the western carolinian jshed weekly john beard jr editor and proprietor mbcr from tin beginning 7(h no 30 of the xvih volume salisbury rowan county n.c saturday december 27 1834 the destroyer lie camo nol with the glittering sword he cn nol with n apear s',,t brandished weapon in ins hand to bid lu lovely i'enr tiie bloom of youth waa on hi click ami aparkled in hia eye ; jlut ahrouded m ins youthful s.s.1 were thought of doepeat dye jh grappled nel will lh s nor aoughl i'll tmllle's stormy boat where tin ii'pi r'.i and the cinpieror find a l-orv win ling aheet ; f ll : heller that in combat be liml hurl i death final blow than nu d ai woman trusliug hn-.-ist i'lie hull tlml unl lei low he camo to her with gentle words and slllil'd love's ii in iiiin smile rihe i.i llol deem nc-illi nil in mils there lurk'd he i i of guile r none could look on hun nud think that he i m would deceive and none could see her ungel form and i innl that she must grieve jlill soon lus solemn oi.lhs forgot lie i l'i her to her doom . nor reck'd if wrong nnd falsehood led the guiltless to the toinh min struggled on iiiii dark and drear her young life crept away she saw ench imp prove false by time bach link of joy decay ! she faded fust vet silently as flowers im-iiohiii the blast siie breathed .»<> murmur lied no lear ot swaln'a innugural addreoa wns entertained upon the part of this bute thnt a comparatively small sl.an of ilu taxes mid by her citizen would is required by the federal govern tllelll lis who neither expect nor desire l.v p.iiidiil iiiiii laborious oxertioo lo secure either funic i compe tence but o reap the easier reward which await the partisan politician i give il as an opinion which is the result of sous observation and wuh the most painfol nsui ranee of its truth thai the power and patronage of ih ueneral governmenl must u roatriclod to narrower hunts or liberty will but too soon exial onh ... name my views ns to lhe lx-st measure of reform nl present within our reach were couiniumcnled iu 1 1 iy message the tariff is adjusted for the pie scut and good faith requires that ilus adjustment shall not is disturbed wuh regard to the public domain however lhe question presents itself with renewed force — will we like iinprov ideiil s|m-ml thrills having exhaustod our ready funds permit our real estate to pass into the amis of grcc.lv ad venturers this quostion must im decided lol yourselves nml your constituents and having en deavored lo slate it fairly 1 commend if without further remark to your consideration lu conclusion goiitlomcn allow mo lo say thai i yield ti im one in admiration of the excellence of our form of government to secure the pur poses of its founders if is only necessary llial it shall ik administered with tha wisdom ami purity manifested in its formation it is with no misgi vings therefore no mental reservation t li.it i simll vow is-fore my k1 und in the presence nf lhis assembly to support maintain ami dofond the constitution of mv country : but with the determi nation to yield to all its requirements hearty ami cheerful obedionce i am now ready to lake the oaths prescribed for my qualification and enteifupon the duties of my dili.-e named considered safe lo inf.-rlh.it the imports of the ensuing year nmy not differ materially from thai average should they not so lilli-r tho re venue from customs will probably correspond m substance with that ofthe past year except o lar as it mny is changed by tbu whole amount of all tho importations when compared will the uimivo average because the classes ml value of arti oles paying duly for aught which is known will probably l.e similar anil the rule of duties on the will not hy existing laws is essentially ul lered lill lhe llst of december a i i83a gentlemen of the xtnutt and of the house tf commons in obediunci to the exnro**ion f your will under circumstances peculiarly grateful la mj feelings 1 annoar before u to renew the eolomti pledges of fidelity required by tha state of lis chiel magistrate at an important p.-riod in the aflitirs of the state nnd gun oral oven nts the legislature wa pleusod to call me from wide dill reni pursuit i j a station tho reluctance ami diffidence wuh which i colored upon itadutica increaaed the anxiety i fell for mich a termination of ihem as would juaiiij , if m i the llatteriug anti cipniions of my friends the reasonable expectation of ihe public i thank god howovor that i was .., * permitted nl any i nont either to boliovo or desire thai my administration would one universal satisfaction oue of the carlioit maxim which was imprinted on my momorj taught me that he who pleased ihem at was m.i always tin ablest or most faithful servant of the people with ilus principle before mo 1 have ondcavorud by a rigid adherence i duty , to secure the approbation of mv own conscience and ta doserve the favorable eati math f honest men the first point has been attained and i have so fur sine led iu the se cond a fi ih sustained nol by the high tide of party excitement but against its current under such circumstances iho day which terminate my public career will break upon a lighter heart than thai which withdrew me from the quiet of private life i slmil retire i trust without nni s.tv to wards those by whom my lives have been mis •' seived nml misrepresented and with feelings of grateful regard for my friends which those cnn is-st appreciate who