the western carolinian published weekly john beard jr editor and proprietor lumber from the beginning 759 : no 29 of the xvth volume salisbury rowan county n c saturday december 20 1834 t3bp.1io a mvo i n neither unnatural or unexpected the circumstance cannot oil to exalt its character for justice and good kith in lhe eyes of all nations the treaty of amity ami commerce between the united states and belgium brought to your notice in my lusi annual message aa sanctioned by the senale but the ratification of which hud not been exchanged owing to n delay in its re c.-ptioii at brussels and a subsequent absence of the belgian minister of foreign affairs has been niler mature deliberation finally disavowed by that government ns inconsistent with the powers nml instructions given lo their minister who nogo ciated it this disavowal was entirely unexpect ed as the lils-rnl principle embodied in the con vention and which form the ground-work of the objection to it were perfectly satisfactory to the bolgion representative and wore supposed lo im not only within the powers granted but expressly conformable to il.e instruct hum given hun all idler not yet acceptl 1 bus been made by belgium io reni'w negooiationi for a treaty loss liberal in its provisions on questioni of general maritime law blank cortifieutes have isu-u issued ; sometimes pre pared pu|s'is linvn been signed without inquiry ; niul in ono iustiiuc ut leusl tho seal of the court has been within reach of a person most interested iu lis improper application it ie obvious that un der siuli ciitiiinstuiii'i's no sevenly of iidinuiistra the gross amount of postages to supply tho ontiro delicit before tho end uf 1 l hut us this calcit iniioii is based ou iho groan amount of postages w iinii had ocoured within tho period eml.r.ice.l by tho limns of striking tl.o balances it ih obvious that will out ll progressive iiicrcusn ill till amount of postages thu existing riitrciichmunta must lin persevered in through tho your 1h:i0 that tl.o i puiliiiiul may uccimiuluto a surplus fund sufficient to place 1 ill ll c.iinihlioii of perli'ct o.ihc it will i observed that tho revouiins of tha host offloa department though thoy have inane sed nml their amount is above that of any former your have yet fallen short of tho estimates mom than u liundred thousand dollars th.s is attribu ted iu a great degree o lhe increase of fret i iters growing out of tbo extension and abuse of thu franking privilege there has boon u gin.in nl increase in tbu munlicr of executive nlli.es to which it has boon grunted ; uml l.y all act passed iu march 1888 it wa.sexten.leil to members of con gress throughout tbo whole year it is behoved that a revision of the laws relative to the franking privilege with soino enact inetits to enforce mi.ro rigidly the restriction under which it is granted would penile lieueticially to tho country l.v ena bling the lh'p.'11'imeni at an earlier period 10 re st .• the mail facilities thut have boon withdrawn mnl to extend them mon widely oh tho growing hcttlomuuta of the country may require to a measure so inipoituui to tl.o ji vernment unl so josl to our constituent who mik no exclu sive privileges li.r themselves uml an not wiling to concede them to others i earnestly rt-cummoiul the serious attention of congress the importance of the i'oat office department nud tho magnitude to whioh if bus grown is.ib tu lis revenue and in it operations seem ta demand its re-orguniaation by law the whole of its re ceipt mnl disbursements hnve hitherto been left iiiin ly in executive control and iti.lividu.il die oration the principle in as sound in relation to this as to any other department of the government ilmt as lillle discretion should ik confided t tl.o executive officer who control it ns ia compatible with ilu efficiency it is then-fore eurnchtly ru oommeeded that it bo organized with nn auditor tuid treasurer of its own appointed by thu l'resi dent tuid so.u.to who shall be branches of tho treasury department your attention is again respectfully invited lo the defect which exists in tho judicial system of tho united states nothing can bo more dcsiin itio than the uniform 0|k-ration of tl.o federal ju diciary throughout the several states all of which standing on the same footing as members of tbo union have equal rights to tho advantages and benefits resulting from its laws this object is not attained by tha judicial acta now in force ix-cniiho they leave ono-fourth of tho suites with out circuit courts il is undoubtedly the duty of congress to plaro all tlio status on tbu same footing in this reaped either hy the creation of an additional number of associate ju.lgos or l.y an enlargement of the cir cuits assigned to those already appointed ho ns lo include the new slates vvhatovor may be tho difficulty in a proper organization of tho judicial system so ns to secure its efficiency nnd uniformity in nil purls of tho union and at the same tin to avoid such an increase of judges as would encumber the supreme appellate tribunal it should not be al lowed to weigh against tho great injustice which the present o|k)ration of tho system produces i trust that i may be also pardoned for renewing tho recoiiinicndution 1 have so often submitted to paper currency should tl.o stat hanks bo incapa ble of furnishing if i'l lose institution liuvu ul i'.nlv shown themselves competent to purcliusu and furnish domestic exchange for tha convenience of trade at reasonable rate ; and nol a doubt is enter im i but in a short period all iho wants of tho country in hank ucc inmod iti iih uud exchange will he supplied ns prompt and cheaply as thev hue heretofore boon hy tho hank of the united status if the several state shall be induoed gra dually to rejbrm ih.