joining the sons the mountain banner of the 29th ultimo says : the letter from which we give an extract below was not intended for publication : but it is from an old and intimate riend with whom we can take liberties—one i of stern human virtu s with a vein of quaint humour running through his nature rendered all lhe more quaint because il is not intended for humour it is the sponta neoua outpouring of .-.. iplicjty of a heart that knows """ i till carolina wtatchmas f . ,,. v two dollars—payable in '<- s'tifnutpaidin advance two dollars will charged il 7 t.„il.e.ns ai„i-.,eis ii courtordera riliannhese rares a lib ,„ those who adverl.se by the year ; itor musi be post paid the carolina watchman ( new series do this and lli.ef.ty is safe < gen'l harrison ( volume viii—number 1 j j bruner i > " keep a check upon all tour editor cy proprietor ) rulers salisbury n c thursday may 8 1851 t fcyow when we have met with al lc]uciion in any journal which ; qur mind wiih greater force as ilar^ed w "' lhe matter of which - ..,"] ,,,' iis terse and pointed style .. _,. which is but one of a num n public affairs which we i : in the columns ofthe pa ( . c„py ii nat int . .. pi ■ yune of april hi i i?xio>\—the tone of levity and indif . v jch certain disunion papers are i iselves to speak ofthe gravest < . t,i na arrangement ; lhe un • ro(vss lo feel in the condin i of '■ ,. n ihe united stales and for , ■' he deepest interest to many rs ol ihe confederacy mighl be i i excessive zeal of sudden con > naivete of inexperienced journ • '' pu j ihe old horn blowers of sedition ' pns |;, jiher resolution in themselves i i their cause when tor ex « on meicuiv prates of a cor ' en mr webster and the < ecretary of foreign affairs upon the ' n ,,,,,. negro sailors entering iln ports ■ it n ;-'..';,.. as a mailer iu which south ( at is 0„|j the concern of an indiffer ti ltori inspires little respeel for its ' sa oi lhe organization of which « i'n iuihpiece we should be loth lo i .| .. ,);,. people ol south carolina could ' wjth such absolute want ol interest a ; v between this and any other conn ' ■ 1 1 slate in reality severed from the ' there are memories and associations ' hl keep alive something like a par , ii remaining states if one should ! i swing irom iis orbit bul if they i y begun lo regard us as foreigners ,., :, monarchical governments with mi upon their own they will have - ,. , ic complain ol lhe oiher slates if ' se i dissolution of the union begun i fool there with just the same deter ind an the would employ in re n attempt upon the confederacy from ; language is mere bravado on the ; ' it disinionists it finds no response ' • nublic sympathy nor even an echo in ihe isp u ho use it it is much in the j ilr acres appeal to sir lucius ()'- >• we shan't run sir lucius quoth ihiable genlleman bj way of assuring itself lhal he was about to do something , r be had no heart for and just so do iriain public organs speak ol lhe dissolution the union with affected sangfroid or as a no achieved hy way of avoiding the grim i nhastly spectacle which intervenes between j conception and its consummation the i liion however denounced by abolitionists on e iiiiil nr sedition mongers on the other is t of lhat dignity which challenges the con m nf ihose who seek its overthrow and , pi assumes lo consider il a trifle nei : conceals noi strengthens his nervous con i'his habit nl light remark respecting the lion has grown nut of an equally inconsider e mode nf speech though perhaps more gen | aliy used li is quite lhe custom of politi ! in in lake it iii granted that the first drop of i i seil in civil strife will he the knell of .' union this supposition is based upon j r im nn : ■ ■ - irted by the hypothesis that constii is in such an enfeebled and ex ' iisl d slai . ihal il cannot spare blood enough ■ hail humors or allay unnatural or dan i ious excitement public men who have mi wise in other respects have countenanced v delusion : and cabals profiling by what i men have uttered without exactly ap o the value of won press forward leir machinations under an immunity fancied in the idea thai ilin cannot be touched with it lhe certain destruction of ihe government - hetrue the whole structure of the re - al the mercy ol every paltry club ol - - and treason plotters that may chose isell against the power and sovereign ci nfederacy and in ihis connexion n fanati •- are quite as formidable to ie safety ol the stale as southern faclionisls bul tvlience comes the idea lhat the only brie o free government on earth is to disap ai hh the smoke ofthe first gun fired in its ' !''•'' or where istlie warrant for suppos die whole strinhure of american liber ide into nolhiugiess,peaceablv and qui v and ignominiously !