il-^r^abolwa watchman ji;'.',|vl pp_r two dollaks-payable in : j paid in advance two dollars [ rjwor the first and 25 cts n„.*nt insertion ouurtorders f s gher than these rates a lib e who advertise by the year . most be post pniii message . 0f ihe senate | .•;. house of representatives .,, u an i ""<* common conslit i ra!'„e favorable auspice tinder which "■-' ur ii s****"'0 0"r country ■ l"rwji°h all ihe world the agitation r'y jine ihreaiened lo disturb the ira ' ,,. k-bich make lis one people is i ".'*■ i . and a >''■"* of general prosp-ri 1 ■"" m crowned the nation with un i "■' '' \ ,,,,. can look ba.*k to the parsed or ibi ward lo the \ ' . 11 without feeling il , i the same lime lhal he • i-jth a gi uteful s-il-'1 of our . , 1 beneficent providence a so in tuifiesl in ihe hap , 111 ... rhl lav-red land fc , , ,. . of ihe lasi congress certain • ' r foreigners resident in the tvhu were mote or less concern ,- invasion of cuba instead of i its failure have again • this country by ma equipment ol another mili ! :,_. 1j11-.1 lhal possession ol h*-r 1 ivhich ihey were counte .". an joined by the ciiizens of ihe on receiving intelligence that . en entertained i lost no lime . ini-irijcti 11 lo the proper ofli ■ led stales as seemed to be call i in i ihe proclamation -.. js herewith submitted i also ., ,, h , might be in danger of being . . heme of iis unlawful char 1 lines which the would f f j . bl)me lime ihere was reason lo ... measures had sufficed lo pre ■ ( .„.;, aiirinpl this hope however vei y early in ihe morn \ igust a steamer called ihe n new oi l.*ans for cuba i a uds l four hundred tinned t ul in!.*iiii..ns io make war up 1 . . ies of ihe island thi-i expedi _ fl.ol in palpable violation ol the s 1 fni'ed si i!.*s lis leader was a i 1 i„d**everal of ihe chief oflieers and b ... engaged in il were foreigners h . srotrijinsii o it however were most kj :.■■ i 111 i si lie ifeihe es|iediliun sel out and probably i ,. nginiz-'il slighl insurrectionary kl ., whii.'li appears lo have been soon bad uken place in ihe eastern quar ■ cuba the imporlance of ihis move was iifnrliiiialely o much exaggerated § i.e mil i 11 published in ibis country ft uib'-n'iircis i'euied iii have been id • ieve lhal ihe creole population of ihe 11 ' \ desired to ihiow oil ihe authori i in a",-r eoiitifry hut had resolved 011 ut ; 1 : i<l begun 11 well concerted en mi reffeciing ii the peisnns engaged ur \ - 11 were generally ung and ill tn ihe i*rn.*r in which they em i new oi leans stealthily and without i \: ei louching al key west she i ihe c..i-t of cuba and on the i • m ihe 1 mi and 12>h of august i ii 11 board ai playias within i lu-enty i-hgiies nf havana i i ■ \. nf ihem proceeded lo and i • *-:* 11 nf hi inland village six nit leaving rubers lo follow in irf liagirage as soon as ihe means of s 11 . . iild be obtained the latter k k-ii i iheir line ol march lo conned »* •- i[l ihe main body and having pi lour leagues into ihe country ■ i'va hi the morning of the 13ih by w s 11 1 ironps and a iii iv conflicl •» >: win h ihey retreated lo ihe place i 1 where aboul fifty of ihem m tits and re-embarked therein they r lever intercepted among the keys 1 -*. a spanish steamei cruising * ■ 1 iplured and carried to havana r examined before a military i red lo be publicly executed '! - was cariied into effect on the p ■ -' „ i iform ition of what bad nc i ' nmudnre poxhall a parker was 1 1 proceed in ihe steam-fi igale sa r d''.i'ii and inquire into ihe charges soirs executed ihe circumstan ' icb ihey were laken and u halso i in their trial ami sentence cop instructions from ihe depaitmenl ol 11 and ol his letters to lhat depart ; rewilh mil milled ihe record i the examination : the offences charged ,' hostile invaders ol ihe v ■ ' ' fiheir irial and execution ' invaders was still in the 1 - ■■■■■■'• spanish authorities -■ uler the lapse of some ■• by the spanish troops *' 4:1 of aug i-l ; lopez '* u '<- captured s.»me days afler and i ' 1 1 september many of prs weie killed or died nl - 1 and ihe 1 t were made " ! *- none appear to have been ■**■ feral of ihem were p;ir ■^ ; " i iheir friends and olh ne hundred and sixty i o s ain 01 the final ihese we have no official ;" melancholy res„li 0f this illegal j a thus ihoughiless ' ll heen induced by false and ions 10 violate ihe lawof r -'" rash and unfounded ex t ■-* * ing to accomplish political •- slates and have lost their , e njrtakinjj too severe a judge i ! v be passed by ihe indignant c"n>'nunity upon ibose who being 1 bemselves have yet led away ii ■ h and an ill directed love of 1 i'>e|'a i i 1 ne ciriespoiidence between » *''! lhal of spain relating lo • , h10'1 ls w'thioinmunicaied ' '* '>;'' ff-nder againsl ihe laws i protection of iheir country nt may so far as is consistent 1 „ ; "■- lo mher countries and its t •"'•'••'•»*,., a.id enlnrr-p ihe laws pa,h f°r,,heir wftodiiig fami ' r 3*.c..u ' "', a,,*""l,:'^:v no pri.p-r u ed and none will be spared the carolina