Carolina Watchman

              term of the watchman . ,,. ,,, r year two dollars payable in " ' r r if not paid in advance two dollars i """"' ,^ == -, pl^vjdmxts message concluded if]v i(e the early attention of congress y present condition of our citizens in rj fjnder our treaty with that pow j m erican citizens are withdrawn from diction whether civil or criminal chinese government and placed that of our public functionaries in intry by these alone can our cit fried and punished for the com iif any crime ; by these alone can s be decided between them in ihe rights of person and property ; these alone can contracts be en into which they may have entered „ .. the citizens of subjects of foreign the merchant vessels of the united states lying in the waters of the ive ports of china open to foreign com r p r ce n rp under lhe exclusive jurisdic • iin af officers of their own government r b tj congress shall establish competent - to try and punish crimes and to jurisdiction in civil cases in chi ,-. merican citizens there are subject to lw whatever crimes may be com litteil with impunity and debts maybe jontn-cted without any means to enforce ll^/r payment inconveniences have al resulted from the omission of con legislate upon the subject and er are apprehended the brit ii ities in china have already com r i 1 lhatjthis government has not pro ihe punishment of crimes or the lent of contracts against ameri ens in that country whilst their government has established tribunals by i american citizen can recover • from british subjects imed as the ( ihinese are to sum stice.ihey could not be made to nd why criminals who are ciii he united slates should escape riih impunity in violation of treaty obli t'hilst the punishment of a chi k*p u bo had committed any crime a njustan american citizen would be rig sacted indeed the consequen ie fatal to american citizens in | na should t flagrant crime be commit rfbyany one of them upon a chinese l«l should trial and punishment not fob r according to lhe requisitions oi the this might disturb if not destroy liy relations with that empire uu cause an interruption of our valuable hnmcrce ur treaties with the sublime porte iripoli tunis morocco and muscat also uire the legislation of congress to carry m into execution though lhe necessity ir immediate action may not be so ur jut as in regard lo china . ■ secretary of state has submitted ■ estimate to defray the expense of open ly diplomatic relations with the papal wes the interesting political events if in progress in these states as well lijust regard to our commercial inter \ have in my opinion rendered such a mstire highly expedient estimates have also been submitted for outlets and salaries of charges d"af l's to the republics of bolivia guata :'... nnd ecuador the manifest im wance of cultivating the most friendly biions with all lhe independent states pen this continent has induced me to re hnmend appropriations necessary for the aiotenance of these missions irecommend to congress that an ap jbpria'ion be made to be paid lo the ■ iiisli government for the purpose of tribuiion among the claimants in '• the itaistad case i entertain the conviction litis is due to spain under the treaty ie twentieth of october 171)5 and lhat from the earnest manner ■ which the claim continues to be urged long as it shall remain unsettled it wall source of irritation and discord be j ii the two countries which may prove : iy prejudicial to the interests of the n ates good policy no less than ithful compliance with our treaty ob requires that the inconsiderable irtopriation demand shoulded be made a detailed statement of ihe condition tances will be presented in the port ol'the secretary of the trea • imports for the iastgfiscal year i the 30th of june l847 we're of y title of one hundred and forty-six ion five hundred ami forty-live thou tundred and thirty eight dollars lhe amount exported was eight on eleven thousand one hundred and • dollars leaving one hundred y-eight millions five hundred and ; y-tour thousand four hundred and p--y dollars in the country for domestic '■'• rhe value of the exports for the f*e period was one hundred and fifty jbt million six hundred and forty-ei^ht jasand six hundred and twen-two dol *.; ol which one hundred and fiftv mill j six hundred and thirty seven thousand j hundred and sixty-four dollars consis lomestic productions and eight . on eleven thousand one hundred and it dollars of foreign articles ■ cipts into the treasury f or the amounted to twenty-six mill hundred and forty-six thousand en hundred and ninety dollars and thir r v cn cents of which then was derived toms twenty-three million seven and forty-seven thousand eight and sixty-lour dollars and sixtv • 5 from sales of public lands two our hundred and ninety-eight i three hundred and thirty-five a nd twenty cents and from inc 1 miscellaneous sources one hun 0«sand five hundred and seven > and fifty-one cents the last .,. w during which this amount h r nt embraced five months s*na of)eratio " of the tariff act of l arifr ar s f ev ? , i nonths durin *? w hich ™ of 1846 was in force du t the carolina watchman bruner & james > editors df proprietors i " k " p a c " eck up0n all y °™ s new series do this axd liberty is safe " < gen'l harrison ( number 34 of volume iv salisbury iv c thtjrsn a\^t>vrv\7^^w177f ring the five months under the act of 1842 the amount received from customs was seven million eight hundred and forty-two thousand three hundred and six dollars and ninety cents and during the seven months under the act of 1810 the amount received was fifteen million nine hundred and five thousand