carolina watchman skmi-wkkki.y vol xix salisbury n (?., june 18 1861 numijki 1 j 1 brunbr editor and proprietor terms py tt,00 s.|lil 16.00 i i'i ■• ; . ■• ten m t be same pro i.niion l..nl earn ravinent always in ice from the itnidon fjiiiuiuer april 27 1 1 tton srrivv a ilincii on ou cotton supply by tin . v of aits which we mid fully !<• ported in the i a i mono r t the s ,, t . \ journal <■ pres-'nts m the best form the va riotis opinions current on the subject ' speculative it quireis manufacture turn en alive o all ivgiish interests con i met t dttdum one ol the uicst im ' nl i fl i ni questions if ;|||. ,|,| . . \\' ,. i i.e e f i cui time 10 time give u our owti view of tlie h vj : ; ■ nd 9i _ ii iw propose • im i plv to v vo nn epilotii of the whoh aign | taeiit as the d'cite m the society ol arts i has fairly represented ijt sketching tins s , k ti argument f the hitro'due'torv paper and n,-\t wuek giving an iinj ai t i.tl ! ibstr tcl of the arguments adduocd against i it tlie discitssion w--is introduced bv a pa per ivotii mi j ,. hn crawford late govern or of t-uugapote cotton he said was lis to i litnlu «, an and a uieriea where it had cloth d indians in tho days f colt eg 1 has spread from ttiose'couu erica io it thin 85 degree awa from the equator iie.1 will tiouri_.li in many dill'rr , ut varieties of soil • if all greal staple aitioles ol cultivation except m.i,._e and tobacco it has the widest gn.^iaphiral range but for the cheap and rathdienl luctioti ofa pet tiiaii.-tit supply of good cotton c i ia a ondiiioas are mr craw ford argued indispensable " a propitious climate a suitable toil land free from heavy iinpostt whelhei in the shape of rent or ; ix a sufficient supply of labor a skilful i i enterprising husbandry cheap and asv transport with igotfurumeot i bat am i ly secures life property and liberty — 1 ln-se in said are found to exist in the largest proportion in the southern states o tiie american unl in they produce a year'i crop of the worth of fotiy million's sterling and furnish us out of it with sev euty eight per cent f the quantity and eighty one per cent of the alile of our whole supply ths extent of land capable of growing " ti in those states exceeds by ten thou sand square miles the whole area of eng land apd wales but of this immense stir face little more than a sixth part is now tinder cultivation there can be fivefold increase of the supply said mr raw ford by the occupation of the virgin land without auy increase of the cost and if t lowance he made for improved systems ol agriculture that estimate is loo low — v;neu the day when it was first cultivated lor export ann r can cotton has not risen hut fallen in puce whitney's saw gin and the pu-hiug of the cultivation into u7 ler mg ons have bee the main causes i the fall in pi ic in 1793 lhe price of upjand georgia was about 2ld a pound now it is about 5d the ctiltiyation has o ■• n iu tin bauds of an energetic euro pean race an ollsnojt tiotu england work ing in co-opet atioti with the mother coun try liutfot our i u veil th ms our enterprise aiel our industry the cotton of america would never have reached the value of vo 000,000 a year nor without tho plant ed colonies would the value of our mauu t aetures hav reached sixty millions having thus stated the grounds of con li li lice in s_{pply from the southern states mr crawford tuiiied to the grounds lor existing hisi.a;i,_.ii and di-trust what if there should coine a murrain like the vine or pot ito disease on american cotton .' — ui reply is that the potato and vine are ex es in europe cotlou is an indigenous plant uf north america as it is of india here front time miinemoiial ivoenideinii is known 10 have attacked its nviiat if th n should be an iiisiii-ie,-tir,n »:' the slaves his reply is that tins |* urtl i ly the masters are the superior far iir tw',1 to one are orgh«ixed and have the power the haiti msuirrcticin was no case in point fur there the masters were in a minority and w.