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the western carolinian • gtomaokba waaiaai — mwvt ibibaibido ju.j ba>arc<i>tb & ipibcdipibiiibv^-s jimraif uso-ifi'iii its oh vol axiv jvo 48 ; 8alisbury....saturday may 3 1834 ) w\\o\enumwv 7ftft i without any view f . • nu iiicreaseil coiisinuptu mil when hey would no longer support iis our li-llow ciii/.eii.s with their children and slaves without waiting for the slow bul certain approach of pover ix have wisely for themselves nml under present circumstances fortunate for us sought ■■e tency or wealth in ihe fertile uml wild lands of the west and southwest it is confessedly the greaf and crying evil of the state thai our labor the only source of wealth is unproductive and thai there is a consequent want of capital for the pur poses of commerce manufactures and agriculture a mosl striking proof of this is to be found in the history of our banks por man roars we have hnd|8,a0.>,(-00 of banking capital in the bands of joint siock ciiuipa i '|'|„. charters ol these com panics are pisl expiring nml ont of hem only bus applied for a renewal of theocl of incorporation and although ihe legislature hove granted to new l panics very favorable charters n is doubtful whether tho stock will be subscribed s as to al low any one of them i ".. uu operation if tb sl.uk of ibe hank of ibe stale !„• taken lo an amount which will entitle ihe subscriber to claim corporate rights il will bo the only of the line hanks i which charters ore offered thai will lie able i raise a capital mid litis hank will nol have more than 8000,000 of the 91,600,000 of stock winch it is ui liberty to employ now there can iw but three ways of nc mini for ihe disap pearance i so large an amount of sr banking capital . either ii bus been withdrawn from the im mess i making loan on interests nnd vested property in thu state which with lie same risk will yield a larger profit than bus been heretofore na.l hi banking operations or secondly it must be supp isod that owing to the diminished profits to l made on the cultivation of hinds thai persona in s.de circumstances cannot afford to pay six per ceni lin loans io any large amount nnd thnt either fewer list its will ik made or risk of loss mi those made will is greater than heretofore so that the neit profits of banking capital will is here nl'ier less ; or thirdly the capital must hnve gone io other states where ii is expected t be more productive it will ih foreign to lie purpose of tins address o pursue ibis topic further than lo show from it that capital is ut once scarce and un productive md it is only necossary to bay that 111 re is no business now followed in this stale thai will ive n profit at ull equal to that for rlv de rived from hunk slock nn.l therefore the brut cause supposed lias no effect in withholding capital from the new hunks ami ii is solely ascribable lo tb other two ami principally to the latter it is but one more melancholy proof of i lie depression of ihe profits of labor and capital among ns ll were alike unwise and unfeeling in us thus to expose ihe wi nkiio-s id our native land if il were not necessary lo trace our maladies to iluir remote laii-es thai they may if possible be cured as these causes are w ii understood and generally ad mitted it will h sufficient for our present argu ment to omit all minor oni b uud to point out thoso only thai are mosl import mt our first and greatest disadvantage is without doubt tho poverl of our lands scattered over i our territory and especially on our rivers we have tracts of lands of surpassing fertility ; bul the gene nil character of our soil if not absolutely sterile is at least churlish and ungrateful making very scan ty . turns for ihe labor expended on it tlie te ,..«./ cause of ibe diminished und diminishing pro fit of our labor is the low price of our rent staple cotton the wonderful improvements made iii machinery for the ginning of cotton nn.l convert m ii into thread and cloth by diminishing the price of fabrics iniule from it has increased the con sumption of them many thousand fold beyond what the mosl sanguine imagination could have anticipa ted thirty yi ins since the demand for the raw material bus of course is'.-n increased in exact pro portion to the consumption but great as that is and although constantly increasing the plant is capable of being grown in so many latitudes and ver so large a portion of the earth that the supply has more than kept pace with the demand the ne cessary consequence has been thai the price al though subjeel to many fluctuations has eventually greatly declined this has fallen with more weight upon us because f the inui limited and costly pro duction with us than in richer so is uud warmer climates and especially in the stoles south and west of us the more southern stales from the strength f their soil an i the adaptation of their climate to the culture of cotton with less labor re ceive u much greater turn from ihe acre than wo do and of finer staple : and of course are able to sell to the manufacturer at a less prioe with greater profit prom the ureal law of exchange able value they con receive nothing from the ma nufacturer beyond a fair profit on their capital and labor and we who enter into competition with them must of course i coiileid to sell what cost us more at less price ami must necessarily receive l.'s profit hut as we make larger proti.s on the culture of cotton than we receive on other exports wc have for a succession of x"nrs constantly in creased our production and although our skill in ilie culture bus enabled us to lessen die costs tbe little profit we are able i realize from it is tbe most prominent cause ofthe depression of our labor the third cause arises from the cost nf transport ing our products to ii market the great rivers which flow from the west to the sen throughout the btate are interrupted in ibeir courses by fulls niul other obstructions so that they do not admit of inland transport for any distance from their mouths tin evil is the greater as th staples f the country nre generally of great weight and bulk ami when they are brought to market a consi.lera ii 1 " purl of their value consists in the cost of their transportation t and in very many of them of the easiest production and in tbe greatest demand for instance wheal and indian-corn made in the mid dle and western counties the cost of transporta non is so great that ii amounts tn n total prohibi ition of ihe export the a.st of ini|sirt from the la cnu-r ii .' apparent hears heavily on nuiny bulky articles rtecouary to n auoceastlil cultivation of the soil aii exorbitant puce is pan for salt in seme counties and even foi ir ihe most necea sary of all the gifts of naliire i the proseciiliou of agriculture and tho other iwoail arts gypsum and lime so essential as manures are altogether out ofl our power from the high price of carriage this ! third cans the ureal expense of transportation as ii is vex obvious is ne of ih greatest obstacles io ihe creation of wealth in this state wealth have each found at different p i , . . 1 ia dilferont countries its advocates who hi ■i lad hie li.vo.ir.le pursuit at ihe x|m'..sc , . her ivvo ; anil on occoiiul of us suppmod pr co have claimed from government l ...... - for is em agotnenl or duties for its pr ilooti n we iiuisi not h understood so to advocate ng ituro all iliese throe sources of wealth ire pun l.x us us ix-uig iii themselves on a perfect i . ity mid hint one or llie other or nil i)j them nl i , arc to be followed b any people n.