-ir hanking ysteins and prohibit the issue of all small notes wn shall i it a few years have a currency as sound and ns liitlo liablo tu fluctuations us any other comiiiercinl country tlit \\ < li rn carolinian ttbvbd wkl-:iv.l.y.:.:.::::,.v;::.:::.joiln beard jr tkhms ill publication 1 tin wostern carolinian ,.- published every s.i tuhi.iv sttwo ilollnrs per riiiniiiii if paid in advance or'l'wo dollnrs nnd fifty cents if nol paid before lhe uxjiiralni of three months j no paper will is discontinued until nil arrearage er pnid unless m tin diaoretion of the editor i subscription will nol bo recoived ibr a le*stimo tjiiiii one year ami n fuiliiu i notify the k.hlor of n i„h in iiisi'iiniinui nt the end of a year will he cousl iior.-il ns i n.-w engagement i on an cheek he abuse of tin law ; and informa tion has from time lo lime isen oiiiiiiiniicaliid to ihu pension office questioning ... denying tin rijjht of person placed u|s.n tho pension list to tl.o bounty of lln country such cautions mo nlwnvs attended to ami examined ihu a hi mora (_; oim ml investigation is ailed for ami i therefore ™- eoiiuneiiil in conformity with the siiuoesti.ni of the secretary of war thai an actual inspection should in made in each state into the oli-oumatnnooi and the report of tha secretary f war together will ilu accompanying documents from lhe several 4 anv person who will procure six subscriber to the carolinian anil lako tha treuble looolleel i transmit then nibaoriptlon-nioney to the kilitor sluill have n pas ie r gratis during theii continuance ft 0 .'" persons fid bted to lh cditor mny transmit lo him through the mud nt his risk providi 1 thi ,/ gt i tke acknowledgment of any r tpt ctabtt }„ rum to jtrove thxii such r milium wus regularly mmle bureaux of lliul i epuiiini-nl will exhibit tho situa tion of the various objects coiiiiiiittnd to its admi nistration claims of every person now drawing a pension the honest veteran bus nothing to fear from such ii scrutiny while tin fraudulent claimant will in dotocted nnd the public treasury relieved to un amount 1 have reason in believe flir greater tbiin bus heretofore been suspected the details of such a plan could is so regulated iu to interpose the necessary checks without any burthensotne o|h,ni titiu upon the pensioners tho ot.joct should ix two-fold : no event bus occurred since your last session rendering necemary any movements of thu army with the exception of tho expedition of the regi ment of ilrag.hiiih into iho territory of tho wiindur ing and predatory lnl.es inhabiting tho western frontier ami living adjacent to lh mexican bounda ry those trils.s huvo been heretofore known lo us principally l.y ihoir attacks upon our own citizens anil upon other indians entitled to tho protection of thu united states it becamt necessary for thu pence of the frontiers to chock these habitual in roads ami i urn happy to inform you that the ob ject bus im-oii efisotea without tho commission of any act of hostility col dodgo and thu troops under bis command have actud with equal firmness and humanity and an arrangement bos is made with those indians which il is hoped will assure ili.ir permanent pacific rolntion with the united stales ami lhe other tribes of indians upon that border it is to in regretted lhat tlio prevalence of sickness in that quarter bus doprive.l tbo coun try of a number of valuable lives and particularly that gunernl leavenworth nit oliicur well kunwu and esteemed for bis gallant services iu tho into war and for his subsequent good conduct has fallen a victim to his zeal und exertions in tho discharge of his duty tho army is in a high stnte of discipline its moral condition so far us that is known here is good and tho various brunches of the public ser vice ere carefully attended to it is amply suffi cient undur its present organization for providing tho necessary garrisons fir tho sea-board und for tho deli-nee of the internal frontier and also for preserving thu elements of military knowledge nn.l for keeping pace with those improvements which moduni experience is continually making and these objects appear to me to embrace all tbo legi timate purposes for which a pormanont military force should be maintained in our country tlie lessons of history teach us its danger and tbo ten dency which oxists to nn