-re divided among tleraselves while the struggle was ifiied on ina climate and locality favor a ble to the slaves and fatal to tbe masters but what will be tho effeot of tbe high and increasing cost of slave labor . mr crawford's reply is time the abundance bl fertile laud seem to have more than coun terbalanced this as it has more than coun terbalanced in the northern stater the ostly labor of freemen lastly what of tin ne revolution now fairly passed into bostilitie by the mooes llll attack uli fori siiiiili i / tin tidily is tlint ui:iy caitm letnporurj inconvenience inn tin south lives v cotton us the north by emu ; lha culture of llie crop is indis i ible while we cap nnv for cotton | wi may rest certain sm mr crawford thai th south in stairs nl america un der whatever foriii it < im , i iniiriit atul ii is difficult lo imnuiue lhat an atioi saxon kino disciplined lo libt ny should establish i ha i on will continue io bud j.ly us v a mi im i ol tho cotton tis.-il in i3l'ili*ij ii.aihilvtui , iirm to am ii a comes india bui we derive thence only i til'ii'rii per i'.enl . of '■',<- w hole y alu . the jiialit ot iihhan cotton ha n,,t 1,,-rii iin i-ovi 1 v ill tin1 q u utility imported has i 1 1 used the bull an i climnli :,' e i less suita hid than those of america hut , the cultivator instead ef being an relive mnl intelligent civp.tl.list who owns his land in fee simple imd works with im proved im piemen is otuaide nan it utuuj;b t lmliatt ) > , • .- 1 - a 1 1 1 , win works as his ion tilth j ei's worked with a pair or two of ill feu oxen a im worth a shilling a harrow worth uvo shillings an i a plough worth perhaps as much as four instead ofl sowing or i in drills and thinning careful ly on m-li-i iili-.l soii the indian scatters i liis seed broadoast and the iced he i^cat ins is lhat wliicli has been reproduced mi t i ir sun i ho i'i 1 1 mu luin iinmcmoi i.'il v i ;' ■■ the aui.-i c-.ui planter intr hu.es iv-.-h s »■..! from remote places every five or six eats i n iv i li noiii ln-,l ani,i uiu plant iv's to a height of six or eight feet v ludia il aitaina only to om half that height - th puny india machine used for cleaning the oot<tou only yields three pounds a day an ordinary american saw gin yields throe hundred pounds a day from tnauy ulna , rations here given by mr cranford f tbe low quality ol all products of rude agriculture that require than thi cheapest and simplest manipulation we may select rice a native plant of ludia cultivated there since the beginning of history by the accident of an indiaman's touching ai charleston rice was introduced into caro lina about the middle of last century and i aiolinii rico raised from the bengal seed is now worth twice as much as bengal rice in the london market rent too is an essential consideration tho products of over peopled highly rented lands are enhanced in price ki'om china there is lor this reason po export of rice or cotton out tea can be growti for ex portation because it can be grown on the hill sides and occupies land not available for fgrotvth ot tin other staples vi which there is yet more lo be had so it is with exery thing in lava but ihe coffee that grows on the freer tracts pf mountain land and the tine cotton producing dis tricts of india aie all under peopled it happens again in india not only that the quality of cotton is because of its rude cultivation of tbe lowest but that it has to be brought to market by the worst roads and the rudest means of transport from tin1 greatest distances and when the cotton arrives at the coast we ind that in an extensive coaal line there are but lllfee convenient portp of export ; while within lhe more limited roast of the american cotjon stales there ate more than thrice that number but cannot the ivropean gn>w cotton in india at the outset he will require what he cannot yet have the tee simph of his land with mod derate and fixed tavalion prom other ctouutries than india and the am.-ricati slates we got at present only si-.,-ti parts in a hundred of our cotton supply chief among lite lesser sources is tvgvpt which yields a thirty-second part of our whole quantity loan seed introduced forty years ago during which time there has been no very gu-ut increase of the yield x.