-c rding to thn mean the huve by nature r art foi u suoci maii pursuit of them wb an of ihe lumber el those who believe il is-st tlml individual should i left by govomment t fellow their own intereats und ih ii in general nothing more i iiocosasirj for tho protection of industry than equal laws and in economical public expenditure fin exception is nf necessity lo be made to the doclru nf non-ill lerferen i pint of the government where there is some ciiicrpri/e for the public welfare of such magnitude iluti it requites he wealth nn.l credit of the slut to curry ii int effect or sonic obstacle of such difficulty tlml it is obviously i within the power of individual capital or thai x,f private association lo remove it such we think is the case with us at present we believe thai no--.ii less 1 1 nu i the wealth ami credit of the . ',., state at the disposal of the people themsolve through the general assembly can so improve oui inland transport throughout our whole limits .- i place our industry m u level with our competitor in oilier slnies w addressto run people of north carolina written by tlie control committoo appointed hv the convention which assembled in raleigh in novem ber i , i so much mi rest has 1 xpressed throutli the pr iml idlurivi.se in the proceeding of the convention winch nni nt the seal of government in novombor last for the purpom of deliberating on the expediency l improving the transportation ol tho state that ii is almost unnecessary to call lo voiir iiiiti the fuel thai bv a resolution of thai hody their president was authoriaed to appoint a committee of ton to disseminate lnformntioi ihe mbjool of i nml improvement 1 to publi.h un aibliess i'he appointment of thai committee has been nun public and in porfbnruu.ce of ihe duty given in charge lo them bj ihe convent thev resp cii'ullv iisli of their fellow-citizens thoir serious consideration lo a well meant attempt to brill before them in u plain ami unpretending mi , i ihe causes of the adniitlleil ilepr ssod con din..n of the industry of ihe state and of the re medy from which in the opinion of the convent i n and of tho ( lommittee relief may be expected — as this subject is of miui concorn to yourselves uml us it is inconceivable thai the convention cnn have taken upon them the trouble nud responsibili ty of devising and recommending a plan for the improvement of our inland transport von x oilier motive than the common good il is hopeil thai no npoloi'v will bo essary for iho demand now made on your time un.l attention thai north-carolina with an extensive territo ry with n line climate with equal and just laws with n numerous und intelligent and moral nnd in dustrious people has neither the internal prosperi ty nor the political influence which would seem to lie the necessary results of these naturi ' and social advantages none cnn deny more than a century and a half bus passed awn since the settlemout of this country l our ancestors and wbal improve nienl bus been made in the resources iml wealth of the state ' we have in the - u b of events nflor a long and bloody war with eat glon to our selves fleeted a separation from th ■pu rent coun try and bocome a free and independent state un der u written constitution which secures t us civil ami relijiions freedom since our independence a one of tne united slates we have attained in an unpariilelleil short time die rank of a first rate power we have little reason lo expect a foreign war and nothing to fear from it nud we are secure in our property and persons by our written conati tion from any exaction or opprcssu in under ho laws or under colour of them and in our hue of freedom and public spirit we have we trust n sure vindication from nnv attempt n our liberties in contempt of the laws it is surely a subject of honest pride and of sober gratulation thai wo are a free people and being so we ought to bo what we surely nre not a prosperous people apart from our political institutions and our freedom under them and of the rapid and great increase of our population in what do we lifli-r from our ancestors _ we have the same noble domain the same benignant climate .- but what have we done fir ourselves ' what monuments in the use fid or fine arts ; what cities what large towns what harbours what canals roads and bridges ; xvliui literary or humane institutions what hospi tals what public libraries what colleges 1 or schools what literary or scientific works have we to be proud of not only is our foreign com merce bul our very coasting trade is carried on in i rent measure by vessels owned and navigated by the citizens of our sister slates we lime no mercantile marine beyond a few miserable coasters and a livv keel nnd steam boats nf ki^^^o prospectus ol i iii the fourth and last to he mentioned is tho wnnl ol one or more sub sou-pot is williiu our limits — i'll mouths of our sounds and rivers are in nl.nosl every instance obstructed bx sand-bars and shoals li is admitted ilmt good ports would i f great advantage to us ami yet with deference to those of our ciii/.ens win hold tins to i the prime ob stacle to our improvement we apprehend ilsit more importance has been attached t tins want iluui !»- long lo ll ll is not doubted that a sea-port is ta i - ways of value to a country and mint it is of tho greatest consequence where ii forms the access i a fertile country hut thnt it is mt of the highest value in iuelf without u back country to support it is we think very apparent from the present stale of ll town of norfolk virginia ll is nu ll iiihteill one of the tinesi harbors on tho conti nent if not under all circumstance the ver im-si — and yet though norfolk is is old iis most of the large cities in the union uud bus of late years r coived i great deal of patronage from the general government it is a town of not very high rank in point of population nud does not wc believe much abound in capital a little attention to the history of ih large commercial cities al homo and nbroau will show that they are the coiicoiiiitaiils of a 8uc cos-did stnte of manufacture and agriculture or thnt they huve boon consequent i them ; nnd that unless in a few instances where ihey have enjoyed a carrying trade or been connected with fisheries they have never preceded agriculture and iiianu tiietures these causes are without iloubl sutti cienl li.r the effects ascribed to them whichever of them l most important the waul of a foreign trade uml of manufactures nnd th existence of an unskilful husbandry are susioipnl to depress the industry of any people and must continue to keep it depressed unless tiny call bo removed or couu loi balanced jyorth carolina republican i n ii oovornmcnl id rs tho preservation of liber al iv depends ma ml . , on a general dirlbsion r corrcef iiiiiiriniiiion among ih | pie if th | pie he igno rant of their right how can thoy guard them against encroachment '--( liir liireliillu rs achieved treed n at lie price of 111 i ici i iii hid nnd t lea lire li ltd we then soil , . ui preserve ii only by enlightened watchfblnesa a intnlligeiico nnd vigilance or r greatest safeguards *. ignoranco and iipathj ai ■the aourcai ofthe most danger •• power is always stooling ivom the many (" llie few and the reason is thai iho many lumber while th few arc silentl nl work no ireo people . er yet l"-i thoir liberties by pen nssnults bul many hive lost them by secrol encroachments ignorance union thu people beget anothor evil winch above nil ouiors was the l..n f the ancienl republics ; that evil is man-worbhip history teaches us that w her ever mnn-wnr ihip take root there political virtue dies und sordid faction spring ll|i — it ■irrupts the principles of liberty a idolatry doe pure lb il loll when our forofuthora ostabllghod ilu present form of govern nt they fondly hoped that we would escape the tiie of tin iner kepiihl us and under tho wine check a a i guards of a written constitution enjoy through nil i mc to come the inestimable blessings of preedom — bill now at the end of ihe short psriod of f.nty-sl.x veins what is our condition 1 wo hove already reached an alarming crisis m nur political urt'uirs — the very prin ciples of tho constitution are in imminent peril we arc in ihe uu l.