mx — titabou i v.milma-y tf * 0l ™ . : two do.xaks-paya.le in i advance two dol,ars f tt3»ertb.«these«t al.b l.i,o sdvertisrb he year -- agricultural ,,„,„, instruction we desire ' ; ' eaiion of ihe alabama le <; c no in sesson to the following ntbe working farmer it :; rii eif...nd certainly contains of practical interest we xk io see something done by tn promote the cause of scientif &*££ mobile adver instance necessary for the j . is arriving he many of the j ln y^islarcrcs commence their annu jfand as in past years different " he discussed for the attainment irabie object i ah hment of agricultural col j schools experiment farms c j : j m the opinion of many extreme • ble ate too expensive to meet gm favor while the mere endovv lj agricultural societies alone.proves tr i to bring about the desired re "*" the holding ol public fairs by these rtbas produced and is producing ''..' official results by offering pre a competition and thus causing vr exertions on the part of the grow l'-o produce crops of superior kinds ' he means by which these crops may economically produced is not made , vvn j n a dependable manner and thro viable sources press is doing much ■.,.- aate knowledge but the whole .-. editorial cannot be expected to be radical or theoretical and there . i part only of our agricultural papers „ be considered as truly useful while k less valuable portions will continue to kotate through the exertions of agents c:.ng only with business motives the larger states will doubtless form jreaus of agriculture embracing all or •.:'. of the plans proposed while the tiller states will follow the example of foreland so far effective and with such maitmcals as her experience has ,'_ to be necessary iv best and most economical plan yet sed is ihat reported by the commit e b agriculture of the legislature of lev jersey and if cariied out as recom •-. i in the bill will doubtless result idvancing the best inleresisof the state :. bill proposes the appointment of a .- agriculturist whose duties are : '..'. to deliver a course of lectures on rciii'ure in each county each year hudeocing with the county lowns and u z ilie place of lecturing under the j '•• jvitof the legislative representa ires/hun ihe counties •• to make an annual report to the ■'- sture embracing all the improve j ! ) agriculture horticulture cc j jig an account of all the improved ibestate and the means by which ' ive been produced so as to enable • ; ■ avail of ihe current improve ihe year this report to be pub hy the legislature and gratuitous ed among the farmers a report would be a text book to •*«. and the facts there set forth j • : refer to crops raised sufficiently em to insure an examination in loobt or distrust °- the stale agriculturist is required j win the formation of county agri j al societies where none exist and ! ee mw supplied wiih the current yemenis 0 f t h e time to do which " re i r fd c correspond with the ag \ jural societies of other states so as i - f p himself fully posted up in all im to be delivered by this a eto be free to all citizens and ut be the cause of rendering lo , ™ fetnents the common property of te ational meetings on agricul ! ■■--.. be established in every town 7 rem experience this plan has : o be of great usefulness — ch an officer however the es l-'t conversational meetings ' farmers clubs and even ;■ societies are neglected from *.__!_ oltlcer tould ' and doubtless i ce one or more farmers in ; co u uniy . l ° raise lhe standard crops of 11 ihe most approved manner m a praclic ' dl instance could be h , the applications of im nurts ' mod <* of culture ___.., made known to the many while asd p ft sed by heoris s would be '-*<* suh csted ' lndeed ' lhe trav * n officer ' if j udicious y ■*■ s lnfusc a s p iritof inquiry and '• -<._.. ! v ° uld a,id materially to * e of state toeijarqlina watchman7 j j bruner a r_s ,- t " keep a check upon all voca editor 3f proprietor ) rulers ( new series do this axd liberty is safe \ gen i harrison ( volume viii number 38 salisbury n c thursday january 22 1852 from the plow virginia farming general peyton of richmond purchased a farm seven or eight miles above the cily on jam«»s river some two or three years a<»o which was in the same condition as thousands of others in that stale whose owners have a bandoned them as worthless or ralherso worn out and unproductive as not io he wonh culti valing for this reason thousands have emi grated from virginia lo newer and more fertile lands in some of the western states for the sole reason lhat they could no longer support their families and servants upon a soil which produced old pines and broom straw and but little else and why ? because it had been scratched not ploughed year after year until the surface exhausted of fertility ; and however great ihe amount of richness beneath it was lo the owner a hidden mine ; for he had a deep rooted prejudice against deep rooting his plows into the earth — " twould ruin ihe land though if practiced il certainly could nol have done so more effectually lhan the ruinous system which be has pursued lo ruin himself aud land too here now within a stone's throw