watchman j j bruner > } " keep a check upon all your editor 4 proprietor ) rclers { new series jjo this amd llbertv is safe < gent harrison ( volume viii—num ber 82 salisbury n c thursday december 11 185l io pi ore ihe release ol such ciiizens of he j united states engaged in this unlawful enler prise as are now in confinement in spain ; ! bul il is lo be hoped lhal such interposition wiih the government of that country may not < be considered as affuding any ground of ex ! ppctalion lhal the government of the united j states will heicafii-i feel itself under any ob ligation ol duty lo intercede for the liberation or pardon of such persons as are fl grant oflen ders against ihe law of nations and ihe laws of i i.e uniied stales — these laws must be exe ' cuted if we desire to maintain our respecla ! biliiy among ihe nations ol ihe earlh il be ' hoves us to enforce steadily and sternly ihe ' neutrality acts passed by congress and to fob low as far as may be ihe violation of those acts wiih condign punishment bui whai gives a peculiar criminality lo ibis invasion of cuba is lhal under ihe lead of span ish subjects and wiih the aid of ciiizens of the uniied stales it had its origin with many in m lives of rapacity money was advanced by individuals probably in considerable amounts lo purchase cuban bond as ihey have been called i-stied by lopez sold doubtless al very large discount and for the payment ol which ihe public lands and public properly of cuba ol whatever kind and t lie fiscal resources of the people and government of that island from ' whoever source lo lie derived were pledged as well as the good faith of ihe government ex ■ peeled lo be established all these means of payment it is evident were only lobe obtained by a process ol bloodshed war and revolution : none will deny lhal those who sei on fool mill | lary expeditions against foreign stales by means like ihese are far more culpable lhan ihe ig | ni.iani and necessitous whom ihey induce lo ! go tori h as the ostensible parlies in the procee j ■ ding these originators of the invasion ofcu ! iia seem lu have determined with coolness and • system upon an undertaking which should lis i grace th.-ir country violate its laws and pul ' in hazard the lives of ill-informed and deluded j men you will consider whether further legis i 1 41 ion be necessary lo prevent ihe perpetration ! ol such offences in future no individuals have a right lo hazard the ' p-ace ol the country or lo violate its laws up j on vague notions ol altering or reforming gov j enrnmenis in oiher stales this principle is not only n-asouable in itself and in accordance j wiih public law but is engrafted into ihe codes 1 of other nations as well as our own bul while j 1 such are ihe sentiments of this government it j may be added lhal every independent j at ion | musi be presumed lo be able lo defend its pos i i sessions against unauthorized individuals band ed together lo ailack idem the government ; l ihe united stales at all limes since ils es i lablishmeni has abstained and has sought lo ! restrain the ciiizens of ihe country from enter ing into controversies between other powers and lo observe all ihe dmies of neutrality at an early period of the government in the ad ministration of washington sevetal laws were passed lor ibis purpose the main provisions i ol these laws weie re-enacted by ihe act of j april 1818 by which amongst oiher things ! il was declared thai il any person shall within 1 the territory or jurisdiction of the united stales j begjn or set on fool or provide or prepare ihe means lor any military expedition or enterprise j • lo be carried on from thence against the lerri | : lory or dominion ofany foreign prince or stale ] 1 01 of anv colony district or people with whom ; ! the united stale ate al peace every person so ] ■ offending shall be deemed guilty of a high mis i demeanor and shall be fined not exceeding three thousand dollars and imprisoned nol i more than three years ; and this law has been j executed and enforced lo ihe full extent ol the 1 power of the government from lha day to this ' in proclaiming and adhering lo the doclrine of neutrality and nun intervention the united stales have not followed ihe lead of other civ '. 