five hundred and fifty seven dollars and seventy-six cents the nett revenue from customs during the year ending on the 1st of december 1840 being the last year under the ope ration of lhe tariff act of 1842 was twen two million nine hundred and seventy-one thousand four hundred and three dollars and ten cents ; and the nett revenue from customs during the year ending on the first of december 1817 being the first year under lhe operation of the tariff act of 1840 was about thirty-one million five hundred thousand dollars being an in crease of revenue for the first year under the tariff act of 1840 of more than eight millian five hundred thousand dollars over that of the year'under the tariifof 1842 the expenditures during the fiscal year ending on the 30th of june hist were fifty nine million four hundred and fifty-one thousand one hundred and seventy-seven dollars and sixty-five cents ; of which three million five hundred and twenty-two dollars and thirty seven cents was on ac count of payment of principal and inter est of lhe debt including treasury notes redeemed and not founded the expen ditures exclusive of payment of public debt were fifty-five million nine hundred and twenty-nine thousand and ninety-five dollars and twenty eight cents it is estimated that the receipts into the treasury for the fiscalfyear ending on the 30th of june 1840 including the balance in the treasury on the 1st of july last will amount to forty-two million eight hun dred and eighty six thousand cwe hundred and forty-five dollars and eighty cents of which thirty-one million it is estimated will be derived from customs ; three mill ion five hundred thousand from the sale of the public lands four hundred thou sand from incidental sources including sales made by the solicitor of the treas ury ; and six million two hundred and eighty five thousand two hundred and ninety four dollars and fifty five cents from loans already authorized by law which together with the balance in the treasu ry on lhe first of july last make the sum estimated the expenditures for the same period if peace with mexico shall not be conclu ded and the army shall be increased as is proposed will amount including the necessary payments on account of princi pal and interest of the public debt and treasury notes to fifty eight million six hundred and fifteen thousand six hundred and sixty dollars and seven cents on the first of the present month the amount of lhe public debt actually incur red including treasury notes was forty five millions six hundred and fifty nine thousand six hundred and fifty nine dol lars and forty cents the public debt due on t^e 4l h ol march 1845 including trea ' sury notes was seventeen millions seven hundred and eighty eight thousand s.ven hundred and ninety nine dollars and sixty two cents and consequently the addition made to the public debt since that time is twenty seven millions eighty hundred and seventy thousand eight hundred and fifty nine dollars and seventy eight cents of the loan of twenty three millions authorized by the act of lhe twenty eighth of january 1847 the sum of live millions was paid out to the public creditors or exchanged at par lor specie ; the remain ing eighteen millions was offered for spe cie to the highest bidder not below par by an advertisement issued by the secre tary of the treasury and published from the ninth of february until the tenth of april 1817 when it was awarded to the several highest bidders at premiums va rying from one eighth of one per cent to two per cent above par the premium h.as been paid into the treasury and the sums awarded deposited in specie in the treasury as fast as it was required by the wants of the government to meet lhe expenditures for the re mainder of the present and for the next fiscal year ending on the thirtieth of june l849 a further loan in aid of the ordinary revenues of the government will be ne cessary retaining a sufficient surplus in the treasury the loan required for the re mainder of the present fiscal year will be about eighteen millions five hundred thousand dollars if the duty on tea and coffee be imposed and the graduation of the price of the public lands shall be made at an early period of your session as recommended the loan for the present fiscal year may be reduced to seventeen millions of dollars the loan may be further reduced by whatever amount of expenditures can be saved by military contributions collected in mexico the most vi r . ls measures for the augmen tation ot these contributions have been directed and a very considerable sum is expected from that source its amount cannot however be calculated with a un certainty it i s recommended that the loan to be made be authorized upon the same terms and for the same lime as hat which was authorized under the provi sions of the act of the 28th of january 1847 j should the war with mexico be con ' tinued until the 30th of june 1849 it is estimated that a further loan of twenty millions five hundred thousand dollars will be required for the fiscal year ending on that day in case no duty be imposed on tea and coffee and the public lands be not reduced and graduated in price and no military contributions shall be collected in mexico if the duty on tea and coffee be imposed and the lands be reduced and graduated in price as proposed the joan may be reduced to seventeen millions of dollars and will be subject to be still fur ther reduced by the amount of the mili tary contributions which may be collected in mexico it is nnt proposed however at present to ask congress for authority to negotiate this loan for the next fiscal year as it is hoped that lhe