of the rich wheal and clever fields of gen peyton can be seen ihe same kind of land as his cov ered with thai worthless product — the most worthless scrubby pines and broom straw — contrasting with his fields like a desert waste by the side of a garden of fruits and flowers by what magic has he wrought ihis change not alone by the expenditure cf capital for lime plaster bone dust guano or olher fertil izers but because he has " plowed deep while sluggards sleep producing corn to sell nd keep he has procured the best plows lhat couid be obtained and used them with four horses to a turning plow followed by three more sub soiling every furrow in ihe stiff bollom land a foot and a half deep this alone hat the ef fect lo restore ihe fertility to a degree that will treble ihe crops he has every prospect now of twenty bushels of wheal to ihe acre and counts confidently on ten barrels fifty bushel of corn his method of preparing land for corn is so much in contrast with theirs who plant firsl and sow the land afterwards lhat we will stale il : in the first place the land was plowed and subsoiled last fall eighteen inches deep this spi tug il was well plowed wiih two horses and now april 25ib i being planted alier the following preparation : a coul ter — which is somewhat ol the nature ol a small subsoil plow — is run twelve inches deep twice in a row and all ihe ground loosened up by an irontooth harrow ; and ihe corn covered by a double furrow ol the coulter and then all the clods are carefully raked off by small iron tooth rakes which are far superior in every respect lo hoes for that purpose the ease wilh which such land is tended ihrough ihe sea son would surprise some ol ihose who never plow till afler ihe corn is up when ihey break out ihe middle it il can be called breaking by a little scracihitig of a shovelplow drawn by a poor mule such examples as gen peyton and others are setting in virginia are causing a great rev olution in thai state old field lands are bought often at greatly advanced prices ; and people are beginning lo find il is more profitable lo improve their own farms lhan it is to run off in pursuit of new ones truly the spirit of im provement is abroad ; who shall limit its vast advantages to ihe whole country ? singular mode of courtship the rev dr l an eminent scotch j divine and professor of theology was re j markable lor absence of mind and indif ference to worldly affairs his mind wrapt up in lofty contemplations could seldom stoop to the ordinary business of ; life and when at any time he did attend to secular affairs he generally went about ihem in a way unlike any body else as the history ot his courtship will show ; he was greatly beloved by his elders and congregation was full of simplicity and sincerity and entirely unacquainted with j the etiquette of the world living the soli tary comlortless life of a bachelor his el j ders gave him frequent hints that his do j mestic happiness would be much increas ( ed by his taking to himself a wife and | pointed out several young ladies in bis congregation any of whom might be a j fit match or companion for him the elders finding all tbe hints had no j effect in rousing the doctor to the using of ■ the means preliminary to entering into a • matrimonial alliance at last concluded to wait upon him and stir him up to the per formance of his duty they urged on him the ad vantages of marriage its happiness spoke of it as a divine institution aud as affording all the enjoyments of sense and in short all the sweets of domestic j life the doctor approved of all they j said and apologised for his past neglect of duty on account of many difficult pas sages of scripture he had of late been at tending to and promised to look after it the first convenient season the elders however were not to pe put off any lon ger ; they insisted on the doctor at once making use of the means and requested from him a promise tbat on monday af ternoon he would straightway visit tbe bouse of a willow lady a few doors from liim who bad three pretty daughters and who were the most respectable in the doc tor's congregation to solve any difficult passage in the book of genesis — reconcile apparent discrepancies clear up a knotty text would have been an easy task lo the doctor compared with storming the wid ow's premises but to the raising of the siege the doctor must go and wiih great gravity and simplicity gentle reader you can imagine you see him commencing the work alter the usual salutations were over he said to mrs vv n my sessions have of late been advising me to take a wife and recommended me to call upon you ; and as you have three fine daugh ters i would like to say a word to the el dest if you have no objection miss w n enters and ihe doctor with his characteristic simplicity said to her my sessions have been advising me to lake a wife and recommended me to call upon you the young lady who had seen some thirly summers was not to be caught so easily she laughed heartily at the doctor's abruptness ; hinted to him that in making a sermon was it not necessary to say someihing first to introduce the subject properly belore he entered fully