1 ilized nations they have laken ihe lead ihem 1 selves and have been followed by others this was admined by one ol the mosl eminent of ' modern british statesmen who said in parlia [ 1 menl while a minister of ihe crown '• lhal if ! he wished for a guide in a system of neutrality he should take that laid down by america in ! the days of washington and the secretaryship ol jefferson ; and we see in fart lhal ihe acl of congress of 1818 was followed ihe succeed ing year by any acl of ihe parliamenl of fug land substantially ihe same in its general pro visions up to lhal lime there had been no similar law in england except certain highly penal statutes passed in ihe reign ofgeorge ii prohibiting english subjects from enlisting in | foreign service the avowed object of which staiuies was lhat foreign armies raised for the purpose ol restoring ihe house of siuail lo the il.rone should not be strengthened by recruits from england herself all must see lhal dilliculiies may arise in carrying ihe laws referred lo into execution in i a country now having ihree or four thousand ' miles of searoast wiih an infinite number of polls and barb us and small inlets from some of which unlawful expeditions may suddenly set lotth without the knowledge of govern ment againsl ihe possessions ol foreign slates ' friendly relations with all bul entangling alliances with none has long been a maxim with us our true mission is not to propagate . our opinions or impose upon other countries our form of government by ariifice or force ; bul lo leach by example and show by onr sue cess moderalioti and justice the blessings of self government and ihe advantages of free institutions let every people choose for iisell ■ and make and alter its political inslituiions lo | 1 suit its own condition and convenience but , while we avow and maintain ibis neutral poli j cy ourselves we are anxious to see ihe same forbearance on the part of other nations whose forms 11i government are differenl from our 1 own the deep interest which we feel in the ' | spread of liberal principles and the establish j < menl of tree governments and ihe sympathy , i wiih which we witness every slruggle against j : oppression forbid lhal we should be indifferent 1 j lo a case in which the strong arm of a foreign j ! power is invoked lo stifle public sentiment and j i repress ihe spirit of freedom it any country the governments of great britain and : france have issued orders in their naval com ■ j mandera on ihe west ludia iiatiuu io prevent ty force if necessary the lauding of ailven i lurers irom any nation on the island ol cuba i wiih hostile intent the copy of a memoran j duin ol a conversation on ihis subject between i ihe charge d'affairea of her brilanic majesty ! and ihe acting secretary of state and of a sub i sequent note of i tit former to the department of stale are herewith submitted together with ' a copy of a note ul the acting secretary of stale lo the minister of the french republic ! and ol the reply of ihe latter on ihe same sub ! ject these papers will acquaint you with the ! grounds of his interposition of the iwo leading commercial powers of europe and wiih ihe apprehensions which tbis government could j not fail lo entertain thai such interposition if cairied into effi-ei might lead lo abuses in der ! ogation of ihe maritime rights of ihe united i stales the maritime rights of the united slates are founded on a firm secure and well defined basis ihey stand upon the ground of national independence and public law and '■ will be maintained in all their i ill and just ex tent " j the principle winch ihis government has heretofore solemnly announced it still adheres ' to and will maintain under all circumstances and at all hazards that principle is lhal in * every regularly documented merchant vessel ! ihe crew who i.avigate it and those on board ' of it will find iheir protection in ihe flag which j is over ihem no merican ship can be al j lowed io be visited or searched for the pur j pose of ascertaining the character of individu ! als on board nor can there be allowed any watch by ihe vessels of any foreign nation over | american vessels on ihe coasts of ihe united siates or ihe seas adjacent thereto il will be seen by the lasi communication from the biil | ish charge d'aflaires to ihe department of stale thai be is authorized lo assure ihe see : retary ol slate thai every rare wiih be taken j lhat in executing the preventive measures a j gainst the expeditions which ihe uniied slates ! government iisell has denounced as not being entitled lo ihe protection o any government j no interference shall take place wiih ibe law j lul commerce of any nation in addition lo ihe correspondence on this j subject herewith submitted official information has been received al ihe department of slale of assurances by ihe french government lhal i in ihe orders given lo ihe french naval forces j ihey were expressly instructed in any opera i lions they might engage in to respect ibe flag j of the uniied stales wherever it might appear | and lo commit no act ol hostility upon any ves sel or armam-eni under iis protection ministers and consuls of foreign nations are ihe means and agents ol communication be i l ween us and those nations and il is of the ut most importance lhat while residing in the i country ihey should feel a perfect security so j long as ihey faithfully discharge iheir respec i live duties and are guilty of no violation of our laws this is the admined law of nations and no country has a deeper interest in maintaining ! il lhan he united stales our commerce spreads over every sea and visits every clime and our ministers and consuls are appointed to , protect ihe interests of thai