loan asked for the remainder of the present fiscal year aided by military contributions which may be collected in mexico may be sufficient if contrary to my expectation there should be a necessity for it lhe fact will be com municated to congress in time for their action during the present session in no event will a sum exceeding six millions of dollars of this amount be needed before the meeting of ihe session of congress in december 1848 the act of the 30th of july 1846 " re ducing the duties on imports has been in force since the first of december last ; and i am gratified to state that all the benefi cial effects which were anticipated from its operation have been fully realized the public revenue derived from customs du ring the year ending on the first of decem ber 1817 exceeds by more lhan eight mil lions of dollars the amount received in the preceding year under the operation of the act of 1812 which was superseded and repealed by it its effects are visible in the great and almost unexampled prospe rity which prevails in every branch of bu siness while the repeal of the prohibitory and restrictive duties of.the act of 1842 and the substitution in iheir place of reasona ble revenue rates levied on articles in ported according to their actual value has increased the revenue and augmented our foreign trade all the great interests of the country have been advanced and pro mo'ed the great and important interests of agriculture which had not only too much neglected but actually taxed under the protective policy for the benefit of other interests have been relieved of the bur dens which that policy imposed on them and our farmers and planters under a more just and liberal commercial policy are finding new and profitable markets abroad for their augmented products our commerce is rapidly increasing and is extending more widely the circle of international exchanges great as has been the increase of our imports during the past year our exports of domestic pro ducts sold in foreign markets have been still greater our navigating interest is eminently prosperous the number of vessels built in the united states has been greater than during any preceding period of equal length large profit have been derived by those who have constructed as well as by those who have navigated them should the ratio of increase in the number of our merchant vessels be progressive and be as great for the future as during the past year the time is not distant when our tonnage and commercial marine will be larger than that of any other nation in the world whilst the interests of agriculture of commerce and of navigation have been enlarged and invigorated it is highly grat ifying to observe that our manufactures are also in a prosperous condition none of the ruinous effects upon this interest which were apprehended hy some as the result of the operation of the revenue sys tem established by the act of 1810 have | been experienced on the contrary the number of manufactories and the amount of capital invested in them is steadily and r h>idly increasing affording gratifying proof s jjtt ia t american enterprise and skill employe in this branch of domestic in dustry with no other advantages than those fairly and incidentally accruing from a just system of revenue duties are abun dantly able to meet successfully all com pel ition from abroad and still derive fair and remunerating profits while capital invested in manufactures is yielding adequate and fair profits un der the new system the wages of labor whether employed in manufactures ag riculture commerce or navigation have been augmenled the toiling millions whose daily labor furnishes the supply of food and raiment and all the necessaries and comforts of life are receiving higher wages and more steady and permanent employment than in any other country or at any previous period of our own history so successful have been all branches of our industry that a foreign war which generally diminishes the resources of a nation has in no essential degree retard ed our onward progress or checked our general prosperity with such gratifying evidences of pros perity and of the successful operation of the revenue act of 1840 every considera tion of public policy recommends that it shall remain unchanged it is hoped that the system of impost duties which it es tablished may be regarded as the perma nent policy of the country and that the great interests affected by it may not a gain be subject to be injuriously disturbed as they have heretofore been by frequent and some times sudden changes for lhe purpose of incresing the reven ue and without changing or modifying the rates imposed by the act of 184g on the dutiable articles embraced by its pro visions i again recommend to your favor able consideration the expediencv of levy ing a revenue duty on tea and coffee the policy which exempted these articles from duty during peace and when the revenue to be derived from them was not needed ceases to exist when lhe country is enga ged in war and requires the use of all its available resources it is a tax which would be so generally diffused among the people that it would be felt oppressively by none and be complained of by none ~ it is be lieved that there are not in the list of im ported articles any which are more pro perly the subject of war duties than tea and coffee it is estimated that three millions ot dollars would be derived annually by a moderate duty imposed on these articles should congress avail itself of this ad ditional source of revenue not only would the amount of the public loan rendered necessary by the war with mexico be di minished to that