have experienced similar fide lity in trying vicissitudes i have deemed it nol inappropriate to speak thus much of my friend and myself for my country and my native state the crisis demands a wider runge 4 observation in my communication lo you nt the commence ment of the session i presented for your conside ration the particular relations which subsist be tween this state and the federal government the more i relleet u|khi this subject the more deeply am i impressed with the conviction that the price of liberty is eternal vigilance and that power is always stealing from the many to the few let any man examine impartially the history of the con federacy mid of this state mid form the conclusion if he can that the power and patronage ofthe ge neral government nre not dangerous to public li berty nay more — let him scan attentively the characters nn.l ennduot of pul.ilo men and a..ia.:o himself with the conviction if he cm that the same general integrity und patriotic devotion are now exhibited which characterised the early days of the republic the intelligent individual who can assure himself that either position is true is endowed with a philosophy the possession of which if it did not inspire me with wisdom would add greatly lo my stun of happiness i cannot consci entiously refrain gentlemen from urging upon you at this time the deliberate consideration of this unwelcome topic our l'a fliers proclaimed with prophetic forecast that a frequent recurrence to fundamental principles would be essential to the preservation of liberty there was no one of the colonics which in the early period of american history suflbred so se verely from kxecutive misrule us north carolina the jealousy of absolute power produced bv this circumstance constitutes the most striking trait in the character of our citizens and is visibly im pressed upon our institutions ll gave birth to the war of the regulation animal the patriots of mecklenburg ut the lirst dawning of civil liberty ; clothed the executive department with no other power than the attribute of mercy in tlie forma tion of the state constitution und was the founda tion of the wise distrust the exemplary caution with which the federal constitution was consider ed and adopted it was exhibited in no equivocal character in the proceedings of every department of the govern ent iu 179 the assumption by the genera »>., flhe debts ofthe states to the amount of twenty millions and a liau or hol lars and lhe imposition of a duty of seven and n half s:r cent on foreign merchandize were sub jects of severe animadversion ill the annual kxe cutive message that communication resulted in a solemn protest on he part of both branches of the general assembly tin null to supisirt the constitution of the i'niled stales was scornfully refused llie use of the state prisons denied to the federal courts — and the authority f the fe deral judges contemned by the judicial tribunals of the stale i do not allude to these facts for il.e purpose of yielding t them even the feeble autho rity which they might derive from my sanction but to illustrate from our own records the disposi tion which prevailed to confine power within its prescribed limits at the period when washington ju|]ers«n and hamilton presided in the councils of ur country it is not difficult to perceive the origin of the excitement which then prevailed it bad been contended by the advocates of tl.o federal consti tution in the convention which rejected that in strument that the grout object to is attained was the establishment of a government competent to conduct our intercourse with foreign nations and exercise other delegated powers necessary to nu tn,mil prosperity al home and character abroad which in the nature uf things could not be exer cised by individual slates — that to these great l».r|h>s"s the attention of the general government would is confined by expres limitations while all powers connected with th.ii internal government and k.lico would be reserved to tbo states — thai the general government claiming comparatively few powers expressly and clearly granted would m.i only wield them with greater effect but with lea e\|s'iis in the people than under the confe deration i shall not repeal the reason stated ui iii message to prove that •' at that criod no doubt tin revonue which accrued to the national irea siuv during thai year was hllle mom than two million ml a half of dollar whioh was equivalent io a capitation tax of aeventyeix cents on everv individual of over caate in tl united staac — the stnte revenue on the otho hand computed ... iihe iiiiinmi wus hm iiiuctcci cents or precise one fourth of he levy hy lhe federal authorities and although we were then ltirthciifd.wilh a debt ,,| evenly-live millions whick was so funis money wns concerned the price i r liberties we have seen that our first iacnl operations created universal alarm who thai witness theexcitemenl which prevailed then could liavcitnticiput.