upon it ; and as for her part she was determined not to surrender her liberty at a moment's warning — " the honor of her sex was con cerned in her standing out this was all a waste ol time to the doctor and he re quested to see her sister miss e w n then entered and to save time the doctor says " my sessions have been advising me to take a wife and i had been speaking to your sister who has just gone out at the door and as she is not inclined that way what would you think of being mrs l n ?" oh doc tor i don't know ; it is rather a serious question marriage you know binds one for life and it should not be rashly entered into i would not consent without taking time to deliberate upon it " my time says the doctor " is so much occupied and as my session has said so much to me on the business that i must finish it to day if i can so you had best tell your moth er lo send in your youngest sister to speak to me in a moment comes ihe honest lively miss mary vv n come away my child it is gelling on in the afternoon and j must get home lo my studdies i have been speaking to both of your sisters on a litile business and they have declin ed lam a man of few words and with out misspending precious time what would you ihink of being made mrs l n _" indeed i always thought a good deal of you doctor and if my mother does not say agftinst it i have no objections the doctor left miss mary in a few minutes enjoining her to fix ihe day for any would suit him ; but to send him up word the day before the doctor was scarcely home before a keen dispule aros in the family among the three young ladies all claiming the doctor the eldest one said the offer was first made to her and she did not positively refuse the second declared that she wished only a little time to think upon it ; and the younger insisted that it was com pletely with her the mother ofthe young ladies was in such difficulty with her daughters that she was obliged to call up on ihe doctor himself to settle the dispute she called and ihe reverend doctor in his characteristic way said my dear mrs w n i am very fond of peace in 1am ilies ; it is all the same thing to me which of themand just settle it among yourselves send me up word the doctor was mar ried to the youngest and one of his sons is at this day a respectable clergyman in the land o the mountain and the flood — st louis bulletin benefit of apprenticeship — there is an important feature in the regulation of a master-mechanic which is frightful to some kind parent's heart and that is the five to seven years apprenticeship the boy who learns a trade must submit to but it is an excellent discipline it takes the lad at a critical peried ol life when he perhaps has a disposition averse to steady employment when he is inclined to roam at large amid the contaminating influen ces about him and puts him to a steady round of duties severe at first but soon becoming from habit agreeable ; and when his minority expires his steady hab its and industry are established and he comes forth a man the master of a trade of fixed principles and good habits a bless ing to himself and the community or at least this ought to be the result of an ap prenticeship where both master and ap prentice mutually discharge their duty to each other if parents would but look at it aright they would declare that had they many sons they should learn trades contrast the youth just alluded to with him who having a horror of an apprenticeship is allowed to run at large at the most crit ical period of life for forming habits he is forming ihose ihat are ihe reverse of industry he is not fitting himself to be a man but wearing away his boyhood in idleness the partial parent sees this yet has not fortitude to avert it at twen ty one years of age the first-named lad comes out a good mechanic ; it is won derful if the other has not fastened habits upon him tbat will be his ruin if he is not ruined already more than one excellent man in our community can say with thank fulness that it turned out so that to his half dozen years apprenticeship he is in debted for the habits of industry and so brirty he has obtained that when he was put to a trade he was on a pivot as . it were had it not been for the firmness | j of his parents he likely would have been i | a ruined lad ere his minority expired — j this was the turning point coal mines of england and ! america the following article from the galena 111 observer is very interesting ; the au thor writes correctly and is evidently ac quainted with the mining operations and laws of england : — the depth at which our illinois coal is dug is but a pin scratch on the globe compared with the diggings in the english i coal mines one shaft near sunderland j is perhaps the deepest in the world the coal was first found one thousand six hun dred feet below the surface and it is now worked at one thousand seven hundred and one thousand eight hundred feet ! — these english mines employ large bodies of workmen in one there are one hun dred and thirty-six men and eighty-five boys below ground engaged in fourteen different kinds of labor and one hundred and twelve men and twenty-eight boys above