Carolina Watchman

              . _,,„. two dollars per annum in advance * jyer t__emcn_a inserted at sl per square for the first ' r cents for e.ieh subsequent insertion court or 25 percent higher induction of 33 per cent will be made to those ll advertise by the year congress first session . ondence of the baliimore american washington dec 4 1845 united states senate fhr journal bavin been read thr president i before t lie senile a communication from . gecretary of war in reply to a resolution y j!i nf march inst calling upon that nffi r f 0 r information relative to the enlargement .,;,. forts and military posts on lake huron 1 7 was laid on the table and ordered to lie j'hf president having left the chair il was oc pied by mr sevier of ark mr bagby of ala asked leave to withdraw . papers from the tiles of the senate which .. granted jr breese of ii called up the resolution ,.,, lul'in offered by bim to suspend su much r.f .. . llih rule as requires the election ofthe landing committe s by bal ot and jive the ap n_f_ic.it thereof to tbe president ofihe sen mr mangum of n c said that ho had in • jrt iln lio|x rom a suggestion mad hy him re terday t the mover of lhe resolution that it i not be piessed upon tbe senate lie , j ni personal objection to the action of the president of the senate and did not know ihat : would vary the character ofthe committees tve ihem appointed by him — hut be consid 1 ibe resolution as taking from tbe senate a f*r which rightfully belonjistoit and bv iv -,_. ihat power loan offi.-er not responsible tn it ,, senate not only abdicates its rightful privi _' . iiiit lowei s its dignity mr allen of ohio said that before replying in senator from north carolina be desired ay that this resolution emanated from no aliens of ibe democratic meml.ers ofthe sen lie,and was the dictate of no parly mr al n then proceeded to the question of responsi bly and contended that the vice president ilthoufzh not responsible to the body over which he presides bad a much higher responsibility — be nas responsible lo the states and to the peo ; pl mi breece said tiiat in submitting his reso ; lution lie did not suppose tlmt any opposition to 11 would be excited it was not bis intention lo rescin i the 34tb rule — a rule which he high ly approved of as it gave lo the senate the pow t>r to appoint its standing committees — a pow er which it wa desirable should be exercised when the political opinions of the presiding of iverwerc nol iu accordance with those of a ma jority of that body my benton followed in opposition to tbe re i inlulion and upon the question being put mr i mangum demanded the yeas and nays wbich were ordered and the resolution was lost — ayes 20 noes 21 on moiion of mr mangum tbe senate re : v.i.'d to proceed the election of tbe standing [ committees on mondav next the resolution offered yesterday by mr speight was taken up and adopted mr evans of maine gave notice of his in tention to introduce sundry bills thr senate then adjourned over to monday bouse of representatives the speaker anounced the business in order in lie the resolution of the gentleman from ; georgia,(mr cobb regulating the selection of feats mr bayly of va said he was profoundly ig niiranl ofthe subject of priming and he asked lo be excused from serving on the committee onthat subject tbe house granted tbe re q-egt contested seats mr cobb of ia moved for the considora inn nf ihe resolution offered by bim on tucs toy last proposing lhat the seats be taken by lottery and lhal the clerk draw for the mem iter objections were made lotheconsideration the resolution l.ut the previous question was moved nnd seconded upon it mr gentry raised an amusing point of order tnich was the 39lh rule prohibiting any mem mr from voting upon any question in which be m immediately interested every was mem it interested in lhis question of seats and there rf was not qualified to vote upon it lhe speaker overruled lhis objection and al io one or two raised upon the constitutional pmind of tested rights possession c a motion was (|,,.„ made to lav the resolution pontile table and lost—ayes 88 noes 113 lhe yeas and nays were then ordered upon ™ adoption ofthe resolution and the vote was 107 to 77 he execution ofthe order was then com kneed amidst manv interruptions at the bsestion of one ofihe members all rose and withe seats vacant and as the names were read ty'heclerk selections weie made the mem *■*" displayed great eagerness to obtain the p'w which were r.s iu most lotteries few spared with lhe blanks mr adams's name as among the last read but through the cour y ol the house no one chose bis usual seat ne names having all been gone through jth the house proceeded to the consideration 01 her business i owen of la gave notice that be would nit future day introduce a bill in relation 1 m smithsonian institute mr giles of md