increase this can is best met and averted by a just caution on the purt of the public itself and of those who represent them in congress from tbo dulios which dcvolvo on tho enginocr department and upon tho topographical liugi nocrs a dilluront organization sooms tu bo demand ed by tbu public ititcrost and i recommend the subject to your consideration no important cluingo has during this season in ken place iu tbo condition of the indians ar rangements nro in progress for tho removal of the crocks and will soon be for the removal of the se minolos i regret that the cherokoos cast of the mississippi have not yet determined as a commu nity to remove how long tho i_crsouul causes which have heretofore retarded that ult.mut.ety in evitable measure will continue to operate i am unable to conjecture it is certain however that delay w rt 1 bring with it accumulated evils ; which will render their condition more and more unplea sant tho experience of every year adds to tho conviction thut emigration and that alona cun preserve from destruction tho remnant of the tribe yet liying among us the facility with which the necessaries of life aro procured and thu treaty sti pulations providing aid for the emigrant indians in their agricultural pursuits and iu tbo important concern of education and their removal from i hose . uu .,.. which have heretofore depressed all and de stroy.xl many ofthe tril.es cannot full to stimulate thoir exertions and to reward their industry the two laws passed at tbu last session of con gress on the subject of indian hairs havo been carriud into effect and detailed instructions for their administration have been gives it will be seen by the estimates f.r the present session that n groat reduction will take place in the expendi tures of tbo department in consnquenco of these laws and there is reason to boliovo that their operation will ho salutary and thnt thn colonization of tho indians on tho western frontier together with a judicious system of a li n nis ration will still further reduce tho oxpenses of this branch of the public service and at the samo time promote its usefulness nud efficiency circumstances have l_ccn recently developed showing the existence of extensive frauds under the various laws granting pensions and gratuities for revolutionary services it is iin|»ossiblc to esti mate tbo u noi mt which may havo beon thus frau dulently obtained from the national treasury i am satisfied howevor it has been such as to justi fy a reexamination of tho system and tho adop tion of the necessary checks in its administration all will agree that tho services and sufferings of the remnant of our revolutionary band should lie fully com|icnsnted rut while this is done every proper precaution should bo taken to prevent tho admission of fabricated and fnuidiile.it claims iu the present mode of proceeding tho attestation and certificates of judicial olticera of tho varion states fnrin a considerable portion of the chocks which aro interposed ngaiast the commission of frauds thee however have been nnd may ly fabricated and in such n way as to elude detection at the examing offices and independently of this practical difficulty it ii ascertained that tii do . ijui'-iits arc often loosely granted ; sometimes even tku.vis of allvkiu'lsinil 1 advertisements will be conspicuously uld correct ly inserted nt fhi oonts per square fbr the first insertion anil h cent for each cuntinnance i but where an ml fertiaemenl i ordered to go in only twice oil cts will be charged lor each insertion ■_!. persons who desire tn engage hy the yenr will ho tccommodated l.y i reasonable deduction from the above ehirijes for transient custom our newly established relations with tho tjpb lime porte pro iso to be useful to our commerce and satisfactory in every respect to this govern nienl our intercourse with the llurlmry powers cmti lines without important change except that the present political sliilo of algiers has induced nu to terminate the residence tbnro of a salaried t onsu i uud to substitute an ordinary consulate to renin ill so long as tho place continues in the pos session of prance our first treaty with ono of these powers — tho kmperor of morocco — was formod in 17^(1 and wns limited to liflv years — thai poriod has almost expired i shall ink mea sures to renew it with the greatest satisfaction as its stipulations are just and liberal and have been with mutual fidelity und reciprocal advantage scrupulously fulliiie.1 intestine distentions hnve too frequently occur red to mar i lie prosperity interrupt tlio commerce and distract the governments of most of tho na tions of this hemisphere which have separated ih.