-t fit revolution silent nml ns yet lilih.it lei -, but still rapid in its progress — tin barrier of tbe ( iitishiiiiion me lire ken down ii in i trampled in tha dust — nil tlie powers whether ofthe bwoni or of the purse arc concentrating in the federal bxecutivo nud x'\fii i mi rross itself is outstripped in the race of usurpation li is time for the people to awake from their apathy and to look to their rights — if i.ev slumber much longer ihey will awake too int — their government will be changed and their liberties gone eur the purpose of aiding other papers in the state in diffhsing correct information among tho people and to mouse them to n sens of thoir danger if is proposed t publish ai tbe office of the " western carolinian a paper under tlie title which stands at tho h.-ud of tin prospectus — to be printed on n large size sheet in oc rnvo form of sixteen pages corresponding in size with the •• l-xi'i-iu.er edited 111 philadelphia by condy raguet 1 the a'.ci/i carolina republican will advocate the doctrines of tlie old republican parly us taught by jef ferson and his compatriots of 1708 •_'. it will advocate th principle of free trade and oppose nil fyste is or measures which havoa tendency tu tax the many for the benefit of the few t i will support a liberal polic in ur si itegovern iiii-.it a ui advoc .'" all reasonable p aus il.r theimprove nien of tlie natural and moral condition of north caro lina and willi . ii .' of enlightening and ciicourogiiij our uvvn citizens hy tii example of other . pains will be • .. n to now what our bister states havo done nnd ic i ng in works of improvement usefol statistics 7 ■;. ,. wnh tlie great iulerast-i of tlie state agri ■cultural commercial and i neral will bo procured and published in tho repubhcui i a portion ol each number will be oeeupicd with important congressional and legislative proceedings . nun i!,c time ilu ' i •'!.' s in a be in session ; also w tli the latest and mosl interesting news of the day n and do itic and with such miscellaneous inut ier n may prove int resting to tlie ■-■• neral reader 5 the question of gouts niton r reform of the con miiik.n lias ii,r thirty years divided tin people nud nr rityed one section of the state against the other and ns a nee si consequence has prevented the success of many measure viully important to the honor and proe perity of north carolina : and until s.'tile.i it will con ; . . ■i o it is not doubted tliat both parties are nci re nnd honi f in tin r vie - ; an i tha reuon why liffured is tliat neither party has ever f.t been und li ily acquainted with the just pretension of th oilier ; else this distracting question would ere now have been amicably adjusted with the view therefore of git uig ta all tlie opportunity of " hearing l*)th sides it is public in tlie - i'll ri pu tlii a i the ar u n nts ti.r am 1 againsl the measure ; and th it th one impartially it will be so provided that the arguments on one side p ■a i bj w ■i r :. and on tlie i i i ui ii nothing more effectual prevents libo n than sectional divisions and local jealou ii — they distract the public mind and de troy th i immunity uf feeling and unity of act n i icntialto ihe success ,,'.' ii cheines .■!' iuiproi id whether • calorraoral brery real friend of north carolina ' i ii i ' ' v 3 1 oiis rs removed i lo hail the dny « liic i one nenpli . uier foi i ie general go i osperity ofthe si it . ii in the proper season correct tubl ! of the price > urrent will be n gul irly given ii bus boon ilu practice of 11 wis rulers to iiutke works of naiional importance at ll • com mon expense fortifications navies p rts and public ways and many other things in then na ture of general interest have ever boon aupp ed to is within the proper core of the <; v r .. snt even our imporlbcl system for making md i tir ing roads has boon and now is strictly of j . blio concern our highways hnve been fbr their more convenient administration nsidered us part of tho county police and placed under (! iii ofthe count courts but bus uiulor the direction of public inctionariea they are as much subjects of sovereign cure n.s if they were directly c idroled by the general assembly we will now inquire how fur our industry would be benefitted by the adoption of .. system of inter nal improvement j for it is by nu means assumed bv us that national wealth will follow under nil circumstances from the making of canals r rnil roads liniii or i will how from on expenditure of labor on these works ns in nil other cases ; us the works themsolvos may be needed or nol nn.l may be well or ill planner and executed i\or do the public as bus sometimes been erron tou.ly im iigined venture upon a public work on other terms than uu individual docs on a private one ii has boon thought by some thai a the citizen is paid li.r his labor and materials on tho public work that even if the work does nni repay there has only been a transfer of capital from the govern meiil to the citizen nml no loss hut his is il vu iv maplfesf error there is nu alls iute foss of labor and materials to just the amount which is not repaid ; for the labor and nut run might have isien applied to a work thnt would jave reimbursed them by its profits with interest ; olid the public having paid for them nud misapplied them uualost them it is not otherwise with on individual if he hns work done he pays for the labor and ma terials and in win 1 xcn the labor i„i wills lh materials being paid in no loser bo it tl j ro . prietor has in the work something thai will repay his expenditure with a reasonable profit ho is safe but otherwise if be has not ho has incurred an absolute loss it is impossible from the want of statistical in formation to make any estimate of tho mount paid by the citizens of north carolina r of any particular district in the state in money or labor for inland transport ; und therefore it caiuiot bo shown wliut will is the saving effected by uny rail road or canal that has been proposed n ox con it be conjectured whal will is the ii_orei.se f pro auction from such r.sul or canal this import ant informati an only ho obtained from surveys and reports made under legislative ei.ucttnent and at the public expense il.it in the absence of such useful knowledge actually denied us by our last legislator we are nut without facts both as to iliesflecl of improved ways in other countries and this to show that we may expect the greatest advantage's from the improvement of our means of transport we know that almost the whole ofour produce from the middle anil western counties is curried by wagons from the form on which it is grown to some town in this state or inoro gene rally in nnothor state a cessible to river bouts or sea vessels — tbi.l it is sold there or delivered to a commission merchant to be sent to a more favor able market this carriage over isnd is exceed ingly expensive because only very light weight can be drawn at n very slow puce over our ill made ads the cost of the wagons and teams em ployed in transport tiop in our western and middle counties is not a light sum but it is a mere trifle to what is expended in tho support of th homes and the hire uud support of the men employed ou our inland carriage if an estimate eotild lie made of expenses we do not hesitate to believe that iho saving which might be effected in il.iu a few yoara on an improved system of public wius would bo si cienl to make all tlie rail 11 ails thm havo been projected our raatern peopleare better off they have vory general water carriage ami jet it bus been shown by calculation that tho imfcistry of a few fiutern counties is tuxed annually to the large sum of