moved that ten thousand ofthe president's message be print mi-of such portions ofit as relate to mexico .'' lexas ije considered this portion of the '-•-• i e as immensely important and as the r ilt*nt of the i'nited states bad invited the nipst attention of congress to the subject as we could not be placed in possession of * e documents and message before the end of b e jl r m '". "* e hoped that the extra copies would * urnished at the earliest practical mo on v was ' m l n,,ant hat what was said up ,""*<• subject of mexico and texas should be j at home and abroad ton • m ' ) '" n nvas ma *« hy ay of amendment . print three thousand copies ofthe message n jj e nan which was lost iiat on iv '" % ' °' '^' a " move as an amendment secret extfa co p iea of thn report ofthe lidergj 1 ? "' ' ll0 treasury be printed heeon n e j a lost extraordinary report — extra i fa c . ! lotn i,s cogent reasoning and from the cai-ugf rtas the first document that ever ins tot 1 j trcas v department approxima 2 ) the doctrines of free trade congreso there i i p ° n his sub j e c at least he hoped the ei , l,c some action upon it and that ra copies would be ordered | the carolina watchman bruner & jajies > editors 4 proprietors \ " keep a all vocr ( new series rulers do this and liberty < gen'l harriton { number 34 of volume ii salisbury n c december 19 1845 mr hopkins of va said that tbe usual num , her of extra copies was ten thousand and though the document was an important om he hoped that no more would he ordered mr siewart of pa like tbe member from alabama regarded the ques'ioii as important and he desired to test the strength of the house upon the question of printing 20 000 copies of an acknowledged frco trade document a warm debate was here likely to spring up whir-h however was put an end lo by a motion bom mr kennedy of la tn adjourn carried — ayes 101 noes not counted and the house adjourned at half past three until monday next from the ba'timore american the u s treasury report we shall refer to-day to that portion only of this document which relates to the tarill the secretary is a special plead er acute and ingeniouson particular points his scope of vision does not seem to cover ; a large field at one view in looks at ob jects in detail his faculty of analysis appears to be greater than his power of combination he uses a microscope well ; but a larger instrument would be rather unwieldlv in his hands the basis ofthe secretary's reasonings against the protective system is simply this that protective duties operate exclu sively for the benefit ofa particular class the manufacturers and that they are con sequently a tax upon the rest of the com ' munity if lhis position be sound there may be defenders of the system but we j are not of the number the position is not sound ; it is wiihout j foundation it is utterly fallacious let us hear the secretary state his as \ siimed axiom at least two thirds of the taxes says the report imposed by j the present tariff are paid not into the trea i sury but to the protected classes the revenue from imports last year exceeded twenty-seven millions of dollars this in itself is a heavy tax ; but the whole tax imposed upon the people by lhe present tariff is not less than eighty-one million of dollar — of which twenty-seven millions are paid to the government upon the im ports and fifty-four millions to the protec i ted classes in enhanced prices of similar ' i domestic articles again the same view is presented : " if the marshal so runs the phraseology " were sent by the federal government lo coilect a direct tax upon the whole people to be paid over to manufacturing capital ists to enable them to sustain their busi ness or realize a larger profit it would be tbe same in effect as the protective du ty which when analyzed in its simplest ! elements and reduced to actual results is j a mere substraction of so much money i from the people to increase the revenue ofthe protected classes we are further told that lhe number of manufacturing capitalists who derive ! the benefit from the heavy taxes extracted by the tariff from twenty millions of peo ple does not exceed ten thousand against lhe protective system then as thus defined the secretary makes unre lenting war he arrays himself as tin advocate of the many against the few of the poor against the rich of the laborer against the employer and with such odds of numbers on his side if he only had sense and justice and reason he would be invin cible has the secretary ever considered the question how or why protective duties first came to be laid iu this country — wen ihey established by the influence of tbe manufacturing interest . there was no such interest when the first memo rial went trom the city of baltimore to the first congress signed by mechanics and artizans asking for protection did over grown capitalists prompt the