commerce as well as lo guard ihe peace o ihe country and main i tain ihe honor of its flag bul how can they discharge ihese duties unless they be them j selves protected : and if protected it must be by the laws of the country in which ihey re ! side and what is due lo our own public ftinc j lionaries residing in foreign nations is exactly ! ihe measure of what is due lo ihe funclionaries j ol other governments residing here as in i war the bearers of flags of truce are sacred ! or else wars would be interminable so in peace | embassadors public ministers and consuls charged wiih friendly national intercourse are objects of especial respect and protection each j according lo ihe rights belonging to his rank and station in view of these important prill • ciples it is with deep mortification and regret i announce to you lhat during ihe excitement glowing out of ihe executions al havana the j office of her catholic majesty's consul at new ' orleans was assailed by a mob his properly destroyed the spanish flag found in the office carried off and lorn in pieces and he himself j induced lo flee for his personal safely which he supposed lo he in danger on receiving intelligence of these events i forthwith direct ■ ed ihe attorney of the united slates residing at '■ new ot leans to inquire into ihe fads and ihe j extent of the pecuniary loss sustained by ihe consul wiih ihe intention of laying them be f..re yon lhat you might make provision for such indemnity lo him as a jus regard for the { honor of ihe nation and the respect which is j due lo a friendly power might in your judg menl seem lo require the correspondence { upon this subject between the secretary of i slate and her catholic majesty's minister plen . ipoleniiary is herewith iransmitted the occurrence al new orleans has led me 1 lo give my attention to ihe slate of our laws in regard to foreign embassadors ministers and ; consuls i think ihe legislation of the country \ is deficient in not providing sufficiently either ; for the protection or the punishment of consuls i therelore recommend the subject lo the consi deration of congress your attention is again invited lo the ques tion of reciprocal trade between the uniied slates and canada and other british posses ; sions near our frontier overtures for a con vention upon ihis subject have been re ceived from her brilanic majesty's minister plenipotentiary but il seems lo be in many re j specls preferable lhal the maltershould be reg t ulaled by reciprocal legislation documents ; are laid before you showing ihe terms which the british government is willing to offer and the measures which it may adopt if some ar ■ raogemenl upon this subject shall not be made j fmm the accompanying copy of a note from ihe british legation at washington and the reply of ihe department of slale ihereto it j will appear lhat her brilanic majesty's govern j menl is desirous lhal a pari of the boundary t line between oregon and the british posses sions should be authoritatively marked out and that an intention was expressed lo apply lo con '■■ gress for an appropriation lo defray the expense ■ thereof on the part of the uniied stales your attention to this subject is accordingly invited and a proper appropriation recuinmciid.d a convemion for the adjustment of claims of citizens of the united slates against portugal has been concluded and the ratifications have beeu exchanged the fir_l instalment of the amount lo be paid by portugal fell due on ihe 30th of september last and has been paid the president of the french republic ac cording lothe provisions of ihe convention has been selected as aibiier in ihe case of the gen eral armstrong ; and has signified lhat he ac cepts the irusi and ihe high satisfaction be feels in acting as common fiiend of two nations wiih which france is united by sentiments of sin cere and lasting amity i he turkish government has expressed its thanks for ihe kind reception given lo the sub fan's agent a mil bey on ihe occasion of his recent vi.-it ■«- the uniied slates on the 23.(1 of february last a despatch was addressed by the secretary of slale to mr marsh the ame rican minisier al constantinople instructing him to ask of the turkish government permis sion lor ihe hungarians then imprisoned with in ihe dominions ul ihe sublime porte to re move lo ihis country on the 3d of march las boih houses of congress passed a resolution requesting ihe president lo authorize the em ploymeni of a public vessel to convey lo this country louis kossuth and bis associates in capiiviiy the instruction above referred lo was com plied with and the turkish government hav ing released governor kossuth and his com panions fiom prison on the luih of september last ihey embaiked on board of ihe united slates steam frigate mississippi which was se lected lo carry into effecl the resolution of con gress governor kossuth leli ihe mississippi al gibraltar for ihe purpose of making a visit lo england and may shortly be expecled