ts.is.ooo in delays and overco ming by lighterage a.c a single obstruction in speculating on the expediency of improving our country by making land and water carriage quick and easy it hns boon usual to make n lunpurison ' between this state and new york since the cut timr of her grand canal and between this stale nnd england in th present highly improved arid improving condition of her highways by land uial though difficult ii is by no iiicniis impossible to find a remedy for all these evils during the century nnd a half wc hnve i n u political coin iiiiinity we have done something for ourselves un der ho weight of ull these disadvantages and we can if wo will bul resolve hi an united and conti nued effort triumph over thorn we are not with out the means of making n complete change in our agriculture which us i is hie natural occupation for our capital uud industry should is our lirst and chief cure if wo have llie will we have very certainly abundant ability to nuke ibis change we have as has already been said an extensive territory which though heretofore it has not nf forded much spore wealth bus supported n large population in comfort our lands if not rich ure nol so hopelessly sterile hni that by labor and ca pita judiciously applied tboy may be made pro ductive if once we cnn improve our soil (., nn equality will that of our neighbors we may counter balance their advantages in the growing of cotton and other staples by lessening the est ofour tru.is|xirt to market if we can bus greatly increase the xahie and amount of our agricultural products we will ticquiro a capital in hinds uud money und at no very remote eriod he nhle lo commence mniiu fiictures for which we huve great aptitude especi all in the mildness f our climate the cheapness of provisions nn.l the water-power which is nf fbnled by our rivers uud tb.-ir tributary streams our agriculture ix-ing freed from its embarrass ments we may even utteiupt with n fair prospect of success the improvement of cur ports and the commencement of a foreign commerce from them or perhaps what will he more feasible and equally profitable an active coasting trade our lirst step to improve the resources of the slate — to uu reuse our profits and thereby i re ate or io enlarge our capital — must is made in bettering our agricul ture our extent of territory u large proportion of it yet covered will ilu unlive forests invites to the cultivation of the soil the predilections of our people are for a forming life their skill nnd capital ever since lb settlement of the country have been turned lo il ; our intrrc-lf nur ictiun iiiitions and our habits have iiiail us farmers and will keep us so il is alike ihe result ofour natu ral situation nud the dictate of auid sens that our whole energies should he directed lo the suh doing our wild lands to the do nil ion of the plough when we hove a greater capital acquired from a miiceessiful cultivation of out lauds than can is pro fitably re-invested in their improvement — when our population begins lo grow larger than can find room for n gainful industry upon their native fields — if we are a prosperous community our excess of capital and labor will is turned under individual enterprise towards mechanical employments and foreign trade for advantageous occupation hut assuredly if any thing may is affirmed us being beyond contradiction in regard to our present con ditio or rlture prospects il is thi wc are mid must continue for not lis than n century chiefly if not exclusively nn agricultural people nor lei it is forgotten that of all tin employment by which man earns a subsistence or looks fir profit it is the most primitive and notwithstanding much misrepresentation to the contrary among the most prr.lhal.le id peculiarly favorable to health to in nocence an i to happiness — to the cultivation of the domestic and public virtues — to make us good in'-n and disinterested qtriots all premature attempts lo make us either lb reign traders or mechanics will not only certainly fail a we have neither acquired capital or natural fitness f„r these occupations but are not even desi rable as nothing is to be gained either in point of wealth or happiness bv nbandoning our present pursuits foreign trade mechanical industry and be cultivation of the soil us sources of national burthen and value for our inland trade and some of this are owned in a neighboring state we have nothing that deserves the nine of manufacture no processes for changing the value of the raw materials are in use among us except those effected either by manual labor or by machine of the simplest and commonest constructi flour ing nud saw mills anil a very few paper nulls and machine for spinning coarse cotton thread constitute the total ofour manufacturing establish ments our igricnlture on which the whole of our labor has been expended ,- tar very for from being much distingue ; f . practical kill or science the lands fo tb ii il thirty years otdy have been in some parts of thi state well tilled but no sx stem of a rotation ofcropa or of manuring by which the lands might be maintained in their original fertility uud productiveness bus ever isu-n attempted far les has it evei im-.-h thought of that they were capable of being rendered even yenr more productive with a total absence f commerce of manufoc tiie mil under a defective v-'nn of agriculture is ii surprising thai there should be liiil accumu lation of capital among us except in ihe increase of our slaves . our land have had breed from them :. support of our white ami coloured population v.r'h c-ir.bun i nubli u vi.'l be iml . -!.. 1 ■on i unless h mat continuance i i contain 16 pain , carefully put up i _, . -,, , , , ... ., n ,. . . , i hi * it will be understood hv the public in pressing on so that at the . ir each subscriber will have a ., ■. ., , i , , , , ,' ,, , .,-... | tie.r attention th want of literary institutions tliat .. 3*3 pages hlled with interesting and . ,, , ... , ,. , - , ,- ,, , the i niveraityel north ( orolm is not forgotton by us i r ,. , ■. ,. ,, ,, ' with all who love the state we remember with plea i h i.rice il ■tion i one dollao in all ca , , „ ,, ' ,„,,, i , ,-.„,, i ■sure nn i acknowledge vv ith pride ihe <!.•!»! ol trratltud due to the tnutee and especially to the profess i iolst no will appear monday in may tlie i-niversity for the benefit they have conferred on should the subscription lisl i i th state to their prais be il mentioned that they as the object of the publication ii not to make mo have maniferted a darotedne_si worthy of ihe good cause ney but to support tbe riehtooftb people on appe i in which they have beenso long enraped with so little , , .. , .... , . . .', profit to themselves and so nnc'i t ilier fclfow-citi is now-made to tbe friends of constitutional liberty.to ! ... , , , , ,.,,. ,- , ten rhey have not only a tn no sympauiy trom our " r t themselves in procuring subscribers i men but aaains i uragemnnt accom all « ii i procure ml ■• ribers | i i ; , [ ,, till tue ns sns will by the tir-t day of may coi nun ' tc the i'ub \\,. refer with n ■, ' tel i those who by n imaa so pi cured rets ning i io i n • . r .• ■ution are entrusted with th sacred duty of their hand unl tho paper will providing for publ ' only for the pur pone of expr hope and belief that ere long ] ■• -. an ' c immtmit ons mutt tliey will extend an effecl ig to the i - northcai republican sa y they rosy t e would that it ersofnse foi li irnii term -':
Object Description
Title | Western Carolinian |
Masthead | Western Carolinian |
Date | 1834-05-03 |
Month | 05 |
Day | 03 |
Year | 1834 |
Volume | Vol.14 No.48 |
Issue | Whole No.726 |
Technical Metadata | Image was scanned by OCLC at the Preservation Service Center in Bethlehem, PA. Archival image is an 8-bit greyscale tiff that was scanned from microfilm at 400 dpi. The original file size was |
