watflwax rl r two dou-ars-payable in t ' io».p y , e di advance two dollars !',.; ., not i 1 ; "" c a f r il for the first and 25 eta insertion conrtordera ir than these rates a lib £ who advertise by lie year ,> ,,,,• watchman facts v e bsus fiction ', r , many strange lings in na y b e regarded as «• *\ 0 f bis will who is the author of } w ho established her laws ; i sone of t he orginal pri iples j constitution we ca una , ,„.„„• adapted to gratify it ; uf je of interesting facts rou crhout our books of science j fpu lu . -, i pe s pp many poring over no , nces oma what arc ibe most onsofthe human intel .,..( with lhe ihoughts of him •• com p „ , , • wonderful in working and who j sllsthen to us not in language but in winds but in works we my more persons would be i interested in scientific subjects if j were directed lo them j iown a great change wrought ! . 0 f persons in their pursuits j the subjects that interested them j one lecture on natural sci [ i n d what a vast difference in the i ( ll0 t to say moral character ; 5 utiles that are interested in § . r o tiii k lj < -~ rorn that of t * ose are not made the subject of i«r»t on ' ffeknow families in humble life the gubprs of which know all about the 1 kjuof the birds and iisects abounding nity and il any new speci s0 f natural history is met with in the fcand wood the curiosity of the whole , isexcited and their attention is di rdio it till they obtain all the know about it within their reach the of such persons are just ready to wve every opportunity presented to ihey have eyes where iters have none we propose then occasionally to spread ore the minds of your readers some those facts that modern science has mght to light ati'.l which are of such a itoreasto interest any who have a irl of curiosity ind they are so various and numerous luit is difficult to know where lo begin j retake two short bars of different met : :.*■$ antimony and bismuth and solder ; tirends together in the bum of a v and j to pass a current of electricity through hd from the former lo the hitter a to ! kal will he the consequence but if j reverse the current and pass it from ebismuih to the antimony cold lollows ; id uiib a little aid water in a cavity of ie of ihe bars may be frozen the ; um cause apparently produces opposite feels nnd in circumstances very much i and it is probable tbat no one in t the reason o it soil we mt a gun barrel across a fur tt and heat ii red hot and attach a aol water to one end and boil it iking the steam puss ihrough the gun wl tbe water will be decomposed — it iron takes of one ingredient oxygen ■ ibe other hydrogen goes out of the : end now if we collect the latter : fnd it buck ihrough ihe gun barrel lake up us own oxygen again and • water in ihe flask as at lirst a fact whal similar to the former the apparently attended with op : els • : f dissolve some blue vitriol what artners call blue stone in water and j it a piece of bright iron as a e lade it will come out all covered lew copper if we dip the a silver spoon it will not be ef if we dip both together they effected alike washed with me wpper why should the union of 0tneials make o great a difference ? "* e take some cold water in a turn ed pour into it a small quantity of equally cold heat will result ■ if we take some sal animoniac and ino l uer it in a tumbler and pour in wa ■ llollow ust persons know the necessity of j copper and brass vessels used for 1 purposes clean ; but they may know the difference between them c ' antl when m oi is fats and jn b le acids will not affect them in , tter state hut in the latter they are '. ubstance that has the most weight ' wbulk that is the most specific u 1 * platinum which is more than j^a-j heavy as water iro r °' al1 known substances is kix gli ol lh sit takes about 14 ou measures o equal in weight dlr ' and of air il t j s 818 to ' one nf • l 00o hter so that water is near ' km it 58 " beavy as h vdrogen and ; k t llmes hat same have 22 i l 11 , 01 '" • ro n 250,000 times as n lf imponderable agents are the carolinaw atchman j j bruner i _, ( " keep a check upojjt ax.l yo0b editor 4 proprietor ) rulers ( new series do this a5d llbertt is safe < gen i harrison ( volume ix num ber 9 salisbury n c thursday july 1 1852 material substances of which we have no proof they must he infinitely lighter than hydrogen all lhe light that falls from the sun upon a surface of four square feet and reflected upon the scale of a most delicate balance does not weigh the 1200 millionth part of a grain and the light of the full moon is 300,000 times less than that of the sun and how great the difference in size and weight between the largest and smallest j of animals even the elephant with his j gigantic size i.s small by the side of some of those monsters that geology shows us to have existed in ancient times the bones