ground in seventeen occupations and three hundred and sixty-one workmen in all the names of the classes of work men are singular under-viewers banks men drivers hewers putters headsmen half-marrows foals stoppers or door keepers c the hewers are the actual miners of the coal receive about twenty i shillings a week working six hours a day with coal and house rent free children under eight years of age are now exclud ed by law and the barbarous harnessing of females to the coal carts in the pits is prevented our illinois diggings are com paratively dry tbe english mines often pump one thousand gallons a minute or six thousand tons a day ; one near dur ham pumped twenty six thousand seven hundred tons of water per diem ! the use of steam power in our coal mining is yet to come in the north of england en gines of two hundred and fifty horse pow er are in common use at the pumps at percy maine near newcastle engines of five hundred and sixty-six horse power are in operation four hundred and forty horse power being employed in pumping alone bul little capital is employed in the busi ness here it is estimated the cost of a first class english colliery including the i shaft machinery houses wagons c &__. is from 40,000 to 150,000 the deep est coal is the best as our illinois beds are worked deeper they will furnish an article as good and ere long better than the pennsylvania coal adjoining the great unworked colliery which stretches across our state from central iowa to northern kentucky manufacturing cities will soon arise as busy as pittsburg per haps smoky and coal more and more valuable for manufacturing purposes for j solidity density heat-giving c will be i brought up as the progress of our north | western manufacturing towns make a de j mand for it nutmegs indigenous to cali fornia one day last may says lhe alia caii j 1 fornian we were presented with a very j | fine specimen of nutmeg by one of the j j delegates to the whig convention who i 1 assured us very complacently that it was j | a native of california we as compla | i cently received it supposing it was an as j jsurance based upon mrs opie's license when the gentleman reiterated the fact and confirmed it with the information that his brother had gathered a number of ; them from some nutmeg bushes that were | growing a few miles from placerville — j ' another gentleman who was standing by j ; declared that he had seen many ot them and that great crops could be gathered ! with little difficulty in the fall season ! we concluded that we would make the matter a subject of a paragraph upon our return but a fear of being badly sold : i induced us to wait for further evidence ! some time after col forman assured us i ihat he bad seen some that were plucked i during the formative stage ofthe spice : whilst the nugmeg was in a pulpy con i dition we still hesitated to announce the aromatic as indigenous to california but inasmuch as we have since been in formed by gov bigler that he saw a large quantity of ihem growing last summer and that he had sent for some of them for special cultivation we deem it very sate to announce it as a new resource of call j fornia ' vegetable extracts and quack medicines it is quite common for dealers in quack medicines to advertise the same as being , '• purely vegetable this is presuming upon ihe ignorance ofthe multitude at one time long ago vegetable medicines with the exception of alum and sulphur wer exclusively used and when science had developed tbe virtues of mineral me i dicines old prejudices were soon arrayed against tbe evils of the m new drugs -- the same prejudices still exists in the minds of many hence we hear of tbe , » herb doctors being the most safe 1 hey j believe that mineral medicines are more dangerous but this is all sheer nonsense for tbe most virulent poisons are extract ed from herbs what is opium but a ve getable extract and beside this a great number of minerals are extracted from vegetables at least they can be mor phine nux vomica strychnia solania ni cotine and many other dreadful poisons are vegetable extracts how nonsensical then to speak of medicines being more safe or valuable because they are obtain ed from vegetables it is well known that mushrooms — a certain kind — are cooked and used as an article of diet yet in the class of mushrooms there tre some dead ly species yea the species generally used for the table at some seasons and when growing in some localities are highly poisonous a few weeks ago we read an account of some bavarian officers who were poisoned by eating common table mushrooms and they died in the most iran tic delirium in spite of the best medicnl skill and attention north carolina rail road a meeting of the direciors of ihe north car olina raii road was held in this plac on thursday the 8ih instant and having completed lhe business before ihem adjourned on friday by the kindness ofa friend we have been put in possession ofthe most interesting portion ol iheir proceedings from informal ion elicited at the meeiing it appears thai the whole line has been put under , contract : that many ol ihe contractors have made good progress in the work