movement . was george washing ion the dupe of a moneyed few when he recommended en couragement to domestic industry and signed the first bill extending protection to manufactures is no sentiment of pat riotism no principle of sound policy to be imputed to jefferson when he declared that our manufacturers must be put side by side with our farmers or in 1821 did general jackson speak as the mouth piece of monopolists when he wrote lo dr coleman that the best way to benefit the agriculturist was to extend his home market by rearing up a manufacturing population on our own soil ? no that patriotic feeling that senti ment of independence which prompted the struggle for political freedom in se venty-six gave rise to the first organiza tion ofthe policy ot protection to ameri can industry we were free in name on ly while the shackles of commercial sub jugation bung around us what was the lesson taught us by the war of 1s12 ? — let the tariff of 1816 answer the wars of the french revolution and of napoleon involving all europe had thrown a large carrying trade into our hands our mea sures of protection for home industry suf ficient to indicate the policy were yet slight and imperfect because the condi tion ofthe european world rendered fur ther measures oi that kind unecessary — but the experience of three years of hos tilities ending in 1815 and the cessation \ of war in europe demonstrated in a man ner too forcible to be overlooked the true policy of this republic in that particular yet at this very moment when the pre sident ofthe u states is appealing to the national spirit and to the patriotic feeling i i the strongest of all feelings in the amtri i can bosom ; while he is assuming a posi tion of independence almost of defiance as to the nations ol europe and to the most powerful one of ihem especially warning them that the great republic stands alone as the guardian of its own destiny ; at this very moment his secreta : ry of the treasury seeks to strike away ihe basis of our self-sustaining strength and to bind anew ihose chains of depen dence upon foreign countries which the genius of our nationality would shake off ■ mistaken interpreter ofthe public sen , tiini-nt ! you have coldly felt the pulse of the american people your appeals i to social prejudices to class jealousies to tbe pretended rivalry of interest — the com mon staple of demagogues on the build ings — will he overpowed and lost in the grand resounding lone which rises as rise , it must when the true patriotic chord in the heart of lhis nation is struck the time is at hand when the american re public must stand on a basis all its own and he sure ol every part of it it can look for no sympathies from monarchical europe : it must journey alone on the high road to its destiny let us then beware of those dangerous alliances of trade which ; would entangle us in lhe meshes of for ! eign policy ; which would establish our i workshops in europe and render us de j pendent on foreign labor for articles ofl daily use which our own artizans and i manufacturers can furnish as well rut we need not refer merely to the ex ' perience of our country which prompted to the establishment of the protective pol i icy we have had experience the other way also the beau ideal of mr secre tary walker's fancy lhe full consumma tion of bis theories and abstractions has been realized in all its beauty and excel lencc fortunate indeed ! the inde.fati gable zeal which prompted the restless ; secretary to collect information from all quarters except those where he could get { the best as to the probable consequences ofthe overthrow ol protection may be gratified by a slight retrospect all his i interrogatories sent through the post ollice ' to all parts ofthe country may find their ! full answer in the annals of mr van bu j ren's administration what need ofthe j ories.doctrines deductions — when one can bave realities and facts ? whence came ! the prostration of the country during that ; memorable epoch of low duties and free importations what caused the indebt edness of our merchants abroad to the a ! mount of hundreds of millions for which specie was drained from the country ? — ! how came the present national debt into ' existence . why were the treasury notes issued by millions to meet the expenses of j the van buren administration ? how ! happened it that drafts of the government s for inconsiderable sums lay unpaid and dishonored because of an empty treasury ? look back to that period of humiliation and shame we beg of you men in power and contemplate it well before you en force measures to restore its abominable features again the same party now holds the reins of government are they not satisfied wiib having once destroyed the national prosperity . are they in love with ruin .' mr walker says that the j wages of labor were not increased by the tarill of 