of some of them are three ' times as large as those of the largest an imals now known : and the spinal mar row was a foot in diameter on the oth er hand " it is certainly one of the most astonishing discoveries of modern science that the animalcules of infusions of which 500.000,000 may live and sport in a drop of water should originate extensive formations of rocks and soils by their skeletons in one case a man obtained from less than an ounce and a half of stone 10.450 chambered shells of which it took 400 500 and of some 1000 to make a grain j in one place iu germany is a bed of earth 28 feet thick and another 14 made up of the remains of animals so small that it | takes 41.000,000,000 of them to make a cubic inch similar beds are iound in virginia new york and new england there are stranger things in the hea vens and in the earth than most persons ever dreamed of or will believe when told to them because they are so far be yond the ordinary range of their thoughts ci1em1e whig national convention secoa\d day thursday june 17th the convention was called to order at 12 o'clock by the president prayer by rev'd dr atkin son of st peter's episcopal church the proceedings of yesterday vvcte uu i read by the clerk mr duncan of la moved the follow ing resolved that a committee to consist of one member from each state in the union represented in this convention be appointed whose duty it shall he to draft a series of resolutions expressive of the sentiments ofthe whigs of the union on the great doctrines cherished by them — i or otherwise a platform of principles to be maintained by the whigs in the coming j campaign resolved that the members of said committee be selected by the delegates from each state — each slate represented | appointing its own members ; and the committee to appoint its own chairman resolved that this convention will not proceed to ballot lor cr otherwise nomi j nate a candidate for president or vice j president until said committee shall have j taken final action on said report mr van trump of ohio took the floor ; in opposition to the resolution and in a i speech of some length gave reasons for op | posing its passage mr duncan was surprised that there ] should be any opposition to the resolution t he only wished gentlemen to show their j hands who are we ? are we a band i of brothers are we national whigs — could we trust one another if your principles are not ours and ours are not j yours it is proper we should know it and the sooner we know it better mr ashmum said he had not desired to say a word had he not been personally ap pealed to yesterday by the gentleman from ohio he would now repeat that he had not conferred with any lo iy and j did not know ofthe intention to otter this i resolution to-day he thought it would be time to act in the matter after the re ; port of the committee on credentials had j been made he appealed to the gentle j man not to press the resolutions il objec j tion was made to it mr goodwin of california objected to the action on this matter in consequence j of the absence ofa portion of his delega tion and moved an adjournment the question was then taken on the ! first resolution of the series ottered by mr duncan and resulted as follows : yeas — new hampshire 5 ; vermont 5 ; . massachusetts 13 ; rhode island 4 ; con | necticutg pennsylvania 27 delaware 3 ; maryland 8 ; virginia 15 norlh car olina 10 : south carolina 8 ; georgia 10 alabama 9 mississippi louisiana 6 ; kentucky 12 ; tennessee 12 ; illinois 11 ; j mossouri 9 arkansas 4 ; florida 3 ; tex as 4 ; iowa 4 colifornia 4 199 nays maine 8 new york 35 new jersey 7 ohio 23 indiana 13 ; michi gan 6 wisconsin 5 — 97 an amendment was ottered to lhe se cond resolution as follows : and that in the said committee each member be authorized to cast the vote to which it is entitled in the electoral col lege which was adopted by the follow i ing vote : 1 ayes — maine 8 new hampshire 1 vermont 1 ; massachusetts 3 connecti cut 2 ; new york 31 ; new jersey 7 pennsj ivania 27 ; delaware 3 ; ohio 23 ; indiana 13 illinois 11 missouri g michigan 6 ; iowa 5 ; wisconsin 1 ; cali fornia 2 — 149 nays — new hampshire 4 vermont 4 massachusetls ii rhode island 4 ; con necticut 4 new york 4 maryland 8 virginia 14 north carolina 10 south carolina 8 georgia 10 alabama 9 mississippi 7 ; louisiana 6 ; kentucky 12 tennessee 12 missouri 2 ; arkansas4 florida 3 ; texas 4 ; wisconsin 3 ; cal ifornia 2 — 144 mr evans then moved that the mem bers of each delegation be allowed to vole for or against as they chose which was carried mr ewing of ohio then oflered a sub stitue for the second resolution as amen ded by which the members should vote in the usual way and not according to the number of votes in the electoral college a long debate ensued on the amend ment without a decision the conven tion adjourned