-xt to kgypt \* lhax.il from w huh a ( tti'ii eoni'-s uf an a erage quality 13 per cent better than the average of all american but r>a/.il has found i better worth w idle to b at america ill the pro duction of sugar than in compete in the production of ion a small quanity of vrv superior cotloll roities frojn chili and i',i a that fri.iii i'l-tti being the iiuest brought into tin kngl'tsh market but in dustry in these regions is spent rather on wooi iiiiui-iais and other products in ail the countries between bengal and china and iti all the considerable islands , of the malabar and philippine airhip la gus the cotton plant has been always next to corn the jpiefobj1 ■<•' of husbandry but there has been little for i xport lava has elevep millions to clothe find is even 1 begirthii'lg to ceafee from its exports of corn | china has always had to import as well aa produce both corn and cotton in our west indian colonies cotton is superceded by the sugar cane and not iu our colonies oiilv hut also in cihu ami i'mi ki.cq — only tlie h.iuish oniony ol st 1 h,.in;is \ ll'l is us it hill ll.,li hh1 lh;it oi llie [ highest i|iinlity ; tqusl iinl,ei to th jv iiiviiiii an i loiiy pet nt hotter tllftu lhe j v_.rag8 of ihe ai)i»'i'u.',tii st domingo hi it i'reik'h colony mi|.|,iii linnei with the chief part of her cotton : now umhr r n.-iiiy govttmmtfu it has eeusril to pro ' line nut only ailli.n bul also su^ar uiel j grdws snliie of lliu wotst i-ollie kllimvil ill ' i-iihipi-ali inn k.-ls tuike nine wli.n onr want was small i our solo sullire of supply l,|,i 10 lis still lihollt eleven tltqiishod ouii_ll wnrlh evt'l v | vein i lit lii_»re ar nul niiuv l-yttrri|"-aiis | w hu for tin extrusion .,; the < \ it toll gl'owtb | would lovsst eii|ill:il in the mont iiis,u,;,-i ly part of n disoi'(ler«h rinp'.ie it is iii asiatn lurki y that tiie olton gl'ows iii tl,)|,ical allir.l thll liillsl lieeils he i iiitii-h ii|\.int.io holh ol sou an | ilmiale i lit jill other leipir his aie ut plrsi-llt , wantitiff will the nogrofs k'srn in a fi it o-i-n.-raliniis what the roinpaialiv e!y ci vi : ll/ril illlllllls have not l.'.ll ll.-il ml a i the | uges ot past histoiy '. the iii t r.,mnu m : mipiirii'il li-oiii w«si iii-aiu lb68 audi tbo importation of j lit ewtm wn ow/ng to the hutievolont ent.ipiise ol an english ; tiieicliatil mi ultgg iii kastri'n a hi a there me nono of tlu onvigable rivers atul i alluvial liinils of the west hut hi l»v-ii)jj stone has in heated a puteau iu.'iir the r,v i er si or a tributary of the zambesi as a i or tii locality for joltou hsnttttg them aie in this region a few llille : in it ffii w 1 1 ' iiihahit oils ; the river shorn has thirty lllik of eai.ar.ift ; the ainhi-si in its up | purcourst'i is uovignblu oulj by is ami , iii lis lower c'jui'sy i 1 h ,\ > is in i ... i i i lifcfl other uiirii in ,| people the natives of tropical afticj show the power ol prqdu j cing any crude commodity as palm oil that makes no exorbitant demand upon then knowledge or industry the bi'.-rii-n have failed in efforts to net itton from algeria and there has beefi a si.hnne for procuring il from the peeiees j benanse ihose islands which if planted over wherever growth is possible would yield only a forty fourth part of our supply with it is found grow cotton l'.nt the difficul ty rather is to find a place within twenty j five degrees of the kquator that would not i with little care produco a sani le of good cotton having reviewed all these proposed sources of supply mr orawford expressed his opinion that our present information points only to two countries likely to fur nish us with a fair cotton supply in aid of bot in substitution for the supply from america these are our recently required territories on the eastern side of the bay ' of bengal including artucan peru and marabati but excluding those on tho ten naserim coast and the lately lormed col ony of neenslnnd in australia in our territories on the kast coast of bengal tbe j density in lower bengal and the coun try of which the greater part is a rich al luvial plain watered hy one great rivet an i three considerable 0tie has on its coast at least four safe harhois to which there is in land wat.