-d the porihel complaconc with which wi now contemplate the ex isting policy of the oovcrnnent i siiiii-r me to con tinue this history as coiicnely as i can to tie pre sent period in 1*00 th last yen of ihe admi nistration of the elder adams the national revenue was equal to a capitation tax of one dollar nml forty-two cents tlml of th slate to fifteen cents iii 1*10 at the close of mr jeflbrson adminis tration llie national levy laid fallen to one dollar and thirty cents nnd lhat uf the slate lo twelve cents in 1820 in the fourth year of mr mon r.h-'s administration the proportion was i.s one dollar nml eighty-live cents to thirteen cents iiiiii in 1880 iii the second year of general jackson's administration as one dollar and ninety three cents to twelve cents in 17 we placed our selves iu nu attitude of almost direct hostility to the general government because we were requi red lo contribute four times the amount to the ge neral treasury which we yielded to our own in 1880 the national exaction was to that ofthe state as sixteen to one it is impossible to reconcile these lii.-fs with the idea of an economical admini stration of the ntliiirs of the general government if it o contended that the country has increased in population and that a proportionable increase of taxation was to have been anticipated it is admit ted hut wo are met and astounded by the fuel that while the increase of population between 1790 and 1880 was something more than as three to one — the increase of luxation was more thon nine to one tho same principle moreover which would require us to anticipate nn augmentation of the national revenue from our growing population would lead us to ex|>oct the same results with re gard to mr state finances during the same s rind however although the population of the slate was nearly doubled the increase of revenue was but one-sixth a st shim as these results may seem ut the first glance they may lie accounted fur upon the most obvious principles of our nature the fiscal system of tl.o general government is indirect in its operation and that is effected insidi ously which would not be tolerated if like the pestilence it did not walk in darkness lei us stnte the case again — in 1790 the general go vernment levied a contribution on each individual in the union of 70 cent in 1^30 of 81 98 — the state on lhe other hand exacted 10 cents in 1700 and 12 cents in 1h30 why do wo not wit ness nn increase instead of a diminution of your levies because gentlemen your operations an seen ami understood you approach with trem bling footstep a guarded reservoir while others have unforbidden access to the secret sources of the fountain the revenue from the sale of public lauds has been estimated st half u million more than the an.ou.it it was estimated for the current year and one million more than the am mnl for 1888 thi estimate would have been made still larger i....i not the sales of the chickasaw lauds which will probably exceed hall .. million nf dollars been pledged hy lieaiy to other purposes ami not lo lhe general revenue of ilu government this large computation is founded on the fuels of the progressive increase lor some lime evinced ; the sun actually r v.-.l during the past year thn y.o.it piiiiilily of new mid sub-able lands coming into marketj the enlarged demand for them ta sn tisly ihe necessary wants of our growing population and of tho emigrants from europe and the high prices which their produce fortunately ol linns both nt home nml abroad " the revenue from hank dividends hns licon estimated at somewhat less than heretofore in consequence of iho sales ofour hank stock under the a.-.t r july ltuli 1889 for ihe investment of the accruing income of the navy pension and hospital funds having already mounted lo 11511 50 dollnrs and on which lhe treasury can now receive no dividends applicable lo general purpo ses il might perhaps lie advisable to deduct n still further sum to meet any contingency like that of the present year in which the united stales hank without the consent of this department or iho sanctions of congress and without nny fore warming of its intention seized on about 170,011 dollars nf the estimated revenue from this source and has since withheld it from the public treasu ry in another part of the report we have the fol lowing : " from the views before token of the propnhlo wants during the ensuing year for expenditures nud of lhe probable receipts to meet ihem il has been atnied lhat on iho 1st of january 1n30 it was estimated that thero will remain u surplus ol available funds of about 10,909,890,89 cents hut i v'd iiiiii to the inst slie cursed not hor destroyer — hun who closed not her n/.ure eve she lov'd when death gnnvv'd nl her heart ami bless'd with life's hist sii.'h national affairs iraroliiiian hllkaitl j | abstract from the lli port of the secretary tf the t s treasury — taken from the i'luladel/diia qatette ami commercial intelligencer together with its re marks i the cum the report of the secretory of tl.o treasury upon the state of the finances recently hud iss fore congress occupies near eight column of the national intelligencer from it we learn that the balance iu the treasury on 1st jan 1*34 was 1*11,702,005,31 the receipts ofthe lirst three quar ters,and the estimated receipts if tho fourth quarter of 1 f-3 1 aro 20,c24,717,04 jharoliniau is published every sa nn if paid ii advance if not jianl before the hliflcniitinucd unlil all arrearages hdisi-rctioii uf llie kditor els 1 received liir a lews tune e to notify the editor of .. ...... c .. year will be cousi c six subscribers t the i collect and transmit idilor shall have a po ice ■ t.ditor,may transmit sk — provided tlmj get ctuble person to jn-ove irly maile ti8in.s 1 advertisement will be conspicuously and correct inserted at 50 cents per square for the first insertion 1 33 cents for each continuance : but where an a - riis.