extent but the public credit and the public continence m tne ability and determination of the govern ment to meet all its engagements prompt ly would be more firmly established and tbe reduced amount of the loan which it may be necessary to negotiate could pro bably be obtained at cheaper rates congress is therefore called upon to de termine whether it is wiser to impose the war duties recommended or by omitting to do so increase the public debt annual ly three millions of dollars so long as loans shall be required to prosecute the war and afterwards provide in some other form to pay the semi-annual interest up on it and ultimately to extinguish the prin cipal if in addition to these duties con gress should graduate and reduce the price of such of the public lands as expe rience has proved will not command the price placed upon them by the govern ment an additional annual income to the treasury of between half a million and a million of dollars it is estimated would be derived frorn this source should both measures receive the sanction of congress the annual amount of public debt neces sary to be contracted during the continu ance of the war would be reduced near four millions of dollars the duties re commended to be levied on tea and coffee it is proposed shall be limited in their du ration to the end of the war and until the public debt rendered necessary to be con tracted by it shall be discharged the amount of the public debt to be contrac ted should be limited to the lowest prac ticable sum and should be extinguished as early after the conclusion of the war as the means of the treasury will permit with this view it is recommended that as soon as the war shall be over all the surplus in the treasury not needed for other indispensable objects shall consti tute a sinking fund and be applied to the purchase of the funded debt and that au thority be conferred by law for that pur pose the act of the cth of august 184g " to estahlish a warehousing system has been in operation more than a year and has proved to be an important auxiliary to the tariff act of 1810 in augmenting the rev enue and extending the commerce of the country whilst it has tended to enlarge commerce it has been beneficial to our manufactures by diminishing forced sales at auction of foreign goods at low prices to raise the duties to be advanced on them and by checking fluctuations in the mar ket the system although sanctioned by the experience of other countries was en tirely new in the united states and is sus ceptible of improvement in some of its pro visions the secretary of the treasury upon whom was devolved large discretion ary powers in carrying this measure into effect has collected and is now collating the practical results of the system in oth er countries where it has long been es tablished and wiil report at an early pe riod of your session such further regula tions suggested by the investigation as may render it still more effctive and ben eficial by the act to " provide for the better organization of the treasury and for the collection safe keeping and disbursement of the public revenuer all banks were dis continued as fiscal agents of the govern ment and the paper currency issued by them was no longer permitted to be receiv ed in payment of public dues the constitutional treasury created by this act went into operation on the first of january last under tbe system es tablished by it the public moneys have been collected safely kept and disbursed by the direct agency of officers ot the government in gold and silver and trans fers of large amounts have been made from points of collection to points of dis bursement without loss to the treasury or injury or inconvenience to the trade of the country while the fiscal operations of the gov ernment have been conducted with reg ularity and ease under this system it has had a salutary effect in checking and pie venting an undue inflation of the paper currency issued by the banks which exist under state charters requiring as it does all dues to the government to be paid in gold and silver its effect is to re strain excessive issues of bank piper by thp banks disproportioned to lhe specie in their vaults for the reason lhat ihey are at all times liable to be called on by the holders of their notes for their redemption in order to obtain specie for the payment of duties and other public dues the banks therefore must keep their bu-ine-s within prudent limits and be always in a condition lo meet such calls or rim the hazard of being compelled to suspend spe cie payments and be thereby discredited the amount of specie imported into the i nited slates during the last fiscal year was twenty four million one hundred and twenty one thousand two hundred and eighty nine dollars of which there was retained in tbe country twenty two million two hundred and seventy six thousand one hundred and seventy dollars had the iormer financial system prevailed and the public moneys been placed on deposit in batiks nearly the whole of ihis amount would have gone in'o tlieir vaults not to be thrown into circulation by them but to be withheld from tbe hands of the people as a currency and made the basis of new and enormous issues of bank paper a large proportion of the specie imported has been paid into he treasury for pub lic dues ; and after having been to a srreat extent recoined at the mint has been paid out to the public cretlitors and gone into circulation as acurrencv among lhe peo ple 1 ne amount of gold and silver coin now in circulation in the country is larger than at any former period the financial system established by lhe con : stitutional i reasury