and that all ol them are preparing to proceed with much spir it and vigor lo the completion of iheir contracts though no regular returns were made of the forces engaged on the line yet il was ascer tained lhat on that portion of it which lies be tween the yadkin and charlotte some loriy miles there are 631 men and above 2u0 boys now at work ; and thai portion ofthe road it is with much confidence expected will be graded if not entirely finished during the present year much important business was transacted by the board among other things the president was authorized lo contract for iron to lay on the road from one end lo the other except the firsl division the iron for which is to be furnished by the contractors for building lhat part ofthe road ; and the chief engineer was authorized to contract for two locomotives ol twenty ions weight each and a suitable number of cars lor lhe eastern end ol the road lo be iu readiness lor transporting materials at the earliest period it may be found necessary a change in lhe location of the road near waynesborough was authorized forth purpose of avoiding a piece of low land so subject io overflow as lo render irestle work necessary j by his change the main siem of the road in stead of passing through waynesborough pass ! es by lhat place as the distance of say 1g00 feel but will connect with the town and steam boat navigation on tbe neuse by means of a turn-out it is understood to be the policy ofthe hoard to call in the subscription money very rapidly — len per cent is ordered to be paid in april next and len per cent in june this course is nec essary lor prompt payment lo contractors and is just to individual stockholders ; lor the soon er fifty per cent shall have been paid in by them the sooner the state will begin to par licipate in the burthen of carrying forward the work a good deal of conversation was had on the subject of engineers to supply the vacancies oc casioned by the resignation ol mr j c mc rae and mr prevost this business is in the hands ol the chief engineer and il is under stood lhat he expecls mr theodore garnet now engagad on a rail road in kentucky to supply the place of mr mcrae and is in cor respondence wilh olher suitable persons lor sup plying the olher vacancy in the financial department it is found lhat tbe five per cent paid in a he lime of subscrip tion is just now aboul being exhausted and consequently lhat the location ol ihe road pay ment of the officers and coniingent expenses have nol exceeded 50.0u0 dollars there is scarcely another instance ol so small an expen dilure on a work ol such magnitude — hillsbor ough recorder value of labor look a the transforming power of labor the items which follow are drawn from hunt's merchants magazine of october 1348 a pound of cotlon when spun is worih 5 00 the same wove into muslin and em broidered is worth 5 00 an ounce of flanders thread is worth 20 00 the same made into lace is worth 200 00 which is worth ten limes the value of standard gold weight for weight a pound of iron worth four cent's can be made into fifty thousand pen dulum springs of a watch each worth four cents total value 200 lead io the value of s5 made into small type is worth s140 bar iron to the value of 85 made into nee dies is worth § 350 00 do made inlo gun barrels is worth 1.190 00 do made into scissors is worth 1,190 00 . do made into pen knife-blades is worth 3,230 00 do made into polished steel sword bandies is worth 4 860 00 in these inslances it is seen thai a very cheap material is made to be worth many times ibe value of gold ! melancltoly john johnson of gaston coun iv who recently had his loot cut off while chop i pine wood and from neglect had lo undergo amputation died on saturday lhe 3d m»t he was a very poor man and has le!t a widow and four small children the remedy adulterated tea is becoming more com mon every day there is scarcely a pound of good tea to be found : it is adulterated first in china and then it undergoes a fin i ishing process when it comes here visit of m kossuth to mr clay about two o'clock yesterday afternoon m kossuth accompanied by gen cass called up on mr clay al his rooms at the national hotel the interview was on both sides very cordi al and friendly and was continued about an hour in he course of which we learn that mr clay fiankly disclosed his sentiments and at considerable length as lo lhe policy of ibis country in relerenre to lhe question ofinterven linn iu european affairs mr clay as it has been understood is opposed to any change in this policy deeming j best not only for our selves but likewise lor the down-trodden pop ulaiinns ol europe that we should pursue as hitherto lhe even lenorot our way m kossuih paid lhe must lespecilul attention io mr clay and n ins si ie imparted much in teresting intelligence s loihe social and noli ical condition ot several oft be european nations a ational inlellircnctr five hr..n__i persons destroyed bv a water spout on saturday intelligence was received at lloyd's ( london under date malta monday t be s:li ultimo of a most awful occurrence at the island ot sicily which had been swept by two enormous water-spouts