1812 does he mean that asser tion to be believed .' will he tell how many laboring men there were just be fore the enactment of that tariff without any wages i nil i when the secretary argues that the rest of lhe community are taxed for the benefit of the manufacturers to the ex tent which he pretends his reasoning is based on the assumption "" that the duty is added to the price ofthe import and altso of its domestic rival this is a favorite dogma ofthe " bundlecunct school of po litical economists and it might be a very good one if facts did not contradict it — a misfortune which attaches to most of the assumptions of that school — instead of adducing instances in which the above maxim is not true we beg to know a sin gle instance in which it is true do we hear any complaint ol the high prices of goods caused by the tariff or is all the nation as mr barnwell khett assured his constituents they were — the most oppress ed people under the sun yet they did not know it the secretary is kind to give lectures on misery — to awaken the people to a knowledge of their own sufferings which he feels more keenly than they do he is like the eloquent lawyer who re counted the grievances of his client in such touching words that the latter burst into tears and declared that he had not before known he was such a miserable man '• the occasional fall in price says mr walker " of some article after a ta rilf is no proof that this was the eft'ect of the tariff because from improved machi nery diminished prices of the raw mate rial or other causes prices may fall even after a tariff but they would in such ca ses have fallen much more but for the ta riff it might have occurred to mr walker that the fall in price of protected articles not " occasional merely but the natural result of protection — if he had considered the true principle upon which our protec tive system is based that principle is not to build up artificial interests for the benefit of monopolists ; it is to build up no interest for which there is not a natur al foundation iu the resources and pro 1 . i ; auctions of tbe country it presumes a ' confidence in native ingenuity and indus try that when the raw material is at hand ' we shall be able iu a short time to man ufacture so well and so cheaply astoren j der the protective duty no enhancement of the price at all that this result bas followed in many instances is known ev ery where except at the treasury depart ment the secretary affirms " that the state ! of ohio indiana illinois if cultivated to ; iheir fullest extent could of themselves raise more than sufficient food to supply the entire home market yet he would : have the manufacturers turned into far , mers the exuberance of our agricultur al productions is one strong reason why other pursuits should be encouraged we , may get access to loreign markets in ca 1 ses of great scarcity abroad but for tbe most part our farmers bave to rely upon , ; the home market even when england imports flour the baltic countries near at hand can supply her before we can — un less there be a scarcity as at present in the latter but we have not room for farther comments on the treasury report just now — late from europe i the arrival ut boston ofihe steamship cam bria from liverpool fumwhes accounts from europe li!ie#n days later than before received amonj her passengers is professor morse the inventor ol ihe electro-magnetic telegraph who is the l»earer of despatches to govern ment from lhe united states legations in prus j sia belgium and england mr morse has in ; charge lhe ratified treaty between bavaria and the united states transmitted by mr wheaton j our minister at berlin ; and also the proposed commercial treaty between belgium and the i united states he has also despatches for the ; department of state and for the postmaster ' general from mr mclane our minister in ' england rufus prime esq of new york also came j passenger in the cambria and i the bearer of despatches from lhe united states legation in paris to the department of state in england the grain market had been well sustained but it does not appear that prices of flour and grain had actually advanced the j cotton market remained about the same as at ! our last accounts meetings have lieen held in ireland to take into consideration tbe state of the potato crop of the country ; and resolutions were passed and submitted to sir r peel asking for the open ing ofthe ports the stopping of the distillation . of grain and the granting of a loan of a mill j ion and a half to supply tbe present necessities i of the people the railway speculations had very gener ally subsided and it is said that the amount of money actually diverted from the usual chan nels of trade is extremely small ; which circum stance has to some extent tended to quiet the [ money market the bank of england had raised the rate