until this evening at g o'clock evening session the crowd in the hall was immense this evening every part of it was occu pied ; lhe ladies as well as the gentlemen being in larger attendance than usual the president called the convention to order at g o'clock the clerk read the proceedings of the morning session the chair then stated that the first bus iness in order was the consideration of : mr ewing's substitute for the second of the series of resolutions offered by mr i duncan of louisiana mr jessup of pennsylvania moved to i amend the substitute by adding the ori ginal amendment offered this morning the chair said that amendment was al ready a part of the resolutions now before the convention mr edie of pennsylvania said the convention had already resolved by a vote to insist on the amendment it was not therefore competent now to amend what the convention had already by re solution amended mr jessup said he believed that the best interests of the whig party deman ded the amendment the delegation from pennsylvania go for sustaining the enact ment of the general government — [ rs the whig party of that state ii grossly misrepresented and hi ii sen i iments misconstrued they were conservative and wished conservative resolutions adopted here he believed that the construction of the committee on the plan proposed would produce resolu tions which would receive a unanimous : aye he believed that the delegations of j ohio and new york were misrepresent j ed as much as the delegation from penn j he had had free intercourse wiih the del j egatious of the three great states and he j believed that general harmony would ex j ist to some extent there might be some i points of difference — ihat was to be ex pected but the whigs of the middle i states were as sound on every question ■ as our southern brethren he hoped both . sections would compromise mr dawson of georgia said he arose j with regret and he should speak without excitement and hoped the convention would act with deliberation he agreed j with the gentleman from virginia and believed that was the first attempt to con vert this country into the wildest democ racy the principle now contended for would uproot the constitution itself un der this rule litile rhode island was enti tled to as much power as the largest ; state he knew the measure proposed j had not been well considered by the whig party it proclaimed the wildest effort i ever made to alienate one section of the ■ union from the other mr d said he had j long belonged to the whig party and he believed it to be the conservative party and he would be the last one to desert it he believed that its principle constituted the foundation of the confederacy but when it deserted its principles he would abandon it mr d deprecated any ac tion by which three states would be able to control the action of all the rest he desi red no discussion he only desired that'the whig party should pursue the course mark ed out for them by the convention and he hoped members would act with becoming confidence towards each other mr ashmun of massachusetts said he did not rise to make a speech but to make ! a suggestion he thought this was a premature excitement on an immaterial question which was delaying the action of the convention the committee on credentials had not yet concluded its la bors they were here in the convention now and would not retire until the dis i cussion was concluded they could not discharge the important duty intrusted to them unless they were afforded the op portunity in order to allow the commit tee time to deliberate he moved an ad journment until ten o'clock tomorrow which was concured in and the conven tion adjourned third day the proceedings of tbe preceding even ing's session were read and approved judge jessup of pennsylvania rose to ask leave to withdraw the amendment offered by him yesterday afternoon allow ing each member of the committee on credentials to cast the electoral vote of the state he represented he said that when he offered the amendment he did so under tbe impression that if it was j adopted it would tend to restore harmony ; among the members of the convention } but he had since become convinced that it would exert a contrary effect and on . those grounds and those alone he asked ; permission ofthe convention to be allow ed to withdraw it the permission was granted the substitute of mr ewing allowing each state one vote only in the commit tee was then put before the convention for its reception and carried the reso ! lution as amended was then put to vote and adopted a motion was then made for the ap 1 i pointment of a committee to prepare a 1 suitable piatform to be presented to the convention to be adopted and endorsed by it as the views and principles of the whig party of the united states the motion was adopted and the states called ' upon to choose a member the committee consisted of the follow ; ing gentlemen : maine w p fessenden ; new hamp shire thos m edwards vermont car los coolidge ; massuchusetts george j ashmun rhode island cyrus harris connecticut a g hazzard ; — new york a b dickenson ; new jersey w l i dayton ; pennsylvania wm f johnson delaware john m clayton ; maryland i william b clarke ; virginia robert e : scott north carolina nathaniel boy j den south carolina . george s bryan ; ', georgia w c dawson ; alabama c c j langdon ; mississippi a b bradford louisiana g b duncan ; ohio j a j harris ; kentucky orlando brown ; ten | nessee f a zollikoffer indiana j s newman ; illinois david k baker ; mis souri a b chambers arkansas tho mas s james michigan george s pom roy ; florida william b davis ; texas john it ashe ; iowa,s m ballard ; wis consin alexander spalding california frank stewart mr watts of va chairman of the com j mittee on credentials arose and stated j that the committee after a protracted j session had agreed upon a report he also stated that the committee had receiv ed a communication from washington announcing the election of delegates from ; that city to the convention and would of j fer a resolution lhat they be invited to a j seat upon the platform the resolution was adopted and the delegates from washington took their seats the committee reported in favor of the fillmore contestants from vermont and new york and ofthe webster con } testant from the latter state a motion to adopt the report ofthe com mitiee was objected to on the ground that there was a minority report from a por tion of the committee the report was read it disagreed in every instanee from the report of the majority mr cabell of florida moved that the report of the majority be adopted by the ( convention upon which motion he per emptorily called the previous question after some debate the question was put by states and the report was con cured in by a vote of ayes 164 ; noes 117 a motion was here made and carried to adjourn until 5 o'clock evening session mr ashmun of massachusetts arose and said he was instructed by the committee on res olutions to present a report from that commitee which he held in bis hand and which he beg ged to say had alter much deliberation ot a conciliatory character conducted in the kindest feelings been adopted wilh great though not entire unanimity with the leave of the chair man he would now take a position in front of the chair and read the resolutions he was in structed to present mr a then read the platform which was as follows : the whigs of the united slates in conven tion assemlifed adhering to tbe greal conserv ative principles by which they are controlled and governed and now as ever relying upon ihe intelligence of the american people wiih an abiding confidence in iheir capacity for self government and iheir continued devotion to the constituiion and the union proclaim the follow in<r as their political sentiments and determina tions lor the establishment and maintenance ol which their national organizaiion as a parly is effected : . 1 that the government of the l nited nates is of a limited character and it is confined to tne exercise of powers expressly granted by the constituiion and sucb as may be necessary and proper for carrying the granted powers into full execution and that all powers not th-is granted or necessarily implied are expressly reserved to the slates respectively and to the people 2 tbe state governments should be held secure in their reserved rights and the gener al government sustained in its constitutional powers and the union msouw be revered and watched over as lhe palladium ofourliberi.es 3 that while struggling freedom every ; where enlists the warmest sympathy ol ihe whi party we still adhere to the doctrines of the father of his ceuntry as announced in bi farewell address ofkeeping ourselves free from all entangling alliances wiih foreign coun tries and of never quilling our own to stand upon foreign ground tbat our mission as a republic is not to propogato our opinions or impose on other countries our form of govern . ment by anifire or toice but to teach by ex ample and show by our succes moderation and justice tbe blessings of self government \ and the advantages of free institutions 4 that when the people make and control 1 the government ihey should obey ils consti luiion laws and ireaties as they would retain their self re**pecl and the respect whieh they i | claim and will enforce fiom foreign powers 5 government should be administered with a strict economy and in lime of peace ils ex penses ought to be derived liom specific duties . and not fiom direct a.tes ; and in laving such ! duties sound policy requires a just discrimina ; lion whereby suitable encouragement mav be afforded to american industry eq ia!!y to ali ' classesjand