-iiisclves from spain when a firm ami perma nent understanding with tho parent country shall hnve produced a formal acknowledgment of their independence and the idea of danger from that quarter cnn be no longer entertained the friends of freedom expect thnt those countries so favored by nature will be distinguished for their love of justice and their devotion to those ponceful arts the assiduous cultivation of which confers honor upon nations nnd gives value to human life in the mean time i confidently hope that the apprehen sions entertained that soma of the poopla of those luxuriant regions may lie templed in a moment of unworthy distrust of their own capacity for iho enjoymout of liberty to commit tho too common error of purchasing present repose by bostowinp nn some favorite leaders tho fatal gift of irrespon sible power — will not lie realized with all those governments and with that of ltrnzil no unex pected changes in our relations have occurred du ring the present year frequent causes of just complaint have arisen upon tho part of the citi zens of the unitod states — sometimes from tho 1 to lisik into tho original justice of tho claims so far as this can is done under a proper system of regulations by an examination of tne claimants themselves and by inquiring in tl.o vicinity of tlieir residence into their history and into the pinion entertained of their revolutionary services 1 to insure prompt attention lo lettets addreaaed to the editor uie postage should iu ull cases bu paid i to uscorluin in all cases whether tbo origi nal claimant is living nnd this by actual personal u)s|h1c this measure will if adopted l>o productive i think of the desired results and 1 therefore re oommeod it to your ooosidoration with tho further suggestion that nil payments should be en penile i till tho necessary reports ure received it will iki seen l.y a tubular htiitemont t.tinoxed to tbu documents mnsiuittod to congress that fix appropriations fiir objects connected with the war department mode ut the in-st session for the ser vice of the year 1884 excluding iho permanent appropriation for tbe payment of military gratuities under tho act of juno 7 163ii tho appropriation of two hundred thousand dollars for arming and equip ping the mililiu and tlio npppropriation of ion thou sand dollars for tho civilization of iho i ml inns which aro not annually renewed amounted to the sum of nine millions three thousand two hundred and sixty-one dollars and thnt tho estimates of ap propriations necessary for thu same brunches of service for tho year 1 980 amount to the sum of live millions seven bundrod and seventy-eight thou sand nine hundred and sixty-four dollan making a dillireucu in tho appropriations of the current year over tho stimuli's of appropriations for tho noxt of three millions two hundred and twenty-four thou sand two hundred unl ninety-seven dollars thu principal causes which have operated at this time to produce this great difference are shown in tho reports and lis_-.un.outs and in tbe detailed estimates some of those causes are accidental nn.l temporary while others ure permanent and aided by a just courso of administration may con tinue to operate beneficially upon the public expen diliires books pamphlets handbill circulars cards vc neatly printed nt this office vrlmh i d eft t'-n tl essacte concl.-.jed from mtr last our foreign rolations continue with but few ex ceptions to maintain thn favorable aspect which thev bore iu my last annual message and promise to extend those advantages which the principles thnt regulate our intercourse with other nations are so well calculated to secure the question of tho northeastern boundary is still ponding with ureal britain and the proposi tion inado in accordance with who resolution of the senate for tho establishment of a lino according lo the treaty of 1783 has not lieen accepted by that government behoving that every disposi tion is felt on both sides to adjust this orploxing question to the satisfaction of all the parties inte i»*ted in it tho hope is yot indulgod that it may be vllected ou the basis of thai proposition with the governments of austria russia prus m holland sweden nnd denmark tho host un derstanding exists commerce with all is foster ed and protected by reciprocal good will under the sanction of liberal conventional or legal provi sions in the midst of her internal difficulties the queen of spain has ratified tho convention for the payment of the claims of out citizens arising siuce 1819 it is in the course of execution n her part and a copy of it is now laid before you for such legislation as may bo found necessary to enable those interested to derive ilio benefits of it yielding to tho force of circumstances and to the wise counsels of lime and ex|>ericnce that power has finally resolved no longer to occupy the unnatural position in which she stood to the new governments established in this hemisphere 1 have tho great satisfaction of slating to you that iu preparing the way for the restoration of har mony between those who have sprung from the same ancestors who are allied by common inte rests profess the same religion ond speak the none language the unitod states have been ac tively instrumental our oftorts lo effect this good work will lie persevered in while ihey are deem ed useful to the parties nnd our entire disinterest edness continues lo bo felt and understood