of discount to 3 percent marshal soult the french minister of war has resigned and general saint you has been appointed successor tbe accounts irom algeria show that the french are still busy making the most ample preparations fir tbe subjugation of the inhabi tan s the king ofihe belgians has been opening the chambers in a speech which makes men lion of a commercial treaty with the united slates ; but the details of tbe treaty havo not appeared the state of the potato crop anil the sufferings wbich it is feared the belgians will endure in consequence are to be provided for the king suggests by employing the poor on public works the new tariff of the zoll-verein has been published but has excited litlle attention in en gland as regards the united states the in creased duties will not affect lhe importations the transit duties on cotton bave been reduced by lhe hanoverian states advices from st petersburg of the 4th no vember state that the latest news from the cau casus is of more favorable character than had previously been r?ceived the emperor was in italy witb bis wife and daughter and do ling his absence nothing of importance could be transacted the news by the cambria tbe " journel of commerce states on lhe authority of an intelligent merchant of tbe city of new york who has been spending the last eight months in europe and bad the best op portunities of observation that tbe excitement in england was universal against lhe united state on the subject of oregon the govern ' ment was making the most vigorous prepara tions for war and unquestionably with refer ence alone to the oregon dispute ; as with fiance and all tbe nations of europe sbe is without controversy on any subject a very large contract had been made among other things for military clothing in canada indeed it was said that lhe government were determin ed upon tbe necessity of settling the difficulty without further delay the same paper further states that •' the opin ion of the passengers to whom the president's message was read on board lhe cambria was that it would very much increase lhe excitement in england and increase the difficulty of an amicable settlement tiie english market for breadstuffs ; it seems that tbe government of great brit ain has come to the conclusion no to open lhe ports for the free admission of grain al present it is inferred from lhis that bad as things are in that country they are not quite so bad as has been represented the european times says that tbe tine wealher which has ruled in tbe , country during the last fortnight has enabled the ■ farmer to take tbe best precautions for arresting ! the disease to which the potatoes are subject and much good has been done in lhe way of sav ing what was thought to bave been irrecovera j ; biy lo t the saint paper savs : " the corn market continues to rise and the averages lo fall tbe hitler now stand tbr the : week at 14s ; but the belief is gaining ground 1 lhat before the end of the year wiib the advanc ing market corn wi.l e admitted at tbe lowest i duty — a shilling per quarter the inferior de scriptions continue to keep down lhe averages but only for a temporary period tbe quantity of flour coming from the united states to this country has been most absurdly exaggerated in some of the journals in spain the cortes are convoked f.r the loth the cabinet it is said will be sure to have an imposing majority throughout the ses sion tbe harvest in spain has been abund ant and general surprise is fell that the eng lish government does not send there forthe sup plies of which it has need in preference to fiance germany or russia the mammoth steamer — tbe steamship great rrilain which left new york on the 28th october arrived at liverpool on the morn ing of the ll.th ofthe fidlowing month having made lhe passage in nineteen and a half days two days after leaving new york something was ibutid wrong with the propeller wbich was striking lhe stern-post verv bard the engines were reversed and afier two or three good thumps lhe aim broke off the ship then con tinued on her way witb low steam lor two days more when another ofthe arms ofthe propeller broke leaving only one and the arm of another the most was then made of the sails and the propeller was just kept from dragging on the 6th of novemlier lhe lemaining arm of ibe pro peller broke leaving only the half arm the steamer consequently performed a great part of her passage by means of her sails which per formed admirably mons mongf.l a french engineer has re ceived orders from the viceroy of egypt to com mence the stupendous work ofthe barrage of the nile the estimated cost is three millions of dollars the paris itfouiteur publishes a long ordin ance establishing a jewish consistory at al giers with provincial consistories at oran and ; constantina whose joint authority is to extend to ali the jews in algeria the