to all parts of the countiv 6 the constitution vests in congress the power to open and repair harbors and to re move obstructions from navigable rivers and it is expedient that congress whenever such improvements are necessary for the common defence and fur the protection and fa-iiity of commerce with foreign nations or slates shall consider such improvements in e»ery instance national and general in their character 7 the federal and state governments are parts of one system alike necessary for the common prosperity peace and security and ought to be regarded alike with a cordial hab itual and immovable attachment respect for the authority of each an acquiescence in the constitutional measures of each are duties re quired by the plainest considerations of nation al of slate and of individual welfare 8 that the seiies of acts commonly known as the compromise including the fugitive slave law are received and acquiesced in by he whig party of the united siales as a set i lenient in principle and substance — a final set tlement of the subjects which they embrace and so far as the fugitive slave law is concern ed we will maintain the same and insist on its strict enforcement until lima and experience shall demonstrate the necesity of future legisla j lion to guard against evasion ot the law on the one hand or abuse of its powers on ihe oih er and we deprecate all luture agitaiion of the slavery question as dangerous to our peace and : we will discountenance all efforts al the revival i or continuance ot such agitaiion in congress or out of it whenever wherever and however the attempt may be made and we will main tain this setilemelit as essential to the nation ality of lhe whig party and the interests of lhe union the readin of ihe platform was frequently interrupted by loud cheers when the resolu tion was read affirming the finality of the com promise the hall fairly shook with the applause of the assembled multitude after order had been in some measure restored loud calls weie made for mr choate mr choate responded lo the call and said : i thank god lhat the principles i have so long contended for in faneuil hall — when faneuil hall was open — are now this day sustained by the highest authority i recognise — the author ity of a convention of the national w big parly of he united slates mr choate ihen went on to address the convention in a speech of matchless and thriil ing eloquence alter an excited debate which was partici pated in by mr anderson ol ohio mr botts ol virginia and others — which debate we may have occasion to notice hereafter — ] a vote by stales was called lor several members rose lo address the chair and sever al propositions were made the chair decided that any debate or motion was out of older because the convention had decided o sustain the previous question the vote was then taken by stales on the i adoption of lhe platform and resulted as ol lows — yeas 228 nays gg : states aye nay slates aye maine 4 5 mississippi 7 - n hampshire 5 — louisiana 6 — vermont 5 — ohio 3 15 massacbu'tts 13 — kentucky 12 - rhode island 4 — tennessee 12 — connecticut 4 1 indiana 7 6 new york 12 2*2 illinois 6 5 new jersey 7 - missouri 9 - pennsylvania al 6 arkansas 4 - delaware 3 - michigan - 6 maryland 8 - florida 3 - virginia 15 — texas 4 - n carolina 10 - iowa 4 - s caiolina 8 - wisconsin 4 1 georgia 10 - california 4 — alabama 9 - j total 228 66 general jessup of pennsylvania offered the following resolution : resolved that the convention will now pro ceed to ballot for nomination oi a candidate lor ihe presidency and that the manner of such ballot shi-.il be as follows : when ihe stales shall be called for that purpose the chairman ol the respective delegations shall rise and an nounce ihe name of ibe person to whom tbe vote of the stale shall be given and that a ma jority of the electoral college shall be neces sary to a choice mr johnson of pennsylvania said he dij not rise to make a speech he was a working man himself and not a speech making man — he thought the convention should go to work and pul some one in nomination lor the presi dencv mr bryan of south carolina said he had lived and ought for the whig party but there was something higher than party — our country tbe idoi of that old cbi t's heart point ing to the portrait ol mr ciay cheers he knew the value of the party and he knew the value of ihe constitution when the country was in danger he did m.i call on wbigs or democrats bul he calied on irue men and tiue men ofall parties had saved the country fiom disunion \ the compromise had saved the union mr '■■ b continued at length on the compromise and ■ its value to the union and paid a glowing tii bute to its author he concluded hy renewing the motion for the previous question on the reso lu ion to ballot lor candidate for the presidency the reading