogether recogniz ed as their own brethren these synagogue authorities in jerusalem have consented to the mission though ihey will have to incur a heavy expense which so long a journey requires boston transcript new and vai.i tm.i discovery — we no ticed yesterday the discovery of a new prepar ation by dr morton which is intended to alle viate the sufferings of those who arc forced to undergo painful operations in surgery and den tistry as well as to facilitate the work of ope rators i he effect ot this new discovery is lo throw the patient into a state of insensibility and while unconscious any operation can be performed without occasioning pain we aro told by a gentleman of the highest respectabil itv lhat he witnessed an experiment of the use of this most extraordinary discovery atthe rooms of dr morton one evening last week an ul cerated tooth was extracted from the mouth of an individual without giving him the slightest pain he was put into a kind of sleep by in haling a portion of this preparation tho effects of which lasted tor about three quarters of a minute just long enough to extract the tooth — this discovery is destined to make a great rev olution in tbe arts of surgery and burgicalden tistry — boston transcript large ear of corn mr jos young residing near port tobacco md has shown the editor of the port tobacco times an ear of corn raised on his farm having on it over one thousand grains — it was of the oregon species the seed procured from the patent office al l kinds of blanks neatly printed and for aleat thi -> otlrte