ordinance al so decrees the creation of schools and sallesd , asile in algeria for the jews of both sexes hudson ray produce — the annual impor . tations into england of furs and skins by the hudson's bay company has just taken place one of their vessels tbe prince albert arrived at london iu the beginning of last month and the other vessel the prince rupert arrived a few days previously with immense cargoes of i every description ofthe most valuable furs and skins of animals french cruisers for the coast of africa — in a few days says a late paris paper one ol the vessels lo form the french squadron on the coast of africa to act in conjunction with the english cruisers f.r lhe suppression ofihe slave trade will lie ready fir sea at cherbourg she is named l vlieille is a very beautiful model and was built at cherbourg a short time since she carries 11 guns and has a complement of 1*20 men her linings are superb the govern ment of france providing every thing even to a carpet for tbe commander's cabin mortality of the rritish troops in china — in 1843 tbe regiment had 400 men stationed at amov where ihey lost 73 men and two officers at hong-kong nearly one-third of the british garrison died in 1843 the british command er general d'autilar has declared ihat to re lain hong-kong it will require the loss of a whole regiment every three years and lhat to bave 701 effective men it is necessary to main tain 1.400 the grave-yard at hong-kong was soon tilled and another was required from the surveyor general who found it difficult to point out a proper spot we learn from paris papers that tbe porte bas agreed to give an indemnity of 70 000 pias ters to fiance for tbe pillage ofthe two convents during the late insurrection in syria and also an indemnity fir the expenses of the french who were compelled to quit lhe lebanon by lhe order of chekib-effendi on this subject tbe malta times has the following from its constantinople correspondent dated tbe 27th ultimo : " since my last the porte has been obliged to yield to the demands of m de boiirqueney though supported by the common judgment ul tbe four powers against the french ambassa dor lhe turkish ministry could not prudently have braved the ultimatum of the representative of france m de boiirqueney bad signilied in an official note his intention to withdraw himself to some distance from this capital and there await the further instructions of bis gov ernment in case his demands were not com plied wilh ; and as he was really on the point of putting lhe threat having received a third refusal from the porte into execution lhe min isters of the sultan consulted with sir stratford canning and m tetoff as to what was to be done in this emergency both lh>-se amr.a_.sa dore ga*ra their distinct approbation to the line of conduct tbe porte had pursued on tbe ques lions at issue but as neither of them would guaranty tbe turkish cabinet in the name uf bis government from the consequences of a further resistance to m de bourq'ieney ihe porte could not hold out longer the french ambassador being thus fully satisfied agreed to modify one of his demands the druse chief is not to be tried anew but only to be [ brought to this capital in order to be examined as to the attack ofthe druses on the convent ol : abeva during the late insurrection in lhe moun tain all the other requirements of france indemnity of losses real or alleged french sub jects may have sustained by quitting their re sidences in the lebanon and lhe arbitrary claims fir repairs or rebuilding such french convents and establishments as may have been damaged or destroyed by the druses in lhe late civil strife of the two tribes are lo be at once and wiihout investigation submitted to it is doubted however whether this triumph ol m i de bourquency has not been too dearly purchas j ed it will surely be a matter of rejoicing in | france ; but the disgrace it will bring upon ! french diplomacy in all the cabinets of europe i will more than counterbalance this advantage or any other that may for a brief season lie ac j quired by proceedings so arbitrary so unjust , and so glaringly in contempt nf nr principal ) powers of europe as those by which m de , bourqueney has in this instance illustrated his ', diplomatic career from liberia regular files nf africa's luminary publish ' ed at monrovia to the 25th of september have been received at yoik by way of bermu da tbe luminary of september 10 gives lhe par ticulars of the seizure of king glass's territory | on the galioon river by a french biig of ivar in the name uf ihe king of the french what led lo this act is thus stated i*i recent intelli gence received irom an a neriean missionary : " about eighteen months sine • a french ship of war arrived off kin i!;is s lown and pro posed to purchase lhe couniry the king refu sed to seii soon after il.e king was visited by an agent ofihe french >-. 