Creator | John Beard Jr. |
Date Digital | 2009-04-13 |
Publisher | John Beard Jr. |
Place |
United States North Carolina Rowan County Salisbury |
Type | Text |
Source | Microfilm |
Digital Format | JP2 |
Project Subject | State Archives of North Carolina Historic Newspaper Archive |
Description | The Saturday, May 3, 1834 issue of the Western Carolinian a weekly newspaper from Salisbury in Rowan County, North Carolina |
Rights | The SA of NC considers this item in the public domain by U.S. law but responsibility for permissions rests with researchers. |
Language | eng |
OCLC number | 601574392 |
Description
Title | Western Carolinian |
Masthead | Western Carolinian |
Date | 1834-05-03 |
Month | 05 |
Day | 03 |
Year | 1834 |
Sequence | 1 |
Page | 1 |
Technical Metadata | Image was scanned by OCLC at the Preservation Service Center in Bethlehem, PA. Archival image is an 8-bit greyscale tiff that was scanned from microfilm at 400 dpi. The original file size was 2157494 Bytes |
FileName | sawc04_18340503-img00001.jp2 |
Date Digital | 4/13/2009 10:39:26 AM |
Publisher | Krider & Bingham |
Place |
United States North Carolina Rowan County Salisbury |
Type | Text |
Source | Microfilm |
Digital Format | JP2 |
Project Subject | State Archives of North Carolina Historic Newspaper Archive |
Description | An archive of The Western Carolinian a historic newspaper from Salisbury, North Carolina |
Rights | The SA of NC considers this item in the public domain by U.S. law but responsibility for permissions rests with researchers. |
Language | eng |
FullText | the western carolinian • gtomaokba waaiaai — mwvt ibibaibido ju.j ba>arctb & ipibcdipibiiibv^-s jimraif uso-ifi'iii its oh vol axiv jvo 48 ; 8alisbury....saturday may 3 1834 ) w\\o\enumwv 7ftft i without any view f . • nu iiicreaseil coiisinuptu mil when hey would no longer support iis our li-llow ciii/.eii.s with their children and slaves without waiting for the slow bul certain approach of pover ix have wisely for themselves nml under present circumstances fortunate for us sought ■■e tency or wealth in ihe fertile uml wild lands of the west and southwest it is confessedly the greaf and crying evil of the state thai our labor the only source of wealth is unproductive and thai there is a consequent want of capital for the pur poses of commerce manufactures and agriculture a mosl striking proof of this is to be found in the history of our banks por man roars we have hnd|8,a0.>,(-00 of banking capital in the bands of joint siock ciiuipa i '|'|„. charters ol these com panics are pisl expiring nml ont of hem only bus applied for a renewal of theocl of incorporation and although ihe legislature hove granted to new l panics very favorable charters n is doubtful whether tho stock will be subscribed s as to al low any one of them i ".. uu operation if tb sl.uk of ibe hank of ibe stale !„• taken lo an amount which will entitle ihe subscriber to claim corporate rights il will bo the only of the line hanks i which charters ore offered thai will lie able i raise a capital mid litis hank will nol have more than 8000,000 of the 91,600,000 of stock winch it is ui liberty to employ now there can iw but three ways of nc mini for ihe disap pearance i so large an amount of sr banking capital . either ii bus been withdrawn from the im mess i making loan on interests nnd vested property in thu state which with lie same risk will yield a larger profit than bus been heretofore na.l hi banking operations or secondly it must be supp isod that owing to the diminished profits to l made on the cultivation of hinds thai persona in s.de circumstances cannot afford to pay six per ceni lin loans io any large amount nnd thnt either fewer list its will ik made or risk of loss mi those made will is greater than heretofore so that the neit profits of banking capital will is here nl'ier less ; or thirdly the capital must hnve gone io other states where ii is expected t be more productive it will ih foreign to lie purpose of tins address o pursue ibis topic further than lo show from it that capital is ut once scarce and un productive md it is only necossary to bay that 111 re is no business now followed in this stale thai will ive n profit at ull equal to that for rlv de rived from hunk slock nn.l therefore the brut cause supposed lias no effect in withholding capital from the new hunks ami ii is solely ascribable lo tb other two ami principally to the latter it is but one more melancholy proof of i lie depression of ihe profits of labor and capital among ns ll were alike unwise and unfeeling in us thus to expose ihe wi nkiio-s id our native land if il were not necessary lo trace our maladies to iluir remote laii-es thai they may if possible be cured as these causes are w ii understood and generally ad mitted it will h sufficient for our present argu ment to omit all minor oni b uud to point out thoso only thai are mosl import mt our first and greatest disadvantage is without doubt tho poverl of our lands scattered over i our territory and especially on our rivers we have tracts of lands of surpassing fertility ; bul the gene nil character of our soil if not absolutely sterile is at least churlish and ungrateful making very scan ty . turns for ihe labor expended on it tlie te ,..«./ cause of ibe diminished und diminishing pro fit of our labor is the low price of our rent staple cotton the wonderful improvements made iii machinery for the ginning of cotton nn.l convert m ii into thread and cloth by diminishing the price of fabrics iniule from it has increased the con sumption of them many thousand fold beyond what the mosl sanguine imagination could have anticipa ted thirty yi ins since the demand for the raw material bus of course is'.-n increased in exact pro portion to the consumption but great as that is and although constantly increasing the plant is capable of being grown in so many latitudes and ver so large a portion of the earth that the supply has more than kept pace with the demand the ne cessary consequence has been thai the price al though subjeel to many fluctuations has eventually greatly declined this has fallen with more weight upon us because f the inui limited and costly pro duction with us than in richer so is uud warmer climates and especially in the stoles south and west of us the more southern stales from the strength f their soil an i the adaptation of their climate to the culture of cotton with less labor re ceive u much greater turn from ihe acre than wo do and of finer staple : and of course are able to sell to the manufacturer at a less prioe with greater profit prom the ureal law of exchange able value they con receive nothing from the ma nufacturer beyond a fair profit on their capital and labor and we who enter into competition with them must of course i coiileid to sell what cost us more at less price ami must necessarily receive l.'s profit hut as we make larger proti.s on the culture of cotton than we receive on other exports wc have for a succession of x"nrs constantly in creased our production and although our skill in ilie culture bus enabled us to lessen die costs tbe little profit we are able i realize from it is tbe most prominent cause ofthe depression of our labor the third cause arises from the cost nf transport ing our products to ii market the great rivers which flow from the west to the sen throughout the btate are interrupted in ibeir courses by fulls niul other obstructions so that they do not admit of inland transport for any distance from their mouths tin evil is the greater as th staples f the country nre generally of great weight and bulk ami when they are brought to market a consi.lera ii 1 " purl of their value consists in the cost of their transportation t and in very many of them of the easiest production and in tbe greatest demand for instance wheal and indian-corn made in the mid dle and western counties the cost of transporta non is so great that ii amounts tn n total prohibi ition of ihe export the a.st of ini|sirt from the la cnu-r ii .' apparent hears heavily on nuiny bulky articles rtecouary to n auoceastlil cultivation of the soil aii exorbitant puce is pan for salt in seme counties and even foi ir ihe most necea sary of all the gifts of naliire i the proseciiliou of agriculture and tho other iwoail arts gypsum and lime so essential as manures are altogether out ofl our power from the high price of carriage this ! third cans the ureal expense of transportation as ii is vex obvious is ne of ih greatest obstacles io ihe creation of wealth in this state wealth have each found at different p i , . . 