| for this result is ar e<j as a corrollary from lhe supposition that ■ i nion rannot be savjd by visiting with the 1 es ol treason sucl as combine io lay it •• the conspinior is taught to hold icaih of punishment be luse the means necessary to enforce his re i nsihiliy io law i;iv,,,v according lo these "' teachers the annihjalion of the sover s'hy whose law is outiiged according lo ' '; of ethics treasibis alone a thriving land fnr^hal sanction have liirhn.enl can bring ; and dismay upon ihem because they piled without qlelling lhe govern wi ii ihem this ics of argument - mizers in ieati till ihey com i ven act against tl state we ap f'om lhal mie.cnt ihey will find . f"it '" their log as ihey will se ■ theoretical imp.iiiy '■'■ ■■' i inq iiry whence do they ' fancy lor ii is me^ly such that this s lo dissolve like a nisi ? lhat it is to inanition . is thee any example in ■"' modern times ,, a powerful and u3 i pie losing theirhationality with ., ' s,ril?s'e .' lias any impendent slate 1 u'nhedto foreign fore or internal ma ns without first strewiu the land with , ' i'"'1'1 is no example\\'even bad go , m'n suffering ihemseus lo be exdn ! lke mdle.or pour from the fam . ','.'; w'om likfc a bad sui,rvom a school "','• i'1 most barbarjus as the mosi states have only subnlted to dismem iaftei-.'!"'^he.vh,u)s the pro "" is ,! ed wiih th.grave-stones ol ""-: bm whenever 1 nereigntv has wi "! i'",i;,m 1,,'l h8word an(l he wj ,'":' i"'siesl wiih ije lives and the tv "'""• even now rte fires quench pov"'1 k f.iiih ajruin t uesl the hitler fcf»*l.idi temnaiiis of plmle hold on to . l^jjnatl.maliti '^ ainj.!c of najral decay and | extinction which history furnishes admonish es ns of iho scenes which the agonies of an ex piring stale evoke the crumbling fabric of lhe roman empire though worn out by civil wars and cancerqns wilh corruption and de baucheries involved the civilized world in five centuries of darkness there was yei in that cankered and tyrannous organization lhe strength lo deluge christendom in blood and blacken lhe area of civilization wilh fire — whai may be expected of a nation expiring in the vigor ol its youth ? what the ihrones of a people brought inio collision by excess of force ? by discontents augmented if not com menced in the uneasiness of abundance ?— even malcontents when not vaporing in their disloyal vocation extol the united slates as the only abode of liberty on earlh and the greal est and the most prosperous people known to the history of mankind yet they affect to be lipve lhat such a people thrown back upon their defective and separate colonial organizations i without a murmer they cannot and do not think so the people who hold the only abode of freedom and are prosperous and progress ive bevond anv precedent of ancient or modern i limes are not going to c from them a con stitution which covers them wilh its protection ! or divide off into distinct and hostile iribes at the bidding of either northern or southern se cessioinsls thai whieh has secured liberty to mankind j and advanced three millions of oppressed and isolated colonists into a commanding thriving ; and happy nation is worlh lhe blood which our j forefathers shed in achieving and as much more j a mav be necessary to maintain it it is idle to imagine lhat the greal masses of the people will tamely submit lo the dissolution of a go vernmenl which is their only safeguard against j foreign aggression or domestic tyranny they are no more prepared to be yoked lo the car of j cuban patriots or higher-law publicists north or south ihan they are io regard with indiffer ence a diplomatic contest between england and the uniied states about a matter which af feels the safely of a large number of stales those who take sides with great britain upon this subject will do well lo defer the disruption of lhe union until england resolves herself in lo the heptarchy oul of which she was formed the illustration is apt to their present sympa thies ; and even more opportune as affording | hem some idea of the scenes which will have ! to be passed before arriving at the goal of their disloyal ambition but one survivor now remains j ofthe gallant party of seventy that burnt the frigate philadelphia in the harbor of i tripoli after she had been taken by the i authorities of that country the death of joseph knox boyd in | washington city on the loth inst leaves j but one survivor of that memorable event namely commodore morris in 1803 the bashaw of tripoli took it into his head to impose upon the young american republic and would not agree j to trade with her unless she would pay j tribute the united states refused to do } any such thing and the tripolitans com | menced the game of pirating upon amer ! can commercial vessels war was then declared by the united states against tripoli and a small fleet of the navy was sent to blockade the tripolitan ports — j during the blockade the frigate phila delphia under command of capt bain bridge gave chase to a small tripolitan \ vessel in the harbor of tripoli and pur | sued her so close that the frigate got a j round the jig was up with them they i were far oil from the aid of the balance of the fleet and within musket shot ofthe | enemy's battery they fell an easy peey to the enemy the ollicers and crew were taken prisoners the former con fined in a miserable stinking desolate dungeon for many months and the latter | sold as slaves for all of whom the old i bashaw calculated on getting high ran soms for some of the ollicers we