-r communication during the periodical rains from april to s pteiulier lice and cotton would haw to lai cultiva ted but the ciher six month probably would boffics for the growth of cotton — queensland is in the right latitudes with fertile lands easily to be acquired and held and some commodious harbors the ch i mate probably would make it neces-my to call in the aid nf asiatic labor l-'iuin this elaborate review of the present state of onr means and expectations mr craw ford concluded that our main reliance ' must still be upon the southern states f america the battle at philijppi i richmond june 9 reliable accounts received here to lay by way ofthe central i.'ailro.-nl fmin 1'hil ippi completely falsify the cincinnati r port ofthe fight at that place between the lincoln and confederate troops the correct statement is that oar troops were attacked on monday morning last at daybreak by about 3,000 lincolnites ami being thrown into some confusion retreat ed two miles to a hill where they made n stand and repulsed the enemy three se vet nl limes with a loss to the latter relieved i to be about 70 less than 1,000 confed erates were engaged the enemy had artillery manned by re o-ulais from carjisle i'a barracks tliey finally gave up l he contest and in gloriously retreated our low was six killeil amongst whom was ( aptain a f l.ichjinls of the bath county cavalry ; quartermaster thomas , suns formerly clerk at the depot in rich mond ofthe richmond ami danville rail , road and a young man named danger i | field from bath county from tdk hoi 111 cahui.inian i thi oi.l north si'atk [ written on the jltt/i mm imil the tint of i lice secession ( she cnmss ! liow rould miii ulsty way \ on ho ln-r iwi-nliiili of may " t)u liiim lii r liidr|k'iiifenot d o i tin ud north slale ! ' tin old north state ! to-rliy with us she joinrd her fate ( i'.h wm ihy of thin plorioiih date ; she comas ! how rould sin lonifrr wait ! the lid north slate i i tin old north stat i iln wrottgt were great hrr wounds wi-ro ile,-|l < aullile lie m i-lll'd but bl i i 1om i i mi.'s hole iu-.il , uwuko nho'll keep ' the old north si ite ! the mil north miitr ! i^ilielv ii k he i new il.'s|iotie lliile i hii sou | iir i h mill would il'hol.ilr her ielil ii|i ur bucll hn niul bruvi old norlh state ! io old n'oiih state ! the il if,,uv h.-.-l inm reiiiovpil alre;ul llnlll ll'l land 111 loveii lie u \ ill u in ii hi i hiiu'h proved the old nurih si.'i ■■: the old north st-.t -• ! am __• lo nt . ii m thi iry ti shall fainc relate ( if tin us oi tii a i early dale tow now an then ktie i;ooil iul great the old north male | the llil north state i ii r i'a no u -• llornr>t'n neit is stirrm th torsin m eeklinhiiri has lieiiril old rip has buckled un lhe sword ; llr.iy old n - uli stal . brave old north state ! thr foe that ilee would subjugate mtel lirsl i lot out i ins ili \ anil date and then thy mill i.nnihilali , brave old north s-:aie : bravo old north stale ' m jiith may 1 77 the date of her lirst dec laration of indi e>mi*iice i i rrebontrrj ituur l>i-.nh anta^fs the negro tltiovirig bnsiness at i old point sei'tiis t.i liuvo eiicotiutor i cil a unexpected embftrramnaent — ! these ytuikee jiirntt-s seem to havo i forgotten if they ever knew that | there were audi things u.s negro wo i men nnd children it wtis all very ' wi'll is l"ti^r us their roguery bro'l liiitti only big l>ti--l negroes who i could he made to do their work for1 tlu'tn but when tlioy found that . they had to take with these others with an excellent capacity for rations ; nt ihi other soldierly qualification they seem t have coneluded that | the game wus not as proti table as ', they at first thought the only thing to hu ri'^rettod on our side is that ' thi'.-e helpless negroes are falling in to the hands of creatures who nei ther know how to take care of them i or have the disposition if they knew it this were not so it woqld he very well fur tiie futineis around i ( ld p int dining the snspensinii of j farming operationi tn quarter iheir negroes ui the enemy they u*e thus relieved of much expense and niunv ti'i.iililes — and they know ve ry well that when peaee is made the , thieves will he required to return the neflrroes or pay t them the following from hutlerat for ■ tress monroe to scott at washings ton is the last missive we have seen i on the subject : since i wrote mv last the ques tion in regard to slave property is becoming one ol very serious mag nittide the iuii.-tliit.