1 ia dilferont countries its advocates who hi ■i lad hie li.vo.ir.le pursuit at ihe x|m'..sc , . her ivvo ; anil on occoiiul of us suppmod pr co have claimed from government l ...... - for is em agotnenl or duties for its pr ilooti n we iiuisi not h understood so to advocate ng ituro all iliese throe sources of wealth ire pun l.x us us ix-uig iii themselves on a perfect i . ity mid hint one or llie other or nil i)j them nl i , arc to be followed b any people n.-c rding to thn mean the huve by nature r art foi u suoci maii pursuit of them wb an of ihe lumber el those who believe il is-st tlml individual should i left by govomment t fellow their own intereats und ih ii in general nothing more i iiocosasirj for tho protection of industry than equal laws and in economical public expenditure fin exception is nf necessity lo be made to the doclru nf non-ill lerferen i pint of the government where there is some ciiicrpri/e for the public welfare of such magnitude iluti it requites he wealth nn.l credit of the slut to curry ii int effect or sonic obstacle of such difficulty tlml it is obviously i within the power of individual capital or thai x,f private association lo remove it such we think is the case with us at present we believe thai no--.ii less 1 1 nu i the wealth ami credit of the . ',., state at the disposal of the people themsolve through the general assembly can so improve oui inland transport throughout our whole limits .- i place our industry m u level with our competitor in oilier slnies w addressto run people of north carolina written by tlie control committoo appointed hv the convention which assembled in raleigh in novem ber i , i so much mi rest has 1 xpressed throutli the pr iml idlurivi.se in the proceeding of the convention winch nni nt the seal of government in novombor last for the purpom of deliberating on the expediency l improving the transportation ol tho state that ii is almost unnecessary to call lo voiir iiiiti the fuel thai bv a resolution of thai hody their president was authoriaed to appoint a committee of ton to disseminate lnformntioi ihe mbjool of i nml improvement 1 to publi.h un aibliess i'he appointment of thai committee has been nun public and in porfbnruu.ce of ihe duty given in charge lo them bj ihe convent thev resp cii'ullv iisli of their fellow-citizens thoir serious consideration lo a well meant attempt to brill before them in u plain ami unpretending mi , i ihe causes of the adniitlleil ilepr ssod con din..n of the industry of ihe state and of the re medy from which in the opinion of the convent i n and of tho ( lommittee relief may be expected — as this subject is of miui concorn to yourselves uml us it is inconceivable thai the convention cnn have taken upon them the trouble nud responsibili ty of devising and recommending a plan for the improvement of our inland transport von x oilier motive than the common good il is hopeil thai no npoloi'v will bo essary for iho demand now made on your time un.l attention thai north-carolina with an extensive territo ry with n line climate with equal and just laws with n numerous und intelligent and moral nnd in dustrious people has neither the internal prosperi ty nor the political influence which would seem to lie the necessary results of these naturi ' and social advantages none cnn deny more than a century and a half bus passed awn since the settlemout of this country l our ancestors and wbal improve nienl bus been made in the resources iml wealth of the state ' we have in the - u b of events nflor a long and bloody war with eat glon to our selves fleeted a separation from th ■pu rent coun try and bocome a free and independent state un der u written constitution which secures t us civil ami relijiions freedom since our independence a one of tne united slates we have attained in an unpariilelleil short time die rank of a first rate power we have little reason lo expect a foreign war and nothing to fear from it nud we are secure in our property and persons by our written conati tion from any exaction or opprcssu in under ho laws or under colour of them and in our hue of freedom and public spirit we have we trust n sure vindication from nnv attempt n our liberties in contempt of the laws it is surely a subject of honest pride and of sober gratulation thai wo are a free people and being so we ought to bo what we surely nre not a prosperous people apart from our political institutions and our freedom under them and of the rapid and great increase of our population in what do we lifli-r from our ancestors _ we have the same noble domain the same benignant climate .- but what have we done fir ourselves ' what monuments in the use fid or fine arts ; what cities what large towns what harbours what canals roads and bridges ; xvliui literary or humane institutions what hospi tals what public libraries what colleges 1 or schools what literary or scientific works have we to be proud of not only is our foreign com merce bul our very coasting trade is carried on in i rent measure by vessels owned and navigated by the citizens of our sister slates we lime no mercantile marine beyond a few miserable coasters and a livv keel nnd steam boats nf ki^^^o prospectus ol i iii the fourth and last to he mentioned is tho wnnl ol one or more sub sou-pot is williiu our limits — i'll mouths of our sounds and rivers are in nl.nosl every instance obstructed bx sand-bars and shoals li is admitted ilmt good ports would i f great advantage to us ami yet with deference to those of our ciii/.ens win hold tins to i the prime ob stacle to our improvement we apprehend ilsit more importance has been attached t tins want iluui !»- long lo ll ll is not doubted that a sea-port is ta i - ways of value to a country and mint it is of tho greatest consequence where ii forms the access i a fertile country hut thnt it is mt of the highest value in iuelf without u back country to support it is we think very apparent from the present stale of ll town of norfolk virginia ll is nu ll iiihteill one of the tinesi harbors on tho conti nent if not under all circumstance the ver im-si — and yet though norfolk is is old iis most of the large cities in the union uud bus of late years r coived i great deal of patronage from the general government it is a town of not very high rank in point of population nud does not wc believe much abound in capital a little attention to the history of ih large commercial cities al homo and nbroau will show that they are the coiicoiiiitaiils of a 8uc cos-did stnte of manufacture and agriculture or thnt they huve boon consequent i them ; nnd that unless in a few instances where ihey have enjoyed a carrying trade or been connected with fisheries they have never preceded agriculture and iiianu tiietures these causes are without iloubl sutti cienl li.r the effects ascribed to them whichever of them l most important the waul of a foreign trade uml of manufactures nnd th existence of an unskilful