believe he did get ransoms as soon as this disastrous news was communicated to the fleet lt stephen decatur conceived the project of destroy ing the grounded vessel and thus keep ing her out ofthe hands of the enemy getting permission from the commander of the fleet he called for volunteers to the desperate act lie obtained 70 men of whom joseph knox boyd was one they proceeded under cover of night to the philadelphia—boarded her sword in hand and drove the cowardly tripolitans over board and killed those that resisted by this time the whole harbor was in an up roar and armed vessels were approach ing from all sides while the battery of the bashaw's palace was pouring broad sides at the brave seventy decatur and his men without a moment's delay set fire to the frigate and left in double quick time they barely made their escape but not a man was lost or wounded ! they had the pleasure of seeing the frigate burn and blow up instead of becoming a prey to the tripolitans this was one ofthe greatest deeds ot the young republic but few of the offi cers or crew of the philadelphia now sur vive to tell of the scenes they saw and the cruelties they underwent while pri soners in tripoli a book giving a true narrative of them would be highly inter esting wealth savs dr chalmers is the god dess whom all the world worshipped there is many a city in our empire oi which with an eye of apostolic discern ment it may be seen that it is almost wholly given to idolatry if a man look on higher than money.then money is his god the passing bell " in the midst of life we are in death " again we are reminded that mortality j is stamped upon the dwellers of earth i another ot our race has gone to his last re | pose the messenger of death has borne another loved one to the spirit land the domestic circle has again been broken ■■ notwithstanding the skill of physicians and the tears of bereaved friends see yonder procession with measured tread following the remains of o.ie dear as life to that final resting place what j sorrow what loneliness what feelings of desolation what emptiness of earthly joys i now fill their hearts as they take a long long look at that dear but lifeless clay ! who is ihis so recently done with things j beneath the sun ? the aged sire having out-lived his gen > eration whose head was long since whit i ened by the harvest gathering is now no j more grief stricken are his children as ! ihey realize their loss that he to whom they have always looked for instruction ; and counsel is removed from them iorev j er an affectionate husband has been ta j ken from the embrace of the wife of his \ bosom she stands by the grave and i weeps as though her heart would break she feels oh how deeply feels the wound that has pierced her inmost soul and as if she lost her all of life to her this is a '■ day of sadness and gloom such as she had never known before ; and now she could almost wish to be quietly resting by tbe j side of her husband a devoted wife and tender mother has j been removed from the companion of her i youth and the children of her pride dis | ease fastened upon her life and took her hence aid was proffered but in vain now the husband feels that ail of earth is held by a feeble tenure now does a deep drawn sigh escape his lips as he be holds the object of his early love shroud ed in the drapery of the tomb as he stands gazing upon those loved features so firmly coldly fixed and yet with the same sweet smile that had ever rested on i him come up those words of tenderness i and confiding trust those acts of kindness j those attentions to his every want her vir tues and her moral worth till he would ! fain have died to save her the children j gather close around while from their eyes j fall tears like drops of rain motherless j ones they weep they mourn and well j they may for they have lost a friend j whose deep pure love no pen can portray i nor tongue describe henceforth the fa i ther binds them closer to his heart as if he would in them behold the image of her j in whom his highest earthly hopes were | centred a youth blooming with health and vig j or is stricken down at a single blow j and yet could beauty intellectual devel j opment or a fine education have interpos ed that group of mourners were now at their own homes rejoicing that their num ber was unbroken but ah the shaft was sent with unerring aim those be reaved parents who had looked forward cheered with the hope that this star would brighten the evening of their days the chosen one now crushed in utter despond ency and refusing all attempts at conso lation the circle of friends stripped of their brightest member are now called upon to look for the last time upon tbe earthly tabernacle of one oh how fondly loved ! their hearts bleed at eve ry pore and they strive each to console the other with words of sympathy but tears and silent grief forbid them utter ance only deep down within the soul where thoughts commune with the inner self and with their maker can they find peace a lovely infant just beginning to steal away the parent's affections has been re moved hence by the angel gatherer the