in new york by communications lo the de partmenl of siaie he has expressed his grateful acknowledgments lor the interposition of ihis government in behalf of himself and his asso ciates tin's country has been justly regarded as a safe asylum for those whom political events have exiled from iheir own homes in europe ; and il is recommended lo cmigiess lo consider in whai manner governor kossuth and his com panions brought hither by its aulhoiily shall be received and treated il is earnestly to be hoped thai the differences which have for some lime past been pending between the government of the french repub lie and lhal ol the sandwich islands may be peaceably and durably adjusted so as lo secure the independence of those islands long be fore the events which have of late imparled so much imporlance lo the possessions of the uni ted slates on the pacific we acknowledged ibe independence of the hawaiian government — this government was first in taking lhal step and several of the leading powers ot europe immediately followed we were influenced in this measure by the existing and prospective importance of the islands as a place of refuge and refreshment for our vessels engaged in the whale fishery and by the consideration that ihey lie in the course of ihe great hade which must at no distant day be cariied on between ihe western coast of north america and eas tern asia we weie also influenced by a desire lhat those islands should not pass under the control of any other great maritime state bul should remain in hii independent condition and so be accessible and useful lo the commerce of all nations i need not say lhat the importance of ihese considerations has been greatly en hanced by the sudden and vast development which ihe interests of ihe united slates have attained in california and oregon ; and ihe policy heretofore adopted in regard to those islands will be sleadily pursued il is gratifying nol only lo those who consid er the commercial interests ol nations but also lo all who favor ibe progress ol knowledge and ihe diffusion ol religion to see a community j emerge from a savage stale and attain such a degree of civilization in those distant seas ii is much lo be deplored lhal the internal tranquility of the mexican republic should again be seriously disturbed • for since the peace be tween lhat republic and the united slates il had enjoyed such comparative repose lhal ihe most favorable anlicipai ions for the future might wiih a degree ol confidence have been indulg ! ed these however have been thwarted by ihe recent outbreak in ibe slale of tamaulipas on the right bank of the rio bravo having received information lhat persons from the u ! states had laken part in ihe insurrection and ap prehending thai iheir example might lie follow ed by others i caused orders lo be issued for the purpose of preventing any hostile expedi tions against mexico irom being set on loot in violation of the laws of ihe united slates i likewise issued a proclamation upon the sub ject a copy of which is herewith laid before you this appeared to be rendered imperative by ihe obligations of treaties and the general duties of good neighborhood in my last annual message i informed con ress that citizens of ihe uniied stales had undertaken ihe connexion of the two oceans by of a railroad across the isthmus of tehuan le'pec under a grant of ihe mexican govern ment to a citizen of that republic ; and lhal this enterprise would probably be prosecuted with energy whenever mexico should consent lo such stipulations wiih the government of the uniied siates as should imparl a feeling of se curily to those who should invest their properly in the enterprise a convention between the two governments for the accomplishment of lhat end has been ratified by this government and only awaits the decision of the congress and the executive of thai republic some unexpected difficulties and delays have arisen in the ratification of lhal convention by mexico but it is lo be presumed lhat her deci sion will be governed by just and enlightened views as well of ihe eneral importance of the object as of her own interests and obligations in negotiating upon ihis important subject ihis government has had in view one and only one object that object has been and is ihe construction or attainment of a passage from ocean lo ocean ihe shortest and ihe best for travellers and merchandise and equally open to all the world il has sought to obtain no •-■ -— •_> -_■ ___ ____________________■_________________________, _ lerriiorial acquisition nor any advaniages pe • culiar to itself and ii would see with ihe • greaiesl regret thai mexico should oppose any obstacle lo the accomplishment of an enter prise which promises so much convenience to i the whole commercial world and such eminent i advantages lo mexico herself impressed wiih [ these sentiments and these convictions the government will continue lo exert all proper efforts to bring about ihe necessary arrange menl