husbandry are susioipnl to depress the industry of any people and must continue to keep it depressed unless tiny call bo removed or couu loi balanced jyorth carolina republican i n ii oovornmcnl id rs tho preservation of liber al iv depends ma ml . , on a general dirlbsion r corrcef iiiiiiriniiiion among ih | pie if th | pie he igno rant of their right how can thoy guard them against encroachment '--( liir liireliillu rs achieved treed n at lie price of 111 i ici i iii hid nnd t lea lire li ltd we then soil , . ui preserve ii only by enlightened watchfblnesa a intnlligeiico nnd vigilance or r greatest safeguards *. ignoranco and iipathj ai ■the aourcai ofthe most danger •• power is always stooling ivom the many (" llie few and the reason is thai iho many lumber while th few arc silentl nl work no ireo people . er yet l"-i thoir liberties by pen nssnults bul many hive lost them by secrol encroachments ignorance union thu people beget anothor evil winch above nil ouiors was the l..n f the ancienl republics ; that evil is man-worbhip history teaches us that w her ever mnn-wnr ihip take root there political virtue dies und sordid faction spring ll|i — it ■irrupts the principles of liberty a idolatry doe pure lb il loll when our forofuthora ostabllghod ilu present form of govern nt they fondly hoped that we would escape the tiie of tin iner kepiihl us and under tho wine check a a i guards of a written constitution enjoy through nil i mc to come the inestimable blessings of preedom — bill now at the end of ihe short psriod of f.nty-sl.x veins what is our condition 1 wo hove already reached an alarming crisis m nur political urt'uirs — the very prin ciples of tho constitution are in imminent peril we arc in ihe uu l.-t fit revolution silent nml ns yet lilih.it lei -, but still rapid in its progress — tin barrier of tbe ( iitishiiiiion me lire ken down ii in i trampled in tha dust — nil tlie powers whether ofthe bwoni or of the purse arc concentrating in the federal bxecutivo nud x'\fii i mi rross itself is outstripped in the race of usurpation li is time for the people to awake from their apathy and to look to their rights — if i.ev slumber much longer ihey will awake too int — their government will be changed and their liberties gone eur the purpose of aiding other papers in the state in diffhsing correct information among tho people and to mouse them to n sens of thoir danger if is proposed t publish ai tbe office of the " western carolinian a paper under tlie title which stands at tho h.-ud of tin prospectus — to be printed on n large size sheet in oc rnvo form of sixteen pages corresponding in size with the •• l-xi'i-iu.er edited 111 philadelphia by condy raguet 1 the a'.ci/i carolina republican will advocate the doctrines of tlie old republican parly us taught by jef ferson and his compatriots of 1708 •_'. it will advocate th principle of free trade and oppose nil fyste is or measures which havoa tendency tu tax the many for the benefit of the few t i will support a liberal polic in ur si itegovern iiii-.it a ui advoc .'" all reasonable p aus il.r theimprove nien of tlie natural and moral condition of north caro lina and willi . ii .' of enlightening and ciicourogiiij our uvvn citizens hy tii example of other . pains will be • .. n to now what our bister states havo done nnd ic i ng in works of improvement usefol statistics 7 ■;. ,. wnh tlie great iulerast-i of tlie state agri ■cultural commercial and i neral will bo procured and published in tho repubhcui i a portion ol each number will be oeeupicd with important congressional and legislative proceedings . nun i!,c time ilu ' i •'!.' s in a be in session ; also w tli the latest and mosl interesting news of the day n and do itic and with such miscellaneous inut ier n may prove int resting to tlie ■-■• neral reader 5 the question of gouts niton r reform of the con miiik.n lias ii,r thirty years divided tin people nud nr rityed one section of the state against the other and ns a nee si consequence has prevented the success of many measure viully important to the honor and proe perity of north carolina : and until s.'tile.i it will con ; . . ■i o it is not doubted tliat both parties are nci re nnd honi f in tin r vie - ; an i tha reuon why liffured is tliat neither party has ever f.t been und li ily acquainted with the just pretension of th oilier ; else this distracting question would ere now have been amicably adjusted with the view therefore of git uig ta all tlie opportunity of " hearing l*)th sides it is public in tlie - i'll ri pu tlii a i the ar u n nts ti.r am 1 againsl the measure ; and th it th one impartially it will be so provided that the arguments on one side p ■a i bj w ■i r :. and on tlie i i i ui ii nothing more effectual prevents libo n than sectional divisions and local jealou ii — they distract the public mind and de troy th i immunity uf feeling and unity of act n i icntialto ihe success ,,'.' ii cheines .■!' iuiproi id whether • calorraoral brery real friend of north carolina ' i ii i ' ' v 3 1 oiis rs removed i lo hail the dny « liic i one nenpli . uier foi i ie general go i osperity ofthe si it . ii in the proper season correct tubl ! of the price > urrent will be n gul irly given ii bus boon ilu practice of 11 wis rulers to iiutke works of naiional importance at ll • com mon expense fortifications navies p rts and public ways and many other things in then na ture of general interest have ever boon aupp ed to is within the proper core of the <; v r .. snt even our imporlbcl system for making md i tir ing roads has boon and now is strictly of j . blio concern our highways hnve been fbr their more convenient administration nsidered us part of tho county police and placed under (! iii ofthe count courts but bus uiulor the direction of public inctionariea they are as much subjects of sovereign cure n.s if they were directly c idroled by the general assembly we will now inquire how fur our industry would be benefitted by the adoption of .. system of inter nal improvement j for it is by nu means assumed bv us that national wealth will follow under nil circumstances from the making of canals r rnil roads liniii or i will how from on expenditure of labor on these works ns in nil other cases ; us the works themsolvos may be needed or nol nn.l may be well or ill planner and executed i\or do the public as bus sometimes been erron tou.ly im iigined venture upon a public work on other terms than uu individual docs on a private one ii has boon thought by some thai a the citizen is paid li.r his labor and materials on tho public work that even if the work does nni repay there has only been a transfer of capital from the govern meiil to the citizen nml no loss hut his is il vu iv maplfesf error there is nu alls iute foss of labor and materials to just the amount which is not repaid ; for the labor and nut run might have isien applied to a work thnt would jave reimbursed them by its profits with interest ; olid the public having paid for them nud misapplied them uualost them it is not otherwise with on individual if he hns work done he pays for the labor and ma terials and in win 1 xcn the labor i„i wills lh materials being paid in no loser bo it tl j ro . prietor has in the work something thai will repay his expenditure with a reasonable profit ho is safe but otherwise if be has not ho has incurred an absolute loss it is impossible from the want of statistical in formation to make any estimate of tho mount paid by the citizens of north carolina r of any particular district in the state in money or labor for inland transport ; und therefore it caiuiot bo shown wliut will is the saving effected by uny rail road or canal that has been proposed n ox con it be conjectured whal will is the ii_orei.se f pro auction from such r.sul or canal