has been ihus far eminent ly s-uccess-lul in its operations and i recom mend an adherence to all its essential provi sions and especially to that vital provision which separates lhe government from all con nexion with hanks and excludes bank paper from all revenue receipts in some of its details not involving its general principles lhe sysiem is defective and wil require modification these defects and such amendments as are deemed important were set forth in the last annual report of the secretary of the treasury these amendments are again recommended to the early and favora ble consideration of congress during the past year the coinage of ihe mint and its branches has exceeded twenty millions of dollars this has consisted chiefly in con verting the coins of foreign countries into amer ican coin the largest amount of foreign coin imported has been received at new york ; and if a branch mint was established at lhat city all the foreign coin received al that port could at once be con verted into our coin without the expense risk and delay of transporting it lo lhe mint for that purpose and lhe amount recoined would be much larger experience has proved that foreign coin and especially foreign gold coin will not circulale extensively as a currency among lhe people — the important measure of extending our specie ! circulation both of gold and silver and of difiu sing it among the people can only be effected by converting such foreign coin into american coin i repeat the recommendation conlained in my hist annual message for the establish ment of a branch of the mint of the united states at the city of new york all the publie lands whieh had been survey ed and were ready for market have been pro claimed lor sale during the past year the quantity offered and to be offered for sale under proclamations issued since the first of january last amounts lo nine million one hundred antl thirty-eight thousand five hundred thirty-one acres the prosperity of lhe western states and territories in whieh these lands lie will be advanced by their speedy sale by withhold ing them from market their growth and in crease of population would be retarded while thousands of our enterprising and meritorious frontier population would be deprived of lhe op portunity of securing freeholds for themselves and their families bul in addition lo the gen end considerations which rendered the early sale of these lands proper it was a leading oh lcct at this time to derive as large a sum as pos sible from lliis source and thus diminish by that amount ihe public loan rendered necessa ry by tiie es stence of a foreign war it is estimated that not less than ten millions of acres of the public lands will ho surveyed and be in a condition to be proclaimed for sale during the year if 13 in mv last annual message i presented reasons which in my judgment rendered it proper to graduate and reduce lhe nice i | - of lhe public lauds t have remained unsold for long periods after they itad been offered for sale at public audit n many mii!i"tis of acres of public lands lying within the limits ot several of t lie western stales have been offered in lhe market and been subject lo sale at private entry for more than twenty years and large quantities tor more than thirty years at the lowest price prescribed by the exi-lin laws uud it has been found lhal they will not command lhat price they im remain unsold and uncultivated lor an indefinite period unless lhe ptice demanded lor them by the government shall be reduced no satis factory reason i perceived why ihey should bo longer held at rales above their real value at the present period an additional reason exi*ts for adopting ihe measure recommended when the counlry is engaged in a foreign war and we must necessarily resort to loans il would seem to be the dictate of wisdom that we should avail ourselves of all our resources and thus limit the amount of lhe public indebtedness lo lhe lowest possible sum i recommend that the existing laws on the subject of pre-emption rights be amended and modified so as to operate prospectively and lo embrace all who may seitle upon the public lands and make improvements upon them before they are surveyed an well as afterwards in all cases where such settlements may be made atier the indian title shall have been extin i guished il the right of pre-emplion be thus extended it will embrace a large and meritorious class of our citizens it will increase ihe number of small freeholders upon our borders who will be enabled thereby to educate their children and otherwise improve iheir condition while : ihey will be found at all times as ihev have ever proved themselves lo be in the hour of danger to iheir country among our hardiest and best volunteer soldiers ever read to len der iheir sen ices in cases of esnergeacy and among the last to leave the field as long as an enemy remains io be encountered such a policy will also impress lhe*-e patriotic pioneer emigrants with deeper feelings of ralitude tbr the parental care of iheir government when ihey find their dearest interests cured loihem by ihe permanent laws of the land and lhal they are no longer in danger ol losing iheir homes and hard-earned improvements bv being brought into competition w.th a more wealth v class of purchasers at the land sales tl.e attention ol congress was invited at their last and the preceding session to ihe im portance of establishing a territorial govern mem over our possessions in oregon : and it is lo be regretted that there was ao legislation on the subject our citizens w bo inhabit lhal dis tant region of country are sliil left without the protection of our laws or any regularly organ ized government before ibe question of omits and boundaries ol the territory of oregon was definitively settled irom the necessity of iheir condition the inhabitants had established a lem !