wiih the republic of mexico for ihe speedy . completion of the work for some months past the republic of nica ragua has been the theatre of one of those civil convulsions from which the cause of free in j slilulious and the general prosperity and 60 i cia i progress ol the stales of central america ' have so often and so severely suffered until . quiet shall have beet restored and a govern j ment apparently stable shall have been organ ; ized no advance can prudently be it ide in dis j posing of the questions lending between the two countries i am happy to announce that an inter-ocean ic communication bom the inouih of ihe si : john lo the pacific has been so far accomplish ed as lhal passenger have actually traversed il and merchandise has been transported over il ; and when the canal shall have been coin pleled according to the original plan ibe means ol communication will be lurtber im proved it is understood thai a considerable part of ihe railroad across ihe isthmus of panama has i been completed and lhal ihe mail and passen gers will in future be conveyed thereon whichever of the several routes between the two o ceans may ultimately prove most eligible for travellers , to and from the different states on the atlantic and gulf i of mexico and our coast on the pacific there is little j reason to doubt that all of them will be useful to the pub j lie and will liberally reward that individual enterprise by \ • which alone they have been or are expected to be car ried into effect peace has been concluded between the contending par ties in the island of st domingo and it is hoped upon ! a durable basis such is the extent of our commercial . relations with that island that the united slates cannot fail to feel a sir 115 interest ill iis tranquility the office of commissioner to china remains unfilled several persons have been appointed the place has been j offerred lo others all of whom have declined its accept ance on ibe ground of the inadequacy of the compensa tion the annual allowance by law is six thousand dol lars and there is no provision for any outfit i earnest ly recommend the consideration of this subject to con gress our commerce with china is slightly important and is becoming more and more o in consequence of the increasing intercourse between our ports on ihe pa cific coast and eastern asia china is understood lo be a country in which living is very expensive and i know of no reason why the american commissioner ' tent thither should not be placed in regard to compen sation on an equal footing with ministers who represent ! this country at the courts of europe by reference to the report of tke secretary of the > treasury it will be seen that the aggregate receipts for •' the last fiscal year am unled to §.*•-. 11:2,11 il ; which with the balance in the treasury 011 the 1st july 1>50 - gave as the available means for the year the sum of 58.-17,524,36 the total expenditures for the same period were 48 ! 005,878,08 the total imports for the year ending 30th june ' 1851 were 215,725,995 of which ihere was in specie 4,967,901 the exports for the same period were 1 7,517,130 of which there were of domestic products 178,5 ifi.o.lo foreign goods re-exported 9,73**t,695 specie 29,-31,881 217-517,130 since the 1st of december last the payments in cash on account of the public debt exclusive of interset have amounted to 7,501,456,56 which however includes the sum of 34:2,400 paid under the 12lh article of the treaty with mexico and the further sum of 2,591 213,45 being the amount of awards 10 american citi zens under the late treaty with mexico for which the issue of stock was authorized but which was paid in i cash from the treasury the public debt on the 20th ultimo exclusive of the i slock authorized to be issued to texas by the act of 9ih i september 1650 was 62,560,395,26 the receipts for the fiscal year are estimated at 51 , 600.000 which with the probable unappropriated bal ! ance in the treasury on the 30ih june next will give 1 as the probable available means for that year the sum 1 of u'3.25-*,743,09 it has been deemed proper in the view of the large 1 expenditures consequent upon the acquisition of territory ', from mexico thai the estimates for the nexl fiscal year ' should be laid before congress in such manner as lodis : imgiiish the expenditures so required from the otherwise ! ordinary demands up 11 the treasury the total expenditures for the next fiscal year are es timated at 42,892,299,19 of which there is required i for the ordinary purposes of ihe government other than ! those consequent upon the acquisition of our new ter i ritories and deducting the payments on account of the j public debt the sum of 33,343,198,08 ; and for the i purposes connected directly or indirectly with those ter ritories and in the fulfilment of the obligations of the | 1 government contracted in consequence of their acqui ; silion the sum ol 9,549,101,11 if the views of the secretary of the treasury in re , ' ference to the expenditures required for these ternto . ' ries shall be met by corresponding action on the pari of ■ congress and appropriations made in accordance there i with there will be an estimated unappropriated balance in the treasury on the 30th june 1853 of 20,366 443,00 wherewith to meet that portion of the public debt due on the first july following amounting to .