the av f (. ingress to countervail the discrimina ting duties levied to il.o p j«.j'oo f ra.r naviga tion iu cuba nud porta rico has been transmitted to the minister of tbe united slates at madrid to be communicated to the vernment of the queen no intelligence of its receipt has as yet reached the deportment of state if the present condi tion of tho country permits tho government to make a careful and enlarged examination of the true interests of thuse important portions of its dominions no doubt is entertained thut their fu ture intercourse with the united stn'os will be placed upon u more just and liberal basis the florida archives huve nol yet been seloct r-d and delivered recent orders have been bent tn the agent of the united slates at havana to return with all that he can obtain so thnt they may hn in washington before the session of the supreme court to is used in legal questions there pending to winch the government is a party internal truiii|itillity is happily restored to por tugal the distmrted stale of the country ren dered unavoidable the postponement of a final pay ment of the just claims of our citizens our di plomotic relations will be soon resumed and the long subsisting friendship with that power affords tho strongest guarantee that the balance due will receive prompt attention the first instalment duo under the convention of indemnity with the king of the two sicilies has been duly received nnd an offer has been made to extinguish the whole by a prompt payment n offer which i did not consider myself nulbori ed lo accept as tho indemnification provided is the exclusive proiierty of individual citizens of the united slates the original adjustment of our claims and the anxiety displayed to fulfil at once ll stipulation mnde for the payment of them re highly honorable to the government of the two sicilies when it is recollected ihut thoy er the result of the injustice of an intrusive power temporarily dominant in its territory a re pugnanos to acknowledge and to pay which would irregular action of ihu constituted subordinate au thorities of the maritime regions and sometimes from the leaders or partisans of those in arms against tho established governments in all ca ses representations havo been or will be made ; and as soon as their political affairs are in a set tled position it is expected that our friendly re monstrances will bo followed by adequate redress tbe government of mexico made known in de cember la * the appointment of commissioners and n surveyor on its part to run in conjunction with ours tbo boundary lino between its territo ries nnd tlie united states and excused tbe delay lor the reasons anticipated — tho prevalence of ci vil wnr the commissioners and surveyors not having met within the time stipulated by tho trea ty a new arrangement became necessary and our charged alliiirs was instructed in january last to negotiate in mexico an article additional to tbe pro-existing treaty this instruction was ac t_uwtrujg«j al no difficulty was apprehended in tho accomplishment of the object hy infcimn tion just received thai additional article io the treaty will be obtained and transmitted to this country as s.sin as it can roceivc the ratification of iu mexican congress j'ho re-union of the three states of new gra nada venezuela and equador forming the re public of colombia seems every day to become more improbable tbe commissioners of the iwo lirst are understood to be now negotiating a just division ofthe obligations contracted by them when united under ono government tho civil war in equador it is believed has prevented even the appointment of a commissioner on its part 1 propose at an early day lo submit in the pro per form the appointment of a diplomatic agent to venezuela tho importance of the commerce of that country to thu united states and the large claims of our c.iizens upon tho government ari sing before and siuce the division of colo bin rendering it in my judgment improper longor to delay this step our representatives to central america peru and brazil are oithcr at or on tlieir way to their respective posts from the argentine republic from which a minister was expected to this government nothing further has been heard occasion has been taken on the departure of a new consul to buenos ay res lo remind thnt government that its long delayed minister whose appointment had been made known to us had not arrived i the part of the mestogt next in order — viz lh stdijects of trance the finances and tht hank was published in our lasl paper £<'•) the progress of our gold coinage is creditable to the officers of thu mint and promises in n short is-rind to furnish the country with a sound and por table currenev which will much diminish tho in convenience to travellers of the want of a general a just economy expending where the public service requires nnd withholding where it does not is among tbo indispensable duties of tbo go vernment i refer you to tho accompanying report of the socretnty f tbe navy and to the documents with it