-tnts of \ irgin ia are nsitiii their negroes in the imt teries ami are preparing tpsend tiicii women and ehihlren south the escapes from them are very numer ous ami a sipi.i.l has come in this j morning v^v 27 ami my pickets an bringing cut ipomcn hid chil dren uf course these cannot in dealt villi on the theory mi which i designed to treat the services of able-bodied men and women who might come within my lines and oi i which i gave you a detailed account in my last despatch i iitn in the utmost donbt what to do with tliis species of property dp to this time i leave had come within mv lines men and women with their children — entire families each family belonging to the same owner i have therefore determin jd to employ as i can dp very pr itahly tho able-bodied persons in tin party inning proper fond for the nxpense of all and charging against their services tho expense ofcare and sustenance of the mm laborers keep ing i strict and ticcni ate account as ell ofthe services as of the expen ditures having the worth of the ser vices and tho cost of expenditures determined l.y a hoard of burvej hereafter to bo detailed i know of no other manner in which to dispose of this & object and the questions connected therewith a a mill m of property to the insurgents it will tie of very great moment the mini her that i now have amounting i am inhumed to what in go"d tiling would he of the value of sixty thous and dollars twelve of these negroes i pin informed have escaped from the erection of butteries on sewell's point which tins morning fired upon my expedition at ft passed by out ol range ar a means ol otfence there fore in the enemy's hands the ne groes when able bodied are ofgiv importance without them the but teiies could not have been erjmted at least for many weeks as a ibil ilury question it would seem t*4 ho a measure ot necessity to depmvo their masters of their services how can this ho done as political question ind a question of humanity can 1 receive the services ofa lather and mother and not take the children ? ( f the humanitarian aspect i have no doubt of the po litical one i have no right to judge i therefore submit all this to your better judgment ; und as these ques tions have a political aspect 1 have ventured — and i trust 1 am not wrong in so doing — to duplicate the parts of my dispatch relating to this subject and forward them to the se cretary of war your obedient servant benj f butler the citizen soldi ell y the sinior editor of the memphis avalanche has just returned from a short visit to the south he says what we saw and heard during our absence convinced us that there is no power on earth that can subdue the southern people from mem phis to new orleans every highway was choked with a company of braw ny militia from mobile to corinth mississippi every depot swarmed with stalwart men ready and anx ious to march in defence ofthe south nearly a thousand troops were on the train from mobile and we found at every depot h company of robust sabliets full of robust health expert in the use of weapons inured to hardships and burning with enthu siasm indeed the south presents the appearance oi a great camp — ■ the very genius of battle seems to have descended upon our people the stupendous uprising of the war like yeomanry far surpasses public expectation every cabin furnishes its man ready to go forth in defence of their j menanced liberties every man i seems to comprehend the mighty is j sues for which they are ready to bat t tie nor was the heart of man alone i stiifed with patriotic emotions — * thousands of women thronged the roadside and with their tears and smiles nerved the hearts of the sob i dier with strength and hope from i each house top heated the confeder . ate flag and irom almost every win ' dow atul door waved a white hand kerchief the sleek fat negro seem ing to comprehend that he was hap i pier and tar better eared for than the poor whites of the north pausi i iu the unfinished furrow and raised his dusky cap in cheers for the train of soldiers that was rushing bv falk about subjugating such a pe what a profanation ! adoption of the per mums nt con thn of the confederate stutes.—l n thursday afternoon last tbe uouvi of this s'tate adopted by a mammon vote ' the permanent constitution of the con i federate states oi america — jiul rsgisu r