-iueiit is ordered to go in only twice 50 cts will charged tor each insertion i person who desire to anjr*l t u,c 5 0 " , 1 * wl ' 1 b " commodated by a reasonable dcducti.ai iron the above urges fur transient custom to oohhksronnents 1 to insure prompt attention to utters addressed die editor the postage should iu all cases he paid making an aggregate of 932,327 023,25 the expenditures of lhe year nro yii.o.ii.-.l ut 25,501,300,01 " this result hns been attained by considering the unavailable portion of our funds then and now on hand at the reduced sum of only about •!, 150,0(10 instead of 1,-100,0011 as heretofore re iwrtoil hut it may lie desirable lo congress to know that thero is a prospect during tho ensuing year of collecting some further portion ol the funds this will bu accomplished il is anticipated by the appointment of some more active agents by new compromise and by more rigorous ro quirement in collections whore property exit so as to reduce further the whole amount from 50 000 to 100,000 ; nnd if lhis ho bo realized the above mimed available balance will lo that extent lie increased a minute analysis ami examination of these unavailable funds hove recently been com pleted and will lie submitted in tho supplemental report soon to ih laid before congress on iho pre sent mode of keeping nnd disbursing the public revenue but on the other hand enlarged some what us this balance may hap|wn lo be from ny onuses it should be remembered that on the 31st day of december 1h35 another reduction of 10 per cent must by ihe existing lews bo made from a pert ol tho piesent tariff and if the surplus in the treasury by a year from next january should prove to lie increased one or two millions it could not with safety be regarded a too grenl for meet ing with a reduced rule of imposts on imporla lions the probable wants of a ii 1h36 at all events such is ihe uncertainty on that subject at this distance of timo that though something u'nu sual in tho latter part of a d ihmo may ln the way oflinnl dividends on our portion of the enpi lul ofthe bank stock lie received yet it is not now possible lo fore«ee the contingencies that may check eithor the present large imporlatious oi merchandize or large sales of land and conue quenlly reduce the revenue derived from them ■ or thai moy require an increaso in our army or navy oxpe.idit.iros arising from those uufortuunle collision to which ull nntions nre liable unit feel disposed to sustain the faith of treaties vindicate their public rights and protect efficiently their commerce and citizens no further reduction of the i anil until that already provided for ot ihe close of the ensuing yeur would therefore seem to be prudent " the reduction or incrense of tho tariff is now referred tn with u view to revenue nlono and not with a view to questions so much agitated hereto fore of protection countervailing regulations and the proper national policy to bo pursued as to the imported luxuries and necessaries of life on those points it is considered far liclter for the real manufacturers themselves not engaged in mere speculating investments as well as for commerce agr.cullure and the revenue that a policy should be selected not unjust lo either great interest or either great secluin of the union and when once established thut frequent changes should be avoid ed and the occasional increase or reduction of revenue which may sometimes become proper for financial pur|k,sca ahould bo connected with erti ele wholly detached from tho question of protec lection to muuulactures the turilf us to these troublesome points is regarded a now adjusted by the act of march 1h33 till the year 1h42 e x ccpt in res|hjct lo such new regulations as may be required trom time to timo for the due enforc . men of the spirit of that act or such other chnns ges as new occurrences may satisfy the great mat i the community are rendered proper for earlier inodiiiculious without u departure from the sinrit which will leave a balance on tho 1st jan ls;(5 of 6,730,2:12 from this sum however inuat lie deducted the amount oldnmlsnoth uth 1,150,000,00 leaving a real balance of in the estimates of the year havo been included the remainder of the public debt which if not ac tually paid belore the end of tho year has a fund prepared ready to meet it so that on the 1st of january 1688 the entire public debt which in 1 iii amounted to 8ajle of necjroes c on saturday the 3d day of january there will be sold at public sale on a credit ol the late dwelling-house of william cowan deceased one likely negro man and a woman these negroes belong to the estate of the said deceased and are sold to pay tbe debts alan at the same time and place the balance op the negroes of said estate will be hired out for 1 year the terms of credit and other particulars will ' <!.. known on the dnv of sale >* »- i/ikming ad.nin'r december 90 1884 * l estate sale of negroes - a:c t the first day of january next i will sell to " ' the highest bidder at llie courthouse in sa lisbury for cash several valuable negroes belonging to the estate of the late dr perrand and ou ihe same day immediately after the sole and is there to 1 no end of these things ne ver — if the states forgetful of their own rights and dignity heedless of the value of the checks provided by the federal