li.r a full view of tho operations of that impor tant brunch of our sorvice during tho present year it will bo seen thnt the wisdom and liberality with which congress have provided for the gradual in crease of our navy material have been seconded by a corresponding zeal and fidelity on the part of those to whom has beon confided iho execution of tlie laws on tho subject and that but a short peri od would bo now required to put in commission n force largo enough for nny exigency into which the country may bu thrown when wu rolled u\nm our position in relation to other nations it must is apparent thnt in the event of conflicts with them we must look chiefly to our navy for tbo protection ofour national rights the wide sens which separate us from other govern ments must of necessity ho tho theutro on which un enemy will aim to assail us ; and unless wo arc prepared to me.it him on this element wo cannot lie said to possess tho power requisito to repel or prevent aggressions we cannot therefore wutch with too much attention this arm of our defence or cherish with too much care the means by which it can passes the nocussary olficioncy and oxton siun tu this ond our policy has been heretofore wiscly directed to the constant employment of n force sufficient to guard our commerce and to ihe rapid accumulation of the materials which are ne cessary to repair air vessels and construct with ease such now ones a may bo required in a stale of war your attention in regard to tho modo of electing tho president and vice president of iho united state all tho reflection i have been able to be stow upon tho subject increases my conviction that the host interests of tho country will bo pro moled by tho adoption of some plan which will se cure in all contingencies that important right of sovereignty to tho direct control of tho people could this be nttaiuod and the terms of those tfi curs bo limited to a single poriod of either four or six year i think our liberties would possess an ad ditional safeguard at your last session i called tho attention of congress to tho destruction of tho public building occupied by tho treasury department as tho public interest requires that another building should imi erected with us little dolay as possible it is hoped that the means will bo seasonably provided and that they will bo ample enough to nuthorizo such nn enlargement and improvement in iho plan of tho building as will more olfeclually accommo date tho public officers and secure tho public docu ments sisit<-il in it from tho casualties of fire i have not been nt.lo to sutisfy myself that the bill entitled u an act to improve tho navigation of tho wulswh river which was sont to mo ut tho cloeo of your last session ought to pass and i havo therefore withheld from it my approval nnd now return it to tho senate tho body in which it origi ■ lilted in accordance with this policy i recommend to your consideration the oroction of tho additional dry dock described by the secretary of tho na vy and also the construction of tho steam batte ries to which he has referred for the purpose of testing their efficacy aa auxilirics to the system of defence now in use thoro can bo no question connected with tho administration of public alfairs more important or more difficult to bo satisfactorily dealt with than that which relates to tlio rightful authority and proper action of tho federal government upon the subject of intorual improvements to inherent embarrnssmentn have boon added others resulting from tho course of our legislation concerning it i havo heretofore communicated frocly with congress ujion this subject and in advorting to it again i cannot refrain from expressing my incuse sod conviction of its extreme importance as well in regard to its bearing upon tho maintenance of the constitution and the prudent management of the public revenue as on account of its disturbing effect u|hhi the harmony of the union r we nre in no danger from violations of the con htitution by which encroachments nre mado upon tho personal rights of tho citizen the sentence of condemnation long sinco pronounced by the american people u|«on acts of thnt character will i doubt not continue to prove ns salutary in ia effects a it is irreversible in its nature but against the re[»ort of the postmostor general herewith submitted exhibits the condition and prospects of that department from that document it apissars that there was a deficit in iho funds of tho depart ment nt the commencement of the present year beyond its available means of three hundred and fifteen thousand five hundred nnd nin'-.ty-nine dol lar and ninety-eight cents which on the first of july last hud been reduced to two hundred and sixty-eight thousand ninety-two dollnrs and seven tv-f.ir cent it appears also that the revenues for the coming year will exceed tho expenditures ulao.it two hundred and seventy thousand dollars whi h with tho excess of revenue which will re sult from ibe operation of the current half year may be expected independently of any increase in