treasure the fond mother had purposed to wear upon her own heart as an ornament of joy but no she must now though re luctantly yield it up to seek another sphere in her grief she looks only upon the casket which is soon to crumble while she sees not the jewel it contained yet would she dry up her tears and direct her eye above she would behold her lost gem replaced in a more brilliant setting where it will shine in undimmed splendor amid thrones and dominions for ever and ever " it is better to go to the house of mourn ing than to the house of feasting for by sorrow the heart is made better thus it is rendered certain that we all must die j the infant the youth the middle aged and the aged must alike return to their mother dust " if a man die shall he live again v this all-important question is prompted by such an hour and to its affirmatix-e an swer both the analogy of nature and the inspiration ofthe scriptures fully concur yes.it is certain that we shall lay down these bodies of ours and as certain that v.e shall rise again clothed with im mortality " blessed are they that have part in the first resurrection from the boston daily bee colver axd humanity human being bought in boston the southern slave trade put into the shade parson colver of the temoht tern j pie the purchaser stale of the free j soil clergy in boston anel the corrup i tion knavery aud heartlcssncss of its \ leaders we hardly thought that the traffic of human beings existed here in this pious '• city of boston but it seems we were mistaken a transaction has just occur ; red—a trade made by which a human being and living on our own soil has bet ti bought with money and transferred , from one parly to another the facts ofthe case are as follows :— some few weeks since the father bena dito fontanarosa and son were brought into the police court on a charge of lead ing idle and dissolute lives the father went about the streets begging and was usually accompanied by the boy both parties were found guilty and sentenced to four months in the house of correc tion a few days after rev nathaniel col ver went over to south boston saw the boy was much pleased with him and de termined in his heart and pocket to at once strike a trade more than all this it got wind that the boy was a catholic which was of course a great crime so much so very possibly along with the consideration that the boy was a very promising one that it was his duty to buy him in good time the papers were made out and doubly clinched and colver with a chosen interpreter went to the father and then and there by his own rendering and ' interpretation made the bargain paid the stipulated.sum in cash had the instrument signed and took the boy from his lather this constitutes as open a sale of a hu man being as could possibly be the re i cord of the slave-mart could not out par allel it such an infamous transaction as this coming from one who has occupied the position and held the fanatical opinions of colver has struck us with amazement it discovers not only the most scandalous inconsistency but want of principle and humanity which never before came to our ears the following is the document or bill of sale by which colver obtained possession of i the boy the reader will please give the ! word sell i its proper emphasis and meaning this agreement in two parts between benadito fontanarosa now commorant of j boston in the county of suffolk and state ' of massachusetts of the first part and nathaniel colver of said boston clergy ! man of the second part witnesseth : that whereas the said fontanarosa is ' the father of an infant son namely john baptist born on or about the tenth day of march in the year eighteen hundred and forty-one and whereas the said fontana : rosa is desirous to provide for the main tenance and education of said infant son in a better manner than he can see the prospect of doing under his own care : now therefore in consideration of the sum of one dollar to the said fon tanarosa paid by the said colver the re ceipt whereof is hereby acknowledged and in consideration of the promises and undertakings of the said colver herein j after written tbe said fontanarosa here : by grants sells assigns and conveys unto the said colver all his right and title and claim now existing or j hereafter to arise which he has or may ! have with the services of his said infant son until his said son shall arrive at the full age of twenty-one years with full power during said period to said colver granted and delegated to exercise over said fontanarosa or in his own name all the parental or other authority which the said fontanarosa might exercise oversaid i infant son until he shall arrive at the full ag;e of twentv-one vears as aforesaid and the said colver in consideration i thereof hereby undertakes and covenants 1 on his part to and with the said fontana rosa to take care of and provide for said child in sickness and in health and to ed ' ucafe sustain and govern said child in a ] lawful and proper manner and in the same manner and to the same extent as he would be required to do if said child were his own proper natural child until