accompanied by a ter rific burrieane those who wjnessed the phe nomena describe ihe water spoils as two im mense spherical bodies of water reaching from lhe clomids iheir cones nearly touching the earih and as far as could be judged al a quar ter of a mile apart traveling wiih immense ve locity they passed over the island near mar sala in their progress houses were unroofed tees oprooied men and women horses callle ami sheep laised up drawn into their vorlei and borne on lo destruction ; during their pass age rain descended in ca'aiacis accompanied wiih hail stones of enormous size and masses ol ice going over castellam irre near stabia il destroyed hall the town and washed i wo hun dred ot the inhabitants into ihe sea who all per ished upwards of live hundred persons were destroyed by ihis terible visitation and an im mense amount of property ihe country being laid waste lor miles the shipping iu the har bor suffered severely many vessels being de stroyed and iheir crews drowned alter the occurrence numbers of dead human buddies were picked up all liighitully mutilated and swollen snow in nova scotia — a correspondent ofthe piclou chronicle has furnished a table which gives he result ol a record of all the snow-storms al lhe albion mines for lhe last seven years the table shows the number of snow-storms in each year the depth of snow which leil in each month with the aggregate of each year and the annual average the aver age number of days per annum on which there was a snow storm during lhe seven years was sixty ; aud the average depth of snow which fell in each year nine feel and six inches the snow is usually dry and light requiting seven teen inches deep of snow io produce one inch of water despatch in paper making — few arts have been more improved than this as ihey will acknowledge who have read a descrplion of lhe old mode and compared ihe present lo it the louisville courier of a late date relates a remarkable instance of dispatch : '• al half-past five o'clock last evening the paper on which this morning's edition of the courier i printed was rags in mr isaac cromie's paper mill — the rags were soon converted into the article we ordeied and at filieen minutes before eight o'clock lhe paper was delivered at our office ready for the press this is certainly an in stance of remarkable expedition free masonry is in a very florid and prosperous state now in every part of the union and the fraternity is growing more numerons than it has ever before been — there is now a certainty that the unhappy division which has existed hitherto in lhe state of new york will be healed and the two grand lodges be united again in one common jurisdiction st john's lodge no 1 of new york city the oldest in the united slates gave in its adhesion two weeks ago to the party which is now so immensely in the majority their exam ple has been followed by many ofthe oth er lodges and the union will soon be com plete st john's lodge is the possessor of that copy of the bible on which washing ton took his oath of fidelity to the consti tution of the united slates when he was inaugurated its first president social intercourse — we should make it a principle to exiend the hand ol fellowship to every man who discharges faithfully his duties and maintains good older — who manifests a deep interest iu the welfare of general society — whose deportment is upright and whose mind is intelligent without slopping to ascertain whether he swings a hammer or draws a thread there is nothing so distant from all natural claim as the reluctant tbe backward sympathy — lhe forced smile — the checked conversation — lhe hesiiaiing compliance the well off are too apt io manifest lo ibose a little down wilh whom in comparison of intellect and principles of iriue ihey frequently sink into insignifi cance — daniel webster the contrast 1 saw a vast muliiiude of the sick and dying all fast hastening to death ; and i heard a voice say : " there is life for the asking and ihere was but one or two of all ihai great company raised their voices to beg that boon i saw a band of weary travelers in a sandy desert parched with thirst and i heard a voice saving lo ihem : " there is water for the seek ing " ho every one thai thirsteth come ye to the waters !" and directly in sight appeared a ceo and sparkling fountain gushing from a rock which ihrew a deep shadow across the " weary land and but a lew there were who made the effort to reach the grateful shade of lhe rock or lo slake their thirst in its waters " there is gold for the digging " proclaims another voice and thousands of eager ques tioners cry where where !" far far away over the deep waters across the dangerous passes ofthe mountain danger and disease must be braved but what of all ihat ! there is gold for the dicing ai ihe end and how ihey lhrong and press and crowd to reach the lar off land ! what shall it profit a man it be gain tbe whole world and lose his own soul ; or what shall he give in exchange for his soul ground charcoal is said lo be the best thing ; in ihe world for cleaning knives it will not wear ihe knives away like brick dust which is i so often used try it