ofthe resciuiions^was called for — —^ —^— — —^— ls55sls the convention then voted on he question : shall the main question be new pul ? and il wan agreed o a vote by states was asked and they were called and he resolution adopted and he convention at eight o'clock pro ceeded lo ballot or a candidate for the presi dency in pursuance of ils provisions on a i call of the slates the following was he result i of the ballolliug : first ballot states webster fillmore scott | maine — _ 8 ; new hampshire 4 — 1 ! vermont 3 11 massachusetts 11 — 2 rhode i-land 2 11 connecticut 3 12 new york 2 7 24 new jersey — — 7 pennsylvania — 1 26 delaware — — 3 maryland — 8 — - virginia — 13 1 nonh carolina — 10 — south carolina — 8 — georgia — 10 — alabama — 9 — mississippi — 7 — louisiana — •% 6 — ohio — i 1 22 kentucky — f 12 — tennessee — 12 — indiana — — 13 illinois — — 11 missouri — 9 — arkansas — 4 — michigan — — 6 florida — 3 — texas — 4 — iowa — 4 — wisconsin 3 11 california 1 12 toiai 29 133 131 on the 2d 3j 4th and 5th ballots there was no material change the following is the vote on the 5;h ballot : fillmore 133 scott 130 webster 30 sixth ballot — fillmore 133 ; scott 131 ; webster 29 ; being the same as the first ballot on moiion the convei.tiou adjourned till 10 o'clock saturday fourth day saturday june 19 — we learn through the telegraph that forty ballots making 46 in all were had today — resulting in no choice and lhal aboul 9 o'clock p m the convention adjourued over to monday inornilfg 10 o'clock the following is a table of he ballotings from the seventh to the forty-first inclusive — the 42d 43d 44;h 45th and 46 h iudicated as litile variation in the result scoit fillmore webster 7th ballot 131 133 28 3th ■• 131 133 28 oth " 133 132 29 10th *** 135 130 28 llih ■ 134 131 28 12th " j.^4 131 28 13th - 134 131 28 1-1 h " 133 130 29 15th " 133 130 29 16th " 135 129 28 17th ,; 135 120 28 1-mh ■ 135 129 28 19th " 135 128 29 20th " 135 12s 29 21st " 13g 128 23 taj2iid " 136 128 28 23rd " 136 128 28 j4th " 136 128 28 25 h " 136 128 23 jg;h •' 136 128 23 27th " 136 128 28 28ib " 136 123 2*5 29th " 134 128 30 30ih " 135 12=1 29 31st " 135 123 29 32nd •' 135 129 28 34th " 134 126 28 37th " 136 127 28 38th " 136 127 28 39 h " 136 127 23 40 h " 136 127 23 4 1st " 133 129 32 sleep no person of active mind should try to pre vent sleep which in such persons only comes when rest is indispensable to the continuance of health in fact sleep once in twenty four hours is as essential to the existence of mam malia as lhe momentary respiration of fresh air the most unfavorable condition for sleep connot prevent its approach coachmen slum ber on iheir coaches and couriers on iheir hor ses whilst soldiers uli asleep on the field of battle amidst all ihe noise ol artillery and the tumuli of war during the retreat ot sir john more several of the british soldiers were re ported to have fallen asleep upon ihe march and yet they continued walking onward the most violent passion and excitement of mind cannot preserve even powerful minds from sleep thus alexander ihe great slept on he field of arbela and napoleon on that of aus terliiz even stripes and toiture cannot keep off sleep as crimnals have been know n to sleep on the rack noises which serve at first to diive away sieep soon become indispensable lo ils existence ; thus a siage coach stopping to change horses wdkes ali the passengers the proprietor of an iron forge who slept close to the din of hammers forges and blast furnaces would awake if ihere was any interruption to them during the nighl ; and a sick mi ler who who bad his mill stopped on that account pas sed sleepless nights until the miil resumed its usual noise homer in the iliad elegantly represents sleep as overcoming all men and even ihe gods excepting jupiter alone the length of time passed in sleep is not the ame for all men : it varies in different indi viduals and at different ages ; but it cannot be determined from the time passed in sleep re lative to the s'rength or energy ofthe functions or ihe body or mind from six to nine hours is the average proportion yet the roman em peror caligula slept only three hojrs freder ick of prussia and dr john h-jn'er consumed only four or five hours in repose while the great scipio slept during eight a rich and lazy citi zen will slumber from ten to twelve hours daily it is during infancy that sleep is longest and mos profound women also sleep longer ban men and young men than old sleep is drnr ven away during convalescence after a long sickness bv a long lasting and abuse of coffee the sleepless nights of old age are almost pro verbial it would appear that carnivorous an imals sleep in general longer than he herbit orous as the superior activity of the muscles 1 and sense of lhe former seem m ire especially | io require repair scientific american