111.11 ind<*r though unknown as such ) and being plied with intox icating liquors mini bunk was then presented wilh what the a__.*iit said w is a friendly letter to the king ofihe french inviting him to send his vessels lo tin galloon tiv.-r to trade lass was induced lo sign ibis letter this docu ment however proved to lie a deed f hi coun try to the french ; and under ibis deed they threatened to lake immediate possesion ot iho country gla>s remonstrated and sent a pro test and explanation to l mis philippe and queen victoria english merchants interest ed themselves in the affair and il was hoped lhat the french government would disown the doings of iheir naval agent when apprized of the circumstances of the case but recent •* venls have disappointed all our hopes a french naval force arrived in lhe gaboon river early iu the summer and deintnded possession ofihe territorv a itom'tardmenl nl the t..wu followed a refusal to surrender and the ini-s binary premises were not exempt from ibis at tack the general re.-ull was lhat the inhab itants of the town were driven away and all missionary operations suspend d the luminary announces thai capt canot has induced the kings nf cape mount to sign a treaty with commodore buudice command er ofihe french squadron n lhe west cast of africa for the s ippressi n of the slave-trade j on thai river a*i i it i s>tj.p-.*ej apt canot will be rewarded by t'n french government with lhe cross of the l -_\ ill of ii hum il is also expected that alihou_.h the chiefs f g.tlli , nas bave directly refused to eiitet into any treaty : with commodore jones of ibe british steamer : penelope they will on the return of the french commodore from the leeward enter into a coin : mercial treaty which it m-i directly lending to the entire abolition of lhe lave made will bring a severe blow upon thai abominable traf : fic * ' , dai/s without nights and nights without dai/s — dr e lini is delivering 111 interest ing course of lectures it 1 in ford c of one of which the times lias lhe following notice : there is nothing that stri a stranger more forcibly if he visits sweden nt the season of the year when tbe days aro longest than the absence of night dr b had no conception of it before bis ar rival he arrived at stockholm from gottenburg 400 miles distant in tbe morn ing and in the afternoon went to see some friends — bad not taken notes of time — and returned about midnight ; it wns as light as it is here half an hour before sun down you could see distinctly but all was quiet in the streets ; it m eined as if t lie inhabitants bad gone away or were dead no signs of lite — stores closed — tbe sun in june goes down at ts ockbolm a little before 10 o'clock there is a great illumination all night as ibe sun passes round the earth towards the north pole and the refraction of its rays i such that vou can see to read il midnight dr b read a letter in the forest near stockholm at midnight without artific.il light there is a mountain at llu bead of llu i ill of b iiliuia where on the 21sl june tbe sun does not go down at all travellers go up there to see it a steamboat goes up from st ockbolm lor tin purpose of cany ing those wbo are curious to witness the phe nomenon it only occurs one night the sun goes down to ibe horizon hi can see the whole lace of it and in live minutes il begins to rise at the north cape lat 12 l.*grcrs the sun does not go down fur several weeks in june it would be aliout 25 degrees a bove the horizon at midnight tbe way the people know it is midnight they si e the sun begin to rise the changes iu tbose high latitudes from summer to win ter are so great thai we can have no con ception of them at all in the winter time the sun disappears and is not seen for six weeks then it come md shows it face afterwards it remains for ten fifteen or twenty minutes and then descends and finally it does not set at all bul makes almost a circle round the heavens dr bail i was asked how tbey managed in regard to hired per-sons and wbat ibey considered a day .' he could not say but supposed tbey worked bv the hour and twelve hours would l considered a day's work birds and animals take their ac customed rest at their usual hours the the doctor did not know bow thev learn ed the time but ihey had and go tu rest whether lb sun goes down or no the bens take o the trees about 7 o'clock p m and stay there until the sun i well up in the morning and lhe people get into this habit of late rising loo the lirst morning dr baird awoke in stockholm he was surprised to see the sun shining into his room he looked at bis watch and found it was only 3 o'clock ; and ihe next time he awoke it was a o'clock but there were no persons in lire tr rlr i he people are not in lhe habit of rising so soon tbe swedes in tbe cities are not very industrious owing probably to lhe climate