constitution unite their etrorts to destroy even these safegards of our li berties atall events no such pros|>ect is present ed to us now it has been announced to the ame rican people by the highest authority that even at this day in a period f prolound cncc when the national debt is extinguished to the utmost farthing thai more than twenty millions are neces sary to meet il.e ordinary expenses ofthe govern ment of these twenty millions north carolina contributes more tliiut ll million while vou lhe representatives f the people will not dare not . ,,,...,,. „ tenth of the amount to answer nil the purpose of the mate oimnamm hut if twenty millions are necessary now what sum will siiliice in caee of » foreign war or the commencement of a national system of internal improvements ' a system of internal improvements which pro poses to lavish the treasure of the nation upon those sections of the union where nature hus ls-eii most prodigal of her bounties and leave in utler destitution those whose situation ihe most imperiously require relief a system which would improve the hudson and lhe mississippi i almost indefinite extent but would not extend above wil mington on tin < a|h fear newbern nn the nous washington n the tar and plymouth ou the roa noke a national system whush makes no provi sion for any portion of the west irn or for nine tenth ..!' ilu eastern aection of iim state 138,000,000 dollars will havo been discharged the estimates for the year 1h35 arc as follows : receipts from cusloms,$l 0,000,000 public lands 1,50(1,(111(1 llank dividends and i miscellaneous receipts \ 500,000 20,0011,000 which added to the balance on 1st january 5,580,232,31 will give ns the mini of means 825,580,232,3-1 expend lures lor the yeur 19,688,541,59 leaving a probable balance on 1st jan 1^:10 of 5,902,0 0,89 should however the total amount of former ap propriations that will be outstanding on the 1st of jan 1885 amounting lo upwards of 0,000,000 be iictually called tor during the year there would be an apparent deficiency on the 1st of january 1888 i'lio report proceeds as follow ; " this e-iimate of receipts is formed on the supposition lhat tho value of imports during lhe ensuing year and especially of thoso paying du ties will not d.tler essentially from the average value during the lust three years though our population has within that period prolml.ly in creased over one million yet our manufactures and internal trade have probably increased nearly ui an equal proportion und this circumstance cou pled with the greater cuulion and frugality prac tised during the past year and still continuing will it is believed tend to prevent any considera ble augmentation in ihu consumption or importa tion of foreign articles those during the three past years have on an nveruge been about 111 088,143 tbe exports during the same vour are estimated ut 197,818,734 of which 74/14.1,429 were in domestic nud 33,874,395 in foreign pro ducts being compared with the preceding year nn increase of 855,831 of which 3,802,399 were in articles of domestic and 2,h52,022 in those of foreign products the average cx|n,rts during the last three years have been about 91 719,890 of which 809,407,970 tire the average in article of domestic products and 33,811,714 111 those of 1 reign ll will thus be seen llial ihe imports of the in hi yeur varied in aim unl 13,055,309 from the average ol the three past years mid those pay in duties are believed tu ban varied much less it is therefore 111 connection with the itasotis before i win iiiri out for one rear lithe iispul terms the re lining negroes be i*lging to said estate also at thu same time peveral lots in the town of salisbury will be rented out for one year robert macnamara december 13 1*3-1 — ids admin'r ivogrocs for huie i do nol beailate to admit that it is not the mere collection of large sums of money which atartle im i am one of those who entertain the opinion that governments wore instituted among men to secure that protection which could mt be nih riled l.y u single arm and to effect il.e improve ment necessary to tl.o wellbeing of the communi ty which could be compassed by individual exer tion it.lt these power and these duties gentlemen belong appropriately and peculiary to you have noi been delegated and caiuiul be sufc-ly coulided elsewhere will be sold before tdk courthouse dour in salisbury on thursday the l.va day if january next between thirty-five and forty valuable jvcgroes ik-longing to the estate of joseph chambers de ceased late of rowan county by this is perhaps the most valuable lot of n.jir.his ever otlered for sale in this section ofthe country the greater purt of them being young very likely and of good character a credit of 12 mouths will be given u|>on bond and security willi interest after six months samuel reeves december 18 1884 — ids adtnin'r it can scarcely lie necessary lo advert nrticnlurlv to the ev lis which a redundant revenue bus indicted ami is now inflicting upon the country — they ure pa i pa hie lo tin observation of every one it has cor rupted he press hr.s.ghl he patronage of the go vernment into conflict with he freedom of elections and created associations of persons whose interest il;tudl>ill circular cards ste neatly printed at ihu oilicc nre directly at variance willi thus uf llic'^rl's body nf lhe people ll i impowus not in s.l ccivl thai there arc individual rim » baton