• i.ity government of iheir own besides lhe wan ol legal authority for continuing such a go vernment it is wholly inadequate to proiect them in their rights of pers ti and property cv to secure i i hem lhe enjoj inent of the pi ivifeges ot other citizens lo which ibey are entitled un der tbe constitution of the united states they right nf suffrage he represented iu a territorial legislature and by a delegate in congress and possess all ibe tights and privileges which citizens of other portions of tha territories ol'the united state have heretolore enjoyed or may now ei our judicial system revenue laws laws reg ulating trade and intercourse with ibe indian -. and lhe protection of our laws geneially should be extended over i bent in addition lo the inhabitants in that terri tory who had previously emigrated t it large numbers of our citizens have followed ihen du ring the present year and il is not doubled lhat during the nevt and subsequent years their numbers will be greatly increased congress at its la-1 session em.«b!i--hed post routes leading to oregon and bet ween different points within that territory and authorized tbe establishment of post ollices at astoria and such other places on the coasls of the pacific within the territory of the united states as tho public interests may req lire post ollices have accoidin^iv been established deputy post masters appointed antl provision made foe the transportation of the mails the preservation of peace with the indian tribes residing west of lhe rocky mountains will render it proper lhat auihoilty shall be given by law for the appointment of an ade quate number ol indian agents to reside amon them i recommend that a survevor general's office be establi-hed in lhat territory antl lhat the public lands be surveyed and brought into mar ket at an early period i recommend also lhat grants upon liberal terms of limited quantities of lhe public lands be made to ail citizens of the united states who have emigrated or may hereafter within a pre scribed period emigrate lo oregon and seille upon lliem these hardy antl adventurous citi zens who have encountered the dangers and privations of a long ami toilsome journey and have at length found an abiding-place for them selves and their fimilies upon ihe utmost ver^e of our western limits should he secured in the homes which they have improved by iheir labor i refer you to the accompanying report of lhe secretary of war for a detailed account of lhe operations of lhe various branches of the pub lie service connected with the deparlment un der his charge the duties devolving on this department have been unusually onerous and responsible during the past jrear and have been discharged with ability and success pacilic relations continue to exist with ihe various indian tribes aud most of them mani fest a strong ft iendship for the united states some depredations were committed during the past year upon our train transporting supplies t ■ » r the army on the road between the western border of missouri and santa fe these depre dations which are supposed to have been corn mitted by bands trom the region ot new mexi co have been arrested bj the presence of a military force ordered oui ! ir that purpose — some outrages have been perpetrated i v a por tion of the northwestern hands upon lhe weak er and comparatively defenceless neighboring tribes prompt measures were taken to pre vent such occurrence in future between one and two thousand indians be longing to several tribes hate been removed during the year ir im ibe east of ti mississip pi to ii country allotted i t ti to west of that tiver as iheir permanent home and arrange ments have beeii mad • for < ibers lo l ill a sine th treatv i 18 16 with the chen kees the feuds among ihem appear to have subsi led and they have becon m re united and con tented than th v i i e been t ■ > r many \ tt * past the commissioners appointed in pursuance of tho act of j'ttie twenly-seventb 1846 lo * elaims arising under the ire it \ t ;' 1 -:,."> mi n ith lhat tribe hate ex scuted iheir duties : ;.'.<:, af ler a paiienl investigation and a full and fail examination nfall lhe cases brought before ibem closed ibefr labors in the month of july last this is the fourth hoard ol commissioners n hich has been organized under ibis treaty ample opportunity has been afforded lo all those inte rested to bi itil r 1'iw aid ibeir claims nn doubt is entertained ibat impartial justice bas been -, ihe late board and lhat all valid claims embi iced l.y ibe treaty have been considered :. this result and lhe final .-• men lo lie made w ith thi iribe under lhe trea ty of 1-46 which will be completed and laid before you during your sessi in will adj .*: all questions of controversy between ihem and the united states and produce a state of r ttions wilh them simple well defined and satisfactory under lhe discretionary authority conferred by the act 1 the id of m irch last the annui ties due to the various tribes have been paid dining the present year to the heads of families instead of their chiefs or such persons as they might designate as required by lhe laws pre viously exi-iing this mode of payment has given general satisfaction to the greal bodv of lhe indians justice has been done to lh«-m and they are grateful to lhe government for it a few chief and interested persons may object set fourth 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