**•>■>,- 237,031,35 as well as any appropriations which may be made beyond the estimates i lu thus referring to the estimated expenditures on ac j . count of our newly-acquired territories i may express j the hope lhat congress will concur with me in die de sire that a liberal course of policy may be pursued to waids them and that every obligation expressed or im ; plied entered into m consequence of iheir acquisition shall be fulfilled by the most liberal appropriations for that purpose the values of ourdomestic exports for the last fiscal year compared with those of the previous year exhibit an in crease of 42,646,322 at first view this condition of our trade with foreign nations would seem lo present ; the most flattering hopes of its future prosperity an examination of the details of our exports however will sh'.w lhat the increased value of our exports for the last fiscal year is to be found in the high price ot cotton which prevailed during the first half of that year which has since declined about one-hall the value of our exports of breadstuffs and provisions which it was supposed the incentive of a low tarifl and laro*e importations from abroad would have greatly aug mented has fallen from 68,701,921 in 1-47 to s 051,373 in 1850 and to 21,948,65 111 1851 with a strong probability amounting almost to a certainly of 1 a sii'.l further reduction in the current year the aggregate values of rice exported during he last fiscal v ear as compared with the previous year also exhibit a decrease amounting to 460,917 winch with a decline in the values uf ihe exports of tabacc for the same period make an aggregate decrease lu these two articles of 1,156,751 the poi cy which dictated a low rate of duties on for ' eign merchandize it was thought by tru.se who pn.-no ted and established it would tend lo benefit the farming i population of this country by increasing the demand aud raising the price of agricultural products in foreign markets the foregoing facts however se--m to show incon test my that no such result has followed the adoption of j this policy on the contrary mftwit-tstandiiig the re ! peal of the restrictive corn laws in engl ind the foreig demand for the products of th american fanner h steadily declined since the short crops and eoaaeqnei famiue i a portion of l_ur*-.p have been happily r placed by full crops mid comparative ab-ind nice of foot it will be seen by recurring to the commercial stalls tics for the pasl year that the value of our domes.1 export has been mere ed in the sjngfe u.-ni of raw co ton by 40,oou,0ou over the value of that export : the year preceding this is not due 1 1 any iaereac general demand for that article bat *.. ilv i the preceding year which creati aacddcmai and an augm inted price for ihe crop last j - sh the cotton crop now going for ird equal in quantity io thai t the year proc-ding and i sold at the pre *.: prk , ., ;:.. . offin the ralu • .•!' i ur exp its *'• - lb of at least 40,000,000 .*. i ... ported for the year eliding 30th j mi . 1851 the production of gold in califomi i tor th pas vear seems to promise a large buppl of tot metal from that quarter for done time to eome this urge annual in crease of the currency of the worid mtti be attended with us annual results these have been already par tially disclosed in he enhancement of prices and a ris ing spirit of n speculation a . , ten-ding to overtrading s well a home l 1 i:iie salutary check shall be given loth s s il la tti b feared that import i . ] a healthy demand in this cm try will fail to a an id u drain of ihe precious metals ;'.-. i us . .*.. as il has done in former tin qnencea to the business and c am iota people the exports of specie lo liqui ' bt du ring the past fiscal year have been 24,263,979 bvef the amount of specie imj awtex of the present fiscal year thej have . *- 827 should sp.*cie conl i u this rate for the remaining th ft from our metallic currency daring the vlr • ..: ng30t june 1852 the enormous ainouu •*■> ..■'>' "?. in the present pr 1 fi nances u will become the .: it ■' coi _-- s to i the best mode of paying off thi public debt 1 sent and anticipated surplus in tho i sh mid be absorbed by appropriations of • this surplus should !>•• empl ■_. .. * . .. a ami under such restrictioi -. . t ing the outstanding ■ by reference to ihe art of i i september 1850 it ii be seen that in .* i of certain concessions l i 1 - pro vidi i thai the •* duiti .!**•- ue f texas the sura ot ;•■;: va llionsof •: .:.