this import ant informati an only ho obtained from surveys and reports made under legislative ei.ucttnent and at the public expense il.it in the absence of such useful knowledge actually denied us by our last legislator we are nut without facts both as to iliesflecl of improved ways in other countries and this to show that we may expect the greatest advantage's from the improvement of our means of transport we know that almost the whole ofour produce from the middle anil western counties is curried by wagons from the form on which it is grown to some town in this state or inoro gene rally in nnothor state a cessible to river bouts or sea vessels — tbi.l it is sold there or delivered to a commission merchant to be sent to a more favor able market this carriage over isnd is exceed ingly expensive because only very light weight can be drawn at n very slow puce over our ill made ads the cost of the wagons and teams em ployed in transport tiop in our western and middle counties is not a light sum but it is a mere trifle to what is expended in tho support of th homes and the hire uud support of the men employed ou our inland carriage if an estimate eotild lie made of expenses we do not hesitate to believe that iho saving which might be effected in il.iu a few yoara on an improved system of public wius would bo si cienl to make all tlie rail 11 ails thm havo been projected our raatern peopleare better off they have vory general water carriage ami jet it bus been shown by calculation that tho imfcistry of a few fiutern counties is tuxed annually to the large sum of ts.is.ooo in delays and overco ming by lighterage a.c a single obstruction in speculating on the expediency of improving our country by making land and water carriage quick and easy it hns boon usual to make n lunpurison ' between this state and new york since the cut timr of her grand canal and between this stale nnd england in th present highly improved arid improving condition of her highways by land uial though difficult ii is by no iiicniis impossible to find a remedy for all these evils during the century nnd a half wc hnve i n u political coin iiiiinity we have done something for ourselves un der ho weight of ull these disadvantages and we can if wo will bul resolve hi an united and conti nued effort triumph over thorn we are not with out the means of making n complete change in our agriculture which us i is hie natural occupation for our capital uud industry should is our lirst and chief cure if wo have llie will we have very certainly abundant ability to nuke ibis change we have as has already been said an extensive territory which though heretofore it has not nf forded much spore wealth bus supported n large population in comfort our lands if not rich ure nol so hopelessly sterile hni that by labor and ca pita judiciously applied tboy may be made pro ductive if once we cnn improve our soil (., nn equality will that of our neighbors we may counter balance their advantages in the growing of cotton and other staples by lessening the est ofour tru.is|xirt to market if we can bus greatly increase the xahie and amount of our agricultural products we will ticquiro a capital in hinds uud money und at no very remote eriod he nhle lo commence mniiu fiictures for which we huve great aptitude especi all in the mildness f our climate the cheapness of provisions nn.l the water-power which is nf fbnled by our rivers uud tb.-ir tributary streams our agriculture ix-ing freed from its embarrass ments we may even utteiupt with n fair prospect of success the improvement of cur ports and the commencement of a foreign commerce from them or perhaps what will he more feasible and equally profitable an active coasting trade our lirst step to improve the resources of the slate — to uu reuse our profits and thereby i re ate or io enlarge our capital — must is made in bettering our agricul ture our extent of territory u large proportion of it yet covered will ilu unlive forests invites to the cultivation of the soil the predilections of our people are for a forming life their skill nnd capital ever since lb settlement of the country have been turned lo il ; our intrrc-lf nur ictiun iiiitions and our habits have iiiail us farmers and will keep us so il is alike ihe result ofour natu ral situation nud the dictate of auid sens that our whole energies should he directed lo the suh doing our wild lands to the do nil ion of the plough when we hove a greater capital acquired from a miiceessiful cultivation of out lauds than can is pro fitably re-invested in their improvement — when our population begins lo grow larger than can find room for n gainful industry upon their native fields — if we are a prosperous community our excess of capital and labor will is turned under individual enterprise towards mechanical employments and foreign trade for advantageous occupation hut assuredly if any thing may is affirmed us being beyond contradiction in regard to our present con ditio or rlture prospects il is thi wc are mid must continue for not lis than n century chiefly if not exclusively nn agricultural people nor lei it is forgotten that of all tin employment by which man earns a subsistence or looks fir profit it is the most primitive and notwithstanding much misrepresentation to the contrary among the most prr.lhal.le id peculiarly favorable to health to in nocence an i to happiness — to the cultivation of the domestic and public virtues — to make us good in'-n and disinterested qtriots all premature attempts lo make us either lb reign traders or mechanics will not only certainly fail a we have neither acquired capital or natural fitness f„r these occupations but are not even desi rable as nothing is to be gained either in point of wealth or happiness bv nbandoning our present pursuits foreign trade mechanical industry and be cultivation of the soil us sources of national burthen and value for our inland trade and some of this are owned in a neighboring state we have nothing that deserves the nine of manufacture no processes for changing the value of the raw materials are in use among us except those effected either by manual labor or by machine of the simplest and commonest constructi flour ing nud saw mills anil a very few paper nulls and machine for spinning coarse cotton thread constitute the total ofour manufacturing establish ments our igricnlture on which the whole of our labor has been expended ,- tar very for from being much distingue ; f . practical kill or science the lands fo tb ii il thirty years otdy have been in some parts of thi state well tilled but no sx stem of a rotation ofcropa or of manuring by which the lands might be maintained in their original fertility uud productiveness bus ever isu-n attempted far les has it evei im-.-h thought of that they were capable of being rendered even yenr more productive with a total absence f commerce of manufoc tiie mil under a defective v-'nn of agriculture is ii surprising thai there should be liiil accumu lation of capital among us except in ihe increase of our slaves . our land have had breed from them :. support of our white ami coloured population v.r'h c-ir.bun i nubli u vi.'l be iml . -!.. 1 ■on i unless h mat continuance i i contain 16 pain , carefully put up i _, . -,, , , , ... ., n ,. . . , i hi * it will be understood hv the public in pressing on so that at the . ir each subscriber will have a ., ■. ., , i , , , , ,' ,, , .,-... | tie.r attention th want of literary institutions tliat .. 3*3 pages hlled with interesting and . ,, , ... , ,. , - , ,- ,, , the i niveraityel north ( orolm is not forgotton by us i r ,. , ■. ,. ,, ,, ' with all who love the state we remember with plea i h i.rice il ■tion i one dollao in all ca , , „ ,, ' ,„,,, i , ,-.„,, i ■sure nn i acknowledge vv ith pride ihe |