said child shall have arrived at the lull i age of twenty-one years and it is furthermore agreed between the parties that should the said colver die before the said child shall have ar rived at the full age of twenty-one years j the said fontanarosa shall not be releas i ed from this his obligation but if anv wid ; ow whom the said colver may leave or ■ other person under her direction or any person by said colver nominated before his death or appointed in any last will or : otherwise vviil continue to provide for said child as aloresaid this obligation shall still be binding on said fontanarosa without any further renewal or other act done and shall be deemed as running between said fontanarosa and said wid ow or other person in witness whereof the parties have hereunto set their hands and seals this seventh day of march in tbe year eigh i teen hundred and fifty-one nathaniel colver signed and i his sealed ) benadito y fontanarosa mark executed and delivered in presence of henrv faxton nicola roborito within a few days we understand that ! the father of the boy understanding the real merits ofthe case was much incens ed at the unheard ol proceeding at this ; few will be surprised that a man who has figured and preached and prayed for the *' poor slave and who has pretended more sympathy lor those in hondage than ; any other man in the city—that such a man should be guilty of such an atrocity 1 is almost beyond belief but here is the i proof in white and black duly signed and i sealed mr colver has thus made property of a human being and that in a state where it has not been done since the abolition of the slave law he has taken a fret man in a free stale and made him a slave for eleven years and all this for the con sideration of gold what an act is this j for a clergyman ol boston ! and more } than all for one like mr colver there ! is truly a rottenness in denmark our phi i losophy has never dreamed of j in the event of the boy running away mr colver would stand in the same rela • tion to his properly that potler did to the j fugitive slave sims he would have | the same right to pursue him and pre cisely the same constitutional questions wouid be brought up who knows but that this boasted conscience parson will i yet have occasion to chase and reclaim i through the law the human blood he has j got from the droppings of the sanctuary altogether this is a most amazing and j unexpected movement of the back-bone i of free soil party it is a singular coincidence that the i signing of this instrument was just one i year after hon daniel webster's great j speech on the compromise bill in the i united states senate the one effort ! exhibited a man in his greatest propor i tions—the other a clergyman tratiie ! ins for filthy lucre in his fellow man " oh my countryman what a contrast was there from the wilmington commercial i new discovery — imp rtant to north carolina sir—i saw at charleston a few days ago i a specimen of straw braid work the most • durable beautiful and ol the most cheap and abundant material in the world—one which your state can furnish in such vast iquantiies thai ihe whole world may be covered with straw hats at the very cheap est possible cost of material and yet the supply shall never fail the article i ai lude to is the leaves of common long pine ; prepared in somewhat the same way that rye straw is prepared for braiding that is gathered while growing the most lux rianlly and scalded and dried in the shade : . its toughness is then remarkable in fact it is almost indestructible i hope to see it generally subtituted in place ol straw or i cereal grains or imported grass for all braid work it makes beautiful and very durable work baskets and if used for a foundation for coveing with the leaves of the cones would greatly add to their value if any of my fair friends in the region of pines will prepare some articles of this kind with specimens of prepared or un prepared straw and forward them to me at the new york agricultural warehouse of n b allen vnc co no 750 and 101 water street new york i will exhibit them in the name of the maker for a pre mium lor a new american manufacture at the next fair of lhe american insti tute philadephia besidestaking every op portunity to call public attention to this as i consider very important matter through the columns ol the american ag riculturist and otherwise papers of the south generally may pro ' mote a new branch of indusrtry by calling attention to this new use of pine straw i am most respectfully your friend the 1 agricultural traveller solon robinson 1 wilmington n.c april 21,1851 1 we understand that the grand jury of gni : ford last week found a bill f indictmenl a 1 gainst a man named ballard for circulating a ' pamphlet similar to thai lor whieh mcllride wa i convicted at forsyth court ballard was im 1 prisoned but admitted to bail on monday last he is lhe same man we learn against whon i an indictment was sent in lo the grand jury a r last term and found not a true bid.