*. i a stock i tr mg live per cent interest and redeemable t tli * fourteen years the interest pa iriy at the treasury of he united si in the sain sectiou of the law it is further provided lhat no more than five m !. • is sued until the er...ii:..rs of tli ■ s ' 3 ind other certificates of stock of ti xbs ' t i mi import were sped illy pledged i .; the treasury of the un ;■ >: s . i claims n gainst the united states f..r or en or certificates in such form as *' secretary of the treasury and approved !>_. th pi -. dent of the united states the form of release thus provided for ins been pre scribed by the secretary f h ■ t ... 1 approvi d ii has been published in all the leading newspa ihe commercial cities in the unit 1 si it -. mid ..'! p r sons holding claims of tie kind specifj 1 in th • i ing proviso were required to ti .• ilia release in the form thus prescribed in ihe treasury of ihe united siates on r bofore the 1 .; iv .■:' octob4f 1-..i ai thongh tins publication has been c i th 25th day of march 1851 yet up to the is of octob t last comparatively few releases had been filed by the creditors of texas the authorities of the state of texas a ihe request of the secretary of the treasury have furnished a schedule of the public d in f that state created prior lo her admission into the union with a copj of ihe luws under which each class was contracted i have from the documents furnished by the si ite of texas determined the classes of .;....- which in my judgment fill within ibe provisions of the acl of con gress of ihe 9th ol september l850 on being officially informed file acceptance by tex as of the propositions contained in ihe act referred to i caused the stock lo be prepared and tie five i which are to be issued unconditionally bearing an in terest of five per cent from the l.-t lay f january i 85 1 have been for some tune ready to be 1 lieven i n the stales of t.xas the authorities of tex s up to the present time have not authorized any one t re ceive this stock and it remains io the treasury depart ment subject t the order of texas the releases required by law to b deposited in t treasury not having been filed there th r maini gfive millions have not be a is>'i ■',. th • stock will be withheld from t . * a upon which it is to le delivere i by the creditors of that state unle i •...*. •- l,1 oth erwise direct by a modification ... ihe law in my last annual message '■<,■ 1 i stated briefly the reasons which indue to i mend a modification of the pr>-*a nt tariff bj com the ad valorem into a specific duty wherever the arti cle imported was of such a i.a iil.l ik>n should be made in favor of the industrial pursuit c un try as t encourage home produciiou with i foreign competition tiie numerous frauds which conlinne (•• be practised upon the revenue by false invoici sand und constitute an unanswerable n a u ; r .... instead of a i valorem duties ii i hero the na ture of the commodity does nol forh i ;'■■ a lustration of these frauds will be exhib .: of the secretary of the treasury sh house valuation of articles import 1 . : law subject io specific duties when ti . ment to undervaluation and i lions of the same articles under the | ad valorem duties so greatly reduced as doubt of the existem f tie mosl ii gn ul bu a onder tiie ex sting law this pi law combined with tie ■_■ t oi 1 by over import uions 1 prices and with the failure in oh et lor our increasing burplus .: ions has induci i me ag tiu to i lion of the existing i ti report of the secretary of ihe i accompanies this communication will ; nt a eon densed statement of the opera partment of government ii will ha seen lh it tin exceed those . , ' ■ : reason to anticipate i - ing tie large don u ions many of the states and i ■ '. •■> ral *** lo ind rew inl for m gratify ing evidenc i ... ly of the country suitable measures have the survey of the i ■ ; i and o surveyii g p u tics ha i i1 gress lus been madi meridian fines but fu appropriations will in u il.vi oils can be m id -. an i m ex tended over n rem i on the 3d of man h last a for the vate land claims i caltfoi i i im mediately apj . . •■ ' ■■ of the compensation ' > ■■ rs *>*. ■ re pr who f ir the sarn not un . pen • coo i be secured \ burners convened in last when del i act ei ol !. • 8th ly of the pr i have thought it pr ip r | . only to explain the cans - ••* commission but to call yoor attenti n t the pr of increasing un compensaii n of il c unm -- ■;.* rs — the office is one of great labor and r - the compensation should b ch aa of a high ord.r of talents and the rn -* integrity the proper disposal f ie rn is a subject surrounded by great .; ... - ii my last annual message i r eomm i i sal of them in small par - • would effectually g lai . _- * -* fa.n bui upon fu the opinions of persons familial v * •*. * i i inclined to change that rec i that they be permitted lo remain a at pr moo field open to the enterprise • citizens until further e the best policy to be ultimately ad them it is s.fer to suffer the incon ' ;' »"* ex st for a ***.• r p.*r od lh in to fasten on the i ma ; lace cjnirol of coti/re.s