—greens . j boro patriot r.o deception lu formerly regarded tbe sow without favor but was converted by p s white and is now a warm friend of the order w e v.il merely premise that i.e has been an accepta ble teai us that he had just been be fore th ix -.: linii _- c his certifi i i .. vu >; ry fr 11 this point * * • • • " well after i _ •: my pa>s i thought nothing more was t be done but go home and as soon as i could bave time go o our commhie cei employed and go to teaching but alas i had been juiiiy of the horri ble abominable and unheard of crime of " quit drink _-. oc j lining the sous of temperance don't be surprised till i say a little more you know our neigh borhood g .. rally ! ve tie ; .-. and it was almost un pardon::b!e for a man to rec ive a neighbor on a visit or ask bun 10 a working withm a plenty to drink : and if he v k or even et tijht oc casionally he was looked u;>.>:i as a low-life sneaking stingy scamp thai very body was ready to give a kick ; bat thank 1 r n<>w though there are yet a few of the oh stamp who think their word should be law and who are so obstinate as to hardly yield to any thing but a bottle of i..;-.ior a:id ta be plain such ar s<'n-.i . v.r ivnnnitiee hut i h^^^oidea tbey would object to me as a lead r b caal^^wts tempe rate on the contrary i thought they would employ me more willingly on th;it account moreover i had heard them express their opinion about me not a month before : they said they were w pi s d with my teach ing bs y r every body in the lxs:ri<-t was pleased and they had rather employ me than any one else •• but after i had been examined got my certificate and moreover received the praise of lhe examining cvm mittee,(novanity,1 and,wi s tisoftem perr>nce i presented myself l for ihem—hear the re sult 7 one got up and walked oil and pretty straight too better ihan common no j d.jn't know so well about it yet no 3 had heard some folks s:iy my price last year 15 dollars a month was too much and if i taught i must take lvss now who couldn't read the meaning of all this ? but i didn't give it up then i talked all the reasoning 1 nld every chance i got though i expected what was the matter and what would be the result finally after bothering me out of nearly a month's business in one w»y and another they conduded i might teach a sl after hearing me say i wouldn't do ii the fact was they didn't want me at all i had expected it and have since been told that it w;-.s so why ' because 1 wa a son of temperance " i am ni ■-■■ in another district at 319 a month and from july 16th to christmas i am to have j.i a month mmt temperance facts the following startling statements re late to eight different families in a single town the parents were moderate drink ers ! can heads of families read these facts without concern ? the first had one child a daughter a great sum was expended on her educa : tion she died irom the elfects of strong drink the second had an only son he was educated with great care and expense but was killed by wine the third had four sons and one daugh ter the daughter is a drunkaid and one son has gone lo a drunkard's grave the fourth had three sons one died of intemperance one killed in a duel and the other is a drunkard the fifth had one son who killed him self by drinking and two step-sons re drunkards on wine the sixth had live sons two are dead through intemperance and another is a drunkard the seventh had live sons four are drunkards and one through ihe influence of liquor is an idiot the eighth had live sons and three ne phews four of tlie sons have been kill ed by alcohol and the fifth is a drunkard and the three nephews are in the drunk ard's grave.—n y tiskft questionable slate of affairs the warrenton x c news boasts that there is not a drunkard nor a loafer in warren ton and but two cases on the stale dock et and not one on the civil at the recent session of the superior court wilhout intending to detract any thing from llie good character of warren coun tv we must give the opinion of the law vers on tins subject they say that where there is litigation there is wealth and by consequence there must be poverty where there is not.p we diii'er from the opinion ourself but as the opinions of the gentlemen oi the bar are not to be lightly treated we call the attention ofthe news to this fact lest he halloo before be is out ofthe woods if were going to measure a community by the amount of its litigation we should do do it alter this fashion that where ihere is most litigation there is the least honor and ch islianity.—fay carolinian earthquakes of a destructive character occurred in turkey in asia and on the biack sea and at the island of rhodes the tirst shock took place on the 26th of februarv last at rhodes where several houses were thrown down burying per sons in the ruins at the town of makri between the ' rodope mountains and archipelago sea morse's atlas of greece paly and pur key many ol the houses stores or build ings were thrown down and hundreds kihed fissures opened in the street emitting sulphurous vapors producing soffocation old springs dried up andj new ones bursu-d out at tlie town of levissy 15l>0 were thrown down burying itj^m ed juo people which iiumiiim re th^^^^^^^^b in the km 1 iu fl fl ■